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Knorr ES, Basquill CT, Bertini IA, Arcidiacono A, Beery D, Wheeler JP, Winfred JSRV, Strouse GF, Hanson K. Influence of Al 2O 3 Overlayers on Intermolecular Interactions between Metal Oxide Bound Molecules. Molecules 2023; 28:4835. [PMID: 37375390 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intermolecular interactions on inorganic substrates can have a critical impact on the electrochemical and photophysical properties of the materials and subsequent performance in hybrid electronics. Critical to the intentional formation or inhibition of these processes is controlling interactions between molecules on a surface. In this report, we investigated the impact of surface loading and atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 overlayers on the intermolecular interactions of a ZrO2-bound anthracene derivative as probed by the photophysical properties of the interface. While surface loading density had no impact on the absorption spectra of the films, there was an increase in excimer features with surface loading as observed by both emission and transient absorption. The addition of ALD overlayers of Al2O3 resulted in a decrease in excimer formation, but the emission and transient absorption spectra were still dominated by excimer features. These results suggest that ALD may provide a post-surface loading means of influencing such intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Knorr
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Cody T Basquill
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Isabella A Bertini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Ashley Arcidiacono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Drake Beery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Jonathan P Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - J S Raaj Vellore Winfred
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Geoffrey F Strouse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-4390, USA
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Solomon G, Landström A, Rotta Loria S, Bolli E, Mezzetti A, Facibeni A, Cattarin S, Mezzi A, Protti S, Kaciulis S, Zavelani-Rossi M, Concina I. Tunable physics through coordination chemistry: formation on oxide surface of Ti and Al chelates with 3-hydroxyflavone capable of electron injection and light emission. Dalton Trans 2022; 51:18489-18501. [PMID: 36421057 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt02195a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The optoelectronic features of 3-hydroxyflavone (3HF) self-assembled on the surface of an n-type semiconducting metal oxide (TiO2) and an insulator (Al2O3) are herein investigated. 3HF molecules use the coordinatively unsaturated metal ions present on the oxide surface to form metal complexes, which exhibit different behaviors upon light irradiation, depending on the nature of the metal ion. Specifically, we show that the photoluminescence of the surface species can be modulated according to the chemical properties of the complex (i.e. the binding metal ion), resulting in solid-state emitters in a high quantum yield (about 15%). Furthermore, photoinduced charge injection can be promoted or inhibited, providing a multifunctional hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Solomon
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Anton Landström
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Silvia Rotta Loria
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bolli
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Alberto Mezzetti
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface (LRS), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 4 Place Jussieu, Paris 75005, France
| | - Anna Facibeni
- Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.,IFN-CNR, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sandro Cattarin
- Istituto di Chimica della Materia Condensata e di Tecnologie per l'Energia, ICMATE-CNR, C.so Stati Uniti 4, 35127, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessio Mezzi
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Protti
- Photogreen Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 10, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Saulius Kaciulis
- Institute for the Study of Nanostructured Materials, ISMN-CNR, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Roma, Italy
| | - Margherita Zavelani-Rossi
- Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, via G. Ponzio 34/3, 20133 Milano, Italy.,IFN-CNR, piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Isabella Concina
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, 97187 Luleå, Sweden.
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Kobayashi A, Takizawa SY, Hirahara M. Photofunctional molecular assembly for artificial photosynthesis: Beyond a simple dye sensitization strategy. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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4
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Wang D, Xu Z, Sheridan MV, Concepcion JJ, Li F, Lian T, Meyer TJ. Photodriven water oxidation initiated by a surface bound chromophore-donor-catalyst assembly. Chem Sci 2021; 12:14441-14450. [PMID: 34880995 PMCID: PMC8580115 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03896f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In photosynthesis, solar energy is used to produce solar fuels in the form of new chemical bonds. A critical step to mimic photosystem II (PS II), a key protein in nature's photosynthesis, for artificial photosynthesis is designing devices for efficient light-driven water oxidation. Here, we describe a single molecular assembly electrode that duplicates the key components of PSII. It consists of a polypyridyl light absorber, chemically linked to an intermediate electron donor, with a molecular-based water oxidation catalyst on a SnO2/TiO2 core/shell electrode. The synthetic device mimics PSII in achieving sustained, light-driven water oxidation catalysis. It highlights the value of the tyrosine–histidine pair in PSII in achieving efficient water oxidation catalysis in artificial photosynthetic devices. We describe a single molecular assembly electrode that mimics PSII. Flash photolysis revealed the electron transfer steps between chromophore light absorption and the creation and storage of redox equivalents in the catalyst for water oxidation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Engineering Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials, Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China .,Qianwan Institute of CNiTECH Zhongchuangyi Road, Hangzhou Bay District Ningbo Zhejiang 315336 China.,Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | - Zihao Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
| | | | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116024 China
| | - Tianquan Lian
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC 27599 USA
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5
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Giannoudis E, Bold S, Müller C, Schwab A, Bruhnke J, Queyriaux N, Gablin C, Leonard D, Saint-Pierre C, Gasparutto D, Aldakov D, Kupfer S, Artero V, Dietzek B, Chavarot-Kerlidou M. Hydrogen Production at a NiO Photocathode Based on a Ruthenium Dye-Cobalt Diimine Dioxime Catalyst Assembly: Insights from Advanced Spectroscopy and Post-operando Characterization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:49802-49815. [PMID: 34637266 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The production of hydrogen by efficient, low-cost, and integrated photoelectrochemical water splitting processes represents an important target for the ecological transition. This challenge can be addressed thanks to bioinspired chemistry and artificial photosynthesis approaches by designing dye-sensitized photocathodes for hydrogen production, incorporating bioinspired first-row transition metal-based catalysts. The present work describes the preparation and photoelectrochemical characterization of a NiO photocathode sensitized with a phosphonate-derivatized ruthenium tris-diimine photosensitizer covalently linked to a cobalt diimine dioxime hydrogen-evolving catalyst. Under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation, hydrogen is produced with photocurrent densities reaching 84 ± 7 μA·cm-2, which is among the highest values reported so far for dye-sensitized photocathodes with surface-immobilized catalysts. Thanks to the unique combination of advanced spectroscopy and surface characterization techniques, the fast desorption of the dyad from the NiO electrode and the low yield of electron transfer to the catalyst, resulting in the Co demetallation from the diimine dioxime framework, were identified as the main barriers limiting the performances and the stability of the system. This work therefore paves the way for a more rational design of molecular photocathodes for solar fuel production and represents a further step toward the development of sustainable processes for the production of hydrogen from sunlight and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouil Giannoudis
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sebastian Bold
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carolin Müller
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Schwab
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jakob Bruhnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Nicolas Queyriaux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Gablin
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Didier Leonard
- Univ Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Didier Gasparutto
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Dmitry Aldakov
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA IRIG, SyMMES, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Stephan Kupfer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Vincent Artero
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin Dietzek
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Department Functional Interfaces, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Jena (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, IRIG, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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6
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Loiudice A, Segura Lecina O, Bornet A, Luther JM, Buonsanti R. Ligand Locking on Quantum Dot Surfaces via a Mild Reactive Surface Treatment. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:13418-13427. [PMID: 34375098 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c06777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
At the outermost surface of colloidal QDs are organic surface ligands which dynamically bind and release in solution to control the growth kinetics, control the size/shape of the crystals, passivate surface states, and provide colloidal stability through favorable interactions with the solvent. However, the dynamicity comes at the expense of the stability of the QD suspension. Here, we show that ligands can be permanently locked on the QD surface by a thin layer of an inert metal oxide which forms within the ligand shell, over the headgroup. By interrogating the surface chemistry with different spectroscopic methods, we prove the ligand locking on the QD surface. As a result, an exceptional stability of the coated QD inks is achieved in a wide concentration range, even in the presence of chemically competing surface ligands in solution. We anticipate that this critical breakthrough will benefit different areas related to colloidal QDs, spanning from single-particle studies to displays and solar cells and biological applications. Furthermore, the same chemistry could be easily translated to surface treatments of bulk materials and thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Loiudice
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Ona Segura Lecina
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bornet
- Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Raffaella Buonsanti
- Laboratory of Nanochemistry for Energy Research, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Ecole Politechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sion CH-1950, Switzerland
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7
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Dye-sensitized photoanode decorated with pyridine additives for efficient solar water oxidation. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63683-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Wang D, Huang Q, Shi W, You W, Meyer TJ. Application of Atomic Layer Deposition in Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. TRENDS IN CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trechm.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Materna K, Beiler AM, Thapper A, Ott S, Tian H, Hammarström L. Understanding the Performance of NiO Photocathodes with Alkyl-Derivatized Cobalt Catalysts and a Push-Pull Dye. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31372-31381. [PMID: 32538612 PMCID: PMC7467559 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesoporous NiO photocathodes containing the push-pull dye PB6 and alkyl-derivatized cobaloxime catalysts were prepared using surface amide couplings and analyzed for photocatalytic proton reduction catalysis. The length of the alkyl linker used to derivatize the cobalt catalysts was found to correlate to the photocurrent with the highest photocurrent observed using shorter alkyl linkers but the lowest one for samples without linker. The alkyl linkers were also helpful in slowing dye-NiO charge recombination. Photoelectrochemical measurements and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic measurements suggested electron transfer to the surface-immobilized catalysts occurred; however, H2 evolution was not observed. Based on UV-vis, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements, the cobalt catalyst appeared to be limiting the photocathode performance mainly via cobalt demetallation from the oxime ligand. This study highlights the need for a deeper understanding of the effect of catalyst molecular design on photocathode performance.
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10
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Bobo MV, Paul A, Robb AJ, Arcidiacono AM, Smith MD, Hanson K, Vannucci AK. Bis-Cyclometalated Iridium Complexes Containing 4,4′-Bis(phosphonomethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine Ligands: Photophysics, Electrochemistry, and High-Voltage Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6351-6358. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Victoria Bobo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Avishek Paul
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Alex J. Robb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Ashley M. Arcidiacono
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Mark D. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Aaron K. Vannucci
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
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11
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Müller AV, de Oliveira KT, Meyer GJ, Polo AS. Inhibiting Charge Recombination in cis-Ru(NCS) 2 Diimine Sensitizers with Aromatic Substituents. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:43223-43234. [PMID: 31647635 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A series of cis-[Ru(LL)(dcbH2)(NCS)2] compounds, where dcbH2 = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid and LL = 1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(phen)), 4,7-dipyrrole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(pyr)), 4,7-diindole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(ind)), or 4,7-dicarbazole-1,10-phenanthroline (Ru(cbz)), was investigated for application as sensitizers in mesoporous TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). A systematic increase in the number of rings of the aromatic substituents at the 4,7-positions of the 1,10-phenanthroline allowed tuning of the molecular size of the sensitizers and the energy stored in the excited state while maintaining the same ground-state Ru3+/2+ reduction potentials. These small structural changes had a significant influence on the rates and/or efficiencies of electron injection, back-electron transfer, recombination to oxidized mediators, lateral self-exchange electron transfer, and regeneration through iodide oxidation that were reflected in distinct photoelectrochemical performance of full operating DSSCs. The global efficiencies, open-circuit voltages, and short-circuit current densities of the DSSCs consistently followed the trend Ru(pyr) < Ru(ind) < Ru(phen) < Ru(cbz), and the most optimal performance of Ru(cbz) was ascribed to dramatically slower recombination to the oxidized redox mediators. Transient photovoltage and transient absorption experiments both revealed significantly slower recombination as the size of the aromatic substituents increased with Ru(cbz) providing the most promising behavior for application in dye sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa V Müller
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av. dos Estados, 5001 , 09210-580 Santo André , São Paulo , Brazil
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Kleber T de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química , Universidade Federal de São Carlos-UFSCar , Rodovia Washington Luı́s, km 235 , 13565-905 São Carlos , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - André S Polo
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas , Universidade Federal do ABC-UFABC , Av. dos Estados, 5001 , 09210-580 Santo André , São Paulo , Brazil
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12
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Bairagya MD, Bujol RJ, Elgrishi N. Fighting Deactivation: Classical and Emerging Strategies for Efficient Stabilization of Molecular Electrocatalysts. Chemistry 2019; 26:3991-4000. [PMID: 31710129 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201904499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Development of highly active molecular electrocatalysts for fuel-forming reactions has relied heavily on understanding mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical transformations. Careful fine-tuning of the ligand environment oriented mechanistic pathways towards higher activity and optimal product distribution for several catalysts. Unfortunately, many catalysts deactivate in bulk electrolysis conditions, diminishing the impact of the plethora of highly tuned molecular electrocatalytic systems. This Minireview covers classical and emerging methods developed to circumvent catalyst deactivation and degradation, with an emphasis on successes with molecular electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Das Bairagya
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ryan J Bujol
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Noémie Elgrishi
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, 232 Choppin Hall, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
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13
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A stable dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell mediated by a NiO overlayer for water oxidation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 117:12564-12571. [PMID: 31488721 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821687116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In the development of photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting or CO2 reduction, a major challenge is O2 evolution at photoelectrodes that, in behavior, mimic photosystem II. At an appropriate semiconductor electrode, a water oxidation catalyst must be integrated with a visible light absorber in a stable half-cell configuration. Here, we describe an electrode consisting of a light absorber, an intermediate electron donor layer, and a water oxidation catalyst for sustained light driven water oxidation catalysis. In assembling the electrode on nanoparticle SnO2/TiO2 electrodes, a Ru(II) polypyridyl complex was used as the light absorber, NiO was deposited as an overlayer, and a Ru(II) 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate complex as the water oxidation catalyst. In the final electrode, addition of the NiO overlayer enhanced performance toward water oxidation with the final electrode operating with a 1.1 mA/cm2 photocurrent density for 2 h without decomposition under one sun illumination in a pH 4.65 solution. We attribute the enhanced performance to the role of NiO as an electron transfer mediator between the light absorber and the catalyst.
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14
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Zhang B, Sun L. Artificial photosynthesis: opportunities and challenges of molecular catalysts. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2216-2264. [PMID: 30895997 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00897c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 78.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular catalysis plays an essential role in both natural and artificial photosynthesis (AP). However, the field of molecular catalysis for AP has gradually declined in recent years because of doubt about the long-term stability of molecular-catalyst-based devices. This review summarizes the development history of molecular-catalyst-based AP, including the fundamentals of AP, molecular catalysts for water oxidation, proton reduction and CO2 reduction, and molecular-catalyst-based AP devices, and it provides an analysis of the advantages, challenges, and stability of molecular catalysts. With this review, we aim to highlight the following points: (i) an investigation on molecular catalysis is one of the most promising ways to obtain atom-efficient catalysts with outstanding intrinsic activities; (ii) effective heterogenization of molecular catalysts is currently the primary challenge for the application of molecular catalysis in AP devices; (iii) development of molecular catalysts is a promising way to solve the problems of catalysis involved in practical solar fuel production. In molecular-catalysis-based AP, much has been attained, but more challenges remain with regard to long-term stability and heterogenization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biaobiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Wu L, Brennaman MK, Nayak A, Eberhart M, Miller AJM, Meyer TJ. Stabilization of Ruthenium(II) Polypyridyl Chromophores on Mesoporous TiO 2 Electrodes: Surface Reductive Electropolymerization and Silane Chemistry. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:506-514. [PMID: 30937378 PMCID: PMC6439529 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.8b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Stabilization is a critical issue in the long term operation of dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs) for water splitting or CO2 reduction. The cells require a stable binding of the robust molecular chromophores, catalysts, and chromophore/catalyst assemblies on metal oxide semiconductor electrodes under the corresponding (photoelectro)chemical conditions. Here, an efficient stabilization strategy is presented based on functionalization of FTO|nanoTiO2 (mesoporous, nanostructured TiO2 deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass) electrodes with a vinylsilane followed by surface reductive electropolymerization of a vinyl-derivatized Ru(II) polypyridyl chromophore. The surface electropolymerization was dominated by a grafting-through mechanism, and rapidly completed within minutes. Chromophore surface coverages were controlled up to three equivalent monolayers by the number of electropolymerization cycles. The silane immobilization and cross-linked polymer network produced highly (photo)stabilized chromophore-grafted FTO|nanoTiO2 electrodes. The electrodes showed significant improvements over structures based on atomic layer deposition and polymer dip-coating stabilization methods in a wide pH range from pH ≈ 1 to pH ≈ 12.5 under both dark and light conditions. Under illumination, with hydroquinone added as a sacrificial electron transfer donor, a photoresponse for sustained electron transfer mediation occurred for at least ∼20 h in a pH ≈ 7.5 phosphate buffer (0.1 M NaH2PO4/Na2HPO4, with 0.5 M NaClO4). The overall procedure provides an efficient way to fabricate highly stabilized molecular assemblies on electrode surfaces with potential applications for DSPECs in solar fuels.
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16
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Wu L, Eberhart M, Shan B, Nayak A, Brennaman MK, Miller AJM, Shao J, Meyer TJ. Stable Molecular Surface Modification of Nanostructured, Mesoporous Metal Oxide Photoanodes by Silane and Click Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4560-4567. [PMID: 30608131 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Binding functional molecules to nanostructured mesoporous metal oxide surfaces provides a way to derivatize metal oxide semiconductors for applications in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPECs). The commonly used anchoring groups, phosphonates and carboxylates, are unstable as surface links to oxide surfaces at neutral and high pH, leading to rapid desorption of appended molecules. A synthetically versatile molecular attachment strategy based on initial surface modification with a silyl azide followed by click chemistry is described here. It has been used for the stable installation of surface-bound metal complexes. The resulting surfaces are highly stabilized toward complex loss with excellent thermal, photochemical, and electrochemical stabilities. The procedure involves binding 3-azidopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) to nanostructured mesoporous TiO2 or tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) electrodes by silane attachment followed by azide-terminated, Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions with an alkyne-derivatized ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complex. The chromophore-modified electrodes display enhanced photochemical and electrochemical stabilities compared to phosphonate surface binding with extended photoelectrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone for more than ∼6 h with no significant decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518000 , China
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Michael Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Alexander J M Miller
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jing Shao
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering , Shenzhen University , Shenzhen , 518000 , China
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
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17
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Kuriki R, Yamamoto M, Higuchi K, Yamamoto Y, Akatsuka M, Lu D, Yagi S, Yoshida T, Ishitani O, Maeda K. Robust Binding between Carbon Nitride Nanosheets and a Binuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex Enabling Durable, Selective CO 2 Reduction under Visible Light in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 56:4867-4871. [PMID: 28387039 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201701627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nitride nanosheets (NS-C3 N4 ) were found to undergo robust binding with a binuclear ruthenium(II) complex (RuRu') even in basic aqueous solution. A hybrid material consisting of NS-C3 N4 (further modified with nanoparticulate Ag) and RuRu' promoted the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to formate in aqueous media, in conjunction with high selectivity (approximately 98 %) and a good turnover number (>2000 with respect to the loaded Ru complex). These represent the highest values yet reported for a powder-based photocatalytic system during CO2 reduction under visible light in an aqueous environment. We also assessed the desorption of RuRu' from the Ag/C3 N4 surface, a factor that can contribute to a loss of activity. It was determined that desorption is not induced by salt additives, pH changes, or photoirradiation, which partly explains the high photocatalytic performance of this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kuriki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Muneaki Yamamoto
- Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Kimitaka Higuchi
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masato Akatsuka
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Daling Lu
- Suzukakedai Materials Analysis Division, Technical Department, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8503, Japan
| | - Shinya Yagi
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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18
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Chen X, Fu Y, Kong T, Shang Y, Niu F, Diao Z, Shen S. Protected Hematite Nanorod Arrays with Molecular Complex Co-Catalyst for Efficient and Stable Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201801200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyan Chen
- International Research Centre for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Yanming Fu
- International Research Centre for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Tingting Kong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xi′an Shiyou University; 710054 Xi′an China
| | - Yi Shang
- International Research Centre for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Fujun Niu
- International Research Centre for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Zhidan Diao
- International Research Centre for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China
| | - Shaohua Shen
- International Research Centre for Renewable Energy; State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Xi'an 710049 Shaanxi China
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19
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Li W, Elzatahry A, Aldhayan D, Zhao D. Core-shell structured titanium dioxide nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:8203-8237. [PMID: 30137079 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00443a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Because of its unmatched resource potential, solar energy utilization currently is one of the hottest research areas. Much effort has been devoted to developing advanced materials for converting solar energy into electricity, solar fuels, active chemicals, or heat. Among them, TiO2 nanomaterials have attracted much attention due to their unique properties such as low cost, nontoxicity, good stability and excellent optical and electrical properties. Great progress has been made, but research opportunities are still present for creating new nanostructured TiO2 materials. Core-shell structured nanomaterials are of great interest as they provide a platform to integrate multiple components into a functional system, showing improved or new physical and chemical properties, which are unavailable from the isolated components. Consequently, significant effort is underway to design, fabricate and evaluate core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization to overcome the remaining challenges, for example, insufficient light absorption and low quantum efficiency. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of major advances in the synthesis of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials for solar energy utilization. This review starts from the general protocols to construct core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials, and then discusses their applications in photocatalysis, water splitting, photocatalytic CO2 reduction, solar cells and photothermal conversion. Finally, we conclude with an outlook section to offer some insights on the future directions and prospects of core-shell structured TiO2 nanomaterials and solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Shanghai Key Lab of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, iChEM and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China.
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20
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Wu L, Eberhart M, Nayak A, Brennaman MK, Shan B, Meyer TJ. A Molecular Silane-Derivatized Ru(II) Catalyst for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15062-15069. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Design of Molecular Water Oxidation Catalysts Stabilized by Ultrathin Inorganic Overlayers—Is Active Site Protection Necessary? INORGANICS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/inorganics6040105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anchored molecular catalysts provide a good step towards bridging the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. However, applications in an aqueous environment pose a serious challenge to anchoring groups in terms of stability. Ultrathin overlayers embedding these catalysts on the surface using atomic layer deposition (ALD) are an elegant solution to tackle the anchoring group instability. The propensity of ALD precursors to react with water leads to the question whether molecules containing aqua ligands, such as most water oxidation complexes, can be protected without side reactions and deactivation during the deposition process. We synthesized two iridium and two ruthenium-based water oxidation catalysts, which contained an aqua ligand (Ir–OH2 and Ru–OH2) or a chloride (Ir–Cl and Ru–Cl) that served as a protecting group for the former. Using a ligand exchange reaction on the anchored and partially embedded Ru–Cl, the optimal overlayer thickness was determined to be 1.6 nm. An electrochemical test of the protected catalysts on meso-ITO showed different behaviors for the Ru and the Ir catalysts. The former showed no onset difference between protected and non-protected versions, but limited stability. Ir–Cl displayed excellent stability, whilst the unprotected catalyst Ir–OH2 showed a later initial onset. Self-regeneration of the catalytic activity of Ir–OH2 under operating conditions was observed. We propose chloride ligands as generally applicable protecting groups for catalysts that are to be stabilized on surfaces using ALD.
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22
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Brady MD, Troian-Gautier L, Sampaio RN, Motley TC, Meyer GJ. Optimization of Photocatalyst Excited- and Ground-State Reduction Potentials for Dye-Sensitized HBr Splitting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:31312-31323. [PMID: 30130392 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b09134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized bromide oxidation was investigated using a series of four ruthenium polypyridyl photocatalysts anchored to SnO2/TiO2 core/shell mesoporous thin films through 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-diphosphonic acid anchoring groups. The ground- and excited-state reduction potentials were tuned over 500 mV by the introduction of electron withdrawing groups in the 4 and 4' positions of the ancillary bipyridine ligands. Upon light excitation of the surface-bound photocatalysts, excited-state electron injection yielded an oxidized photocatalyst that was regenerated through bromide oxidation. High injection quantum yields (Φinj) and regeneration quantum yields (Φreg) were essential to obtain efficient bromide oxidation yet required a photocatalyst that is both a potent photoreductant and a strong oxidant after excited-state injection. The four photocatalysts utilized in this manuscript ranged from unity Φinj (1.0) and minimal Φreg (0.037) to minimal Φinj (0.09) and unity Φreg (1.0). The photocatalyst that displayed the highest overall dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell performances exhibited near unity Φreg (0.99), while a significant Φinj was still preserved (0.59). Thus, these results highlighted the delicate interplay between the ground- and excited-state reduction potentials of photocatalysts for dye-sensitized hydrobromic acid splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Renato N Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Tyler C Motley
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Murray Hall 2202B , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States
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23
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Kaeffer N, Windle CD, Brisse R, Gablin C, Leonard D, Jousselme B, Chavarot-Kerlidou M, Artero V. Insights into the mechanism and aging of a noble-metal free H 2-evolving dye-sensitized photocathode. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6721-6738. [PMID: 30310606 PMCID: PMC6115630 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc00899j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Co-grafting of a cobalt diimine–dioxime catalyst and push–pull organic dye on NiO yields a photocathode evolving hydrogen from aqueous solution under sunlight, with equivalent performances compared to a dyad-based architecture using similar components.
Dye-sensitized photo-electrochemical cells (DS-PECs) form an emerging technology for the large-scale storage of solar energy in the form of (solar) fuels because of the low cost and ease of processing of their constitutive photoelectrode materials. Preparing such molecular photocathodes requires a well-controlled co-immobilization of molecular dyes and catalysts onto transparent semiconducting materials. Here we used a series of surface analysis techniques to describe the molecular assembly of a push–pull organic dye and a cobalt diimine–dioxime catalyst co-grafted on a p-type NiO electrode substrate. (Photo)electrochemical measurements allowed characterization of electron transfer processes within such an assembly and to demonstrate for the first time that a CoI species is formed as the entry into the light-driven H2 evolution mechanism of a dye-sensitized photocathode. This co-grafted noble-metal free H2-evolving photocathode architecture displays similar performances to its covalent dye–catalyst counterpart based on the same catalytic moiety. Post-operando time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) analysis of these photoelectrodes after extensive photoelectrochemical operation suggested decomposition pathways of the dye and triazole linkage used to graft the catalyst onto NiO, providing grounds for the design of optimized molecular DS-PEC components with increased robustness upon turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Kaeffer
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Christopher D Windle
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Romain Brisse
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN) , NIMBE , CEA , CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , Cedex , France
| | - Corinne Gablin
- Univ Lyon , CNRS , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , ENS de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Didier Leonard
- Univ Lyon , CNRS , Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , ENS de Lyon , Institut des Sciences Analytiques , UMR 5280, 5, rue de la Doua , F-69100 Villeurbanne , France
| | - Bruno Jousselme
- Laboratory of Innovation in Surface Chemistry and Nanosciences (LICSEN) , NIMBE , CEA , CNRS , Université Paris-Saclay , CEA Saclay , 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette , Cedex , France
| | - Murielle Chavarot-Kerlidou
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
| | - Vincent Artero
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux , Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS UMR 5249, CEA , 17 rue des Martyrs , F-38054 Grenoble , Cedex , France . ; http://www.solhycat.com
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24
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Raber MM, Brady MD, Troian-Gautier L, Dickenson JC, Marquard SL, Hyde JT, Lopez SJ, Meyer GJ, Meyer TJ, Harrison DP. Fundamental Factors Impacting the Stability of Phosphonate-Derivatized Ruthenium Polypyridyl Sensitizers Adsorbed on Metal Oxide Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:22821-22833. [PMID: 29883103 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of 18 ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes were synthesized and evaluated under electrochemically oxidative conditions, which generates the Ru(III) oxidation state and mimics the harsh conditions experienced during the kinetically limited regime that can occur in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and dye-sensitized photo-electrosynthesis cells, to further develop fundamental insights into the factors governing molecular sensitizer surface stability in aqueous 0.1 M HClO4. Both desorption and oxidatively induced ligand substitution were observed on planar fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes, with a dependence on the E1/2 Ru(III/II) redox potential dictating the comparative ratios of the processes. Complexes such as RuP4OMe ( E1/2 = 0.91 vs Ag/AgCl) displayed virtually only desorption, while complexes such as RuPbpz ( E1/2 > 1.62 V vs Ag/AgCl) displayed only chemical decomposition. Comparing isomers of 4,4'- and 5,5'-disubstituted-2,2'-bipyridine ancillary ligands, a dramatic increase in the rate of desorption of the Ru(III) complexes was observed for the 5,5'-ligands. Nanoscopic indium-doped tin oxide thin films (nanoITO) were also sensitized and analyzed with cyclic voltammetry, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, allowing for further distinction of desorption versus ligand-substitution processes. Desorption loss to bulk solution associated with the planar surface of FTO is essentially non-existent on nanoITO, where both desorption and ligand substitution are shut down with RuP4OMe. These results revealed that minimizing time spent in the oxidized form, incorporating electron-donating groups, maximizing hydrophobicity, and minimizing molecular bulk near the adsorbed ligand are critical to optimizing the performance of ruthenium(II) polypyridyl complexes in dye-sensitized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie M Raber
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Matthew D Brady
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - John C Dickenson
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Jacob T Hyde
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Santiago J Lopez
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599 , United States
| | - Daniel P Harrison
- Department of Chemistry , Virginia Military Institute , Lexington , Virginia 24450 , United States
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25
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Dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical water oxidation through a buried junction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:6946-6951. [PMID: 29915092 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1804728115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water oxidation has long been a challenge in artificial photosynthetic devices that convert solar energy into fuels. Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) provide a modular approach for integrating light-harvesting molecules with water-oxidation catalysts on metal-oxide electrodes. Despite recent progress in improving the efficiency of these devices by introducing good molecular water-oxidation catalysts, WS-DSPECs have poor stability, owing to the oxidation of molecular components at very positive electrode potentials. Here we demonstrate that a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (ss-DSSC) can be used as a buried junction for stable photoelectrochemical water splitting. A thin protecting layer of TiO2 grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) stabilizes the operation of the photoanode in aqueous solution, although as a solar cell there is a performance loss due to increased series resistance after the coating. With an electrodeposited iridium oxide layer, a photocurrent density of 1.43 mA cm-2 was observed in 0.1 M pH 6.7 phosphate solution at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, with good stability over 1 h. We measured an incident photon-to-current efficiency of 22% at 540 nm and a Faradaic efficiency of 43% for oxygen evolution. While the potential profile of the catalyst layer suggested otherwise, we confirmed the formation of a buried junction in the as-prepared photoelectrode. The buried junction design of ss-DSSs adds to our understanding of semiconductor-electrocatalyst junction behaviors in the presence of a poor semiconducting material.
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26
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Willkomm J, Reisner E. Photo- and electrocatalytic H 2 evolution with cobalt oxime complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4019/bjscc.71.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Willkomm
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable SynGas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge
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27
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Wang D, Marquard SL, Troian-Gautier L, Sheridan MV, Sherman BD, Wang Y, Eberhart MS, Farnum BH, Dares CJ, Meyer TJ. Interfacial Deposition of Ru(II) Bipyridine-Dicarboxylate Complexes by Ligand Substitution for Applications in Water Oxidation Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:719-726. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b10809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Ying Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Michael S. Eberhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Byron H. Farnum
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher J. Dares
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW
Eighth Street, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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28
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Hu K, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Brennaman MK, Tamaki Y, Meyer TJ, Meyer GJ. A High-Valent Metal-Oxo Species Produced by Photoinduced One-Electron, Two-Proton Transfer Reactivity. Inorg Chem 2017; 57:486-494. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Yusuke Tamaki
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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29
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Materna KL, Jiang J, Regan KP, Schmuttenmaer CA, Crabtree RH, Brudvig GW. Optimization of Photoanodes for Photocatalytic Water Oxidation by Combining a Heterogenized Iridium Water-Oxidation Catalyst with a High-Potential Porphyrin Photosensitizer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:4526-4534. [PMID: 28876510 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells has gained interest owing to their ability to generate renewable fuels from solar energy. In this study, photoanodes were assembled from a SnO2 film sensitized with a combination of a high-potential CF3 -substituted porphyrin dye with a tetrahydropyranyl-protected hydroxamic acid surface-anchoring group and a Cp*Ir (Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) water-oxidation catalyst containing a silatrane anchoring group. The dye/catalyst ratios were varied from 2:1 to 32:1 to optimize the photocatalytic water oxidation. Photoelectrochemical measurements showed not only more stable and reproducible photocurrents for lower dye/catalyst ratios but also improved photostability. O2 production was confirmed in real time over a 20 h period with a Clark electrode. Photoanodes prepared from 2:1 and 8:1 dye/catalyst sensitization solutions provided the most active electrodes for photocatalytic water oxidation and performed approximately 30-35 turnovers in 20 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Materna
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Jianbing Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Kevin P Regan
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Charles A Schmuttenmaer
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Robert H Crabtree
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Gary W Brudvig
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Yale Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
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30
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Eberhart MS, Wang D, Sampaio RN, Marquard SL, Shan B, Brennaman MK, Meyer GJ, Dares C, Meyer TJ. Water Photo-oxidation Initiated by Surface-Bound Organic Chromophores. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:16248-16255. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Eberhart
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Bing Shan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - M. Kyle Brennaman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Christopher Dares
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, MMC 11200
SW 8th Street (CP-3044), Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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31
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Brady MD, Sampaio RN, Wang D, Meyer TJ, Meyer GJ. Dye-Sensitized Hydrobromic Acid Splitting for Hydrogen Solar Fuel Production. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15612-15615. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D. Brady
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Renato N. Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Gerald J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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32
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Lauinger SM, Piercy BD, Li W, Yin Q, Collins-Wildman DL, Glass EN, Losego MD, Wang D, Geletii YV, Hill CL. Stabilization of Polyoxometalate Water Oxidation Catalysts on Hematite by Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35048-35056. [PMID: 28929745 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fast and earth-abundant-element polyoxometalates (POMs) have been heavily studied recently as water oxidation catalysts (WOCs) in homogeneous solution. However, POM WOCs can be quite unstable when supported on electrode or photoelectrode surfaces under applied potential. This article reports for the first time that a nanoscale oxide coating (Al2O3) applied by the atomic layer deposition (ALD) aids immobilization and greatly stabilizes this now large family of molecular WOCs when on electrode surfaces. In this study, [{RuIV4(OH)2(H2O)4}(γ-SiW10O34)2]10- (Ru4Si2) is supported on hematite photoelectrodes and then protected by ALD Al2O3; this ternary system was characterized before and after photoelectrocatalytic water oxidation by Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray, and voltammetry. All these studies indicate that Ru4Si2 remains intact with Al2O3 ALD protection, but not without. The thickness of the Al2O3 layer significantly affects the catalytic performance of the system: a 4 nm thick Al2O3 layer provides optimal performance with nearly 100% faradaic efficiency for oxygen generation under visible-light illumination. Al2O3 layers thicker than 6.5 nm appear to completely bury the Ru4Si2 catalyst, removing all of the catalytic activity, whereas thinner layers are insufficient to maintain a long-term attachment of the catalytic POM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Lauinger
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Brandon D Piercy
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Love Manufacturing Building, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Qiushi Yin
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Daniel L Collins-Wildman
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Elliot N Glass
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Mark D Losego
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Love Manufacturing Building, 771 Ferst Drive NW, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Dunwei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , 2609 Beacon Street, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Yurii V Geletii
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Craig L Hill
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University , 1515 Dickey Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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33
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Wang D, Farnum BH, Sheridan MV, Marquard SL, Sherman BD, Meyer TJ. Inner Layer Control of Performance in a Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cell. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33533-33538. [PMID: 28244735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b00225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial charge transfer and core-shell structures play important roles in dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells (DSPEC) for water splitting into H2 and O2. An important element in the design of the photoanode in these devices is a core/shell structure which controls local electron transfer dynamics. Here, we introduce a new element, an internal layer of Al2O3 lying between the Sb:SnO2/TiO2 layers in a core/shell electrode which can improve photocurrents by up to 300%. In these structures, the results of photocurrent, transient absorption, and linear scan voltammetry measurements point to an important role for the Al2O3 layer in controlling internal electron transfer within the core/shell structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Byron H Farnum
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Benjamin D Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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34
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Wang JC, Violette K, Ogunsolu OO, Cekli S, Lambers E, Fares HM, Hanson K. Self-Assembled Bilayers on Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides: Exploring the Non-Innocent Nature of the Linking Ions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:9609-9619. [PMID: 28821211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled bilayers on nanocrystalline metal oxide films are an increasingly popular strategy for modulating electron and energy transfer at dye-semiconductor interfaces. A majority of the work to date has relied on ZrII and ZnIV linking ions to assemble the films. In this report, we demonstrate that several different cations (CdII, CuII, FeII, LaIII, MnII, and SnIV) are not only effective in generating the bilayer assemblies but also have a profound influence on the stability and photophysical properties of the films. Bilayer films with ZrIV ions exhibited the highest photostability on both TiO2 and ZrO2. Despite the metal ions having a minimal influence on the absorption/emission energies and oxidation potentials of the dye, bilayers composed of CuII, FeII, and MnII exhibit significant excited-state quenching. The excited-state quenching decreases the electron injection yield but also, for CuII and MnII bilayers, significantly slows the back electron transfer kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie C Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kyle Violette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Omotola O Ogunsolu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Seda Cekli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Eric Lambers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Hadi M Fares
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Kenneth Hanson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and ‡Materials Science and Engineering, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
- Department of Chemistry and ∥Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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35
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Alibabaei L, Brennaman MK, Meyer TJ. Light-Driven Water Splitting in the Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cell. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-5924-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
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36
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Tong H, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Li J, Jiang W, Zhang D, Li N, Xia L. Enhanced Interfacial Charge Transfer on a Tungsten Trioxide Photoanode with Immobilized Molecular Iridium Catalyst. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:3268-3275. [PMID: 28612494 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of active photoanodes for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is crucial for future applications in sustainable energy conversion. A combination of catalysts with photoelectrodes is generally required to improve surface kinetics and suppress surface recombination. In this study, we present WO3 photoanode modified with the iridium complex [(H4 dphbpy)IrIII (Cp*)Cl]Cl (Ir-PO3 H2 ; H4 dphbpy=2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-bisphosphonic acid, Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadiene (WO3 +Ir-PO3 H2 )- for PEC water oxidation. When Ir-PO3 H2 is anchored to a WO3 electrode, the photoanode shows a significant improvement in both photocurrent and faradaic efficiency compared to the bare WO3 photoanode. Under simulated sunlight illumination (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2 ) with an applied bias of 1.23 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode), the photoanode exhibits a photocurrent of 1.16 mA cm-2 in acidic conditions, which is double that of the bare WO3 photoanode. The faradaic efficiency is promoted from 56 % to 95 %. Kinetic studies reveal that Ir-PO3 H2 exhibits a different interfacial charge-transfer mechanism on the WO3 photoanode for PEC water oxidation compared to iridium oxide. Ir-PO3 H2 , as a water-oxidation catalyst, can accelerate the surface charge transfer through rapid surface kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haili Tong
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Yi Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Jialing Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Wenchao Jiang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Donghui Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Na Li
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
| | - Lixin Xia
- College of Chemistry, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, P.R. China
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37
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Oxidation of alkyl benzenes by a flavin photooxidation catalyst on nanostructured metal-oxide films. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:9279-9283. [PMID: 28802257 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707318114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here a surface-bound, oxide-based procedure for the photooxidation of a family of aromatic hydrocarbons by a phosphate-bearing flavin mononucleotide (FMN) photocatalyst on high surface area metal-oxide films.
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38
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Lemaire PC, Lee DT, Zhao J, Parsons GN. Reversible Low-Temperature Metal Node Distortion during Atomic Layer Deposition of Al 2O 3 and TiO 2 on UiO-66-NH 2 Metal-Organic Framework Crystal Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:22042-22054. [PMID: 28598598 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b05214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are chemically functionalized micro- and mesoporous materials with high surface areas and are attractive for multiple applications including filtration, gas storage, and catalysis. Postsynthetic modification (PSM), via solution or vapor-based techniques, is a way to impart additional complexity and functionality into these materials. There is a desire to shift toward vapor-phase methods in order to ensure more controlled modification and more efficient reagent and solvent removal from the modified MOF material. In this work we explore how the metal precursors titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) and trimethylaluminum (TMA), commonly used in atomic layer deposition, react with UiO-66-NH2 MOF. Using in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) at 150 and 250 °C, we find that the ALD precursors react with μ3-OH hydroxyl and μ3-O bridging oxygen groups on Zr6 nodes, as well as oxygen from carboxylate linker groups. The reactions occur predominantly at the crystal surface at μ3-OH hydroxyl sites, with TiCl4 exhibiting greater diffusion into the MOF subsurface. FTIR analysis suggests that, at 150 °C, both TiCl4 and TMA reversibly dehydroxylate the hydroxylated UiO-66-NH2, which is accompanied by distortion of the zirconium metal clusters. Finally, we show that TiCl4 is able to react with the dehydroxylated UiO-66-NH2 structure, suggesting that TiCl4 is also able to react directly with the bridging oxygens in the metal clusters or carboxylate groups on the organic ligand. A better understanding of chemical and thermally driven MOF dehydroxylation reactions can be important for improved postsynthetic modification of MOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C Lemaire
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Dennis T Lee
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Junjie Zhao
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Gregory N Parsons
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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39
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Eberhart MS, Wee KR, Marquard S, Skinner K, Wang D, Nayak A, Meyer TJ. Fluoropolymer-Stabilized Chromophore-Catalyst Assemblies in Aqueous Buffer Solutions for Water-Oxidation Catalysis. CHEMSUSCHEM 2017; 10:2380-2384. [PMID: 28453926 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, the application of the fluorinated polymer [Dupont AF, a copolymer of 4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole and tetrafluoroethylene] is described in stabilizing phosphonate-derivatized molecular assemblies on oxide electrodes. In the procedure, the polymer was dip-coated onto the surfaces of oxide electrodes with pre-bound, phosphonate-derivatized chromophores and assemblies, including assemblies for water oxidation. The results of the experiments showed a high degree of stabilization by the added polymer and a demonstration of its use in stabilizing surface-bound assemblies for water-oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seth Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kasey Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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40
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Gierszewski M, Glinka A, Grądzka I, Jancelewicz M, Ziółek M. Effects of Post-Assembly Molecular and Atomic Passivation of Sensitized Titania Surface: Dynamics of Electron Transfer Measured from Femtoseconds to Seconds. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:17102-17114. [PMID: 28480696 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b03288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics of electron transfer at the dye-titania and titania-electrolyte interfaces is investigated in two post-sensitization processes: (i) atomic layer deposition of blocking alumina coating and (ii) hierarchical molecular multicapping. To measure the electron transfer dynamics, time-resolved spectroscopic methods (femtosecond transient absorption on the time scale from femtoseconds to nanoseconds and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on the time scale from milliseconds to seconds) are applied to the complete dye-sensitized solar cells with cobalt-based electrolyte and champion ADEKA-1 dye (with silyl-anchor unit) or its popular carboxyl-anchor analogue, MK-2 dye. Both molecular capping and alumina blocking layers slow down the electron injection process (the average rate constant decreases from 1.1 ps-1 to 0.4 ps-1) and partial sub-nanosecond back electron transfer from titania to the dye (from ca. 10 ns-1 to 5 ns-1). Very small alumina layers (of 0.1 nm thickness) have the highest impact on reducing the rate constants of these electron transfer processes, and for the thicknesses greater than 0.3 nm the rate constants hardly change. In contrast, the electron recombination between titania and electrolyte, occurring on the millisecond time scale, starts to be significantly suppressed for the blocking layers of 0.3 nm or more in thickness (up to ca. 20 times for 0.5 nm thickness with respect to that for untreated sample), improving open circuit voltage and fill factor of the cells. The amplitude of the relative photocurrent (short circuit current per number of absorbed photons) is found to depend almost exclusively on the ultrafast and fast processes taking place in the first nanoseconds after dye excitation. The positive impact of coadsorbents on the solar cells performance for both ADEKA-1 and MK-2 is also studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gierszewski
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, and ‡NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Glinka
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, and ‡NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Grądzka
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, and ‡NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Mariusz Jancelewicz
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, and ‡NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziółek
- Quantum Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics, and ‡NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań , Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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41
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Kuriki R, Yamamoto M, Higuchi K, Yamamoto Y, Akatsuka M, Lu D, Yagi S, Yoshida T, Ishitani O, Maeda K. Robust Binding between Carbon Nitride Nanosheets and a Binuclear Ruthenium(II) Complex Enabling Durable, Selective CO
2
Reduction under Visible Light in Aqueous Solution. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201701627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Kuriki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Muneaki Yamamoto
- Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Kimitaka Higuchi
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Yuta Yamamoto
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Masato Akatsuka
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Daling Lu
- Suzukakedai Materials Analysis Division, Technical Department Tokyo Institute of Technology 4259 Nagatsuta-cho Midori-ku Yokohama 226-8503 Japan
| | - Shinya Yagi
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability Nagoya University Furo-cho Chikusa-ku Nagoya 464-8603 Japan
| | - Tomoko Yoshida
- Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology Osaka City University 3-3-138 Sugimoto Sumiyoshi-ku Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1-NE-2 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8550 Japan
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42
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Meyer TJ, Sheridan MV, Sherman BD. Mechanisms of molecular water oxidation in solution and on oxide surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:6148-6169. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00465f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Initial experiments on water oxidation by well-defined molecular catalysts were initiated with the goal of finding solutions to solar energy conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
| | - Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Chapel Hill
- USA
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43
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Hoffeditz WL, Son HJ, Pellin MJ, Farha OK, Hupp JT. Engendering Long-Term Air and Light Stability of a TiO 2-Supported Porphyrinic Dye via Atomic Layer Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:34863-34869. [PMID: 27935694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Organic and porphyrin-based chromophores are prevalent in liquid-junction photovoltaic and photocatalytic solar-cell chemistry; however, their long-term air and light instability may limit their practicality in real world technologies. Here, we describe the protection of a zinc porphyrin dye, adsorbed on nanoparticulate TiO2, from air and light degradation by a protective coating of alumina grown with a previously developed post-treatment atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The protective Al2O3 ALD layer is deposited using dimethylaluminum isopropoxide as an Al source; in contrast to the ubiquitous ALD precursor trimethylaluminum, dimethylaluminum isopropoxide does not degrade the zinc porphyrin dye, as confirmed by UV-vis measurements. The growth of this protective ALD layer around the dye can be monitored by an in-reactor quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Furthermore, greater than 80% of porphyrin light absorption is retained over ∼1 month of exposure to air and light when the protective coating is present, whereas almost complete loss of porphyrin absorption is observed in less than 2 days in the absence of the ALD protective layer. Applying the Al2O3 post-treatment technique to the TiO2-adsorbed dye allows the dye to remain in electronic contact with both the semiconductor surface and a surrounding electrolyte solution, the combination of which makes this technique promising for numerous other electrochemical photovoltaic and photocatalytic applications, especially those involving the dye-sensitized evolution of oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael J Pellin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University , 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United States
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44
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Sherman BD, Sheridan MV, Wee KR, Marquard SL, Wang D, Alibabaei L, Ashford DL, Meyer TJ. A Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Tandem Cell for Light Driven Hydrogen Production from Water. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16745-16753. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Matthew V. Sheridan
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seth L. Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Dennis L. Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Thomas J. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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45
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Brennaman MK, Dillon RJ, Alibabaei L, Gish MK, Dares CJ, Ashford DL, House RL, Meyer GJ, Papanikolas JM, Meyer TJ. Finding the Way to Solar Fuels with Dye-Sensitized Photoelectrosynthesis Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:13085-13102. [PMID: 27654634 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The dye-sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cell (DSPEC) integrates high bandgap, nanoparticle oxide semiconductors with the light-absorbing and catalytic properties of designed chromophore-catalyst assemblies. The goals are photoelectrochemical water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen and reduction of CO2 by water to give oxygen and carbon-based fuels. Solar-driven water oxidation occurs at a photoanode and water or CO2 reduction at a cathode or photocathode initiated by molecular-level light absorption. Light absorption is followed by electron or hole injection, catalyst activation, and catalytic water oxidation or water/CO2 reduction. The DSPEC is of recent origin but significant progress has been made. It has the potential to play an important role in our energy future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kyle Brennaman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Robert J Dillon
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Leila Alibabaei
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Melissa K Gish
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Christopher J Dares
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Dennis L Ashford
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Ralph L House
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gerald J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - John M Papanikolas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , CB#3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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46
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Silicon Compound Decorated Photoanode for Performance Enhanced Visible Light Driven Water Splitting. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.08.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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47
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Kamire RJ, Majewski MB, Hoffeditz WL, Phelan BT, Farha OK, Hupp JT, Wasielewski MR. Photodriven hydrogen evolution by molecular catalysts using Al 2O 3-protected perylene-3,4-dicarboximide on NiO electrodes. Chem Sci 2016; 8:541-549. [PMID: 28616134 PMCID: PMC5458681 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc02477g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodriven charge transfer dynamics are described for an atomic layer deposition-stabilized, organic dye-sensitized photocathode architecture that produces hydrogen.
The design of efficient hydrogen-evolving photocathodes for dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (DSPECs) requires the incorporation of molecular light absorbing chromophores that are capable of delivering reducing equivalents to molecular proton reduction catalysts at rates exceeding those of charge recombination events. Here, we report the functionalization and kinetic analysis of a nanostructured NiO electrode with a modified perylene-3,4-dicarboximide chromophore (PMI) that is stabilized against degradation by atomic layer deposition (ALD) of thick insulating Al2O3 layers. Following photoinduced charge injection into NiO in high yield, films with Al2O3 layers demonstrate longer charge separated lifetimes as characterized via femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy and photoelectrochemical techniques. The photoelectrochemical behavior of the electrodes in the presence of Co(ii) and Ni(ii) molecular proton reduction catalysts is examined, revealing reduction of both catalysts. Under prolonged irradiation, evolved H2 is directly observed by gas chromatography supporting the applicability of PMI embedded in Al2O3 as a photocathode architecture in DSPECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Kamire
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Marek B Majewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - William L Hoffeditz
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Brian T Phelan
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Joseph T Hupp
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
| | - Michael R Wasielewski
- Department of Chemistry and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center , Northwestern University , Evanston , IL 60208-3113 , USA .
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48
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Nakada A, Nakashima T, Sekizawa K, Maeda K, Ishitani O. Visible-light-driven CO 2 reduction on a hybrid photocatalyst consisting of a Ru(ii) binuclear complex and a Ag-loaded TaON in aqueous solutions. Chem Sci 2016; 7:4364-4371. [PMID: 30155083 PMCID: PMC6014105 DOI: 10.1039/c6sc00586a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hybrid photocatalyst consisting of a Ru(ii) binuclear complex and a Ag-loaded TaON reduced CO2 by visible light even in aqueous solution. The distribution of the reduction products was strongly affected by the pH of the reaction solution. HCOOH was selectively produced in neutral conditions, whereas the formation of HCOOH competed with H2 evolution in acidic conditions. Detailed mechanistic studies revealed that the photocatalytic CO2 reduction proceeded via 'Z-schematic' electron transfer with step-by-step photoexcitation of TaON and the photosensitizer unit in the Ru(ii) binuclear complex. The maximum turnover number for HCOOH formation was 750 based on the Ru(ii) binuclear complex under visible-light irradiation, and the optimum external quantum efficiency of the HCOOH formation was 0.48% using 400 nm monochromic light with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt as a sacrificial reductant. Even in aqueous solution, the hybrid could also convert visible-light energy into chemical energy (ΔG0 = +83 kJ mol-1) by the reduction of CO2 to HCOOH with methanol oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinobu Nakada
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Takuya Nakashima
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Keita Sekizawa
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Kazuhiko Maeda
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
| | - Osamu Ishitani
- Department of Chemistry , Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1-NE-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8550 , Japan .
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49
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Gu J, Yan Y, Young JL, Steirer KX, Neale NR, Turner JA. Water reduction by a p-GaInP2 photoelectrode stabilized by an amorphous TiO2 coating and a molecular cobalt catalyst. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:456-60. [PMID: 26689139 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Producing hydrogen through solar water splitting requires the coverage of large land areas. Abundant metal-based molecular catalysts offer scalability, but only if they match noble metal activities. We report on a highly active p-GaInP2 photocathode protected through a 35-nm TiO2 layer functionalized by a cobaloxime molecular catalyst (GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime). This photoelectrode mediates H2 production with a current density of ∼9 mA cm(-2) at a potential of 0 V versus RHE under 1-sun illumination at pH 13. The calculated turnover number for the catalyst during a 20-h period is 139,000, with an average turnover frequency of 1.9 s(-1). Bare GaInP2 shows a rapid current decay, whereas the GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime electrode shows ≤5% loss over 20 min, comparable to a GaInP2-TiO2-Pt catalyst particle-modified interface. The activity and corrosion resistance of the GaInP2-TiO2-cobaloxime photocathode in basic solution is made possible by an atomic layer-deposited TiO2 and an attached cobaloxime catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Yong Yan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - James L Young
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
- Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - K Xerxes Steirer
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Nathan R Neale
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John A Turner
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
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50
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Chen HC, Williams RM, Reek JNH, Brouwer AM. Robust Benzo[g, h, i ]perylenetriimide Dye-Sensitized Electrodes in Air-Saturated Aqueous Buffer Solution. Chemistry 2016; 22:5489-93. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Cheng Chen
- University of Amsterdam; Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; P.O. Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - René M. Williams
- University of Amsterdam; Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; P.O. Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Joost N. H. Reek
- University of Amsterdam; Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; P.O. Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Albert M. Brouwer
- University of Amsterdam; Van‘t Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences; P.O. Box 94157 1090 GD Amsterdam The Netherlands
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