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Yu L, Xu Y, Al-Amin M, Jiang S, Sample M, Prasad A, Stephanopoulos N, Šulc P, Yan H. CytoDirect: A Nucleic Acid Nanodevice for Specific and Efficient Delivery of Functional Payloads to the Cytoplasm. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27336-27347. [PMID: 38055928 PMCID: PMC10789493 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct and efficient delivery of functional payloads such as chemotherapy drugs, siRNA, or small-molecule inhibitors into the cytoplasm, bypassing the endo/lysosomal trapping, is a challenging task for intracellular medicine. Here, we take advantage of the programmability of DNA nanotechnology to develop a DNA nanodevice called CytoDirect, which incorporates disulfide units and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) affibodies into a DNA origami nanostructure, enabling rapid cytosolic uptake into targeted cancer cells and deep tissue penetration. We further demonstrated that therapeutic oligonucleotides and small-molecule chemotherapy drugs can be easily delivered by CytoDirect and showed notable effects on gene knockdown and cell apoptosis, respectively. This study demonstrates the synergistic effect of disulfide and HER2 affibody modifications on the rapid cytosolic delivery of DNA origami and its payloads to targeted cells and deep tissues, thereby expanding the delivery capabilities of DNA nanostructures in a new direction for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Yu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Yang Xu
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Md Al-Amin
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Shuoxing Jiang
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Matthew Sample
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Abhay Prasad
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Nicholas Stephanopoulos
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Petr Šulc
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Molecular Sciences and Center for Molecular Design and Biomimetics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85281, United States
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2
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Tan JS, Jaffar Ali MNB, Gan BK, Tan WS. Next-generation viral nanoparticles for targeted delivery of therapeutics: Fundamentals, methods, biomedical applications, and challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:955-978. [PMID: 37339432 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2228202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are virus-based nanocarriers that have been studied extensively and intensively for biomedical applications. However, their clinical translation is relatively low compared to the predominating lipid-based nanoparticles. Therefore, this article describes the fundamentals, challenges, and solutions of the VNP-based platform, which will leverage the development of next-generation VNPs. AREAS COVERED Different types of VNPs and their biomedical applications are reviewed comprehensively. Strategies and approaches for cargo loading and targeted delivery of VNPs are examined thoroughly. The latest developments in controlled release of cargoes from VNPs and their mechanisms are highlighted too. The challenges faced by VNPs in biomedical applications are identified, and solutions are provided to overcome them. EXPERT OPINION In the development of next-generation VNPs for gene therapy, bioimaging and therapeutic deliveries, focus must be given to reduce their immunogenicity, and increase their stability in the circulatory system. Modular virus-like particles (VLPs) which are produced separately from their cargoes or ligands before all the components are coupled can speed up clinical trials and commercialization. In addition, removal of contaminants from VNPs, cargo delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB), and targeting of VNPs to organelles intracellularly are challenges that will preoccupy researchers in this decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Sen Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Norizwan Bin Jaffar Ali
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bee Koon Gan
- Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wen Siang Tan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Marchetti L, Simon-Gracia L, Lico C, Mancuso M, Baschieri S, Santi L, Teesalu T. Targeting of Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus with a Genetically Fused C-End Rule Peptide. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1428. [PMID: 37111013 PMCID: PMC10143547 DOI: 10.3390/nano13081428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Homing peptides are widely used to improve the delivery of drugs, imaging agents, and nanoparticles (NPs) to their target sites. Plant virus-based particles represent an emerging class of structurally diverse nanocarriers that are biocompatible, biodegradable, safe, and cost-effective. Similar to synthetic NPs, these particles can be loaded with imaging agents and/or drugs and functionalized with affinity ligands for targeted delivery. Here we report the development of a peptide-guided Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus (TBSV)-based nanocarrier platform for affinity targeting with the C-terminal C-end rule (CendR) peptide, RPARPAR (RPAR). Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy demonstrated that the TBSV-RPAR NPs bind specifically to and internalize in cells positive for the peptide receptor neuropilin-1 (NRP-1). TBSV-RPAR particles loaded with a widely used anticancer anthracycline, doxorubicin, showed selective cytotoxicity on NRP-1-expressing cells. Following systemic administration in mice, RPAR functionalization conferred TBSV particles the ability to accumulate in the lung tissue. Collectively, these studies show the feasibility of the CendR-targeted TBSV platform for the precision delivery of payloads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Marchetti
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lorena Simon-Gracia
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Chiara Lico
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Laboratory of Biomedical Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Selene Baschieri
- Laboratory of Biotechnologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, ENEA, Casaccia Research Center, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Santi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Tambet Teesalu
- Laboratory of Precision and Nanomedicine, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, 50090 Tartu, Estonia
- Materials Research Laboratory, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
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Placidi G, Mattu C, Ciardelli G, Campa CC. Small molecules targeting endocytic uptake and recycling pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125801. [PMID: 36968200 PMCID: PMC10036367 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past years a growing number of studies highlighted the pivotal role of intracellular trafficking in cell physiology. Among the distinct transport itineraries connecting the endocytic system, both internalization (endocytosis) and recycling (endocytic recycling) pathways were found fundamental to ensure cellular sensing, cell-to-cell communication, cellular division, and collective cell migration in tissue specific-contexts. Consistently, the dysregulation of endocytic trafficking pathways is correlated with several human diseases including both cancers and neurodegeneration. Aimed at suppress specific intracellular trafficking routes involved in disease onset and progression, huge efforts have been made to identify small molecule inhibitors with suitable pharmacological properties for in vivo administration. Here, we review most used drugs and recently discovered small molecules able to block endocytosis and endocytic recycling pathways. We characterize such pharmacological inhibitors by emphasizing their target specificity, molecular affinity, biological activity and efficacy in both in vitro and in vivo experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampaolo Placidi
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Mattu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Gianluca Ciardelli
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Chemical-Physical Processes, National Research Council (CNR-IPCF), Pisa, Italy
| | - Carlo C. Campa
- Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
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5
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McQuaid C, Solorzano A, Dickerson I, Deane R. Uptake of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spike protein mediated by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 and ganglioside in human cerebrovascular cells. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1117845. [PMID: 36875642 PMCID: PMC9980911 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1117845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is clinical evidence of neurological manifestations in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, it is unclear whether differences in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)/spike protein (SP) uptake by cells of the cerebrovasculature contribute to significant viral uptake to cause these symptoms. Methods Since the initial step in viral invasion is binding/uptake, we used fluorescently labeled wild type and mutant SARS-CoV-2/SP to study this process. Three cerebrovascular cell types were used (endothelial cells, pericytes, and vascular smooth muscle cells), in vitro. Results There was differential SARS-CoV-2/SP uptake by these cell types. Endothelial cells had the least uptake, which may limit SARS-CoV-2 uptake into brain from blood. Uptake was time and concentration dependent, and mediated by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2), and ganglioside (mono-sialotetrahexasylganglioside, GM1) that is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system and the cerebrovasculature. SARS-CoV-2/SPs with mutation sites, N501Y, E484K, and D614G, as seen in variants of interest, were also differentially taken up by these cell types. There was greater uptake compared to that of the wild type SARS-CoV-2/SP, but neutralization with anti-ACE2 or anti-GM1 antibodies was less effective. Conclusion The data suggested that in addition to ACE2, gangliosides are also an important entry point of SARS-CoV-2/SP into these cells. Since SARS-CoV-2/SP binding/uptake is the initial step in the viral penetration into cells, a longer exposure and higher titer are required for significant uptake into the normal brain. Gangliosides, including GM1, could be an additional potential SARS-CoV-2 and therapeutic target at the cerebrovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rashid Deane
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute Neuroscience, University of Rochester, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, NY, United States
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Mao C, Beiss V, Ho GW, Fields J, Steinmetz NF, Fiering S. In situ vaccination with cowpea mosaic virus elicits systemic antitumor immunity and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e005834. [PMID: 36460333 PMCID: PMC9723958 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In situ vaccination (ISV) is a cancer immunotherapy strategy in which immunostimulatory reagents are introduced directly into a tumor to stimulate antitumor immunity both against the treated tumor and systemically against untreated tumors. Recently, we showed that cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a potent multi-toll-like receptor (TLR) agonist with potent efficacy for treating tumors in mice and dogs by ISV. However, ISV with CPMV alone does not uniformly treat all mouse tumor models tested, however this can be overcome through strategic combinations. More insight is needed to delineate potency and mechanism of systemic antitumor immunity and abscopal effect. METHOD We investigated the systemic efficacy (abscopal effect) of CPMV ISV with a two-tumor mouse model using murine tumor lines B16F10, 4T1, CT26 and MC38. Flow cytometry identified changes in cell populations responsible for systemic efficacy of CPMV. Transgenic knockout mice and depleting antibodies validated the role of relevant candidate cell populations and cytokines. We evaluated these findings and engineered a multicomponent combination therapy to specifically target the candidate cell population and investigated its systemic efficacy, acquired resistance and immunological memory in mouse models. RESULTS ISV with CPMV induces systemic antitumor T-cell-mediated immunity that inhibits growth of untreated tumors and requires conventional type-1 dendritic cells (cDC1s). Furthermore, using multiple tumor mouse models resistant to anti-programmed death 1 (PD-1) therapy, we tested the hypothesis that CPMV along with local activation of antigen-presenting cells with agonistic anti-CD40 can synergize and strengthen antitumor efficacy. Indeed, this combination ISV strategy induces an influx of CD8+ T cells, triggers regression in both treated local and untreated distant tumors and potentiates tumor responses to anti-PD-1 therapy. Moreover, serial ISV overcomes resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy and establishes tumor-specific immunological memory. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into in situ TLR activation and cDC1 recruitment as effective strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy in treated and untreated tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenkai Mao
- Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Veronique Beiss
- Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gregory W Ho
- Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jennifer Fields
- Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven Fiering
- Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA
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7
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Kim H, Yeow J, Najer A, Kit‐Anan W, Wang R, Rifaie‐Graham O, Thanapongpibul C, Stevens MM. Microliter Scale Synthesis of Luciferase-Encapsulated Polymersomes as Artificial Organelles for Optogenetic Modulation of Cardiomyocyte Beating. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200239. [PMID: 35901502 PMCID: PMC9507352 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Constructing artificial systems that effectively replace or supplement natural biological machinery within cells is one of the fundamental challenges underpinning bioengineering. At the sub-cellular scale, artificial organelles (AOs) have significant potential as long-acting biomedical implants, mimicking native organelles by conducting intracellularly compartmentalized enzymatic actions. The potency of these AOs can be heightened when judiciously combined with genetic engineering, producing highly tailorable biohybrid cellular systems. Here, the authors present a cost-effective, microliter scale (10 µL) polymersome (PSome) synthesis based on polymerization-induced self-assembly for the in situ encapsulation of Gaussia luciferase (GLuc), as a model luminescent enzyme. These GLuc-loaded PSomes present ideal features of AOs including enhanced enzymatic resistance to thermal, proteolytic, and intracellular stresses. To demonstrate their biomodulation potential, the intracellular luminescence of GLuc-loaded PSomes is coupled to optogenetically engineered cardiomyocytes, allowing modulation of cardiac beating frequency through treatment with coelenterazine (CTZ) as the substrate for GLuc. The long-term intracellular stability of the luminescent AOs allows this cardiostimulatory phenomenon to be reinitiated with fresh CTZ even after 7 days in culture. This synergistic combination of organelle-mimicking synthetic materials with genetic engineering is therefore envisioned as a highly universal strategy for the generation of new biohybrid cellular systems displaying unique triggerable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Kim
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Jonathan Yeow
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Adrian Najer
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Worrapong Kit‐Anan
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Richard Wang
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Omar Rifaie‐Graham
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Chalaisorn Thanapongpibul
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
| | - Molly M. Stevens
- Department of MaterialsDepartment of Bioengineeringand Institute of Biomedical EngineeringImperial College LondonLondonSW7 2AZUK
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Griffiths G, Gruenberg J, Marsh M, Wohlmann J, Jones AT, Parton RG. Nanoparticle entry into cells; the cell biology weak link. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114403. [PMID: 35777667 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NP) are attractive options for the therapeutic delivery of active pharmaceutical drugs, proteins and nucleic acids into cells, tissues and organs. Research into the development and application of NP most often starts with a diverse group of scientists, including chemists, bioengineers and material and pharmaceutical scientists, who design, fabricate and characterize NP in vitro (Stage 1). The next step (Stage 2) generally investigates cell toxicity as well as the processes by which NP bind, are internalized and deliver their cargo to appropriate model tissue culture cells. Subsequently, in Stage 3, selected NP are tested in animal systems, mostly mouse. Whereas the chemistry-based development and analysis in Stage 1 is increasingly sophisticated, the investigations in Stage 2 are not what could be regarded as 'state-of-the-art' for the cell biology field and the quality of research into NP interactions with cells is often sub-standard. In this review we describe our current understanding of the mechanisms by which particles gain entry into mammalian cells via endocytosis. We summarize the most important areas for concern, highlight some of the most common mis-conceptions, and identify areas where NP scientists could engage with trained cell biologists. Our survey of the different mechanisms of uptake into cells makes us suspect that claims for roles for caveolae, as well as macropinocytosis, in NP uptake into cells have been exaggerated, whereas phagocytosis has been under-appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Griffiths
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jean Gruenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 30 quai E. Ansermet, 1211-Geneva-4, Switzerland
| | - Mark Marsh
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jens Wohlmann
- Department Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindernveien 31, PO Box 1041, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Arwyn T Jones
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, Wales CF103NB, UK
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience and Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Qld 4072, Australia
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Kodali V, Afshari A, Meighan T, McKinney W, Mazumder MHH, Majumder N, Cumpston JL, Leonard HD, Cumpston JB, Friend S, Leonard SS, Erdely A, Zeidler-Erdely PC, Hussain S, Lee EG, Antonini JM. In vivo and in vitro toxicity of a stainless-steel aerosol generated during thermal spray coating. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:3201-3217. [PMID: 35984461 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thermal spray coating is an industrial process in which molten metal is sprayed at high velocity onto a surface as a protective coating. An automated electric arc wire thermal spray coating aerosol generator and inhalation exposure system was developed to simulate an occupational exposure and, using this system, male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to stainless steel PMET720 aerosols at 25 mg/m3 × 4 h/day × 9 day. Lung injury, inflammation, and cytokine alteration were determined. Resolution was assessed by evaluating these parameters at 1, 7, 14 and 28 d after exposure. The aerosols generated were also collected and characterized. Macrophages were exposed in vitro over a wide dose range (0-200 µg/ml) to determine cytotoxicity and to screen for known mechanisms of toxicity. Welding fumes were used as comparative particulate controls. In vivo lung damage, inflammation and alteration in cytokines were observed 1 day post exposure and this response resolved by day 7. Alveolar macrophages retained the particulates even after 28 day post-exposure. In line with the pulmonary toxicity findings, in vitro cytotoxicity and membrane damage in macrophages were observed only at the higher doses. Electron paramagnetic resonance showed in an acellular environment the particulate generated free radicals and a dose-dependent increase in intracellular oxidative stress and NF-kB/AP-1 activity was observed. PMET720 particles were internalized via clathrin and caveolar mediated endocytosis as well as actin-dependent pinocytosis/phagocytosis. The results suggest that compared to stainless steel welding fumes, the PMET 720 aerosols were not as overtly toxic, and the animals recovered from the acute pulmonary injury by 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vamsi Kodali
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Aliakbar Afshari
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Terence Meighan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Walter McKinney
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Md Habibul Hasan Mazumder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Nairrita Majumder
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Jared L Cumpston
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Howard D Leonard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - James B Cumpston
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Sherri Friend
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
| | - Stephen S Leonard
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Aaron Erdely
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Patti C Zeidler-Erdely
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Salik Hussain
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Center for Inhalation Toxicology (iTOX), School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Eun Gyung Lee
- Respiratory Health Division, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - James M Antonini
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Health Effects Laboratory Division, 1000 Frederick Lane (Mailstop 2015), Morgantown, WV, 26508, USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
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10
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Kirman DC, Renganathan B, Chui WK, Chen MW, Kaya NA, Ge R. Cell surface nucleolin is a novel ADAMTS5 receptor mediating endothelial cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:172. [PMID: 35197459 PMCID: PMC8866485 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04618-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS) 5 functions as an anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer protein independent of its metalloproteinase activity. Both full-length ADAMTS5 and TS5-p45, the autocatalytically cleaved C-terminal 45 kDa truncate of ADAMTS5, inhibits angiogenesis, and induces endothelial cell (EC) apoptosis. However, how ADAMTS5 triggers EC apoptosis remains unclear. This work shows that caspase-8 (Cas-8) and caspase-9 (Cas-9) are involved in TS5-p45-induced EC apoptosis. We identify cell surface nucleolin (NCL) as a novel high-affinity receptor for TS5-p45 in ECs, mediating TS5-p45's cell surface binding and pro-apoptotic function. We show that the central RNA-binding domain (RBD) of NCL is essential and sufficient for its binding to TS5-p45. Upon interacting with EC surface NCL, TS5-p45 is internalized through clathrin- and caveolin-dependent endocytosis and trafficked to the nucleus via late endosomes (LEs). We demonstrate that the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45 is important for its pro-apoptotic activity as disruption of LE membrane integrity with an endosomolytic peptide suppressed both nuclear trafficking and pro-apoptotic activity of TS5-p45. Through cell surface biotinylation, we revealed that cell surface NCL shuttles extracellular TS5-p45 to the nucleus to mediate apoptosis. Furthermore, blocking the importin α1/ß1 receptor hindered the nuclear trafficking of TS5-p45, suggesting the involvement of the nuclear importing machinery for this nuclear translocation. RNA-seq identified many apoptosis-related genes that are differentially expressed at least two-fold in TS5-p45-treated ECs, with 10 of them qRT-PCR-validated and at least 5 of these genes potentially contributing to TS5-p45-NCL-induced apoptosis. Altogether, our work identifies NCL as a novel cell surface receptor for ADAMTS5 and demonstrates the critical role of NCL-mediated internalization and nuclear trafficking for ADAMTS5-induced EC apoptosis. These findings reveal novel mechanistic insights of the secreted metalloproteinase ADAMTS5 in angiogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dogan Can Kirman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Bhuvanasundar Renganathan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wai Kit Chui
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ming Wei Chen
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Neslihan Arife Kaya
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
| | - Ruowen Ge
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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11
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Mitra K, Chadha A, Muthuvijayan V, Doble M. Self-Assembled Inhalable Immunomodulatory Silk Fibroin Nanocarriers for Enhanced Drug Loading and Intracellular Antibacterial Activity. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:708-721. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Mitra
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences& National Center for Catalysis Research (NCCR), Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Anju Chadha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences& National Center for Catalysis Research (NCCR), Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Vignesh Muthuvijayan
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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12
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Chan SK, Steinmetz NF. Isolation of Cowpea Mosaic Virus-Binding Peptides. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3613-3623. [PMID: 34314166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) is a natural nanocarrier that has been developed as a platform technology for the delivery of various payloads including peptide epitopes for vaccines, contrast agents for imaging, and drugs for therapy. Genetic fusion and chemical conjugations are the mainstay approaches to load the active ingredient to the exterior and/or interior of CPMV. However, these methods have limitations; genetic engineering is limited to biologics, and chemical alteration often requires multistep reactions with modification of both CPMV and the active ingredient. Either method can also result in particle instability. Therefore, to provide an alternate path toward CPMV functionalization, we report the isolation of peptides that specifically bind to CPMV, termed CPMV-binding peptides (CBP). We used a commercial M13 phage display 7-mer peptide library to pan for and select peptides that selectively bind to CPMV. Biopanning and characterization of lead candidates resulted in isolation of the motif "GWRVSEF/L" as the CPMV-specific motif with phenylalanine (F) at the seventh position being stronger than leucine (L). Specificity to CPMV was demonstrated, and cross-reactivity toward other plant viruses was not observed. To demonstrate cargo loading, GWRVSEF was tagged with biotin, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-specific targeting peptide ligand. Display of the active ingredient was confirmed, and utility of tagged and targeted CPMV in cell binding assays was demonstrated. The CBP functionalization strategy offers a new avenue for CPMV nanoparticle functionalization and should offer a versatile tool to add active ingredients that otherwise may be difficult to conjugate or display.
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Rizzardi N, Liparulo I, Antonelli G, Orsini F, Riva A, Bergamini C, Fato R. Coenzyme Q10 Phytosome Formulation Improves CoQ10 Bioavailability and Mitochondrial Functionality in Cultured Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060927. [PMID: 34200321 PMCID: PMC8226950 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a lipid-soluble molecule with a dual role: it transfers electrons in the mitochondrial transport chain by promoting the transmembrane potential exploited by the ATPase to synthesize ATP and, in its reduced form, is a membrane antioxidant. Since the high CoQ10 hydrophobicity hinders its bioavailability, several formulations have been developed to facilitate its cellular uptake. In this work, we studied the bioenergetic and antioxidant effects in I407 and H9c2 cells of a CoQ10 phytosome formulation (UBIQSOME®, UBQ). We investigated the cellular and mitochondrial content of CoQ10 and its redox state after incubation with UBQ. We studied different bioenergetic parameters, such as oxygen consumption, ATP content and mitochondrial potential. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of CoQ10 incubation on oxidative stress, membrane lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis and highlighted the connection between the intracellular concentration of CoQ10 and its antioxidant potency. Finally, we focused on the cellular mechanism that regulates UBQ internalization. We showed that the cell lines used in this work share the same uptake mechanism for UBQ, although the intestinal cell line was less efficient. Given the limitations of an in vitro model, the latter result supports that intestinal absorption is a critical step for the oral administration of Coenzyme Q10 formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Rizzardi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Irene Liparulo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
| | - Giorgia Antonelli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
| | | | - Antonella Riva
- Indena SpA, Viale Ortles, 20139 Milan, Italy; (F.O.); (A.R.)
| | - Christian Bergamini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-209-1240
| | - Romana Fato
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, FABIT, University of Bologna, 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (N.R.); (I.L.); (G.A.); (R.F.)
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14
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Nkanga CI, Steinmetz NF. The pharmacology of plant virus nanoparticles. Virology 2021; 556:39-61. [PMID: 33545555 PMCID: PMC7974633 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The application of nanoparticles for medical purposes has made enormous strides in providing new solutions to health problems. The observation that plant virus-based nanoparticles (VNPs) can be repurposed and engineered as smart bio-vehicles for targeted drug delivery and imaging has launched extensive research for improving the therapeutic and diagnostic management of various diseases. There is evidence that VNPs are promising high value nanocarriers with potential for translational development. This is mainly due to their unique features, encompassing structural uniformity, ease of manufacture and functionalization by means of expression, chemical biology and self-assembly. While the development pipeline is moving rapidly, with many reports focusing on engineering and manufacturing aspects to tailor the properties and efficacy of VNPs, fewer studies have focused on gaining insights into the nanotoxicity of this novel platform nanotechnology. Herein, we discuss the pharmacology of VNPs as a function of formulation and route of administration. VNPs are reviewed in the context of their application as therapeutic adjuvants or nanocarrier excipients to initiate, enhance, attenuate or impede the formulation's toxicity. The summary of the data however also underlines the need for meticulous VNP structure-nanotoxicity studies to improve our understanding of their in vivo fates and pharmacological profiles to pave the way for translation of VNP-based formulations into the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States; Department of Bioengineering, Department of Radiology, Center for NanoImmunoEngineering, Moores Cancer Center, Institute for Materials Discovery and Design, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, United States.
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15
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Gama P, Cadena-Nava RD, Juarez-Moreno K, Pérez-Robles J, Vazquez-Duhalt R. Virus-Based Nanoreactors with GALT Activity for Classic Galactosemia Therapy. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1438-1445. [PMID: 33595183 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic nanoreactors were obtained by galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl-transferase (GALT) encapsulation into plant virus capsids by a molecular self-assembly strategy. The aim of this work was to produce virus-like nanoparticles containing GALT for an enzyme-replacement therapy for classic galactosemia. The encapsulation efficiency and the catalytic constants of bio-nanoreactors were determined by using different GALT and virus coat protein ratios. The substrate affinity of nanoreactors was slightly lower than that of the free enzyme; the activity rate was 16 % of the GALT free enzyme. The enzymatic nanoreactors without functionalization were internalized into different cell lines including fibroblast and kidney cells, but especially into hepatocytes. The enzymatic nanoreactors are an innovative enzyme preparation with potential use for the treatment of classic galactosemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gama
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Ruben D Cadena-Nava
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Karla Juarez-Moreno
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Javier Pérez-Robles
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
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16
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Kang H, Yao Y, Zhang X. Mixed Micelles with Galactose Ligands for the Oral Delivery of Berberine to Enhance Its Bioavailability and Hypoglycemic Effects. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1755-1764. [PMID: 33485402 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2020.30041755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become an epidemic disorder that is an escalating public health risk. Currently, DM treatment is highly challenging due to temporary medical relief rather than a permanent cure. This article reports a ligand-anchored mixed micellar system formed by phospholipids and N -oleoyl-D-galactosamine aiming to enhance the oral bioavailability and hypoglycemic effects of berberine, an antidiabetic agent with poor absorption. Berberine-loaded mixed micelles (BBMMs) were prepared through a solvent diffusion technique. The resulting BB-MMs were characterized by particle size, potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE) and in vitro release. The oral pharmacokinetics and hypoglycemic efficacy of BB-MMs were evaluated in rats and compared with a berberine suspension. As a result, BB-MMs prepared with the preferable formulation had a particle size of approximately 100 nm with an EE of over 85%. BB-MMs exhibited sustained drug release owing to the entrapment in the micelles. After oral administration, BB-MMs ameliorated the pharmacokinetic profile of berberine and significantly enhanced its oral bioavailability (317.17% relative to the suspension). The pharmacological effect (PE) of BB-MMs was approximately 3.44 times greater than that of the suspension. In addition, in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion and cellular testing results illustrated that BB-MMs had good intestinal permeability and cellular uptake. Our findings demonstrate that the oral bioavailability and hypoglycemic effects of berberine could be largely enhanced by encapsulation into mixed micelles with a galactose moiety. Thus, galactosylated micelles may be promising for developing berberine nanomedicines to fight DM.
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Lu VM, Jue TR, McDonald KL. Cytotoxic lanthanum oxide nanoparticles sensitize glioblastoma cells to radiation therapy and temozolomide: an in vitro rationale for translational studies. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18156. [PMID: 33097778 PMCID: PMC7584621 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75372-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant brain tumour with a dismal prognosis, despite best treatment by surgical resection, radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ). Nanoparticle (NP) therapy is an emerging consideration due to the ability of NPs to be formulated and cross the blood brain barrier. Lanthanum oxide (La2O3) NPs are therapeutically advantageous due to the unique chemical properties of lanthanum making it cytotoxic to cancers, and able to enhance existing anti-cancer treatments. However, La2O3 NPs have yet to be thoroughly investigated in brain tumors. We show that these NPs can reach the brain after venous injection, penetrate into GBM cells via endocytosis, dissociate to be cytotoxic, and enhance the therapeutic effects of RT and TMZ. The mechanisms of cell death by La2O3 NPs were found to be multifaceted. Increasing NP concentration was correlated to increased intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathway markers in a radical oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner, as well as involving direct DNA damage and autophagic pathways within GBM patient-derived cell lines. NP interactions to sensitize GBM to RT and TMZ were shown to involve these pathways by enhancing ROS and apoptotic mechanisms. We therefore demonstrate the therapeutic potential of La2O3 NPs to treat GBM cells in vitro, and encourage translational exploration in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Lu
- Lowy Cancer Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave #1140, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Toni Rose Jue
- Lowy Cancer Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kerrie L McDonald
- Lowy Cancer Center, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Lu YJ, Wang YH, Sahu RS, Chen JP, Dash BS, Chung PJ, Yang HW, Chuang EY, Hwang TL. Mechanism of Nanoformulated Graphene Oxide-Mediated Human Neutrophil Activation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:40141-40152. [PMID: 32845120 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of graphene oxide (GO)-based biomaterials is important for logical biomedical applications. Previous studies have revealed biointeractions between GO and immune effector cells, but the effects on neutrophils, crucial cells in the immune system, have not been thoroughly discussed. In this study, GO nanoformulations were synthesized with different functional groups, including GO, GO-carboxylated (GO-COOH), and PEGylated GO (GO-PEG), with different surface features, which were elucidated using imaging methods and surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic techniques, including atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS). The GO-based nanoformulations elicited reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in human neutrophils. Nanoformulated GO stimulates NET development via the formation of ROS. An endocytosis study revealed that nanoformulated GO facilitated internalization by neutrophils via macropinocytosis and actin-dependent phagocytosis. Importantly, calcium mobilization and phosphorylation proteins such as mitogen-activated protein kinases (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38) and AKT were involved in the activation of neutrophils. These findings offer the first verification that nanoformulated GO exhibits direct effects on human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Rama Shanker Sahu
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Ping Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Banendu Sunder Dash
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jen Chung
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Yang
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Er-Yuan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, International Ph.D. Program of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
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19
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Patel BK, Wang C, Lorens B, Levine AD, Steinmetz NF, Shukla S. Cowpea Mosaic Virus (CPMV)-Based Cancer Testis Antigen NY-ESO-1 Vaccine Elicits an Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cell Response. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:4179-4187. [PMID: 34368641 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines are promising adjuvant immunotherapies that can stimulate the immune system to recognize tumor-associated antigens and eliminate the residual or recurring disease. The aberrant and restricted expression of highly immunogenic cancer testis antigen NY-ESO-1 in several malignancies, including triple-negative breast cancer, melanoma, myelomas, and ovarian cancer, makes NY-ESO-1 an attractive antigenic target for cancer vaccines. This study describes a NY-ESO-1 vaccine based on a bio-inspired nanomaterial platform technology, specifically a plant virus nanoparticle. The 30 nm icosahedral plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) displaying multiple copies of human HLA-A2 restricted peptide antigen NY-ESO-1157-165 exhibited enhanced uptake and activation of antigen-presenting cells and stimulated a potent CD8+ T cell response in transgenic human HLA-A2 expressing mice. CD8+ T cells from immunized mice exhibited antigen-specific proliferation and cancer cell cytotoxicity, highlighting the potential application of a CPMV-NY-ESO-1 vaccine against NY-ESO-1+ malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindi K Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Braulio Lorens
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Alan D Levine
- Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology and Medicine, Pediatrics Pathology, and Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Shukla S, Wang C, Beiss V, Steinmetz NF. Antibody Response against Cowpea Mosaic Viral Nanoparticles Improves In Situ Vaccine Efficacy in Ovarian Cancer. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2994-3003. [PMID: 32133838 PMCID: PMC8085886 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies are designed to facilitate recognition and elimination of transformed cells by the immune system. We have established the immunotherapeutic efficacy of the plant virus cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) as an in situ vaccine in several syngeneic tumor mouse models as well as in companion dogs with metastatic melanoma. Intratumoral injection of CPMV modulates the local tumor microenvironment to relieve immunosuppression and potentiate antitumor immunity. The viral nucleocapsid that drives this antitumor immunity, however, also is a potent immunogen itself, and thus immune response in the form of anti-CPMV antibodies is expected during the treatment based on repeat administrations. Moreover, being part of the food chain, pre-existing antibodies to plant viruses may be prevalent. The presence of such pre-existing anti-CPMV immunity could potentially impact immunotherapeutic efficacy of the in situ vaccine and could have translational implications. To address such concerns, this study evaluated the efficacy of CPMV in situ vaccine in the presence of pre-existing antibodies in a syngeneic mouse model of ovarian cancer. Our results indicate that prior exposure to CPMV had no negative impact on the efficacy of CPMV in situ vaccine. Strikingly, an improved efficacy of CPMV in situ vaccine was observed. This study therefore presents an important milestone in the translational development of plant viral-based in situ vaccines and alleviates concerns about the presence of anti-CPMV antibodies, which are developed during the course of treatment but have no impact on immunotherapeutic efficacy.
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21
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Albakri MM, Veliz FA, Fiering SN, Steinmetz NF, Sieg SF. Endosomal toll-like receptors play a key role in activation of primary human monocytes by cowpea mosaic virus. Immunology 2020; 159:183-192. [PMID: 31630392 PMCID: PMC6954739 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant virus, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to induce anti-tumour immune responses following direct administration into solid tumours. The molecular pathways that account for these effects and the capacity of CPMV to activate human cells are not well defined. Here, we examine the ability of CPMV particles to activate human monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. Monocytes in peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures and purified CD14+ monocytes were readily activated by CPMV in vitro, leading to induction of HLA-DR, CD86, PD-L1, IL-15R and CXCL10 expression. Monocytes released chemokines, CXCL10, MIP-1α and MIP-1β into cell culture supernatants after incubation with CPMV. DC subsets (pDC and mDC) and monocyte-derived macrophages also demonstrated evidence of activation after incubation with CPMV. Inhibitors of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK), endocytosis or endocytic acidification impaired the capacity of CPMV to activate monocytes. Furthermore, CPMV activation of monocytes was partially blocked by a TLR7/8 antagonist. These data demonstrate that CPMV activates human monocytes in a manner dependent on SYK signalling, endosomal acidification and with an important contribution from TLR7/8 recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwah M. Albakri
- Department of PathologySchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
- Department of Medical Laboratory TechnologyCollege of Applied Medical SciencesTaibah UniversityMedinaSaudi Arabia
| | - Frank A. Veliz
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
| | - Steven N. Fiering
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyGeisel School of Medicine at DartmouthNorris Cotton Cancer CenterLebanonNHUSA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of NanoEngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of RadiologyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
- Moores Cancer CenterUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV MedicineSchool of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOHUSA
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22
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Li A, Qiu J, Zhou B, Xu B, Xiong Z, Hao X, Shi X, Cao X. The gene transfection and endocytic uptake pathways mediated by PEGylated PEI-entrapped gold nanoparticles. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Nuñez-Rivera A, Fournier PGJ, Arellano DL, Rodriguez-Hernandez AG, Vazquez-Duhalt R, Cadena-Nava RD. Brome mosaic virus-like particles as siRNA nanocarriers for biomedical purposes. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:372-382. [PMID: 32175217 PMCID: PMC7059527 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in the use of plant viruses as vehicles for anti-cancer therapy. In particular, the plant virus brome mosaic virus (BMV) and cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) are novel potential nanocarriers for different therapies in nanomedicine. In this work, BMV and CCMV were loaded with a fluorophore and assayed on breast tumor cells. The viruses BMV and CCMV were internalized into breast tumor cells. Both viruses, BMV and CCMV, did not show cytotoxic effects on tumor cells in vitro. However, only BMV did not activate macrophages in vitro. This suggests that BMV is less immunogenic and may be a potential carrier for therapy delivery in tumor cells. Furthermore, BMV virus-like particles (VLPs) were efficiently loaded with small interfering RNA (siRNA) without packaging signal. The gene silencing was demonstrated by VLPs loaded with siGFP and tested on breast tumor cells that constitutively express the green fluorescent protein (GPF). After VLP-siGFP treatment, GFP expression was efficiently inhibited corroborating the cargo release inside tumor cells and the gene silencing. In addition, BMV VLP carring siAkt1 inhibited the tumor growth in mice. These results show the attractive potential of plant virus VLPs to deliver molecular therapy to tumor cells with low immunogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Nuñez-Rivera
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) – Ensenada, Baja California, México
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Pierrick G J Fournier
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Danna L Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Baja California, (CICESE), Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Ana G Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) – Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Rafael Vazquez-Duhalt
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) – Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Ruben D Cadena-Nava
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología - Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) – Ensenada, Baja California, México
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Villagrana-Escareño MV, Reynaga-Hernández E, Galicia-Cruz OG, Durán-Meza AL, De la Cruz-González V, Hernández-Carballo CY, Ruíz-García J. VLPs Derived from the CCMV Plant Virus Can Directly Transfect and Deliver Heterologous Genes for Translation into Mammalian Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:4630891. [PMID: 31781617 PMCID: PMC6855080 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4630891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are being used for therapeutic developments such as vaccines and drug nanocarriers. Among these, plant virus capsids are gaining interest for the formation of VLPs because they can be safely handled and are noncytotoxic. A paradigm in virology, however, is that plant viruses cannot transfect and deliver directly their genetic material or other cargos into mammalian cells. In this work, we prepared VLPs with the CCMV capsid and the mRNA-EGFP as a cargo and reporter gene. We show, for the first time, that these plant virus-based VLPs are capable of directly transfecting different eukaryotic cell lines, without the aid of any transfecting adjuvant, and delivering their nucleic acid for translation as observed by the presence of fluorescent protein. Our results show that the CCMV capsid is a good noncytotoxic container for genome delivery into mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María V. Villagrana-Escareño
- Physical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth Reynaga-Hernández
- Physical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Othir G. Galicia-Cruz
- Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ana L. Durán-Meza
- Physical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Viridiana De la Cruz-González
- Physical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | | | - Jaime Ruíz-García
- Physical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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25
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Sandra F, Khaliq NU, Sunna A, Care A. Developing Protein-Based Nanoparticles as Versatile Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy and Imaging. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1329. [PMID: 31527483 PMCID: PMC6781024 DOI: 10.3390/nano9091329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that cancer nanomedicine's reliance on synthetic nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has resulted in limited clinical outcomes. This is mostly due to a poor understanding of their "bio-nano" interactions. Protein-based nanoparticles (PNPs) are rapidly emerging as versatile vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents, offering a potential alternative to synthetic nanoparticles. PNPs are abundant in nature, genetically and chemically modifiable, monodisperse, biocompatible, and biodegradable. To harness their full clinical potential, it is important for PNPs to be accurately designed and engineered. In this review, we outline the recent advancements and applications of PNPs in cancer nanomedicine. We also discuss the future directions for PNP research and what challenges must be overcome to ensure their translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Febrina Sandra
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
| | - Nisar Ul Khaliq
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Korea.
| | - Anwar Sunna
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Andrew Care
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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26
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de Ruiter M, van der Hee R, Driessen A, Keurhorst E, Hamid M, Cornelissen J. Polymorphic assembly of virus-capsid proteins around DNA and the cellular uptake of the resulting particles. J Control Release 2019; 307:342-354. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Li Y, Yang B, Zhang X. Oral delivery of imatinib through galactosylated polymeric nanoparticles to explore the contribution of a saccharide ligand to absorption. Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118508. [PMID: 31299337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib (IMT) is a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor clinically used for treating chronic myeloid leukemia and malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumors. However, oral administration of IMT is challenged by its high oral dose, low intestinal solubility and adverse reactions. This work aimed to investigate the effect of galactose ligand on polymeric nanoparticles-facilitated oral absorption of IMT. N-oleoyl-D-galactosamine was synthesized for fabricating biomimetic galactose-modified nanoparticles (GNPs) in an attempt to improve the oral bioavailability of IMT. IMT-loaded GNPs (IMT-GNPs) were prepared using a solvent diffusion technique and characterized by particle size, morphology, and entrapment efficiency (EE). The in vitro release and in vivo oral bioavailability of IMT-GNPs were comparatively studied with bulk IMT and IMT-loaded nanoparticles (IMT-NPs), respectively. The resultant IMT-GNPs were 122.0 nm around in particle size with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.201. IMT-GNPs possessed a high EE (93.06%) and exhibited a sustained effect on drug release. After oral administration, IMT-GNPs significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of IMT, up to 152.3% relative to IMT suspensions, whereas IMT-NPs merely resulted in an increase to 115.2%. Cellular uptake and ex vivo intestinal transport imaging demonstrated that GNPs were armed with higher cellular affinity and intestinal epithelial permeability compared with galactose-free IMT-NPs. These results provide solid evidence that galactose modification has great potential to ulteriorly promote the oral absorption of IMT on the base of nanoparticles, which may be conducive to achieve the synergy and attenuation of IMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Baohui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Xingwang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Sabharwal P, Amritha CK, Sushmitha C, Natraj U, Savithri HS. Intracellular trafficking and endocytic uptake pathway of Pepper vein banding virus-like particles in epithelial cells. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1247-1265. [PMID: 31084385 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Plant virus-like particles (VLPs) have emerged as a novel platform for delivery of drugs/antibodies. The aim of the present investigation is to establish the entry mechanism of flexuous rod-shaped virus particles into mammalian cells. Methods: Far-Western blot analysis, pull-down and ELISA were used to characterize vimentin and Hsp60 interaction with VLPs. The mode/kinetics of internalization of VLPs was deciphered using pharmacological inhibitors/endosomal markers. Results & discussion: The flexuous rod-shaped VLPs of Pepper vein banding virus (PVBV) enter HeLa and HepG2 cells via cell-surface proteins: vimentin and Hsp60, respectively. VLPs internalize via different modes of endocytosis in HeLa, HepG2 cells and are biodegradable. Vimentin and Hsp60 could be potential epithelial ligands that facilitate targeting of nanoparticles to tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Sabharwal
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | - Cheekati Sushmitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Usha Natraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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29
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Sangsuwan R, Tachachartvanich P, Francis MB. Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins Using Amphiphilic Polymers with 2-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde Groups for Site-Selective Attachment. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2376-2383. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Matthew B. Francis
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratories, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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30
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Vishnu Vardhan GP, Hema M, Sushmitha C, Savithri HS, Natraj U, Murthy MRN. Development of sesbania mosaic virus nanoparticles for imaging. Arch Virol 2018; 164:497-507. [PMID: 30430265 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-4097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The capsids of viruses have a high degree of symmetry. Therefore, virus nanoparticles (VNPs) can be programmed to display many imaging agents precisely. Plant VNPs are biocompatible, biodegradable and non-infectious to mammals. We have carried out bioconjugation of sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV), a well characterized plant virus, with fluorophores using reactive lysine-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester and cysteine-maleimide chemistries. Monitoring of cellular internalization of labelled SeMV nanoparticles (NPs) by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry showed that the particles have a natural preference for entry into MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) cells, although they could also enter various other cell lines. The fluorescence of SeMV NPs labelled via the cysteines with Cy5.5 dye was found to be more stable and was detectable with greater sensitivity than that of particles labelled via the lysines with Alexa Fluor. Live-cell imaging using SeMV internally labelled with Cy5.5 showed that it could bind to MDA-MB-231 cells in less than 5 minutes and enter the cells within 15 minutes. The particles undergo endolysosomal degradation by 6 h as evidenced by their co-localization with LAMP-1. Far-western blot analysis with a HeLa cell membrane protein fraction showed that SeMV interacts with 54-, 35- and 33-kDa proteins, which were identified by mass spectrometry as vimentin, voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein (VDAC1), and annexin A2 isoform 2 (ANXA2), respectively, suggesting that the particles may bind and enter the cell through these proteins. The results presented here demonstrate that the SeMV NPs provide a new platform technology that could be used to develop in vivo imaging and targeted drug delivery agents for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Vishnu Vardhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M Hema
- Department of Virology, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India.
| | - C Sushmitha
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - H S Savithri
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.
| | - Usha Natraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - M R N Murthy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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31
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Lam P, Lin R, Steinmetz NF. Delivery of mitoxantrone using a plant virus-based nanoparticle for the treatment of glioblastomas. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5888-5895. [PMID: 30923616 PMCID: PMC6433411 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01191e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitoxatrone (MTO), an antineoplastic chemotherapeutic, has potent activity against the most common and agressive type of primary brain tumor, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). However, its poor penetration through the blood brain barrier, and cardiotoxic side effects from systemic delivery limit its effectiveness for clinical treatment. To address these limitations, we utilize a plant virus-based nanoparticle, cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), to deliver MTO to treat GBM. In this work, we loaded MTO into the interior cavity of CPMV (CPMV-MTO) through diffusion through its pores. We report the uptake of CPMV-MTO in glioma cells and demonstrate its cytotoxic effects in vitro as a solo therapy, and in combination with tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). These results reveal the potential for this plant virus-based nanoparticle platform for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Lam
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Richard Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Hassan UA, Hussein MZ, Alitheen NB, Yahya Ariff SA, Masarudin MJ. In vitro cellular localization and efficient accumulation of fluorescently tagged biomaterials from monodispersed chitosan nanoparticles for elucidation of controlled release pathways for drug delivery systems. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:5075-5095. [PMID: 30233174 PMCID: PMC6130301 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s164843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inefficient cellular delivery and poor intracellular accumulation are major drawbacks towards achieving favorable therapeutic responses from many therapeutic drugs and biomolecules. To tackle this issue, nanoparticle-mediated delivery vectors have been aptly explored as a promising delivery strategy capable of enhancing the cellular localization of biomolecules and improve their therapeutic efficacies. However, the dynamics of intracellular biomolecule release and accumulation from such nanoparticle systems has currently remained scarcely studied. Objectives The objective of this study was to utilize a chitosan-based nanoparticle system as the delivery carrier for glutamic acid, a model for encapsulated biomolecules to visualize the in vitro release and accumulation of the encapsulated glutamic acid from chitosan nanoparticle (CNP) systems. Methods CNP was synthesized via ionic gelation routes utilizing tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linker. In order to track glutamic acid release, the glutamic acid was fluorescently-labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate prior encapsulation into CNP. Results Light Scattering data concluded the successful formation of small-sized and mono-dispersed CNP at a specific volume ratio of chitosan to TPP. Encapsulation of glutamic acid as a model cargo into CNP led to an increase in particle size to >100 nm. The synthesized CNP exhibited spherical shape under Electron Microscopy. The formation of CNP was reflected by the reduction in free amine groups of chitosan following ionic crosslinking reactions. The encapsulation of glutamic acid was further confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Cell viability assay showed 70% cell viability at the maximum concentration of 0.5 mg/mL CS and 0.7 mg/mL TPP used, indicating the low inherent toxicity property of this system. In vitro release study using fluorescently-tagged glutamic acids demonstrated the release and accumulation of the encapsulated glutamic acids at 6 hours post treatment. A significant accumulation was observed at 24 hours and 48 hours later. Flow cytometry data demonstrated a gradual increase in intracellular fluorescence signal from 30 minutes to 48 hours post treatment with fluorescently-labeled glutamic acids encapsulated CNP. Conclusion These results therefore suggested the potential of CNP system towards enhancing the intracellular delivery and release of the encapsulated glutamic acids. This CNP system thus may serves as a potential candidate vector capable to improve the therapeutic efficacy for drugs and biomolecules in medical as well as pharmaceutical applications through the enhanced intracellular release and accumulation of the encapsulated cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummu Afiqah Hassan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Mohd Zobir Hussein
- Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Noorjahan Banu Alitheen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Syazaira Arham Yahya Ariff
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
| | - Mas Jaffri Masarudin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia, .,Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
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Tang H, Jiang Z, He H, Li X, Hu H, Zhang N, Dai Y, Zhou Z. Uptake and transport of pullulan acetate nanoparticles in the BeWo b30 placental barrier cell model. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:4073-4082. [PMID: 30034233 PMCID: PMC6047610 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s161319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nanomedicine has shown a great potential in perinatal medicine because of its characteristics of sustained, controlled release and targeting ability; on the other hand, it may also lead to unexpected toxicities such as embryotoxicity and even malformation after crossing the placental barrier, but data concerning transplacental transport are scarce. Pullulan acetate (PA) nanoparticles (NPs) are a promising nanocarrier derived from natural polysaccharide; however, their transplacental transport ability and mechanism are unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) conjugated PA (PA-FITC) was synthesized. PA-FITC NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxicity of PA-FITC NPs at concentrations of 15, 30, 60, 125, 250, 500, 1,000 and 2,000 μg/mL was studied by cell counting kit-8. The human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) cytokine assay was conducted to evaluate the biological function of BeWo b30 cells. Endocytic mechanisms of PA-FITC NPs were investigated via fluorescence analysis. The monolayer properties were characterized by TEM, tight junction staining, transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescein sodium transportation. The transport ability was measured in the cell based transwell model by confocal imaging and SEM. RESULTS PA-FITC NPs were almost spherical shape with a size range of 200-300 nm. Cell viability of BeWo b30 cells was up to 100% in all groups. The concentrations of HCG increased with increasing numbers of cells and culture time, which showed the good biological function of BeWo b30 cells. PA-FITC NPs were rapidly endocytosed through caveolae-mediated endocytosis and pinocytosis, with uptake inhibition rates with nystatin (NY) and colchicines (Col) of 55% and 51% respectively. BeWo b30 cell monolayer was formed over 5 days. PA-FITC NPs were found in the cytoplasm of cells on the transwell membranes; while some NPs were found in the basolateral (fetal) compartment over 24 h. CONCLUSION In summary, PA-FITC NPs are nontoxic, can cross the blood-placental barrier, and show mainly internalization to BeWo b30 cells through caveolae-mediated endocytosis and pinocytosis pathways, major via the former pathway. The results could benefit the adjustment and control of the transplacental transport of nanomedicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziwen Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Haibo He
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Li
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, People's Republic of China
| | - Haipeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinmei Dai
- Department of Gynecology, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100006, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhimin Zhou
- Biomedical Barriers Research Center, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Tianjin, 300192, People's Republic of China,
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Tang H, Chen H, Jia Y, Liu X, Han Z, Wang A, Liu Q, Li X, Feng X. Effect of inhibitors of endocytosis and NF-kB signal pathway on folate-conjugated nanoparticle endocytosis by rat Kupffer cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:6937-6947. [PMID: 29075112 PMCID: PMC5609780 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s141407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The regular accumulation of nanoparticles in the liver makes them hepatotoxic and decreases the circulation time, thus reducing their therapeutic effect. Resolving this problem will be significant in improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. In this study, we reduced the phagocytosis of epirubicin (EPI)-loaded folic acid-conjugated pullulan acetate (FPA/EPI) nanoparticles by Kupffer cells (KCs) through internalization and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signal pathway inhibitors, thus allowing development of FPA/EPI nanoparticles as a nanodrug delivery system (NDDS) based on our previous study. FPA/EPI nanoparticles were prepared by the dialysis method. Rat KCs were preincubated with the following individual or compound inhibitors: chlorpromazine (CPZ), nystatin (NY), colchicine (Col), amiloride (AMR), and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). Dose- and time-dependent cellular uptake effects of inhibitors on FPA/EPI nanoparticles were determined through fluorometry. The cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were tested in culture supernatants by bead-based multiplex flow cytometry. The uptake study demonstrated that inhibitors had an obvious inhibitory effect (P<0.05 or P<0.01), with NY, AMR and Col all showing time-dependent inhibitory effects. PDTC + NY had the strongest inhibitory effect, with an uptake rate of 14.62%. The levels of the three proinflammatory cytokines were changed significantly by the compound inhibitors. TNF-α was significantly inhibited (P<0.05 or P<0.01), but IL-1β and IL-6 showed smaller decreases. These results suggested that clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis were the main routes via which nanoparticles entered KCs and that the NF-kB signal pathway was very important too. In summary, multiple mechanisms, including clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis, contribute to cytokine production in macrophages following exposure to folic acid-conjugated pullulan acetate nanoparticles. Thus, the endocytosis inhibition strategy has great potential for improving therapy and reducing toxicity of an NDDS in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Hongli Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Zhaohong Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Aihua Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Xinlei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing
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Loredo-Tovias M, Duran-Meza AL, Villagrana-Escareño MV, Vega-Acosta R, Reynaga-Hernández E, Flores-Tandy LM, Valdes-Resendiz OE, Cadena-Nava RD, Alvizo-Paez ER, Ruiz-Garcia J. Encapsidated ultrasmall nanolipospheres as novel nanocarriers for highly hydrophobic anticancer drugs. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:11625-11631. [PMID: 28770909 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr02118f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The design and construction of novel nanocarriers that have controlled shape and size and are made of inherently biocompatible components represents a milestone in the field of nanomedicine. Here, we show the tailoring of nanoliposphere-like particles for use as biocompatible drug nanocarriers. They are made with the building block components present in human lipoproteins by means of microfluidization, which allows for good size and polydispersity control, mimicking the physical properties of natural low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). This new type of nanocarrier has a negative surface charge and a hydrophobic core that allow the stabilization and encapsulation of hydrophobic anticancer drugs such as camptothecin, resulting in anticancer drug-loaded nanolipospheres. However, we found that the nanoparticles are unstable since their size increases with time. These nanolipospheres were further encapsidated using the non-cytotoxic capsid protein of the plant virus CCMV, which renders the nanoparticles stable. In a more general application, this new virus-like particle confers a controlled microenvironment for the transport of any kind of hydrophobic drug that can bypass the cellular defense mechanisms and deliver its payload.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loredo-Tovias
- Biological Physics Laboratory, Institute of Physics, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64, San Luis Potosí, S. L. P. 78000, Mexico.
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Chang TZ, Stadmiller SS, Staskevicius E, Champion JA. Effects of ovalbumin protein nanoparticle vaccine size and coating on dendritic cell processing. Biomater Sci 2017; 5:223-233. [PMID: 27918020 PMCID: PMC5285395 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticle vaccine delivery platforms are a promising technology for enhancing vaccine immunogenicity. Protein nanoparticles (PNPs), made entirely from antigen, have been shown to induce protective immune responses against influenza. However, the fundamental mechanisms by which PNPs enhance component protein immunogenicity are not understood. Here, we investigate the role of size and coating of model ovalbumin (OVA) PNPs on particle uptake and trafficking, as well as on inflammation and maturation factor expression in dendritic cells (DCs) in vitro. OVA PNPs enhance antigen uptake in a size-independent manner, and experience attenuated endosomal acidification as compared to soluble OVA. OVA PNPs also trigger Fc receptor upregulation. Expression of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α were PNP size- and coating-dependent, with small (∼270 nm) nanoparticles triggering greater inflammatory cytokine production than large (∼560 nm) particles. IL-1β expression by DCs in response to PNP stimulation implies activation of the inflammasome, a pathway known to be activated by certain types of nanoparticulate adjuvants. The attenuated acidification and pro-inflammatory profile generated by PNPs in DCs demonstrate that physical biomaterial properties can modulate dendritic cell-mediated antigen processing and adjuvancy. In addition to nanoparticles' enhancement of DC antigen uptake, our work suggests that vaccine nanoparticle size and coating are uptake-independent modulators of immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Z Chang
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Samantha S Stadmiller
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Erika Staskevicius
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Julie A Champion
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 950 Atlantic Drive NW, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Anjum NA, Rodrigo MAM, Moulick A, Heger Z, Kopel P, Zítka O, Adam V, Lukatkin AS, Duarte AC, Pereira E, Kizek R. Transport phenomena of nanoparticles in plants and animals/humans. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:233-243. [PMID: 27504871 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of a plethora nanoparticles with major biota such as plants and animals/humans has been the subject of various multidisciplinary studies with special emphasis on toxicity aspects. However, reports are meager on the transport phenomena of nanoparticles in the plant-animal/human system. Since plants and animals/humans are closely linked via food chain, discussion is imperative on the main processes and mechanisms underlying the transport phenomena of nanoparticles in the plant-animal/human system, which is the main objective of this paper. Based on the literature appraised herein, it is recommended to perform an exhaustive exploration of so far least explored aspects such as reproducibility, predictability, and compliance risks of nanoparticles, and insights into underlying mechanisms in context with their transport phenomenon in the plant-animal/human system. The outcomes of the suggested studies can provide important clues for fetching significant benefits of rapidly expanding nanotechnology to the plant-animal/human health-improvements and protection as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Anjum
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Miguel Angel Merlos Rodrigo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Moulick
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbynek Heger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kopel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Zítka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vojtech Adam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alexander S Lukatkin
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Ecology of Plants, N.P. Ogarev Mordovia State University, Bolshevistskaja Str., 68, Saransk 430005, Russia
| | - Armando C Duarte
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Eduarda Pereira
- CESAM-Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies & Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rene Kizek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Laboratory of Metallomics and Nanotechnologies, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, CZ-613 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3058/10, CZ-616 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
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Dispersed gold nanoparticles potentially ruin gold barley yellow dwarf virus and eliminate virus infectivity hazards. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-016-0540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Wen AM, Lee KL, Cao P, Pangilinan K, Carpenter BL, Lam P, Veliz FA, Ghiladi RA, Advincula RC, Steinmetz NF. Utilizing Viral Nanoparticle/Dendron Hybrid Conjugates in Photodynamic Therapy for Dual Delivery to Macrophages and Cancer Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 27:1227-35. [PMID: 27077475 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising avenue for greater treatment efficacy of highly resistant and aggressive melanoma. Through photosensitizer attachment to nanoparticles, specificity of delivery can be conferred to further reduce potential side effects. While the main focus of PDT is the destruction of cancer cells, additional targeting of tumor-associated macrophages also present in the tumor microenvironment could further enhance treatment by eliminating their role in processes such as invasion, metastasis, and immunosuppression. In this study, we investigated PDT of macrophages and tumor cells through delivery using the natural noninfectious nanoparticle cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV), which has been shown to have specificity for the immunosuppressive subpopulation of macrophages and also targets cancer cells. We further explored conjugation of CPMV/dendron hybrids in order to improve the drug loading capacity of the nanocarrier. Overall, we demonstrated effective elimination of both macrophage and tumor cells at low micromolar concentrations of the photosensitizer when delivered with the CPMV bioconjugate, thereby potentially improving melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bradley L Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | | | | | - Reza A Ghiladi
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Seras-Franzoso J, Sánchez-Chardi A, Garcia-Fruitós E, Vázquez E, Villaverde A. Cellular uptake and intracellular fate of protein releasing bacterial amyloids in mammalian cells. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:3451-3460. [PMID: 26956912 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm02930a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial Inclusion Bodies (IBs) are amyloidal protein deposits that functionally mimic secretory granules from the endocrine system. When formed by therapeutically relevant proteins, they complement missing intracellular activities in jeopardized cell cultures, offering an intriguing platform for protein drug delivery in substitutive therapies. Despite the therapeutic potential of IBs, their capability to interact with eukaryotic cells, cross the cell membrane and release their functional building blocks into the cytosolic space remains essentially unexplored. We have systematically dissected the process by which bacterial amyloids interact with mammalian cells. An early and tight cell membrane anchorage of IBs is followed by cellular uptake of single or grouped IBs of variable sizes by macropinocytosis. Although an important fraction of the penetrating particles is led to lysosomal degradation, biologically significant amounts of protein are released into the cytosol. In addition, our data suggest the involvement of the bacterial cell folding modulator DnaK in the release of functional proteins from these amyloidal reservoirs. The mechanisms supporting the internalization of disintegrable protein nanoparticles revealed here offer clues to implement novel approaches for protein drug delivery based on controlled protein packaging as bacterial IBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Seras-Franzoso
- Institut de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.
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Abraham A, Natraj U, Karande AA, Gulati A, Murthy MRN, Murugesan S, Mukunda P, Savithri HS. Intracellular delivery of antibodies by chimeric Sesbania mosaic virus (SeMV) virus like particles. Sci Rep 2016; 6:21803. [PMID: 26905902 PMCID: PMC4764859 DOI: 10.1038/srep21803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of antibodies has not been fully exploited as they fail to cross cell membrane. In this article, we have tested the possibility of using plant virus based nanoparticles for intracellular delivery of antibodies. For this purpose, Sesbania mosaic virus coat protein (CP) was genetically engineered with the B domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A (SpA) at the βH-βI loop, to generate SeMV loop B (SLB), which self-assembled to virus like particles (VLPs) with 43 times higher affinity towards antibodies. CP and SLB could internalize into various types of mammalian cells and SLB could efficiently deliver three different monoclonal antibodies–D6F10 (targeting abrin), anti-α-tubulin (targeting intracellular tubulin) and Herclon (against HER2 receptor) inside the cells. Such a mode of delivery was much more effective than antibodies alone treatment. These results highlight the potential of SLB as a universal nanocarrier for intracellular delivery of antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambily Abraham
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Usha Natraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Anjali A Karande
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh Gulati
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
| | - Mathur R N Murthy
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Karnataka, India
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42
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Thimiri Govinda Raj DB, Khan NA. Designer nanoparticle: nanobiotechnology tool for cell biology. NANO CONVERGENCE 2016; 3:22. [PMID: 28191432 PMCID: PMC5271163 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-016-0082-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
This article discusses the use of nanotechnology for subcellular compartment isolation and its application towards subcellular omics. This technology review significantly contributes to our understanding on use of nanotechnology for subcellular systems biology. Here we elaborate nanobiotechnology approach of using superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPMNPs) optimized with different surface coatings for subcellular organelle isolation. Using pulse-chase approach, we review that SPMNPs interacted differently with the cell depending on its surface functionalization. The article focuses on the use of functionalized-SPMNPs as a nanobiotechnology tool to isolate high quality (both purity and yield) plasma membranes and endosomes or lysosomes. Such nanobiotechnology tool can be applied in generating subcellular compartment inventories. As a future perspective, this strategy could be applied in areas such as immunology, cancer and stem cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak B. Thimiri Govinda Raj
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Grenoble Outstation and Unit of Virus Host-Cell Interactions (UVHCI), UJF-EMBL-CNRS, UMR 5233 Grenoble, France
- Envirotransgene Bio-solutions Global, Chennai, India
- Biotechnology Centre for Oslo, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway (NCMM), P.O. Box 1137, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Niamat Ali Khan
- Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, O&N I, Herestraat 49, Box 902, 3000 Louvain, Belgium
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Abstract
Nanoscale engineering is revolutionizing the way we prevent, detect, and treat diseases. Viruses have played a special role in these developments because they can function as prefabricated nanoscaffolds that have unique properties and are easily modified. The interiors of virus particles can encapsulate and protect sensitive compounds, while the exteriors can be altered to display large and small molecules in precisely defined arrays. These properties of viruses, along with their innate biocompatibility, have led to their development as actively targeted drug delivery systems that expand on and improve current pharmaceutical options. Viruses are naturally immunogenic, and antigens displayed on their surface have been used to create vaccines against pathogens and to break self-tolerance to initiate an immune response to dysfunctional proteins. Densely and specifically aligned imaging agents on viruses have allowed for high-resolution and noninvasive visualization tools to detect and treat diseases earlier than previously possible. These and future applications of viruses have created an exciting new field within the disciplines of both nanotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Departments of 2Biomedical Engineering
- Radiology
- Materials Science and Engineering, and
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Cleveland, Ohio 44106;
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44
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Krishnan V, Xu X, Kelly D, Snook A, Waldman SA, Mason RW, Jia X, Rajasekaran AK. CD19-Targeted Nanodelivery of Doxorubicin Enhances Therapeutic Efficacy in B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:2101-11. [PMID: 25898125 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine has advanced to clinical trials for adult cancer therapy. However, the field is still in its infancy for treatment of childhood malignancies such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Nanotherapy offers multiple advantages over conventional therapy. It facilitates targeted delivery and enables controlled release of drugs to reduce treatment-related side effects. Here, we demonstrate that doxorubicin (DOX) encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) modified with targeting ligands against CD19 (CD19-DOX-NPs) can be delivered in a CD19-specific manner to leukemic cells. The CD19-DOX-NPs were internalized via receptor-mediated endocytosis and imparted cytotoxicity in a CD19-dependent manner in CD19-positive ALL cells. Leukemic mice treated with CD19-DOX-NPs survived significantly longer and manifested a higher degree of agility, indicating reduced apparent systemic toxicity during treatment compared to mice treated with free DOX. We suggest that targeted delivery of drugs used in childhood cancer treatment should improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce treatment-related side effects in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinu Krishnan
- ⊥Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | | | | | - Adam Snook
- #Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Scott A Waldman
- #Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, United States
| | - Robert W Mason
- ⊥Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, A. I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware 19803, United States
| | | | - Ayyappan K Rajasekaran
- ∇Therapy Architects, LLC, 2700 Silverside Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19810, United States
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Yameen B, Choi WI, Vilos C, Swami A, Shi J, Farokhzad OC. Insight into nanoparticle cellular uptake and intracellular targeting. J Control Release 2014; 190:485-99. [PMID: 24984011 PMCID: PMC4153400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 518] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Collaborative efforts from the fields of biology, materials science, and engineering are leading to exciting progress in the development of nanomedicines. Since the targets of many therapeutic agents are localized in subcellular compartments, modulation of nanoparticle-cell interactions for efficient cellular uptake through the plasma membrane and the development of nanomedicines for precise delivery to subcellular compartments remain formidable challenges. Cellular internalization routes determine the post-internalization fate and intracellular localization of nanoparticles. This review highlights the cellular uptake routes most relevant to the field of non-targeted nanomedicine and presents an account of ligand-targeted nanoparticles for receptor-mediated cellular internalization as a strategy for modulating the cellular uptake of nanoparticles. Ligand-targeted nanoparticles have been the main impetus behind the progress of nanomedicines towards the clinic. This strategy has already resulted in remarkable progress towards effective oral delivery of nanomedicines that can overcome the intestinal epithelial barrier. A detailed overview of the recent developments in subcellular targeting as a novel platform for next-generation organelle-specific nanomedicines is also provided. Each section of the review includes prospects, potential, and concrete expectations from the field of targeted nanomedicines and strategies to meet those expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basit Yameen
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Won Il Choi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cristian Vilos
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; Universidad Andres Bello, Facultad de Medicina, Center for Integrative Medicine and Innovative Science (CIMIS), Echaurren 183, Santiago, Chile
| | - Archana Swami
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Omid C Farokhzad
- Laboratory of Nanomedicine and Biomaterials, Department of Anesthesiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St., Boston, MA 02115, USA; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Production and applications of engineered viral capsids. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:5847-58. [PMID: 24816622 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5787-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
As biological agents, viruses come in an astounding range of sizes, with varied shapes and surface morphologies. The structures of viral capsids are generally assemblies of hundreds of copies of one or a few proteins which can be harnessed for use in a wide variety of applications in biotechnology, nanotechnology, and medicine. Despite their complexity, many capsid types form as homogenous populations of precise geometrical assemblies. This is important in both medicine, where well-defined therapeutics are critical for drug performance and federal approval, and nanotechnology, where precise placement affects the properties of the desired material. Here we review the production of viruses and virus-like particles with methods for selecting and manipulating the size, surface chemistry, assembly state, and interior cargo of capsid. We then discuss many of the applications used in research today and the potential commercial and therapeutic products from engineered viral capsids.
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47
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Yildiz I, Lee KL, Chen K, Shukla S, Steinmetz NF. Infusion of imaging and therapeutic molecules into the plant virus-based carrier cowpea mosaic virus: cargo-loading and delivery. J Control Release 2013; 172:568-78. [PMID: 23665254 PMCID: PMC3815978 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on the development of a plant virus-based carrier system for cargo delivery, specifically 30nm-sized cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV). Whereas previous reports described the engineering of CPMV through genetic or chemical modification, we report a non-covalent infusion technique that facilitates efficient cargo loading. Infusion and retention of 130-155 fluorescent dye molecules per CPMV using DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride), propidium iodide (3,8-diamino-5-[3-(diethylmethylammonio)propyl]-6-phenylphenanthridinium diiodide), and acridine orange (3,6-bis(dimethylamino)acridinium chloride), as well as 140 copies of therapeutic payload proflavine (PF, acridine-3,6-diamine hydrochloride), is reported. Loading is achieved through interaction of the cargo with the CPMV's encapsidated RNA molecules. The loading mechanism is specific; empty RNA-free eCPMV nanoparticles could not be loaded. Cargo-infused CPMV nanoparticles remain chemically active, and surface lysine residues were covalent modified with dyes leading to the development of dual-functional CPMV carrier systems. We demonstrate cargo-delivery to a panel of cancer cells (cervical, breast, and colon): CPMV nanoparticles enter cells via the surface marker vimentin, the nanoparticles target the endolysosome, where the carrier is degraded and the cargo is released allowing imaging and/or cell killing. In conclusion, we demonstrate cargo-infusion and delivery to cells; the methods discussed provide a useful means for functionalization of CPMV toward its application as drug and/or contrast agent delivery vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yildiz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Karin L. Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Kevin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sourabh Shukla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Nicole F. Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Schools of Medicine and Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, School of Engineering, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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