1
|
Poli G, Bologna E, Saguy IS. Possible interactions between selected food processing and medications. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1380010. [PMID: 38680533 PMCID: PMC11045975 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1380010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of food processing on drug absorption, metabolism, and subsequent pharmacological activity is a pressing yet insufficiently explored area of research. Overlooking food-processing-drug interactions can significantly disrupt optimal clinical patient management. The challenges extend beyond merely considering the type and timing of food ingestion as to drug uptake; the specific food processing methods applied play a pivotal role. This study delves into both selected thermal and non-thermal food processing techniques, investigating their potential interference with the established pharmacokinetics of medications. Within the realm of thermal processing, conventional methods like deep fat frying, grilling, or barbecuing not only reduce the enteric absorption of drugs but also may give rise to side-products such as acrylamide, aldehydes, oxysterols, and oxyphytosterols. When produced in elevated quantities, these compounds exhibit enterotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects, potentially impacting the metabolism of various medications. Of note, a variety of thermal processing is frequently adopted during the preparation of diverse traditional herbal medicines. Conversely, circumventing high heat through innovative approaches (e.g., high-pressure processing, pulsed electric fields, plasma technology), opens new avenues to improve food quality, efficiency, bioavailability, and sustainability. However, it is crucial to exercise caution to prevent the excessive uptake of active compounds in specific patient categories. The potential interactions between food processing methods and their consequences, whether beneficial or adverse, on drug interactions can pose health hazards in certain cases. Recognizing this knowledge gap underscores the urgency for intensified and targeted scientific inquiry into the multitude of conceivable interactions among food composition, processing methods, and pharmaceutical agents. A thorough investigation into the underlying mechanisms is imperative. The complexity of this field requires substantial scrutiny and collaborative efforts across diverse domains, including medicine, pharmacology, nutrition, food science, food technology, and food engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, San Luigi Hospital, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ettore Bologna
- Medical Service Fondazione Piera Pietro and Giovanni Ferrero, Alba, Italy
| | - I. Sam Saguy
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food & Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
de Waal T, Handin N, Brouwers J, Miserez M, Hoffman I, Rayyan M, Artursson P, Augustijns P. Expression of intestinal drug transporter proteins and metabolic enzymes in neonatal and pediatric patients. Int J Pharm 2024; 654:123962. [PMID: 38432450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of pediatric oral drugs is hampered by a lack of predictive simulation tools. These tools, in turn, require data on the physiological variables that influence oral drug absorption, including the expression of drug transporter proteins (DTPs) and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in the intestinal tract. The expression of hepatic DTPs and DMEs shows age-related changes, but there are few data on protein levels in the intestine of children. In this study, tissue was collected from different regions of the small and large intestine from neonates (i.e., surgically removed tissue) and from pediatric patients (i.e., gastroscopic duodenal biopsies). The protein expression of clinically relevant DTPs and DMEs was determined using a targeted mass spectrometry approach. The regional distribution of DTPs and DMEs was similar to adults. Most DTPs, with the exception of MRP3, MCT1, and OCT3, and all DMEs showed the highest protein expression in the proximal small intestine. Several proteins (i.e., P-gp, ASBT, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and UGT1A1) showed an increase with age. Such increase appeared to be even more pronounced for DMEs. This exploratory study highlights the developmental changes in DTPs and DMEs in the intestinal tract of the pediatric population. Additional evaluation of protein function in this population would elucidate the implications of the presented changes in protein expression on absorption of orally administered drugs in neonates and pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tom de Waal
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Niklas Handin
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Marc Miserez
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ilse Hoffman
- Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maissa Rayyan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Per Artursson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Galetin A, Brouwer KLR, Tweedie D, Yoshida K, Sjöstedt N, Aleksunes L, Chu X, Evers R, Hafey MJ, Lai Y, Matsson P, Riselli A, Shen H, Sparreboom A, Varma MVS, Yang J, Yang X, Yee SW, Zamek-Gliszczynski MJ, Zhang L, Giacomini KM. Membrane transporters in drug development and as determinants of precision medicine. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2024; 23:255-280. [PMID: 38267543 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-023-00877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The effect of membrane transporters on drug disposition, efficacy and safety is now well recognized. Since the initial publication from the International Transporter Consortium, significant progress has been made in understanding the roles and functions of transporters, as well as in the development of tools and models to assess and predict transporter-mediated activity, toxicity and drug-drug interactions (DDIs). Notable advances include an increased understanding of the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on transporter activity, the application of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modelling in predicting transporter-mediated drug disposition, the identification of endogenous biomarkers to assess transporter-mediated DDIs and the determination of the cryogenic electron microscopy structures of SLC and ABC transporters. This article provides an overview of these key developments, highlighting unanswered questions, regulatory considerations and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Galetin
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Kenta Yoshida
- Clinical Pharmacology, Genentech Research and Early Development, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauren Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism, and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Michael J Hafey
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, Metabolism, and Bioanalytics, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA, USA
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andrew Riselli
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Alex Sparreboom
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Manthena V S Varma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide R&D, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jia Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xinning Yang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sook Wah Yee
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Farrell CC, Khanna S, Hoque MT, Plaga A, Basset N, Syed I, Biouss G, Aufreiter S, Marcon N, Bendayan R, Kim YI, O'Connor DL. Low-dose daily folic acid (400 μg) supplementation does not affect regulation of folate transporters found present throughout the terminal ileum and colon of humans: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:809-820. [PMID: 38157986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Folic acid supplementation during the periconceptional period reduces the risk of neural tube defects in infants, but concern over chronic folic acid exposure remains. An improved understanding of folate absorption may clarify potential risks. Folate transporters have been characterized in the small intestine, but less so in the colon of healthy, free-living humans. The impact of folic acid fortification or supplementation on regulation of these transporters along the intestinal tract is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective was to characterize expression of folate transporters/receptor (FT/R) and folate hydrolase, glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), from the terminal ileum and throughout the colon of adults and assess the impact of supplemental folic acid. METHODS In this 16-wk open-labeled randomized clinical trial, adults consumed a low folic acid-containing diet, a folate-free multivitamin, and either a 400 μg folic acid supplement or no folic acid supplement. Dietary intakes and blood were assessed at baseline, 8 wk, and 16 wk (time of colonoscopy). Messenger RNA (mRNA) expression and protein expression of FT/R and GCPII were assessed in the terminal ileum, cecum, and ascending and descending colon. RESULTS Among 24 randomly assigned subjects, no differences in dietary folate intake or blood folate were observed at baseline. Mean ± SD red blood cell folate at 16 wk was 1765 ± 426 and 911 ± 242 nmol/L in the 400 and 0 μg folic acid group, respectively (P < 0.0001). Reduced folate carrier, proton-coupled folate transporter, and folate-receptor alpha expression were detected in the terminal ileum and colon, as were efflux transporters of breast cancer resistance protein and multidrug resistance protein-3. Other than a higher mRNA expression of FR-alpha and GCPII in the 400 μg supplement group in the ascending colon, no treatment differences were observed (P < 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Folate transporters are present throughout the terminal ileum and colon; there is little evidence that a low dose of folic acid supplementation affects colonic absorption. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03421483.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen C Farrell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siya Khanna
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Md Tozammel Hoque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aneta Plaga
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy Basset
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ishba Syed
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Biouss
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susanne Aufreiter
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norman Marcon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reina Bendayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Young-In Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deborah L O'Connor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li Y, Yang K, Zhao L, Xu C, Zhou W, Wang Z, Hu H, You Y. Effects of schisandra lignans on the absorption of protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides mediated by P-glycoprotein and protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides mediated by CYP3A4. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117057. [PMID: 37597677 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (SCF) are frequently used as herb pairs in traditional herbal formulas especially for the synergetic beneficial effects on lung and heart. Shengmai-yin (SMY), a noted formula, was first published in the traditional Chinese medicine classic named Yixue Qiyuan written by Zhang Yuansu in the Jin Dynasty, and has been used for deficiency of both qi and yin, palpitation, shortness of breath and spontaneous sweating. In SMY, GRR, a sovereign herb, plays an essential role in tonifying lung and supplementing qi, and SCF as an adjuvant herb contributes to the effects of nourishing yin and promoting fluid production, both of which are traditionally used as invigorants in China, Korea, Japan, and Russia. However, the underlying compatibility mechanism of GRR-SCF has remained unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In order to explore the impact and underlying mechanism of schisandra chinensis extract (SCE) on the absorption of ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd belonging to protopanaxdiol (PPD)-type and ginsenosides Rg1 and Re belonging to protopanaxtriol (PPT)-type, pharmacokinetic studies, molecular docking technique and single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) experiment were conducted. MATERIAL AND METHODS Preliminarily, pharmacokinetic characteristics of ginseng extract (GE) in the presence and absence of SCE were studied. Thereafter, molecular docking was used to predict whether ginsenosides were P-glycoprotein (P-gp) or cytochrome P450 isoenzyme 3A4 (CYP3A4) substrates. Finally, the effects and underlying mechanism of SCE on the absorption of GE were further investigated by in situ SPIP experiment. RESULTS Our findings indicated that SCE could increase exposure in vivo and the intestinal absorption of distinct ginsenosides. Additionally, we found that the PPD-type ginsenosides Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd were substrates for P-gp, and the PPT-type ginsenosides Rg1 and Re were substrates for CYP3A4 rather than P-gp. SCE, which has been found with extensive inhibitory effects on P-gp and CYP3A4, could remarkably promote the intestinal absorption of ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, and Rd, obtaining similar effects comparable with ketoconazole known as a classic dual inhibitor of P-gp and CYP3A4. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrated that SCE could improve the absorption of GE, and revealed the underlying compatibility mechanism of GRR and SCF from the perspective of P-gp and CYP3A4-mediated interactions to some extent, which provided a certain scientific reference for the compatibility and clinical practice of GRR-SCF as common herb pairs in traditional prescriptions such as SMY. Moreover, this study also furnished a strategy for improving the oral bioavailability of different types of ginsenosides by drug combinations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Linxian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Chunyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Weiling Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhanguo Wang
- Holistic Integrative Medicine Industry Collaborative Innovation Research Center, Qiang Medicine Standard Research Promotion Base and Collaborative Innovation Research Center, School of Preclinical Medicine, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Michiba K, Watanabe K, Imaoka T, Nakai D. Recent Advances in the Gastrointestinal Complex in Vitro Model for ADME Studies. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:37. [PMID: 38258048 PMCID: PMC10819272 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal absorption is a complex process involving the permeability of the epithelial barrier, efflux transporter activity, and intestinal metabolism. Identifying the key factors that govern intestinal absorption for each investigational drug is crucial. To assess and predict intestinal absorption in humans, it is necessary to leverage appropriate in vitro systems. Traditionally, Caco-2 monolayer systems and intestinal Ussing chamber studies have been considered the 'gold standard' for studying intestinal absorption. However, these methods have limitations that hinder their universal use in drug discovery and development. Recently, there has been an increasing number of reports on complex in vitro models (CIVMs) using human intestinal organoids derived from intestinal tissue specimens or iPSC-derived enterocytes plated on 2D or 3D in microphysiological systems. These CIVMs provide a more physiologically relevant representation of key ADME-related proteins compared to conventional in vitro methods. They hold great promise for use in drug discovery and development due to their ability to replicate the expressions and functions of these proteins. This review highlights recent advances in gut CIVMs employing intestinal organoid model systems compared to conventional methods. It is important to note that each CIVM should be tailored to the investigational drug properties and research questions at hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Michiba
- Drug Metabolism & Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan; (K.W.); (T.I.); (D.N.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Goelen J, Farrell G, McGeehan J, Titman CM, J W Rattray N, Johnson TN, Horniblow RD, Batchelor HK. Quantification of drug metabolising enzymes and transporter proteins in the paediatric duodenum via LC-MS/MS proteomics using a QconCAT technique. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2023; 191:68-77. [PMID: 37625656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Characterising the small intestine absorptive membrane is essential to enable prediction of the systemic exposure of oral formulations. In particular, the ontogeny of key intestinal Drug Metabolising Enzymes and Transporter (DMET) proteins involved in drug disposition needs to be elucidated to allow for accurate prediction of the PK profile of drugs in the paediatric cohort. Using pinch biopsies from the paediatric duodenum (n = 36; aged 11 months to 15 years), the abundance of 21 DMET proteins and two enterocyte markers were quantified via LC-MS/MS. An established LCMS nanoflow method was translated to enable analysis on a microflow LC system, and a new stable-isotope-labelled QconCAT standard developed to enable quantification of these proteins. Villin-1 was used to standardise abundancy values. The observed abundancies and ontogeny profiles, agreed with adult LC-MS/MS-based data, and historic paediatric data obtained via western blotting. A linear trend with age was observed for duodenal CYP3A4 and CES2 only. As this work quantified peptides on a pinch biopsy coupled with a microflow method, future studies using a wider population range are very feasible. Furthermore, this DMET ontogeny data can be used to inform paediatric PBPK modelling and to enhance the understanding of oral drug absorption and gut bioavailability in paediatric populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Goelen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | - Gillian Farrell
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | | | - Nicholas J W Rattray
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK
| | | | - Richard D Horniblow
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah K Batchelor
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kourula S, Derksen M, Jardi F, Jonkers S, van Heerden M, Verboven P, Theuns V, Van Asten S, Huybrechts T, Kunze A, Frazer-Mendelewska E, Lai KW, Overmeer R, Roos JL, Vries RGJ, Boj SF, Monshouwer M, Pourfarzad F, Snoeys J. Intestinal organoids as an in vitro platform to characterize disposition, metabolism, and safety profile of small molecules. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 188:106481. [PMID: 37244450 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal organoids derived from LGR5+ adult stem cells allow for long-term culturing, more closely resemble human physiology than traditional intestinal models, like Caco-2, and have been established for several species. Here we evaluated intestinal organoids for drug disposition, metabolism, and safety applications. Enterocyte-enriched human duodenal organoids were cultured as monolayers to enable bidirectional transport studies. 3D enterocyte-enriched human duodenal and colonic organoids were incubated with probe substrates of major intestinal drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). To distinguish human intestinal toxic (high incidence of diarrhea in clinical trials and/or black box warning related to intestinal side effects) from non-intestinal toxic compounds, ATP-based cell viability was used as a readout, and compounds were ranked based on their IC50 values in relation to their 30-times maximal total plasma concentration (Cmax). To assess if rat and dog organoids reproduced the respective in vivo intestinal safety profiles, ATP-based viability was assessed in rat and dog organoids and compared to in vivo intestinal findings when available. Human duodenal monolayers discriminated high and low permeable compounds and demonstrated functional activity for the main efflux transporters Multi drug resistant protein 1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein P-gp) and Breast cancer resistant protein (BCRP). Human 3D duodenal and colonic organoids also showed metabolic activity for the main intestinal phase I and II DMEs. Organoids derived from specific intestinal segments showed activity differences in line with reported DMEs expression. Undifferentiated human organoids accurately distinguished all but one compound from the test set of non-toxic and toxic drugs. Cytotoxicity in rat and dog organoids correlated with preclinical toxicity findings and observed species sensitivity differences between human, rat, and dog organoids. In conclusion, the data suggest intestinal organoids are suitable in vitro tools for drug disposition, metabolism, and intestinal toxicity endpoints. The possibility to use organoids from different species, and intestinal segment holds great potential for cross-species and regional comparisons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Kourula
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Merel Derksen
- HUB Organoids, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ferran Jardi
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Sophie Jonkers
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marjolein van Heerden
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Verboven
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Veronique Theuns
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Stijn Van Asten
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tinne Huybrechts
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Annett Kunze
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Ka Wai Lai
- HUB Organoids, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - René Overmeer
- HUB Organoids, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jamie Lee Roos
- HUB Organoids, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sylvia F Boj
- HUB Organoids, Yalelaan 62, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Monshouwer
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Jan Snoeys
- Preclinical Sciences & Translational Safety, Janssen R&D, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ejaz S, Ali SMA, Zarif B, Shahid R, Ihsan A, Noor T, Imran M. Surface engineering of chitosan nanosystems and the impact of functionalized groups on the permeability of model drug across intestinal tissue. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 242:124777. [PMID: 37169055 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Surface attributes of nanocarriers are crucial to determine their fate in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Herein, we have functionalized chitosan with biochemical moieties including rhamnolipid (RL), curcumin (Cur) and mannose (M). FTIR spectra of functionalized chitosan nanocarriers (FCNCs) demonstrated successful conjugation of M, Cur and RL. The functional moieties influenced the entrapment of model drug i.e., coumarin-6 (C6) in FCNCs with payload-hosting and non-leaching behavior i.e., >91 ± 2.5 % with negligible cumulative release of <2 % for 5 h in KREB, which was further verified in the simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Consequently, substantial difference in the size and zeta potential was observed for FCNCs with different biochemical moieties. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy of FCNCs displayed well-dispersed and spherical morphology. In addition, in vitro cytotoxicity results of FCNCs confirmed their hemocompatibility. In the ex-vivo rat intestinal models, FCNCs displayed a time-dependent-phenomenon in cellular-uptake and adherence. However, apparent-permeability-coefficient and flux values were in the order of C6-RL-FCNCs > C6-M-FCNCs > C6-Cur-FCNCs = C6-CNCs > Free-C6. Furthermore, the transepithelial electrical resistance revealed the FCNCs mediated recovery of membrane-integrity with reversible tight junctions opening. Thus, FCNCs have the potential to overcome the poor solubility and/or permeability issues of active pharmaceutical ingredients and transform the impact of functionalized-nanomedicines in the biomedical industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Ejaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Afroz Ali
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bina Zarif
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ramla Shahid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Ihsan
- Nanobiotechnology Group, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tayyaba Noor
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering (SCME), National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Stillhart C, Asteriadis A, Bocharova E, Eksteen G, Harder F, Kusch J, Tzakri T, Augustijns P, Matthys C, Vertzoni M, Weitschies W, Reppas C. The impact of advanced age on gastrointestinal characteristics that are relevant to oral drug absorption: An AGePOP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 187:106452. [PMID: 37098371 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on three physiological determinants of oral drug absorption, i.e., gastric emptying, volumes and composition of luminal fluids, and intestinal permeability, in the advanced age population, so that potential knowledge gaps and directions for further research efforts are identified. Published data on gastric emptying rates in older people are conflicting. Also, there are significant knowledge gaps, especially on gastric motility and emptying rates of drugs and of non-caloric fluids. Compared with younger adults, volumes of luminal contents seem to be slightly smaller in older people. Our understanding on the impact of advanced age on luminal physicochemical characteristics is, at best, very limited, whereas the impact of (co)morbidities and geriatric syndromes in the advanced age population has not been addressed to date. The available literature on the effect of advanced age on intestinal permeability is limited, and should be approached with caution, primarily due to the limitations of the experimental methodologies used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Asteriadis
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ekaterina Bocharova
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gabriel Eksteen
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Fritz Harder
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonas Kusch
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Theodora Tzakri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christophe Matthys
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Vertzoni
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University of Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christos Reppas
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma S, Singh DK, Mettu VS, Yue G, Ahire D, Basit A, Heyward S, Prasad B. Quantitative Characterization of Clinically Relevant Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes and Transporters in Rat Liver and Intestinal Segments for Applications in PBPK Modeling. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1737-1749. [PMID: 36791335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Rats are extensively used as a preclinical model for assessing drug pharmacokinetics (PK) and tissue distribution; however, successful translation of the rat data requires information on the differences in drug metabolism and transport mechanisms between rats and humans. To partly fill this knowledge gap, we quantified clinically relevant drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters (DMETs) in the liver and different intestinal segments of Sprague-Dawley rats. The levels of DMET proteins in rats were quantified using the global proteomics-based total protein approach (TPA) and targeted proteomics. The abundance of the major DMET proteins was largely comparable using quantitative global and targeted proteomics. However, global proteomics-based TPA was able to detect and quantify a comprehensive list of 66 DMET proteins in the liver and 37 DMET proteins in the intestinal segments of SD rats without the need for peptide standards. Cytochrome P450 (Cyp) and UDP-glycosyltransferase (Ugt) enzymes were mainly detected in the liver with the abundance ranging from 8 to 6502 and 74 to 2558 pmol/g tissue. P-gp abundance was higher in the intestine (124.1 pmol/g) as compared to that in the liver (26.6 pmol/g) using the targeted analysis. Breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) was most abundant in the intestinal segments, whereas organic anion transporting polypeptides (Oatp) 1a1, 1a4, 1b2, and 2a1 and multidrug resistance proteins (Mrp) 2 and 6 were predominantly detected in the liver. To demonstrate the utility of these data, we modeled digoxin PK by integrating protein abundance of P-gp and Cyp3a2 into a physiologically based PK (PBPK) model constructed using PK-Sim software. The model was able to reliably predict the systemic as well as tissue concentrations of digoxin in rats. These findings suggest that proteomics-informed PBPK models in preclinical species can allow mechanistic PK predictions in animal models including tissue drug concentrations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Sharma
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Dilip K Singh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Vijay S Mettu
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Guihua Yue
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Deepak Ahire
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Abdul Basit
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | | | - Bhagwat Prasad
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sharma S, Mettu VS, Prasad B. Interplay of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (Bcrp/Abcg2), Sex, and Fed State in Oral Pharmacokinetic Variability of Furosemide in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020542. [PMID: 36839862 PMCID: PMC9968170 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor and variable oral bioavailability of furosemide (FUR) presents critical challenges in pharmacotherapy. We investigated the interplay of breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp)-mediated transport, sex, and fed state on FUR pharmacokinetics (PK) in rats. A crossover PK study of FUR (5 mg/kg, oral) was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats (3 males and 3 females), alone or with a Bcrp inhibitor, novobiocin (NOV) (20 mg/kg, oral), in both fed and fasted states. Co-administration of NOV significantly increased FUR extent (AUC) and rate (Cmax) of exposure by more than two-fold, which indicates efficient Bcrp inhibition in the intestine. The female rats showed two-fold higher AUC and Cmax, and two-fold lower renal clearance of FUR compared to the male rats. The latter was correlated with higher renal abundance of Bcrp and organic anion transporters (Oats) in the male rats compared to age-matched female rats. These findings suggest that the PK of Bcrp and/or Oat substrates could be sex-dependent in rats. Moreover, allometric scaling of rat PK and toxicological data of Bcrp substrates should consider species and sex differences in Bcrp and Oat abundance in the kidney. Considering that Bcrp is abundant in the intestine of rats and humans, a prospective clinical study is warranted to evaluate the effect of Bcrp inhibition on FUR PK. The potential confounding effect of the Bcrp transporter should be considered when FUR is used as a clinical probe of renal organic anion transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions. Unlike human data, no food-effect was observed on FUR PK in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bhagwat Prasad
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(509)-358-7739; Fax: +1-509-368-6561
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kambayashi A, Shirasaka Y. Food effects on gastrointestinal physiology and drug absorption. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2023; 48:100488. [PMID: 36737277 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Food ingestion affects the oral absorption of many drugs in humans. In this review article, we summarize the physiological factors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that affect the in vivo performance of orally administered solid dosage forms in fasted and fed states in humans. In particular, we discuss the effects of food ingestion on fluid characteristics (pH, bile concentration, and volume) in the stomach and small intestine, GI transit of water and dosage forms, and microbiota. Additionally, case examples of food effects on GI physiology and subsequent changes in oral drug absorption are provided. Furthermore, the effects of food, especially fruit juices (e.g., grapefruit, orange, apple) and green tea, on transporter-mediated permeation and enzyme-catalyzed metabolism of drugs in intestinal epithelial cells are also summarized comprehensively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kambayashi
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0072, Japan; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Weiss M, D'Argenio DZ, Siegmund W. Analysis of Complex Absorption After Multiple Dosing: Application to the Interaction Between the P-glycoprotein Substrate Talinolol and Rifampicin. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3293-3300. [PMID: 36163409 PMCID: PMC9780127 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03397-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In order to clarify the effect of rifampicin on the bioavailability of the P-glycoprotein substrate talinolol, its absorption kinetics was modeled after multiple-dose oral administration of talinolol in healthy subjects. METHODS A sum of two inverse Gaussian functions was used to calculate the time course of the input rate into the systemic circulation. RESULTS The estimated rate of drug entry into the systemic circulation revealed two distinct peaks at 1 and 3.5 h after administration. Rifampicin did not affect bioavailability of talinolol, but did shift the second peak of the input function by 1.3 h to later times. Elimination clearance and one of the intercompartmental distribution clearances increased significantly under rifampicin treatment. CONCLUSIONS Rifampicin changes the time course of absorption rate but not the fraction absorbed of talinolol. The model suggests the existence of two intestinal absorption windows for talinolol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Weiss
- Department of Pharmacology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
| | - David Z D'Argenio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Werner Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The impact of inflammation on the expression of drug transporters and metabolic enzymes in colonic tissue from ulcerative colitis patients. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
|
16
|
Liu Y, Liu C, Kou X, Wang Y, Yu Y, Zhen N, Jiang J, Zhaxi P, Xue Z. Synergistic Hypolipidemic Effects and Mechanisms of Phytochemicals: A Review. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182774. [PMID: 36140902 PMCID: PMC9497508 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperlipidemia, a chronic disorder of abnormal lipid metabolism, can induce obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, and hypertension. Increasing evidence indicates that phytochemicals may serve as a promising strategy for the prevention and management of hyperlipidemia and its complications. At the same time, the concept of synergistic hypolipidemic and its application in the food industry is rapidly increasing as a practical approach to preserve and improve the health-promoting effects of functional ingredients. The current review focuses on the effects of single phytochemicals on hyperlipidemia and its mechanisms. Due to the complexity of the lipid metabolism regulatory network, the synergistic regulation of different metabolic pathways or targets may be more effective than single pathways or targets in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. This review summarizes for the first time the synergistic hypolipidemic effects of different combinations of phytochemicals such as combinations of the same category of phytochemicals and combinations of different categories of phytochemicals. In addition, based on the different metabolic pathways or targets involved in synergistic effects, the possible mechanisms of synergistic hypolipidemic effects of the phytochemical combination are illustrated in this review. Hence, this review provides clues to boost more phytochemical synergistic hypolipidemic research and provides a theoretical basis for the development of phytochemicals with synergistic effects on hyperlipidemia and its complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Chunlong Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Dynamiker Biotechnology (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300450, China
| | - Xiaohong Kou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yumeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yue Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ni Zhen
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Jingyu Jiang
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
| | - Puba Zhaxi
- Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa 850000, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhaohui Xue
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Correspondence: (P.Z.); (Z.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Morita T, Akiyoshi T, Tsuchitani T, Kataoka H, Araki N, Yajima K, Katayama K, Imaoka A, Ohtani H. Inhibitory Effects of Cranberry Juice and Its Components on Intestinal OATP1A2 and OATP2B1: Identification of Avicularin as a Novel Inhibitor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3310-3320. [PMID: 35230114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1A2 and OATP2B1 mediate the intestinal absorption of drugs. This study aimed to identify fruit juices or fruit juice components that inhibit OATPs and assess the risk of associated food-drug interactions. Inhibitory potency was assessed by examining the uptake of [3H]estrone 3-sulfate and [3H]fexofenadine into HEK293 cells expressing OATP1A2 or OATP2B1. In vivo experiments were conducted using mice to evaluate the effects of cranberry juice on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered fexofenadine. Of eight examined fruit juices, cranberry juice inhibited the functions of both OATPs most potently. Avicularin, a component of cranberry juice, was identified as a novel OATP inhibitor. It exhibited IC50 values of 9.0 and 37 μM for the inhibition of estrone 3-sulfate uptake mediated by OATP1A2 and OATP2B1, respectively. A pharmacokinetic experiment revealed that fexofenadine exposure was significantly reduced (by 50%) by cranberry juice. Cranberry juice may cause drug interactions with OATP substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiyoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Tsuchitani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kataoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Naoya Araki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kodai Yajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Ayuko Imaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ohtani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Fokina VM, Patrikeeva S, Wang XM, Noguchi S, Tomi M, König J, Ahmed MS, Nanovskaya T. Role of Uptake Transporters OAT4, OATP2A1, and OATP1A2 in Human Placental Bio-disposition of Pravastatin. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:505-516. [PMID: 34597623 PMCID: PMC8792198 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Pravastatin is currently under evaluation for prevention of preeclampsia. Factors contributing to placental disposition of pravastatin are important in assessment of potential undesirable fetal effects. The purpose of this study was to identify the uptake transporters that contribute to the placental disposition of pravastatin. Our data revealed the expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2) and OATP2A1 in the apical, and OATP2B1 and OATP5A1 in the basolateral membranes of the placenta, while organic anion transporter 4 (OAT4) exhibited higher expression in basolateral membrane but was detected in both membranes. Preloading placental membrane vesicles with glutarate increased the uptake of pravastatin suggesting involvement of glutarate-dependent transporters such as OAT4. In the HEK293 cells overexpressing individual uptake transporters, OATP2A1, OATP1A2 and OAT4 were determined to accept pravastatin as a substrate at physiological pH, while the uptake of pravastatin by OATP2B1 (known to interact with pravastatin at acidic pH) and OATP5A1 was not detected at pH 7.4. These findings led us to propose that OATP1A2 and OATP2A1 are responsible for the placental uptake of pravastatin from the maternal circulation, while OAT4 mediates the passage of the drug across placental basolateral membrane in the fetal-to-maternal direction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina M Fokina
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Svetlana Patrikeeva
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Xiao-ming Wang
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Saki Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan
| | - Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Fahrstrasse 17, 91054 Erlangen
| | - Mahmoud S Ahmed
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Tatiana Nanovskaya
- Maternal-Fetal Pharmacology and Bio-Development Laboratories, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Arian CM, Imaoka T, Yang J, Kelly EJ, Thummel KE. Gutsy science: In vitro systems of the human intestine to model oral drug disposition. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 230:107962. [PMID: 34478775 PMCID: PMC8821120 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The intestine has important gate-keeping functions that can profoundly affect the systemic blood exposure of orally administered drugs. Thus, characterizing a new molecular entity's (NME) disposition within the intestine is of utmost importance in drug development. While currently used in vitro systems, such as Ussing chamber, precision-cut intestinal slices, immortalized cell lines, and primary enterocytes provide substantial knowledge about drug absorption and the intestinal first-pass effect, they remain sub-optimal for quantitatively predicting this process and the oral bioavailability of many drugs. Use of novel in vitro systems such as intestinal organoids and intestinal microphysiological systems have provided substantial advances over the past decade, expanding our understanding of intestinal physiology, pathology, and development. However, application of these emerging in vitro systems in the pharmaceutical science is in its infancy. Preliminary work has demonstrated that these systems more accurately recapitulate the physiology and biochemistry of the intact intestine, as it relates to oral drug disposition, and thus they hold considerable promise as preclinical testing platforms of the future. Here we review currently used and emerging in vitro models of the human intestine employed in pharmaceutical science research. We also highlight aspects of these emerging tools that require further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Arian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Tomoki Imaoka
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jade Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Edward J Kelly
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kenneth E Thummel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schäfer AM, Gilgen PM, Spirgi C, Potterat O, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. Constituents of Passiflora incarnata, but Not of Valeriana officinalis, Interact with the Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP)2B1 and OATP1A2. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:152-162. [PMID: 33511622 DOI: 10.1055/a-1305-3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herbal medication used in the treatment of sleep disorders and anxiety often contain extracts of Valeriana officinalis or Passiflora incarnata. Valerenic acid in V. officinalis and apigenin, orientin, and vitexin in P. incarnata are thought to contribute to their therapeutic effect. It was the aim of this study to test whether these constituents of herbal extracts are interacting with the uptake of estrone 3-sulfate, pregnenolone sulfate, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate mediated by the uptake transporters organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1) or organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 (OATP1A2). Madin-Darby canine kidney cells overexpressing OATP2B1 or OATP1A2 were used to determine the influence of the constituents on the cellular accumulation of the sulfated steroids. Subsequently, competitive counterflow experiments were applied to test whether identified inhibitors are also substrates of the transporters. Valerenic acid only interacted with OATP2B1, whereas apigenin, orientin, and vitexin interacted with OATP2B1 and OATP1A2. Competitive counterflow revealed that orientin is a substrate of both transporters, while apigenin was transported by OATP1A2 and vitexin by OATP2B1. In a next step, commercially available P. incarnata preparations were assessed for their influence on the transporters, revealing inhibition of transporter-mediated estrone 3-sulfate uptake. HPLC-UV-MS analysis confirmed the presence of orientin and vitexin in these preparations, thereby suggesting that these constituents are involved in the interaction. Our data indicate that constituents of P. incarnata may alter the function of OATP2B1 and OATP1A2, which could affect the uptake of other compounds relying on uptake mediated by the transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anima M Schäfer
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pierrine M Gilgen
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Clara Spirgi
- Biopharmacy, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Potterat
- Pharmaceutical Biology, Department Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tan Z, Zhang Y, Wang C, Sun L. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Cefadroxil in Mouse, Rat, and Human to Predict Concentration-Time Profile at Infected Tissue. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:692741. [PMID: 35002687 PMCID: PMC8733657 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.692741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models capable of simulating cefadroxil concentrations in plasma and tissues in mouse, rat, and human. PBPK models in this study consisted of 14 tissues and 2 blood compartments. They were established using measured tissue to plasma partition coefficient (Kp) in mouse and rat, absolute expression levels of hPEPT1 along the entire length of the human intestine, and the transporter kinetic parameters. The PBPK models also assumed that all the tissues were well-stirred compartments with perfusion rate limitations, and the ratio of the concentration in tissue to the unbound concentration in plasma is identical across species. These PBPK models were validated strictly by a series of observed plasma concentration–time profile data. The average fold error (AFE) and absolute average fold error (AAFE) values were all less than 2. The models’ rationality and accuracy were further demonstrated by the almost consistent Vss calculated by the PBPK model and noncompartmental method, as well as the good allometric scaling relationship of Vss and CL. The model suggests that hPEPT1 is the major transporter responsible for the oral absorption of cefadroxil in human, and the plasma concentration–time profiles of cefadroxil were not sensitive to dissolution rate faster than T85% = 2 h. The cefadroxil PBPK model in human is reliable and can be used to predict concentration–time profile at infected tissue. It may be useful for dose selection and informative decision-making during clinical trials and dosage form design of cefadroxil and provide a reference for the PBPK model establishment of hPEPT1 substrate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxia Tan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Youxi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Liaoning Inspection Examination and Certification Centre, Shenyang, China
| | - Le Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Michiba K, Maeda K, Shimomura O, Miyazaki Y, Hashimoto S, Oda T, Kusuhara H. Usefulness of human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells for the prediction of intestinal drug absorption in humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:204-213. [PMID: 34992074 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate the usefulness of human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells as a novel in vitro model for clarifying the impact of intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters on the intestinal absorption of substrate drugs in humans. Three-dimensional human intestinal spheroids were successfully established from surgical human jejunal specimens and expanded for a long period using L-WRN-conditioned medium, which contains Wnt3a, R-spondin 3, and noggin. The mRNA expression levels of intestinal pharmacokinetics-related genes in the human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells were drastically increased over a 5-day period after seeding compared with those in human jejunal spheroids and were approximately the same as those in human jejunal tissue over a culture period of at least 13 days. Activities of typical drug-metabolizing enzymes (cytochrome P450 [CYP] 3A, CYP2C9, uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A, and carboxylesterase 2) and uptake/efflux transporters (peptide transporter 1/SLC15A1, P-glycoprotein, and breast cancer resistance protein) in the differentiated cells were confirmed. Furthermore, intestinal availability (Fg) values estimated from the apical-to-basolateral permeation clearance across cell monolayer showed a good correlation with the in vivo Fg values in humans for five CYP3A substrate drugs (Fg range, 0.35-0.98). In conclusion, the functions of major intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters could be maintained in human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. This model would be useful for the quantitative evaluation of the impact of intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters on the intestinal absorption of substrate drugs in humans. Significance Statement Limited information is available regarding the quantitative prediction of the impact of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters on the human intestinal absorption of substrates using in vitro assays with differentiated cells derived from human intestinal spheroids/organoids. We confirmed the functions of typical drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human jejunal spheroid-derived differentiated intestinal epithelial cells and demonstrated that Fg values estimated from apical-to-basolateral permeation clearance across cell monolayers showed a good correlation with in vivo human Fg values for CYP3A substrate drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyoshi Michiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Univ. of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, The Kitasato University School of Pharmacy, Japan
| | - Osamu Shimomura
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinji Hashimoto
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shen H, Yang Z, Rodrigues AD. Cynomolgus Monkey as an Emerging Animal Model to Study Drug Transporters: In Vitro, In Vivo, In Vitro-To-In Vivo Translation. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 50:299-319. [PMID: 34893475 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane transporters have been recognized as one of the key determinants of pharmacokinetics and are also known to affect the efficacy and toxicity of drugs. Both qualitatively and quantitatively, however, transporter studies conducted using human in vitro systems have not always been predictive. Consequently, researchers have utilized cynomolgus monkeys as a model to study drug transporters and anticipate their effects in humans. Burgeoning reports of data in the last few years necessitates a comprehensive review on the topic of drug transporters in cynomolgus monkeys that includes cell-based tools, sequence homology, tissue expression, in vitro studies, in vivo studies, and in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). This review highlights the state-of-the-art applications of monkey transporter models to support the evaluation of transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions, clearance predictions, and endogenous transporter biomarker identification and validation. The data demonstrate that cynomolgus monkey transporter models, when used appropriately, can be an invaluable tool to support drug discovery and development processes. Most importantly, they provide an early IVIVE assessment which provides additional context to human in vitro data. Additionally, comprehending species similarities and differences in transporter tissue expression and activity is crucial when translating monkey data to humans. The challenges and limitations when applying such models to inform decision-making must also be considered. Significance Statement This paper presents a comprehensive review of currently available published reports describing cynomolgus monkey transporter models. The data indicate that cynomolgus monkeys provide mechanistic insight regarding the role of intestinal, hepatic, and renal transporters in drug and biomarker disposition and drug interactions. It is concluded that the data generated with cynomolgus monkey models provide mechanistic insight regarding transporter-mediated absorption and disposition, as well as human clearance prediction, drug-drug interaction assessment, and endogenous biomarker development related to drug transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, United States
| | - Zheng Yang
- Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li Y, Zhu Y, Han J, Fang J, Xiu Z, Li S, Li W, Yang X, Jin N, Sun L, Li X, Li Y. Ad-Apoptin-hTERTp-E1a Regulates Autophagy Through the AMPK-mTOR-eIF4F Signaling Axis to Reduce Drug Resistance of MCF-7/ADR Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:763500. [PMID: 34869595 PMCID: PMC8640141 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.763500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ad-VT (Ad-Apoptin-hTERTp-E1a) is a type of oncolytic adenovirus with dual specific tumor cell death ability. It can effectively induce cell death of breast cancer cells and has better effect when used in combination with chemotherapy drugs. However, it has not been reported whether Ad-VT reduces the resistance of breast cancer cells to chemotherapy drugs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Ad-VT on drug resistance of Adriamycin-resistant breast cancer cells. For this, the effects of different doses of Ad-VT on the resistance of breast cancer cells to Adriamycin were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative experiments in vitro and in vivo. The Ad-VT can reduce the resistance of MCF-7/ADR to adriamycin, which is caused by the reduction of MRP1 protein level in MCF-7/ADR cells after treatment with Ad-VT, and MRP1 can be interfered with by autophagy inhibitors. Subsequently, the upstream signal of autophagy was analyzed and it was found that Ad-VT reduced the resistance of cells to doxorubicin by reducing the level of mTOR, and then the analysis of the upstream and downstream proteins of mTOR found that Ad-VT increased the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells to adriamycin by activating AMPK-mTOR-eIF4F signaling axis. Ad-VT can not only significantly induce cell death in MCF-7/ADR cells, but also improved their sensitivity to Adriamycin. Therefore, the combination of Ad-VT and chemotherapy drugs may become a new strategy for the treatment of breast cancer in overcoming Adriamycin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yilong Zhu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jicheng Han
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jinbo Fang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiru Xiu
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Shanzhi Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Institute of Virology, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiquan Li
- Academician Workstation of Jilin Province, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China.,Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.,Medical College, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Killer M, Wald J, Pieprzyk J, Marlovits TC, Löw C. Structural snapshots of human PepT1 and PepT2 reveal mechanistic insights into substrate and drug transport across epithelial membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabk3259. [PMID: 34730990 PMCID: PMC8565842 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abk3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of peptides in mammals plays a crucial role in nutrition and inflammatory diseases. This process is mediated by promiscuous transporters of the solute carrier family 15, which form part of the major facilitator superfamily. Besides the uptake of short peptides, peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) is a highly abundant drug transporter in the intestine and represents a major route for oral drug delivery. PepT2 also allows renal drug reabsorption from ultrafiltration and brain-to-blood efflux of neurotoxic compounds. Here, we present cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of human PepT1 and PepT2 captured in four different states throughout the transport cycle. The structures reveal the architecture of human peptide transporters and provide mechanistic insights into substrate recognition and conformational transitions during transport. This may support future drug design efforts to increase the bioavailability of different drugs in the human body.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Killer
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Im Neuenheimer Feld 234, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jiri Wald
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Structural and Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joanna Pieprzyk
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas C. Marlovits
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Structural and Systems Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Löw
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit c/o Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mai Y, Gavins FKH, Dou L, Liu J, Taherali F, Alkahtani ME, Murdan S, Basit AW, Orlu M. A Non-Nutritive Feeding Intervention Alters the Expression of Efflux Transporters in the Gastrointestinal Tract. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111789. [PMID: 34834204 PMCID: PMC8624582 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal interactions with nutrients, xenobiotics and endogenous hormones can influence the expression of clinically relevant membrane transporters. These changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) physiology can in turn affect the absorption of numerous drug substrates. Several studies have examined the effect of food on intestinal transporters in male and female humans and animal models. However, to our knowledge no studies have investigated the influence of a non-nutritive fibre meal on intestinal efflux transporters and key sex and GI hormones. Here, we show that a fibre meal increased the acute expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug-resistance-associated protein-2 (MRP2) in small intestinal segments in both male and female Wistar rats. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used for the protein quantification of efflux transporters and hormonal plasma concentration. In male rats, the fibre meal caused the plasma concentration of the GI hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) to increase by 75% and the sex hormone testosterone to decrease by 50%, whereas, in contrast, the housing food meal caused a decrease in CCK by 32% and testosterone saw an increase of 31%. No significant changes in the hormonal concentrations, however, were seen in female rats. A deeper understanding of the modulation of efflux transporters by sex, food intake and time can improve our understanding of inter- and intra-variability in the pharmacokinetics of drug substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.M.); (L.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Francesca K. H. Gavins
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (F.K.H.G.); (F.T.); (M.E.A.); (S.M.); (A.W.B.)
| | - Liu Dou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.M.); (L.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Jing Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China; (Y.M.); (L.D.); (J.L.)
| | - Farhan Taherali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (F.K.H.G.); (F.T.); (M.E.A.); (S.M.); (A.W.B.)
| | - Manal E. Alkahtani
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (F.K.H.G.); (F.T.); (M.E.A.); (S.M.); (A.W.B.)
| | - Sudaxshina Murdan
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (F.K.H.G.); (F.T.); (M.E.A.); (S.M.); (A.W.B.)
| | - Abdul W. Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (F.K.H.G.); (F.T.); (M.E.A.); (S.M.); (A.W.B.)
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK; (F.K.H.G.); (F.T.); (M.E.A.); (S.M.); (A.W.B.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hirvensalo P, Tornio A, Tapaninen T, Paile-Hyvärinen M, Neuvonen M, Backman JT, Niemi M. Pharmacogenomics of celiprolol - evidence for a role of P-glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 in celiprolol pharmacokinetics. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 15:409-421. [PMID: 34585840 PMCID: PMC8841435 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to search for associations of genetic variants with celiprolol pharmacokinetics in a large set of pharmacokinetic genes, and, more specifically, in a set of previously identified candidate genes ABCB1, SLCO1A2, and SLCO2B1. To this end, we determined celiprolol single‐dose (200 mg) pharmacokinetics and sequenced 379 pharmacokinetic genes in 195 healthy volunteers. Analysis with 46,064 common sequence variants in the 379 genes did not identify any novel genes associated with celiprolol exposure. The candidate gene analysis showed that the ABCB1 c.3435T>C and c.2677T/G>A, and the SLCO1A2 c.516A>C variants were associated with reduced celiprolol area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUC0–∞). An alternative analysis with ABCB1 haplotypes showed that, in addition to SLCO1A2 c.516A>C, three ABCB1 haplotypes were associated with reduced celiprolol AUC0–∞. A genotype scoring system was developed based on these variants and applied to stratify the participants to low and high celiprolol exposure genotype groups. The mean AUC0–∞ of celiprolol in the low exposure genotype group was 55% of the mean AUC0–∞ in the high exposure group (p = 1.08 × 10−11). In addition, the results showed gene‐gene interactions in the effects of SLCO1A2 and ABCB1 variants on celiprolol AUC0–∞ (p < 5 × 10−6) suggesting an interplay between organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 and P‐glycoprotein in celiprolol absorption. Taken together, these data indicate that P‐glycoprotein and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1A2 play a role in celiprolol pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, patients with ABCB1 and SLCO1A2 genotypes associated with low celiprolol exposure may have an increased risk of poor blood‐pressure lowering response to celiprolol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Päivi Hirvensalo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksi Tornio
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Tapaninen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maria Paile-Hyvärinen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Neuvonen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Janne T Backman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Niemi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Individualized Drug Therapy Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kiss M, Mbasu R, Nicolaï J, Barnouin K, Kotian A, Mooij MG, Kist N, Wijnen RMH, Ungell AL, Cutler P, Russel FGM, de Wildt SN. Ontogeny of Small Intestinal Drug Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes Based on Targeted Quantitative Proteomics. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:1038-1046. [PMID: 34548392 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Most drugs are administered to children orally. An information gap remains on the protein abundance of small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) and drug transporters (DTs) across the pediatric age range, which hinders precision dosing in children. To explore age-related differences in DMEs and DTs, surgical leftover intestinal tissues from pediatric and adult jejunum and ileum were collected and analyzed by targeted quantitative proteomics for apical sodium-bile acid transporter, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1), multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) 2, MRP3, organic anion-transporting polypeptide 2B1, organic cation transporter 1, peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UDP glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 1A1, UGT1A10, and UGT2B7. Samples from 58 children (48 ileums, 10 jejunums, age range: 8 weeks to 17 years) and 16 adults (8 ileums, 8 jejunums) were analyzed. When comparing age groups, BCRP, MDR1, PEPT1, and UGT1A1 abundance was significantly higher in adult ileum as compared with the pediatric ileum. Jejunal BCRP, MRP2, UGT1A1, and CYP3A4 abundance was higher in the adults compared with children 0-2 years of age. Examining the data on a continuous age scale showed that PEPT1 and UGT1A1 abundance was significantly higher, whereas MCT1 and UGT2B7 abundance was lower in adult ileum as compared with the pediatric ileum. Our data contribute to the deeper understanding of the ontogeny of small intestinal drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters and shows DME-, DT-, and intestinal location-specific, age-related changes. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This is the first study that describes the ontogeny of small intestinal DTs and DMEs in human using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based targeted quantitative proteomics. The current analysis provides a detailed picture about the maturation of DT and DME abundances in the human jejunum and ileum. The presented results supply age-related DT and DME abundance data for building more accurate PBPK models that serve to support safer and more efficient drug dosing regimens for the pediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Márton Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Richard Mbasu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Johan Nicolaï
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Karin Barnouin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Apoorva Kotian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Miriam G Mooij
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Nico Kist
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Rene M H Wijnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Anna-Lena Ungell
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Paul Cutler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Frans G M Russel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| | - Saskia N de Wildt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands (M.K., F.G.M.R., S.N.d.W.); Development Science (R.M., K.B., A.K., P.C.), and Statistical Sciences and Innovation (N.K.), UCB BioPharma, Slough, United Kingdom; Development Science, UCB BioPharma SRL, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium (J.N., A.-L.U.); Department of Pediatrics, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands (M.G.M.); and Intensive Care and Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (R.M.H.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Jala A, Ponneganti S, Vishnubhatla DS, Bhuvanam G, Mekala PR, Varghese B, Radhakrishnanand P, Adela R, Murty US, Borkar RM. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions: advancement in models, analytical tools, and regulatory perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:285-320. [PMID: 33980079 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1928687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters are a serious clinical concern hence a tremendous amount of work has been done on the characterization of the transporter-mediated proteins in humans and animals. The underlying mechanism for the transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction is the induction or inhibition of the transporter which is involved in the cellular uptake and efflux of drugs. Transporter of the brain, liver, kidney, and intestine are major determinants that alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion profile of drugs, and considerably influence the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. As a consequence, transporter proteins may affect the therapeutic activity and safety of drugs. However, mounting evidence suggests that many drugs change the activity and/or expression of the transporter protein. Accordingly, evaluation of drug interaction during the drug development process is an integral part of risk assessment and regulatory requirements. Therefore, this review will highlight the clinical significance of the transporter, their role in disease, possible cause underlying the drug-drug interactions using analytical tools, and update on the regulatory requirement. The recent in-silico approaches which emphasize the advancement in the discovery of drug-drug interactions are also highlighted in this review. Besides, we discuss several endogenous biomarkers that have shown to act as substrates for many transporters, which could be potent determinants to find the drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are taken into consideration in the drug approval process therefore we also provided the extrapolated decision trees from in-vitro to in-vivo, which may trigger the follow-up to clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Srikanth Ponneganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Devi Swetha Vishnubhatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Gayathri Bhuvanam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Prithvi Raju Mekala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Pullapanthula Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | | | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Buszko K, Kubica K, Hobl EL, Adamski P, Wnuk K, Jilma B, Kubica J. Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Morphine's Effect on Plasma Concentrations of Ticagrelor and Its Metabolite in Healthy Volunteers. Front Physiol 2021; 12:663170. [PMID: 34248659 PMCID: PMC8264498 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.663170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to build a mathematical model describing the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor and its active metabolite (AR-C124910XX) in a stable setting with concomitant administration of morphine. The model consists of a set of four differential equations prepared upon the available knowledge regarding the biological processes in the pharmacokinetics of ticagrelor. The set of equations was solved numerically using the Runge–Kutta method. The data were obtained in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Twenty-four healthy volunteers received a 180-mg ticagrelor loading dose together with either 5-mg morphine or placebo. Blood samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to assess plasma concentrations of ticagrelor and AR-C124910XX before ticagrelor loading dose and after that 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 h. The model allowed us to reproduce the experimental results accurately and led us to conclusions consistent with clinical observations that morphine delays the time of maximum drug concentration and that the morphine effect occurs due to decreased gastrointestinal motility. Based on the model, we were able to predict the effect of drug dose on receptor blocking efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Buszko
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Krystian Kubica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Eva-Luise Hobl
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Piotr Adamski
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Kacper Wnuk
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Systems Theory, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Bernd Jilma
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Kubica
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yuasa H, Yasujima T, Inoue K. Current Understanding of the Intestinal Absorption of Nucleobases and Analogs. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 43:1293-1300. [PMID: 32879202 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
It has long been suggested that a Na+-dependent carrier-mediated transport system is involved in the absorption of nucleobases and analogs, including some drugs currently in therapeutic use, for their uptake at the brush border membrane of epithelial cells in the small intestine, mainly based on studies in non-primate experimental animals. The presence of this transport system was indeed proved by the recent identification of sodium-dependent nucleobase transporter 1 (SNBT1/Slc23a4) as its molecular entity in rats. However, this transporter has been found to be genetically deficient in humans and higher primates. Aware of this deficiency, we need to revisit the issue of the absorption of these compounds in the human small intestine so that we can understand the mechanisms and gain information to assure the more rational use and development of drugs analogous to nucleobases. Here, we review the current understanding of the intestinal absorption of nucleobases and analogs. This includes recent knowledge about the efflux transport of those compounds across the basolateral membrane when exiting epithelial cells, following brush border uptake, in order to complete the overall absorption process; the facilitative transporters of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1/SLC29A1) and equilibrative nucleobase transporter 1 (ENBT1/SLC43A3) may be involved in that in many animal species, including human and rat, without any major species differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Yuasa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Tomoya Yasujima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
| | - Katsuhisa Inoue
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Verma S, Goand UK, Husain A, Katekar RA, Garg R, Gayen JR. Challenges of peptide and protein drug delivery by oral route: Current strategies to improve the bioavailability. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:927-944. [PMID: 33988872 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Advancement in biotechnology provided a notable expansion of peptide and protein therapeutics, used as antigens, vaccines, hormones. It has a prodigious potential to treat a broad spectrum of diseases such as cancer, metabolic disorders, bone disorders, and so forth. Protein and peptide therapeutics are administered parenterally due to their poor bioavailability and stability, restricting their use. Hence, research focuses on the oral delivery of peptides and proteins for the ease of self-administration. In the present review, we first address the main obstacles in the oral delivery system in addition to approaches used to enhance the stability and bioavailability of peptide/protein. We describe the physiochemical parameters of the peptides and proteins influencing bioavailability in the systemic circulation. It encounters, many barriers affecting its stability, such as poor cellular membrane permeability at the GIT site, enzymatic degradation (various proteases), and first-pass hepatic metabolism. Then describe the current approaches to overcome the challenges mentioned above by the use of absorption enhancers or carriers, structural modification, formulation and advance technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Verma
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Umesh K Goand
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Athar Husain
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Roshan A Katekar
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Richa Garg
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Jiaur R Gayen
- Pharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.,Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
A Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Characterizing Interplay of OCTs and MATEs in Intestine, Liver and Kidney to Predict Drug-Drug Interactions of Metformin with Perpetrators. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050698. [PMID: 34064886 PMCID: PMC8151202 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane transport of metformin is highly controlled by transporters including organic cation transporters (OCTs), plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), and multidrug/toxin extrusions (MATEs). Hepatic OCT1, intestinal OCT3, renal OCT2 on tubule basolateral membrane, and MATE1/2-K on tubule apical membrane coordinately work to control metformin disposition. Drug–drug interactions (DDIs) of metformin occur when co-administrated with perpetrators via inhibiting OCTs or MATEs. We aimed to develop a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model characterizing interplay of OCTs and MATEs in the intestine, liver, and kidney to predict metformin DDIs with cimetidine, pyrimethamine, trimethoprim, ondansetron, rabeprazole, and verapamil. Simulations showed that co-administration of perpetrators increased plasma exposures to metformin, which were consistent with clinic observations. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that contributions of the tested factors to metformin DDI with cimetidine are gastrointestinal transit rate > inhibition of renal OCT2 ≈ inhibition of renal MATEs > inhibition of intestinal OCT3 > intestinal pH > inhibition of hepatic OCT1. Individual contributions of transporters to metformin disposition are renal OCT2 ≈ renal MATEs > intestinal OCT3 > hepatic OCT1 > intestinal PMAT. In conclusion, DDIs of metformin with perpetrators are attributed to integrated effects of inhibitions of these transporters.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mai Y, Dou L, Yao Z, Madla CM, Gavins FKH, Taherali F, Yin H, Orlu M, Murdan S, Basit AW. Quantification of P-Glycoprotein in the Gastrointestinal Tract of Humans and Rodents: Methodology, Gut Region, Sex, and Species Matter. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1895-1904. [PMID: 33886332 PMCID: PMC8289313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Intestinal efflux
transporters affect the gastrointestinal processing
of many drugs but further data on their intestinal expression levels
are required. Relative mRNA expression and relative and absolute protein
expression data of transporters are commonly measured by real-time
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot and mass spectrometry-based
targeted proteomics techniques. All of these methods, however, have
their own strengths and limitations, and therefore, validation for
optimized quantification methods is needed. As such, the identification
of the most appropriate technique is necessary to effectively translate
preclinical findings to first-in-human trials. In this study, the
mRNA expression and protein levels of the efflux transporter P-glycoprotein
(P-gp) in jejunal and ileal epithelia of 30 male and female human
subjects, and the duodenal, jejunal, ileal and colonic tissues in
48 Wistar rats were quantified using RT-PCR, Western blot and liquid
chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A similar sex
difference was observed in the expression of small intestinal P-gp
in humans and Wistar rats where P-gp was higher in males than females
with an increasing trend from the proximal to the distal parts in
both species. A strong positive linear correlation was determined
between the Western blot data and LC-MS/MS data in the small intestine
of humans (R2 = 0.85). Conflicting results,
however, were shown in rat small intestinal and colonic P-gp expression
between the techniques (R2 = 0.29 and
0.05, respectively). In RT-PCR and Western blot, an internal reference
protein is experimentally required; here, beta-actin was used which
is innately variable along the intestinal tract. Quantification via
LC-MS/MS can provide data on P-gp expression without the need for
an internal reference protein and consequently, can give higher confidence
on the expression levels of P-gp along the intestinal tract. Overall,
these findings highlight similar trends between the species and suggest
that the Wistar rat is an appropriate preclinical animal model to
predict the oral drug absorption of P-gp substrates in the human small
intestine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Mai
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Liu Dou
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhicheng Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Christine M Madla
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Francesca K H Gavins
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Farhan Taherali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Heyue Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Mine Orlu
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Sudaxshina Murdan
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| | - Abdul W Basit
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
He Q, Li Z, Yin J, Li Y, Yin Y, Lei X, Zhu W. Prognostic Significance of Autophagy-Relevant Gene Markers in Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:566539. [PMID: 33937013 PMCID: PMC8081889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.566539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant solid tumor with an extremely low survival rate after relapse. Previous investigations have shown that autophagy possesses a crucial function in tumors. However, there is no consensus on the value of autophagy-associated genes in predicting the prognosis of CRC patients. This work screens autophagy-related markers and signaling pathways that may participate in the development of CRC, and establishes a prognostic model of CRC based on autophagy-associated genes. Methods Gene transcripts from the TCGA database and autophagy-associated gene data from the GeneCards database were used to obtain expression levels of autophagy-associated genes, followed by Wilcox tests to screen for autophagy-related differentially expressed genes. Then, 11 key autophagy-associated genes were identified through univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis and used to establish prognostic models. Additionally, immunohistochemical and CRC cell line data were used to evaluate the results of our three autophagy-associated genes EPHB2, NOL3, and SNAI1 in TCGA. Based on the multivariate Cox analysis, risk scores were calculated and used to classify samples into high-risk and low-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, risk profiling, and independent prognosis analysis were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to estimate the specificity and sensitivity of the prognostic model. Finally, GSEA, GO, and KEGG analysis were performed to identify the relevant signaling pathways. Results A total of 301 autophagy-related genes were differentially expressed in CRC. The areas under the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year receiver operating characteristic curves of the autophagy-based prognostic model for CRC were 0.764, 0.751, and 0.729, respectively. GSEA analysis of the model showed significant enrichment in several tumor-relevant pathways and cellular protective biological processes. The expression of EPHB2, IL-13, MAP2, RPN2, and TRAF5 was correlated with microsatellite instability (MSI), while the expression of IL-13, RPN2, and TRAF5 was related to tumor mutation burden (TMB). GO analysis showed that the 11 target autophagy genes were chiefly enriched in mRNA processing, RNA splicing, and regulation of the mRNA metabolic process. KEGG analysis showed enrichment mainly in spliceosomes. We constructed a prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-related genes in CRC. Conclusion A prognostic risk assessment model based on 11 autophagy-associated genes was constructed in CRC. The new model suggests directions and ideas for evaluating prognosis and provides guidance to choose better treatment strategies for CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jinbao Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xue Lei
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wenzel C, Drozdzik M, Oswald S. Organic Cation Transporter 1 an Intestinal Uptake Transporter: Fact or Fiction? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:648388. [PMID: 33935750 PMCID: PMC8080103 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.648388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal transporter proteins are known to affect the pharmacokinetics and in turn the efficacy and safety of many orally administered drugs in a clinically relevant manner. This knowledge is especially well-established for intestinal ATP-binding cassette transporters such as P-gp and BCRP. In contrast to this, information about intestinal uptake carriers is much more limited although many hydrophilic or ionic drugs are not expected to undergo passive diffusion but probably require specific uptake transporters. A transporter which is controversially discussed with respect to its expression, localization and function in the human intestine is the organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1). This review article provides an up-to-date summary on the available data from expression analysis as well as functional studies in vitro, animal findings and clinical observations. The current evidence suggests that OCT1 is expressed in the human intestine in small amounts (on gene and protein levels), while its cellular localization in the apical or basolateral membrane of the enterocytes remains to be finally defined, but functional data point to a secretory function of the transporter at the basolateral membrane. Thus, OCT1 should not be considered as a classical uptake transporter in the intestine but rather as an intestinal elimination pathway for cationic compounds from the systemic circulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Wenzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marek Drozdzik
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: An UNGAP review. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105812. [PMID: 33753215 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The absorption of oral drugs is frequently plagued by significant variability with potentially serious therapeutic consequences. The source of variability can be traced back to interindividual variability in physiology, differences in special populations (age- and disease-dependent), drug and formulation properties, or food-drug interactions. Clinical evidence for the impact of some of these factors on drug pharmacokinetic variability is mounting: e.g. gastric pH and emptying time, small intestinal fluid properties, differences in pediatrics and the elderly, and surgical changes in gastrointestinal anatomy. However, the link of colonic factors variability (transit time, fluid composition, microbiome), sex differences (male vs. female) and gut-related diseases (chronic constipation, anorexia and cachexia) to drug absorption variability has not been firmly established yet. At the same time, a way to decrease oral drug pharmacokinetic variability is provided by the pharmaceutical industry: clinical evidence suggests that formulation approaches employed during drug development can decrease the variability in oral exposure. This review outlines the main drivers of oral drug exposure variability and potential approaches to overcome them, while highlighting existing knowledge gaps and guiding future studies in this area.
Collapse
|
38
|
Steenackers N, Vanuytsel T, Augustijns P, Tack J, Mertens A, Lannoo M, Van der Schueren B, Matthys C. Adaptations in gastrointestinal physiology after sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 6:225-237. [PMID: 33581761 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(20)30302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Linked to the growing obesity epidemic, demand for bariatric and metabolic surgery has increased, the most common procedures being sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Originally, bariatric procedures were described as purely restrictive, malabsorptive, or combined restrictive-malabsorptive procedures limiting food intake, nutrient absorption, or both. Nowadays, anatomical alterations are known to affect gastrointestinal physiology, which in turn affects the digestion and absorption of nutrients and drugs. Therefore, understanding gastrointestinal physiology is crucial to prevent postoperative nutritional deficiencies and to optimise postoperative drug therapy. Preclinical and clinical research indicates that sleeve gastrectomy accelerates liquid and solid gastric emptying and small intestinal transit, and increases bile acid serum levels, whereas its effects on gastrointestinal acidity, gastric and pancreatic secretions, surface area, and colonic transit remain largely unknown. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass diminishes gastric acid secretion, accelerates liquid gastric emptying, and increases bile acid serum levels, but its effects on intestinal pH, solid gastric emptying, intestinal transit time, gastric enzyme secretions, and surface area remain largely unknown. In this Review, we summarise current knowledge of the effects of these two procedures on gastrointestinal physiology and assess the knowledge gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nele Steenackers
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tim Vanuytsel
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, and Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Tack
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ann Mertens
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Lannoo
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Drug Disposition in the Lower Gastrointestinal Tract: Targeting and Monitoring. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13020161. [PMID: 33530468 PMCID: PMC7912393 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of colonic diseases calls for a better understanding of the various colonic drug absorption barriers of colon-targeted formulations, and for reliable in vitro tools that accurately predict local drug disposition. In vivo relevant incubation conditions have been shown to better capture the composition of the limited colonic fluid and have resulted in relevant degradation and dissolution kinetics of drugs and formulations. Furthermore, drug hurdles such as efflux transporters and metabolising enzymes, and the presence of mucus and microbiome are slowly integrated into drug stability- and permeation assays. Traditionally, the well characterized Caco-2 cell line and the Ussing chamber technique are used to assess the absorption characteristics of small drug molecules. Recently, various stem cell-derived intestinal systems have emerged, closely mimicking epithelial physiology. Models that can assess microbiome-mediated drug metabolism or enable coculturing of gut microbiome with epithelial cells are also increasingly explored. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the colonic physiology in relation to drug absorption, and review colon-targeting formulation strategies and in vitro tools to characterize colonic drug disposition.
Collapse
|
40
|
Boullata JI. Enteral Medication for the Tube-Fed Patient: Making This Route Safe and Effective. Nutr Clin Pract 2020; 36:111-132. [PMID: 33373487 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of medication through an enteral access device requires important forethought. Meeting a patient's therapeutic needs requires achieving expected drug bioavailability without increasing the risk for toxicity, therapeutic failure, or feeding tube occlusion. Superimposing gut dysfunction, critical illness, or enteral nutrition-drug interaction further increases the need for a systematic approach to prescribing, evaluating, and preparing a drug for administration through an enteral access device. This review will explain the fundamental factors involved in drug bioavailability through the gut, address the influencing considerations for the enterally fed patient, and describe best practices for enteral drug preparation and administration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Boullata
- Department of Clinical Nutrition Support Services, Penn Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Loisios-Konstantinidis I, Dressman J. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modeling to Support Waivers of In Vivo Clinical Studies: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities. Mol Pharm 2020; 18:1-17. [PMID: 33320002 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) modeling has been extensively applied to quantitatively translate in vitro data, predict the in vivo performance, and ultimately support waivers of in vivo clinical studies. In the area of biopharmaceutics and within the context of model-informed drug discovery and development (MID3), there is a rapidly growing interest in applying verified and validated mechanistic PBPK models to waive in vivo clinical studies. However, the regulatory acceptance of PBPK analyses for biopharmaceutics and oral drug absorption applications, which is also referred to variously as "PBPK absorption modeling" [Zhang et al. CPT: Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol. 2017, 6, 492], "physiologically based absorption modeling", or "physiologically based biopharmaceutics modeling" (PBBM), remains rather low [Kesisoglou et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016, 105, 2723] [Heimbach et al. AAPS J. 2019, 21, 29]. Despite considerable progress in the understanding of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology, in vitro biopharmaceutic and in silico tools, PBPK models for oral absorption often suffer from an incomplete understanding of the physiology, overparameterization, and insufficient model validation and/or platform verification, all of which can represent limitations to their translatability and predictive performance. The complex interactions of drug substances and (bioenabling) formulations with the highly dynamic and heterogeneous environment of the GI tract in different age, ethnic, and genetic groups as well as disease states have not been yet fully elucidated, and they deserve further research. Along with advancements in the understanding of GI physiology and refinement of current or development of fully mechanistic in silico tools, we strongly believe that harmonization, interdisciplinary interaction, and enhancement of the translational link between in vitro, in silico, and in vivo will determine the future of PBBM. This Perspective provides an overview of the current status of PBBM, reflects on challenges and knowledge gaps, and discusses future opportunities around PBPK/PD models for oral absorption of small and large molecules to waive in vivo clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer Dressman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany.,Fraunhofer Institute of Translational Pharmacology and Medicine (ITMP), Carl-von-Noorden Platz 9, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Al-Majdoub ZM, Couto N, Achour B, Harwood MD, Carlson G, Warhurst G, Barber J, Rostami-Hodjegan A. Quantification of Proteins Involved in Intestinal Epithelial Handling of Xenobiotics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2020; 109:1136-1146. [PMID: 33113152 PMCID: PMC8048492 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium represents a natural barrier against harmful xenobiotics, while facilitating the uptake of nutrients and other substances. Understanding the interaction of chemicals with constituents of the intestinal epithelium and their fate in the body requires quantitative measurement of relevant proteins in in vitro systems and intestinal epithelium. Recent studies have highlighted the mismatch between messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein abundance for several drug‐metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the highly dynamic environment of the intestinal epithelium; mRNA abundances cannot therefore be used as a proxy for protein abundances in the gut, necessitating direct measurements. The objective was to determine the expression of a wide range proteins pertinent to metabolism and disposition of chemicals and nutrients in the intestinal epithelium. Ileum and jejunum biopsy specimens were obtained from 16 patients undergoing gastrointestinal elective surgery. Mucosal fractions were prepared and analyzed using targeted and global proteomic approaches. A total of 29 enzymes, 32 transporters, 6 tight junction proteins, 2 adhesion proteins, 1 alkaline phosphatase, 1 thioredoxin, 5 markers, and 1 regulatory protein were quantified—60 for the first time. The global proteomic method identified a further 5,222 proteins, which are retained as an open database for interested parties to explore. This study significantly expands our knowledge of a wide array of proteins important for xenobiotic handling in the intestinal epithelium. Quantitative systems biology models will benefit from the novel systems data generated in the present study and the translation path offered for in vitro to in vivo translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubida M Al-Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Narciso Couto
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Gordon Carlson
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Geoffrey Warhurst
- Gut Barrier Group, Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amin Rostami-Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Certara UK (Simcyp Division), Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Al‐Majdoub ZM, Achour B, Couto N, Howard M, Elmorsi Y, Scotcher D, Alrubia S, El‐Khateeb E, Vasilogianni A, Alohali N, Neuhoff S, Schmitt L, Rostami‐Hodjegan A, Barber J. Mass spectrometry-based abundance atlas of ABC transporters in human liver, gut, kidney, brain and skin. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4134-4150. [PMID: 33128234 PMCID: PMC7756589 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
ABC transporters (ATP-binding cassette transporter) traffic drugs and their metabolites across membranes, making ABC transporter expression levels a key factor regulating local drug concentrations in different tissues and individuals. Yet, quantification of ABC transporters remains challenging because they are large and low-abundance transmembrane proteins. Here, we analysed 200 samples of crude and membrane-enriched fractions from human liver, kidney, intestine, brain microvessels and skin, by label-free quantitative mass spectrometry. We identified 32 (out of 48) ABC transporters: ABCD3 was the most abundant in liver, whereas ABCA8, ABCB2/TAP1 and ABCE1 were detected in all tissues. Interestingly, this atlas unveiled that ABCB2/TAP1 may have TAP2-independent functions in the brain and that biliary atresia (BA) and control livers have quite different ABC transporter profiles. We propose that meaningful biological information can be derived from a direct comparison of these data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zubida M. Al‐Majdoub
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Brahim Achour
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Narciso Couto
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Martyn Howard
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Yasmine Elmorsi
- Clinical Pharmacy DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityEgypt
| | - Daniel Scotcher
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| | - Sarah Alrubia
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry DepartmentCollege of PharmacyKing Saud UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Eman El‐Khateeb
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Clinical Pharmacy DepartmentFaculty of PharmacyTanta UniversityEgypt
| | | | - Noura Alohali
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Pharmaceutical Practice DepartmentCollege of PharmacyPrincess Noura Bint Abdul Rahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Lutz Schmitt
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Amin Rostami‐Hodjegan
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
- Simcyp DivisionCertara UK LtdSheffieldUK
| | - Jill Barber
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic ResearchSchool of Health SciencesUniversity of ManchesterUK
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Morita T, Akiyoshi T, Sato R, Uekusa Y, Katayama K, Yajima K, Imaoka A, Sugimoto Y, Kiuchi F, Ohtani H. Citrus Fruit-Derived Flavanone Glycoside Narirutin is a Novel Potent Inhibitor of Organic Anion-Transporting Polypeptides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14182-14191. [PMID: 33210911 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) 1A2 and OATP2B1 are expressed in the small intestine and are involved in drug absorption. We identified narirutin, which is present in grapefruit juice, as a novel OATP inhibitor. The citrus fruit jabara also contains high levels of narirutin; therefore, we investigated the inhibitory potency of jabara juice against OATPs. The inhibitory effects of various related compounds on the transport activity of OATPs were evaluated using OATP-expressing HEK293 cells. The IC50 values of narirutin for OATP1A2- and OATP2B1-mediated transport were 22.6 and 18.2 μM, respectively. Other flavanone derivatives from grapefruit juice also inhibited OATP1A2/OATP2B1-mediated transport (order of inhibitory potency: naringenin > narirutin > naringin). Five percent jabara juice significantly inhibited OATP1A2- and OATP2B1-mediated transport by 67 ± 11 and 81 ± 5.5%, respectively (p < 0.05). Based on their inhibitory potency and levels in grapefruit juice, the inhibition of OATPs by grapefruit juice is attributable to both naringin and narirutin. Citrus × jabara, which contains narirutin, potently inhibits OATP-mediated transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tokio Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Akiyoshi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Ryo Sato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Uekusa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katayama
- School of Pharmacy, Nihon University, 7-7-1 Narashinodai, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8555, Japan
| | - Kodai Yajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Ayuko Imaoka
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sugimoto
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Kiuchi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Hisakazu Ohtani
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, 1-5-30, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Rosa B. Equine Drug Transporters: A Mini-Review and Veterinary Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111064. [PMID: 33171593 PMCID: PMC7695171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic transport proteins play an important role in determining drug disposition and pharmacokinetics. Our understanding of the role of these important proteins in humans and pre-clinical animal species has increased substantially over the past few decades, and has had an important impact on human medicine; however, veterinary medicine has not benefitted from the same quantity of research into drug transporters in species of veterinary interest. Differences in transporter expression cause difficulties in extrapolation of drug pharmacokinetic parameters between species, and lack of knowledge of species-specific transporter distribution and function can lead to drug–drug interactions and adverse effects. Horses are one species in which little is known about drug transport and transporter protein expression. The purpose of this mini-review is to stimulate interest in equine drug transport proteins and comparative transporter physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brielle Rosa
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, TRW 2D01, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
A Pharmacokinetic Bridging Study to Compare Systemic Exposure to Budesonide between Budesonide Oral Suspension and ENTOCORT EC in Healthy Individuals. Drugs R D 2020; 20:359-367. [PMID: 33057953 PMCID: PMC7691405 DOI: 10.1007/s40268-020-00324-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Currently, there are no US FDA-approved therapies for eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Budesonide oral suspension (BOS; SHP621, TAK-721) is a viscous, muco-adherent, oral formulation of budesonide that is in phase III development for the treatment of EoE. BOS 2 mg twice daily was studied in 12- and 36-week phase III studies for the induction and maintenance of clinical remission in adults and adolescents with EoE (NCT02605837 and NCT02736409). ENTOCORT EC is a gelatin capsule formulation of budesonide that is FDA-approved for the treatment of mild-to-moderate active Crohn's disease (CD) in adults and children. This study compared the systemic exposure to budesonide from BOS with that from ENTOCORT EC, aiming to provide the pharmacokinetic (PK) bridge to the safety data of ENTOCORT EC. METHODS Healthy adult volunteers (n = 22) were enrolled in an open-label, single-center, crossover study. Participants received a single oral dose of BOS 2 mg and a single oral dose of ENTOCORT EC 9 mg under fasting conditions in a randomized sequence, with a 48-h washout period between treatments. PK parameters were calculated by non-compartmental analysis and compared between treatments using a mixed-effects model with sequence and treatment as fixed effects and individuals within sequence as a random effect. RESULTS Plasma budesonide concentrations showed that budesonide was absorbed significantly faster from BOS 2 mg than from ENTOCORT EC 9 mg, with peak concentrations reached at 1.5 and 4 h, respectively (p < 0.001). Systemic exposure to budesonide after a single oral dose of BOS 2 mg was lower than that observed after a single oral dose of ENTOCORT EC 9 mg; the least squares geometric mean maximum plasma concentration and the area under the concentration-time curve from the time of dosing to infinity and from the time of dosing to the last measurable concentration of budesonide after BOS 2 mg were 71.1%, 33.5%, and 33.6% of those after ENTOCORT EC 9 mg, respectively. No notable differences in treatment-emergent adverse events were observed between individuals treated with either drug; all events were mild and none resulted in discontinuation from the study. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that systemic exposure to budesonide after a single oral dose of BOS 2 mg was lower than that after a single oral dose of ENTOCORT EC 9 mg. These results provide PK bridging data to compare BOS with therapeutic doses of ENTOCORT EC with respect to safety information.
Collapse
|
47
|
Tikkanen A, Pierrot E, Deng F, Sánchez VB, Hagström M, Koenderink JB, Kidron H. Food Additives as Inhibitors of Intestinal Drug Transporter OATP2B1. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:3748-3758. [PMID: 32845645 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Food additives are compounds that are added to food and beverage to improve the taste, color, preservation, or composition. Generally, food additives are considered safe for human use due to safety evaluations conducted by food safety authorities and high safety margins applied to permitted usage levels. However, the interaction potential of food additives with simultaneously administered medication has not received much attention. Even though many food additives are poorly absorbed into systemic circulation, high concentrations could exist in the intestinal lumen, making intestinal drug transporters, such as the uptake transporter organic anion transporting polypeptide 2B1 (OATP2B1), a possible site of food additive-drug interactions. In the present work, we aimed to characterize the interaction of a selection of 25 food additives including colorants, preservatives, and sweeteners with OATP2B1 in vitro. In human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells transiently overexpressing OATP2B1 or control, uptake of dibromofluorescein was studied with and without 50 μM food additive at pH 7.4. As OATP2B1 displays substrate- and pH-dependent transport functions and the intraluminal pH varies along the gastrointestinal tract, we performed the studies also at pH 5.5 using estrone sulfate as an OATP2B1 substrate. Food additives that inhibited OATP2B1-mediated substrate transport by ≥50% were subjected to dose-response studies. Six colorants were identified and validated as OATP2B1 inhibitors at pH 5.5, but only three of these were categorized as inhibitors at pH 7.4. One sweetener was validated as an inhibitor under both assay conditions, whereas none of the preservatives exhibited ≥50% inhibition of OATP2B1-mediated transport. Extrapolation of computed inhibitory constants (Ki values) to estimations of intestinal food additive concentrations implies that selected colorants could inhibit intestinal OATP2B1 also in vivo. These results suggest that food additives, especially colorants, could alter the pharmacokinetics of orally administered OATP2B1 substrate drugs, although further in vivo studies are warranted to understand the overall clinical consequences of the findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alli Tikkanen
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Estelle Pierrot
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Feng Deng
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virginia Barras Sánchez
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Hagström
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jan B Koenderink
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen 6525 EZ, The Netherlands
| | - Heidi Kidron
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Li AP, Ho MD, Alam N, Mitchell W, Wong S, Yan Z, Kenny JR, E. C. A. Hop C. Inter-individual and inter-regional variations in enteric drug metabolizing enzyme activities: Results with cryopreserved human intestinal mucosal epithelia (CHIM) from the small intestines of 14 donors. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00645. [PMID: 32851819 PMCID: PMC7449955 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported successful isolation and cryopreservation of human intestinal mucosa (CHIM) with retention of viability and drug metabolizing enzyme activities. Here we report the results of the quantification of drug metabolizing enzyme activities in CHIM from different regions of the small intestines from 14 individual donors. CHIM were isolated from the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum of 10 individuals, and from 10 consecutive 12-inch segments starting from the pyloric sphincter of human small intestines from four additional individuals. P450 and non-P450 drug metabolizing enzyme activities (CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, CYP2E1, CYP3A, UGT, SULT, FMO, MAO, AO, NAT1, and NAT2) were quantified via incubation with pathway-selective substrates. Quantifiable activities were observed for all pathways except for CYP2A6. Comparison of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum in 10 donors shows jejunum had higher activities for CYP2C9, CYP3A, UGT, SULT, MAO, and NAT1. Further definition of regional variations with CHIM from ten 12-inch segments of the proximal small intestine shows that the segments immediately after the first 12-inch segment (duodenum) had the highest activity for most of the drug metabolizing enzymes but with substantial differences among the four donors. Our overall results demonstrate that there are substantial individual differences in drug metabolizing enzymes and that jejunum, especially the regions immediately after the duodenum, had the highest drug metabolizing enzyme activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Novera Alam
- In Vitro ADMET Laboratories, Inc.ColumbiaMDUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
The organic cation transporters (OCTs) OCT1, OCT2, OCT3, novel OCT (OCTN)1, OCTN2, multidrug and toxin exclusion (MATE)1, and MATE kidney-specific 2 are polyspecific transporters exhibiting broadly overlapping substrate selectivities. They transport organic cations, zwitterions, and some uncharged compounds and operate as facilitated diffusion systems and/or antiporters. OCTs are critically involved in intestinal absorption, hepatic uptake, and renal excretion of hydrophilic drugs. They modulate the distribution of endogenous compounds such as thiamine, L-carnitine, and neurotransmitters. Sites of expression and functions of OCTs have important impact on energy metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of drugs, and on drug-drug interactions. In this work, an overview about the human OCTs is presented. Functional properties of human OCTs, including identified substrates and inhibitors of the individual transporters, are described. Sites of expression are compiled, and data on regulation of OCTs are presented. In addition, genetic variations of OCTs are listed, and data on their impact on transport, drug treatment, and diseases are reported. Moreover, recent data are summarized that indicate complex drug-drug interaction at OCTs, such as allosteric high-affinity inhibition of transport and substrate dependence of inhibitor efficacies. A hypothesis about the molecular mechanism of polyspecific substrate recognition by OCTs is presented that is based on functional studies and mutagenesis experiments in OCT1 and OCT2. This hypothesis provides a framework to imagine how observed complex drug-drug interactions at OCTs arise. Finally, preclinical in vitro tests that are performed by pharmaceutical companies to identify interaction of novel drugs with OCTs are discussed. Optimized experimental procedures are proposed that allow a gapless detection of inhibitory and transported drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Koepsell
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology and Department of Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arnold YE, Kalia YN. Using Ex Vivo Porcine Jejunum to Identify Membrane Transporter Substrates: A Screening Tool for Early-Stage Drug Development. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090340. [PMID: 32927779 PMCID: PMC7555276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Robust, predictive ex vivo/in vitro models to study intestinal drug absorption by passive and active transport mechanisms are scarce. Membrane transporters can significantly impact drug uptake and transporter-mediated drug–drug interactions can play a pivotal role in determining the drug safety profile. Here, the presence and activity of seven clinically relevant apical/basolateral drug transporters found in human jejunum were tested using ex vivo porcine intestine in a Ussing chamber system. Experiments using known substrates of peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1), organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP2B1), organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), multi drug resistance-associated protein 2 and 3 (MRP2 and MRP3), in the absence and presence of potent inhibitors, showed that there was a statistically significant change in apparent intestinal permeability Papp,pig (cm/s) in the presence of the corresponding inhibitor. For MRP2, a transporter reportedly present at relatively low concentration, although Papp,pig did not significantly change in the presence of the inhibitor, substrate deposition (QDEP) in the intestinal tissue was significantly increased. The activity of the seven transport proteins was successfully demonstrated and the results provided insight into their apical/basolateral localization. In conclusion, the results suggest that studies using the porcine intestine/Ussing chamber system, which could easily be integrated into the drug development process, might enable the early-stage identification of new molecular entities that are substrates of membrane transporters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne E. Arnold
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yogeshvar N. Kalia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Centre Médical Universitaire, 1 rue Michel Servet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-(0)22-379-3355
| |
Collapse
|