1
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Tang J, Xie L, Liu J, Shi S, Yang Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Chen L, Jia S, Ma M, Xie Z. Direct Access to Thio- and Seleno-acetamides Bearing (Benzo)thiazoles by a Base-Promoted One-Pot Two-Step Three-Component Reaction of 2-Amino(benzo)thiazoles with Aryl Acetyl Chlorides and Dichalcogenides. J Org Chem 2024; 89:3702-3712. [PMID: 38430193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Highly efficient and practical carbon-chalcogen (S, Se) and amide bonds formation methodologies for the synthesis of thio- and seleno-acetamides were developed, via the base-promoted one-pot two-step reactions of 2-amino(benzo)thiazoles and aryl acetyl chlorides with dichalcogenides. This cross-coupling reaction afforded the goal products that had been chalcogenated regioselectively in moderate to good yields. Further transformations of the new synthesized compounds, DFT calculations and preliminary mechanism studies are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Tang
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Luying Xie
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Shangyu Shi
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Qikun Yang
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Shaohui Jia
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Mingfang Ma
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Zengyang Xie
- Laboratory of New Antitumor Drug Molecular Design & Synthesis, College of Basic Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
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2
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Si X, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Pan X, Wang F, Shao X, Yao Q, Duan W, Huang X, Su J. A Porous Carbazolic Al-MOF for Efficient Aerobic Photo-Oxidation of Sulfides into Sulfoxides under Air. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:4707-4715. [PMID: 38410082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c04359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
A robust, microporous, and photoactive aluminum-based metal-organic framework (Al-MOF, LCU-600) has been assembled by an in situ-formed [Al3O(CO2)6] trinuclear building unit and a tritopic carbazole ligand. LCU-600 shows a high water stability and permanent porosity for N2 and CO2 adsorption. Notably, the incorporation of photoresponsive carbazole moieties into LCU-600 makes it a highly efficient and recyclable photocatalyst for aerobic photo-oxidation of sulfides into sulfoxides under an air atmosphere at room temperature. Mechanism investigations unveil that photogenerated holes (h+), superoxide radical anion (O2•-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are critical active spices for the photo-oxidation reaction performed in an air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhen Si
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Luxi Chemical Group Co., Ltd., New Chemical Materials Industrial Park, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Xuze Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Fudong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Shao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Qingxia Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Wenzeng Duan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Xianqiang Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, and Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory/Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
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3
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Lee KH, Won SJ, Oyinloye P, Shi L. Unlocking the Potential of High-Quality Dopamine Transporter Pharmacological Data: Advancing Robust Machine Learning-Based QSAR Modeling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.06.583803. [PMID: 38558976 PMCID: PMC10979915 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.06.583803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The dopamine transporter (DAT) plays a critical role in the central nervous system and has been implicated in numerous psychiatric disorders. The ligand-based approaches are instrumental to decipher the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of DAT ligands, especially the quantitative SAR (QSAR) modeling. By gathering and analyzing data from literature and databases, we systematically assemble a diverse range of ligands binding to DAT, aiming to discern the general features of DAT ligands and uncover the chemical space for potential novel DAT ligand scaffolds. The aggregation of DAT pharmacological activity data, particularly from databases like ChEMBL, provides a foundation for constructing robust QSAR models. The compilation and meticulous filtering of these data, establishing high-quality training datasets with specific divisions of pharmacological assays and data types, along with the application of QSAR modeling, prove to be a promising strategy for navigating the pertinent chemical space. Through a systematic comparison of DAT QSAR models using training datasets from various ChEMBL releases, we underscore the positive impact of enhanced data set quality and increased data set size on the predictive power of DAT QSAR models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Hao Lee
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Sung Joon Won
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Precious Oyinloye
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Computational Chemistry and Molecular Biophysics Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse – Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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4
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Ku T, Cao J, Won SJ, Guo J, Camacho-Hernandez GA, Okorom AV, Salomon KW, Lee KH, Loland CJ, Duff HJ, Shi L, Newman AH. Series of (([1,1'-Biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)sulfinylalkyl Alicyclic Amines as Novel and High Affinity Atypical Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors with Reduced hERG Activity. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:515-532. [PMID: 38357284 PMCID: PMC10863442 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD). We have previously discovered "atypical" dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors that do not display psychostimulant-like behaviors and may be useful as medications to treat PSUD. Lead candidates (e.g., JJC8-091, 1) have shown promising in vivo profiles in rodents; however, reducing hERG (human ether-à-go-go-related gene) activity, a predictor of cardiotoxicity, has remained a challenge. Herein, a series of 30 (([1,1'-biphenyl]-2-yl)methyl)sulfinylalkyl alicyclic amines was synthesized and evaluated for DAT and serotonin transporter (SERT) binding affinities. A subset of analogues was tested for hERG activity, and the IC50 values were compared to those predicted by our hERG QSAR models, which showed robust predictive power. Multiparameter optimization scores (MPO > 3) indicated central nervous system (CNS) penetrability. Finally, comparison of affinities in human DAT and its Y156F and Y335A mutants suggested that several compounds prefer an inward facing conformation indicating an atypical DAT inhibitor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese
C. Ku
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sung Joon Won
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jiqing Guo
- Faculty
of Medicine, Libin Institute, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Gisela A. Camacho-Hernandez
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amarachi V. Okorom
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kristine Walloe Salomon
- Laboratory
for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J. Loland
- Laboratory
for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henry J. Duff
- Laboratory
for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University
of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lei Shi
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular
Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug
Abuse–Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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5
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Okorom AV, Camacho-Hernandez GA, Salomon K, Lee KH, Ku TC, Cao J, Won SJ, Friedman J, Lam J, Paule J, Rais R, Klein B, Xi ZX, Shi L, Loland CJ, Newman AH. Modifications to 1-(4-(2-Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)alkyl Alicyclic Amines That Improve Metabolic Stability and Retain an Atypical DAT Inhibitor Profile. J Med Chem 2024; 67:709-727. [PMID: 38117239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential in the preclinical models of psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD). In rats, 1-(4-(2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-propan-2-ol (JJC8-091, 3b) was effective in reducing the reinforcing effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine but did not exhibit psychostimulant behaviors itself. Improvements in DAT affinity and metabolic stability were desirable for discovering pipeline drug candidates. Thus, a series of 1-(4-(2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)alkyl alicyclic amines were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinities at DAT and the serotonin transporter (SERT). Replacement of the piperazine with either a homopiperazine or a piperidine ring system was well tolerated at DAT (Ki range = 3-382 nM). However, only the piperidine analogues (20a-d) showed improved metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes as compared to the previously reported analogues. Compounds 12b and 20a appeared to retain an atypical DAT inhibitor profile, based on negligible locomotor activity in mice and molecular modeling that predicts binding to an inward-facing conformation of DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarachi V Okorom
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Gisela Andrea Camacho-Hernandez
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kristine Salomon
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kuo Hao Lee
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Therese C Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Sung Joon Won
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jacob Friedman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - James Paule
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Benjamin Klein
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Lei Shi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J Loland
- Laboratory for Membrane Protein Dynamics, Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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6
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Hersey M, Tanda G. Modafinil, an atypical CNS stimulant? ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2023; 99:287-326. [PMID: 38467484 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Modafinil is a central nervous system stimulant approved for the treatment of narcolepsy and sleep disorders. Due to its wide range of biochemical actions, modafinil has been explored for other potential therapeutic uses. Indeed, it has shown promise as a therapy for cognitive disfunction resulting from neurologic disorders like ADHD, and as a smart drug in non-medical settings. The mechanism(s) of actions underlying the therapeutic efficacy of this agent remains largely elusive. Modafinil is known to inhibit the dopamine transporter, thus decreasing dopamine reuptake following neuronal release, an effect shared by addictive psychostimulants. However, modafinil is unique in that only a few cases of dependence on this drug have been reported, as compared to other psychostimulants. Moreover, modafinil has been tested, with some success, as a potential therapeutic agent to combat psychostimulant and other substance use disorders. Modafinil has additional, but less understood, actions on other neurotransmitter systems (GABA, glutamate, serotonin, norepinephrine, etc.). These interactions, together with its ability to activate selected brain regions, are likely one of the keys to understand its unique pharmacology and therapeutic activity as a CNS stimulant. In this chapter, we outline the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of modafinil that suggest it has an "atypical" CNS stimulant profile. We also highlight the current approved and off label uses of modafinil, including its beneficial effects as a treatment for sleep disorders, cognitive functions, and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Hersey
- Medication Development Program, NIDA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, NIDA-IRP, NIH, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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7
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Kalaba P, Pacher K, Neill PJ, Dragacevic V, Zehl M, Wackerlig J, Kirchhofer M, Sartori SB, Gstach H, Kouhnavardi S, Fabisikova A, Pillwein M, Monje-Quiroga F, Ebner K, Prado-Roller A, Singewald N, Urban E, Langer T, Pifl C, Lubec J, Leban JJ, Lubec G. Chirality Matters: Fine-Tuning of Novel Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitors Selectivity through Manipulation of Stereochemistry. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1415. [PMID: 37759815 PMCID: PMC10527105 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The high structural similarity, especially in transmembrane regions, of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin transporters, as well as the lack of all crystal structures of human isoforms, make the specific targeting of individual transporters rather challenging. Ligand design itself is also rather limited, as many chemists, fully aware of the synthetic and analytical challenges, tend to modify lead compounds in a way that reduces the number of chiral centers and hence limits the potential chemical space of synthetic ligands. We have previously shown that increasing molecular complexity by introducing additional chiral centers ultimately leads to more selective and potent dopamine reuptake inhibitors. Herein, we significantly extend our structure-activity relationship of dopamine transporter-selective ligands and further demonstrate how stereoisomers of defined absolute configuration may fine-tune and direct the activity towards distinct targets. From the pool of active compounds, using the examples of stereoisomers 7h and 8h, we further showcase how in vitro activity significantly differs in in vivo drug efficacy experiments, calling for proper validation of individual stereoisomers in animal studies. Furthermore, by generating a large library of compounds with defined absolute configurations, we lay the groundwork for computational chemists to further optimize and rationally design specific monoamine transporter reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Kalaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Katharina Pacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Philip John Neill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Vladimir Dragacevic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Martin Zehl
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.Z.); (A.F.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Michael Kirchhofer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Simone B. Sartori
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.S.); (K.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Hubert Gstach
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Shima Kouhnavardi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Anna Fabisikova
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.Z.); (A.F.)
| | - Matthias Pillwein
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Francisco Monje-Quiroga
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Department of Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Karl Ebner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.S.); (K.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Alexander Prado-Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.B.S.); (K.E.); (N.S.)
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (P.K.); (K.P.); (P.J.N.); (V.D.); (J.W.); (M.K.); (H.G.); (S.K.); (M.P.); (E.U.); (T.L.)
| | - Christian Pifl
- Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Jana Lubec
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.L.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Johann Jakob Leban
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.L.); (J.J.L.)
| | - Gert Lubec
- Programme for Proteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (J.L.); (J.J.L.)
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8
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Rahimi O, Cao J, Lam J, Childers SR, Rais R, Porrino LJ, Newman AH, Nader MA. The Effects of the Dopamine Transporter Ligands JJC8-088 and JJC8-091 on Cocaine versus Food Choice in Rhesus Monkeys. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 384:372-381. [PMID: 36507847 PMCID: PMC9976790 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for cocaine use disorder, several modafinil analogs have demonstrated promise in reducing cocaine self-administration and reinstatement in rats. Furthermore, the range of dopamine transporter (DAT) compounds provides an opportunity to develop pharmacotherapeutics without abuse liability. This study extended the comparison of JJC8-088 and JJC8-091, the former compound having higher DAT affinity and predicted abuse liability, to rhesus monkeys using a concurrent cocaine versus food schedule of reinforcement. First, binding to striatal DAT was examined in cocaine-naïve monkey tissue. Next, intravenous pharmacokinetics of both JJC compounds were evaluated in cocaine-experienced male monkeys (n = 3/drug). In behavioral studies, acute and chronic administration of both compounds were evaluated in these same monkeys responding under a concurrent food versus cocaine (0 and 0.003-0.1 mg/kg per injection) schedule of reinforcement. In nonhuman primate striatum, JJC8-088 had higher DAT affinity compared with JJC8-091 (14.4 ± 9 versus 2730 ± 1270 nM, respectively). Both JJC compounds had favorable plasma pharmacokinetics for behavioral assessments, with half-lives of 1.1 hours and 3.5 hours for JJC8-088 (0.7 mg/kg, i.v.) and JJC8-091 (1.9 mg/kg, i.v.), respectively. Acute treatment with both compounds shifted the cocaine dose-response curve to the left. Chronic treatment with JJC8-088 decreased cocaine choice in two of the three monkeys, whereas JJC8-091 only modestly reduced cocaine allocation in one monkey. Differences in affinities of JJC8-091 DAT binding in monkeys compared with rats may account for the poor rodent-to-monkey translation. Future studies should evaluate atypical DAT blockers in combination with behavioral interventions that may further decrease cocaine choice. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Cocaine use disorder (CUD) remains a significant public health problem with no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments. The ability of drugs that act in the brain in a similar manner to cocaine, but with lower abuse liability, has clinical implications for a treatment of CUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omeed Rahimi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Jenny Lam
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Steven R Childers
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Linda J Porrino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
| | - Michael A Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C., L.J.P., M.A.N.); Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland (J.C., J.L., A.H.N.); Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland (J.L., R.R.); and EncepHeal Therapeutics, Inc., Winston-Salem, North Carolina (O.R., S.R.C.)
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9
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Lv XY, Abrams R, Martin R. Copper-Catalyzed C(sp 3 )-Amination of Ketone-Derived Dihydroquinazolinones by Aromatization-Driven C-C Bond Scission. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217386. [PMID: 36576703 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the development of a copper-catalyzed C(sp3 )-amination of proaromatic dihydroquinazolinones derived from ketones. The reaction is enabled by the intermediacy of open-shell species arising from homolytic C-C bond-cleavage driven by aromatization. The protocol is characterized by its operational simplicity and generality, including chemical diversification of advanced intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yang Lv
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, c/Marcel⋅lí Domingo, 1, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Roman Abrams
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ruben Martin
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluïs Companys, 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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10
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Aggarwal S, Mortensen OV. Discovery and Development of Monoamine Transporter Ligands. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 30:101-129. [PMID: 36928847 PMCID: PMC10074400 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-21054-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Monoamine transporters (MATs) are targets of a wide range of compounds that have been developed as therapeutic treatments for various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders such as depression, ADHD, neuropathic pain, anxiety disorders, stimulant use disorders, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease. The MAT family is comprised of three main members - the dopamine transporter (DAT), the norepinephrine transporter (NET), and the serotonin transporter (SERT). These transporters are through reuptake responsible for the clearance of their respective monoamine substrates from the extracellular space. The determination of X-ray crystal structures of MATs and their homologues bound with various substrates and ligands has resulted in a surge of structure-function-based studies of MATs to understand the molecular basis of transport function and the mechanism of various ligands that ultimately result in their behavioral effects. This review focusses on recent examples of ligand-based structure-activity relationship studies trying to overcome some of the challenges associated with previously developed MAT inhibitors. These studies have led to the discovery of unique and novel structurally diverse MAT ligands including allosteric modulators. These novel molecular scaffolds serve as leads for designing more effective therapeutic interventions by modulating the activities of MATs and ultimately their associated neurotransmission and behavioral effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaili Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Ole Valente Mortensen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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11
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Ashraf-Uz-Zaman M, Ji G, Tidwell D, Yin L, Thakolwiboon S, Pan J, Junell R, Griffin Z, Shahi S, Barthels D, Sajib MS, Trippier PC, Mikelis CM, Das H, Avila M, Neugebauer V, German NA. Evaluation of Urea-Based Inhibitors of the Dopamine Transporter Using the Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model of Multiple Sclerosis. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:217-228. [PMID: 34978174 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system is involved in the regulation of immune responses in various homeostatic and disease conditions. For conditions such as Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis (MS), pharmacological modulation of dopamine (DA) system activity is thought to have therapeutic relevance, providing the basis for using dopaminergic agents as a treatment of relevant states. In particular, it was proposed that restoration of DA levels may inhibit neuroinflammation. We have recently reported a new class of dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors with high selectivity to the DAT over other G-protein coupled receptors tested. Here, we continue their evaluation as monoamine transporter inhibitors. Furthermore, we show that the urea-like DAT inhibitor (compound 5) has statistically significant anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates motor deficits and pain behaviors in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model mimicking clinical signs of MS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the beneficial effects of DAT inhibitor-based treatment in animals with induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis, and the observed results provide additional support to the model of DA-related neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Ashraf-Uz-Zaman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Guangchen Ji
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Dalton Tidwell
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Linda Yin
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Smathorn Thakolwiboon
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Jie Pan
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Riley Junell
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Zach Griffin
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Sadisna Shahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Derek Barthels
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Md Sanaullah Sajib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Paul C. Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Constantinos M. Mikelis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Hiranmoy Das
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
| | - Mirla Avila
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
- Multiple Sclerosis and Demyelinating Diseases Clinic; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Science Center,Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
- Neurology Department, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
- Garrison Institute on Aging, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
| | - Nadezhda A. German
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas 79106, United States
- Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, United States
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12
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Sahai M, Opacka-Juffry J. Molecular mechanisms of action of stimulant novel psychoactive substances that target the high-affinity transporter for dopamine. Neuronal Signal 2021; 5:NS20210006. [PMID: 34888062 PMCID: PMC8630395 DOI: 10.1042/ns20210006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug misuse is a significant social and public health problem worldwide. Misused substances exert their neurobehavioural effects through changing neural signalling within the brain, many of them leading to substance dependence and addiction in the longer term. Among drugs with addictive liability, there are illicit classical stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine, and their more recently available counterparts known as novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Stimulants normally increase dopamine availability in the brain, including the pathway implicated in reward-related behaviour. This pattern is observed in both animal and human brain. The main biological target of stimulants, both classical and NPS, is the dopamine transporter (DAT) implicated in the dopamine-enhancing effects of these drugs. This article aims at reviewing research on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the interactions between stimulant NPS, such as benzofurans, cathinones or piperidine derivatives and DAT, to achieve a greater understanding of the core phenomena that decide about the addictive potential of stimulant NPS. As the methodology is essential in the process of experimental research in this area, we review the applications of in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches. The latter, including molecular dynamics, attracts the focus of the present review as the method of choice in molecular and atomistic investigations of the mechanisms of addiction of stimulant NPS. Research of this kind is of interest to not only scientists but also health professionals as updated knowledge of NPS, their modes of action and health risks, is needed to tackle the challenges posed by NPS misuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Sahai
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, U.K
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13
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Hersey M, Bacon AK, Bailey LG, Coggiano MA, Newman AH, Leggio L, Tanda G. Psychostimulant Use Disorder, an Unmet Therapeutic Goal: Can Modafinil Narrow the Gap? Front Neurosci 2021; 15:656475. [PMID: 34121988 PMCID: PMC8187604 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.656475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of individuals affected by psychostimulant use disorder (PSUD) has increased rapidly over the last few decades resulting in economic, emotional, and physical burdens on our society. Further compounding this issue is the current lack of clinically approved medications to treat this disorder. The dopamine transporter (DAT) is a common target of psychostimulant actions related to their use and dependence, and the recent availability of atypical DAT inhibitors as a potential therapeutic option has garnered popularity in this research field. Modafinil (MOD), which is approved for clinical use for the treatment of narcolepsy and sleep disorders, blocks DAT just like commonly abused psychostimulants. However, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that it lacks the addictive properties (in both behavioral and neurochemical studies) associated with other abused DAT inhibitors. Clinical availability of MOD has facilitated its off-label use for several psychiatric disorders related to alteration of brain dopamine (DA) systems, including PSUD. In this review, we highlight clinical and preclinical research on MOD and its R-enantiomer, R-MOD, as potential medications for PSUD. Given the complexity of PSUD, we have also reported the effects of MOD on psychostimulant-induced appearance of several symptoms that could intensify the severity of the disease (i.e., sleep disorders and impairment of cognitive functions), besides the potential therapeutic effects of MOD on PSUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda Hersey
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amanda K. Bacon
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lydia G. Bailey
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark A. Coggiano
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amy H. Newman
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Clinical Psychoneuroendo- crinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Division of Intramural Clinical and Biological Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Staroń J, Pietruś W, Bugno R, Kurczab R, Satała G, Warszycki D, Lenda T, Wantuch A, Hogendorf AS, Hogendorf A, Duszyńska B, Bojarski AJ. Tuning the activity of known drugs via the introduction of halogen atoms, a case study of SERT ligands - Fluoxetine and fluvoxamine. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113533. [PMID: 34049262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), acting at the serotonin transporter (SERT), are one of the most widely prescribed antidepressant medications. All five approved SSRIs possess either fluorine or chlorine atoms, and there is a limited number of reports describing their analogs with heavier halogens, i.e., bromine and iodine. To elucidate the role of halogen atoms in the binding of SSRIs to SERT, we designed a series of 22 fluoxetine and fluvoxamine analogs substituted with fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine atoms, differently arranged on the phenyl ring. The obtained biological activity data, supported by a thorough in silico binding mode analysis, allowed the identification of two partners for halogen bond interactions: the backbone carbonyl oxygen atoms of E493 and T497. Additionally, compounds with heavier halogen atoms were found to bind with the SERT via a distinctly different binding mode, a result not presented elsewhere. The subsequent analysis of the prepared XSAR sets showed that E493 and T497 participated in the largest number of formed halogen bonds. The XSAR library analysis led to the synthesis of two of the most active compounds (3,4-diCl-fluoxetine 42, SERT Ki = 5 nM and 3,4-diCl-fluvoxamine 46, SERT Ki = 9 nM, fluoxetine SERT Ki = 31 nM, fluvoxamine SERT Ki = 458 nM). We present an example of the successful use of a rational methodology to analyze binding and design more active compounds by halogen atom introduction. 'XSAR library analysis', a new tool in medicinal chemistry, was instrumental in identifying optimal halogen atom substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Staroń
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Pietruś
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Kurczab
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Satała
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dawid Warszycki
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Lenda
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Wantuch
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Adam S Hogendorf
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Hogendorf
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Duszyńska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej J Bojarski
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smętna Street, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
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15
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Newman AH, Ku T, Jordan CJ, Bonifazi A, Xi ZX. New Drugs, Old Targets: Tweaking the Dopamine System to Treat Psychostimulant Use Disorders. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 61:609-628. [PMID: 33411583 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-030220-124205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The abuse of illicit psychostimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine continues to pose significant health and societal challenges. Despite considerable efforts to develop medications to treat psychostimulant use disorders, none have proven effective, leaving an underserved patient population and unanswered questions about what mechanism(s) of action should be targeted for developing pharmacotherapies. As both cocaine and methamphetamine rapidly increase dopamine (DA) levels in mesolimbic brain regions, leading to euphoria that in some can lead to addiction, targets in which this increased dopaminergic tone may be mitigated have been explored. Further, understanding and targeting mechanisms underlying relapse are fundamental to the success of discovering medications that reduce the reinforcing effects of the drug of abuse, decrease the negative reinforcement or withdrawal/negative affect that occurs during abstinence, or both. Atypical inhibitors of the DA transporter and partial agonists/antagonists at DA D3 receptors are described as two promising targets for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Therese Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Chloe J Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA;
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16
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Giancola JB, Bonifazi A, Cao J, Ku T, Haraczy AJ, Lam J, Rais R, Coggiano MA, Tanda G, Newman AH. Structure-activity relationships for a series of (Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinylethyl-aminopiperidines and -piperidine amines at the dopamine transporter: Bioisosteric replacement of the piperazine improves metabolic stability. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112674. [PMID: 32947229 PMCID: PMC7680422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable efforts to develop medications to treat psychostimulant use disorders, none have proven effective, leaving an underserved patient population and unanswered questions as to what mechanism(s) of action should be targeted for developing pharmacotherapies. Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors, based on (±)modafinil, have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of psychostimulant abuse. However, metabolic instability among other limitations to piperazine analogues 1-3 have impeded further development. Herein, bioisosteric substitutions of the piperazine ring were explored with a series of aminopiperidines (A) and piperidine amines (B) wherein compounds with either a terminal tertiary amine or amide were synthesized. Several lead compounds showed high to moderate DAT affinities and metabolic stability in rat liver microsomes. Aminopiperidines 7 (DAT Ki = 50.6 nM), 21b (DAT Ki = 77.2 nM) and 33 (DAT Ki = 30.0 nM) produced only minimal stimulation of ambulatory activity in mice, compared to cocaine, suggesting an atypical DAT inhibitor profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoLynn B Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Therese Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Alexandra J Haraczy
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States
| | - Mark A Coggiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, United States.
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17
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Tanda G, Hersey M, Hempel B, Xi ZX, Newman AH. Modafinil and its structural analogs as atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors and potential medications for psychostimulant use disorder. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 56:13-21. [PMID: 32927246 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacotherapeutics for treatment of psychostimulant use disorder are still an unmet medical goal. Recently, off label use of modafinil (MOD), an approved medication for treatment of sleep disturbances, has been tested as a therapeutic for cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder. Positive results have been found in subjects dependent on psychostimulants without concurrent abuse of other substances. Novel structural analogs of MOD have been synthesized in the search for compounds with potentially broader therapeutic efficacy than the parent drug. In the present report we review their potential efficacy as treatments for psychostimulant abuse and dependence assessed in preclinical tests. Results from these preclinical proof of concept studies reveal that some modafinil analogs do not possess typical cocaine-like neurochemical and behavioral effects. Further, they might blunt the reinforcing effects of psychostimulants in animal models, suggesting their potential efficacy as pharmacotherapeutics for treatment of psychostimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Melinda Hersey
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Briana Hempel
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medication Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, NIH, DHHS, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
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18
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Xue W, Fu T, Zheng G, Tu G, Zhang Y, Yang F, Tao L, Yao L, Zhu F. Recent Advances and Challenges of the Drugs Acting on Monoamine Transporters. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:3830-3876. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666181009123218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Background:
The human Monoamine Transporters (hMATs), primarily including hSERT,
hNET and hDAT, are important targets for the treatment of depression and other behavioral disorders
with more than the availability of 30 approved drugs.
Objective:
This paper is to review the recent progress in the binding mode and inhibitory mechanism of
hMATs inhibitors with the central or allosteric binding sites, for the benefit of future hMATs inhibitor
design and discovery. The Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR) and the selectivity for hit/lead compounds
to hMATs that are evaluated by in vitro and in vivo experiments will be highlighted.
Methods:
PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for protein-ligand interaction, novel
inhibitors design and synthesis studies related to hMATs.
Results:
Literature data indicate that since the first crystal structure determinations of the homologous
bacterial Leucine Transporter (LeuT) complexed with clomipramine, a sizable database of over 100 experimental
structures or computational models has been accumulated that now defines a substantial degree
of structural variability hMATs-ligands recognition. In the meanwhile, a number of novel hMATs
inhibitors have been discovered by medicinal chemistry with significant help from computational models.
Conclusion:
The reported new compounds act on hMATs as well as the structures of the transporters
complexed with diverse ligands by either experiment or computational modeling have shed light on the
poly-pharmacology, multimodal and allosteric regulation of the drugs to transporters. All of the studies
will greatly promote the Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) of structurally novel scaffolds with high
activity and selectivity for hMATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Xue
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Tingting Fu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guoxun Zheng
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Gao Tu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Lin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China
| | - Lixia Yao
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, United States
| | - Feng Zhu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Drug Research, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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19
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Kalaba P, Ilić M, Aher NY, Dragačević V, Wieder M, Zehl M, Wackerlig J, Beyl S, Sartori SB, Ebner K, Roller A, Lukic N, Beryozkina T, Gonzalez ERP, Neill P, Khan JA, Bakulev V, Leban JJ, Hering S, Pifl C, Singewald N, Lubec J, Urban E, Sitte HH, Langer T, Lubec G. Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Thiazole-Based Modafinil Analogues Acting at Monoamine Transporters. J Med Chem 2019; 63:391-417. [PMID: 31841637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitors, such as modafinil, are used for the treatment of sleeping disorders and investigated as potential therapeutics against cocaine addiction and for cognitive enhancement. Our continuous effort to find modafinil analogues with higher inhibitory activity on and selectivity toward the dopamine transporter (DAT) has previously led to the promising thiazole-containing derivatives CE-103, CE-111, CE-123, and CE-125. Here, we describe the synthesis and activity of a series of compounds based on these scaffolds, which resulted in several new selective DAT inhibitors and gave valuable insights into the structure-activity relationships. Introduction of the second chiral center and subsequent chiral separations provided all four stereoisomers, whereby the S-configuration on both generally exerted the highest activity and selectivity on DAT. The representative compound of this series was further characterized by in silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies that have demonstrated both safety and efficacy profile of this compound class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Kalaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marija Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nilima Y Aher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vladimir Dragačević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Marcus Wieder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Stanislav Beyl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Simone B Sartori
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Karl Ebner
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Natalie Lukic
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry , University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Tetyana Beryozkina
- Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira st. , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Eduardo Rene Perez Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Fine Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , University of Sao Paulo State , Roberto Simonsen 305 , CEP 19060-900 , Presidente Prudente , SP , Brazil
| | - Philip Neill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Jawad Akbar Khan
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira st. , Yekaterinburg 620002 , Russia
| | - Johann Jakob Leban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Steffen Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Christian Pifl
- Centre for Brain Research , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Nicolas Singewald
- Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy , Leopold Franzens University Innsbruck , 6020 Innsbruck , Austria
| | - Jana Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory , Paracelsus Medical University , A-5020 Salzburg , Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology , Medical University of Vienna , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , 1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory , Paracelsus Medical University , A-5020 Salzburg , Austria
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20
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Slack RD, Ku TC, Cao J, Giancola JB, Bonifazi A, Loland CJ, Gadiano A, Lam J, Rais R, Slusher BS, Coggiano M, Tanda G, Newman AH. Structure-Activity Relationships for a Series of (Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl Alkyl Alicyclic Amines at the Dopamine Transporter: Functionalizing the Terminal Nitrogen Affects Affinity, Selectivity, and Metabolic Stability. J Med Chem 2019; 63:2343-2357. [PMID: 31661268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Atypical dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models of psychostimulant abuse. In rats, 1-(4-(2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)ethyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-propan-2-ol (3b) was effective in reducing the reinforcing effects of both cocaine and methamphetamine but did not exhibit psychostimulant behaviors itself. While further development of 3b is ongoing, diastereomeric separation, as well as improvements in potency and pharmacokinetics were desirable for discovering pipeline drug candidates. Thus, a series of bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)sulfinyl)alkyl alicyclic amines, where the piperazine-2-propanol scaffold was modified, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for binding affinities at DAT, as well as the serotonin transporter and σ1 receptors. Within the series, 14a showed improved DAT affinity (Ki = 23 nM) over 3b (Ki = 230 nM), moderate metabolic stability in human liver microsomes, and a hERG/DAT affinity ratio = 28. While 14a increased locomotor activity relative to vehicle, it was significantly lower than activity produced by cocaine. These results support further investigation of 14a as a potential treatment for psychostimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D Slack
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Therese C Ku
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - JoLynn B Giancola
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J Loland
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandra Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Jenny Lam
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 855 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Mark Coggiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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21
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Wei LQ, Ye BH. Cyclometalated Ir-Zr Metal-Organic Frameworks as Recyclable Visible-Light Photocatalysts for Sulfide Oxidation into Sulfoxide in Water. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:41448-41457. [PMID: 31604013 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic photo-oxidation of sulfide into sulfoxide in water is of great interest in green chemistry. In this study, three highly stable Ir(III)-Zr(IV) metal-organic frameworks (Ir-Zr MOFs), namely Zr6-Irbpy (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine), Zr6-IrbpyOMe (bpyOMe is 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine), and Zr6-Irphen (phen is 1,10-phenanthroline), are constructed by using [Ir(pqc)2(L)2]Cl complexes (where pqc is 2-phenylquinoline-4-carboxylic acid and L is an ancillary ligand bpy, bpyOMe, or phen) as linkers and Zr6 cluster as nodes. The constructed Ir-Zr MOFs present high catalytic activity on aerobic photo-oxidation of sulfide into sulfoxide under visible light irradiation in water at room temperature. Moreover, the reaction is high chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. The catalyst can be readily recycled and reused at least 10 times without loss of catalytic activity. Mechanism studies demonstrate that superoxide radical is the reactive oxygen species in the sulfoxidation, which is generated by electron transfer from the excited triplet photosensitizer 3[Ir-Zr-MOF]* to O2. The high activity of photocatalytic sulfoxidation in water may be attributed to the stabilization of the persulfoxide intermediate by hydrogen bond formation with water solvent, which accelerates the conversion of persulfoxide into sulfoxide and prevents further oxidation of sulfoxide into sulfone. This work provides a new strategy for the green synthesis of sulfoxides under ambient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian-Qiang Wei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
- College of Chemistry and Bioengineering , Hechi University , Yizhou , 546300 , China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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22
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Jordan CJ, Cao J, Newman AH, Xi ZX. Progress in agonist therapy for substance use disorders: Lessons learned from methadone and buprenorphine. Neuropharmacology 2019; 158:107609. [PMID: 31009632 PMCID: PMC6745247 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Substance use disorders (SUD) are serious public health problems worldwide. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the neurobiology of drug reward and the transition to addiction, effective pharmacotherapies for SUD remain limited and a majority of drug users relapse even after a period of treatment. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several medications for opioid, nicotine, and alcohol use disorders, whereas none are approved for the treatment of cocaine or other psychostimulant use disorders. The medications approved by the FDA for the treatment of SUD can be divided into two major classes - agonist replacement therapies, such as methadone and buprenorphine for opioid use disorders (OUD), nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) and varenicline for nicotine use disorders (NUD), and antagonist therapies, such as naloxone for opioid overdose and naltrexone for promoting abstinence. In the present review, we primarily focus on the pharmacological rationale of agonist replacement strategies in treatment of opioid dependence, and the potential translation of this rationale to new therapies for cocaine use disorders. We begin by describing the neural mechanisms underlying opioid reward, followed by preclinical and clinical findings supporting the utility of agonist therapies in the treatment of OUD. We then discuss recent progress of agonist therapies for cocaine use disorders based on lessons learned from methadone and buprenorphine. We contend that future studies should identify agonist pharmacotherapies that can facilitate abstinence in patients who are motivated to quit their illicit drug use. Focusing on those that are able to achieve abstinence from cocaine will provide a platform to broaden the effectiveness of medication and psychosocial treatment strategies for this underserved population. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'New Vistas in Opioid Pharmacology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Jordan
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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23
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Li LP, Peng HL, Ye BH. Thermodynamic Resolution and Enantioselective Synthesis of C2-Symmetric Bis-sulfoxides Based on Chiral Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:12245-12253. [PMID: 31483628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Enantiopure Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) (where dfppy is (4,6-difluoropheny)pyridine) were demonstrated to preferentially react with (S,S)-1,2-bis(arylsulfinyl)ethane and (R,R)-1,2-bis(arylsulfinyl)ethane, respectively, under thermodynamic equilibrium. Sequential treatment of Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) with C2-symmetric bis-sulfoxides led to diastereoselective formation of the corresponding diastereomers Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(R,R)-bis-sulfoxide)](PF6) in 90-92% and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(S,S)-bis-sulfoxide)](PF6) in 88-90%, respectively. The uncoordinated (R,S)-bis-sulfoxides were afforded in 45% with >97% de values. Enantiopure (S,S)-bis-sulfoxides and (R,R)-bis-sulfoxides were respectively obtained by the release of sulfoxide ligands from the corresponding complexes in the presence of glycine in yields of 20-21% with 97-99% ee values. The enantioreceptors Λ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) and Δ-[Ir(dfppy)2(MeCN)2](PF6) can be recycled and reused in the next reaction cycle. Moreover, a protocol for asymmetric oxidation of prochiral bis-sulfide into enantiopure C2 symmetric bis-sulfoxide was also developed in a high enantioselectivity. The absolute configurations at the metal centers and sulfur atoms were determined by X-ray crystallography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - He-Long Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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24
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Keighron JD, Giancola JB, Shaffer RJ, DeMarco EM, Coggiano MA, Slack RD, Hauck Newman A, Tanda G. Distinct effects of (R)-modafinil and its (R)- and (S)-fluoro-analogs on mesolimbic extracellular dopamine assessed by voltammetry and microdialysis in rats. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:2045-2053. [PMID: 30402972 PMCID: PMC8294075 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Psychostimulant use disorders remain an unabated public health concern worldwide, but no FDA approved medications are currently available for treatment. Modafinil (MOD), like cocaine, is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and one of the few drugs evaluated in clinical trials that has shown promise for the treatment of cocaine or methamphetamine use disorders in some patient subpopulations. Recent structure-activity relationship and preclinical studies on a series of MOD analogs have provided insight into modifications of its chemical structure that may lead to advancements in clinical efficacy. Here, we have tested the effects of the clinically available (R)-enantiomer of MOD on extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell, a mesolimbic dopaminergic projection field that plays significant roles in various aspects of psychostimulant use disorders, measured in vivo by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry and by microdialysis in Sprague-Dawley rats. We have compared these results with those obtained under identical experimental conditions with two novel and enantiopure bis(F) analogs of MOD, JBG1-048 and JBG1-049. The results show that (R)-modafinil (R-MOD), JBG1-048, and JBG1-049, when administered intravenously with cumulative drug-doses, will block the dopamine transporter and reduce the clearance rate of dopamine, increasing its extracellular levels. Differences among the compounds in their maximum stimulation of dopamine levels, and in their time course of effects were also observed. These data highlight the mechanistic underpinnings of R-MOD and its bis(F) analogs as pharmacological tools to guide the discovery of novel medications to treat psychostimulant use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline D. Keighron
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
| | - JoLynn B. Giancola
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
| | - Rachel J. Shaffer
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
| | - Emily M. DeMarco
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
| | - Mark A. Coggiano
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
| | - Rachel D. Slack
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services; 333 Cassell Drive, TRIAD Bldg., Baltimore, MD, USA, 21224
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Newman AH, Cao J, Keighron JD, Jordan CJ, Bi GH, Liang Y, Abramyan AM, Avelar AJ, Tschumi CW, Beckstead MJ, Shi L, Tanda G, Xi ZX. Translating the atypical dopamine uptake inhibitor hypothesis toward therapeutics for treatment of psychostimulant use disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1435-1444. [PMID: 30858517 PMCID: PMC6785152 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-019-0366-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Medication-assisted treatments are unavailable to patients with cocaine use disorders. Efforts to develop potential pharmacotherapies have led to the identification of a promising lead molecule, JJC8-091, that demonstrates a novel binding mode at the dopamine transporter (DAT). Here, JJC8-091 and a structural analogue, JJC8-088, were extensively and comparatively assessed to elucidate neurochemical correlates to their divergent behavioral profiles. Despite sharing significant structural similarity, JJC8-088 was more cocaine-like, increasing extracellular DA concentrations in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAS) efficaciously and more potently than JJC8-091. In contrast, JJC8-091 was not self-administered and was effective in blocking cocaine-induced reinstatement to drug seeking. Electrophysiology experiments confirmed that JJC8-091 was more effective than JJC8-088 at inhibiting cocaine-mediated enhancement of DA neurotransmission. Further, when VTA DA neurons in DAT-cre mice were optically stimulated, JJC8-088 produced a significant leftward shift in the stimulation-response curve, similar to cocaine, while JJC8-091 shifted the curve downward, suggesting attenuation of DA-mediated brain reward. Computational models predicted that JJC8-088 binds in an outward facing conformation of DAT, similar to cocaine. Conversely, JJC8-091 steers DAT towards a more occluded conformation. Collectively, these data reveal the underlying molecular mechanism at DAT that may be leveraged to rationally optimize leads for the treatment of cocaine use disorders, with JJC8-091 representing a compelling candidate for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Jianjing Cao
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Jacqueline D. Keighron
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Chloe J. Jordan
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Ying Liang
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Ara M. Abramyan
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Alicia J. Avelar
- 0000 0001 0629 5880grid.267309.9Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Christopher W. Tschumi
- 0000 0001 0629 5880grid.267309.9Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA ,0000 0000 8527 6890grid.274264.1Aging & Metabolism Research Group, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Michael J. Beckstead
- 0000 0001 0629 5880grid.267309.9Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX USA ,0000 0000 8527 6890grid.274264.1Aging & Metabolism Research Group, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Lei Shi
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- 0000 0004 1936 8075grid.48336.3aMolecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
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Hellsberg E, Ecker GF, Stary-Weinzinger A, Forrest LR. A structural model of the human serotonin transporter in an outward-occluded state. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217377. [PMID: 31251747 PMCID: PMC6599148 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human serotonin transporter hSERT facilitates the reuptake of its endogenous substrate serotonin from the synaptic cleft into presynaptic neurons after signaling. Reuptake regulates the availability of this neurotransmitter and therefore hSERT plays an important role in balancing human mood conditions. In 2016, the first 3D structures of this membrane transporter were reported in an inhibitor-bound, outward-open conformation. These structures revealed valuable information about interactions of hSERT with antidepressant drugs. Nevertheless, the question remains how serotonin facilitates the specific conformational changes that open and close pathways from the synapse and to the cytoplasm as required for transport. Here, we present a serotonin-bound homology model of hSERT in an outward-occluded state, a key intermediate in the physiological cycle, in which the interactions with the substrate are likely to be optimal. Our approach uses two template structures and includes careful refinement and comprehensive computational validation. According to microsecond-long molecular dynamics simulations, this model exhibits interactions between the gating residues in the extracellular pathway, and these interactions differ from those in an outward-open conformation of hSERT bound to serotonin. Moreover, we predict several features of this state by monitoring the intracellular gating residues, the extent of hydration, and, most importantly, protein-ligand interactions in the central binding site. The results illustrate common and distinct characteristics of these two transporter states and provide a starting point for future investigations of the transport mechanism in hSERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hellsberg
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard F. Ecker
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Lucy R. Forrest
- Computational Structural Biology Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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27
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Li LP, Ye BH. Efficient Generation of Singlet Oxygen and Photooxidation of Sulfide into Sulfoxide via Tuning the Ancillary of Bicyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2019; 58:7775-7784. [PMID: 31185549 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
With 2-phenylquinoline (pq) as a cyclometalated ligand, a series of cationic Ir(III) complexes [Ir(pq)2(L1)2](PF6) (L1 is pyridine (1a), 4-methoxypyridine (1b), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (1c), and 4-acetylpyridine (1d)) and [Ir(pq)2(L2)](PF6) (L2 is 2,2'-bipyridine (1e), 2,2'-bipyrimidyl (1f), 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (1g), and 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine (1h)) were synthesized and characterized. The influence of the metal-based highest occupied molecular orbital on triplet-state lifetime, triplet-state quantum yield, and 1O2 generation quantum yield as well as aerobic photo-oxidation of sulfide into sulfoxide was evaluated via tuning the ancillary ligand of Ir(pq)2 complexes. The results revealed that 1h with chelate ancillary ligand bearing electron-donating group possesses a high 1O2 generation quantum yield (0.90) and photocatalytic activity for sulfide oxidation with high chemoselectivity and a low catalyst loading (0.5 mol %) under mild conditions. Moreover, one-pot two-step procedure for preparation of enantiopure sulfoxides, including aerobic photo-oxidation of sulfide using 1h as a photosensitizer and chiral resolution of sulfoxide via a chiral-at-metal strategy, was also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275 , China
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28
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Ladefoged LK, Zeppelin T, Schiøtt B. Molecular modeling of neurological membrane proteins − from binding sites to synapses. Neurosci Lett 2019; 700:38-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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29
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Keighron JD, Quarterman JC, Cao J, DeMarco EM, Coggiano MA, Gleaves A, Slack RD, Zanettini C, Newman AH, Tanda G. Effects of ( R)-Modafinil and Modafinil Analogues on Dopamine Dynamics Assessed by Voltammetry and Microdialysis in the Mouse Nucleus Accumbens Shell. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2012-2021. [PMID: 30645944 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have improved our understanding of the physiological and pathological roles of the dopamine transporter (DAT); however, only a few drugs are clinically available for DAT-implicated disorders. Among those drugs, modafinil (MOD) and its ( R)-enantiomer (R-MOD) have been used off-label as therapies for psychostimulant use disorders, but they have shown limited effectiveness in clinical trials. Recent preclinical studies on MOD and R-MOD have led to chemically modified structures aimed toward improving their neurobiological properties that might lead to more effective therapeutics for stimulant use disorders. This study examines three MOD analogues (JJC8-016, JJC8-088, and JJC8-091) with improved DAT affinities compared to their parent compound. These compounds were investigated for their effects on the neurochemistry (brain microdialysis and FSCV) and behavior (ambulatory activity) of male Swiss-Webster mice. Our data indicate that these compounds have dissimilar effects on tonic and phasic dopamine in the nucleus accumbens shell and variability in producing ambulatory activity. These results suggest that small changes in the chemical structure of a DAT inhibitor can cause compounds such as JJC8-088 to produce effects similar to abused psychostimulants like cocaine. In contrast, other compounds like JJC8-091 do not share cocaine-like effects and have a more atypical DAT-inhibitor profile, which may prove to be an advancement in the treatment of psychostimulant use disorders.
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30
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Murillo-Rodríguez E, Barciela Veras A, Barbosa Rocha N, Budde H, Machado S. An Overview of the Clinical Uses, Pharmacology, and Safety of Modafinil. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:151-158. [PMID: 29115823 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Modafinil (MOD) is a wakefulness-inducing compound prescribed for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness as a consequence of sleep disturbances such as shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or narcolepsy. While providing effective results in patients with sleepiness, MOD also produces positive outcomes in the management of fatigue associated with different conditions including depression, cancer, or tiredness in military personnel. Although there is clear evidence of the stimulant effects of MOD, current data also show that administration of this drug apparently induces positive neurobiological effects, such as improvement in memory. However, serious concerns have been raised since some reports have suggested MOD dependence. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to characterize the changes induced by MOD which have been observed in several neurobiological functions. Moreover, further work should follow up on the likely long-term effects of this drug if used for treatment of drowsiness and tiredness. Here, we review and summarize recent findings of the medical uses of MOD in the management of sleepiness and fatigue associated with depression or cancer as well as exhaustion in military personnel. We also discuss the available literature related with the cognitive enhancing properties of this stimulant, as well as what is known and unknown about MOD addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Murillo-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio
de Neurociencias Moleculares e Integrativas, Escuela de Medicina División
Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Grupo
de Investigación en Envejecimiento, División Ciencias
de la Salud, Universidad Anáhuac Mayab, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, México
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
| | - André Barciela Veras
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Grupo de Pesquisa Translacional em
Saúde Mental, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo
Grande, Mato Grosso del Sur 79117-900, Brazil
- Panic
and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
| | - Nuno Barbosa Rocha
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Health School, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Henning Budde
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Faculty
of Human Sciences, Medical School Hamburg, 20457 Hamburg, Germany
- Physical
Activity, Physical Education, Health and Sport Research Centre (PAPESH),
Sports Science Department, School of Science and Engineering, Reykjavik University, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland
- Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas 44221, Lithuania
| | - Sérgio Machado
- Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Yucatán, México
- Panic
and Respiration Laboratory, Institute of Psychiatry Federal, University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
- Physical
Activity Neuroscience Laboratory, Physical Activity Sciences Postgraduate
Program-Salgado de Oliveira University, Salgado de Oliveira University, Niterói 24030-060, Brazil
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31
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Tunstall BJ, Ho CP, Cao J, Vendruscolo JCM, Schmeichel BE, Slack RD, Tanda G, Gadiano AJ, Rais R, Slusher BS, Koob GF, Newman AH, Vendruscolo LF. Atypical dopamine transporter inhibitors attenuate compulsive-like methamphetamine self-administration in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 131:96-103. [PMID: 29217282 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive drug, but no pharmacological treatment is yet available for METH use disorders. Similar to METH, the wake-promoting drug (R)-modafinil (R-MOD) binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT). Unlike METH, R-MOD is not a substrate for transport by DAT and has low abuse potential. We tested the hypothesis that the atypical DAT inhibitor R-MOD and compounds that are derived from modafinil would decrease METH intake by reducing the actions of METH at the DAT. We tested the effects of systemic injections of R-MOD and four novel modafinil-derived ligands with increased DAT affinity (JJC8-016, JJC8-088, JJC8-089, and JJC8-091) on intravenous (i.v.) METH self-administration in rats that were allowed short access (ShA; 1 h) or long access (LgA; 6 h) to the drug. ShA rats exhibited stable METH intake over sessions, whereas LgA rats exhibited an escalation of drug intake. R-MOD decreased METH self-administration in ShA and LgA rats (in the 1st hour only). JJC8-091 and JJC8-016 decreased METH self-administration in both ShA and LgA rats. JJC8-089 decreased METH self-administration in LgA rats only, whereas JJC8-088 had no effect on METH self-administration in either ShA or LgA rats. These findings support the potential of atypical DAT inhibitors for the treatment of METH use disorders and suggest several novel compounds as candidate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J Tunstall
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chelsea P Ho
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaína C M Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brooke E Schmeichel
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel D Slack
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexandra J Gadiano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - George F Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy H Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Program, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Leandro F Vendruscolo
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Kalaba P, Aher NY, Ilić M, Dragačević V, Wieder M, Miklosi AG, Zehl M, Wackerlig J, Roller A, Beryozkina T, Radoman B, Saroja SR, Lindner W, Gonzalez EP, Bakulev V, Leban JJ, Sitte HH, Urban E, Langer T, Lubec G. Heterocyclic Analogues of Modafinil as Novel, Atypical Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9330-9348. [PMID: 29091428 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Modafinil is a wake promoting compound with high potential for cognitive enhancement. It is targeting the dopamine transporter (DAT) with moderate selectivity, thereby leading to reuptake inhibition and increased dopamine levels in the synaptic cleft. A series of modafinil analogues have been reported so far, but more target-specific analogues remain to be discovered. It was the aim of this study to synthesize and characterize such analogues and, indeed, a series of compounds were showing higher activities on the DAT and a higher selectivity toward DAT versus serotonin and norepinephrine transporters than modafinil. This was achieved by substituting the amide moiety by five- and six-membered aromatic heterocycles. In vitro studies indicated binding to the cocaine pocket on DAT, although molecular dynamics revealed binding different from that of cocaine. Moreover, no release of dopamine was observed, ruling out amphetamine-like effects. The absence of neurotoxicity of a representative analogue may encourage further preclinical studies of the above-mentioned compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Kalaba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nilima Y Aher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marija Ilić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Dragačević
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Wieder
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andras G Miklosi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Zehl
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Wackerlig
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tetyana Beryozkina
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Bojana Radoman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Wolfgang Lindner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna , Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eduardo Perez Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Fine Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Sao Paulo State , Roberto Simonsen 305, CEP 19060-900 Presidente Prudente, Sao Paolo, Brazil
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin , 19 Mira St., Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
| | - Johann Jakob Leban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Centre of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna , 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Paracelsus Medical University , 5020 Salzburg, Austria
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33
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Krout D, Pramod AB, Dahal RA, Tomlinson MJ, Sharma B, Foster JD, Zou MF, Boatang C, Newman AH, Lever JR, Vaughan RA, Henry LK. Inhibitor mechanisms in the S1 binding site of the dopamine transporter defined by multi-site molecular tethering of photoactive cocaine analogs. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 142:204-215. [PMID: 28734777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine transporter (DAT) blockers like cocaine and many other abused and therapeutic drugs bind and stabilize an inactive form of the transporter inhibiting reuptake of extracellular dopamine (DA). The resulting increases in DA lead to the ability of these drugs to induce psychomotor alterations and addiction, but paradoxical findings in animal models indicate that not all DAT antagonists induce cocaine-like behavioral outcomes. How this occurs is not known, but one possibility is that uptake inhibitors may bind at multiple locations or in different poses to stabilize distinct conformational transporter states associated with differential neurochemical endpoints. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing the pharmacological inhibition of DAT is therefore key for understanding the requisite interactions for behavioral modulation and addiction. Previously, we leveraged complementary computational docking, mutagenesis, peptide mapping, and substituted cysteine accessibility strategies to identify the specific adduction site and binding pose for the crosslinkable, photoactive cocaine analog, RTI 82, which contains a photoactive azide attached at the 2β position of the tropane pharmacophore. Here, we utilize similar methodology with a different cocaine analog N-[4-(4-azido-3-I-iodophenyl)-butyl]-2-carbomethoxy-3-(4-chlorophenyl)tropane, MFZ 2-24, where the photoactive azide is attached to the tropane nitrogen. In contrast to RTI 82, which crosslinked into residue Phe319 of transmembrane domain (TM) 6, our findings show that MFZ 2-24 adducts to Leu80 in TM1 with modeling and biochemical data indicating that MFZ 2-24, like RTI 82, occupies the central S1 binding pocket with the (+)-charged tropane ring nitrogen coordinating with the (-)-charged carboxyl side chain of Asp79. The superimposition of the tropane ring in the three-dimensional binding poses of these two distinct ligands provides strong experimental evidence for cocaine binding to DAT in the S1 site and the importance of the tropane moiety in competitive mechanisms of DA uptake inhibition. These findings set a structure-function baseline for comparison of typical and atypical DAT inhibitors and how their interactions with DAT could lead to the loss of cocaine-like behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Krout
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Akula Bala Pramod
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Rejwi Acharya Dahal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Michael J Tomlinson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Babita Sharma
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - James D Foster
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Mu-Fa Zou
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Comfort Boatang
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - John R Lever
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA; Department of Radiology and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Roxanne A Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
| | - L Keith Henry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, 1301 North Columbia Road, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.
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Avelar AJ, Cao J, Newman AH, Beckstead MJ. Atypical dopamine transporter inhibitors R-modafinil and JHW 007 differentially affect D2 autoreceptor neurotransmission and the firing rate of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuropharmacology 2017; 123:410-419. [PMID: 28625719 PMCID: PMC5546153 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Abuse of psychostimulants like cocaine that inhibit dopamine (DA) reuptake through the dopamine transporter (DAT) represents a major public health issue, however FDA-approved pharmacotherapies have yet to be developed. Recently a class of ligands termed "atypical DAT inhibitors" has gained attention due to their range of effectiveness in increasing extracellular DA levels without demonstrating significant abuse liability. These compounds not only hold promise as therapeutic agents to treat stimulant use disorders but also as experimental tools to improve our understanding of DAT function. Here we used patch clamp electrophysiology in mouse brain slices to explore the effects of two atypical DAT inhibitors (R-modafinil and JHW 007) on the physiology of single DA neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area. Despite their commonalities of being DAT inhibitors that lack cocaine-like behavioral profiles, these compounds exhibited surprisingly divergent cellular effects. Similar to cocaine, R-modafinil slowed DA neuron firing in a D2 receptor-dependent manner and rapidly enhanced the amplitude and duration of D2 receptor-mediated currents in the midbrain. In contrast, JHW 007 exhibited little effect on firing, slow DAT blockade, and an unexpected inhibition of D2 receptor-mediated currents that may be due to direct D2 receptor antagonism. Furthermore, pretreatment with JHW 007 blunted the cellular effects of cocaine, suggesting that it may be valuable to investigate similar DAT inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents. Further exploration of these and other atypical DAT inhibitors may reveal important cellular effects of compounds that will have potential as pharmacotherapies for treating cocaine use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Avelar
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
| | - Jianjing Cao
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| | - Michael J Beckstead
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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The Novel Modafinil Analog, JJC8-016, as a Potential Cocaine Abuse Pharmacotherapeutic. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1871-1883. [PMID: 28266501 PMCID: PMC5564383 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(±)Modafinil ((±)MOD) and its R-enantiomer (R-modafinil; R-MOD) have been investigated for their potential as treatments for psychostimulant addiction. We recently reported a series of (±)MOD analogs, of which JJC8-016 (N-(2-((bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl)thio)ethyl)-3-phenylpropan-1-amine) was selected for further development. JJC8-016 and R-MOD were evaluated for binding across ~70 receptors, transporters, and enzymes. Although at a concentration of 10 μM, there were many hits for JJC8-016, binding affinities in the range of its DAT affinity were only observed at the serotonin transporter (SERT), dopamine D2-like, and sigma1 receptors. R-MOD was more selective, but had much lower affinity at the DAT (Ki=3 μM) than JJC8-016 (Ki=116 nM). In rats, systemic administration of R-MOD alone (10-30 mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently increased locomotor activity and electrical brain-stimulation reward, whereas JJC8-016 (10-30 mg/kg i.p.) did not produce these effects. Strikingly, pretreatment with JJC8-016 dose-dependently inhibited cocaine-enhanced locomotion, cocaine self-administration, and cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, whereas R-MOD inhibited cocaine-induced reinstatement only at the high dose of 100 mg/kg. Notably, JJC8-016 alone neither altered extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens nor maintained self-administration. It also failed to induce reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. These findings suggest that JJC8-016 is a unique DAT inhibitor that has no cocaine-like abuse potential by itself. Moreover, pretreatment with JJC8-016 significantly inhibits cocaine-taking and cocaine-seeking behavior likely by interfering with cocaine binding to DAT. In addition, off-target actions may also contribute to its potential therapeutic utility in the treatment of cocaine abuse.
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36
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Synthesis and anti(myco)bacterial activity of novel 5,5-diphenylpyrrolidine N-aroylthiourea derivatives and a functionalized hexahydro-1H-pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazole. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-1907-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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37
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Yao SY, Chen XY, Ou YL, Ye BH. Chiral Recognition and Dynamic Thermodynamic Resolution of Sulfoxides by Chiral Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:878-885. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yang Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing-Yang Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yan-Ling Ou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and
Synthetic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Cao J, Slack RD, Bakare OM, Burzynski C, Rais R, Slusher BS, Kopajtic T, Bonifazi A, Ellenberger MP, Yano H, He Y, Bi GH, Xi ZX, Loland CJ, Newman AH. Novel and High Affinity 2-[(Diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl]acetamide (Modafinil) Analogues as Atypical Dopamine Transporter Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10676-10691. [PMID: 27933960 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of pharmacotherapeutic treatments of psychostimulant abuse has remained a challenge, despite significant efforts made toward relevant mechanistic targets, such as the dopamine transporter (DAT). The atypical DAT inhibitors have received attention due to their promising pharmacological profiles in animal models of cocaine and methamphetamine abuse. Herein, we report a series of modafinil analogues that have an atypical DAT inhibitor profile. We extended SAR by chemically manipulating the oxidation states of the sulfoxide and the amide functional groups, halogenating the phenyl rings, and/or functionalizing the terminal nitrogen with substituted piperazines, resulting in several novel leads such as 11b, which demonstrated high DAT affinity (Ki = 2.5 nM) and selectivity without producing concomitant locomotor stimulation in mice, as compared to cocaine. These results are consistent with an atypical DAT inhibitor profile and suggest that 11b may be a potential lead for development as a psychostimulant abuse medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjing Cao
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Rachel D Slack
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Oluyomi M Bakare
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Caitlin Burzynski
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Rana Rais
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Barbara S Slusher
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins Drug Discovery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , 855 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Theresa Kopajtic
- Psychobiology Section, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Alessandro Bonifazi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Michael P Ellenberger
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Hideaki Yano
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Yi He
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Claus J Loland
- Molecular Neuropharmacology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health , 333 Cassell Drive, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
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Dong N, Zhang ZP, Xue XS, Li X, Cheng JP. Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,6-Conjugate Addition of Thioacetic Acid to para
-Quinone Methides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:1460-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Dong
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhi-Pei Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Li
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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40
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Dong N, Zhang ZP, Xue XS, Li X, Cheng JP. Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,6-Conjugate Addition of Thioacetic Acid to para
-Quinone Methides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Dong
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Zhi-Pei Zhang
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xiao-Song Xue
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Xin Li
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jin-Pei Cheng
- State key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering; Department of Chemistry (Tianjin); Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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41
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Li ZZ, Yao SY, Wen AH, Ye BH. Asymmetric Oxidation Synthesis of Modafinil Acid by Use of a Recyclable Chiral-at-Metal Complex. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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42
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Wang XF, Bi GH, He Y, Yang HJ, Gao JT, Okunola-Bakare OM, Slack RD, Gardner EL, Xi ZX, Newman AH. R-modafinil attenuates nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behavior in alcohol-preferring rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1762-71. [PMID: 25613829 PMCID: PMC4915260 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
(±)-Modafinil (MOD) is used clinically for the treatment of sleep disorders and has been investigated as a potential medication for the treatment of psychostimulant addiction. However, the therapeutic efficacy of (±)-MOD for addiction is inconclusive. Herein we used animal models of self-administration and in vivo microdialysis to study the pharmacological actions of R-modafinil (R-MOD) and S-modafinil (S-MOD) on nicotine-taking and nicotine-seeking behavior, and mechanisms underlying such actions. We found that R-MOD is more potent and effective than S-MOD in attenuating nicotine self-administration in Long-Evans rats. As Long-Evans rats did not show a robust reinstatement response to nicotine, we used alcohol-preferring rats (P-rats) that display much higher reinstatement responses to nicotine than Long-Evans rats. We found that R-MOD significantly inhibited intravenous nicotine self-administration, nicotine-induced reinstatement, and nicotine-associated cue-induced drug-seeking behavior in P-rats. R-MOD alone neither sustained self-administration in P-rats previously self-administering nicotine nor reinstated extinguished nicotine-seeking behavior. The in vivo brain microdialysis assays demonstrated that R-MOD alone produced a slow-onset moderate increase in extracellular DA. Pretreatment with R-MOD dose-dependently blocked nicotine-induced dopamine (DA) release in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) in both naive and nicotine self-administrating rats, suggesting a DA-dependent mechanism underlying mitigation of nicotine's effects. In conclusion, the present findings support further investigation of R-MOD for treatment of nicotine dependence in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Wang
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Target and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guo-Hua Bi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Target and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi He
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Target and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hong-Ju Yang
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Target and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun-Tao Gao
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Target and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Oluyomi M Okunola-Bakare
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel D Slack
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eliot L Gardner
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Target and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zheng-Xiong Xi
- Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Molecular Target and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Neuropsychopharmacology Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: +1 443 740 2517, Fax: +1 443 740 2781, E-mail:
| | - Amy Hauck Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Medicinal Chemistry Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA, Tel: +1 443 740 2887, Fax: +1 443 740 2111, E-mail:
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43
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Li ZZ, Wen AH, Yao SY, Ye BH. Enantioselective Syntheses of Sulfoxides in Octahedral Ruthenium(II) Complexes via a Chiral-at-Metal Strategy. Inorg Chem 2015; 54:2726-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ic502898e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Zheng Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - A-Hao Wen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Su-Yang Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Bao-Hui Ye
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Synthetic Chemistry,
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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