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Frka-Petesic B, Parton TG, Honorato-Rios C, Narkevicius A, Ballu K, Shen Q, Lu Z, Ogawa Y, Haataja JS, Droguet BE, Parker RM, Vignolini S. Structural Color from Cellulose Nanocrystals or Chitin Nanocrystals: Self-Assembly, Optics, and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12595-12756. [PMID: 38011110 PMCID: PMC10729353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Widespread concerns over the impact of human activity on the environment have resulted in a desire to replace artificial functional materials with naturally derived alternatives. As such, polysaccharides are drawing increasing attention due to offering a renewable, biodegradable, and biocompatible feedstock for functional nanomaterials. In particular, nanocrystals of cellulose and chitin have emerged as versatile and sustainable building blocks for diverse applications, ranging from mechanical reinforcement to structural coloration. Much of this interest arises from the tendency of these colloidally stable nanoparticles to self-organize in water into a lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal, which can be readily manipulated in terms of its periodicity, structure, and geometry. Importantly, this helicoidal ordering can be retained into the solid-state, offering an accessible route to complex nanostructured films, coatings, and particles. In this review, the process of forming iridescent, structurally colored films from suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is summarized and the mechanisms underlying the chemical and physical phenomena at each stage in the process explored. Analogy is then drawn with chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs), allowing for key differences to be critically assessed and strategies toward structural coloration to be presented. Importantly, the progress toward translating this technology from academia to industry is summarized, with unresolved scientific and technical questions put forward as challenges to the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
- International
Institute for Sustainability with Knotted Chiral Meta Matter (WPI-SKCM), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Thomas G. Parton
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Camila Honorato-Rios
- Department
of Sustainable and Bio-inspired Materials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- B
CUBE − Center for Molecular Bioengineering, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kevin Ballu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Qingchen Shen
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Zihao Lu
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Yu Ogawa
- CERMAV-CNRS,
CS40700, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Johannes S. Haataja
- Department
of Applied Physics, Aalto University School
of Science, P.O. Box
15100, Aalto, Espoo FI-00076, Finland
| | - Benjamin E. Droguet
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Richard M. Parker
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Yusuf
Hamied Department of Chemistry, University
of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
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2
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Abbasi Moud A, Abbasi Moud A. Flow and assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC): A bottom-up perspective - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 232:123391. [PMID: 36716841 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulosic sources, such as lignocellulose-rich biomass, can be mechanically or acid degraded to produce inclusions called cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). They have several uses in the sectors of biomedicine, photonics, and material engineering because of their biodegradability, renewability, sustainability, and mechanical qualities. The processing and design of CNC-based products are inextricably linked to the rheological behaviour of CNC suspension or in combination with other chemicals, such as surfactants or polymers; in this context, rheology offers a significant link between microstructure and macro scale flow behaviour that is intricately linked to material response in applications. The flow behaviour of CNC items must be properly specified in order to produce goods with value-added characteristics. In this review article, we provide new research on the shear rheology of CNC dispersion and CNC-based hydrogels in the linear and nonlinear regime, with storage modulus values reported to range from ~10-3 to 103 Pa. Applications in technology and material science are also covered simultaneously. We carefully examined the effects of charge density, aspect ratio, concentration, persistence length, alignment, liquid crystal formation, the cause of chirality in CNCs, interfacial behaviour and interfacial rheology, linear and nonlinear viscoelasticity of CNC suspension in bulk and at the interface using the currently available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aref Abbasi Moud
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran.
| | - Aliyeh Abbasi Moud
- Biomedical Engineering Department, AmirKabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875/4413, PC36+P45 District 6, Tehran, Tehran Province 1591634311, Iran
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3
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Verma C, Chhajed M, Singh S, Sathwane M, Maji PK. Bioinspired structural color sensors based on self-assembled cellulose nanocrystal/citric acid to distinguish organic solvents. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Gollapelli B, Rama Raju Ganji S, Kumar Tatipamula A, Vallamkondu J. Bio-derived chlorophyll dye doped cholesteric liquid crystal films and microdroplets for advanced anti-counterfeiting security labels. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Abbasi Moud A. Chiral Liquid Crystalline Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Fundamentals and Applications. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:30673-30699. [PMID: 36092570 PMCID: PMC9453985 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
By using an independent self-assembly process that is occasionally controlled by evaporation, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) may create films (pure or in conjunction with other materials) that have iridescent structural colors. The self-forming chiral nematic structures and environmental safety of a new class of photonic liquid crystals (LCs), referred to as CNCs and CNC-embedded materials, make them simple to make and treat. The structure of the matrix interacts with light to give structural coloring, as opposed to other dye pigments, which interact with light by adsorption and reflection. Understanding how CNC self-assembly constructs structures is vital in several fields, including physics, science, and engineering. To constructure this review, the colloidal characteristics of CNC particles and their behavior during the formation of liquid crystals and gelling were studied. Then, some of the recognized applications for these naturally occurring nanoparticles were summarized. Different factors were considered, including the CNC aspect ratio, surface chemistry, concentration, the amount of time needed to produce an anisotropic phase, and the addition of additional substances to the suspension medium. The effects of alignment and the drying process conditions on structural changes are also covered. The focus of this study however is on the optical properties of the films as well as the impact of the aforementioned factors on the final transparency, iridescent colors, and versus the overall response of these bioinspired photonic materials. Control of the examined factors was found to be necessary to produce reliable materials for optoelectronics, intelligent inks and papers, transparent flexible support for electronics, and decorative coatings and films.
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6
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Zhao H, Dai X, Yuan Z, Li G, Fu Y, Qin M. Iridescent chiral nematic papers based on cellulose nanocrystals with multiple optical responses for patterned coatings. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 289:119461. [PMID: 35483862 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral nematic papers (CNPs) with mesopores structure based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were fabricated successfully via a swelling and freeze-drying method. The order of the original chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystals film was preserved in CNPs, which was proved by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), polarized optical microscopy (POM) measurements and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. The CNPs exhibited excellent optical responsive properties to different solvents. Inspired by this feature, a colorable ink containing amounts of gel particles was prepared by pulverizing CNPs/water mixture into a suspension. Patterns written in suspension ink with various colors can be formed when soaked with different solvents. Moreover, CNPs displayed an irreversible color response to compression. Additionally, the hydrophilicity of CNPs was tuned by polyethyleneimine. Modified CNPs exhibited different colors under the identical solvent environment when compared to the original one. Aqueous PEI can be used as an ink to depict responsive photonic patterns on CNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xiaonan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Zaiwu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Guihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Yingjuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals in Universities of Shandong, State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan 250353, China
| | - Menghua Qin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Taishan University, Taian 271021, China
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7
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Facile adjustment on cellulose nanocrystals composite films with glycerol and benzyl acrylate copolymer for enhanced UV shielding property. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 204:41-49. [PMID: 35122797 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) composite films with suitable applicable capabilities were prepared by facilely incorporating glycerol (Gly) and poly(benzyl acrylate) (PBA). Chemical and morphological variations during the fabrication of the films were systematically characterized. The properties of modified CNCs composite films including UV blocking ability, mechanical strength and thermal properties were characterized to assess their applicable potentials. As a result, the composite films have good UV shielding property in UVC (220-280 nm) region and UVB (280-320 nm) region. The shielding performance of the modified film in the ultraviolet absorption region reached 92.77% to 95.49% respectively, without damaging the original chiral nematic structure of the films. Along with the modification, BACNC film improved the mechanical properties, presenting the tensile strength 16 times higher compared to pure CNCs film. The nanocomposite films proposed in this work showed promising potentials in broad fields, such as food preservation, medical protection, and surface coating applications.
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8
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Kim M, Lee H, Krecker MC, Bukharina D, Nepal D, Bunning TJ, Tsukruk VV. Switchable Photonic Bio-Adhesive Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103674. [PMID: 34476859 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A soft photonic bio-adhesive material is designed with real-time colorimetrical monitoring of switchable adhesion by integrating a responsive bio-photonic matrix with mobile hydrogen-binding networking. Synergetic materials sequencing creates a unique iridescent appearance directly coupled with both adhesive ability and shearing strength, in a highly reversible manner. The responsive photonic materials, having a physically hydrogen-bonded chiral nematic organization, vary their adhesion strength due to a transition in cohesive and interfacial failure mechanism in humid surroundings. The bright color appearance shifts from blue to red to transparent and back due to a change in pitch length of the chiral helicoidal organization that also triggers coupled changes in both mechanical strength and interfacial adhesion. Such reversible strength-adhesion-iridescence triple-coupling phenomenon is further explored for design of super-strong switchable bio-adhesives for synthetic/biological surfaces with quick remotely triggered sticky-to-nonsticky transitions, removable conformal soft stickers, and wound dressings with visual monitoring of the healing process, to colorimetric stickers for contaminated respiratory masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minkyu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Hansol Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Michelle C Krecker
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Daria Bukharina
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Dhriti Nepal
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Timothy J Bunning
- Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Vladimir V Tsukruk
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
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9
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Pan H, Lee TW. Recent Progress in Development of Wearable Pressure Sensors Derived from Biological Materials. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100460. [PMID: 34050624 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes recent progress in the use of biological materials (biomaterials) in wearable pressure sensors. Biomaterials are abundant, sustainable, biocompatible, and biodegradable. Especially, many have sophisticated hierarchical structure and biological characteristics, which are attractive candidates for facile and ecologically-benign fabrication of wearable pressure sensors that are biocompatible, biodegradable, and highly sensitivity. The biomaterials and structures that use them in wearable pressure sensors that exploit sensing mechanisms such as piezoelectric, triboelectric, piezoresistive and capacitive effects are present. Finally, remaining impediments are discussed to use of biomaterials in wearable pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, 610054, P. R China
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials (RIAM), Nano Systems Institute (NSI), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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10
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Duan C, Cheng Z, Wang B, Zeng J, Xu J, Li J, Gao W, Chen K. Chiral Photonic Liquid Crystal Films Derived from Cellulose Nanocrystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007306. [PMID: 34047461 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a nanoscale renewable resource derived from lignocellulosic materials, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have the features of high purity, high crystallinity, high aspect ratio, high Young's modulus, and large specific surface area. The most interesting trait is that they can form the entire films with bright structural colors through the evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) process under certain conditions. Structural color originates from micro-nano structure of CNCs matrixes via the interaction of nanoparticles with light, rather than the absorption and reflection of light from the pigment. CNCs are the new generation of photonic liquid crystal materials of choice due to their simple and convenient preparation processes, environmentally friendly fabrication approaches, and intrinsic chiral nematic structure. Therefore, understanding the forming mechanism of CNCs in nanoarchitectonics is crucial to multiple fields of physics, chemistry, materials science, and engineering application. Herein, a timely summary of the chiral photonic liquid crystal films derived from CNCs is systematically presented. The relationship of CNC, structural color, chiral nematic structure, film performance, and applications of chiral photonic liquid crystal films is discussed. The review article also summarizes the most recent achievements in the field of CNCs-based photonic functional materials along with the faced challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengliang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
| | - Zheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
| | - Jinsong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
| | - Jinpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
| | - Wenhua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
| | - Kefu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, Plant Fiber Research Center, School of Light Industry and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, CN510640, China
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11
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Casado U, Mucci VL, Aranguren MI. Cellulose nanocrystals suspensions: Liquid crystal anisotropy, rheology and films iridescence. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 261:117848. [PMID: 33766344 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The properties of aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and their casted films are revised. The bio-nanoparticles are briefly introduced, including modifications of the crystals and the suspending media. The formation of CNC-derived liquid crystals (LC) and their resulting rheological behavior are presented. The effects of different variables are addressed: CNC aspect ratio, surface chemistry, concentration, time required for the appearance of an anisotropic phase and addition of other components to the suspension media. The changes on the structure induced by alignment, and by conditions of the drying process are also reported. The optical properties of the films are considered, and the effect of the above variables on the final transparency, iridescence and overall optical response of these bio-inspired photonic materials. Control of the reviewed variables is needed to achieve reliable materials in applications such as sensors, smart inks and papers, transparent flexible supports for electronics, decorative coatings and films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises Casado
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y tecnología (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Juan B Justo 4302, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Mucci
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y tecnología (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Juan B Justo 4302, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Mirta I Aranguren
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales (INTEMA), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata (UNMdP) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones en Ciencia y tecnología (CONICET), Facultad de Ingeniería, Av. Juan B Justo 4302, (7600), Mar del Plata, Argentina.
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Yao W, Lan R, Li K, Zhang L. Multiple Anti-Counterfeiting Composite Film Based on Cholesteric Liquid Crystal and QD Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:1424-1430. [PMID: 33398993 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A composite film with multiple anti-counterfeiting features was demonstrated by superposing quantum dots (QDs) polymer matrix (film A) and cholesteric liquid crystal film (film B) together. The first-line and second-line anti-counterfeiting characteristics were successfully implemented by employing thermochromic, angular photochromic, and circularly polarized discoloration of film B, respectively. By initiatively utilizing the different relative positions between the fluorescence emission peak (λem) of film A and the central selective reflection wavelength (λm) of film B at different temperatures, which resulted in changes in the fluorescence spectra or the different presence of latent patterns, the most important third-line anti-counterfeiting feature was successfully achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Functional Polymer Materials of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Polymer Materials of Gansu Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ruochen Lan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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13
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Bai L, Jin Y, Shang X, Jin H, Zhou Y, Shi L. Highly synergistic, electromechanical and mechanochromic dual-sensing ionic skin with multiple monitoring, antibacterial, self-healing, and anti-freezing functions. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ta06798b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A novel electromechanical and mechanochromic dual-sensing ionic skin (DSI-skin) with multiple biological functions is achieved by mimicking biological skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yong Jin
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Shang
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Hongyu Jin
- Department of Liver Surgery & Liver Transplantation, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Yutang Zhou
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liangjie Shi
- National Engineering Research Center of Clean Technology in Leather Industry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Leather Chemistry and Engineering of Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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14
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Peng N, Huang D, Gong C, Wang Y, Zhou J, Chang C. Controlled Arrangement of Nanocellulose in Polymeric Matrix: From Reinforcement to Functionality. ACS NANO 2020; 14:16169-16179. [PMID: 33314921 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose, the most abundant crystalline polysaccharide nanomaterial on Earth, has been widely used for the reinforcement of polymeric materials owing to its high elastic modulus, low density, high aspect ratio, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In this Perspective, we offer a brief overview of recent progress in the controllable arrangement of nanocellulose in polymeric matrices, including highly oriented structure, helical structure, and gradient structure. We then discuss the current nanotechnologies that enable the arrangement of nanocellulose in nanocomposite materials. Finally, we describe future opportunities, challenges, and research directions in this active research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Peng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Da Huang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Chen Gong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Yixiang Wang
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3 V9, Canada
| | - Jinping Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Chunyu Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Natural Polymer-based Medical Materials in Hubei Province, and Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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15
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Tran A, Boott CE, MacLachlan MJ. Understanding the Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals-Toward Chiral Photonic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1905876. [PMID: 32009259 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Over millions of years, animals and plants have evolved complex molecules and structures that endow them with vibrant colors. Among the sources of natural coloration, structural color is prominent in insects, bird feathers, snake skin, plants, and other organisms, where the color arises from the interaction of light with nanoscale features rather than absorption from a pigment. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a biorenewable resource that spontaneously organize into chiral nematic liquid crystals having a hierarchical structure that resembles the Bouligand structure of arthropod shells. The periodic, chiral nematic organization of CNC films leads them to diffract light, making them appear iridescent. Over the past two decades, there have been many advances to develop the photonic properties of CNCs for applications ranging from cosmetics to sensors. Here, the origin of color in CNCs, the control of photonic properties of CNC films, the development of new composite materials of CNCs that can yield flexible photonic structures, and the future challenges in this field are discussed. In particular, recent efforts to make flexible photonic materials using CNCs are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Mail Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Charlotte E Boott
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Mail Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Mail Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Fabrication of environmental humidity-responsive iridescent films with cellulose nanocrystal/polyols. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 240:116281. [PMID: 32475565 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we fabricated flexible and humidity-sensitive composite films employing cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) and polyols, i.e., glycerol (G), xylitol (X) and sorbitol (S). The effects of polyols with different molecular weights on the structure, optical properties, mechanical strength and humidity response of the composite films were investigated. Notably, the CNC-S film exhibited obvious reversible colour changes from light green to red upon a relative humidity (RH) change from 30 % to 95 %. Moreover, it was found that the composite films had a large colour-change range, good reversibility (>10 cycles), and excellent stability (>10 weeks). Overall, the results demonstrated that the CNC-S composite film can be used as a functional material for the preparation of flexible humidity sensors for the detection of environmental humidity changes in agriculture, industry, and other fields.
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Frka-Petesic B, Kelly JA. Retrieving the Coassembly Pathway of Composite Cellulose Nanocrystal Photonic Films from their Angular Optical Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906889. [PMID: 32249481 PMCID: PMC7116217 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are known to self-assemble into a chiral nematic liquid crystalline phase, leading to solid-state nanostructured colored films upon solvent evaporation, even in the presence of templating agents. The angular optical response of these structures, and therefore their visual appearance, are completely determined by the spatial arrangement of the CNCs when the drying suspension undergoes a transition from a flowing and liquid crystalline state to a kinetically arrested state. Here, it is demonstrated how the angular response of the final film allows for retrieval of key physical properties and the chemical composition of the suspension at the onset of the kinetic arrest, thus capturing a snapshot of the past. To illustrate this methodology, a dynamically evolving sol-gel coassembly process is investigated by adding various amounts of organosilica precursor, namely, 1,2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane. The influence of organosilica condensation on the kinetic arrest can be tracked and thus explains the angular response of the resulting films. The a posteriori and in situ approach is general; it can be applied to a variety of additives in CNC-based films and it allows access to key rheological information of the suspension without using any dedicated rheological technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Joel A. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z1
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Zhu Q, Liu S, Sun J, Liu J, Kirubaharan CJ, Chen H, Xu W, Wang Q. Stimuli-responsive cellulose nanomaterials for smart applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 235:115933. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhao G, Zhang Y, Zhai S, Sugiyama J, Pan M, Shi J, Lu H. Dual Response of Photonic Films with Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystals: Humidity and Formaldehyde. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:17833-17844. [PMID: 32212631 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating functional stimuli-responsive materials has been a hot topic in the research of smart sensors and anticounterfeiting encryption. Here, a novel functional chiral nematic cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film showing dual responsiveness to humidity and formaldehyde gas was fabricated. The chiral nematic CNC iridescent film could respond to environmental humidity and formaldehyde gas changes by reversible motion. Interestingly, the humidity sensitivity of the CNC iridescent film could be gated by exposing the film to formaldehyde gas. At the same time, the formaldehyde-responsive behavior is strongly affected by the relative humidity (RH), and the response range could be tuned by changing the RH over a wide range. Importantly, the formaldehyde-induced color change could be altered from invisible to visible by the naked eye when the film was exposed to a humid environment. The mechanism of this dual response of the CNC iridescent film is ascribed to the synergistic effect of cooperation and competition between water and formaldehyde molecules by constructing physical cross-linking networks by hydrogen bonds among water, formaldehyde, and CNCs. Furthermore, the "RH-concentration of formaldehyde gas-color" ternary colorimetric system was simulated, which is thought to endow the CNC iridescent film with great potential to act as a sensor in the convenient visible detection of gaseous formaldehyde. Furthermore, this work provided a promising strategy to design multi-gas-sensitive devices with convenient detection, good stability, and excellent reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomin Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Bureau for Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yin Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Shengcheng Zhai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Junji Sugiyama
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji 611-0011, Japan
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry & Grassland Bureau for Plant Fiber Functional Materials, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jingbo Shi
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongyi Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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20
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Huang Y, Chen G, Liang Q, Yang Z, Shen H. Multifunctional cellulose nanocrystal structural colored film with good flexibility and water-resistance. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:819-825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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From Equilibrium Liquid Crystal Formation and Kinetic Arrest to Photonic Bandgap Films Using Suspensions of Cellulose Nanocrystals. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10030199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystal phase developed by suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) has come increasingly into focus from numerous directions over the last few years. In part, this is because CNC suspensions are sustainably produced aqueous suspensions of a fully bio-derived nanomaterial with attractive properties. Equally important is the interesting and useful behavior exhibited by solid CNC films, created by drying a cholesteric-forming suspension. However, the pathway along which these films are realized, starting from a CNC suspension that may have low enough concentration to be fully isotropic, is more complex than often appreciated, leading to reproducibility problems and confusion. Addressing a broad audience of physicists, chemists, materials scientists and engineers, this Review focuses primarily on the physics and physical chemistry of CNC suspensions and the process of drying them. The ambition is to explain rather than to repeat, hence we spend more time than usual on the meanings and relevance of the key colloid and liquid crystal science concepts that must be mastered in order to understand the behavior of CNC suspensions, and we present some interesting analyses, arguments and data for the first time. We go through the development of cholesteric nuclei (tactoids) from the isotropic phase and their potential impact on the final dry films; the spontaneous CNC fractionation that takes place in the phase coexistence window; the kinetic arrest that sets in when the CNC mass fraction reaches ∼10 wt.%, preserving the cholesteric helical order until the film has dried; the ’coffee-ring effect’ active prior to kinetic arrest, often ruining the uniformity in the produced films; and the compression of the helix during the final water evaporation, giving rise to visible structural color in the films.
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22
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Sui Y, Li X, Chang W, Wan H, Li W, Yang F, Yu ZZ. Multi-responsive nanocomposite membranes of cellulose nanocrystals and poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) with tunable chiral nematic structures. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 232:115778. [PMID: 31952587 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
By imitating the unique structure of nature creatures, photonic membranes with periodic chiral helical structure can be assembled by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). It is still an issue to fabricate CNC photonic structures tunable in the entire visible spectrum with multiple stimuli-response capacities. Herein, a multi-responsive nanocomposite photonic membrane is fabricated by co-assembly of poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) (PNIPAM) grafted CNCs with waterborne polyurethane (WPU) latex on the basis of the chiral nematic structure of CNCs, the thermo-responsibility of PNIPAM, and the flexibility of WPU. The flexible photonic membranes with uniform structural colors from blue to red are obtained by tuning the PNIPAM content. The membrane exhibits reversible responses to solvents, and iridescence changes in response to relative humidity with excellent repeatability. Interestingly, the membrane can be transparent or opaque depending on the ambient temperature. The photonic membranes are appealing in applications as humidity sensor, camouflage materials, and even smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Wei Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hao Wan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst 01003, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhong-Zhen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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23
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Mu R, Hong X, Ni Y, Li Y, Pang J, Wang Q, Xiao J, Zheng Y. Recent trends and applications of cellulose nanocrystals in food industry. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Sun C, Zhu D, Jia H, Lei K, Zheng Z, Wang X. Humidity and Heat Dual Response Cellulose Nanocrystals/Poly( N-Isopropylacrylamide) Composite Films with Cyclic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:39192-39200. [PMID: 31564097 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has been widely reported that cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) demonstrate a special structural color, which stems from chiral nematic domains. Herein, the humidity and heat dual response nanocomposite films with multilayered helical structure were prepared by self-assembling of CNCs and hydrazone groups modified poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) copolymers. Furthermore, glutaraldehyde was involved to act as a chemical linker to improve cyclic stability by forming acylhydrazone bonds. The structural color of the films could be easily regulated by humidity, heat, or the content of modified PNIPAM copolymers. The absorption of water in higher humidity led to volume expansion of the resin, resulting in a red shift for up to 145 nm. In contrast, the resin shrank under the temperature above the lower critical solution temperature of PNIPAM, leading to a blue shift for up to 87 nm. It was notable that the change of color can be easily captured by the naked eyes. Moreover, the films exhibited excellent stability and cyclicity in response to either vapor or liquid water due to the chemical linking between CNCs and resins. The as-prepared CNCs/PNIPAM nanocomposite films with humidity or heat responsibilities are promising in stimuli-responsive sensors, printing industry, surface decorations, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road No. 800 , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Dandan Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road No. 800 , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road No. 800 , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Kun Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road No. 800 , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Zhen Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road No. 800 , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Xinling Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Dongchuan Road No. 800 , Shanghai 200240 , China
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25
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Kose O, Boott CE, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Stimuli-Responsive Anisotropic Materials Based on Unidirectional Organization of Cellulose Nanocrystals in an Elastomer. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Kose
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Charlotte E. Boott
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wadood Y. Hamad
- FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark J. MacLachlan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, University of British Columbia, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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26
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Cao Y, Lewis L, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Pressure-Responsive Hierarchical Chiral Photonic Aerogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808186. [PMID: 30957931 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pressure-responsive chiral photonic aerogels are fabricated by combining liquid crystal self-assembly and ice-templating processes. The aerogels have a hierarchical structure in which the primary 2D chiral nematic structured walls of cellulose nanocrystals form ribbons that support a secondary 3D cellular network. Owing to the flexibility of the aerogels in solvent, the 3D structure of the aerogel can easily be transformed to a 2D structure by pressure-induced rearrangement. The aerogels vary from white in color, which arises from light scattering, to a reflective photonic crystal displaying bright iridescent colors that depend on the immersed solvent. A solvent-sensitive ink that shows quick color response to different solvents is designed using the pressure-responsive photonic aerogel. This material demonstrates a new response mechanism for the design of smart and mechanoresponsive photonic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Cao
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lev Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Wadood Y Hamad
- FPInnovations, 2665 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mark J MacLachlan
- Stewart Blusson Quantum Matter Institute, 2355 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Canada
- WPI Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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27
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He J, Li N, Bian K, Piao G. Optically active polyaniline film based on cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 208:398-403. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Kontturi E, Laaksonen P, Linder MB, Gröschel AH, Rojas OJ, Ikkala O. Advanced Materials through Assembly of Nanocelluloses. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1703779. [PMID: 29504161 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There is an emerging quest for lightweight materials with excellent mechanical properties and economic production, while still being sustainable and functionalizable. They could form the basis of the future bioeconomy for energy and material efficiency. Cellulose has long been recognized as an abundant polymer. Modified celluloses were, in fact, among the first polymers used in technical applications; however, they were later replaced by petroleum-based synthetic polymers. Currently, there is a resurgence of interest to utilize renewable resources, where cellulose is foreseen to make again a major impact, this time in the development of advanced materials. This is because of its availability and properties, as well as economic and sustainable production. Among cellulose-based structures, cellulose nanofibrils and nanocrystals display nanoscale lateral dimensions and lengths ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Their excellent mechanical properties are, in part, due to their crystalline assembly via hydrogen bonds. Owing to their abundant surface hydroxyl groups, they can be easily modified with nanoparticles, (bio)polymers, inorganics, or nanocarbons to form functional fibers, films, bulk matter, and porous aerogels and foams. Here, some of the recent progress in the development of advanced materials within this rapidly growing field is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eero Kontturi
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Päivi Laaksonen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Markus B Linder
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - André H Gröschel
- Physical Chemistry and Centre for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, DE-45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Orlando J Rojas
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Center of Excellence Molecular Engineering of Biosynthetic Hybrid Materials Research, Aalto University and VTT, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Espoo, FI-00076, Finland
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29
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Korolovych VF, Cherpak V, Nepal D, Ng A, Shaikh NR, Grant A, Xiong R, Bunning TJ, Tsukruk VV. Cellulose nanocrystals with different morphologies and chiral properties. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Parker RM, Guidetti G, Williams CA, Zhao T, Narkevicius A, Vignolini S, Frka-Petesic B. The Self-Assembly of Cellulose Nanocrystals: Hierarchical Design of Visual Appearance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1704477. [PMID: 29250832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the interaction of biological building blocks at the nanoscale, natural photonic nanostructures have been optimized to produce intense coloration. Inspired by such biological nanostructures, the possibility to design the visual appearance of a material by guiding the hierarchical self-assembly of its constituent components, ideally using natural materials, is an attractive route for rationally designed, sustainable manufacturing. Within the large variety of biological building blocks, cellulose nanocrystals are one of the most promising biosourced materials, primarily for their abundance, biocompatibility, and ability to readily organize into photonic structures. Here, the mechanisms underlying the formation of iridescent, vividly colored materials from colloidal liquid crystal suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals are reviewed and recent advances in structural control over the hierarchical assembly process are reported as a toolbox for the design of sophisticated optical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Parker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Giulia Guidetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Cyan A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tianheng Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Silvia Vignolini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Bruno Frka-Petesic
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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31
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Wan H, Li X, Zhang L, Li X, Liu P, Jiang Z, Yu ZZ. Rapidly Responsive and Flexible Chiral Nematic Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites as Multifunctional Rewritable Photonic Papers with Eco-Friendly Inks. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5918-5925. [PMID: 29363303 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly responsive and flexible photonic papers are manufactured by coassembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and waterborne polyurethane (WPU) latex for fully taking advantage of the chiral nematic structure of CNCs and the flexibility of WPU elastomer. The resulting CNC/WPU composite papers exhibit not only tunable iridescent colors by adjusting the helical pitch size, but also instant optical responses to water and wet gas, ascribed to the easy chain movement of the elastomeric WPU that does not restrict the fast water absorption-induced swelling of CNCs. By choosing water or NaCl aqueous solutions as inks, the colorful patterns on the CNC/WPU photonic paper can be made temporary, durable, or even disguisable. In addition, the photonic paper is simultaneously rewritable for all these three types of patterns, and the disguisable patterns, which are invisible at normal times and show up under stimuli, exhibit a quick reveal conversion just by exhaling on the paper. The rewritability, rapid responsibility, easy fabrication, and the eco-friendly nature of the inks make the flexible photonic paper/ink combination highly promising in sensors, displays, and photonic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Liang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083, China
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He YD, Zhang ZL, Xue J, Wang XH, Song F, Wang XL, Zhu LL, Wang YZ. Biomimetic Optical Cellulose Nanocrystal Films with Controllable Iridescent Color and Environmental Stimuli-Responsive Chromism. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:5805-5811. [PMID: 29361212 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b18440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
As a wise and profound teacher, nature provides numerous creatures with rich colors to us. To biomimic structural colors in nature as well as color changes responsive to environmental stimuli, there is a long way to go for the development of free-standing photonic films from natural polymers. Herein, a highly flexible, controllably iridescent, and multistimuli-responsive cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) film is prepared by simply introducing a small molecule as both plasticizer and hygroscopic agent. The presence of the additive does not block the self-assembly of CNC in aqueous solution but results in the enhancement of its mechanical toughness, making it possible to obtain free-standing iridescent CNC films with tunable structural colors. In response to environmental humidity and mechanical compression, such films can change structural colors smoothly by modulating their chiral nematic structures. Notably, the chromism is reversible by alternately changing relative humidity between 16 and 98%, mimicking the longhorn beetle Tmesisternus isabellae. This chromic effect enables various applications of the biofilms in colorimetric sensors, anticounterfeiting technology, and decorative coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Dong He
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ze-Lian Zhang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Juan Xue
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Song
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang 510000, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials (ERCPM-MoE), College of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), Sichuan University , 29 Wangjiang Road, Chengdu 610064, China
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Natarajan B, Gilman JW. Bioinspired Bouligand cellulose nanocrystal composites: a review of mechanical properties. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170050. [PMID: 29277746 PMCID: PMC5746561 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The twisted plywood, or Bouligand, structure is the most commonly observed microstructural motif in natural materials that possess high mechanical strength and toughness, such as that found in bone and the mantis shrimp dactyl club. These materials are isotropically toughened by a low volume fraction of soft, energy-dissipating polymer and by the Bouligand structure itself, through shear wave filtering and crack twisting, deflection and arrest. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are excellent candidates for the bottom-up fabrication of these structures, as they naturally self-assemble into 'chiral nematic' films when cast from solutions and possess outstanding mechanical properties. In this article, we present a review of the fabrication techniques and the corresponding mechanical properties of Bouligand biomimetic CNC nanocomposites, while drawing comparison to the performance standards set by tough natural composite materials.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'New horizons for cellulose nanotechnology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Natarajan
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
- Department of Physics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Gilman
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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Dai S, Prempeh N, Liu D, Fan Y, Gu M, Chang Y. Cholesteric film of Cu(II)-doped cellulose nanocrystals for colorimetric sensing of ammonia gas. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:531-539. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lu T, Pan H, Ma J, Li Y, Bokhari SW, Jiang X, Zhu S, Zhang D. Cellulose Nanocrystals/Polyacrylamide Composites of High Sensitivity and Cycling Performance To Gauge Humidity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:18231-18237. [PMID: 28489948 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b04590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have attracted much interest due to their unique optical property, rich resource, environment friendliness, and templating potentials. CNCs have been reported as novel photonic humidity sensors, which are unfortunately limited by the dissolution and unideal moisture absorption of CNCs. We, in this study, developed a high-performance photonic humidity composite sensor that consisted of CNCs and polyacrylamide; chemical bonding was induced between the two components by using glutaraldehyde as a bridging agent. The composites inherited the chiral nematic structure of CNCs and maintained it well through a cycling test. A distinct color change was observed for these composites used as a humidity indicator; the change was caused by polyacrylamide swelling with water and thus enlarging the helical pitch of the chiral nematic structure. The composites showed no degradation of the sensing performance through cycling. The excellent cycling stability was attributed to the bonding between polyacrylamide and CNCs. This composite strategy can extend to the development of other photonic indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Advanced Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering, University of South Australia , Adelaide, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - Yao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Syeda Wishal Bokhari
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Shenmin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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Meseck GR, Terpstra AS, MacLachlan MJ. Liquid crystal templating of nanomaterials with nature's toolbox. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Gu M, Jiang C, Liu D, Prempeh N, Smalyukh II. Cellulose Nanocrystal/Poly(ethylene glycol) Composite as an Iridescent Coating on Polymer Substrates: Structure-Color and Interface Adhesion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:32565-32573. [PMID: 27933844 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The broad utility as an environmentally friendly and colorful coating of cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) was limited by its instability of coloration, brittleness, and lack of adhesion to a hydrophobic surface. In the present work, a neutral polymer, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was introduced into CNC coatings through evaporation-induced self-assembly (EISA) on polymer matrices. The structure-color and mechanical properties of the composite coating or coating film were characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, polarized light microscopy (PLM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WXRD), and tensile tests. Results showed that the reflective wavelength of the iridescent CNCs could be finely tuned by incorporation of PEG with varied loadings from 2.5 to 50 wt %, although the high loading content of PEG would produce some side effects because of the severe microphase separation. Second, PEG played an effective plasticizer to improve the ductility or flexibility of the CNC coating or coating film. Furthermore, as a compatibilizer, PEG could effectively and tremendously enhance the adhesion strength between CNCs and neutral polymer matrices without destroying the chiral nematic mesophases of CNCs. Environmentally friendly CNC/PEG composites with tunable iridescence, good flexibility, and high bonding strength to hydrophobic polymer matrices are expected to be promising candidates in the modern green paint industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Gu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Chenyu Jiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Dagang Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nana Prempeh
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology , Nanjing 210044, P. R. China
| | - Ivan I Smalyukh
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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Moirangthem M, Stumpel JE, Alp B, Teunissen P, Bastiaansen CWM, Schenning APHJ. Hot pen and laser writable photonic polymer films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2209065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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Wang B, Walther A. Self-Assembled, Iridescent, Crustacean-Mimetic Nanocomposites with Tailored Periodicity and Layered Cuticular Structure. ACS NANO 2015; 9:10637-46. [PMID: 26372330 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b05074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Natural high-performance materials inspire the pursuit of ordered hard/soft nanocomposite structures at high fractions of reinforcements and with balanced molecular interactions. Herein, we develop a facile, waterborne self-assembly pathway to mimic the multiscale cuticle structure of the crustacean armor by combining hard reinforcing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with soft poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA). We show iridescent CNC nanocomposites with cholesteric liquid-crystal structure, in which different helical pitches and photonic band gaps can be realized by varying the CNC/PVA ratio. We further show that multilayered crustacean-mimetic materials with tailored periodicity and layered cuticular structure can be obtained by sequential preparation pathways. The transition from a cholesteric to a disordered structure occurs for a critical polymer concentration. Correspondingly, we find a transition from stiff and strong mechanical behavior to materials with increasing ductility. Crack propagation studies using scanning electron microscopy visualize the different crack growth and toughening mechanisms inside cholesteric nanocomposites as a function of the interstitial polymer content for the first time. Different extents of crack deflection, layered delamination, ligament bridging, and constrained microcracking can be observed. Drawing of highly plasticized films sheds light on the mechanistic details of the transition from a cholesteric/chiral nematic to a nematic structure. The study demonstrates how self-assembly of biobased CNCs in combination with suitable polymers can be used to replicate a hierarchical biological structure and how future design of these ordered multifunctional nanocomposites can be optimized by understanding mechanistic details of deformation and fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochun Wang
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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40
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Schlesinger M, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Optically tunable chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose films. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:4686-94. [PMID: 25972020 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm00745c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Demand for sustainable functional materials has never been larger. The introduction of functionality into pure cellulose might be one step forward in this field as it is one of the most abundant natural biopolymers. In this paper, we demonstrate a straightforward and scalable way to produce iridescent, mesoporous cellulose membranes with tunable colors and porosity. Concomitant assembly of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and condensation of silica precursors results in CNC-silica composites with chiral nematic structures and tunable optical properties. Removal of the stabilizing silica matrix by alkaline or acid treatment gives access to novel chiral nematic mesoporous cellulose (CNMC) films. Importantly, the optical properties and the mesoporosity can be controlled by either varying the silica-to-CNC ratio, or by varying the substrate used during the evaporation-induced self-assembly process. In order to introduce additional functionality, CNMC has been used to stabilize gold nanoparticles with three different concentrations by wet impregnation. These materials are stable in water and can potentially function in sensors, tissue engineering or functional membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maik Schlesinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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41
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Wang B, Torres-Rendon JG, Yu J, Zhang Y, Walther A. Aligned bioinspired cellulose nanocrystal-based nanocomposites with synergetic mechanical properties and improved hygromechanical performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:4595-4607. [PMID: 25646801 DOI: 10.1021/am507726t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Natural high-performance materials inspire the pursuit of ordered hard/soft nanocomposite structures at high fractions of reinforcements and with balanced supramolecular interactions. Such biomimetic design principles remain difficult to realize for bulk nanocomposites. Herein, we establish an effective drawing procedure that induces a high orientation of crystalline cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) in a matrix of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) at high level of reinforcements (50 vol %). We show such alignment in rather thick bulk films and report synergetic improvement with a simultaneous increase of stiffness, strength, and work-to-fracture as a function of the degree of alignment. Scanning electron microscopy and two-dimensional X-ray diffraction quantify the alignment of the cylindrical nanoparticles and link it to the extent of drawing and improvements in mechanical properties. We further show that the decline in mechanical properties of such waterborne all biobased nanocomposites at high relative humidity can be balanced using supramolecular modulation of the ionic interactions by exchanging the monovalent Na(+) counterion, present in CMC and CNC with di- or trivalent Cu(2+) and Fe(3+). This contribution demonstrates the importance of aligning one-dimensional reinforcements to achieve synergetic improvement in mechanical properties in sustainable bioinspired nanocomposites and suggests pathways to prepare water-stable materials based on a waterborne processing route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baochun Wang
- DWI-Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University , Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Khan MK, Bsoul A, Walus K, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Photonic patterns printed in chiral nematic mesoporous resins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:4304-8. [PMID: 25682748 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Chiral nematic mesoporous phenol-formaldehyde resins, which were prepared using cellulose nanocrystals as a template, can be used as a substrate to produce latent photonic images. These resins undergo swelling, which changes their reflected color. By writing on the films with chemical inks, the density of methylol groups in the resin changes, subsequently affecting their degree of swelling and, consequently, their color. Writing on the films gives latent images that are revealed only upon swelling of the films. Using inkjet printing, it is possible to make higher resolution photonic patterns both as text and images that can be visualized by swelling and erased by drying. This novel approach to printing photonic patterns in resin films may be applied to anti-counterfeit tags, signage, and decorative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa K Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) http://www.chem.ubc.ca/mark-maclachlan
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Khan MK, Bsoul A, Walus K, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Photonic Patterns Printed in Chiral Nematic Mesoporous Resins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Nishio Y, Sato J, Sugimura K. Liquid Crystals of Cellulosics: Fascinating Ordered Structures for the Design of Functional Material Systems. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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45
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Hamad WY. Photonic and Semiconductor Materials Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Giese M, Blusch LK, Khan MK, MacLachlan MJ. Functional Materials from Cellulose-Derived Liquid-Crystal Templates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:2888-910. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201407141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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47
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Giese M, Blusch LK, Khan MK, MacLachlan MJ. Funktionsmaterialien mit Cellulose-basierten Flüssigkristall-Templaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201407141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Giese M, Blusch LK, Khan MK, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Responsive mesoporous photonic cellulose films by supramolecular cotemplating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:8880-4. [PMID: 24981200 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose-based materials have been and continue to be exceptionally important for humankind. Considering the bioavailability and societal relevance of cellulose, turning this renewable resource into an active material is a vital step towards sustainability. Herein we report a new form of cellulose-derived material that combines tunable photonic properties with a unique mesoporous structure resulting from a new supramolecular cotemplating method. A composite of cellulose nanocrystals and a urea-formaldehyde resin organizes into a chiral nematic assembly, which yields a chiral nematic mesoporous continuum of desulfated cellulose nanocrystals after alkaline treatment. The mesoporous photonic cellulose (MPC) films undergo rapid and reversible changes in color upon swelling, and can be used for pressure sensing. These new active mesoporous cellulosic materials have potential applications in biosensing, optics, functional membranes, chiral separation, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Giese
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1 (Canada) http://www.chem.ubc.ca/mark-maclachlan
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Giese M, Blusch LK, Khan MK, Hamad WY, MacLachlan MJ. Responsive Mesoporous Photonic Cellulose Films by Supramolecular Cotemplating. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Khan MK, Hamad WY, Maclachlan MJ. Tunable mesoporous bilayer photonic resins with chiral nematic structures and actuator properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:2323-8. [PMID: 24446312 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201304966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chiral nematic structures with different helical pitch from layer to layer are embedded into phenol-formaldehyde bilayer resin composite films using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as templates. Selective removal of CNCs results in mesoporous resins with different pore size and helical pitch between the layers. Consequently, these materials exhibit photonic properties by selectively reflecting lights of two different wavelengths and concomitant actuation properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostofa K Khan
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z1, Canada
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