1
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Zhang G, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Jia C, Zhang Y, Xue J, Liu Y, Yang W. Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-Labeled Phenylpiperazine-like Dopamine D3 Receptor Radioligands for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:3459-3472. [PMID: 39276340 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is important in the pathophysiology of various neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, drug addiction, and Parkinson's disease. Positron emission tomography (PET) with innovative radioligands provides an opportunity to assess D3R in vivo and to elucidate D3R-related disease mechanisms. Herein, we present the synthesis of eight 18F-labeled phenylpiperazine-like D3R-selective radioligands possessing good radiochemical purity (>97%), in vitro stability (>95%), and befitting lipophilicity. Based on in vitro binding assays and static microPET studies, the phenylpiperazine-like radioligands [18F]FBPC01 and [18F]FBPC03 were chosen as lead radioligands targeting D3R. Molecular docking further elucidated their binding mechanism. Radiolabeling conditions were optimized and then applied to an automated radiolabeling process, affording products with high specific activity (>112 GBq/μmol). Dynamic rat PET study demonstrated the specific binding of [18F]FBPC01 and [18F]FBPC03 to D3R in the brain ventricles and the pituitary gland. Validated by dynamic PET data analysis, biodistribution study, and metabolism analysis, [18F]FBPC03 exhibited the highest PET signal-to-noise ratio, good D3R-specific binding in the brain ventricles and pituitary gland of rats with few off-target binding, negligible defluorination, and stable brain metabolism, which indicated that [18F]FBPC03 was a promising D3R radioligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Shilun Zhao
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Zuoquan Zhao
- Theranostics and Translational Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chenhao Jia
- Theranostics and Translational Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yuxuan Zhang
- Jinan Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Science, Jinan 251401, China
| | - Jingquan Xue
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Jinan Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Science, Jinan 251401, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
- Jinan Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Science, Jinan 251401, China
| | - Wenjiang Yang
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Radiographic Techniques and Equipment, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Jinan Laboratory of Applied Nuclear Science, Jinan 251401, China
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2
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Shen H, Ma Z, Hans E, Duan Y, Bi GH, Chae YC, Bonifazi A, Battiti FO, Newman AH, Xi ZX, Yang Y. Involvement of dopamine D3 receptor in impulsive choice decision-making in male rats. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110051. [PMID: 38917939 PMCID: PMC11401648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Impulsive decision-making has been linked to impulse control disorders and substance use disorders. However, the neural mechanisms underlying impulsive choice are not fully understood. While previous PET imaging and autoradiography studies have shown involvement of dopamine and D2/3 receptors in impulsive behavior, the roles of distinct D1, D2, and D3 receptors in impulsive decision-making remain unclear. In this study, we used a food reward delay-discounting task (DDT) to identify low- and high-impulsive rats, in which low-impulsive rats exhibited preference for large delayed reward over small immediate rewards, while high-impulsive rats showed the opposite preference. We then examined D1, D2, and D3 receptor gene expression using RNAscope in situ hybridization assays. We found that high-impulsive male rats exhibited lower levels of D2 and D3, and particularly D3, receptor expression in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), with no significant changes in the insular, prelimbic, and infralimbic cortices. Based on these findings, we further explored the role of the D3 receptor in impulsive decision-making. Systemic administration of a selective D3 receptor agonist (FOB02-04) significantly reduced impulsive choices in high-impulsive rats but had no effects in low-impulsive rats. Conversely, a selective D3 receptor antagonist (VK4-116) produced increased both impulsive and omission choices in both groups of rats. These findings suggest that impulsive decision-making is associated with a reduction in D3 receptor expression in the NAc. Selective D3 receptor agonists, but not antagonists, may hold therapeutic potentials for mitigating impulsivity in high-impulsive subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zilu Ma
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Emma Hans
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ying Duan
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yurim C Chae
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Francisco O Battiti
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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3
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Cao DN, Li F, Wu N, Li J. Insights into the mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder and potential treatment strategies. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:862-878. [PMID: 34128238 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorder is a worldwide societal problem and public health burden. Strategies for treating opioid use disorder can be divided into those that target the opioid receptor system and those that target non-opioid receptor systems, including the dopamine and glutamate receptor systems. Currently, the clinical drugs used to treat opioid use disorder include the opioid receptor agonists methadone and buprenorphine, which are limited by their abuse liability, and the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone, which is limited by poor compliance. Therefore, the development of effective medications with lower abuse liability and better potential for compliance is urgently needed. Based on recent advances in the understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying opioid use disorder, potential treatment strategies and targets have emerged. This review focuses on the progress made in identifying potential targets and developing medications to treat opioid use disorder, including progress made by our laboratory, and provides insights for future medication development. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ni Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
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4
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Juza R, Musilek K, Mezeiova E, Soukup O, Korabecny J. Recent advances in dopamine D 2 receptor ligands in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:55-211. [PMID: 36111795 DOI: 10.1002/med.21923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is a biologically active amine synthesized in the central and peripheral nervous system. This biogenic monoamine acts by activating five types of dopamine receptors (D1-5 Rs), which belong to the G protein-coupled receptor family. Antagonists and partial agonists of D2 Rs are used to treat schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. The typical pharmacophore with high D2 R affinity comprises four main areas, namely aromatic moiety, cyclic amine, central linker and aromatic/heteroaromatic lipophilic fragment. From the literature reviewed herein, we can conclude that 4-(2,3-dichlorophenyl), 4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-, 4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)-1-substituted piperazine, and 4-(6-fluorobenzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)piperidine moieties are critical for high D2 R affinity. Four to six atoms chains are optimal for D2 R affinity with 4-butoxyl as the most pronounced one. The bicyclic aromatic/heteroaromatic systems are most frequently occurring as lipophilic appendages to retain high D2 R affinity. In this review, we provide a thorough overview of the therapeutic potential of D2 R modulators in the treatment of the aforementioned disorders. In addition, this review summarizes current knowledge about these diseases, with a focus on the dopaminergic pathway underlying these pathologies. Major attention is paid to the structure, function, and pharmacology of novel D2 R ligands, which have been developed in the last decade (2010-2021), and belong to the 1,4-disubstituted aromatic cyclic amine group. Due to the abundance of data, allosteric D2 R ligands and D2 R modulators from patents are not discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radomir Juza
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Musilek
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Mezeiova
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Experimental Neurobiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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5
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Myslivecek J. Dopamine and Dopamine-Related Ligands Can Bind Not Only to Dopamine Receptors. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050606. [PMID: 35629274 PMCID: PMC9147915 DOI: 10.3390/life12050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system is one of the most important neurotransmitter systems in the central nervous system (CNS). It acts mainly by activation of the D1-like receptor family at the target cell. Additionally, fine-tuning of the signal is achieved via pre-synaptic modulation by the D2-like receptor family. Some dopamine drugs (both agonists and antagonists) bind in addition to DRs also to α2-ARs and 5-HT receptors. Unfortunately, these compounds are often considered subtype(s) specific. Thus, it is important to consider the presence of these receptor subtypes in specific CNS areas as the function virtually elicited by one receptor type could be an effect of other—or the co-effect of multiple receptors. However, there are enough molecules with adequate specificity. In this review, we want to give an overview of the most common off-targets for established dopamine receptor ligands. To give an overall picture, we included a discussion on subtype selectivity. Molecules used as antipsychotic drugs are reviewed too. Therefore, we will summarize reported affinities and give an outline of molecules sufficiently specific for one or more subtypes (i.e., for subfamily), the presence of DR, α2-ARs, and 5-HT receptors in CNS areas, which could help avoid ambiguous results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Myslivecek
- Institute of Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov 5, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic
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6
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Pietruś W, Kurczab R, Stumpfe D, Bojarski AJ, Bajorath J. Data-Driven Analysis of Fluorination of Ligands of Aminergic G Protein Coupled Receptors. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1647. [PMID: 34827645 PMCID: PMC8615825 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, G protein-coupled receptors are the targets with the highest number of drugs in many therapeutic areas. Fluorination has become a common strategy in designing highly active biological compounds, as evidenced by the steadily increasing number of newly approved fluorine-containing drugs. Herein, we identified in the ChEMBL database and analysed 1554 target-based FSAR sets (non-fluorinated compounds and their fluorinated analogues) comprising 966 unique non-fluorinated and 2457 unique fluorinated compounds active against 33 different aminergic GPCRs. Although a relatively small number of activity cliffs (defined as a pair of structurally similar compounds showing significant differences of activity -ΔpPot > 1.7) was found in FSAR sets, it is clear that appropriately introduced fluorine can increase ligand potency more than 50-fold. The analysis of matched molecular pairs (MMPs) networks indicated that the fluorination of the aromatic ring showed no clear trend towards a positive or negative effect on affinity; however, a favourable site for a positive potency effect of fluorination was the ortho position. Fluorination of aliphatic fragments more often led to a decrease in biological activity. The results may constitute the rules of thumb for fluorination of aminergic receptor ligands and provide insights into the role of fluorine substitutions in medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Pietruś
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (W.P.); (A.J.B.)
- Department of Life Science Informatics, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, B-IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (W.P.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Dagmar Stumpfe
- Department of Life Science Informatics, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, B-IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (W.P.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department of Life Science Informatics, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, B-IT, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Friedrich-Hirzebruch-Allee 6, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
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7
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Shaik AB, Boateng CA, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A, Cao J, Chen L, Chitsazi R, Ravi S, Lee KH, Shi L, Newman AH. Structure Activity Relationships for a Series of Eticlopride-Based Dopamine D 2/D 3 Receptor Bitopic Ligands. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15313-15333. [PMID: 34636551 PMCID: PMC9617622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) in complex with eticlopride inspired the design of bitopic ligands that explored (1) N-alkylation of the eticlopride's pyrrolidine ring, (2) shifting of the position of the pyrrolidine nitrogen, (3) expansion of the pyrrolidine ring system, and (4) incorporation of O-alkylations at the 4-position. Structure activity relationships (SAR) revealed that moving the N- or expanding the pyrrolidine ring was detrimental to D2R/D3R binding affinities. Small pyrrolidine N-alkyl groups were poorly tolerated, but the addition of a linker and secondary pharmacophore (SP) improved affinities. Moreover, O-alkylated analogues showed higher binding affinities compared to analogously N-alkylated compounds, e.g., O-alkylated 33 (D3R, 0.436 nM and D2R, 1.77 nM) vs the N-alkylated 11 (D3R, 6.97 nM and D2R, 25.3 nM). All lead molecules were functional D2R/D3R antagonists. Molecular models confirmed that 4-position modifications would be well-tolerated for future D2R/D3R bioconjugate tools that require long linkers and or sterically bulky groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Comfort A. Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Rezvan Chitsazi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Saiprasad Ravi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse − Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
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Bonifazi A, Newman AH, Keck TM, Gervasoni S, Vistoli G, Del Bello F, Giorgioni G, Pavletić P, Quaglia W, Piergentili A. Scaffold Hybridization Strategy Leads to the Discovery of Dopamine D 3 Receptor-Selective or Multitarget Bitopic Ligands Potentially Useful for Central Nervous System Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:3638-3649. [PMID: 34529404 PMCID: PMC8498988 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
![]()
In the search for
novel bitopic compounds targeting the dopamine
D3 receptor (D3R), the N-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)piperazine
nucleus (primary pharmacophore) has been linked to the 6,6- or 5,5-diphenyl-1,4-dioxane-2-carboxamide
or the 1,4-benzodioxane-2-carboxamide scaffold (secondary pharmacophore)
by an unsubstituted or 3-F-/3-OH-substituted butyl chain. This scaffold
hybridization strategy led to the discovery of potent D3R-selective or multitarget ligands potentially useful for central
nervous system disorders. In particular, the 6,6-diphenyl-1,4-dioxane
derivative 3 showed a D3R-preferential profile,
while an interesting multitarget behavior has been highlighted for
the 5,5-diphenyl-1,4-dioxane and 1,4-benzodioxane derivatives 6 and 9, respectively, which displayed potent
D2R antagonism, 5-HT1AR and D4R agonism,
as well as potent D3R partial agonism. They also behaved
as low-potency 5-HT2AR antagonists and 5-HT2CR partial agonists. Such a profile might be a promising starting
point for the discovery of novel antipsychotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Amy H. Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M. Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, 201 Mullica Hill Rd, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Silvia Gervasoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 25, Milano 20133, Italy
| | - Fabio Del Bello
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Gianfabio Giorgioni
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Pegi Pavletić
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Wilma Quaglia
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
| | - Alessandro Piergentili
- School of Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry Unit, University of Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, Camerino 62032, Italy
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9
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Podlewska S, Bugno R, Lacivita E, Leopoldo M, Bojarski AJ, Handzlik J. Low Basicity as a Characteristic for Atypical Ligands of Serotonin Receptor 5-HT2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031035. [PMID: 33494248 PMCID: PMC7864501 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin receptors are extensively examined by academic and industrial researchers, due to their vital roles, which they play in the organism and constituting therefore important drug targets. Up to very recently, it was assumed that the basic nitrogen in compound structure is a necessary component to make it active within this receptor system. Such nitrogen interacts in its protonated form with the aspartic acid from the third transmembrane helix (D3x32) forming a hydrogen bond tightly fitting the ligand in the protein binding site. However, there are several recent studies that report strong serotonin receptor affinity also for compounds without a basic moiety in their structures. In the study, we carried out a comprehensive in silico analysis of the low-basicity phenomenon of the selected serotonin receptor ligands. We focused on the crystallized representatives of the proteins of 5-HT1B, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C receptors, and examined the problem both from the ligand- and structure-based perspectives. The study was performed for the native proteins, and for D3x32A mutants. The investigation resulted in the determination of nonstandard structural requirements for activity towards serotonin receptors, which can be used in the design of new nonbasic ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabina Podlewska
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Enza Lacivita
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Marcello Leopoldo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy; (E.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Andrzej J. Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (R.B.); (A.J.B.)
| | - Jadwiga Handzlik
- Department of Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (S.P.); (J.H.); Tel.: +48-12-66-23-301 (S.P.); +48-12-620-55-84 (J.H.)
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10
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Newman AH, Battiti FO, Bonifazi A. 2016 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Designing Bivalent or Bitopic Molecules for G-Protein Coupled Receptors. The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts. J Med Chem 2020; 63:1779-1797. [PMID: 31499001 PMCID: PMC8281448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genesis of designing bivalent or bitopic molecules that engender unique pharmacological properties began with Portoghese's work directed toward opioid receptors, in the early 1980s. This strategy has evolved as an attractive way to engineer highly selective compounds for targeted G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) with optimized efficacies and/or signaling bias. The emergence of X-ray crystal structures of many GPCRs and the identification of both orthosteric and allosteric binding sites have provided further guidance to ligand drug design that includes a primary pharmacophore (PP), a secondary pharmacophore (SP), and a linker between them. It is critical to note the synergistic relationship among all three of these components as they contribute to the overall interaction of these molecules with their receptor proteins and that strategically designed combinations have and will continue to provide the GPCR molecular tools of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Corresponding author: Amy H. Newman: Phone: (443)-740-2887. Fax: (443)-740-2111.
| | - Francisco O. Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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11
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Shaik AB, Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Guerrero AM, Cemaj SL, Gadiano A, Lam J, Xi ZX, Rais R, Slusher BS, Newman AH. Investigation of Novel Primary and Secondary Pharmacophores and 3-Substitution in the Linking Chain of a Series of Highly Selective and Bitopic Dopamine D 3 Receptor Antagonists and Partial Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:9061-9077. [PMID: 31526003 PMCID: PMC8830247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine D3 receptors (D3R) play a critical role in neuropsychiatric conditions including substance use disorders (SUD). Recently, we reported a series of N-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide analogues as high affinity and selective D3R lead molecules for the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD). Further optimization led to a series of analogues that replaced the 3-OH with a 3-F in the linker between the primary pharmacophore (PP) and secondary pharmacophore (SP). Among the 3-F-compounds, 9b demonstrated the highest D3R binding affinity (Ki = 0.756 nM) and was 327-fold selective for D3R over D2R. In addition, modification of the PP or SP with a 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl group was also examined. Further, an enantioselective synthesis as well as chiral HPLC methods were developed to give enantiopure R- and S-enantiomers of the four lead compounds. Off-target binding affinities, functional efficacies, and metabolic profiles revealed critical structural components for D3R selectivity as well as drug-like features required for development as pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anver Basha Shaik
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Adrian M. Guerrero
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sophie L. Cemaj
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alexandra Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S. Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse−Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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12
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Battiti FO, Cemaj SL, Guerrero AM, Shaik AB, Lam J, Rais R, Slusher BS, Deschamps JR, Imler GH, Newman AH, Bonifazi A. The Significance of Chirality in Drug Design and Synthesis of Bitopic Ligands as D 3 Receptor (D 3R) Selective Agonists. J Med Chem 2019; 62:6287-6314. [PMID: 31257877 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Because of the large degree of homology among dopamine D2-like receptors, discovering ligands capable of discriminating between the D2, D3, and D4 receptor subtypes remains a significant challenge. Previous work has exemplified the use of bitopic ligands as a powerful strategy in achieving subtype selectivity for agonists and antagonists alike. Inspired by the potential for chemical modification of the D3 preferential agonists (+)-PD128,907 (1) and PF592,379 (2), we synthesized bitopic structures to further improve their D3R selectivity. We found that the (2S,5S) conformation of scaffold 2 resulted in a privileged architecture with increased affinity and selectivity for the D3R. In addition, a cyclopropyl moiety incorporated into the linker and full resolution of the chiral centers resulted in lead compound 53 and eutomer 53a that demonstrate significantly higher D3R binding selectivities than the reference compounds. Moreover, the favorable metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes supports future studies in in vivo models of dopamine system dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco O Battiti
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Sophie L Cemaj
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Adrian M Guerrero
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Anver Basha Shaik
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States.,Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery Program , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street , Baltimore , Maryland 21205 , United States
| | - Jeffery R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue , Washington, DC 20375 , United States
| | - Greg H Imler
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 6910, 4555 Overlook Avenue , Washington, DC 20375 , United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program , National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive , Baltimore , Maryland 21224 , United States
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13
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Manvich DF, Petko AK, Branco RC, Foster SL, Porter-Stransky KA, Stout KA, Newman AH, Miller GW, Paladini CA, Weinshenker D. Selective D 2 and D 3 receptor antagonists oppositely modulate cocaine responses in mice via distinct postsynaptic mechanisms in nucleus accumbens. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1445-1455. [PMID: 30879021 PMCID: PMC6785094 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0371-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) has emerged as a promising pharmacotherapeutic target for the treatment of several diseases including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, and substance use disorders. However, studies investigating the D3R's precise role in dopamine neurotransmission or how it may be exploited to modulate responses to drugs of abuse have produced contrasting results, in part because most D3R-targeted compounds often also interact with D2 receptors (D2R). To resolve this issue, we set out to systematically characterize and compare the consequences of selective D2R or D3R antagonists on the behavioral-stimulant properties of cocaine in mice, and to identify putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying their behavior-modifying effects. Pretreatment with the selective D2R antagonist L-741,626 attenuated, while pretreatment with the selective D3R antagonist PG01037 enhanced, the locomotor-activating effects of both acute cocaine administration as well as sensitization following repeated cocaine dosing. While both antagonists potentiated cocaine-induced increases in presynaptic dopamine release, we report for the first time that D3R blockade uniquely facilitated dopamine-mediated excitation of D1-expressing medium spiny neurons in the nucleus accumbens. Collectively, our results demonstrate that selective D3R antagonism potentiates the behavioral-stimulant effects of cocaine in mice, an effect that is in direct opposition to that produced by selective D2R antagonism or nonselective D2-like receptor antagonists, and is likely mediated by facilitating D1-mediated excitation in the nucleus accumbens. These findings provide novel insights into the neuropharmacological actions of D3R antagonists on mesolimbic dopamine neurotransmission and their potential utility as pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Manvich
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ, 08084, USA
| | - Alyssa K Petko
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio Neuroscience Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - Rachel C Branco
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Stephanie L Foster
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Kirsten A Porter-Stransky
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Western Michigan University Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008, USA
| | - Kristen A Stout
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Physiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Carlos A Paladini
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio Neuroscience Institute, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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14
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Larson TA, Winkler MC, Stafford J, Levis SC, O’Neill CE, Bachtell RK. Role of dopamine D 2-like receptors and their modulation by adenosine receptor stimulation in the reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1207-1218. [PMID: 30470862 PMCID: PMC6533169 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-5126-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVE Previous work has demonstrated that dopamine and adenosine receptors are involved in drug-seeking behaviors, yet the pharmacological interactions between these receptors in methamphetamine (MA) seeking are not well characterized. The present studies examined the role of the dopamine D2-like receptors in MA seeking and identified the interactive effects of adenosine receptor stimulation. METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to lever press for MA in daily 2-h self-administration sessions on a fixed-ratio 1 schedule for 10 consecutive days. After 1 day of abstinence, lever pressing was extinguished in six daily extinction sessions. Treatments were administered systemically prior to a 2-h reinstatement test session. RESULTS An increase in MA seeking was observed following the administration of the dopamine D2-like agonist, quinpirole, or the D3 receptor agonist, 7-OH-DPAT. Stimulation of D2 or D4 receptors was ineffective at inducing MA seeking. Quinpirole-induced MA seeking was inhibited by D3 receptor antagonism (SB-77011A or PG01037), an adenosine A1 agonist, CPA, and an adenosine A2A agonist, CGS 21680. MA seeking induced by a MA priming injection or D3 receptor stimulation was inhibited by a pretreatment with the adenosine A1 agonist, CPA, but not the adenosine A2A agonist, CGS 21680. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate the sufficiency of dopamine D3 receptors to reinstate MA seeking that is inhibited when combined with adenosine A1 receptor stimulation.
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15
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Czoty PW, John WS, Newman AH, Nader MA. Yawning elicited by intravenous ethanol in rhesus monkeys with experience self-administering cocaine and ethanol: Involvement of dopamine D 3 receptors. Alcohol 2018; 69:1-5. [PMID: 29550583 PMCID: PMC5904012 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of the effects of long-term alcohol consumption on the brain would be aided by the development of behavioral assays that are relatively easy to implement in animal models of alcohol use disorders. Assessing unconditioned behaviors, such as drug-elicited yawning in models that permit long-term alcohol ingestion, may be a valuable complement to more invasive and costly procedures. The present studies investigated previous unexpected findings of ethanol-induced yawning in nonhuman primates. Subjects were adult male rhesus monkeys (n = 8), all of which had experience self-administering intravenous cocaine for several years. Four monkeys also had experience consuming 2.0 g/kg ethanol over 1 h per day, 5 days per week, for 6.8-12.0 months. All monkeys received saline or ethanol (0.25-1.0 g/kg) infused intravenously (i.v.) over 10 min, and the number of yawns elicited during the infusion was counted. A second experiment in the ethanol-experienced monkeys examined whether ethanol-induced yawning could be blocked by PG01037 (1.0, 3.0 mg/kg, i.v.), a selective antagonist at dopamine D3 receptors (D3R). Ethanol significantly and dose-dependently increased yawns in the ethanol-experienced animals, but not the ethanol-naïve animals. In the ethanol-experienced monkeys, this effect of ethanol was blocked by the D3R antagonist. The pharmacology of yawning is complex and a good deal of model development remains to be performed to characterize the potential involvement of other neurotransmitter systems. Nonetheless, drug-elicited yawning may be a useful unconditioned behavioral assay to assess the effects of long-term alcohol consumption in established nonhuman primate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Czoty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States.
| | - William S John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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16
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Zhou B, Hong KH, Ji M, Cai J. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of structurally constrained hybrid analogues containing ropinirole moiety as a novel class of potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2018; 92:1597-1609. [PMID: 29710404 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Two series of hybrid analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a novel class of selective ligands for the dopamine D3 receptor. Binding affinities of target compounds were determined (using the method of radioligand binding assay). Compared to comparator agent BP897, compounds 2a and 2c were found to demonstrate a considerable binding affinity and selectivity for D3 receptor, and especially compound 2h was similarly potent and more selective D3R ligand than BP897, a positive reference. Thus, they may provide valuable information for the discovery and development of highly potent dopamine D3 receptor ligands with outstanding selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhua Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Kwon Ho Hong
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and the Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Min Ji
- School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Technologies & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Jin Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.,Suzhou Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Technologies & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
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17
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Choi JK, Lim G, Chen YCI, Jenkins BG. Abstinence to chronic methamphetamine switches connectivity between striatal, hippocampal and sensorimotor regions and increases cerebral blood volume response. Neuroimage 2018. [PMID: 29518566 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth), and other psychostimulants such as cocaine, present a persistent problem for society with chronic users being highly prone to relapse. We show, in a chronic methamphetamine administration model, that discontinuation of drug for more than a week produces much larger changes in overall meth-induced brain connectivity and cerebral blood volume (CBV) response than changes that occur immediately following meth administration. Areas showing the largest changes were hippocampal, limbic striatum and sensorimotor cortical regions as well as brain stem areas including the pedunculopontine tegmentum (PPTg) and pontine nuclei - regions known to be important in mediating reinstatement of drug-taking after abstinence. These changes occur concomitantly with behavioral sensitization and appear to be mediated through increases in dopamine D1 and D3 and decreases in D2 receptor protein and mRNA expression. We further identify a novel region of dorsal caudate/putamen, with a low density of calbindin neurons, that has an opposite hemodynamic response to meth than the rest of the caudate/putamen and accumbens and shows very strong correlation with dorsal CA1 and CA3 hippocampus. This correlation switches following meth abstinence from CA1/CA3 to strong connections with ventral hippocampus (ventral subiculum) and nucleus accumbens. These data provide novel evidence for temporal alterations in brain connectivity where chronic meth can subvert hippocampal - striatal interactions from cognitive control regions to regions that mediate drug reinstatement. Our results also demonstrate that the signs and magnitudes of the induced CBV changes following challenge with meth or a D3-preferring agonist are a complementary read out of the relative changes that occur in D1, D2 and D3 receptors using protein or mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Kyung Choi
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Grewo Lim
- Department of Anesthesiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yin-Ching Iris Chen
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Bruce G Jenkins
- A.A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA.
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18
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Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of bitopic arylpiperazine-hexahydro-pyrazinoquinolines as preferential dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:125-135. [PMID: 29353729 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Three series of bitobic arylpiperazine-phenyl-hexahydropyrazinoquino- lines analogues were designed, synthesizedand evaluated as a novel class of selective ligands for the dopamine D3 receptor. Compounds 15a (Ki of 11.7 ± 1.8 and 373 nM at D3 and D2, respectively), 15c (Ki of 5.49 and 264 nM at D3 and D2, respectively), 15e (Ki of 14.9 and 325 nM at D3 and D2, respectively), 15i (Ki of 13.8 and 401 nM at D3 and D2, respectively) and 15l (Ki of 13.6 and 870 nM at D3 and D2, respectively) were found to demonstrate good binding affinity and selectivity, and especially compound 15c showeda similar binding affinity and selectivity compared with the contrast drug BP897.
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19
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Solís O, Garcia-Montes JR, González-Granillo A, Xu M, Moratalla R. Dopamine D3 Receptor Modulates l-DOPA-Induced Dyskinesia by Targeting D1 Receptor-Mediated Striatal Signaling. Cereb Cortex 2018; 27:435-446. [PMID: 26483399 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhv231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) belongs to the dopamine D2-like receptor family and is principally located in the ventral striatum. However, previous studies reported D3R overexpression in the dorsal striatum following l-DOPA treatment in parkinsonian animals. This fact has drawn attention in the importance of D3R in l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Here, we used D3R knockout mice to assess the role of D3R in LID and rotational sensitization in the hemiparkinsonian model. Mice lacking D3R presented a reduction in dyskinesia without interfering with the antiparkinsonian l-DOPA effect and were accompanied by a reduction in the l-DOPA-induced rotations. Interestingly, deleting D3R attenuated important molecular markers in the D1R-neurons such as FosB, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and histone-3 (H3)-activation. Colocalization studies in D1R-tomato and D2R-green fluorescent protein BAC-transgenic mice indicated that l-DOPA-induced D3R overexpression principally occurs in D1R-containing neurons although it is also present in the D2R-neurons. Moreover, D3R pharmacological blockade with PG01037 reduced dyskinesia and the molecular markers expressed in D1R-neurons. In addition, this antagonist further reduced dyskinetic symptoms in D1R heterozygous mice, indicating a direct interaction between D1R and D3R. Together, our results demonstrate that D3R modulates the development of dyskinesia by targeting D1R-mediated intracellular signaling and suggest that decreasing D3R activity may help to ameliorate LID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Solís
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Ruben Garcia-Montes
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aldo González-Granillo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rosario Moratalla
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC, Madrid 28002, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kumar V, Moritz AE, Keck TM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Sibley CD, Free RB, Shi L, Lane JR, Sibley DR, Newman AH. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Novel trans-Cyclopropylmethyl-Linked Bivalent Ligands That Exhibit Selectivity and Allosteric Pharmacology at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor (D 3R). J Med Chem 2017; 60:1478-1494. [PMID: 28186762 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of bitopic ligands directed toward D2-like receptors has proven to be of particular interest to improve the selectivity and/or affinity of these ligands and as an approach to modulate and bias their efficacies. The structural similarities between dopamine D3 receptor (D3R)-selective molecules that display bitopic or allosteric pharmacology and those that are simply competitive antagonists are subtle and intriguing. Herein we synthesized a series of molecules in which the primary and secondary pharmacophores were derived from the D3R-selective antagonists SB269,652 (1) and SB277011A (2) whose structural similarity and pharmacological disparity provided the perfect templates for SAR investigation. Incorporating a trans-cyclopropylmethyl linker between pharmacophores and manipulating linker length resulted in the identification of two bivalent noncompetitive D3R-selective antagonists, 18a and 25a, which further delineates SAR associated with allosterism at D3R and provides leads toward novel drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - J Robert Lane
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University , 399 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health , 35 Convent Drive, MSC-3723, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3723, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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21
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Michino M, Boateng CA, Donthamsetti P, Yano H, Bakare OM, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Kumar V, Zhu C, Verma R, Deschamps JR, Javitch JA, Newman AH, Shi L. Toward Understanding the Structural Basis of Partial Agonism at the Dopamine D 3 Receptor. J Med Chem 2017; 60:580-593. [PMID: 27983845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Both dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) partial agonists and antagonists have been implicated as potential medications for substance use disorders. In contrast to antagonists, partial agonists may cause fewer side effects since they maintain some dopaminergic tone and may be less disruptive to normal neuronal functions. Here, we report three sets of 4-phenylpiperazine stereoisomers that differ considerably in efficacy: the (R)-enantiomers are antagonists/weak partial agonists, whereas the (S)-enantiomers are much more efficacious. To investigate the structural basis of partial agonism, we performed comparative microsecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations starting from the inactive state of D3R in complex with these enantiomers. Analysis of the simulation results reveals common structural rearrangements near the ligand binding site induced by the bound (S)-enantiomers, but not by the (R)-enantiomers, that are features of partially activated receptor conformations. These receptor models bound with partial agonists may be useful for structure-based design of compounds with tailored efficacy profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Comfort A Boateng
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University , One University Parkway, High Point, North Carolina 27268, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Clare Zhu
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ravi Verma
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Unit, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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22
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Kumar V, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Keck TM, Pommier E, Rais R, Slusher BS, Gardner E, You ZB, Xi ZX, Newman AH. Highly Selective Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R) Antagonists and Partial Agonists Based on Eticlopride and the D3R Crystal Structure: New Leads for Opioid Dependence Treatment. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7634-50. [PMID: 27508895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The recent and precipitous increase in opioid analgesic abuse and overdose has inspired investigation of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) as a target for therapeutic intervention. Metabolic instability or predicted toxicity has precluded successful translation of previously reported D3R-selective antagonists to clinical use for cocaine abuse. Herein, we report a series of novel and D3R crystal structure-guided 4-phenylpiperazines with exceptionally high D3R affinities and/or selectivities with varying efficacies. Lead compound 19 was selected based on its in vitro profile: D3R Ki = 6.84 nM, 1700-fold D3R versus D2R binding selectivity, and its metabolic stability in mouse microsomes. Compound 19 inhibited oxycodone-induced hyperlocomotion in mice and reduced oxycodone-induced locomotor sensitization. In addition, pretreatment with 19 also dose-dependently inhibited the acquisition of oxycodone-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in rats. These findings support the D3R as a target for opioid dependence treatment and compound 19 as a new lead molecule for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical & Translational Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University , 201 Mullica Hill Road, Glassboro, New Jersey 08028, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Eliot Gardner
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zhi-Bing You
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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23
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Cortés A, Moreno E, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Canela EI, Casadó V. Targeting the dopamine D3 receptor: an overview of drug design strategies. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:641-64. [PMID: 27135354 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1185413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dopamine is a neurotransmitter widely distributed in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Its physiological effects are mediated by five closely related G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are divided into two major subclasses: the D1-like (D1, D5) and the D2-like (D2, D3, D4) receptors. D3 receptors (D3Rs) have the highest density in the limbic areas of the brain, which are associated with cognitive and emotional functions. These receptors are therefore attractive targets for therapeutic management. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes the functional and pharmacological characteristics of D3Rs, including the design and clinical relevance of full agonists, partial agonists and antagonists, as well as the capacity of these receptors to form active homodimers, heterodimers or higher order receptor complexes as pharmacological targets in several neurological and neurodegenerative disorders. EXPERT OPINION The high sequence homology between D3R and the D2-type challenges the development of D3R-selective compounds. The design of new D3R-preferential ligands with improved physicochemical properties should provide a better pharmacokinetic/bioavailability profile and lesser toxicity than is found with existing D3R ligands. It is also essential to optimize D3R affinity and, especially, D3R vs. D2-type binding and functional selectivity ratios. Developing allosteric and bitopic ligands should help to improve the D3R selectivity of these drugs. As most evidence points to the ability of GPCRs to form homomers and heteromers, the most promising therapeutic strategy in the future is likely to involve the application of heteromer-selective drugs. These selective ligands would display different affinities for a given receptor depending on the receptor partners within the heteromer. Therefore, designing novel compounds that specifically target and modulate D1R-D3R heteromers would be an interesting approach for the treatment of levodopa (L-DOPA)-induced dyskinesias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoni Cortés
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Estefanía Moreno
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Enric I Canela
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Vicent Casadó
- a Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) , Spain.,b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB) , University of Barcelona , Barcelona , Spain
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24
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Butini S, Nikolic K, Kassel S, Brückmann H, Filipic S, Agbaba D, Gemma S, Brogi S, Brindisi M, Campiani G, Stark H. Polypharmacology of dopamine receptor ligands. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:68-103. [PMID: 27234980 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Most neurological diseases have a multifactorial nature and the number of molecular mechanisms discovered as underpinning these diseases is continuously evolving. The old concept of developing selective agents for a single target does not fit with the medical need of most neurological diseases. The development of designed multiple ligands holds great promises and appears as the next step in drug development for the treatment of these multifactorial diseases. Dopamine and its five receptor subtypes are intimately involved in numerous neurological disorders. Dopamine receptor ligands display a high degree of cross interactions with many other targets including G-protein coupled receptors, transporters, enzymes and ion channels. For brain disorders like Parkinsońs disease, schizophrenia and depression the dopaminergic system, being intertwined with many other signaling systems, plays a key role in pathogenesis and therapy. The concept of designed multiple ligands and polypharmacology, which perfectly meets the therapeutic needs for these brain disorders, is herein discussed as a general ligand-based concept while focusing on dopaminergic agents and receptor subtypes in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - K Nikolic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Kassel
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - H Brückmann
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - S Filipic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - D Agbaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - S Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - S Brogi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - M Brindisi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - G Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, European Research Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - H Stark
- Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitaetsstr. 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Nebel N, Maschauer S, Hocke C, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Prante O. Optimization and synthesis of an (18) F-labeled dopamine D3 receptor ligand using [(18) F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic tert-butylester. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2015; 59:48-53. [PMID: 26707848 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
There is still no efficient fluorine-18-labeled dopamine D3 subtype selective receptor ligand for studies with positron emission tomography. We aim at improving the D3 selectivity and hydrophilicity of a candidate ligand by changing the substitution pattern to a 2,3-dichlorophenylpiperazine and hydroxylation of the butyl chain. The compound [(18) F]3 exhibited D3 affinity of Ki = 3.6 nM, increased subtype selectivity (Ki (D2 /D3 ) = 60), and low affinity to 5-HT1A and α1 receptors (Ki (5-HT1A /D3 ) = 34; Ki (α1 /D3 ) = 100). The two-step radiosynthesis was optimized for analog [(18) F]4 by reducing the necessary concentration of the precursor amine (57 mM), which reacted with [(18) F]fluorophenylazocarboxylic tert-butylester under basic conditions. The optimization of the base (Cs 2 CO3 , 23 mM) and the adjustment of reaction temperature led to the radiochemical yield of 63% after 5 min at 35°C. The optimized reaction conditions were transferred on to the synthesis of [(18) F]3 with an overall non-decay corrected yield of 8-12% in a specific activity of 32-102 GBq/µmol after a total synthesis time of 30-35 min. This provides a D 3 radioligand candidate with improved attributes concerning selectivity and radiosynthesis for further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Nebel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Maschauer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carsten Hocke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Harald Hübner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Gmeiner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Medicinal Chemistry, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schuhstrasse 19, D-91052, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Prante
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Molecular Imaging and Radiochemistry, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Schwabachanlage 6, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Synthesis and evaluation of fluoro substituted pyridinylcarboxamides and their phenylazo analogues for potential dopamine D3 receptor PET imaging. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 24:5399-403. [PMID: 25453796 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of fluoro substituted pyridinylcarboxamides and their phenylazo analogues with high affinity and selectivity for the dopamine D3 receptor was synthesized by the use of 6-fluoropyridine-3-carbonyl chloride (1) and fluorophenylazocarboxylic ester (2). Several of these compounds (9a-e and 10a-h) have been evaluated in vitro, among which 9b, 10a, 10c and 10d proved to have at least single-digit nanomolar affinity for D3. They also exhibit considerable selectivity over the other dopamine receptor subtypes and noteworthy selectivity over the structurally related serotonin receptor subtypes 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT₂, offering potential radiotracers for positron emission tomography.
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27
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Furman CA, Roof RA, Moritz AE, Miller BN, Doyle TB, Free RB, Banala AK, Paul NM, Kumar V, Sibley CD, Newman AH, Sibley DR. Investigation of the binding and functional properties of extended length D3 dopamine receptor-selective antagonists. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 25:1448-61. [PMID: 25583363 PMCID: PMC4449328 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The D3 dopamine receptor represents an important target in drug addiction in that reducing receptor activity may attenuate the self-administration of drugs and/or disrupt drug or cue-induced relapse. Medicinal chemistry efforts have led to the development of D3 preferring antagonists and partial agonists that are >100-fold selective vs. the closely related D2 receptor, as best exemplified by extended-length 4-phenylpiperazine derivatives. Based on the D3 receptor crystal structure, these molecules are known to dock to two sites on the receptor where the 4-phenylpiperazine moiety binds to the orthosteric site and an extended aryl amide moiety docks to a secondary binding pocket. The bivalent nature of the receptor binding of these compounds is believed to contribute to their D3 selectivity. In this study, we examined if such compounds might also be "bitopic" such that their aryl amide moieties act as allosteric modulators to further enhance the affinities of the full-length molecules for the receptor. First, we deconstructed several extended-length D3-selective ligands into fragments, termed "synthons", representing either orthosteric or secondary aryl amide pharmacophores and investigated their effects on D3 receptor binding and function. The orthosteric synthons were found to inhibit radioligand binding and to antagonize dopamine activation of the D3 receptor, albeit with lower affinities than the full-length compounds. Notably, the aryl amide-based synthons had no effect on the affinities or potencies of the orthosteric synthons, nor did they have any effect on receptor activation by dopamine. Additionally, pharmacological investigation of the full-length D3-selective antagonists revealed that these compounds interacted with the D3 receptor in a purely competitive manner. Our data further support that the 4-phenylpiperazine D3-selective antagonists are bivalent and that their enhanced affinity for the D3 receptor is due to binding at both the orthosteric site as well as a secondary binding pocket. Importantly, however, their interactions at the secondary site do not allosterically modulate their binding to the orthosteric site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryse A Furman
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca A Roof
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy E Moritz
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brittney N Miller
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Trevor B Doyle
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Benjamin Free
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noel M Paul
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher D Sibley
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - David R Sibley
- Molecular Neuropharmacology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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28
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Boateng CA, Bakare OM, Zhan J, Banala AK, Burzynski C, Pommier E, Keck TM, Donthamsetti P, Javitch JA, Rais R, Slusher BS, Xi ZX, Newman AH. High Affinity Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R)-Selective Antagonists Attenuate Heroin Self-Administration in Wild-Type but not D3R Knockout Mice. J Med Chem 2015. [PMID: 26203768 PMCID: PMC4937837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a promising
target for the development of pharmacotherapeutics to treat substance
use disorders. Several D3R-selective antagonists are effective
in animal models of drug abuse, especially in models of relapse. Nevertheless,
poor bioavailability, metabolic instability, and/or predicted toxicity
have impeded success in translating these drug candidates to clinical
use. Herein, we report a series of D3R-selective 4-phenylpiperazines
with improved metabolic stability. A subset of these compounds was
evaluated for D3R functional efficacy and off-target binding
at selected 5-HT receptor subtypes, where significant overlap in SAR
with D3R has been observed. Several high affinity D3R antagonists, including compounds 16 (Ki = 0.12 nM) and 32 (Ki = 0.35 nM), showed improved metabolic stability
compared to the parent compound, PG648 (6). Notably, 16 and the classic D3R antagonist SB277011A (2) were effective in reducing self-administration of heroin
in wild-type but not D3R knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Comfort A Boateng
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jia Zhan
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Elie Pommier
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Thomas M Keck
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Prashant Donthamsetti
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- ∥Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- §Department of Neurology, Brain Science Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse- Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Bartuschat AL, Schellhorn T, Hübner H, Gmeiner P, Heinrich MR. Fluoro-substituted phenylazocarboxamides: Dopaminergic behavior and N-arylating properties for irreversible binding. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:3938-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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John WS, Newman AH, Nader MA. Differential effects of the dopamine D3 receptor antagonist PG01037 on cocaine and methamphetamine self-administration in rhesus monkeys. Neuropharmacology 2015; 92:34-43. [PMID: 25576373 PMCID: PMC4346463 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) has been shown to mediate many of the behavioral effects of psychostimulants associated with high abuse potential. This study extended the assessment of the highly selective D3R antagonist PG01037 on cocaine and methamphetamine (MA) self-administration to include a food-drug choice procedure. Eight male rhesus monkeys (n=4/group) served as subjects in which complete cocaine and MA dose-response curves were determined daily in each session. When choice was stable, monkeys received acute and five-day treatment of PG01037 (1.0-5.6 mg/kg, i.v.). Acute administration of PG01037 was effective in reallocating choice from cocaine to food and decreasing cocaine intake, however, tolerance developed by day 5 of treatment. Up to doses that disrupted responding, MA choice and intake were not affected by PG01037 treatment. PG01037 decreased total reinforcers earned per session and the behavioral potency was significantly greater on MA-food choice compared to cocaine-food choice. Furthermore, the acute efficacy of PG01037 was correlated with the sensitivity of the D3/D2R agonist quinpirole to elicit yawning. These data suggest (1) that efficacy of D3R compounds in decreasing drug choice is greater in subjects with lower D3R, perhaps suggesting that it is percent occupancy that is the critical variable in determining efficacy and (2) differences in D3R activity in chronic cocaine vs. MA users. Although tolerance developed to the effects of PG01037 treatment on cocaine choice, tolerance did not develop to the disruptive effects on food-maintained responding. These findings suggest that combination treatments that decrease cocaine-induced elevations in DA may enhance the efficacy of D3R antagonists on cocaine self-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Michael A Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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Czoty PW, Nader MA. Effects of oral and intravenous administration of buspirone on food-cocaine choice in socially housed male cynomolgus monkeys. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1072-83. [PMID: 25393717 PMCID: PMC4367460 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Drugs acting at D3 dopamine receptors have been suggested as medications for cocaine dependence. These experiments examined the effects of intravenously and orally administered buspirone, a D2-like receptor antagonist with high affinity for D3 and D4 receptors, on the relative reinforcing strength of cocaine in group-housed male cynomolgus monkeys. Use of socially housed monkeys permitted the assessment of whether social status, known to influence D2-like receptor availability, modulates the behavioral effects of buspirone. Buspirone was administered acutely to monkeys self-administering cocaine under a food-drug choice procedure in which a cocaine self-administration dose-effect curve was determined daily. When administered by either route, buspirone significantly decreased cocaine choice in dominant-ranked monkeys. In subordinate monkeys, however, i.v. buspirone was ineffective on average, and oral buspirone increased choice of lower cocaine doses. The effects of buspirone only differed according to route of administration in subordinate monkeys. Moreover, it is noteworthy that the effects of buspirone were similar to those of the D3 receptor-selective antagonist PG01037 and qualitatively different than those of less selective drugs that act at D2-like or serotonin (5-HT)1A receptors, suggesting a D3 and possibly D4 receptor mechanism of action for buspirone. Taken together, the data support the utility of drugs targeting D3/D4 receptors as potential treatments for cocaine addiction, particularly in combination with enriching environmental manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Czoty
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Michael A Nader
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA, Tel: +1 336 713 7172, Fax: +1 336 713 7180, E-mail:
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John WS, Banala AK, Newman AH, Nader MA. Effects of buspirone and the dopamine D3 receptor compound PG619 on cocaine and methamphetamine self-administration in rhesus monkeys using a food-drug choice paradigm. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:1279-89. [PMID: 25327444 PMCID: PMC4754084 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3760-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The dopamine (DA) D2 and D3 receptors have been associated with cocaine abuse. A recent study with the D3 receptor (D3R) partial agonist PG619 found that it attenuated cocaine-induced reinstatement and the D2-like receptor antagonist buspirone has shown positive outcomes in two studies of cocaine abuse in monkeys. However, a recent clinical trial indicated that buspirone did not improve abstinence in treatment-seeking cocaine abusers. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to examine PG619 and buspirone under a food-drug choice paradigm in order to better model the clinical findings. In addition, we extended the characterization of both compounds to include methamphetamine (MA) self-administration (SA). METHODS Six adult male rhesus monkeys were trained to respond under a concurrent food (1.0-g pellets) and drug (0.01-0.3 mg/kg/injection cocaine or MA) choice paradigm in which complete SA dose-response curves were determined each session (N = 3/group). Monkeys received 5 days of treatment with either PG619 (0.1-3.0 mg/kg, i.v.) or buspirone (0.01-1.0 mg/kg, i.m.). In a follow-up study, the SA doses were reduced (0.003-0.1 mg/kg/injection) to increase reinforcement frequency and buspirone was retested. RESULTS PG619 did not affect cocaine or MA choice, while buspirone increased low-dose cocaine choice. Changing the SA doses increased the number of reinforcers received each session, but buspirone did not decrease drug choice. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with clinical findings, these results do not support the use of buspirone for psychostimulant abuse and suggest that food-drug choice paradigms may have greater predictive validity than the use of other schedules of reinforcement.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S. John
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest, University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Banala
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications, Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural, Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy H. Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications, Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural, Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest, University School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1083, USA
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Keck TM, John WS, Czoty PW, Nader MA, Newman AH. Identifying Medication Targets for Psychostimulant Addiction: Unraveling the Dopamine D3 Receptor Hypothesis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:5361-80. [PMID: 25826710 PMCID: PMC4516313 DOI: 10.1021/jm501512b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target for developing medications to treat substance use disorders. D3R-selective compounds with high affinity and varying efficacies have been discovered, providing critical research tools for cell-based studies that have been translated to in vivo models of drug abuse. D3R antagonists and partial agonists have shown especially promising results in rodent models of relapse-like behavior, including stress-, drug-, and cue-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. However, to date, translation to human studies has been limited. Herein, we present an overview and illustrate some of the pitfalls and challenges of developing novel D3R-selective compounds toward clinical utility, especially for treatment of cocaine abuse. Future research and development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists for substance abuse remains critically important but will also require further evaluation and development of translational animal models to determine the best time in the addiction cycle to target D3Rs for optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - William S John
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Paul W Czoty
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Michael A Nader
- §Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1083, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- †Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Keck TM, Banala AK, Slack RD, Burzynski C, Bonifazi A, Okunola-Bakare OM, Moore M, Deschamps JR, Rais R, Slusher BS, Newman AH. Using click chemistry toward novel 1,2,3-triazole-linked dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4000-12. [PMID: 25650314 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. A common molecular template used in the development of D3R-selective antagonists and partial agonists incorporates a butylamide linker between two pharmacophores, a phenylpiperazine moiety and an extended aryl ring system. The series of compounds described herein incorporates a change to that chemical template, replacing the amide functional group in the linker chain with a 1,2,3-triazole group. Although the amide linker in the 4-phenylpiperazine class of D3R ligands has been previously deemed critical for high D3R affinity and selectivity, the 1,2,3-triazole moiety serves as a suitable bioisosteric replacement and maintains desired D3R-binding functionality of the compounds. Additionally, using mouse liver microsomes to evaluate CYP450-mediated phase I metabolism, we determined that novel 1,2,3-triazole-containing compounds modestly improves metabolic stability compared to amide-containing analogues. The 1,2,3-triazole moiety allows for the modular attachment of chemical subunit libraries using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition click chemistry, increasing the range of chemical entities that can be designed, synthesized, and developed toward D3R-selective therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Ashwini K Banala
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Rachel D Slack
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Okunola-Bakare
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Martin Moore
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Jeffrey R Deschamps
- Naval Research Laboratory, Code 6930, 4555 Overlook Avenue, Washington, DC 20375, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205 United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States.
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Keck TM, Burzynski C, Shi L, Newman AH. Beyond small-molecule SAR: using the dopamine D3 receptor crystal structure to guide drug design. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 69:267-300. [PMID: 24484980 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-420118-7.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor is a target of pharmacotherapeutic interest in a variety of neurological disorders including schizophrenia, restless leg syndrome, and drug addiction. The high protein sequence homology between the D3 and D2 receptors has posed a challenge to developing D3 receptor-selective ligands whose behavioral actions can be attributed to D3 receptor engagement, in vivo. However, through primarily small-molecule structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, a variety of chemical scaffolds have been discovered over the past two decades that have resulted in several D3 receptor-selective ligands with high affinity and in vivo activity. Nevertheless, viable clinical candidates remain limited. The recent determination of the high-resolution crystal structure of the D3 receptor has invigorated structure-based drug design, providing refinements to the molecular dynamic models and testable predictions about receptor-ligand interactions. This chapter will highlight recent preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating potential utility of D3 receptor-selective ligands in the treatment of addiction. In addition, new structure-based rational drug design strategies for D3 receptor-selective ligands that complement traditional small-molecule SAR to improve the selectivity and directed efficacy profiles are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Keck
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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36
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Yan Y, Newman AH, Xu M. Dopamine D1 and D3 receptors mediate reconsolidation of cocaine memories in mouse models of drug self-administration. Neuroscience 2014; 278:154-64. [PMID: 25149631 PMCID: PMC4172503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Memories of drug experience and drug-associated environmental cues can elicit drug-seeking and taking behaviors in humans. Disruption of reconsolidation of drug memories dampens previous memories and therefore may provide a useful way to treat drug abuse. We and others previously demonstrated that dopamine D1 and D3 receptors play differential roles in acquiring cocaine-induced behaviors. Moreover, D3 receptors contribute to the reconsolidation of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference. In the present study, we examined effects of manipulating D1 or D3 receptors on reconsolidation of cocaine memories in mouse models of drug self-administration. We found that pharmacological blockade of D1 receptors or a genetic mutation of the D3 receptor gene attenuated reconsolidation that lasted for at least 1week after the memory retrieval. In contrast, with no memory retrieval, pharmacological antagonism of D1 receptors or the D3 receptor gene mutation did not significantly affect reconsolidation of cocaine memories. Pharmacological blockade of D3 receptors also attenuated reconsolidation in wild-type mice that lasted for at least 1week after the memory retrieval. These results suggest that D1 and D3 receptors and related signaling mechanisms play key roles in reconsolidation of cocaine memories in mice, and that these receptors may serve as novel targets for the treatment of cocaine abuse in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A H Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Xu
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Ananthan S, Saini SK, Zhou G, Hobrath JV, Padmalayam I, Zhai L, Bostwick JR, Antonio T, Reith MEA, McDowell S, Cho E, McAleer L, Taylor M, Luedtke RR. Design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship studies of a series of [4-(4-carboxamidobutyl)]-1-arylpiperazines: insights into structural features contributing to dopamine D3 versus D2 receptor subtype selectivity. J Med Chem 2014; 57:7042-60. [PMID: 25126833 PMCID: PMC4148173 DOI: 10.1021/jm500801r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Antagonist and partial agonist modulators
of the dopamine D3 receptor
(D3R) have emerged as promising therapeutics for the treatment of
substance abuse and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, development
of druglike lead compounds with selectivity for the D3 receptor has
been challenging because of the high sequence homology between the
D3R and the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R). In this effort, we synthesized
a series of acylaminobutylpiperazines incorporating aza-aromatic units
and evaluated their binding and functional activities at the D3 and
D2 receptors. Docking studies and results from evaluations against
a set of chimeric and mutant receptors suggest that interactions at
the extracellular end of TM7 contribute to the D3R versus D2R selectivity
of these ligands. Molecular insights from this study could potentially
enable rational design of potent and selective D3R ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Ananthan
- Organic Chemistry Department, Southern Research Institute , Birmingham, Alabama 35205, United States
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Le Foll B, Wilson AA, Graff A, Boileau I, Di Ciano P. Recent methods for measuring dopamine D3 receptor occupancy in vivo: importance for drug development. Front Pharmacol 2014; 5:161. [PMID: 25071579 PMCID: PMC4090596 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2014.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is considerable interest in developing highly selective dopamine (DA) D3 receptor ligands for a variety of mental health disorders. DA D3 receptors have been implicated in Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and substance use disorders. The most concrete evidence suggests a role for the D3 receptor in drug-seeking behaviors. D3 receptors are a subtype of D2 receptors, and traditionally the functional role of these two receptors has been difficult to differentiate. Over the past 10-15 years a number of compounds selective for D3 over D2 receptors have been developed. However, translating these findings into clinical research has been difficult as many of these compounds cannot be used in humans. Therefore, the functional data involving the D3 receptor in drug addiction mostly comes from pre-clinical studies. Recently, with the advent of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO, it has become possible to image D3 receptors in the human brain with increased selectivity and sensitivity. This is a significant innovation over traditional methods such as [(11)C]-raclopride that cannot differentiate between D2 and D3 receptors. The use of [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO will allow for further delineation of the role of D3 receptors. Here, we review recent evidence that the role of the D3 receptor has functional importance and is distinct from the role of the D2 receptor. We then introduce the utility of analyzing [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding by region of interest. This novel methodology can be used in pre-clinical and clinical approaches for the measurement of occupancy of both D3 and D2 receptors. Evidence that [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO can provide insights into the function of D3 receptors in addiction is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Addiction Medicine Services, Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatments, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alan A Wilson
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff
- Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Brain and Therapeutics, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada ; Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Di Ciano
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto, ON, Canada
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Chen J, Levant B, Jiang C, Keck TM, Newman AH, Wang S. Tranylcypromine substituted cis-hydroxycyclobutylnaphthamides as potent and selective dopamine D₃ receptor antagonists. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4962-8. [PMID: 24848155 PMCID: PMC4216217 DOI: 10.1021/jm401798r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
![]()
We
report a class of potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor
antagonists based upon tranylcypromine. Although tranylcypromine
has a low affinity for the rat D3 receptor (Ki = 12.8 μM), our efforts have yielded (1R,2S)-11 (CJ-1882), which
has Ki values of 2.7 and 2.8 nM at the
rat and human dopamine D3 receptors, respectively, and
displays respective selectivities of >10000-fold and 223-fold over
the rat and human D2 receptors. Evaluation in a β-arrestin
functional assay showed that (1R,2S)-11 is a potent and competitive antagonist at the human
D3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- Departments of Internal Medicine, Pharmacology, and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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40
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Du P, Xu L, Huang J, Yu K, Zhao R, Gao B, Jiang H, Zhao W, Zhen X, Fu W. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of indolebutylamines as a novel class of selective dopamine D3 receptor ligands. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 82:326-35. [PMID: 23663349 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of indolebutylamine derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a novel class of selective ligands for the dopamine 3 receptor. The most potent compound 11q binds to dopamine 3 receptor with a Ki value of 124 nm and displays excellent selectivity over the dopamine 1 receptor and dopamine 2 receptor. Investigation based on structural information indicates that site S182 located in extracellular loop 2 may account for high selectivity of compounds. Interaction models of the dopamine 3 receptor-11q complex and structure-activity relationships were discussed by integrating all available experimental and computational data with the eventual aim to discover potent and selective ligands to dopamine 3 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201203, China
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41
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Galaj E, Ananthan S, Saliba M, Ranaldi R. The effects of the novel DA D3 receptor antagonist SR 21502 on cocaine reward, cocaine seeking and cocaine-induced locomotor activity in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:501-10. [PMID: 24037509 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3254-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There is a focus on developing D3 receptor antagonists as cocaine addiction treatments. OBJECTIVE We investigated the effects of a novel selective D3 receptor antagonist, SR 21502, on cocaine reward, cocaine-seeking, food reward, spontaneous locomotor activity and cocaine-induced locomotor activity in rats. METHODS In Experiment 1, rats were trained to self-administer cocaine under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement and tested with vehicle or one of three doses of SR 21502. In Experiment 2, animals were trained to self-administer cocaine under a fixed ratio schedule of reinforcement followed by extinction of the response. Then, animals were tested with vehicle or one of the SR 21502 doses on cue-induced reinstatement of responding. In Experiment 3, animals were trained to lever press for food under a PR schedule and tested with vehicle or one dose of the compound. In Experiments 4 and 5, in separate groups of animals, the vehicle and three doses of SR 21502 were tested on spontaneous or cocaine (10 mg/kg, IP)-induced locomotor activity, respectively. RESULTS SR 21502 produced significant, dose-related (3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg) reductions in breakpoint for cocaine self-administration, cue-induced reinstatement (3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg) and cocaine-induced locomotor activity (3.75, 7.5 and 15 mg/kg) but failed to reduce food self-administration and spontaneous locomotor activity. CONCLUSIONS SR 21502 decreases cocaine reward, cocaine-seeking and locomotor activity at doses that have no effect on food reward or spontaneous locomotor activity. These data suggest SR 21502 may selectively inhibit cocaine's rewarding, incentive motivational and stimulant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Galaj
- Neuropsychology Doctoral Program, CUNY Graduate Center, New York, NY, USA
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42
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Baladi MG, Newman AH, France CP. Feeding condition and the relative contribution of different dopamine receptor subtypes to the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2014; 231:581-91. [PMID: 24030470 PMCID: PMC3947133 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3271-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The contribution of dopamine receptor subtypes in mediating the discriminative stimulus effects of cocaine is not fully established. Many drug discrimination studies use food to maintain responding, necessitating food restriction, which can alter drug effects. OBJECTIVE This study established stimulus control with cocaine (10 mg/kg) in free-feeding and food-restricted rats responding under a schedule of stimulus shock termination (SST) and in food-restricted rats responding under a schedule of food presentation to examine whether feeding condition or the reinforcer used to maintain responding impacts the effects of cocaine. METHOD Dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists were examined for their ability to mimic or attenuate, respectively, the effects of cocaine. RESULTS Apomorphine, quinpirole, and lisuride occasioned >90 % responding on the cocaine-associated lever in free-feeding rats responding under a schedule of SST; apomorphine, but not quinpirole or lisuride, occasioned >90 % responding on the cocaine lever in food-restricted rats responding under a schedule of SST. In food-restricted rats responding for food these drugs occasioned little cocaine lever responding and were comparatively more potent in decreasing responding. In free-feeding rats, the effects of cocaine were attenuated by the D2/D3 receptor antagonist raclopride and the D3 receptor-selective antagonist PG01037. In food-restricted rats, raclopride and the D2 receptor-selective antagonist L-741,626 attenuated the effects of cocaine. Raclopride antagonized quinpirole in all groups while PG01037 antagonized quinpirole only in free-feeding rats. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate significant differences in the discriminative stimulus of cocaine that are due to feeding conditions and not to the use of different reinforcers across procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle G Baladi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7764, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
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Le Foll B, Collo G, Rabiner EA, Boileau I, Merlo Pich E, Sokoloff P. Dopamine D3 receptor ligands for drug addiction treatment: update on recent findings. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2014; 211:255-75. [PMID: 24968784 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63425-2.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The dopamine D3 receptor is located in the limbic area and apparently mediates selective effects on motivation to take drugs and drug-seeking behaviors, so that there has been considerable interest on the possible use of D3 receptor ligands to treat drug addiction. However, only recently selective tools allowing studying this receptor have been developed. This chapter presents an overview of findings that were presented at a symposium on the conference Dopamine 2013 in Sardinia in May 2013. Novel neurobiological findings indicate that drugs of abuse can lead to significant structural plasticity in rodent brain and that this is dependent on the availability of functional dopamine D3 autoreceptor, whose activation increased phosphorylation in the ERK pathway and in the Akt/mTORC1 pathway indicating the parallel engagement of a series of intracellular signaling pathways all involved in cell growth and survival. Preclinical findings using animal models of drug-seeking behaviors confirm that D3 antagonists have a promising profile to treat drug addiction across drugs of abuse type. Imaging the D3 is now feasible in human subjects. Notably, the development of (+)-4-propyl-9-hydroxynaphthoxazine ligand used in positron emission tomography (PET) studies in humans allows to measure D3 and D2 receptors based on the area of the brain under study. This PET ligand has been used to confirm up-regulation of D3 sites in psychostimulant users and to reveal that tobacco smoking produces elevation of dopamine at the level of D3 sites. There are now novel antagonists being developed, but also old drugs such as buspirone, that are available to test the D3 hypothesis in humans. The first results of clinical investigations are now being provided. Overall, those recent findings support further exploration of D3 ligands to treat drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Alcohol Research and Treatment Clinic, Addiction Medicine Services, Ambulatory Care and Structured Treatments, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Psychiatry, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Ginetta Collo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Eugenii A Rabiner
- Imanova, Centre for Imaging Sciences, London, UK; Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, London, UK
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Addiction Imaging Research Group, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Alexander SPH, Benson HE, Faccenda E, Pawson AJ, Sharman JL, Spedding M, Peters JA, Harmar AJ. The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14: G protein-coupled receptors. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 170:1459-581. [PMID: 24517644 PMCID: PMC3892287 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2013/14 provides concise overviews of the key properties of over 2000 human drug targets with their pharmacology, plus links to an open access knowledgebase of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. The full contents can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12444/full. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the seven major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being G protein-coupled receptors, ligand-gated ion channels, ion channels, catalytic receptors, nuclear hormone receptors, transporters and enzymes. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. A new landscape format has easy to use tables comparing related targets. It is a condensed version of material contemporary to late 2013, which is presented in greater detail and constantly updated on the website www.guidetopharmacology.org, superseding data presented in previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in conjunction with NC-IUPHAR and provides the official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate. It consolidates information previously curated and displayed separately in IUPHAR-DB and the Guide to Receptors and Channels, providing a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen PH Alexander
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham Medical SchoolNottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Helen E Benson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Elena Faccenda
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam J Pawson
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Joanna L Sharman
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - John A Peters
- Neuroscience Division, Medical Education Institute, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of DundeeDundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Anthony J Harmar
- The University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
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Michino M, Donthamsetti P, Beuming T, Banala A, Duan L, Roux T, Han Y, Trinquet E, Newman AH, Javitch JA, Shi L. A single glycine in extracellular loop 1 is the critical determinant for pharmacological specificity of dopamine D2 and D3 receptors. Mol Pharmacol 2013; 84:854-64. [PMID: 24061855 DOI: 10.1124/mol.113.087833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Subtype-selective agents for the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R) have been considered as potential medications for drug addiction and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Medicinal chemistry efforts have led to the discovery of 4-phenylpiperazine derivatives that are >100-fold selective for the dopamine D3 receptor over dopamine D2 receptor (D2R), despite high sequence identity (78% in the transmembrane domain). Based on the recent crystal structure of D3R, we demonstrated that the 4-phenylpiperazine moiety in this class of D3R-selective compounds binds to the conserved orthosteric binding site, whereas the extended aryl amide moiety is oriented toward a divergent secondary binding pocket (SBP). In an effort to further characterize molecular determinants of the selectivity of these compounds, we modeled their binding modes in D3R and D2R by comparative ligand docking and molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the aryl amide moiety in the SBP differentially induces conformational changes in transmembrane segment 2 and extracellular loop 1 (EL1), which amplify the divergence of the SBP in D3R and D2R. Receptor chimera and site-directed mutagenesis studies were used to validate these binding modes and to identify a divergent glycine in EL1 as critical to D3R over D2R subtype selectivity. A better understanding of drug-dependent receptor conformations such as these is key to the rational design of compounds targeting a specific receptor among closely related homologs, and may also lead to discovery of novel chemotypes that exploit subtle differences in protein conformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayako Michino
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York (M.M., L.S.); Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York (P.D., L.D., Y.H., J.A.J.); Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York (P.D., L.D., Y.H., J.A.J.); Schrödinger, Inc., New York, New York (T.B.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland (A.B., A.H.N.); and Cisbio Bioassays, Codolet, France (T.R., E.T.)
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Tu Z, Li S, Li A, Taylor M, Ho D, Malik M, Luedtke RR, Mach RH. Synthesis and in vitro pharmacological evaluation of indolyl carboxylic amide analogues as D 3 dopamine receptor selective ligands. MEDCHEMCOMM 2013; 4:1283-1289. [PMID: 24156012 PMCID: PMC3804115 DOI: 10.1039/c3md00098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of substituted 1H-indolyl carboxylic acid amides that contain a N-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine or N-(2-fluoroethoxy)piperazine group were synthesized and their affinities for human dopamine D2, D3, and D4 receptors were determined. Two of these compounds, 14a and 14b, displayed high binding affinity at D3 (Ki = 0.18 and 0.4 nM, respectively), and selectivity for D3vs. D2 receptors (87-fold and 60-fold, respectively). These two compounds had low binding affinity at D4 receptors and σ receptor sites. The intrinsic activity of these compounds at D2 and D3 receptors was determined using a forskolin-dependent adenylyl cyclase inhibition assay; both 14a and 14b were found to be partial agonists. Furthermore, for compound 14a, the log D value of 2.85 suggested it has suitable lipophilicity for crossing the blood-brain-barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhude Tu
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
| | - Shihong Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
| | - Aixiao Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - David Ho
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Maninder Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert R. Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Robert H. Mach
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA., Fax: +1-314-362-8555; Tel: +1-314-362-8538
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Neisewander JL, Cheung THC, Pentkowski NS. Dopamine D3 and 5-HT1B receptor dysregulation as a result of psychostimulant intake and forced abstinence: Implications for medications development. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt B:301-19. [PMID: 23973315 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Addiction to psychostimulants, including cocaine and amphetamine, is associated with dysregulation of dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter systems. Neuroadaptations in these systems vary depending on the stage of the drug taking-abstinence-relapse cycle. Consequently, the effects of potential treatments that target these systems may vary depending on whether they are given during abstinence or relapse. In this review, we discuss evidence that dopamine D3 receptors (D3Rs) and 5-HT1B receptors (5-HT1BRs) are dysregulated in response to both chronic psychostimulant use and subsequent abstinence. We then review findings from preclinical self-administration models which support targeting D3Rs and 5-HT1BRs as potential medications for psychostimulant dependence. Potential side effects of the treatments are discussed and attention is given to studies reporting positive treatment outcomes that depend on: 1) whether testing occurs during self-administration versus abstinence, 2) whether escalation of drug self-administration has occurred, 3) whether the treatments are given repeatedly, and 4) whether social factors influence treatment outcomes. We conclude that D3/D2 agonists may decrease psychostimulant intake; however, side effects of D3/D2R full agonists may limit their therapeutic potential, whereas D3/D2R partial agonists have fewer undesirable side effects. D3-selective antagonists may not reduce psychostimulant intake during relapse, but nonetheless, may decrease motivation for seeking psychostimulants with relatively few side-effects. 5-HT1BR agonists provide a striking example of treatment outcomes that are dependent on the stage of the addiction cycle. Specifically, these agonists initially increase cocaine's reinforcing effects during maintenance of self-administration, but after a period of abstinence they reduce psychostimulant seeking and the resumption of self-administration. In conclusion, we suggest that factors contributing to dysregulation of monoamine systems, including drug history, abstinence, and social context, should be considered when evaluating potential treatments to better model treatment effects in humans. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Neisewander
- School of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA.
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Ye N, Neumeyer JL, Baldessarini RJ, Zhen X, Zhang A. Update 1 of: Recent Progress in Development of Dopamine Receptor Subtype-Selective Agents: Potential Therapeutics for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders. Chem Rev 2013; 113:PR123-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300113a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
| | - John L. Neumeyer
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory,
McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts 02478, United States
| | | | - Xuechu Zhen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China 215123
| | - Ao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, and Synthetic Organic & Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (SOMCL), Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica (SIMM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 201203
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Yan Y, Kong H, Wu EJ, Newman AH, Xu M. Dopamine D3 receptors regulate reconsolidation of cocaine memory. Neuroscience 2013; 241:32-40. [PMID: 23506736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Memories of learned associations between the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse and environmental cues contribute to craving and relapse in humans. Disruption of reconsolidation dampens or even erases previous memories. Dopamine (DA) mediates the acquisition of reward memory and drugs of abuse can pathologically change related neuronal circuits in the mesolimbic DA system. Previous studies showed that DA D3 receptors are involved in cocaine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior. However, the role of D3 receptors in reconsolidation of cocaine-induced reward memory remains unclear. In the present study, we combined genetic and pharmacological approaches to investigate the role of D3 receptors in reconsolidation of cocaine-induced CPP. We found that the mutation of the D3 receptor gene weakened reconsolidation of cocaine-induced CPP in mice triggered by a 3-min (min) retrieval. Furthermore, treatment of a selective D3 receptor antagonist PG01037 immediately following the 3-min retrieval disrupted reconsolidation of cocaine-induced CPP in wild-type mice and such disruption remained at least 1 week after the 3-min retrieval. These results suggest that D3 receptors play a key role in reconsolidation of cocaine-induced CPP in mice, and that pharmacological blockade of these receptors may be therapeutic for the treatment of cocaine craving and relapse in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yan
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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50
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Chen J, Levant B, Wang S. High-affinity and selective dopamine D₃ receptor full agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:5612-7. [PMID: 22871578 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We have designed, synthesized and evaluated a series of new compounds with the goal to identify potent and selective D(3) ligands. The two most potent and selective new D(3) ligands are compounds 38 and 52, which bind to the D(3) receptors with a K(i) value of <nM and display a selectivity of 450-494 times over the D(2) receptors and >10,000 times over the D(1) receptors. Both 38 and 52 are full agonists with high potency at the D(3) receptor in a D(3) functional assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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