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Van Pee T, Martens DS, Alfano R, Engelen L, Sleurs H, Rasking L, Plusquin M, Nawrot TS. Cord Blood Proteomic Profiles, Birth Weight, and Early Life Growth Trajectories. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2411246. [PMID: 38743419 PMCID: PMC11094560 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.11246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The cord blood proteome, a repository of proteins derived from both mother and fetus, might offer valuable insights into the physiological and pathological state of the fetus. However, its association with birth weight and growth trajectories early in life remains unexplored. Objective To identify cord blood proteins associated with birth weight and the birth weight ratio (BWR) and to evaluate the associations of these cord blood proteins with early growth trajectories. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included 288 mother-child pairs from the ongoing prospective Environmental Influence on Early Aging birth cohort study. Newborns were recruited from East-Limburg Hospital in Genk, Belgium, between February 2010 and November 2017 and followed up until ages 4 to 6 years. Data were analyzed from February 2022 to September 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures The outcome of interest was the associations of 368 inflammatory-related cord blood proteins with birth weight or BWR and with early life growth trajectories (ie, rapid growth at age 12 months and weight, body mass index [BMI] z score, waist circumference, and overweight at age 4-6 years) using multiple linear regression models. The BWR was calculated by dividing the birth weight by the median birth weight of the population-specific reference growth curve, considering parity, sex, and gestational age. Results are presented as estimates or odds ratios (ORs) for each doubling in proteins. Results The sample included 288 infants (125 [43.4%] male; mean [SD] gestation age, 277.2 [11.6] days). The mean (SD) age of the child at the follow-up examination was 4.6 (0.4) years old. After multiple testing correction, there were significant associations of birth weight and BWR with 7 proteins: 2 positive associations: afamin (birth weight: coefficient, 341.16 [95% CI, 192.76 to 489.50]) and secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4; birth weight: coefficient, 242.60 [95% CI, 142.77 to 342.43]; BWR: coefficient, 0.07 [95% CI, 0.04 to 0.10]) and 5 negative associations: cadherin EGF LAG 7-pass G-type receptor 2 (CELSR2; birth weight: coefficient, -237.52 [95% CI, -343.15 to -131.89]), ephrin type-A receptor 4 (EPHA4; birth weight: coefficient, -342.78 [95% CI, -463.10 to -222.47]; BWR: coefficient, -0.11 [95% CI, -0.14 to -0.07]), SLIT and NTRK-like protein 1 (SLITRK1; birth weight: coefficient, -366.32 [95% CI, -476.66 to -255.97]; BWR: coefficient, -0.11 [95% CI, -0.15 to -0.08]), transcobalamin-1 (TCN1; birth weight: coefficient, -208.75 [95% CI, -305.23 to -112.26]), and unc-5 netrin receptor D (UNC5D; birth weight: coefficient, -209.27 [95% CI, -295.14 to -123.40]; BWR: coefficient, -0.07 [95% CI, -0.09 to -0.04]). Further evaluation showed that 2 proteins were still associated with rapid growth at age 12 months (afamin: OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.11-0.88]; TCN1: OR, 2.44 [95% CI, 1.26-4.80]). At age 4 to 6 years, CELSR2, EPHA4, SLITRK1, and UNC5D were negatively associated with weight (coefficients, -1.33 to -0.68 kg) and body mass index z score (coefficients, -0.41 to -0.23), and EPHA4, SLITRK1, and UNC5D were negatively associated with waist circumference (coefficients, -1.98 to -0.87 cm). At ages 4 to 6 years, afamin (OR, 0.19 [95% CI, 0.05-0.70]) and SLITRK1 (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10-0.99]) were associated with lower odds for overweight. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study found 7 cord blood proteins associated with birth weight and growth trajectories early in life. Overall, these findings suggest that stressors that could affect the cord blood proteome during pregnancy might have long-lasting associations with weight and body anthropometrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thessa Van Pee
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Dries S. Martens
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Rossella Alfano
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Liesa Engelen
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Hanne Sleurs
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Leen Rasking
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michelle Plusquin
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Tim S. Nawrot
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leuven University, Leuven, Belgium
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Gabriel V, Lincoln A, Zdyrski C, Ralston A, Wickham H, Honold S, Ahmed BH, Paukner K, Feauto R, Merodio MM, Piñeyro P, Meyerholz D, Allenspach K, Mochel JP. Evaluation of different media compositions promoting hepatocyte differentiation in the canine liver organoid model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28420. [PMID: 38590903 PMCID: PMC10999936 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Organoids are 3-dimensional (3D) self-assembled structures capable of replicating the microanatomy and physiology of the epithelial components of their organ of origin. Adult stem cell (ASC) derived organoids from the liver have previously been shown to differentiate into primarily mature cholangiocytes, and their partial differentiation into functional hepatocytes can be promoted using specific media compositions. While full morphological differentiation of mature hepatocytes from ASCs has not yet been reported for any species, the functional differentiation can be approximated using various media compositions. Six differentiation media formulations from published studies on hepatic organoids were used for the differentiation protocol. Target species for these protocols were humans, mice, cats, and dogs, and encompassed various combinations and concentrations of four major hepatocyte media components: Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7), Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19), Dexamethasone (Dex), and Gamma-Secretase Inhibitor IX (DAPT). Additionally, removing R-spondin from basic organoid media has previously been shown to drive the differentiation of ASC into mature hepatocytes. Differentiation media (N = 20) were designed to encompass combinations of the four major hepatocyte media components. The preferred differentiation of ASC-derived organoids from liver tissue into mature hepatocytes over cholangiocytes was confirmed by albumin production in the culture supernatant. Out of the twenty media compositions tested, six media resulted in the production of the highest amounts of albumin in the supernatant of the organoids. The cell lines cultured using these six media were further characterized via histological staining, transmission electron microscopy, RNA in situ hybridization, analysis of gene expression patterns, immunofluorescence, and label-free proteomics. The results indicate that preferential hepatocyte maturation from canine ADC-derived organoids from liver tissue is mainly driven by Dexamethasone and DAPT components. FGF19 did not enhance organoid differentiation but improved cell culture survival. Furthermore, we confirm that removing R-spondin from the media is crucial for establishing mature hepatic organoid cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vojtech Gabriel
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Addison Lincoln
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Zdyrski
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Hannah Wickham
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Sydney Honold
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Basant H. Ahmed
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karel Paukner
- Laboratory for Atherosclerosis Research, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, CZ, Czech Republic
| | - Ryan Feauto
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Maria M. Merodio
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - David Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Karin Allenspach
- SMART Lab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jonathan P. Mochel
- 3D Health Solutions Inc., Ames, IA, USA
- Precision One Health Initiative, Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 30602, Athens, GA, USA
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Mokhtari Ardekani A, Kharazinejad E, Ghasemi E, Ghasemi H, Soltani R. Circulating afamin positively correlated with the miR-122 expression and type 2 diabetes mellitus-related phenotype according to the duration of diabetes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28053. [PMID: 38560140 PMCID: PMC10979149 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Afamin is a hepatokine that involves in glucose and lipids metabolism. miR-122 is mainly expressed in liver and involves in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study aimed at investigating the circulating afamin, its correlation with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and miR-122 gene expression in T2DM patients and healthy control subjects according to the duration of diabetes. Methods This case-control study included 220 participants, with 100 individuals serving as controls and 120 individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The miR-122 gene expression was assessed using real-time PCR. The serum concentration of biochemical parameters such as glucose levels, lipid profile, and small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL) were measured using colorimetric kits. Circulating afamin and insulin levels were assayed using an ELISA kit. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) was measured using capillary electrophoresis. Results Circulating afamin level was significantly higher in T2DM patients compared to the control group, (73.8 ± 10.8 vs. 65.9 ± 8.7, respectively; P < 0.001). Similarly, miR122 expression was significantly increased in T2DM patients compared to healthy control subjects (4.24 ± 2.01 vs. 1.00 ± 0.85, respectively; P < 0.001). Among patients diagnosed with T2DM, those with longstanding diabetes (>5 years) exhibited significantly higher levels of circulating afamin and miR-122 expression compared to individuals with a shorter duration of diabetes (≤5 years) (P < 0.05). Circulating afamin levels were significantly correlated with waist circumference, small-dense low-density lipoprotein (sdLDL), fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin, resistance to insulin, and miR-122 expression, depending on the duration of the disease (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the performance of afamin as a diagnostic marker for T2DM was confirmed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.7 (P < 0.001). Conclusions Circulating afamin involved in the T2DM-related complications and its concentration is positively correlated to the miR-122 expression, especially in patient with longstanding diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abnoos Mokhtari Ardekani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Science & Physiology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Rahmatollah Soltani
- Clinical Education Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Dogan Y, Arslan O, Oztas B, Kurtali A, Daryal AS, Eser MD. Comparison of Afamin Values in Umbilical Cord Blood After Delivery in Pregnancies With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2024; 43:83-93. [PMID: 38189115 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2023.2300981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Afamin is a protein that increases in gestational diabetes but its concentration in neonates hasn't been investigated. Our objective is to compare cord blood afamin levels in neonates born to mothers with and without diabetes, and to explore its relationship with maternal and neonatal variables. METHODS In this case control study, umbilical cord blood was collected for afamin measurement in pregestational/gestational diabetic pregnancies (n = 40) and healthy pregnancies (n = 45) after delivery. Correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between afamin levels and maternal BMI, age, HbA1c, fasting and postprandial blood glucose, gestational age, birth weight. RESULTS The diabetic group had a higher median afamin level (p < 0.001). Afamin concentrations did not differ significantly between diabetic subgroups. The concentration of afamin in cord blood was independent of maternal BMI, age, HbA1c, blood glucose, gestational age, birth weight. CONCLUSION The concentration of afamin in cord blood of diabetic pregnancies is significantly higher, irrespective of other clinical factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Dogan
- Division of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | | | - Berrin Oztas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Aylin Kurtali
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Burhaniye State Hospital, Balıkesir, Türkiye
| | - Ayse Seda Daryal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Müzeyyen Dilsad Eser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Türkiye
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Paranamana N, El Rassi Z. Precursor carboxy-silica for functionalization with interactive ligands. III. Carbodiimide assisted preparation of immobilized lectin stationary phases for high performance lectin affinity chromatography of sub-glycoproteomics from cancer and disease free human sera. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2024; 1233:123992. [PMID: 38199060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a precursor carboxy-silica support was demonstrated in the immobilization of two different lectins, namely concanavalin A (Con A) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) for use in high performance lectin affinity chromatography (LAC) for the selective capturing and enrichment of glycoproteins from healthy/disease free and cancer human sera. The lectin columns thus obtained (i.e., Con A- and WGA-columns) showed no nonspecific interactions toward some chosen standard glycoproteins and non-glycoproteins. Both columns were shown in sub-glycoproteomics enrichment from human sera including disease free and adenocarcinoma cancer sera. The collected fractions were subjected to LC-MS/MS for identification of the captured glycoproteins, whereby the total number of identified proteins using Con A column from disease-free and cancer sera were 164 and 188, respectively while 133 and 103 proteins were identified in the fractions captured by the WGA column from disease-free and cancer sera samples, respectively. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the disease free and cancer sera in both the Con A and WGA column fractions were identified via the plot of the abundance vs. the protein ratio whereby the binary logarithm of average intensities of cancer and disease free sera were plotted against the binary logarithm of cancer/disease free sera ratios. The proteins that exhibit log 2 (cancer/healthy) ratio values greater than +2 and less than -2 in both categories are considered as DEPs. Furthermore, for visualization of the data arrangement, Q-Q scatterplot were also used whereby the binary logarithm of cancer serum was plotted against the binary logarithm of disease-free serum for both Con A and WGA. For Con A column, 28 up-regulated and 10 down regulated proteins were identified with a total of 38 DEPs while only two being non-glycoproteins. Furthermore, the up-regulated, and down regulated proteins recorded for WGA column are 14 and 6, respectively, totaling 20 proteins including 3 non-glycoproteins. Some of the non-specific binding to lectin are most likely due to protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilushi Paranamana
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, United States
| | - Ziad El Rassi
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-3071, United States.
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Kim H, Lichtenstein AH, Ganz P, Du S, Tang O, Yu B, Chatterjee N, Appel LJ, Coresh J, Rebholz CM. Identification of Protein Biomarkers of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet in Randomized Feeding Studies and Validation in an Observational Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e028821. [PMID: 36974735 PMCID: PMC10122905 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.028821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Background The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended for cardiovascular disease prevention. We aimed to identify protein biomarkers of the DASH diet using data from 2 randomized feeding studies and validate them in an observational study, the ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study. Methods and Results Large-scale proteomic profiling was conducted in serum specimens (SomaLogic) collected at the end of 8-week and 4-week DASH diet interventions in multicenter, randomized controlled feeding studies of the DASH trial (N=215) and the DASH-Sodium trial (N=396), respectively. Multivariable linear regression models were used to compare the relative abundance of 7241 proteins between the DASH and control diet interventions. Estimates from the 2 trials were meta-analyzed using fixed-effects models. We validated significant proteins in the ARIC study (N=10 490) using the DASH diet score. At a false discovery rate <0.05, there were 71 proteins that were different between the DASH diet and control diet in the DASH and DASH-Sodium trials. Nineteen proteins were validated in the ARIC study. The 19 proteins collectively improved the prediction of the DASH diet intervention in the feeding studies (range of difference in C statistics, 0.267-0.313; P<0.001 for both tests) and the DASH diet score in the ARIC study (difference in C statistics, 0.017; P<0.001) beyond participant characteristics. Conclusions We identified 19 proteins robustly associated with the DASH diet in 3 studies, which may serve as biomarkers of the DASH diet. These results suggest potential pathways that are impacted by consumption of the DASH diet. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifiers: NCT03403166, NCT00000608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Kim
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | | | - Peter Ganz
- Cardiovascular Division, Zuckerberg San Francisco General HospitalUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA
| | - Shutong Du
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Olive Tang
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics & Environmental SciencesUniversity of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston School of Public HealthHoustonTX
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Department of BiostatisticsJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
| | - Lawrence J. Appel
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Josef Coresh
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
| | - Casey M. Rebholz
- Department of EpidemiologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMD
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical ResearchJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD
- Division of Nephrology, Department of MedicineJohns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD
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Identification of Blood Transport Proteins to Carry Temoporfin: A Domino Approach from Virtual Screening to Synthesis and In Vitro PDT Testing. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030919. [PMID: 36986780 PMCID: PMC10056000 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Temoporfin (mTHPC) is one of the most promising photosensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite its clinical use, the lipophilic character of mTHPC still hampers the full exploitation of its potential. Low solubility in water, high tendency to aggregate, and low biocompatibility are the main limitations because they cause poor stability in physiological environments, dark toxicity, and ultimately reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Applying a reverse docking approach, here, we identified a number of blood transport proteins able to bind and disperse monomolecularly mTHPC, namely apohemoglobin, apomyoglobin, hemopexin, and afamin. We validated the computational results synthesizing the mTHPC-apomyoglobin complex (mTHPC@apoMb) and demonstrated that the protein monodisperses mTHPC in a physiological environment. The mTHPC@apoMb complex preserves the imaging properties of the molecule and improves its ability to produce ROS via both type I and type II mechanisms. The effectiveness of photodynamic treatment using the mTHPC@apoMb complex was then demonstrated in vitro. Blood transport proteins can be used as molecular “Trojan horses” in cancer cells by conferring mTHPC (i) water solubility, (ii) monodispersity, and (iii) biocompatibility, ultimately bypassing the current limitations of mTHPC.
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Lőrincz H, Ratku B, Csiha S, Seres I, Szabó Z, Paragh G, Harangi M, Somodi S. Impaired Organokine Regulation in Non-Diabetic Obese Subjects: Halfway to the Cardiometabolic Danger Zone. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044115. [PMID: 36835525 PMCID: PMC9963515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered organokine expression contributes to increased cardiometabolic risk in obesity. Our aim was to evaluate the associations of serum afamin with glucose homeostasis, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and other adipokines in severe obesity to clarify the early metabolic alterations. 106 non-diabetic obese (NDO) subjects and 62 obese patients with type 2 diabetes matched for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) were enrolled in this study. We compared their data with 49 healthy, lean controls. Serum afamin and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), as well as plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), were measured with ELISA, and lipoprotein subfractions were analyzed using Lipoprint gel electrophoresis. Afamin and PAI-1 found to be significantly higher in the NDO and T2M group (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) than in the controls. In contrast, RBP4 was unexpectedly lower in the NDO and T2DM group compared to controls (p < 0.001). Afamin showed negative correlations with mean LDL size and RBP4, but positive correlations with anthropometric, glucose/lipid parameters, and PAI-1 in both the overall patients and the in NDO + T2DM groups. BMI, glucose, intermediate HDL, and small HDL were predictors of afamin. Afamin may serve as a biomarker for the severity of cardiometabolic disturbances in obesity. The complexity of organokine patterns in NDO subjects draws attention to the diverse spectrum of obesity-related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ratku
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sára Csiha
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szabó
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Division of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Institute of Health Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Guo C, Fan Y, Cheng J, Deng Y, Zhang X, Chen Y, Jing H, Li W, Liu P, Xie J, Ning W, Chen H, Zhou J. AFM negatively regulates the infiltration of monocytes to mediate sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1049536. [PMID: 36793712 PMCID: PMC9922996 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1049536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis is organ dysfunction due to the host's deleterious response to infection, and the kidneys are one of the organs damaged in common sepsis. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI) increases the mortality in patients with sepsis. Although a substantial volume of research has improved the prevention and treatment of the disease, SA-SKI is still a significant clinical concern. Purpose Aimed to use weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and immunoinfiltration analysis to study SA-AKI-related diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. Methods Immunoinfiltration analysis was performed on SA-AKI expression datasets from the Gene Expression Synthesis (GEO) database. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analysis was performed on immune invasion scores as trait data, and modules associated with immune cells of interest were identified as hub modules. Screening hub geneset in the hub module using protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. The hub gene was identified as a target by intersecting with significantly different genes screened by differential expression analysis and validated using two external datasets. Finally, the correlation between the target gene, SA-AKI, and immune cells was verified experimentally. Results Green modules associated with monocytes were identified using WGCNA and immune infiltration analysis. Differential expression analysis and PPI network analysis identified two hub genes (AFM and GSTA1). Further validation using additional AKI datasets GSE30718 and GSE44925 showed that AFM was significantly downregulated in AKI samples and correlated with the development of AKI. The correlation analysis of hub genes and immune cells showed that AFM was significantly associated with monocyte infiltration and hence, selected as a critical gene. In addition, Gene single-enrichment analysis (GSEA) and PPI analyses results showed that AFM was significantly related to the occurrence and development of SA-AKI. Conclusions AFM is inversely correlated with the recruitment of monocytes and the release of various inflammatory factors in the kidneys of AKI. AFM can be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for monocyte infiltration in sepsis-related AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youling Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Xinjiang, China,Department of Anesthesiology, The Second People’s Hospital of Panyu, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiurong Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingdong Deng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangsheng Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanna Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Jing
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Ning
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongtao Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jun Zhou,
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Clinical Significance of Neuregulin 4, Afamin, and SERPINB1 in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Their Relationship with Insulin Resistance. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2829662. [PMID: 36072413 PMCID: PMC9441345 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2829662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aims to explore the serum levels of neuregulin 4 (NRG4), afamin (AFM), and serpin family B member 1 (SERPINB1) in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients and their relationship with insulin resistance. Method Serum levels of AFM, SERPINB1, and NRG4 were measured in GDM (n = 58), and non-GDM women (n = 60) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Besides, the serum insulin and glucose levels were also measured followed by calculating the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). The correlation was performed using the Pearson analysis. Results The increased serum levels of AFM and SERPINB1 were revealed in GDM patients as compared with non-GDM women, accompanied by the lower NRG4 serum level. ROCs for AFM concentrations showed an AUC of 0.629 (95% CI: 0.527∼0.731), 0.832 (95% CI: 0.754∼0.909) for the SERPINB1 serum level, and 0.626 (95% CI: 0.524∼0.728) for the NRG4 serum level. The threshold was 108.05 mg/L, 8.75 ng/mL, and 96.25 ng/mL of AFM, SERPINB1, and NRG4. Moreover, the combined ROC of AFM, SERPINB1, and NRG4 serum levels showed higher sensitivity (72.41%) and specificity (85.00%) for the diagnosis of GDM (AUC = 0.839; 95% CI: 0.764∼0.913). In GDM patients, the Pearson analysis revealed a significant correlation between AFM and SERPINB1 (r = 0.776), AFM and NRG4 (r = -0.799), as well as SERPINB1 and NRG4 (r = -0.783). Moreover, AFM and SERPINB1 serum concentrations in GDM patients were positively related to insulin levels, fasting glucose levels, and HOMA-IR values. However, the SERPINB1 serum level was negatively correlated with serum insulin and glucose levels and HOMA-IR. Conclusion Abnormal serum levels of NRG4, AFM, and SERPINB1, as highly sensitive diagnostic tools, are closely related to insulin resistance in GDM patients.
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11
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Association Between Serum Afamin Levels with Nonalcoholic Associated Fatty Liver Disease. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:7175108. [PMID: 35800214 PMCID: PMC9256457 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7175108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Afamin is a member of the hepatokine that are strongly associated with various metabolic diseases. The relationship between afamin and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the correlation between serum afamin levels and NAFLD. We analyzed 88 NAFLD patients and 88 age- and sex-matched healthy controls who took their health examinations at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. The association was further confirmed in 22 biopsy-confirmed NAFLD patients and 36 healthy controls. Serum afamin levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NAFLD patients had significantly higher serum afamin levels than the healthy controls (14.79 ± 5.04 mg/L versus 10.83 ± 3.24 mg/L; P < 0.001). Serum afamin levels were positively correlated with metabolic parameters including the body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles. A multiple regression analysis showed that serum afamin levels were independently related to the risk of NAFLD (OR: 1.289, 95% CI, 1.141-1.456; P < 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of serum afamin plus the BMI for detecting NAFLD was 0.878. In participants with liver biopsies, the serum afamin plus the BMI detected NAFLD with an AUC of 0.758. In conclusion, serum afamin levels were positively associated with prevalence and risk of NAFLD, and serum afamin plus the BMI had a high diagnostic performance for NAFLD. This study provides epidemiological evidence of afamin in NAFLD.
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12
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Frudd K, Sivaprasad S, Raman R, Krishnakumar S, Revathy YR, Turowski P. Diagnostic circulating biomarkers to detect vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy: Potential screening tool of the future? Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100:e648-e668. [PMID: 34269526 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of diabetes in developing and developed countries, the socio-economic burden of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the leading complication of diabetes, is growing. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is currently one of the leading causes of blindness in working-age adults worldwide. Robust methodologies exist to detect and monitor DR; however, these rely on specialist imaging techniques and qualified practitioners. This makes detecting and monitoring DR expensive and time-consuming, which is particularly problematic in developing countries where many patients will be remote and have little contact with specialist medical centres. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is largely asymptomatic until late in the pathology. Therefore, early identification and stratification of vision-threatening DR (VTDR) is highly desirable and will ameliorate the global impact of this disease. A simple, reliable and more cost-effective test would greatly assist in decreasing the burden of DR around the world. Here, we evaluate and review data on circulating protein biomarkers, which have been verified in the context of DR. We also discuss the challenges and developments necessary to translate these promising data into clinically useful assays, to detect VTDR, and their potential integration into simple point-of-care testing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Frudd
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
| | - Sobha Sivaprasad
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
- NIHR Moorfields Biomedical Research Centre Moorfields Eye Hospital London UK
| | - Rajiv Raman
- Vision Research Foundation Sankara Nethralaya Chennai Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | | - Patric Turowski
- Institute of Ophthalmology University College London London UK
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13
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Arredondo SB, Valenzuela-Bezanilla D, Santibanez SH, Varela-Nallar L. Wnt signaling in the adult hippocampal neurogenic niche. Stem Cells 2022; 40:630-640. [PMID: 35446432 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) is a neurogenic niche of the adult brain that contains neural stem cells (NSCs) able to generate excitatory glutamatergic granule neurons, which integrate into the DG circuit and contribute to hippocampal plasticity, learning, and memory. Thus, endogenous NSCs could be harnessed for therapeutic purposes. In this context, it is critical to characterize the molecular mechanisms controlling the generation and functional integration of adult-born neurons. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is tightly controlled by both cell-autonomous mechanisms and the interaction with the complex niche microenvironment, which harbors the NSCs and provides the signals to support their maintenance, activation, and differentiation. Among niche-derived factors, Wnt ligands play diverse roles. Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that bind to Frizzled receptors and co-receptors to trigger the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about the roles of Wnts in the regulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. We discuss the possible contribution of the different niche cells to the regulation of local Wnt signaling activity, and how Wnts derived from different cell types could induce differential effects. Finally, we discuss how the effects of Wnt signaling on hippocampal network activity might contribute to neurogenesis regulation. Although the evidence supports relevant roles for Wnt signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, defining the cellular source and the mechanisms controlling secretion and diffusion of Wnts will be crucial to further understand Wnt signaling regulation of adult NSCs, and eventually, to propose this pathway as a therapeutic target to promote neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian B Arredondo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Valenzuela-Bezanilla
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastian H Santibanez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Varela-Nallar
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Echaurren 183, 8370071, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Broussard EM, Rodriguez ZB, Austin CC. Evolution of the albumin protein family in reptiles. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107435. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Juhász I, Ujfalusi S, Seres I, Lőrincz H, Varga VE, Paragh G, Somodi S, Harangi M, Paragh G. Afamin Levels and Their Correlation with Oxidative and Lipid Parameters in Non-diabetic, Obese Patients. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12010116. [PMID: 35053264 PMCID: PMC8773538 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Afamin is a liver-produced bioactive protein and features α- and γ-tocopherol binding sites. Afamin levels are elevated in metabolic syndrome and obesity and correlate well with components of metabolic syndrome. Afamin concentrations, correlations between afamin and vitamin E, afamin and lipoprotein subfractions in non-diabetic, obese patients have not been fully examined. Methods: Fifty non-diabetic, morbidly obese patients and thirty-two healthy, normal-weight individuals were involved in our study. The afamin concentrations were measured by ELISA. Lipoprotein subfractions were determined with gel electrophoresis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was used to measure α- and γ tocopherol levels. Results: Afamin concentrations were significantly higher in the obese patients compared to the healthy control (70.4 ± 12.8 vs. 47.6 ± 8.5 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Positive correlations were found between afamin and fasting glucose, HbA1c, hsCRP, triglyceride, and oxidized LDL level, as well as the amount and ratio of small HDL subfractions. Negative correlations were observed between afamin and mean LDL size, as well as the amount and ratio of large HDL subfractions. After multiple regression analysis, HbA1c levels and small HDL turned out to be independent predictors of afamin. Conclusions: Afamin may be involved in the development of obesity-related oxidative stress via the development of insulin resistance and not by affecting α- and γ-tocopherol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imre Juhász
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.J.); (S.S.)
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Szilvia Ujfalusi
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - Viktória Evelin Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA;
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Sándor Somodi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.J.); (S.S.)
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.S.); (H.L.); (V.E.V.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +36-52-442-101
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16
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Pitkänen N, Finkenstedt A, Lamina C, Juonala M, Kähönen M, Mäkelä KM, Dieplinger B, Viveiros A, Melmer A, Leitner I, Kedenko L, Seppälä I, Viikari JSA, Mueller T, Kronenberg F, Paulweber B, Lehtimäki T, Zoller H, Raitakari OT, Dieplinger H. Afamin predicts the prevalence and incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 60:243-251. [PMID: 34850615 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the general population, increased afamin concentrations are associated with the prevalence and incidence of metabolic syndrome as well as type 2 diabetes. Although metabolic syndrome is commonly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), there exist no information on afamin and NAFLD. METHODS Afamin concentrations were cross-sectionally measured in 146 Austrian patients with NAFLD, in 45 patients without NAFLD, and in 292 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Furthermore, the feasibility of afamin to predict incident NAFLD was evaluated in 1,434 adult participants in the population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study during a 10-year follow-up. RESULTS Median afamin concentrations were significantly higher in NAFLD patients (83.6 mg/L) than in patients without NAFLD (61.6 mg/L, p<0.0001) or in healthy controls (63.9 mg/L, p<0.0001). In age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analyses a 10 mg/L increase of afamin was associated with a 1.5-fold increase of having NAFLD as compared with patients without NAFLD and the risk was even two-fold when compared with healthy controls. In the population-based cohort, afamin concentrations at baseline were significantly lower in participants without NAFLD (n=1,195) than in 239 participants who developed NAFLD (56.5 vs. 66.9 mg/L, p<0.0001) during the 10-year follow up, with highest afamin values observed in individuals developing severe forms of NAFLD. After adjustment for several potentially confounding parameters, afamin remained an independent predictor for the development of NAFLD (OR=1.37 [95% CI 1.23-1.54] per 10 mg/L increase, p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Afamin concentrations are increased in patients with NAFLD and independently predict the development of NAFLD in a population-based cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Armin Finkenstedt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Juonala
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari-Matti Mäkelä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Benjamin Dieplinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Andre Viveiros
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andreas Melmer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Isabella Leitner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Ludmilla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma S A Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konventhospital Barmherzige Brueder Linz and Ordensklinikum Linz Barmherzige Schwestern, Linz, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine I, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heinz Zoller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre for Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Hans Dieplinger
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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17
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Kiyose C. Absorption, transportation, and distribution of vitamin E homologs. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:226-237. [PMID: 34687866 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E has eight different naturally occurring forms: four tocopherols and four tocotrienols. Because α-tocopherol has three asymmetric carbons, both natural α-tocopherol (RRR-α-tocopherol) and synthetic α-tocopherol (all-rac-α-tocopherol) are utilized in both pharmaceutical products and food additives. Therefore, determining the distribution of vitamin E in the body is very important. With regard to absorption, and transportation of vitamin E, it is suggested that the pathways mediated by three proteins (CD36, SR-BI, and NPC1L1) as well as passive diffusion affect absorption of vitamin E. Vitamin E homologs are mainly transported by very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) with the α-tocopherol being recognized by the α-tocopherol transfer protein in liver. However, it is also suggested that chylomicrons (CMs) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) are involved in transportation of vitamin E homologs from the small intestine to each section of peripheral tissue. In particular, it is speculated that vitamin E homologs transportation by CMs and HDL from enterocytes to peripheral tissues such as adipose tissue greatly affects the distribution of vitamin E homologs, excluding α-tocopherol. However, how lipoprotein lipase affects the incorporation of vitamin E homologs containing lipoprotein into peripheral tissues is unclear. Whether there is biodiscrimination when vitamin E homologs are incorporated into peripheral tissues from lipoprotein is an interesting question. It is likely that future research will reveal how individual vitamin E homologs are incorporated into peripheral tissue, especially the brain, adipose tissue, and skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikako Kiyose
- Department of Nutrition and Life Science, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Japan.
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18
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Rios D, Boteon AP, Di Leone CCL, Castelluccio TT, Mendonça FL, Ionta FQ, Buzalaf MAR, Carvalho TS. Vitamin E: A potential preventive approach against dental erosion-an in vitro short-term erosive study. J Dent 2021; 113:103781. [PMID: 34400251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the in vitro effect of different components of palm oil on enamel in a short-term erosive challenge. METHODS The acquired enamel pellicle (AEP) was previously formed in situ for 2 h. Subsequently, the bovine enamel blocks were treated in vitro according to following solutions: G1-palm oil; G2-85% tocotrienol solution; G3-oily vitamin E; G4-oily vitamin A; G5-deionized water (negative control); G6-stannous-containing solution (Elmex® Erosion Protection Dental Rinse) (positive control). After application of the treatment solutions (500 µl, 30 s), the blocks were immersed in 0.5% citric acid (pH 2.4) during 30 s (initial erosion). The response variable was the percentage of surface hardness loss. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Fisher's Test (p < 0.05). RESULTS The positive control (G6), palm oil (G1) and oily vitamin E (G3) groups presented the lowest percentage of surface hardness loss, and were statistically different from the negative group (G5) (p < 0.05), and no differences were found between these three groups. The 85% tocotrienol solution (G2) and oily vitamin A groups (G4) were not different to the negative control group. CONCLUSIONS Stannous-containing positive control (Elmex® Erosion Protection), palm oil and oily Vitamin E were able to protect enamel against the erosive challenge performed in this in vitro study. In addition, vitamin E is probably the key ingredient of palm oil responsible for preventing enamel erosion. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Vitamin E presented similar preventive effect to a commercial mouthwash stannous-containing solution (Elmex® Erosion Protection) against initial erosion and, it can be considered as a promising natural alternative for the formulations of solutions aiming to prevent erosive tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rios
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Boteon
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camilla Cristina Lira Di Leone
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tainara Tonon Castelluccio
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lyrio Mendonça
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Orthodontics and Public Health, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Thiago Saads Carvalho
- Department of Preventive, Restorative and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Berne, Berne, Switzerland
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19
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Uchida Y, Higuchi T, Shirota M, Kagami S, Saigusa D, Koshiba S, Yasuda J, Tamiya G, Kuriyama S, Kinoshita K, Yaegashi N, Yamamoto M, Terasaki T, Sugawara J. Identification and Validation of Combination Plasma Biomarker of Afamin, Fibronectin and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin to Predict Pre-eclampsia. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:804-815. [PMID: 34078812 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to identify a plasma protein biomarker able to predict pre-eclampsia (PE). Comprehensive quantitative proteomics using mass spectrometry with sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra (SWATH-MS) was applied to plasma samples of 7 PE and 14 healthy pregnant women (for PE subjects, plasma samples were taken before onset of PE), and 11 proteins were selected as candidates potentially able to differentiate the two groups. Plasmas collected at gestational weeks 14-24 from 36 PE and 120 healthy pregnant women (for PE subjects, plasma samples were taken before onset of PE) were used to conduct selected reaction monitoring quantification analysis, optimize protein combinations and conduct internal validation, which consisted of 30 iterations of 10-fold cross-validation using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The combination of afamin, fibronectin, and sex-hormone-binding globulin was selected as the best candidate. The 3-protein combination predictive model (predictive equation and cut-off value) generated using the internal validation subjects was successfully validated in another group of validation subjects (36 PE and 54 healthy (for PE subjects, plasma samples were taken before onset of PE)) and showed good predictive performance, with the area under the curve (AUC) 0.835 and odds ratio 13.43. In conclusion, we newly identified a 3-protein combination biomarker and established a predictive equation and cut-off value that can predict the onset of PE based on analysis of plasma samples collected during gestational weeks 14-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Uchida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University
| | | | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Satoshi Kagami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Seizo Koshiba
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Jun Yasuda
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University.,Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Kengo Kinoshita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
| | - Tetsuya Terasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University
| | - Junichi Sugawara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo), Tohoku University.,Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University
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20
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The Physiological Roles of Vitamin E and Hypovitaminosis E in the Transition Period of High-Yielding Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11041088. [PMID: 33920342 PMCID: PMC8070221 DOI: 10.3390/ani11041088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In high-yield cows, most production diseases occur during transition periods. Alpha-tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E, declines in blood and reaches the lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Hypovitaminosis E is associated with the incidence of peripartum diseases. Therefore, many studies which have been published for more than 30 years have investigated the effects of α-tocopherol supplementation. This α-tocopherol deficiency was thought to be caused by complex factors. However, until recently, the physiological factors or pathways underlying hypovitaminosis E in the transition period have been poorly understood. In the last 10 years, the α-tocopherol-related genes expression, which regulate the metabolism, transportation, and tissue distribution of α-tocopherol in humans and rodents, has been reported in ruminant tissues. In this paper, we discuss at least six physiological phenomena that occur during the transition period and may be candidate factors predisposing to a decreased blood α-tocopherol level and hypovitaminosis E with changes in α-tocopherol-related genes expression. Abstract Levels of alpha-tocopherol (α-Toc) decline gradually in blood throughout prepartum, reaching lowest levels (hypovitaminosis E) around calving. Despite numerous reports about the disease risk in hypovitaminosis E and the effect of α-Toc supplementation on the health of transition dairy cows, its risk and supplemental effects are controversial. Here, we present some novel data about the disease risk of hypovitaminosis E and the effects of α-Toc supplementation in transition dairy cows. These data strongly demonstrate that hypovitaminosis E is a risk factor for the occurrence of peripartum disease. Furthermore, a study on the effectiveness of using serum vitamin levels as biomarkers to predict disease in dairy cows was reported, and a rapid field test for measuring vitamin levels was developed. By contrast, evidence for how hypovitaminosis E occurred during the transition period was scarce until the 2010s. Pioneering studies conducted with humans and rodents have identified and characterised some α-Toc-related proteins, molecular players involved in α-Toc regulation followed by a study in ruminants from the 2010s. Based on recent literature, the six physiological factors: (1) the decline in α-Toc intake from the close-up period; (2) changes in the digestive and absorptive functions of α-Toc; (3) the decline in plasma high-density lipoprotein as an α-Toc carrier; (4) increasing oxidative stress and consumption of α-Toc; (5) decreasing hepatic α-Toc transfer to circulation; and (6) increasing mammary α-Toc transfer from blood to colostrum, may be involved in α-Toc deficiency during the transition period. However, the mechanisms and pathways are poorly understood, and further studies are needed to understand the physiological role of α-Toc-related molecules in cattle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying hypovitaminosis E will contribute to the prevention of peripartum disease and high performance in dairy cows.
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21
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Bogdanet D, Reddin C, Murphy D, Doheny HC, Halperin JA, Dunne F, O’Shea PM. Emerging Protein Biomarkers for the Diagnosis or Prediction of Gestational Diabetes-A Scoping Review. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10071533. [PMID: 33917484 PMCID: PMC8038821 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10071533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Gestational diabetes (GDM), defined as hyperglycemia with onset or initial recognition during pregnancy, has a rising prevalence paralleling the rise in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity. GDM is associated with short-term and long-term consequences for both mother and child. Therefore, it is crucial we efficiently identify all cases and initiate early treatment, reducing fetal exposure to hyperglycemia and reducing GDM-related adverse pregnancy outcomes. For this reason, GDM screening is recommended as part of routine pregnancy care. The current screening method, the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), is a lengthy, cumbersome and inconvenient test with poor reproducibility. Newer biomarkers that do not necessitate a fasting sample are needed for the prompt diagnosis of GDM. The aim of this scoping review is to highlight and describe emerging protein biomarkers that fulfill these requirements for the diagnosis of GDM. Materials and Methods: This scoping review was conducted according to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for scoping reviews using Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Embase and Web of Science with a double screening and extraction process. The search included all articles published in the literature to July 2020. Results: Of the 3519 original database citations identified, 385 were eligible for full-text review. Of these, 332 (86.2%) were included in the scoping review providing a total of 589 biomarkers studied in relation to GDM diagnosis. Given the high number of biomarkers identified, three post hoc criteria were introduced to reduce the items set for discussion: we chose only protein biomarkers with at least five citations in the articles identified by our search and published in the years 2017-2020. When applied, these criteria identified a total of 15 biomarkers, which went forward for review and discussion. Conclusions: This review details protein biomarkers that have been studied to find a suitable test for GDM diagnosis with the potential to replace the OGTT used in current GDM screening protocols. Ongoing research efforts will continue to identify more accurate and practical biomarkers to take GDM screening and diagnosis into the 21st century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Bogdanet
- College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +35-38-3102-7771
| | - Catriona Reddin
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Dearbhla Murphy
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Helen C. Doheny
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Jose A. Halperin
- Divisions of Haematology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Fidelma Dunne
- College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, H91TK33 Galway, Ireland;
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
| | - Paula M. O’Shea
- Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Galway University Hospital, Newcastle Road, H91YR71 Galway, Ireland; (C.R.); (D.M.); (H.C.D.); (P.M.O.)
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22
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Nuñez-Calonge R, Cortes S, Caballero Peregrín P, Gutierrez Gonzalez LM, Kireev R. Seminal Plasma and Serum Afamin Levels Are Associated with Infertility in Men with Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1498-1506. [PMID: 33409873 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00436-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The plasma glycoprotein afamin has been previously identified as an alternative carrier protein for vitamin E in extravascular fluids such as plasma and cerebrospinal, ovarian follicular, and seminal fluids. However, to date, no study has established a relationship between afamin levels and infertility in women or men. The purposes of our study were (i) to assess the level of afamin in serum and seminal fluids in infertile men compared to healthy controls and (ii) to study the association between polymorphisms in afamin genes and male infertility. This observational, prospective study evaluated the afamin levels in serum and seminal fluids from infertile men (n = 39) and compared them to those in healthy controls (n = 30). We studied the association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 5`-untranslated region (5`-UTR) of the afamin gene and infertility and analyzed a total of 1000 base pairs from the untranslated region of the afamin gene. Subjects with low sperm motility and low sperm concentration had higher median seminal afamin (18.9 ± 2.9 ng/mg of proteins) and serum afamin concentrations (24.1 ± 4.0 ng/mg of proteins) than subjects with normal sperm parameters (10.6 ± 1.4 ng/mg of proteins) (p < 0.02) (15.6 ± 1.4 ng/mg of proteins) (p < 0.002). A total of five different polymorphisms were found, including one deletion and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A new transversion (A/T) (position 4:73481093) was identified in an oligoasthenoteratozoospermic patient and was associated with high levels of afamin in plasma and seminal fluids. The prevalence of this variant in our study in the case homozygous for TT is 0.985 (98.5%), and in the case heterozygous for TA is 0.015 (1.5%). Our results suggest that genetic variations in afamin might be associated with male infertility. These findings could significantly enhance our understanding of the molecular genetic causes of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Nuñez-Calonge
- International Assisted Reproduction Unit, Madrid, IERA Foundation, Madrid, Avenida General Perón 20, 28020, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Pedro Caballero Peregrín
- International Assisted Reproduction Unit, Madrid, IERA Foundation, Madrid, Avenida General Perón 20, 28020, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Roman Kireev
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute, Vigo, Spain
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23
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Kurdiova T, Balaz M, Kovanicova Z, Zemkova E, Kuzma M, Belan V, Payer J, Gasperikova D, Dieplinger H, Ukropcova B, Ukropec J. Serum Afamin a Novel Marker of Increased Hepatic Lipid Content. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:670425. [PMID: 34603196 PMCID: PMC8481912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.670425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Afamin is a liver-produced glycoprotein, a potential early marker of metabolic syndrome. Here we investigated regulation of afamin in a course of the metabolic disease development and in response to 3-month exercise intervention. METHODS We measured whole-body insulin sensitivity (euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp), glucose tolerance, abdominal adiposity, hepatic lipid content (magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy), habitual physical activity (accelerometers) and serum afamin (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) in 71 middle-aged men with obesity, prediabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Effects of 3-month exercise were investigated in 22 overweight-to-obese middle-aged individuals (16M/6F). RESULTS Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes, but not obesity, were associated with increased serum afamin (p<0.001). Afamin correlated positively with hepatic lipids, fatty liver index and liver damage markers; with parameters of adiposity (waist circumference, %body fat, adipocyte diameter) and insulin resistance (fasting insulin, C-peptide, HOMA-IR; p<0.001 all). Moreover, afamin negatively correlated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (M-value/Insulin, p<0.001). Hepatic lipids and fasting insulinemia were the most important predictors of serum afamin, explaining >63% of its variability. Exercise-related changes in afamin were paralleled by reciprocal changes in insulinemia, insulin resistance and visceral adiposity. No significant change in hepatic lipid content was observed. CONCLUSIONS Subjects with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes had the highest serum afamin levels. Afamin was more tightly related to hepatic lipid accumulation, liver damage and insulin resistance than to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Kurdiova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Kovanicova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Erika Zemkova
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Kuzma
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Juraj Payer
- 5 Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniela Gasperikova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hans Dieplinger
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- *Correspondence: Jozef Ukropec, ; Hans Dieplinger,
| | - Barbara Ukropcova
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Clinical Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Department of Metabolic Disease Research, Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Jozef Ukropec, ; Hans Dieplinger,
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24
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Kaiser K, Bryja V. Choroid Plexus: The Orchestrator of Long-Range Signalling Within the CNS. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4760. [PMID: 32635478 PMCID: PMC7369786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is the liquid that fills the brain ventricles. CSF represents not only a mechanical brain protection but also a rich source of signalling factors modulating diverse processes during brain development and adulthood. The choroid plexus (CP) is a major source of CSF and as such it has recently emerged as an important mediator of extracellular signalling within the brain. Growing interest in the CP revealed its capacity to release a broad variety of bioactive molecules that, via CSF, regulate processes across the whole central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, CP has been also recognized as a sensor, responding to altered composition of CSF associated with changes in the patterns of CNS activity. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in our understanding of the CP as a signalling centre that mediates long-range communication in the CNS. By providing a detailed account of the CP secretory repertoire, we describe how the CP contributes to the regulation of the extracellular environment-in the context of both the embryonal as well as the adult CNS. We highlight the role of the CP as an important regulator of CNS function that acts via CSF-mediated signalling. Further studies of CP-CSF signalling hold the potential to provide key insights into the biology of the CNS, with implications for better understanding and treatment of neuropathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Kaiser
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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25
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Andreeva AM, Toropygin IY, Garina DV, Lamash NE, Vasiliev AS. The Role of High-Density Lipoproteins
in Maintaining Osmotic Homeostasis in the Goldfish Carassius auratus L. (Cyprinidae). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093020020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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26
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Otero-Ramirez ME, Matoba K, Mihara E, Passioura T, Takagi J, Suga H. Macrocyclic peptides that inhibit Wnt signalling via interaction with Wnt3a. RSC Chem Biol 2020; 1:26-34. [PMID: 34458746 PMCID: PMC8382136 DOI: 10.1039/d0cb00016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report de novo macrocyclic peptide binders to Wnt3a, a member of the Wnt protein family. By means of the Random non-standard Peptides Integrated Discovery (RaPID) system, we have performed in vitro selection against the complex of mouse Wnt3a (mWnt3a) with human afamin (hAFM) to discover macrocyclic peptides that bind mWnt3a with K D values as tight as 110 nM. One of these peptides, WAp-D04 (Wnt-AFM-peptide-D04), was able to inhibit the receptor-mediated signaling process, which was demonstrated in a Wnt3a-dependent reporter cell-line. Based on this initial hit, we applied a block-mutagenesis scanning display to identify a mutant inhibitor, WAp-D04-W10P, with 5-fold greater potency in a reporter assay. This work represents the first instance of molecules capable of inhibiting Wnt signaling through direct interaction with a Wnt protein, a molecular class for which targeting has been challenging due its highly hydrophobic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel E Otero-Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Kyoko Matoba
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Emiko Mihara
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toby Passioura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan .,Sydney Analytical, School of Chemistry and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia
| | - Junichi Takagi
- Laboratory of Protein Synthesis and Expression, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University 3-2 Yamadaoka Suita-shi Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Suga
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
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27
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Clark KL, Keating AF. Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated coordinates the ovarian DNA repair and atresia-initiating response to phosphoramide mustard. Biol Reprod 2020; 102:248-260. [PMID: 31435664 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) protein recognizes and repairs DNA double strand breaks through activation of cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair proteins. Atm gene mutations increase female reproductive cancer risk. Phosphoramide mustard (PM) induces ovarian DNA damage and destroys primordial follicles, and pharmacological ATM inhibition prevents PM-induced follicular depletion. Wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 or Atm+/- mice were dosed once intraperitoneally with sesame oil (95%) or PM (25 mg/kg) in the proestrus phase of the estrous cycle and ovaries harvested 3 days thereafter. Atm+/- mice spent ~25% more time in diestrus phase than WT. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) on ovarian protein was performed and bioinformatically analyzed. Relative to WT, Atm+/- mice had 64 and 243 proteins increased or decreased in abundance, respectively. In WT mice, PM increased 162 and decreased 20 proteins. In Atm+/- mice, 173 and 37 proteins were increased and decreased, respectively, by PM. Exportin-2 (XPO2) was localized to granulosa cells of all follicle stages and was 7.2-fold greater in Atm+/- than WT mice. Cytoplasmic FMR1-interacting protein 1 was 6.8-fold lower in Atm+/- mice and was located in the surface epithelium with apparent translocation to the ovarian medulla post-PM exposure. PM induced γH2AX, but fewer γH2AX-positive foci were identified in Atm+/- ovaries. Similarly, cleaved caspase-3 was lower in the Atm+/- PM-treated, relative to WT mice. These findings support ATM involvement in ovarian DNA repair and suggest that ATM functions to regulate ovarian atresia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra L Clark
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
| | - Aileen F Keating
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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28
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Naschberger A, Juyoux P, von Velsen J, Rupp B, Bowler MW. Controlled dehydration, structural flexibility and gadolinium MRI contrast compound binding in the human plasma glycoprotein afamin. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2019; 75:1071-1083. [PMID: 31793901 PMCID: PMC6889915 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798319013500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Afamin, which is a human blood plasma glycoprotein, a putative multifunctional transporter of hydrophobic molecules and a marker for metabolic syndrome, poses multiple challenges for crystallographic structure determination, both practically and in analysis of the models. Several hundred crystals were analysed, and an unusual variability in cell volume and difficulty in solving the structure despite an ∼34% sequence identity with nonglycosylated human serum albumin indicated that the molecule exhibits variable and context-sensitive packing, despite the simplified glycosylation in insect cell-expressed recombinant afamin. Controlled dehydration of the crystals was able to stabilize the orthorhombic crystal form, reducing the number of molecules in the asymmetric unit from the monoclinic form and changing the conformational state of the protein. An iterative strategy using fully automatic experiments available on MASSIF-1 was used to quickly determine the optimal protocol to achieve the phase transition, which should be readily applicable to many types of sample. The study also highlights the drawback of using a single crystallographic structure model for computational modelling purposes given that the conformational state of the binding sites and the electron density in the binding site, which is likely to result from PEGs, greatly varies between models. This also holds for the analysis of nonspecific low-affinity ligands, where often a variety of fragments with similar uncertainty can be modelled, inviting interpretative bias. As a promiscuous transporter, afamin also seems to bind gadoteridol, a magnetic resonance imaging contrast compound, in at least two sites. One pair of gadoteridol molecules is located near the human albumin Sudlow site, and a second gadoteridol molecule is located at an intermolecular site in proximity to domain IA. The data from the co-crystals support modern metrics of data quality in the context of the information that can be gleaned from data sets that would be abandoned on classical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Naschberger
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Pauline Juyoux
- Grenoble Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Jill von Velsen
- Grenoble Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Bernhard Rupp
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University Innsbruck, Schöpfstrasse 41, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- C.V.M.O., k. k. Hofkristallamt, 991 Audrey Place, Vista, California, USA
| | - Matthew W. Bowler
- Grenoble Outstation, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
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29
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Zasada M, Suski M, Bokiniec R, Szwarc-Duma M, Borszewska-Kornacka MK, Madej J, Bujak-Giżycka B, Madetko-Talowska A, Revhaug C, Baumbusch LO, Saugstad OD, Pietrzyk JJ, Kwinta P. Comparative two time-point proteome analysis of the plasma from preterm infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:112. [PMID: 31445514 PMCID: PMC6708124 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0676-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to analyze differences in plasma protein abundances between infants with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), to add new insights into a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease. Methods Cord and peripheral blood of neonates (≤ 30 weeks gestational age) was drawn at birth and at the 36th postmenstrual week (36 PMA), respectively. Blood samples were retrospectively subdivided into BPD(+) and BPD(−) groups, according to the development of BPD. Results Children with BPD were characterized by decreased afamin, gelsolin and carboxypeptidase N subunit 2 levels in cord blood, and decreased galectin-3 binding protein and hemoglobin subunit gamma-1 levels, as well as an increased serotransferrin abundance in plasma at the 36 PMA. Conclusions BPD development is associated with the plasma proteome changes in preterm infants, adding further evidence for the possible involvement of disturbances in vitamin E availability and impaired immunological processes in the progression of prematurity pulmonary complications. Moreover, it also points to the differences in proteins related to infection resistance and maintaining an adequate level of hematocrit in infants diagnosed with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zasada
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Maciej Suski
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Renata Bokiniec
- Neonatal and Intensive Care Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Szwarc-Duma
- Neonatal and Intensive Care Department, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Józef Madej
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Beata Bujak-Giżycka
- Chair of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Madetko-Talowska
- Department of Medical Genetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Cecilie Revhaug
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars O Baumbusch
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ola D Saugstad
- Department of Pediatric Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. .,University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jacek Józef Pietrzyk
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Przemko Kwinta
- Department of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
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Köninger A, Iannaccone A, Hajder E, Frank M, Schmidt B, Schleussner E, Kimmig R, Gellhaus A, Dieplinger H. Afamin predicts gestational diabetes in polycystic ovary syndrome patients preconceptionally. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:616-624. [PMID: 30991357 PMCID: PMC6510713 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are often insulin resistant and at elevated risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The aim of this study was to explore afamin, which can be determined preconceptionally to indicate patients who will subsequently develop GDM. Serum concentrations of afamin are altered in conditions of oxidative stress like insulin resistance (IR) and correlate with the gold standard of IR determination, the HOMA index. METHODS Afamin serum concentrations and the HOMA index were analyzed post hoc in 63 PCOS patients with live births. Patients were treated at Essen University Hospital, Germany, between 2009 and 2018. Mann-Whitney U test, T test, Spearman's correlation, linear regression models and receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed for statistical analysis. RESULTS Patients who developed GDM showed significantly higher HOMA and serum afamin values before their pregnancy (P < 0.001, respectively). ROCs for afamin concentrations showed an area under the curve of 0.78 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-0.90) and of 0.77 (95% CI 0.64-0.89) for the HOMA index. An afamin threshold of 88.6 mg/L distinguished between women who will develop GDM and those who will not with a sensitivity of 79.3% and a specificity of 79.4%. A HOMA index of 2.5 showed a sensitivity of 65.5% and a specificity of 88.2%. CONCLUSION The HOMA index and its surrogate parameter afamin are able to identify pre-pregnant PCOS patients who are at risk to develop GDM. Serum afamin concentrations are independent of fasting status and therefore an easily determinable biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Köninger
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Antonella Iannaccone
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ensar Hajder
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Frank
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Boerge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Rainer Kimmig
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexandra Gellhaus
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hans Dieplinger
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence should be addressed to H Dieplinger:
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Pérez-Peinado C, Defaus S, Sans-Comerma L, Valle J, Andreu D. Decoding the human serum interactome of snake-derived antimicrobial peptide Ctn[15-34]: Toward an explanation for unusually long half-life. J Proteomics 2019; 204:103372. [PMID: 31051282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inherent propensity to enzymatic degradation of most peptides remains a bottleneck in their therapeutic development. Efficient, early screening methods are necessary for in vitro characterization of the molecular events occurring when peptides get in contact with biological fluids such us plasma. Herein we present an affinity purification/MS approach for mapping peptide serum interactors. We have applied this methodology to identify the serum partners of antibiotic peptide Ctn [15-34], aiming to ascertain the molecular interactions underlying its unusually long half-life (~ 12 h) in human serum. From 42 proteins captured in pull-downs with biotinylated Ctn [15-34] as bait, five are of special interest for their transport/binding properties hence alleged peptide arresting potential. The subset contains two members of the albumin superfamily, two apolipoproteins and a globulin. All five share a binding ability for hydrophobic species, and also bind Ctn [15-34], presumably via its C-terminal hydrophobic section, with affinities in the μM range as shown by surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, our functional enrichment reveals several significant immune-related processes suggesting an immunomodulatory role of Ctn [15-34]. Taken together, this study exemplifies how pharmacoproteomics can be used to analyze bioavailability issues and shed light on the serum interactors ultimately conferring protection to Ctn [15-34] against proteolytic events. SIGNIFICANCE: The affinity purification/MS identification methodology reported here can be viewed as a routine pharmacoproteomic approach to investigate the serum interactome of peptide drugs, identifying proteins affecting bioavailability and thus assisting the peptide drug development process. The specific results described here enlighten the serum stability issues of peptide Ctn [15-34] and ratify its promising future as an anti-infective lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Pérez-Peinado
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sira Defaus
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Sans-Comerma
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Valle
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Andreu
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park, 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
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Pang L, Duan N, Xu D, Jiao L, Huang C, Du J, Guo Q, Li H. Urine afamin and afamin-creatinine ratio as biomarkers for kidney injury. Biomark Med 2018; 12:1241-1249. [PMID: 30433819 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2018-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to evaluate the urine afamin (uAFM) and afamin-creatinine ratio (AfCR) levels in patients with glomerulonephritis. PATIENTS & METHODS We determined uAFM and AfCR of 247 healthy volunteers and 129 biopsy-proven glomerulonephritis patients. RESULTS Analytical evaluation study revealed the assay is a reliable and robust test for measuring uAFM. For reference intervals, uAFM and AfCR values were different significantly between males and females. uAFM and AfCR levels were significantly increased in patients with primary membranous nephropathy, IgA nephropathy and minimal change disease compared with healthy volunteers. uAFM and AfCR were positively correlated with urine albumin and albumin-creatinine ratio, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that uAFM and AfCR may be attractive biomarkers for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Pang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nan Duan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lili Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chenwei Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jialin Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
| | - Haixia Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, PR China
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Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertensive disorders such as preeclampsia (PE) and associated with the human vitamin E-binding protein afamin. The aim of this study was, therefore, to analyse afamin in the first trimester of patients developing PE later in pregnancy and in control subjects without pregnancy complications. Methods In this retrospective study, 137 serum samples from the first trimester of pregnancy were analysed in a case–control study design. 39 patients developed PE (10 patients with early-onset and 29 patients with late onset disease) and 98 women had an uncomplicated pregnancy. Mann–Whitney U test, t test, logistic regression and ROC analyses were performed for statistical evaluation. Results Pregnant women developing PE presented with higher afamin concentrations in the first trimester [median 101.81 mg/L; interquartile range (IQR) 88.94–113.26] compared to subjects with uncomplicated pregnancy (median 86.40; IQR 75.26–96.92; p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratio per afamin standard deviation was 1.60 (95% CI: 1.04–2.58; p = 0.04). An afamin threshold concentration of 87.8 mg/L exhibited the best sensitivity (79.5%) and specificity (57.1%) in predicting PE. Subgroup analysis of early- and late-onset disease resulted in substantially higher afamin concentrations in women with developing late-onset PE compared to controls (p < 0.001) with an odds ratio per afamin standard deviation of 1.62 (95% CI: 0.98–2.70; p = 0.06). Conclusions Serum afamin concentrations are elevated in the first trimester among patients developing PE compared to controls. Substantial differences were observed mainly among patients with late-onset PE.
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34
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The detection of age-, gender-, and region-specific changes in mouse brain tocopherol levels via the application of different validated HPLC methods. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:2081-2091. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Varga VE, Lőrincz H, Szentpéteri A, Juhász L, Seres I, Paragh G, Balla J, Paragh G, Harangi M. Changes in serum afamin and vitamin E levels after selective LDL apheresis. J Clin Apher 2018; 33:569-575. [PMID: 30247793 DOI: 10.1002/jca.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Afamin is a plasma vitamin E-binding glycoprotein partially associated with ApoA1-containing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions. In a previous study, the serum vitamin E decreased after low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis, while vitamin E/cholesterol ratio increased. We aimed to study the effect of LDL apheresis on serum afamin level. METHODS The serum level of afamin and oxidized LDL were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in six severe heterozygous FH patients before and after their first LDL apheresis treatments and in seven healthy controls. We also investigated the changes in total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, ApoB, ApoA1, HDL subfractions, and α- and γ-tocopherol levels during the treatment. HDL subfractions were detected by an electrophoretic method on polyacrylamide gel (Lipoprint). Serum α- and γ-tocopherol levels were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The first treatment sessions decreased serum afamin levels by an average of 9.4%. Total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and ApoA1 levels decreased by 52.6; 61.8; 10.5; and 14.1%, respectively. We found that α- and γ-tocopherol levels markedly decreased (by 34.1 and 32.9%, respectively), while α- tocopherol/cholesterol and γ-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios significantly increased (by 41.4 and 40.3%, respectively). Oxidized LDL levels significantly decreased. There was a shift toward the larger HDL subfractions. CONCLUSION LDL apheresis moderately decreases the circulating levels of afamin parallel to lowering HDL-C and ApoA1 levels. Tocopherol levels decreases markedly compared to afamin levels, however, beneficial changes in vitamin E/cholesterol ratios, oxidized LDL levels and HDL subfraction distribution were detected. These additional effects of LDL apheresis may result in further cardiovascular risk reduction in FH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktória E Varga
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Hajnalka Lőrincz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Szentpéteri
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lilla Juhász
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Seres
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - József Balla
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Paragh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Mariann Harangi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Debrecen Faculty of Medicine, Debrecen, Hungary
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Altamirano A, Naschberger A, Fürnrohr BG, Saldova R, Struwe WB, Jennings PM, Millán Martín S, Malic S, Plangger I, Lechner S, Pisano R, Peretti N, Linke B, Aguiar MM, Fresser F, Ritsch A, Lenac Rovis T, Goode C, Rudd PM, Scheffzek K, Rupp B, Dieplinger H. Expression, Purification, and Biochemical Characterization of Human Afamin. J Proteome Res 2018; 17:1269-1277. [PMID: 29441788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Afamin is an 87 kDa glycoprotein with five predicted N-glycosylation sites. Afamin's glycan abundance contributes to conformational and chemical inhomogeneity presenting great challenges for molecular structure determination. For the purpose of studying the structure of afamin, various forms of recombinantly expressed human afamin (rhAFM) with different glycosylation patterns were thus created. Wild-type rhAFM and various hypoglycosylated forms were expressed in CHO, CHO-Lec1, and HEK293T cells. Fully nonglycosylated rhAFM was obtained by transfection of point-mutated cDNA to delete all N-glycosylation sites of afamin. Wild-type and hypo/nonglycosylated rhAFM were purified from cell culture supernatants by immobilized metal ion affinity and size exclusion chromatography. Glycan analysis of purified proteins demonstrated differences in micro- and macro-heterogeneity of glycosylation enabling the comparison between hypoglycosylated, wild-type rhAFM, and native plasma afamin. Because antibody fragments can work as artificial chaperones by stabilizing the structure of proteins and consequently enhance the chance for successful crystallization, we incubated a Fab fragment of the monoclonal anti-afamin antibody N14 with human afamin and obtained a stoichiometric complex. Subsequent results showed sufficient expression of various partially or nonglycosylated forms of rhAFM in HEK293T and CHO cells and revealed that glycosylation is not necessary for expression and secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Weston B Struwe
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick M Jennings
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Millán Martín
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training , Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzana Malic
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tihana Lenac Rovis
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Pauline M Rudd
- NIBRT GlycoScience Group, National Institute for Bioprocessing Research & Training , Dublin, Ireland
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Tramontana A, Dieplinger B, Stangl G, Hafner E, Dieplinger H. First trimester serum afamin concentrations are associated with the development of pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 476:160-166. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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38
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Naschberger A, Orry A, Lechner S, Bowler MW, Nurizzo D, Novokmet M, Keller MA, Oemer G, Seppi D, Haslbeck M, Pansi K, Dieplinger H, Rupp B. Structural Evidence for a Role of the Multi-functional Human Glycoprotein Afamin in Wnt Transport. Structure 2017; 25:1907-1915.e5. [PMID: 29153507 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Afamin, a human plasma glycoprotein and putative transporter of hydrophobic molecules, has been shown to act as extracellular chaperone for poorly soluble, acylated Wnt proteins, forming a stable, soluble complex with functioning Wnt proteins. The 2.1-Å crystal structure of glycosylated human afamin reveals an almost exclusively hydrophobic binding cleft capable of harboring large hydrophobic moieties. Lipid analysis confirms the presence of lipids, and density in the primary binding pocket of afamin was modeled as palmitoleic acid, presenting the native O-acylation on serine 209 in human Wnt3a. The modeled complex between the experimental afamin structure and a Wnt3a homology model based on the XWnt8-Fz8-CRD fragment complex crystal structure is compelling, with favorable interactions comparable with the crystal structure complex. Afamin readily accommodates the conserved palmitoylated serine 209 of Wnt3a, providing a structural basis how afamin solubilizes hydrophobic and poorly soluble Wnt proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Naschberger
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; Division of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Andrew Orry
- MolSoft LLC, 11199 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Stefan Lechner
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthew W Bowler
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Didier Nurizzo
- Structural Biology Group, ESRF, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Mislav Novokmet
- Genos, Glycoscience Laboratory, Hondlova 2/11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Markus A Keller
- Division of Human Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Straße 1, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor Oemer
- Genos, Glycoscience Laboratory, Hondlova 2/11, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniele Seppi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Haslbeck
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstraße 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Kathrin Pansi
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Dieplinger
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Rupp
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Schöpfstraße 41, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; k.-k. Hofkristallamt, San Diego, CA 92084, USA.
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Kollerits B, Lamina C, Huth C, Marques-Vidal P, Kiechl S, Seppälä I, Cooper J, Hunt SC, Meisinger C, Herder C, Kedenko L, Willeit J, Thorand B, Dähnhardt D, Stöckl D, Willeit K, Roden M, Rathmann W, Paulweber B, Peters A, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Raitakari OT, Humphries SE, Vollenweider P, Dieplinger H, Kronenberg F. Plasma Concentrations of Afamin Are Associated With Prevalent and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: A Pooled Analysis in More Than 20,000 Individuals. Diabetes Care 2017; 40:1386-1393. [PMID: 28877915 DOI: 10.2337/dc17-0201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human vitamin E-binding glycoprotein afamin is primarily expressed in the liver and has been associated with prevalent and incident metabolic syndrome. These data were in line with observations in transgenic mice. We thus investigated whether afamin concentrations are associated with prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Individual-level baseline (n = 20,136) and follow-up data (n = 14,017) of eight prospective cohort studies were investigated. Study-level data were combined using random-effects meta-analyses. Main outcomes were prevalent and incident type 2 diabetes, prediabetes, and IR. Discrimination and reclassification of participants was analyzed for incident type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Mean afamin concentrations between studies ranged from 61 to 73 mg/L. The eight studies included 1,398 prevalent and 585 incident cases of type 2 diabetes. Each increase of afamin by 10 mg/L was associated with prevalent type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 1.19 [95% CI 1.12-1.26], P = 5.96 × 10-8). Afamin was positively associated with IR assessed by HOMA-IR (β 0.110 [95% CI 0.089-0.132], P = 1.37 × 10-23). Most importantly, afamin measured at baseline was an independent predictor for 585 incident cases of type 2 diabetes (OR 1.30 [95% CI 1.23-1.38], P = 3.53 × 10-19) and showed a significant and valuable gain in risk classification accuracy when added to this extended adjustment model. CONCLUSIONS This pooled analysis in >20,000 individuals showed that afamin is strongly associated with IR, prevalence, and incidence of type 2 diabetes independent of major metabolic risk factors or parameters. Afamin might be a promising novel marker for the identification of individuals at high risk for the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Kollerits
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cornelia Huth
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Kiechl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilkka Seppälä
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jackie Cooper
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Cardiovascular Genetics Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT.,Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ludmilla Kedenko
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Johann Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Doreen Dähnhardt
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Doris Stöckl
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bernhard Paulweber
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Clinical Chemistry, University of Tampere School of Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.,Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Steve E Humphries
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, British Heart Foundation Laboratories, University College London, London, U.K
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Hans Dieplinger
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Vitateq Biotechnology GmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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40
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Plasma biomarker proteins for detection of human growth hormone administration in athletes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10039. [PMID: 28855568 PMCID: PMC5577294 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Human growth hormone (GH) is a naturally occurring hormone secreted by the pituitary gland with anabolic and growth-promoting activities. Since an increased availability of recombinant GH (rGH) for the treatment of GH-deficient patients, GH has been abused in sports and it is prohibited. "GH-isoform" and "biomarkers" tests are currently available for detection of GH abuse in sports, however both methods suffer from shortcomings. Here, we report on a proteomic approach to search for novel protein biomarkers associated with rGH administration in non-elite athletes. In this study, participants received either placebo or rGH for 8 weeks, and were followed over a 6-week washout period. We used 2-D DIGE and iTRAQ LC-MS/MS analyses to expose rGH-dependent marker proteins. Eight rGH-dependent plasma proteins namely apolipoproptein-L1, alpha-HS-glycoprotein, vitamin D-binding protein, afamin, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-3, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-ALS, lumican and extracellular matrix proteins 1 were identified. Apolipoprotein L1 and alpha-HS-glycoprotein were validated by Western blots to confirm their identities and expression patterns in rGH- and placebo-treated subject cohorts. Independent confirmation of these putative GH-responsive biomarkers would be of value for clinical practices and may have sports anti-doping utility.
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Li S, Cao Y, Geng F. Genome-Wide Identification and Comparative Analysis of Albumin Family in Vertebrates. Evol Bioinform Online 2017; 13:1176934317716089. [PMID: 28680266 PMCID: PMC5480655 DOI: 10.1177/1176934317716089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Albumins are the most well-known globular proteins, and the most typical representatives are the serum albumins. However, less attention was paid to the albumin family, except for the human and bovine serum albumin. To characterize the features of albumin family, we have mined all the putative albumin proteins from the available genome sequences. The results showed that albumin is widely distributed in vertebrates, but not present in the bacteria and archaea. The phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate albumin family implied an evolutionary relationship between members of serum albumin, α-fetoprotein, vitamin D–binding protein, and afamin. Meanwhile, a new member from the albumin family was found, namely, extracellular matrix protein 1. The structural analysis revealed that the motifs for forming the internal disulfide bonds are highly conserved in the albumin family, despite the low overall sequence identity across the family. The domain arrangement of albumin proteins indicated that most of vertebrate albumins contain 3 characteristic domains, arising from 2 evolutionary patterns. And a significant trend has been observed that the albumin proteins in higher vertebrate species tend to possess more characteristic domains. This study has provided the fundamental information required for achieving a better understanding of the albumin distribution, phylogenetic relationship, characteristic motif, structure, and new insights into the evolutionary pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shugang Li
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering, Ministry of Education; Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology; Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Industrial Fermentation; Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Fang Geng
- College of Pharmacy and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P.R. China
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Shen CT, Wei WJ, Qiu ZL, Song HJ, Luo QY. Afamin promotes glucose metabolism in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 434:108-15. [PMID: 27329154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Circulating afamin (AFM) concentrations have been investigated as a tumor biomarker in various types of carcinomas. However, suitable cell lines expressing human afamin have not yet been reported and current knowledge of the functions of afamin, particularly at the mechanistic molecular level, is very limited. In the current study, thyroid cancer cell lines 8505c and K1 were used to investigate the potential functions of afamin. AFM over-expression models and vector controls of 8505c (8505c + AFM and 8505c + NC) and K1 (K1 + AFM and K1 + NC) were successfully established by Lenti-LV5-AFM and Lenti-LV5-NC transfection. The change of gene expression was detected by qRT-PCR and western blotting analysis. (18)F-FDG imaging in xenografts model was performed using a micro PET/CT. We found that protein level of GAPDH, GLUT1, HK2, p-AKT, AKT, p-mTOR and PARP1 were up-regulated in K1 + AFM cells when compared to K1 and K1 + NC. While in 8505c, 8505c + NC and 8505c cells, the expression level of these genes were not significantly changed. (18)F-FDG uptake was much higher in K1 + AFM cells when compared to K1 and K1 + NC in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, afamin could promote glycometabolism by up-regulating the glucose metabolism key enzymes in papillary thyroid carcinoma. These findings reveal new clues of the molecular function of AFM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Tian Shen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Wei-Jun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Zhong-Ling Qiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, PR China.
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Hauenschild T, Reichenwallner J, Enkelmann V, Hinderberger D. Characterizing Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Binding to Human Serum Albumin by Spin-Labeling and EPR Spectroscopy. Chemistry 2016; 22:12825-38. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Hauenschild
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Institute of Chemistry; Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jörg Reichenwallner
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Institute of Chemistry; Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Volker Enkelmann
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Dariush Hinderberger
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg; Institute of Chemistry; Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4 06120 Halle (Saale) Germany
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Duan L, Yan Y, Liu J, Wang B, Li P, Hu Q, Chen W. Target delivery of small interfering RNAs with vitamin E-coupled nanoparticles for treating hepatitis C. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24867. [PMID: 27113197 PMCID: PMC4845054 DOI: 10.1038/srep24867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising strategy for the treatment of HCV infection. However, the development of an effective system for in vivo delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target organ remains a formidable challenge. Here, we develop a unique nanoparticle platform (VE-DC) composed of α-tocopherol (vitamin E) and cholesterol-based cationic liposomes (DOTAP-Chol) for systemic delivery of siRNAs to the liver. A HCV-replicable cell line, Huh7.5.1-HCV, and a transient HCV core expressing cell line, Huh7.5.1-Core, were constructed and used to assess the in vitro anti-HCV activity of VE-DC/siRNAs. A transient in vivo HCV model was also constructed by hydrodynamic injection of pCDNA3.1(+)-3FLAG-Core (pCore-3FLAG) plasmid expressing core protein or pGL3-5′UTR-luciferase (pGL3-5′UTR-luc) plasmid expressing luciferase driven by HCV 5′UTR. Nanoscale VE-DC/siRNA was intravenously injected to assess the liver-targeting property as well as antiviral activity. The nanoscale VE-DC effectively exerted an anti-HCV activity in the in vitro cell models. Post-administration of VE-DC/siRNAs also effectively delivered siRNAs to the liver, suppressing core protein production and firefly luciferase activity, without inducing an innate immunity response or off-target and toxicity effects. The VE-DC platform has high potential as a vehicle for delivery of siRNAs to the liver for gene therapy for targeting hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Duan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Jingyi Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Pu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Weixian Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Takitani K, Inoue K, Koh M, Miyazaki H, Kishi K, Inoue A, Tamai H. α-Tocopherol status and altered expression of α-tocopherol-related proteins in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rat models. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2016; 60:380-6. [PMID: 25866300 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.60.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E plays a critical role as an antioxidant in several pathological conditions, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders. Diabetes is a metabolic disorder of glucose due to the lack of adequate insulin production (type 1) or peripheral insulin resistance (type 2). Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The purpose of the present study was to determine α-tocopherol status and the expression of α-tocopherol-related proteins, including binding proteins and metabolizing enzymes, under streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetes in rat models. In STZ rats, plasma α-tocopherol levels decreased compared to the control rats, whereas hepatic α-tocopherol levels in the STZ rats were significantly increased. CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene expression in the liver of STZ rats was markedly decreased, whereas Mn-SOD gene expression remained unaltered. Accelerated lipid peroxidation in the liver of STZ rats was observed and the hepatic expression of α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) in STZ rats decreased compared to that in the controls. The hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 4F2 (CYP4F2) and CYP3A2 genes in STZ rats also decreased. The reduced expression of hepatic α-TTP and CYP4F2 genes probably leads to decreased plasma α-tocopherol levels and elevated α-tocopherol levels in the liver of STZ rats. The altered expression of hepatic α-tocopherol-related proteins might regulate α-tocopherol status in type 1 diabetes. Determining the mechanism of modulating α-tocopherol status may be helpful in promoting antioxidant therapy in diabetes.
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Schmölz L, Birringer M, Lorkowski S, Wallert M. Complexity of vitamin E metabolism. World J Biol Chem 2016; 7:14-43. [PMID: 26981194 PMCID: PMC4768118 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v7.i1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioavailability of vitamin E is influenced by several factors, most are highlighted in this review. While gender, age and genetic constitution influence vitamin E bioavailability but cannot be modified, life-style and intake of vitamin E can be. Numerous factors must be taken into account however, i.e., when vitamin E is orally administrated, the food matrix may contain competing nutrients. The complex metabolic processes comprise intestinal absorption, vascular transport, hepatic sorting by intracellular binding proteins, such as the significant α-tocopherol-transfer protein, and hepatic metabolism. The coordinated changes involved in the hepatic metabolism of vitamin E provide an effective physiological pathway to protect tissues against the excessive accumulation of, in particular, non-α-tocopherol forms. Metabolism of vitamin E begins with one cycle of CYP4F2/CYP3A4-dependent ω-hydroxylation followed by five cycles of subsequent β-oxidation, and forms the water-soluble end-product carboxyethylhydroxychroman. All known hepatic metabolites can be conjugated and are excreted, depending on the length of their side-chain, either via urine or feces. The physiological handling of vitamin E underlies kinetics which vary between the different vitamin E forms. Here, saturation of the side-chain and also substitution of the chromanol ring system are important. Most of the metabolic reactions and processes that are involved with vitamin E are also shared by other fat soluble vitamins. Influencing interactions with other nutrients such as vitamin K or pharmaceuticals are also covered by this review. All these processes modulate the formation of vitamin E metabolites and their concentrations in tissues and body fluids. Differences in metabolism might be responsible for the discrepancies that have been observed in studies performed in vivo and in vitro using vitamin E as a supplement or nutrient. To evaluate individual vitamin E status, the analytical procedures used for detecting and quantifying vitamin E and its metabolites are crucial. The latest methods in analytics are presented.
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West KP, Cole RN, Shrestha S, Schulze KJ, Lee SE, Betz J, Nonyane BAS, Wu LSF, Yager JD, Groopman JD, Christian P. A Plasma α-Tocopherome Can Be Identified from Proteins Associated with Vitamin E Status in School-Aged Children of Nepal. J Nutr 2015; 145:2646-56. [PMID: 26446483 PMCID: PMC6619677 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.210682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The term vitamin E describes a family of 8 vitamers, 1 of which is α-tocopherol, that is essential for human health. Vitamin E status remains largely unknown in low-income countries because of the complexity and cost of measurement. Quantitative proteomics may offer an approach for identifying plasma proteins for assessing vitamin E status in these populations. OBJECTIVE To improve options for vitamin E status assessment, we sought to detect and quantify a set of plasma proteins associated with α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations in a cohort of 500 rural Nepalese children aged 6-8 y and, based on nutrient-protein associations, to predict the prevalence of vitamin E deficiency (α-tocopherol <12 μmol/L). METHODS Study children were born to mothers enrolled in an earlier antenatal micronutrient trial in Sarlahi District, Nepal. Plasma α- and γ-tocopherol concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Plasma aliquots were depleted of 6 high-abundance proteins, digested with trypsin, labeled with isobaric mass tags, and assessed for relative protein abundance by tandem mass spectrometry. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the association between α-tocopherol status and relative protein abundance and to predict deficiency. RESULTS We quantified 982 plasma proteins in >10% of all child samples, of which 119 correlated with α-tocopherol (false discovery rate, q < 0.10). Proteins were primarily involved in lipid transport, coagulation, repair, innate host defenses, neural function, and homeostasis. Six proteins [apolipoprotein (apo)C-III; apoB; pyruvate kinase, muscle; forkhead box 04; unc5 homolog C; and regulator of G-protein signaling 8] explained 71% of the variability in plasma α-tocopherol, predicting an in-sample population prevalence of vitamin E deficiency of 51.4% (95% CI: 46.4%, 56.3%) compared with a measured prevalence of 54.8%. Plasma γ-tocopherol was associated with 12 proteins (q < 0.10), 2 of which (apoC-III and Misato 1) explained 20% of its variability. CONCLUSIONS In this undernourished population of children in South Asia, quantitative proteomics identified a large plasma α-tocopherome from which 6 proteins predicted the prevalence of vitamin E deficiency. The findings illustrate that protein biomarkers, once absolutely quantified, can potentially predict micronutrient deficiencies in populations. The maternal micronutrient supplementation trial from which data were derived as a follow-up activity was registered with clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00115271.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Mass
Spectrometry and Proteomics Facility, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sudeep Shrestha
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kerry J Schulze
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Sun Eun Lee
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Joshua Betz
- Departments of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of
Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Bareng AS Nonyane
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lee S-F Wu
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - James D Yager
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Human Nutrition,
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - John D Groopman
- Departments of Environmental Health Sciences, Center for Human Nutrition,
Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Parul Christian
- Departments of International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg
School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
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Jaros JA, Rahmoune H, Wesseling H, Leweke FM, Ozcan S, Guest PC, Bahn S. Effects of olanzapine on serum protein phosphorylation patterns in patients with schizophrenia. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:907-16. [PMID: 25821032 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have shown that blood serum phosphoproteins are altered in schizophrenia patients in comparison to controls. However, it is not known whether phosphoproteins are also changed in response to treatment with antipsychotics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Blood samples were taken from patients (n = 23) at baseline and after 6 weeks of olanzapine treatment. Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) was used for enrichment of serum phosphoproteins and these were analyzed by label-free LC-MS in expression mode (LC-MS(E) ). RESULTS We identified 11 proteins that were changed significantly in overall abundance and 45 proteins that showed changes in phosphorylation after the antipsychotic treatment. The altered phosphoproteins were mainly involved in the acute phase response, lipid and glucose homeostasis (LXR), retinoic acid signaling (RXR), and complement pathways. Some of the proteins showed a marked increase in phosphorylation, including apolipoprotein A-I (3.4-fold), alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin (3.1-fold), and apolipoprotein B-100 (2.2-fold). In addition, several proteins showed either decreased phosphorylation (e.g. complement C4A, collagen alpha-1 chain, complement factor H) or a mixture of increased and decreased phoshphorylation (e.g. afamin, complement C5, complement factor B). Finally, 24 of the altered phosphoproteins showed opposite directional changes in a comparison of baseline schizophrenia patients before and after treatment with olanzapine. These included alpha-1B-glycoprotein, apolipoprotein A-IV, vitamin D-binding protein, and prothrombin. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data demonstrate the potential for future studies of serum phosphoproteins as a readout of physiological function and might have utility in studies aimed at identification of biomarkers for drug response prediction or monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian A Jaros
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Novartis Institutes of Biomedical Research (NIBR), Novartis Campus, Fabrikstrasse, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hendrik Wesseling
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F Markus Leweke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Sureyya Ozcan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Kronenberg F, Dieplinger H. Afamin is a promising novel marker for metabolic syndrome and related diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.15.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Afamin--A pleiotropic glycoprotein involved in various disease states. Clin Chim Acta 2015; 446:105-10. [PMID: 25892677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human glycoprotein afamin was discovered as the fourth member of the albumin gene family. Despite intense research over the last 20 years, our knowledge of afamin's physiological or pathophysiological functions is still very limited. Circulating afamin is primarily of hepatic origin and abundant concentrations are found in plasma, cerebrospinal, ovarian follicular and seminal fluids. In vitro binding studies revealed specific binding properties for vitamin E. A previously performed analytical characterization and clinical evaluation study of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative measurement of afamin in human plasma demonstrated that the afamin assay meets the quality specifications for laboratory medicine. Comparative proteomics has identified afamin as a potential biomarker for ovarian cancer and these findings were confirmed by quantitative immunoassay of afamin and validated in independent cohorts of patients with ovarian cancer. Afamin has also been investigated in other types of carcinoma. Most of these studies await further evaluation with validated quantitative afamin assays and require validation in larger patient cohorts. Transgenic mice overexpressing the human afamin gene revealed increased body weight and increased blood concentrations of lipids and glucose. These transgenic mouse data were in line with three large human population-based studies showing that afamin is strongly associated with the prevalence and development of the metabolic syndrome. This review summarizes and discusses the molecular, biochemical and analytical characterization of afamin as well as possible clinical applications of afamin measurement.
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