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Sun J, Dai L, Lv K, Wen Z, Li Y, Yang D, Yan H, Liu X, Liu C, Li MC. Recent advances in nanomaterial-stabilized pickering foam: Mechanism, classification, properties, and applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103177. [PMID: 38759448 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Pickering foam is a type of foam stabilized by solid particles known as Pickering stabilizers. These solid stabilizers adsorb at the liquid-gas interface, providing superior stability to the foam. Because of its high stability, controllability, versatility, and minimal environmental impact, nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam has opened up new possibilities and development prospects for foam applications. This review provides an overview of the current state of development of Pickering foam stabilized by a wide range of nanomaterials, including cellulose nanomaterials, chitin nanomaterials, silica nanoparticles, protein nanoparticles, clay mineral, carbon nanotubes, calcium carbonate nanoparticles, MXene, and graphene oxide nanosheets. Particularly, the preparation and surface modification methods of various nanoparticles, the fundamental properties of nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam, and the synergistic effects between nanoparticles and surfactants, functional polymers, and other additives are systematically introduced. In addition, the latest progress in the application of nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam in the oil industry, food industry, porous functional material, and foam flotation field is highlighted. Finally, the future prospects of nanomaterial-stabilized Pickering foam in different fields, along with directions for further research and development directions, are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Sun
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Liyao Dai
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Kaihe Lv
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Zhibo Wen
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Yecheng Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Dongqing Yang
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Hao Yan
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaozheng Liu
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China; Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
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2
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Zhao JH, Li S, Du SL, Zhang ZQ. The role of mitochondrial dysfunction in macrophages on SiO 2 -induced pulmonary fibrosis: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:86-95. [PMID: 37468209 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiologic and toxicological studies have widely regarded that mitochondrial dysfunction is a popular molecular event in the process of silicosis from different perspectives, but the details have not been systematically summarized yet. Thus, it is necessary to investigate how silica dust leads to pulmonary fibrosis by damaging the mitochondria of macrophages. In this review, we first introduce the molecular mechanisms that silica dust induce mitochondrial morphological and functional abnormalities and then introduce the main molecular mechanisms that silica-damaged mitochondria induce pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we conclude that the mitochondrial abnormalities of alveolar macrophages caused by silica dust are involved deeply in the pathogenesis of silicosis through these two sequential mechanisms. Therefore, reducing the silica-damaged mitochondria will prevent the potential occurrence and fatality of the disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Zhao
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
- Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Shu-Ling Du
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
| | - Zhao-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Public Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong, China
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3
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Wang W, Luo Z, Liu X, Dai Y, Hu G, Zhao J, Yue T. Heterogeneous aggregation of carbon and silicon nanoparticles with benzo[a]pyrene modulates their impacts on the pulmonary surfactant film. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132340. [PMID: 37597387 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) can deposit in alveoli where they interact with the pulmonary surfactant (PS) and potentially induce toxicity. Although nano-bio interactions are influenced by the physicochemical properties of NPs, isolated NPs used in previous studies cannot accurately represent those found in atmosphere. Here we used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the interplay between two types of NPs associated with benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) at the PS film. Silicon NPs (SiNPs), regardless of aggregation and adsorption, directly penetrated through the PS film with minimal disturbance. Meanwhile, BaPs adsorbed on SiNPs were rapidly solubilized by PS, increasing the BaP's bioaccessibility in alveoli. Carbon NPs (CNPs) showed aggregation and adsorption-dependent effects on the PS film. Compared to isolated CNPs, which extracted PS to form biomolecular coronas, aggregated CNPs caused more pronounced PS disruption, especially around irregularly shaped edges. SiNPs in mixture exacerbated the PS perturbation by piercing PS film around the site of CNP interactions. BaPs adsorbed on CNPs were less solubilized and suppressed PS extraction, but aggravated biophysical inhibition by prompting film collapse under compression. These results suggest that for proper assessment of inhalation toxicity of airborne NPs, it is imperative to consider their heterogeneous aggregation and adsorption of pollutants under atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State of Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yanhui Dai
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Guoqing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, State of Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Tongtao Yue
- Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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4
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Stanca L, Geicu OI, Serban AI, Dinischiotu A. Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Autophagy in RAW 264.7 Murine Macrophage Cell Line Challenged with Si/SiO 2 Quantum Dots. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5083. [PMID: 37512357 PMCID: PMC10385521 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) with photostable fluorescence are recommended for imaging applications; however, their effect on living cells is incompletely understood. We aimed to elucidate the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line's response to the Si/SiO2 QDs challenge. Cells were exposed to 5 and 15 μg/mL Si/SiO2 QDs for 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Cell metabolic activity and viability were assessed by MTT, live/dead, and dye-exclusion assays. Oxidative stress and membrane integrity were assessed by anion superoxide, malondialdehyde, and lactate dehydrogenase activity evaluations. Antioxidative enzyme activities were analyzed by kinetic spectrophotometric methods. Cytokines were analyzed with an antibody-based magnetic bead assay, PGE2 was assessed by ELISA, and Nrf-2, Bcl-2, Beclin 1, and the HSPs were analyzed by western blot. Autophagy levels were highlighted by fluorescence microscopy. The average IC50 dose for 6, 12, and 24 h was 16.1 ± 0.7 μg/mL. Although glutathione S-transferase and catalase were still upregulated after 24 h, superoxide dismutase was inhibited, which together allowed the gradual increase of malondialdehyde, anion superoxide, nitric oxide, and the loss of membrane integrity. G-CSF, IL-6, TNF-α, MIP-1β, MCP-1, Nrf-2, PGE2, and RANTES levels, as well as autophagy processes, were increased at all time intervals, as opposed to caspase 1 activity, COX-2, HSP60, and HSP70, which were only upregulated at the 6-h exposure interval. These results underscore that Si/SiO2 QDs possess significant immunotoxic effects on the RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line and stress the importance of developing effective strategies to mitigate their adverse impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stanca
- Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Ionut Geicu
- Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea Iren Serban
- Preclinical Sciences Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomical Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 105 Splaiul Independentei, 050097 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Leinardi R, Pochet A, Uwambayinema F, Yakoub Y, Quesniaux V, Ryffel B, Broz P, Pavan C, Huaux F. Gasdermin D membrane pores orchestrate IL-1α secretion from necrotic macrophages after NFS-rich silica exposure. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:1001-1015. [PMID: 36840754 PMCID: PMC10025216 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
IL-1α is an intracellular danger signal (DAMP) released by macrophages contributing to the development of silica-induced lung inflammation. The exact molecular mechanism orchestrating IL-1α extracellular release from particle-exposed macrophages is still unclear. To delineate this process, murine J774 and bone-marrow derived macrophages were exposed to increasing concentrations (1-40 cm2/ml) of a set of amorphous and crystalline silica particles with different surface chemical features. In particular, these characteristics include the content of nearly free silanols (NFS), a silanol population responsible for silica cytotoxicity recently identified. We first observed de novo stocks of IL-1α in macrophages after silica internalization regardless of particle physico-chemical characteristics and cell stress. IL-1α intracellular production and accumulation were observed by exposing macrophages to biologically-inert or cytotoxic crystalline and amorphous silicas. In contrast, only NFS-rich reactive silica particles triggered IL-1α release into the extracellular milieu from necrotic macrophages. We demonstrate that IL-1α is actively secreted through the formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores in the plasma membrane and not passively released after macrophage plasma membrane lysis. Our findings indicate that the GSDMD pore-dependent secretion of IL-1α stock from macrophages solely depends on cytotoxicity induced by NFS-rich silica. This new regulated process represents a key first event in the mechanism of silica toxicity, suitable to refine the existing adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for predicting the inflammatory activity of silicas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Leinardi
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Amandine Pochet
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francine Uwambayinema
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valérie Quesniaux
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS, University of Orleans and Artimmune, Orléans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- Laboratory of Experimental and Molecular Immunology and Neurogenetics (INEM), UMR 7355 CNRS, University of Orleans and Artimmune, Orléans, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Pavan
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Chemistry, "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies On Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Thompson D, Qi C. Characterization of the Emissions and Crystalline Silica Content of Airborne Dust Generated from Grinding Natural and Engineered Stones. Ann Work Expo Health 2023; 67:266-280. [PMID: 36219621 PMCID: PMC9928769 DOI: 10.1093/annweh/wxac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we systematically characterized the airborne dust generated from grinding engineered and natural stone products using a laboratory testing system designed and operated to collect representative respirable dust samples. Four stone samples tested included two engineered stones consisting of crystalline silica in a polyester resin matrix (formulations differed with Stones A having up to 90wt% crystalline silica and Stone B up to 50wt% crystalline silica), an engineered stone consisting of recycled glass in a cement matrix (Stone C), and a granite. Aerosol samples were collected by respirable dust samplers, total dust samplers, and a Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor. Aerosol samples were analyzed by gravimetric analysis and x-ray diffraction to determine dust generation rates, crystalline silica generation rates, and crystalline silica content. Additionally, bulk dust settled on the floor of the testing system was analyzed for crystalline silica content. Real-time particle size distributions were measured using an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. All stone types generated similar trimodal lognormal number-weighted particle size distributions during grinding with the most prominent mode at an aerodynamic diameter of about 2.0-2.3 μm, suggesting dust formation from grinding different stones is similar. Bulk dust from Stone C contained no crystalline silica. Bulk dust from Stone A, Stone B, and granite contained 60, 23, and 30wt% crystalline silica, respectively. In Stones A and B, the cristobalite form of crystalline silica was more plentiful than the quartz form. Only the quartz form was detected in granite. The bulk dust, respirable dust, and total dust for each stone had comparable amounts of crystalline silica, suggesting that crystalline silica content in the bulk dust could be representative of that in respirable dust generated during grinding. Granite generated more dust per unit volume of material removed than the engineered stones, which all had similar normalized dust generation rates. Stone A had the highest normalized generation rates of crystalline silica, followed by granite, Stone B, and Stone C (no crystalline silica), which likely leads to the same trend of respirable crystalline silica (RCS) exposure when working with these different stones. Manufacturing and adoption of engineered stone products with formulations such as Stone B or Stone C could potentially lower or eliminate RCS exposure risks. Combining all the effects of dust generation rate, size-dependent silica content, and respirable fraction, the highest normalized generation rate of RCS consistently occurs at 3.2-5.6 µm for all the stones containing crystalline silica. Therefore, removing particles in this size range near the generation sources should be prioritized when developing engineering control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Thompson
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
| | - Chaolong Qi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, Cincinnati, OH 45226, USA
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7
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Torres A, Collin-Faure V, Fenel D, Sergent JA, Rabilloud T. About the Transient Effects of Synthetic Amorphous Silica: An In Vitro Study on Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010220. [PMID: 36613664 PMCID: PMC9820141 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Silica (either crystalline or amorphous) is widely used for different applications and its toxicological assessment depends on its characteristics and intended use. As sustained inflammation induced by crystalline silica is at the root of silicosis, investigating the inflammatory effects induced by amorphous silicas and their persistence is needed. For the development of new grades of synthetic amorphous silicas, it is also desirable to be able to understand better the factors underlying potential adverse effects. Therefore, we used an optimized in vitro macrophage system to investigate the effects of amorphous silicas, and their persistence. By using different amorphous silicas, we demonstrated that the main driver for the adverse effects is a low size of the overall particle/agglomerate; the second driver being a low size of the primary particle. We also demonstrated that the effects were transient. By using silicon dosage in cells, we showed that the transient effects are coupled with a decrease of intracellular silicon levels over time after exposure. To further investigate this phenomenon, a mild enzymatic cell lysis allowed us to show that amorphous silicas are degraded in macrophages over time, explaining the decrease in silicon content and thus the transiency of the effects of amorphous silicas on macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle Torres
- Solvay/GBU Silica, 69003 Lyon, France
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, IRIG-LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Véronique Collin-Faure
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, IRIG-LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Daphna Fenel
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Integrated Structural Biology Grenoble (ISBG) CNRS, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes, EMBL, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals, University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, IRIG-LCBM, 38054 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (A.T.); (T.R.)
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8
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Liu JY, Sayes CM. A toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:565-582. [PMID: 36051665 PMCID: PMC9424711 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans are regularly exposed to silica nanoparticles in environmental and occupational contexts, and these exposures have been implicated in the onset of adverse health effects. Existing reviews on silica nanoparticle toxicity are few and not comprehensive. There are natural and synthetic sources by which crystalline and amorphous silica nanoparticles are produced. These processes influence physiochemical properties, which are factors that can dictate toxicological effects. Toxicological assessment includes exposure scenario (e.g. environmental, occupational), route of exposure, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics. Broader considerations include pathology, risk assessment, regulation, and treatment after injury. This review aims to consolidate the most relevant and up-to-date research in these areas to provide an exhaustive toxicological profile of silica nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y Liu
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, One Bear Place # 97266, Waco, TX 76798-7266, United States.
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9
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Leinardi R, Longo Sanchez-Calero C, Huaux F. Think Beyond Particle Cytotoxicity: When Self-Cellular Components Released After Immunogenic Cell Death Explain Chronic Disease Development. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:887228. [PMID: 35846433 PMCID: PMC9284505 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.887228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prolonged perturbation of the immune system following the release of a plethora of self-molecules (known as damage-associated molecular patterns, DAMPs) by stressed or dying cells triggers acute and chronic pathological responses. DAMPs are commonly released after plasma membrane damage or complete rupture due to immunogenic cell death (ICD), upon numerous stressors including infectious and toxic agents. The set of DAMPs released after ICD include mature proinflammatory cytokines and alarmins, but also polymeric macromolecules. These self-intracellular components are recognized by injured and healthy surrounding cells via innate receptors, and induce upregulation of stress-response mechanisms, including inflammation. In this review, by overstepping the simple toxicological evaluation, we apply ICD and DAMP concepts to silica cytotoxicity, providing new insights on the mechanisms driving the progress and/or the exacerbation of certain SiO2–related pathologies. Finally, by proposing self-DNA as new crucial DAMP, we aim to pave the way for the development of innovative and easy-to-perform predictive tests to better identify the hazard of fine and ultrafine silica particles. Importantly, such mechanisms could be extended to nano/micro plastics and diesel particles, providing strategic advice and reports on their health issues.
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10
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Liu XY, Zhang XB, Zhao YF, Qu K, Yu XY. Research Progress of Chinese Herbal Medicine Intervention in Renal Interstitial Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900491. [PMID: 35770077 PMCID: PMC9235922 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney diseases usually cause renal interstitial fibrosis, the prevention, delay, and treatment of which is a global research hotspot. However, no definite treatment options are available in modern medicine. Chinese herbal medicine has a long history, rich varieties, and accurate treatment effects. Hitherto, many Chinese herbal medicine studies have emerged to improve renal interstitial fibrosis. This paper reviews the mechanisms of renal interstitial fibrosis and recent studies on the disease intervention with Chinese herbal medicine through literature search, intend to reveal the importance of Chinese herbal medicine in renal interstitial fibrosis. The results show that Chinese herbal medicine can improve renal interstitial fibrosis, and the effects of Chinese herbal medicine on specific pathological mechanisms underlying renal interstitial fibrosis have been explored. Additionally, the limitations and advantages of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of renal interstitial fibrosis, possible research directions, and new targets of Chinese herbal medicine are discussed to provide a basis for studies of renal interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Xu-Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic, Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Ya-Feng Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Kai Qu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Yong Yu,
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11
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Torres A, Collin-Faure V, Diemer H, Moriscot C, Fenel D, Gallet B, Cianférani S, Sergent JA, Rabilloud T. Repeated Exposure of Macrophages to Synthetic Amorphous Silica Induces Adaptive Proteome Changes and a Moderate Cell Activation. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091424. [PMID: 35564134 PMCID: PMC9105884 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is a nanomaterial used in a wide variety of applications, including the use as a food additive. Two types of SAS are commonly employed as a powder additive, precipitated silica and fumed silica. Numerous studies have investigated the effects of synthetic amorphous silica on mammalian cells. However, most of them have used an exposure scheme based on a single dose of SAS. In this study, we have used instead a repeated 10-day exposure scheme in an effort to better simulate the occupational exposure encountered in daily life by consumers and workers. As a biological model, we have used the murine macrophage cell line J774A.1, as macrophages are very important innate immune cells in the response to particulate materials. In order to obtain a better appraisal of the macrophage responses to this repeated exposure to SAS, we have used proteomics as a wide-scale approach. Furthermore, some of the biological pathways detected as modulated by the exposure to SAS by the proteomic experiments have been validated through targeted experiments. Overall, proteomics showed that precipitated SAS induced a more important macrophage response than fumed SAS at equal dose. Nevertheless, validation experiments showed that most of the responses detected by proteomics are indeed adaptive, as the cellular homeostasis appeared to be maintained at the end of the exposure. For example, the intracellular glutathione levels or the mitochondrial transmembrane potential at the end of the 10 days exposure were similar for SAS-exposed cells and for unexposed cells. Similarly, no gross lysosomal damage was observed after repeated exposure to SAS. Nevertheless, important functions of macrophages such as phagocytosis, TNFα, and interleukin-6 secretion were up-modulated after exposure, as was the expression of important membrane proteins such as the scavenger receptors, MHC-II, or the MAC-1 receptor. These results suggest that repeated exposure to low doses of SAS slightly modulates the immune functions of macrophages, which may alter the homeostasis of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaelle Torres
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France; (A.T.); (V.C.-F.)
| | - Véronique Collin-Faure
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France; (A.T.); (V.C.-F.)
| | - Hélène Diemer
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Centre National de la Rech erche Scientifique, Hubert Curien Pluridisciplinary Institute UMR 7178, Strasbourg University, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (H.D.); (S.C.)
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI—FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Moriscot
- Integrated Structural Biology Grenoble (ISBG), European Molecular Biology Laboratory Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France;
| | - Daphna Fenel
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, 38044 Grenoble, France; (D.F.); (B.G.)
| | - Benoît Gallet
- Institute of Structural Biology (IBS), Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, 38044 Grenoble, France; (D.F.); (B.G.)
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique (LSMBO), Centre National de la Rech erche Scientifique, Hubert Curien Pluridisciplinary Institute UMR 7178, Strasbourg University, 67087 Strasbourg, France; (H.D.); (S.C.)
- Infrastructure Nationale de Protéomique ProFI—FR2048, 67087 Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals Laboratory, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, Interdisciplinary Research Institute of Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France; (A.T.); (V.C.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-43-878-3212
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Mechanistic study of silica nanoparticles on the size-dependent retinal toxicity in vitro and in vivo. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:146. [PMID: 35305659 PMCID: PMC8934510 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) are extensively applied in the biomedical field. The increasing medical application of SiO2 NPs has raised concerns about their safety. However, studies on SiO2 NP-induced retinal toxicity are lacking. Methods We investigated the retinal toxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes (15 and 50 nm) in vitro and in vivo along with the underlying mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of SiO2 NPs with different sizes was assessed in R28 human retinal precursor cells by determining the ATP content and LDH release. The cell morphologies and nanoparticle distributions in the cells were analyzed by phase-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs in vivo was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. To further investigate the mechanism of retinal toxicity induced by SiO2 NPs, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, glial cell activation and inflammation were monitored. Results The 15-nm SiO2 NPs were found to have higher cytotoxicity than the larger NPs. Notably, the 15-nm SiO2 NPs induced retinal toxicity in vivo, as demonstrated by increased cell death in the retina, TUNEL-stained retinal cells, retinal ganglion cell degeneration, glial cell activation, and inflammation. In addition, The SiO2 NPs caused oxidative stress, as demonstrated by the increase in the ROS indicator H2DCF-DA. Furthermore, the pretreatment of R28 cells with N-acetylcysteine, an ROS scavenger, attenuated the ROS production and cytotoxicity induced by SiO2 NPs. Conclusions These results provide evidence that SiO2 NPs induce size-dependent retinal toxicity and suggest that glial cell activation and ROS generation contribute to this toxicity. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-022-01326-8.
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Comparison of Genotoxicity and Pulmonary Toxicity Study of Modified SiO2 Nanomaterials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app112411990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Surface-modified nano-SiO2 is a common additive in many products. However, the safety of nano-SiO2 products under various modifications is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the genotoxicity and acute pulmonary toxicity of nano-SiO2 with or without modification. The samples used in this study included: sample A (SA, 55.16 nm, 411.3 mg/mL), modified sample A (mSA, 82.29 nm, 37.7 mg/mL), sample B (SB, 22 nm, 358.0 mg/mL), and modified sample B (mSB, 86.64 nm, 37.7 mg/mL). In the genotoxicity study, we conducted an Ames test, chromosomal aberration test (CA), and a micronucleus (MN) test. The SA, mSA, and mSB groups showed negative results in all these genotoxicity tests. Only SB showed a weakly positive reaction in these assays, but the genotoxicity could be reversed after S9 metabolism or modification. In the acute pulmonary toxicity test, the rats were given an intratracheal instillation (IT) (0.5 mL/kg) of diluted samples and sacrificed after 1 or 14 days. The mortality rate, number of leukocytes and cytokines of TNF-α in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the pathology in the lungs were determined. The results revealed that mSA posed acute toxicity in rats. After modification, the pulmonary toxicity was increased in mSA but decreased in mSB on Day 1, and no significant difference was observed on Day 14. In conclusion, there was no observed genotoxicity in either SA or SB, while mSA posed acute inhalation toxicity to rats that decreased in mSB after modification. This indicates that the decrease in pH level in SA and decrease in the solid content in SB are considered after the trifluorosilane surface-modified amorphous nano-silica.
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Pavan C, Santalucia R, Leinardi R, Fabbiani M, Yakoub Y, Uwambayinema F, Ugliengo P, Tomatis M, Martra G, Turci F, Lison D, Fubini B. Nearly free surface silanols are the critical molecular moieties that initiate the toxicity of silica particles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:27836-27846. [PMID: 33097669 PMCID: PMC7668052 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2008006117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhalation of silica particles can induce inflammatory lung reactions that lead to silicosis and/or lung cancer when the particles are biopersistent. This toxic activity of silica dusts is extremely variable depending on their source and preparation methods. The exact molecular moiety that explains and predicts this variable toxicity of silica remains elusive. Here, we have identified a unique subfamily of silanols as the major determinant of silica particle toxicity. This population of "nearly free silanols" (NFS) appears on the surface of quartz particles upon fracture and can be modulated by thermal treatments. Density functional theory calculations indicates that NFS locate at an intersilanol distance of 4.00 to 6.00 Å and form weak mutual interactions. Thus, NFS could act as an energetically favorable moiety at the surface of silica for establishing interactions with cell membrane components to initiate toxicity. With ad hoc prepared model quartz particles enriched or depleted in NFS, we demonstrate that NFS drive toxicity, including membranolysis, in vitro proinflammatory activity, and lung inflammation. The toxic activity of NFS is confirmed with pyrogenic and vitreous amorphous silica particles, and industrial quartz samples with noncontrolled surfaces. Our results identify the missing key molecular moieties of the silica surface that initiate interactions with cell membranes, leading to pathological outcomes. NFS may explain other important interfacial processes involving silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Rosangela Santalucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Riccardo Leinardi
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Marco Fabbiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Francine Uwambayinema
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piero Ugliengo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Gianmario Martra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy;
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces Interdepartmental Centre, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, UCLouvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, 10125 Turin, Italy
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15
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Ulrichs C, Han YJ, Abdelhamid MT, Mewis I. Management of the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae, using silica-based acaricides. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 82:243-254. [PMID: 32897464 PMCID: PMC7538411 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four silica-based acaricides were examined in laboratory tests for their effectiveness against poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae. All acaricides resulted in 100% mite mortality. Two groups of active ingredients could be differentiated. The products Silicosec® and Ewazid®, based on naturally occurring diatomaceous earth (DE), killed 100% of adult D. gallinae within 48 h exposure time. The time to kill 50% of the mites (LT50) was calculated to be 31.7 and 34.9 h, respectively. The other two products, containing aggregates and agglomerates of pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silicon dioxide as active ingredients, killed the mites in a significantly shorter time: LT50 was 6.3 h for the liquid product Fossil Shield® Instant White and 11.8 h for the powdery product Fossil Shield 90.0 White. This is more remarkable as the quantities of active ingredients used for the DE treatments were several folds higher. The effectiveness of all tested products was also shown in practical tests. A professional company treated five chicken houses on one farm in the Berlin-Brandenburg region with the test products, three houses with Fossil Shield Instant White and one each with Ewazid and Silicosec. Over a period of 46 weeks after stocking, the mite development in the houses was assessed. Only in one of the houses, treated with Fossil Shield Instant White, the mite population remained permanently low. In two houses treated with Fossil Shield Instant White, small mite colonies appeared in week 36, which were controlled by a follow-up spot treatment in week 41. In the houses treated with DE, the first mite colonies appeared 12 weeks after stocking. The number increased continuously over the experimental period and in week 31 after stocking there were clearly visible colonies (2-3 cm diameter) and the first mites could also be detected on the chicken eggs. At this time both houses were treated again with a follow-up spot-treatment, which only led to a slight improvement in one house and to a stabilization of the infestation in the other house. In week 41, large mite colonies were detected in both houses. A spot treatment at this point was ineffective in reducing the infestation. The tests showed faster acaricidal action of the products with the synthetic active ingredients compared to the natural DE-based products. This matches the shorter killing times under laboratory conditions. The experiments in a commercial chicken farm showed that it is possible to control the mite population for a period of 46 weeks by using physically effective SiO2-based products. These products are therefore an effective alternative to the use of chemical acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ulrichs
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Young Jong Han
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magdi T Abdelhamid
- Botany Department, National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth St. Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt
| | - Inga Mewis
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Division Urban Plant Ecophysiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lentzeallee 55, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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How Reversible Are the Effects of Fumed Silica on Macrophages? A Proteomics-Informed View. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10101939. [PMID: 33003391 PMCID: PMC7600894 DOI: 10.3390/nano10101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica is one of the most used nanomaterials, and numerous toxicological studies have studied its effects. Most of these studies have used an acute exposure mode to investigate the effects immediately after exposure. However, this exposure modality does not allow the investigation of the persistence of the effects, which is a crucial aspect of silica toxicology, as exemplified by crystalline silica. In this paper, we extended the investigations by studying not only the responses immediately after exposure but also after a 72 h post-exposure recovery phase. We used a pyrolytic silica as the test nanomaterial, as this variant of synthetic amorphous silica has been shown to induce a more persistent inflammation in vivo than precipitated silica. To investigate macrophage responses to pyrolytic silica, we used a combination of proteomics and targeted experiments, which allowed us to show that most of the cellular functions that were altered immediately after exposure to pyrolytic silica at a subtoxic dose, such as energy metabolism and cell morphology, returned to normal at the end of the recovery period. However, some alterations, such as the inflammatory responses and some aldehyde detoxification proteins, were persistent. At the proteomic level, other alterations, such as proteins implicated in the endosomal/lysosomal pathway, were also persistent but resulted in normal function, thus suggesting cellular adaptation.
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Wang M, Li J, Dong S, Cai X, Simaiti A, Yang X, Zhu X, Luo J, Jiang LH, Du B, Yu P, Yang W. Silica nanoparticles induce lung inflammation in mice via ROS/PARP/TRPM2 signaling-mediated lysosome impairment and autophagy dysfunction. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:23. [PMID: 32513195 PMCID: PMC7281956 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00353-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Wide applications of nanoparticles (NPs) have raised increasing concerns about safety to humans. Oxidative stress and inflammation are extensively investigated as mechanisms for NPs-induced toxicity. Autophagy and lysosomal dysfunction are emerging molecular mechanisms. Inhalation is one of the main pathways of exposing humans to NPs, which has been reported to induce severe pulmonary inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms and, more specifically, the interplays of above-mentioned mechanisms in NPs-induced pulmonary inflammation are still largely obscure. Considered that NPs exposure in modern society is often unavoidable, it is highly desirable to develop effective strategies that could help to prevent nanomaterials-induced pulmonary inflammation. Results Pulmonary inflammation induced by intratracheal instillation of silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in C57BL/6 mice was prevented by PJ34, a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. In human lung bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells, exposure to SiNPs reduced cell viability, and induced ROS generation, impairment in lysosome function and autophagic flux. Inhibition of ROS generation, PARP and TRPM2 channel suppressed SiNPs-induced lysosome impairment and autophagy dysfunction and consequent inflammatory responses. Consistently, SiNPs-induced pulmonary inflammation was prevented in TRPM2 deficient mice. Conclusion The ROS/PARP/TRPM2 signaling is critical in SiNPs-induced pulmonary inflammation, providing novel mechanistic insights into NPs-induced lung injury. Our study identifies TRPM2 channel as a new target for the development of preventive and therapeutic strategies to mitigate nanomaterials-induced lung inflammation. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxiang Wang
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shunni Dong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Aili Simaiti
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xinqiang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.,The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Luo
- Institute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Hua Jiang
- Sino-UK Joint Laboratory of Brain Function and Injury and Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, P. R. China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Binyang Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Peilin Yu
- Department of Toxicology, and Department of Medical Oncology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Biophysics, and Department of Neurosurgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, P. R. China.
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18
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Alves LFA, de Oliveira DGP, Pares RB, Sparagano OAE, Godinho RP. Association of mechanical cleaning and a liquid preparation of diatomaceous earth in the management of poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (Mesostigmata: Dermanyssidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:215-222. [PMID: 32378067 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00497-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The poultry red mite (PRM), Dermanyssus gallinae, is an ectoparasite of great importance related to poultry farms worldwide. Problems associated with its control have led to the search for alternative treatments, especially using inert dust, which has recently been introduced into liquid formulations. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of a liquid diatomaceous earth (DE) preparation in the laboratory and its association with mechanical cleaning (brushing) in the field. In the laboratory it was first determined that a concentration of 10% DE would be necessary for field applications. The field experiment was conducted in a commercial poultry house. The 10% DE liquid preparation was administered in three applications and associated to mechanical cleaning. Then, 42 days after the first DE application, a population reduction of 94.7% was observed in relation to the initial population of mites. These results confirm the efficiency of DE applications in association with mechanical cleaning already adopted in poultry houses as an alternative for the control of D. gallinae, which can also contribute to avoiding mite resistance to chemical acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rafaela Barbosa Pares
- Agricultural Biotechnology Lab, Western Paraná State University, Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Olivier A E Sparagano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
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19
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Tomašek I, Damby DE, Horwell CJ, Ayris PM, Delmelle P, Ottley CJ, Cubillas P, Casas AS, Bisig C, Petri-Fink A, Dingwell DB, Clift MJD, Drasler B, Rothen-Rutishauser B. Assessment of the potential for in-plume sulphur dioxide gas-ash interactions to influence the respiratory toxicity of volcanic ash. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108798. [PMID: 31629947 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Volcanic plumes are complex environments composed of gases and ash particles, where chemical and physical processes occur at different temperature and compositional regimes. Commonly, soluble sulphate- and chloride-bearing salts are formed on ash as gases interact with ash surfaces. Exposure to respirable volcanic ash following an eruption is potentially a significant health concern. The impact of such gas-ash interactions on ash toxicity is wholly un-investigated. Here, we study, for the first time, whether the interaction of volcanic particles with sulphur dioxide (SO2) gas, and the resulting presence of sulphate salt deposits on particle surfaces, influences toxicity to the respiratory system, using an advanced in vitro approach. METHODS To emplace surface sulphate salts on particles, via replication of the physicochemical reactions that occur between pristine ash surfaces and volcanic gas, analogue substrates (powdered synthetic volcanic glass and natural pumice) were exposed to SO2 at 500 °C, in a novel Advanced Gas-Ash Reactor, resulting in salt-laden particles. The solubility of surface salt deposits was then assessed by leaching in water and geochemical modelling. A human multicellular lung model was exposed to aerosolised salt-laden and pristine (salt-free) particles, and incubated for 24 h. Cell cultures were subsequently assessed for biological endpoints, including cytotoxicity (lactate dehydrogenase release), oxidative stress (oxidative stress-related gene expression; heme oxygenase 1 and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase [quinone] 1) and its (pro-)inflammatory response (tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 8 and interleukin 1β at gene and protein levels). RESULTS In the lung cell model no significant effects were observed between the pristine and SO2-exposed particles, indicating that the surface salt deposits, and the underlying alterations to the substrate, do not cause acute adverse effects in vitro. Based on the leachate data, the majority of the sulphate salts from the ash surfaces are likely to dissolve in the lungs prior to cellular uptake. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that interaction of volcanic ash with SO2 during ash generation and transport does not significantly affect the respiratory toxicity of volcanic ash in vitro. Therefore, sulphate salts are unlikely a dominant factor controlling variability in in vitro toxicity assessments observed during previous eruption response efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Tomašek
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom; BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland.
| | - David E Damby
- Volcano Science Center, United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, California, 94025, United States
| | - Claire J Horwell
- Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Ayris
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Pierre Delmelle
- Earth & Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix Du Sud 2, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Christopher J Ottley
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Pablo Cubillas
- Department of Earth Sciences, Durham University, Science Labs, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Ana S Casas
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph Bisig
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland; Chemistry Department, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Musee, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Donald B Dingwell
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Section for Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Theresienstrasse 41, D-80333, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin J D Clift
- In Vitro Toxicology Group, Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park Campus, Swansea, SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Drasler
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser
- BioNanomaterials, Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, CH-1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Ronsmans S, Verbeken EK, Adams E, Keirsbilck S, Yserbyt J, Wuyts WA, Swennen R, Hoet PHM, Nemery B. Granulomatous lung disease in two workers making light bulbs. Am J Ind Med 2019; 62:908-913. [PMID: 31347732 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between sarcoidosis or sarcoid-like granulomatous lung disease and exposure to silica and other inorganic agents have been suggested in several studies. CASES We describe granulomatous lung disease in two workers of a small production unit making metal-halide lamps. Initially, both were diagnosed with sarcoidosis. However, in both men, birefringent particles were observed in the lung or mediastinal lymph node biopsies. Clipping of glass tubes led to moderate exposure to dust, consisting mainly of amorphous fused silica, with some cristobalite. After removal from exposure, both subjects improved clinically, radiologically, and functionally. CONCLUSION The present cases support the hypothesis that silica might be a trigger for sarcoid-like granulomatous lung disease. Sarcoidosis should be considered a diagnosis of exclusion and clinicians should carefully collect occupational and environmental exposure histories to identify workplace triggers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Ronsmans
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Clinic of Occupational and Environmental MedicineUniversity Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and HealthUniversity of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Eric K Verbeken
- Department of PathologyUniversity Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Els Adams
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Clinic of Occupational and Environmental MedicineUniversity Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
- IDEWEExternal Service for Prevention and Protection at Work Leuven Belgium
| | - Stephan Keirsbilck
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Clinic of Occupational and Environmental MedicineUniversity Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
- IDEWEExternal Service for Prevention and Protection at Work Leuven Belgium
| | - Jonas Yserbyt
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit for Interstitial Lung DiseasesUniversity Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Wim A Wuyts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Unit for Interstitial Lung DiseasesUniversity Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Rudy Swennen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, GeologyUniversity of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Peter HM Hoet
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and HealthUniversity of Leuven Leuven Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Clinic of Occupational and Environmental MedicineUniversity Hospitals Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre for Environment and HealthUniversity of Leuven Leuven Belgium
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21
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Riediker M, Zink D, Kreyling W, Oberdörster G, Elder A, Graham U, Lynch I, Duschl A, Ichihara G, Ichihara S, Kobayashi T, Hisanaga N, Umezawa M, Cheng TJ, Handy R, Gulumian M, Tinkle S, Cassee F. Particle toxicology and health - where are we? Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:19. [PMID: 31014371 PMCID: PMC6480662 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Particles and fibres affect human health as a function of their properties such as chemical composition, size and shape but also depending on complex interactions in an organism that occur at various levels between particle uptake and target organ responses. While particulate pollution is one of the leading contributors to the global burden of disease, particles are also increasingly used for medical purposes. Over the past decades we have gained considerable experience in how particle properties and particle-bio interactions are linked to human health. This insight is useful for improved risk management in the case of unwanted health effects but also for developing novel medical therapies. The concepts that help us better understand particles’ and fibres’ risks include the fate of particles in the body; exposure, dosimetry and dose-metrics and the 5 Bs: bioavailability, biopersistence, bioprocessing, biomodification and bioclearance of (nano)particles. This includes the role of the biomolecule corona, immunity and systemic responses, non-specific effects in the lungs and other body parts, particle effects and the developing body, and the link from the natural environment to human health. The importance of these different concepts for the human health risk depends not only on the properties of the particles and fibres, but is also strongly influenced by production, use and disposal scenarios. Conclusions Lessons learned from the past can prove helpful for the future of the field, notably for understanding novel particles and fibres and for defining appropriate risk management and governance approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Riediker
- Swiss Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health (SCOEH), Binzhofstrasse 87, CH-8404, Winterthur, Switzerland.
| | - Daniele Zink
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wolfgang Kreyling
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Center Munich - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Oberdörster
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Alison Elder
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Albert Duschl
- Department of Biosciences, Allergy Cancer BioNano Research Centre, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Richard Handy
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health and Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Sally Tinkle
- Science and Technology Policy Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Flemming Cassee
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Risk Assessment Studies (IRAS), Utrrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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22
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Chen L, Liu J, Zhang Y, Zhang G, Kang Y, Chen A, Feng X, Shao L. The toxicity of silica nanoparticles to the immune system. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2018; 13:1939-1962. [PMID: 30152253 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon-based materials and their oxides are widely used in drug delivery, dietary supplements, implants and dental fillers. Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) interact with immunocompetent cells and induce immunotoxicity. However, the toxic effects of SiNPs on the immune system have been inadequately reviewed. The toxicity of SiNPs to the immune system depends on their physicochemical properties and the cell type. Assessments of immunotoxicity include determining cell dysfunctions, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. This review focuses on the immunotoxicity of SiNPs and investigates the underlying mechanisms. The main mechanisms were proinflammatory responses, oxidative stress and autophagy. Considering the toxicity of SiNPs, surface and shape modifications may mitigate the toxic effects of SiNPs, providing a new way to produce these nanomaterials with less toxic impaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510140, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Guilan Zhang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Aijie Chen
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Feng
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
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23
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Liu Q, Wang X, Xia T. Creative use of analytical techniques and high-throughput technology to facilitate safety assessment of engineered nanomaterials. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:6097-6111. [PMID: 30066194 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-1289-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development and numerous applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in science and technology, their impact on environmental health and safety should be considered carefully. This requires an effective platform to investigate the potential adverse effects and hazardous biological outcomes of numerous nanomaterials and their formulations. We consider predictive toxicology a rational approach for this effort, which utilizes mechanism-based in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) to make predictions on ENMs' adverse outcomes in vivo. Moreover, this approach is able to link the physicochemical properties of ENMs to toxicity that allows the development of structure-activity relationships (SARs). To build this predictive platform, extensive analytical and bioanalytical techniques and tools are required. In this review, we described the predictive toxicology approach and the accompanying analytical and bioanalytical techniques. In addition, we elaborated several successful examples as a result of using the predictive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xiang Wang
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Center of Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. .,Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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24
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Yu Q, Wang H, Peng Q, Li Y, Liu Z, Li M. Different toxicity of anatase and rutile TiO 2 nanoparticles on macrophages: Involvement of difference in affinity to proteins and phospholipids. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 335:125-134. [PMID: 28437696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) are well-known nanomaterials (NMs), widely used in cosmetics, solar cells, photo-catalysts and additives. Anatase and rutile are the two main crystalline phases of TiO2 NPs and have distinct electrical and optical properties. However, their relative toxicity to organisms is a current topic of debate. In this study, we synthesize both anatase NPs (TiO2-A) and rutile NPs (TiO2-R) with similar particle sizes (20-40nm), surface areas (51-52m2/g) and Zeta potentials (-13.4 to -13.7mV), and investigate their toxicity to macrophages. Contrary to previous findings, TiO2-A show a lower percentage cell deaths compared to TiO2-R (10% vs 20% at 50mg/L), indicating a lower toxicity compared to TiO2-R. The macrophages treated with TiO2-A and TiO2-R have similar levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the autophagy marker LC3, implying that our observed difference in toxicity is not attributed to oxidative damage and autophagy. Interestingly, TiO2-A cause less severe necrosis and lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), but more severe mitochondrial dysfunction. Adsorption assays further reveal that TiO2-A and TiO2-R have a higher affinity to proteins and phospholipids, respectively. This study demonstrates an important role of crystal phase-related surface affinity to different biomolecules in nanotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Honggang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ye Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Water Environment Monitoring Center of Yellow River Basin, Zhengzhou, Henan 450002, China
| | - Mingchun Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology, Department of Microbiology, College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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25
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Ζ potential evidences silanol heterogeneity induced by metal contaminants at the quartz surface: Implications in membrane damage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017. [PMID: 28646781 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Among the physico-chemical features responsible for the so-called "variability of quartz hazard", a key role has been assigned to the silica surface charge, evaluated by means of ζ potential measurement. The ζ potential of silica describes the protonation state of silanols which, in turn, determine interactions with cell membranes. To gain a molecular understanding of the role of silanols in silica pathogenicity, we conducted a systematic investigation of the variation of the ζ potential as a function of pH (ζ plot titration curve) on a large set of respirable quartz particles with different levels of metal contaminants. The membranolytic activity of the particles on red blood cells, used as a readout of pathogenic activity, was assessed in parallel. Pure quartz surfaces showed sigmoid-shaped ζ plots suggesting the presence of silanol families with similar acidity, whereas contaminated dusts exhibited convex-shaped ζ plots, indicating a higher silanol heterogeneity on contaminated surfaces with respect to the pure ones. The quartz particles with a higher surface heterogeneity related to metal contamination showed a higher membranolytic activity. By removing structural defects and chemical heterogeneity, the ζ plot shifted towards the typical shape of pure quartz and the membranolytic activity was reduced. We conclude that the ζ plot is a useful readout to measure the acid-base behavior of quartz surfaces and to describe the chemical heterogeneity of quartz silanols. Surface heterogeneity, here induced by metal contamination, is proposed as the main cause of quartz membranolytic activity, further supporting the hypothesis that surface silanol disorganization determines silica pathogenicity.
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26
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Pavan C, Fubini B. Unveiling the Variability of “Quartz Hazard” in Light of Recent Toxicological Findings. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 30:469-485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
- “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental
Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
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27
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Jiang L, Yu Y, Li Y, Yu Y, Duan J, Zou Y, Li Q, Sun Z. Oxidative Damage and Energy Metabolism Disorder Contribute to the Hemolytic Effect of Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:57. [PMID: 26831695 PMCID: PMC4735100 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1280-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have been extensively used in biomedical applications due to their particular characteristics. The increased environmental and iatrogenic exposure of SiNPs gained great concerns on the biocompatibility and hematotoxicity of SiNPs. However, the studies on the hemolytic effects of amorphous SiNPs in human erythrocytes are still limited. In this study, amorphous SiNPs with 58 nm were selected and incubated with human erythrocytes for different times (30 min and 2 h) at various concentrations (0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 μg/mL). SiNPs induced a dose-dependent increase in percent hemolysis and significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and decreased the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, leading to oxidative damage in erythrocytes. Hydroxyl radical (·OH) levels were detected by electron spin resonance (ESR), and the decreased elimination rates of ·OH showed SiNPs induced low antioxidant ability in human erythrocytes. Na(+)-K(+) ATPase activity and Ca(2+)-Mg(2+) ATPase activity were found remarkably inhibited after SiNP treatment, possibly causing energy sufficient in erythrocytes. Percent hemolysis of SiNPs was significantly decreased in the presence of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP). It was concluded that amorphous SiNPs caused dose-dependent hemolytic effects in human erythrocytes. Oxidative damage and energy metabolism disorder contributed to the hemolytic effects of SiNPs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Jiang
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongbo Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junchao Duan
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zou
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiuling Li
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Compared antioxidant activity among corticosteroids on cultured retinal pigment epithelial cells. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 254:2411-2416. [PMID: 27743160 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-016-3519-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to determine if dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone acetonide (TA), three anti-inflammatory drugs commonly used for ocular treatments, could affect the oxidative status of cultured human cells of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and protect them against oxidative injury. METHODS ARPE-19 cells were used as an in vitro model of RPE. Glutathione (GSH) levels were assessed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone on cellular antioxidant status. Oxidative stress was induced in ARPE-19 cells by treatment with the oxidizing agent menadione, and the effects of dexamethasone, prednisolone and triamcinolone were evaluated. Release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the culture medium was used to measure cytotoxicity. RESULTS Incubation with triamcinolone or prednisolone was not able to revert menadione-induced cytotoxicity and GSH depletion; furthermore, it significantly decreased GSH levels in ARPE-19 cells (nmol of GSH/mg cellular protein: 99.7 ± 0.1 in untreated controls vs. 52.6 ± 5.2 with triamcinolone vs. 77.6 ± 5.2 with prednisolone; p < 0.001). Treatment with dexamethasone protected ARPE-19 cells from cytotoxicity and oxidative damage: lactate dehydrogenase release and GSH depletion were significantly decreased after incubation with this compound (LDHout/LDHtot: 0.221 ± 0.038 with menadione vs. 0.041 ± 0.007 with menadione + dexamethasone; p < 0.001; nmol of GSH/mg cellular protein: 5.7 ± 4.2 with menadione vs. 53.2 ± 6.1 with menadione + dexamethasone, respectively; p < 0.001) and did not induce GSH depletion (nmol of GSH/mg cellular protein: 99.7 ± 0.1 vs. 86.5 ± 8.1 nmol/min/mg prot with dexamethasone; p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dexamethasone, besides suppressing intraocular inflammation, may protect human RPE cells from oxidative stress and decrease the oxidation rate of GSH. Triamcinolone and prednisolone, inducing GSH depletion, may contribute to reduce antioxidant capacity of ARPE-19 cells.
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Di Benedetto F, Gazzano E, Tomatis M, Turci F, Pardi LA, Bronco S, Fornaciai G, Innocenti M, Montegrossi G, Muniz Miranda M, Zoleo A, Capacci F, Fubini B, Ghigo D, Romanelli M. Physico-chemical properties of quartz from industrial manufacturing and its cytotoxic effects on alveolar macrophages: The case of green sand mould casting for iron production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 312:18-27. [PMID: 27015375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Industrial processing of materials containing quartz induces physico-chemical modifications that contribute to the variability of quartz hazard in different plants. Here, modifications affecting a quartz-rich sand during cast iron production, have been investigated. Composition, morphology, presence of radicals associated to quartz and reactivity in free radical generation were studied on a raw sand and on a dust recovered after mould dismantling. Additionally, cytotoxicity of the processed dust and ROS and NO generation were evaluated on MH-S macrophages. Particle morphology and size were marginally affected by casting processing, which caused only a slight increase of the amount of respirable fraction. The raw sand was able to catalyze OH and CO2(-) generation in cell-free test, even if in a lesser extent than the reference quartz (Min-U-Sil), and shows hAl radicals, conventionally found in any quartz-bearing raw materials. Enrichment in iron and extensive coverage with amorphous carbon were observed during processing. They likely contributed, respectively, to increasing the ability of processed dust to release CO2- and to suppressing OH generation respect to the raw sand. Carbon coverage and repeated thermal treatments during industrial processing also caused annealing of radiogenic hAl defects. Finally, no cellular responses were observed with the respirable fraction of the processed powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Di Benedetto
- Department of Earth Sciences, Università di Firenze, Firenze, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources (CNR-IGG), Florence, Italy.
| | - Elena Gazzano
- Department of Oncology, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luca A Pardi
- Institute for Chemical and Physical processes (CNR-IPCF), Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Bronco
- Institute for Chemical and Physical processes (CNR-IPCF), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Innocenti
- Department of Chemistry, Università di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | | | | | - Alfonso Zoleo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Bice Fubini
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Chemistry, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dario Ghigo
- Department of Oncology, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy; "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and other Toxic Particulates, Università degli studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
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30
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Turci F, Pavan C, Leinardi R, Tomatis M, Pastero L, Garry D, Anguissola S, Lison D, Fubini B. Revisiting the paradigm of silica pathogenicity with synthetic quartz crystals: the role of crystallinity and surface disorder. Part Fibre Toxicol 2016; 13:32. [PMID: 27286702 PMCID: PMC4902968 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-016-0136-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to some - but not all - quartz particles is associated to silicosis, lung cancer and autoimmune diseases. What imparts pathogenicity to any single quartz source is however still unclear. Crystallinity and various surface features are implied in toxicity. Quartz dusts used so far in particle toxicology have been obtained by grinding rocks containing natural quartz, a process which affects crystallinity and yields dusts with variable surface states. To clarify the role of crystallinity in quartz pathogenicity we have grown intact quartz crystals in respirable size. METHODS Quartz crystals were grown and compared with a fractured specimen obtained by grinding the largest synthetic crystals and a mineral quartz (positive control). The key physico-chemical features relevant to particle toxicity - particle size distribution, micromorphology, crystallinity, surface charge, cell-free oxidative potential - were evaluated. Membranolysis was assessed on biological and artificial membranes. Endpoints of cellular stress were evaluated on RAW 264.7 murine macrophages by High Content Analysis after ascertaining cellular uptake by bio-TEM imaging of quartz-exposed cells. RESULTS Quartz crystals were grown in the submicron (n-Qz-syn) or micron (μ-Qz-syn) range by modulating the synthetic procedure. Independently from size as-grown quartz crystals with regular intact faces did not elicit cellular toxicity and lysosomal stress on RAW 264.7 macrophages, and were non-membranolytic on liposome and red blood cells. When fractured, synthetic quartz (μ-Qz-syn-f) attained particle morphology and size close to the mineral quartz dust (Qz-f, positive control) and similarly induced cellular toxicity and membranolysis. Fracturing imparted a higher heterogeneity of silanol acidic sites and radical species at the quartz surface. CONCLUSIONS Our data support the hypothesis that the biological activity of quartz dust is not due to crystallinity but to crystal fragmentation, when conchoidal fractures are formed. Besides radical generation, fracturing upsets the expected long-range order of non-radical surface moieties - silanols, silanolates, siloxanes - which disrupt membranes and induce cellular toxicity, both outcomes associated to the inflammatory response to quartz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy.
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy.
| | - Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Riccardo Leinardi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - Linda Pastero
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Via V. Caluso 35, Turin, 10125, Italy
| | - David Garry
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Sergio Anguissola
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52 - bte B1.52.12, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, Turin, 10125, Italy
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31
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Pavan C, Polimeni M, Tomatis M, Corazzari I, Turci F, Ghigo D, Fubini B. Editor's Highlight: Abrasion of Artificial Stones as a New Cause of an Ancient Disease. Physicochemical Features and Cellular Responses. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:4-17. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Lehman SE, Morris AS, Mueller PS, Salem AK, Grassian VH, Larsen SC. Silica Nanoparticle-Generated ROS as a Predictor of Cellular Toxicity: Mechanistic Insights and Safety by Design. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2016; 3:56-66. [PMID: 26998307 PMCID: PMC4795909 DOI: 10.1039/c5en00179j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating toxicological responses of engineered nanomaterials such as silica nanoparticles is critical in assessing health risks and exposure limits. Biological assays can be used to evaluate cytotoxicity of individual materials, but specific nano-bio interactions-which govern its physiological response-cannot currently be predicted from materials characterization and physicochemical properties. Understanding the role of free radical generation from nanomaterial surfaces facilitates understanding of a potential toxicity mechanism and provides insight into how toxic effects can be assessed. Size-matched mesoporous and nonporous silica nanoparticles in aminopropyl-functionalized and native forms were investigated to analyze the effects of porosity and surface functionalization on the observed cytotoxicity. In vitro cell viability data in a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) provides a model for what might be observed in terms of cellular toxicity upon an environmental or industrial exposure to silica nanoparticles. Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was implemented to study free radical species generated from the surface of these nanomaterials and the signal intensity was correlated with cellular toxicity. In addition, in vitro assay of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) matched well with both the EPR and cell viability data. Overall, spectroscopic and in vitro studies correlate well and implicate production of ROS from a surface-catalyzed reaction as a predictor of cellular toxicity. The data demonstrate that mesoporous materials are intrinsically less toxic than nonporous materials, and that surface functionalization can mitigate toxicity in nonporous materials by reducing free radical production. The broader implications are in terms of safety by design of nanomaterials, which can only be extracted by mechanistic studies such as the ones reported here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean E. Lehman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Angie S. Morris
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Paul S. Mueller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Aliasger K. Salem
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Translational Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | - Sarah C. Larsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
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Petrache Voicu SN, Dinu D, Sima C, Hermenean A, Ardelean A, Codrici E, Stan MS, Zărnescu O, Dinischiotu A. Silica Nanoparticles Induce Oxidative Stress and Autophagy but Not Apoptosis in the MRC-5 Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29398-416. [PMID: 26690408 PMCID: PMC4691114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro effects of 62.5 µg/mL silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) on MRC-5 human lung fibroblast cells for 24, 48 and 72 h. The nanoparticles’ morphology, composition, and structure were investigated using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Our study showed a decreased cell viability and the induction of cellular oxidative stress as evidenced by an increased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), carbonyl groups, and advanced oxidation protein products after 24, 48, and 72 h, as well as a decreased concentration of glutathione (GSH) and protein sulfhydryl groups. The protein expression of Hsp27, Hsp60, and Hsp90 decreased at all time intervals, while the level of protein Hsp70 remained unchanged during the exposure. Similarly, the expression of p53, MDM2 and Bcl-2 was significantly decreased for all time intervals, while the expression of Bax, a marker for apoptosis, was insignificantly downregulated. These results correlated with the increase of pro-caspase 3 expression. The role of autophagy in cellular response to SiO2 NPs was demonstrated by a fluorescence-labeled method and by an increased level of LC3-II/LC3-I ratio. Taken together, our data suggested that SiO2 NPs induced ROS-mediated autophagy in MRC-5 cells as a possible mechanism of cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Nicoleta Petrache Voicu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania.
| | - Diana Dinu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Cornelia Sima
- Laser Department, National Institute of Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, 409 Atomistilor, Bucharest-Magurele 077125, Romania.
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania.
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Dentistry, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 1 Feleacului, Arad 310396, Romania.
| | - Aurel Ardelean
- Department of Experimental and Applied Biology, Institute of Life Sciences, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, 86 Rebreanu, Arad 310414, Romania.
| | - Elena Codrici
- Biochemistry Proteomics Department, Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, 99-101 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050096, Romania.
| | - Miruna Silvia Stan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Otilia Zărnescu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
| | - Anca Dinischiotu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 91-95 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest 050095, Romania.
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Guidi P, Nigro M, Bernardeschi M, Lucchesi P, Scarcelli V, Frenzilli G. Does the crystal habit modulate the genotoxic potential of silica particles? A cytogenetic evaluation in human and murine cell lines. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2015; 792:46-52. [PMID: 26433261 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Crystalline silica inhaled from occupational sources has been classified by IARC as carcinogenic to humans; in contrast, for amorphous silica, epidemiological and experimental evidence remains insufficient. The genotoxicity of crystalline silica is still debated because of the inconsistency of experimental results ("variability of silica hazard"), often related to the features of the particle surfaces. We have assessed the role of crystal habit in the genotoxicity of silica powders. Pure quartz (crystalline) and vitreous silica (amorphous), sharing the same surface features, were used in an in vitro study with human pulmonary epithelial (A549) and murine macrophage (RAW264.7) cell lines, representative of occupational and environmental exposures. Genotoxicity was evaluated by the comet and micronucleus assays, and cytotoxicity by the trypan blue method. Cells were treated with silica powders for 4 and 24h. Quartz but not vitreous silica caused cell death and DNA damage in RAW264.7 cells. A549 cells were relatively resistant to both powders. Our results support the view that crystal habit per se plays a pivotal role in modulating the biological responses to silica particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Guidi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - M Nigro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - M Bernardeschi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - P Lucchesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Scarcelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - G Frenzilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Tahir MN, Ragg R, Natalio F, Sahoo JK, Daniel P, Koynov K, Strand D, Strand S, Tremel W. Amine functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles as biocompatible and luminescent probes for ligand specific cellular imaging. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:2371-2377. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb01959h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Surface functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles show strong photoluminescence and are a versatile tool for cellular targeting due to their chemical functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Ruben Ragg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Filipe Natalio
- Institut für Chemie
- Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
- 06120 Halle
- Germany
| | - Jugal Kishore Sahoo
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Phillip Daniel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Kaloian Koynov
- Max Planck-Institut für Polymerforschung
- 55128 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Dennis Strand
- I. Medizinische Klinik
- Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Susanne Strand
- I. Medizinische Klinik
- Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55131 Mainz
- Germany
| | - Wolfgang Tremel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Analytische Chemie
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität
- 55099 Mainz
- Germany
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Pavan C, Rabolli V, Tomatis M, Fubini B, Lison D. Why does the hemolytic activity of silica predict its pro-inflammatory activity? Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:76. [PMID: 25522817 PMCID: PMC4318150 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0076-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hemolytic activity of inhaled particles such as silica has been widely investigated in the past and represents a usual toxicological endpoint to characterize particle reactivity despite the fact that red blood cells (RBCs) are not involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary inflammation or fibrosis caused by some inhaled particles. The inflammatory process induced by silica starts with the activation of the inflammasome, which leads to the release of mature IL-1β. One of the upstream mechanisms causing activation of the inflammasome is the labilization of the phagolysosomal membrane after particle phagocytosis. Considering RBC lysis as a model of membrane damage, we evaluated the relationship between hemolytic activity and inflammasome-dependent release of IL-1β for a panel of selected silica particles, in search of the toxicological significance of the hemolytic activity of an inhaled particle. METHODS Well-characterized silica particles, including four quartz samples and a vitreous silica, with different surface properties and hemolytic potential were tested for their capacity to induce inflammasome-dependent release of IL-1β in LPS-primed primary murine peritoneal macrophages by ELISA and Western blot analysis. The mechanisms of IL-1β maturation and release were clarified by using ASC-deficient cells and inhibitors of phagocytosis and cathepsin B. RESULTS The silica samples induced dose-dependent hemolysis and IL-1β release of different amplitudes. A significant correlation between IL-1β release and hemolytic activity was evidenced (r = 0.827) by linear regression analysis. IL-1β release was completely abolished in ASC-deficient cells and reduced by inhibitors, confirming the involvement of the inflammasome and the requirement of phagocytosis and cathepsin B for activation. CONCLUSIONS The same physico-chemical properties of silica particles which are relevant for the lysis of the RBC membrane also appear implicated in the labilization of the phagolysosome, leading to inflammasome activation and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. These findings strengthen the relevance of the hemolysis assay to predict the pro-inflammatory activity of silica dusts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Virginie Rabolli
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department of Chemistry, "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Bice Fubini
- Department of Chemistry, "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain Center for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52 - bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Chen X, Zhouhua W, Jie Z, Xinlu F, Jinqiang L, Yuwen Q, Zhiying H. Renal interstitial fibrosis induced by high-dose mesoporous silica nanoparticles via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 10:1-22. [PMID: 25565800 PMCID: PMC4275059 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s73538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that the nephrotoxicity induced by mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) is closely related to inflammation. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), a common rapid transcription factor associated with inflammation, plays an important role in the process of many kidney diseases. Acute toxicity assessment with a high-dose exposure is critical for the development of nanoparticle, as a part of standardized procedures for the evaluation of their toxicity. The present study was undertaken to observe the acute toxicity, predict the potential target organs of MSNs injury, and test the hypothesis that the NF-κB pathway plays a role in mediating the acute kidney injury and renal interstitial fibrosis in mice induced by MSNs. Balb/c mice were intraperitoneally injected with MSNs at concentrations of 150, 300, or 600 mg/kg. All of the animals were euthanized 2 and 12 days after exposure, and the blood and kidney tissues were collected for further studies. In vitro, the cytotoxicity, fibrosis markers, and NF-κB pathway were measured in a normal rat kidney cell line (NRK-52E). Acute kidney injury was induced by MSNs in mice after 2 days, some renal tubules regenerated and renal interstitial fibrosis was also observed. The expression of fibrosis markers and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the kidney homogenates increased after exposure to MSNs. The in vitro study showed that MSNs cause cytotoxicity in NRK-52E cells and increased the expression of fibrosis markers. In addition, the NF-κB pathway could be induced, and inhibition of the NF-κB pathway could alleviate the fibrosis caused by MSNs. We conclude that inflammation is a major effector of the acute kidney toxicity induced by MSNs and results in renal interstitial fibrosis, which is mediated by the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Pharmaceutical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Zhouhua
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhou Jie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu Xinlu
- Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Jinqiang
- Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Yuwen
- Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huang Zhiying
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China ; Center of Laboratory Animals, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Rabolli V, Badissi AA, Devosse R, Uwambayinema F, Yakoub Y, Palmai-Pallag M, Lebrun A, De Gussem V, Couillin I, Ryffel B, Marbaix E, Lison D, Huaux F. The alarmin IL-1α is a master cytokine in acute lung inflammation induced by silica micro- and nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:69. [PMID: 25497724 PMCID: PMC4279463 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0069-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammasome-activated IL-1β plays a major role in lung neutrophilic inflammation induced by inhaled silica. However, the exact mechanisms that contribute to the initial production of precursor IL-1β (pro-IL-1β) are still unclear. Here, we assessed the implication of alarmins (IL-1α, IL-33 and HMGB1) in the lung response to silica particles and found that IL-1α is a master cytokine that regulates IL-1β expression. Methods Pro- and mature IL-1β as well as alarmins were assessed by ELISA, Western Blot or qRT-PCR in macrophage cultures and in mouse lung following nano- and micrometric silica exposure. Implication of these immune mediators in the establishment of lung inflammatory responses to silica was investigated in knock-out mice or after antibody blockade by evaluating pulmonary neutrophil counts, CXCR2 expression and degree of histological injury. Results We found that the early release of IL-1α and IL-33, but not HMGB1 in alveolar space preceded the lung expression of pro-IL-1β and neutrophilic inflammation in silica-treated mice. In vitro, the production of pro-IL-1β by alveolar macrophages was significantly induced by recombinant IL-1α but not by IL-33. Neutralization or deletion of IL-1α reduced IL-1β production and neutrophil accumulation after silica in mice. Finally, IL-1α released by J774 macrophages after in vitro exposure to a range of micro- and nanoparticles of silica was correlated with the degree of lung inflammation induced in vivo by these particles. Conclusions We demonstrated that in response to silica exposure, IL-1α is rapidly released from pre-existing stocks in alveolar macrophages and promotes subsequent lung inflammation through the stimulation of IL-1β production. Moreover, we demonstrated that in vitro IL-1α release from macrophages can be used to predict the acute inflammogenic activity of silica micro- and nanoparticles. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12989-014-0069-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Rabolli
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Anissa Alami Badissi
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Raynal Devosse
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Francine Uwambayinema
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Mihaly Palmai-Pallag
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Astrid Lebrun
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Valentin De Gussem
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Isabelle Couillin
- University of Orléans, CNRS, UMR7355, INEM, Transgenose Institute, Orléans, France.
| | - Bernard Ryffel
- University of Orléans, CNRS, UMR7355, INEM, Transgenose Institute, Orléans, France.
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - François Huaux
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. .,Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (LTAP), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 52, B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Shinto H, Fukasawa T, Yoshisue K, Tezuka M, Orita M. Cell membrane disruption induced by amorphous silica nanoparticles in erythrocytes, lymphocytes, malignant melanocytes, and macrophages. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Konduru N, Keller J, Ma-Hock L, Gröters S, Landsiedel R, Donaghey TC, Brain JD, Wohlleben W, Molina RM. Biokinetics and effects of barium sulfate nanoparticles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2014; 11:55. [PMID: 25331813 PMCID: PMC4219084 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-014-0055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticulate barium sulfate has potential novel applications and wide use in the polymer and paint industries. A short-term inhalation study on barium sulfate nanoparticles (BaSO₄ NPs) was previously published [Part Fibre Toxicol 11:16, 2014]. We performed comprehensive biokinetic studies of ¹³¹BaSO₄ NPs administered via different routes and of acute and subchronic pulmonary responses to instilled or inhaled BaSO₄ in rats. METHODS We compared the tissue distribution of ¹³¹Ba over 28 days after intratracheal (IT) instillation, and over 7 days after gavage and intravenous (IV) injection of ¹³¹BaSO₄. Rats were exposed to 50 mg/m³ BaSO₄ aerosol for 4 or 13 weeks (6 h/day, 5 consecutive days/week), and then gross and histopathologic, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analyses were performed. BAL fluid from instilled rats was also analyzed. RESULTS Inhaled BaSO₄ NPs showed no toxicity after 4-week exposure, but a slight neutrophil increase in BAL after 13-week exposure was observed. Lung burden of inhaled BaSO₄ NPs after 4-week exposure (0.84 ± 0.18 mg/lung) decreased by 95% over 34 days. Instilled BaSO₄ NPs caused dose-dependent inflammatory responses in the lungs. Instilled BaSO₄ NPs (0.28 mg/lung) was cleared with a half-life of ≈ 9.6 days. Translocated ¹³¹Ba from the lungs was predominantly found in the bone (29%). Only 0.15% of gavaged dose was detected in all organs at 7 days. IV-injected ¹³¹BaSO₄ NPs were predominantly localized in the liver, spleen, lungs and bone at 2 hours, but redistributed from the liver to bone over time. Fecal excretion was the dominant elimination pathway for all three routes of exposure. CONCLUSIONS Pulmonary exposure to instilled BaSO₄ NPs caused dose-dependent lung injury and inflammation. Four-week and 13-week inhalation exposures to a high concentration (50 mg/m³) of BaSO₄ NPs elicited minimal pulmonary response and no systemic effects. Instilled and inhaled BaSO₄ NPs were cleared quickly yet resulted in higher tissue retention than when ingested. Particle dissolution is a likely mechanism. Injected BaSO₄ NPs localized in the reticuloendothelial organs and redistributed to the bone over time. BaSO₄ NP exhibited lower toxicity and biopersistence in the lungs compared to other poorly soluble NPs such as CeO₂ and TiO₂.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagarjun Konduru
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Jana Keller
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, GV/TB - Z470, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany.
| | - Lan Ma-Hock
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, GV/TB - Z470, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany.
| | - Sibylle Gröters
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, GV/TB - Z470, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany.
| | - Robert Landsiedel
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, GV/TB - Z470, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany.
| | - Thomas C Donaghey
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Joseph D Brain
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Wendel Wohlleben
- Experimental Toxicology and Ecology, BASF SE, GV/TB - Z470, Carl-Bosch-Straße 38, Ludwigshafen, 67056, Germany.
| | - Ramon M Molina
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Scully RR, Lam CW, James JT. Estimating safe human exposure levels for lunar dust using benchmark dose modeling of data from inhalation studies in rats. Inhal Toxicol 2014; 25:785-93. [PMID: 24304305 DOI: 10.3109/08958378.2013.849315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The pulmonary toxicity of airborne lunar dust was assessed in rats exposed by nose-only inhalation to 0, 2.1, 6.8, 20.8 and 60.6 mg/m3 of respirable size lunar dust. Rats were exposed for 6 h/d, 5 d/week, for 4 weeks (120 h). Biomarkers of toxicity were assessed in bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected at 1 d, 1 week, 4 weeks or 13 weeks post-exposure for a total of 76 endpoints. Benchmark dose (BMD) analysis was conducted on endpoints that appeared to be sensitive to dose. The number of endpoints that met criteria for modeling was 30. This number was composed of 13 endpoints that produced data suitable for parametric analysis and 17 that produced non-normal data. Mean BMD values determined from models generated from non-normal data were lower but not significantly different from the mean BMD of models derived from normally distributed data. Thus BMDs ranged from a minimum of 10.4 (using the average BMD from all 30 modeled endpoints) to a maximum of 16.6 (using the average BMD from the most restricted set of models). This range of BMDs yields safe exposure estimate (SEE) values of 0.6 and 0.9 mg/m3, respectively, when BMDs are extrapolated to humans, using a species factor of 3 and extrapolated from a 1-month exposure to an anticipated 6-month lunar surface exposure. This estimate is very similar to a no-observable-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) determined from the same studies (0.4 mg/m3) and a SEE derived from a study of rats that were intratracheally instilled with lunar dusts (0.5-1.0 mg/m3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Scully
- Wyle Science, Technology & Engineering Group , Houston, TX , USA and
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43
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Rotoli BM, Guidi P, Bonelli B, Bernardeschi M, Bianchi MG, Esposito S, Frenzilli G, Lucchesi P, Nigro M, Scarcelli V, Tomatis M, Zanello PP, Fubini B, Bussolati O, Bergamaschi E. Imogolite: An Aluminosilicate Nanotube Endowed with Low Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1142-54. [DOI: 10.1021/tx500002d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrizia Guidi
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Barbara Bonelli
- Department
of Applied Science and Technology and INSTM, Unit of Torino Politecnico, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Serena Esposito
- Department
of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043 Cassino, Italy
| | - Giada Frenzilli
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Paolo Lucchesi
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Nigro
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vittoria Scarcelli
- Department
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maura Tomatis
- Department
of Chemistry and “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Center
for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Bice Fubini
- Department
of Chemistry and “G. Scansetti” Interdepartmental Center
for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, 10125 Turin, Italy
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44
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Schulz J, Berk J, Suhl J, Schrader L, Kaufhold S, Mewis I, Hafez HM, Ulrichs C. Characterization, mode of action, and efficacy of twelve silica-based acaricides against poultry red mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) in vitro. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:3167-75. [PMID: 24908434 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Poultry red mite infestation still is an unsolved problem in poultry farms. Legal regulations, residue risks, and resistances limit chemical control of mites. Alternatives to chemical acaricides for control of poultry red mite are silica-based products, which have as a main constituent silicon dioxide. The acaricidal effect is attributed to sorptive properties of the particles, which result in the mite's death by desiccation. In the present study, the acaricidal efficacy of 12 products containing natural or synthetic silica, 9 in powder form, and 3 for liquid application was tested under laboratory conditions. Mite mortality was measured at several intervals and the mean lethal time (LT₅₀) determined by Probit analysis after Abbott's correction. The LT₅₀ values of the products significantly differed (Tukey's HSD p < 0.05). LT₅₀ values of powdery formulations ranged from 5.1 to 18.7 h and overlapped with those of the fluid ones which ranged from 5.5 to 12.7 h. In order to explain the differences in efficacy of the tested silica products, further characterizations were carried out. X-ray fluorescence, specific surface, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and water absorption capacity (WAC) were measured. Furthermore, electron microscopy was conducted and different products compared. Silicon dioxide content (ranging from 65 to 89% for powders and 57 to 80% for fluids) had no significant impact on efficacy, while specific surface and CEC (2.4-23.2 mEq 100(-1) g(-1) for powders and 18-30.8 mEq 100(-1) g(-1)) were positively and WAC (1.3-4.4 wt% for powders and 3.3-4.8 wt% for fluids) negatively related to the acaricidal efficacy. Influence of these parameters on acaricidal efficacy was significant according to the results of a stepwise regression analysis (p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schulz
- Institute of Animal Welfare and Animal Husbandry, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Celle, Germany
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45
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Rashidi M, Malekirad AA, Abdollahi M, Habibollahi S, Dolatyari N, Narimani M. The Effect of Tea-Cinnamon and <i>Melissa officinalis</i> L. Aqueous Extraction, on Neuropsychology Distress, Biochemical and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Glass Production Workers. Health (London) 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2014.619298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Silica phagocytosis causes apoptosis and necrosis by different temporal and molecular pathways in alveolar macrophages. Apoptosis 2013; 18:271-85. [PMID: 23329178 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-012-0798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inhalation of crystalline silica is an occupational hazard that results in silicosis due to the toxicity of silica particles to lung cells. Alveolar macrophages play an important role in clearance of these particles, and exposure of macrophages to silica particles causes cell death and induction of markers of apoptosis. Using time-lapse imaging of MH-S alveolar macrophages, a temporal sequence was established for key molecular events mediating cell death. The results demonstrate that 80 % of macrophages die by apoptosis and 20 % by necrosis by clearly distinguishable pathways. The earliest detectable cellular event is phago-lysosomal leakage, which occurs between 30 and 120 min after particle uptake in both modes of death. Between 3 and 6 h later, cells undergoing apoptosis showed a dramatic increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, closely correlated with activation of both caspase-3 and 9 and cell blebbing. Externalization of phosphatidyl serine and nuclear condensation occurred 30 min-2 h after the initiation of cell blebbing. Cells undergoing necrosis demonstrated mitochondrial membrane depolarization but not hyperpolarization and no caspase activation. Cell swelling followed the decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, distinguishing necrosis from apoptosis. All cells undergoing apoptosis followed the same temporal sequence, but the time lag between phago-lysosomal leakage and the other events was highly variable from cell to cell. These results demonstrate that crystalline silica exposure can result in either apoptosis or necrosis and each occurs in a well-defined but temporally variable order. The long time gap between phago-lysosomal leakage and hyperpolarization is not consistent with a simple scenario of phago-lysosomal leakage leading directly to cell death. The results highlight the importance of using a cell by cell time-lapse analysis to investigate a complex pathway such as silica induced cell death.
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Kim SM, Im GH, Lee DG, Lee JH, Lee WJ, Lee IS. Mn(2+)-doped silica nanoparticles for hepatocyte-targeted detection of liver cancer in T1-weighted MRI. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8941-8. [PMID: 23973173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
With an aim to examine the possibility of developing a liver-specific MRI contrast agent that takes advantages of brightly enhanced MR images by Mn²⁺ whilst making up the limitations of the pre-developed contrast agent, the Mn²⁺-doped SiO₂ nanoparticles (Mn-SiO₂) were synthesized and their characteristics as MR contrast agents were investigated. The in vitro and in vivo investigations showed that Mn-SiO₂ has unique MR contrast-enhancing characteristics that activate positive contrast enhancement in T1-weighted MR images only under low pH conditions by liberating Mn²⁺ ions from MR inactive nanoparticles. The administration of Mn-SiO₂ to an orthotopic xenograft model of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulted in a differentiation of enhancement periods between HCC and normal parenchyma tissues on T1-weighted MR images and consequently presented the duplicates of the highly contrast-enhanced liver image with an equal liver-to-HCC contrast ratio but opposite contrast. The Mn-SiO₂-enhanced MR imaging therefore allowed for the repetitive detection of the HCC within a single MR imaging session, which can help us to achieve more reliable diagnosis and characterization of liver lesions than is possible with any currently used Mn²⁺-based contrast agent. In addition, the in vivo biodistribution study also supported the effectiveness of Mn-SiO₂ nanoparticles as a liver-specific MRI contrast agent, which efficiently delivers and releases the T1-contrasting Mn²⁺ ions to targeted hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Min Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Gyeongbuk 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Pavan C, Tomatis M, Ghiazza M, Rabolli V, Bolis V, Lison D, Fubini B. In search of the chemical basis of the hemolytic potential of silicas. Chem Res Toxicol 2013; 26:1188-98. [PMID: 23819533 DOI: 10.1021/tx400105f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The membranolytic activity of silica particles toward red blood cells (RBCs) has been known for a long time and is sometimes associated with silica pathogenicity. However, the molecular mechanism and the reasons why hemolysis differs according to the silica form are still obscure. A panel of 15 crystalline (pure and commercial) and amorphous (pyrogenic, precipitated from aqueous solutions, vitreous) silica samples differing in size, origin, morphology, and surface chemical composition were selected and specifically prepared. Silica particles were grouped into six groups to compare their potential in disrupting RBC membranes so that one single property differed in each group, while other features were constant. Free radical production and crystallinity were not strict determinants of hemolytic activity. Particle curvature and morphology modulated the hemolytic effect, but silanols and siloxane bridges at the surface were the main actors. Hemolysis was unrelated to the overall concentration of silanols as fully rehydrated surfaces (such as those obtained from aqueous solution) were inert, and one pyrogenic silica also lost its membranolytic potential upon progressive dehydration. Overall results are consistent with a model whereby hemolysis is determined by a defined surface distribution of dissociated/undissociated silanols and siloxane groups strongly interacting with specific epitopes on the RBC membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, Department of Chemistry, University of Torino , Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
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Tarn D, Ashley CE, Xue M, Carnes EC, Zink JI, Brinker CJ. Mesoporous silica nanoparticle nanocarriers: biofunctionality and biocompatibility. Acc Chem Res 2013; 46:792-801. [PMID: 23387478 DOI: 10.1021/ar3000986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 592] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The study of ordered mesoporous silica materials has exploded since their discovery by Mobil researchers 20 years ago. The ability to make uniformly sized, porous, and dispersible nanoparticles using colloidal chemistry and evaporation-induced self-assembly has led to many applications of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) as "nanocarriers" for delivery of drugs and other cargos to cells. The exceptionally high surface area of MSNPs, often exceeding 1000 m²/g, and the ability to independently modify pore size and surface chemistry, enables the loading of diverse cargos and cargo combinations at levels exceeding those of other common drug delivery carriers such as liposomes or polymer conjugates. This is because noncovalent electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding, and van der Waals interactions of the cargo with the MSNP internal surface cause preferential adsorption of cargo to the MSNP, allowing loading capacities to surpass the solubility limit of a solution or that achievable by osmotic gradient loading. The ability to independently modify the MSNP surface and interior makes possible engineered biofunctionality and biocompatibility. In this Account, we detail our recent efforts to develop MSNPs as biocompatible nanocarriers (Figure 1 ) that simultaneously display multiple functions including (1) high visibility/contrast in multiple imaging modalities, (2) dispersibility, (3) binding specificity to a particular target tissue or cell type, (4) ability to load and deliver large concentrations of diverse cargos, and (5) triggered or controlled release of cargo. Toward function 1, we chemically conjugated fluorescent dyes or incorporated magnetic nanoparticles to enable in vivo optical or magnetic resonance imaging. For function 2, we have made MSNPs with polymer coatings, charged groups, or supported lipid bilayers, which decrease aggregation and improve stability in saline solutions. For functions 3 and 4, we have enhanced passive bioaccumulation via the enhanced permeability and retention effect by modifying the MSNP surfaces with positively charged polymers. We have also chemically attached ligands to MSNPs that selectively bind to receptors overexpressed in cancer cells. We have used encapsulation of MSNPs within reconfigurable supported lipid bilayers to develop new classes of responsive nanocarriers that actively interact with the target cell. Toward function 4, we exploit the high surface area and tailorable surface chemistry of MSNPs to retain hydrophobic drugs. Finally, for function 5, we have engineered dynamic behaviors by incorporating molecular machines within or at the entrances of MSNP pores and by using ligands, polymers, or lipid bilayers. These provide a means to seal-in and retain cargo and to direct MSNP interactions with and internalization by target cells. Application of MSNPs as nanocarriers requires biocompatibility and low toxicity. Here the intrinsic porosity of the MSNP surface reduces the extent of hydrogen bonding or electrostatic interactions with cell membranes as does surface coating with polymers or lipid bilayers. Furthermore, the high surface area and low extent of condensation of the MSNP siloxane framework promote a high rate of dissolution into soluble silicic acid species, which are found to be nontoxic. Potential toxicity is further mitigated by the high drug capacity of MSNPs, which greatly reduces needed dosages compared with other nanocarriers. We anticipate that future generations of MSNPs incorporating molecular machines and encapsulated by membrane-like lipid bilayers will achieve a new level of controlled cellular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derrick Tarn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | - Carlee E. Ashley
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Min Xue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
| | | | | | - C. Jeffrey Brinker
- Self-Assembled Materials Department, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Guidi P, Nigro M, Bernardeschi M, Scarcelli V, Lucchesi P, Onida B, Mortera R, Frenzilli G. Genotoxicity of amorphous silica particles with different structure and dimension in human and murine cell lines. Mutagenesis 2013; 28:171-80. [PMID: 23325795 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/ges068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although amorphous silica is used in food products, cosmetics and paints and as vector for drug delivery, data on its potential health hazard are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of silica particles of different sizes (250 and 500nm) and structures (dense and mesoporous). Dense silica (DS) spheres were prepared by sol-gel synthesis, mesoporous silica particles (MCM-41) were prepared using hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as a structure-directing agent and tetraethylorthosilicate as silica source. Particles were accurately characterised by dynamic light scattering, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Murine macrophages (RAW264.7) and human epithelial lung (A549) cell lines were selected for investigation. Genotoxicity was evaluated by Comet assay and micronucleus test. Cytotoxicity was tested by the trypan blue method. Cells were treated with 0, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 80 µg/cm(2) of different silica powders for 4 and 24 h. The intracellular localisation of silica was investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Amorphous particles penetrated into the cells, being compartmentalised within endocytic vacuoles. DS and MCM-41 particles induced cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in A549 and RAW264.7 although to different extent in the two cell lines. A549 were resistant in terms of cell viability, but showed a generalised induction of DNA strand breaks. RAW264.7 were susceptible to amorphous silica exposure, exhibiting both cytotoxic and genotoxic responses as DNA strand breaks and chromosomal alterations. The cytotoxic response of RAW264.7 was particularly relevant after MCM-41 exposure. The genotoxicity of amorphous silica highlights the need for a proper assessment of its potential hazard for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Guidi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Unità di Biologia applicata e Genetica, Università di Pisa, Via A. Volta 4, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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