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Chen T, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Gao W, Zhang P, Guo L, Yang D. Genome-wide identification of the endonuclease family genes implicates potential roles of TaENDO23 in drought-stressed response and grain development in wheat. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:919. [PMID: 39358686 PMCID: PMC11448025 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endonucleases play a crucial role in plant growth and stress response by breaking down nuclear DNA. However, the specific members and biological functions of the endonuclease encoding genes in wheat remain to be determined. RESULTS In this study, we identified a total of 26 TaENDO family genes at the wheat genome-wide level. These genes were located on chromosomes 2 A, 2B, 2D, 3 A, 3B, and 3D and classified into four groups, each sharing similar gene structures and conserved motifs. Furthermore, we identified diverse stress-response and growth-related cis-elements in the promoter of TaENDO genes, which were broadly expressed in different organs, and several TaENDO genes were significantly induced under drought and salt stresses. We further examined the biological function of TaENDO23 gene since it was rapidly induced under drought stress and exhibited high expression in spikes and grains. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that TaENDO23 was localized in the cytoplasm of wheat protoplasts. qRT-PCR results indicated that the expression of TaENDO23 increased under PEG6000 and abscisic acid treatments, but decreased under NaCl treatment. TaENDO23 mainly expressed in leaves and spikes. A kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) marker was developed to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in TaENDO23 gene in 256 wheat accessions. The alleles with TaENDO23-HapI haplotypes had higher grain weight and size compared to TaENDO23-HapII. The geographical and annual frequency distributions of the two TaENDO23 haplotypes revealed that the elite haplotype TaENDO23-HapI was positively selected in the wheat breeding process. CONCLUSION We systematically analyzed the evolutionary relationships, gene structure characteristics, and expression patterns of TaENDO genes in wheat. The expression of TaENDO23, in particular, was induced under drought stress, mainly expressed in the leaves and grains. The KASP marker of TaENDO23 gene successfully distinguished between the wheat accessions, revealing TaENDO23-HapI as the elite haplotype associated with improved grain weight and size. These findings provide insights into the evolution and characteristics of TaENDO genes at the genome-wide level in wheat, laying the foundation for further biological analysis of TaENDO23 gene, especially in response to drought stress and grain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Long Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Weidong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Lijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China
| | - Delong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730070, China.
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Chen XM, Wang ZW, Liang XG, Li FY, Li BB, Wu G, Yi F, Setter TL, Shen S, Zhou SL. Incomplete filling in the basal region of maize endosperm: timing of development of starch synthesis and cell vitality. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39348485 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.17043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
Starch synthesis in maize endosperm adheres to the basipetal sequence from the apex downwards. However, the mechanism underlying nonuniformity among regions of the endosperm in starch accumulation and its significance is poorly understood. Here, we examined the spatiotemporal transcriptomes and starch accumulation dynamics in apical (AE), middle (ME), and basal (BE) regions of endosperm throughout the filling stage. Results demonstrated that the BE had lower levels of gene transcripts and enzymes facilitating starch synthesis, corresponding to incomplete starch storage at maturity, compared with AE and ME. Contrarily, the BE showed abundant gene expression for genetic processing and slow progress in physiological development (quantified by an index calculated from the expression values of development progress marker genes), revealing a sustained cell vitality of the BE. Further analysis demonstrated a significant parabolic correlation between starch synthesis and physiological development. An in-depth examination showed that the BE had more active signaling pathways of IAA and ABA than the AE throughout the filling stage, while ethylene showed the opposite pattern. Besides, SNF1-related protein kinase1 (SnRK1) activity, a regulator for starch synthesis modulated by trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P) signaling, was kept at a lower level in the BE than the AE and ME, corresponding to the distinct gene expression in the T6P pathway in starch synthesis regulation. Collectively, the findings support an improved understanding of the timing of starch synthesis and cell vitality in regions of the endosperm during development, and potential regulation from hormone signaling and T6P/SnRK1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiao-Gui Liang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Agronomy College, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Jiangxi, 330045, China
| | - Feng-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Bin-Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Gong Wu
- Agronomy College, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tim L Setter
- Section of Soil and Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Si Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, 061802, China
| | - Shun-Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Maize Bio-breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Innovation Center of Agricultural Technology for Lowland Plain of Hebei, Wuqiao, 061802, China
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3
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Doll NM, Nowack MK. Endosperm cell death: roles and regulation in angiosperms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4346-4359. [PMID: 38364847 PMCID: PMC7616292 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Double fertilization in angiosperms results in the formation of a second zygote, the fertilized endosperm. Unlike its embryo sibling, the endosperm is a transient structure that eventually undergoes developmentally controlled programmed cell death (PCD) at specific time points of seed development or germination. The nature of endosperm PCD exhibits a considerable diversity, both across different angiosperm taxa and within distinct endosperm tissues. In endosperm-less species, PCD might cause central cell degeneration as a mechanism preventing the formation of a fertilized endosperm. In most other angiosperms, embryo growth necessitates the elimination of surrounding endosperm cells. Nevertheless, complete elimination of the endosperm is rare and, in most cases, specific endosperm tissues persist. In mature seeds, these persisting cells may be dead, such as the starchy endosperm in cereals, or remain alive to die only during germination, like the cereal aleurone or the endosperm of castor beans. In this review, we explore current knowledge surrounding the cellular, molecular, and genetic aspects of endosperm PCD, and the influence environmental stresses have on PCD processes. Overall, this review provides an exhaustive overview of endosperm PCD processes in angiosperms, shedding light on its diverse mechanisms and its significance in seed development and seedling establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas M. Doll
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Moritz K. Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium
- VIB Center of Plant Systems Biology, Ghent 9052, Belgium
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4
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Wang H, Huang Y, Li Y, Cui Y, Xiang X, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Wang X, Ma G, Xiao Q, Huang X, Gao X, Wang J, Lu X, Larkins BA, Wang W, Wu Y. An ARF gene mutation creates flint kernel architecture in dent maize. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2565. [PMID: 38519520 PMCID: PMC10960022 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Dent and flint kernel architectures are important characteristics that affect the physical properties of maize kernels and their grain end uses. The genes controlling these traits are unknown, so it is difficult to combine the advantageous kernel traits of both. We found mutation of ARFTF17 in a dent genetic background reduces IAA content in the seed pericarp, creating a flint-like kernel phenotype. ARFTF17 is highly expressed in the pericarp and encodes a protein that interacts with and inhibits MYB40, a transcription factor with the dual functions of repressing PIN1 expression and transactivating genes for flavonoid biosynthesis. Enhanced flavonoid biosynthesis could reduce the metabolic flux responsible for auxin biosynthesis. The decreased IAA content of the dent pericarp appears to reduce cell division and expansion, creating a shorter, denser kernel. Introgression of the ARFTF17 mutation into dent inbreds and hybrids improved their kernel texture, integrity, and desiccation, without affecting yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihai Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yongcai Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yujie Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yahui Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yidong Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- Forestry and Pomology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shanghai, 201403, China
| | - Guangjin Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiao Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xing Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiechen Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xiaoduo Lu
- Institute of Molecular Breeding for Maize, Qilu Normal University, Jinan, 250200, China
| | - Brian A Larkins
- School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Wenqin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Yongrui Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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5
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Zhang S, Ghatak A, Mohammadi Bazargani M, Kramml H, Zang F, Gao S, Ramšak Ž, Gruden K, Varshney RK, Jiang D, Chaturvedi P, Weckwerth W. Cell-type proteomic and metabolomic resolution of early and late grain filling stages of wheat endosperm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:555-571. [PMID: 38050335 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional value of wheat grains, particularly their protein and metabolite composition, is a result of the grain-filling process, especially in the endosperm. Here, we employ laser microdissection (LMD) combined with shotgun proteomics and metabolomics to generate a cell type-specific proteome and metabolome inventory of developing wheat endosperm at the early (15 DAA) and late (26 DAA) grain-filling stages. We identified 1803 proteins and 41 metabolites from four different cell types (aleurone (AL), sub-aleurone (SA), starchy endosperm (SE) and endosperm transfer cells (ETCs). Differentially expressed proteins were detected, 67 in the AL, 31 in the SA, 27 in the SE and 50 in the ETCs between these two-time points. Cell-type accumulation of specific SUT and GLUT transporters, sucrose converting and starch biosynthesis enzymes correlate well with the respective sugar metabolites, suggesting sugar upload and starch accumulation via nucellar projection and ETC at 15 DAA in contrast to the later stage at 26 DAA. Changes in various protein levels between AL, SA and ETC support this metabolic switch from 15 to 26 DAA. The distinct spatial and temporal abundances of proteins and metabolites revealed a contrasting activity of nitrogen assimilation pathways, e.g. for GOGAT, GDH and glutamic acid, in the different cell types from 15 to 26 DAA, which can be correlated with specific protein accumulation in the endosperm. The integration of cell-type specific proteome and metabolome data revealed a complex metabolic interplay of the different cell types and a functional switch during grain development and grain-filling processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Hannes Kramml
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fujuan Zang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Živa Ramšak
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Kristina Gruden
- Department of Systems Biology and Biotechnology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rajeev K Varshney
- State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre, Centre for Crop and Food Innovation, Food Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Dong Jiang
- National Technique Innovation Center for Regional Wheat Production/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology, Ministry of Agriculture/Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology Lab (MOSYS), Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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6
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Shen L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Sun Z, Wang Z, Jiao Y, Shen K, Guo Z. A transcriptional atlas identifies key regulators and networks for the development of spike tissues in barley. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113441. [PMID: 37971941 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Grain number and size determine grain yield in crops and are closely associated with spikelet fertility and grain filling in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Abortion of spikelet primordia within individual barley spikes causes a 30%-50% loss in the potential number of grains during development from the awn primordium stage to the tipping stage, after that grain filling is the primary factor regulating grain size. To identify transcriptional signatures associated with spike development, we use a six-rowed barley cultivar (Morex) to develop a spatiotemporal transcriptome atlas containing 255 samples covering 17 stages and 5 positions along the spike. We identify several fundamental regulatory networks, in addition to key regulators of spike development and morphology. Specifically, we show HvGELP96, encoding a GDSL domain-containing protein, as a regulator of spikelet fertility and grain number. Our transcriptional atlas offers a powerful resource to answer fundamental questions in spikelet development and degeneration in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuannian Jiao
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Kuocheng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zifeng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China.
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7
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Barros JAS, Chatt EC, Augustine RC, McLoughlin F, Li F, Otegui MS, Vierstra RD. Autophagy during maize endosperm development dampens oxidative stress and promotes mitochondrial clearance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1395-1415. [PMID: 37335933 PMCID: PMC10517192 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The selective turnover of macromolecules by autophagy provides a critical homeostatic mechanism for recycling cellular constituents and for removing superfluous and damaged organelles, membranes, and proteins. To better understand how autophagy impacts seed maturation and nutrient storage, we studied maize (Zea mays) endosperm in its early and middle developmental stages via an integrated multiomic approach using mutants impacting the core macroautophagy factor AUTOPHAGY (ATG)-12 required for autophagosome assembly. Surprisingly, the mutant endosperm in these developmental windows accumulated normal amounts of starch and Zein storage proteins. However, the tissue acquired a substantially altered metabolome, especially for compounds related to oxidative stress and sulfur metabolism, including increases in cystine, dehydroascorbate, cys-glutathione disulfide, glucarate, and galactarate, and decreases in peroxide and the antioxidant glutathione. While changes in the associated transcriptome were mild, the proteome was strongly altered in the atg12 endosperm, especially for increased levels of mitochondrial proteins without a concomitant increase in mRNA abundances. Although fewer mitochondria were seen cytologically, a heightened number appeared dysfunctional based on the accumulation of dilated cristae, consistent with attenuated mitophagy. Collectively, our results confirm that macroautophagy plays a minor role in the accumulation of starch and storage proteins during maize endosperm development but likely helps protect against oxidative stress and clears unneeded/dysfunctional mitochondria during tissue maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A S Barros
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Chatt
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Robert C Augustine
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Fionn McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Faqiang Li
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Richard D Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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Kaźmierczak A, Tarkowská D, Plačková L, Doniak M, Doležal K. Hormonal crosstalk controls cell death induced by kinetin in roots of Vicia faba ssp. minor seedlings. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11661. [PMID: 37468550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of vitality/mortality of cortex cells, as well as of the concentrations of ethylene (ETH), gibberellins (GAs), indolic compounds/auxins (ICs/AUXs) and cytokinins (CKs), were undertaken to explain the hormonal background of kinetin (Kin)-regulated cell death (RCD), which is induced in the cortex of the apical parts of roots of faba bean (Vicia faba ssp. minor) seedlings. Quantification was carried out with fluorescence microscopy, ETH sensors, spectrophotometry and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS). The results indicated that Kin was metabolized to the transport form, i.e., kinetin-9-glucoside (Kin9G) and kinetin riboside (KinR). KinR was then converted to cis-zeatin (cZ) in apical parts of roots with meristems, to cis-zeatin riboside (cZR) in apical parts of roots without meristems and finally to cis-zeatin riboside 5'-monophosphate (cZR5'MP), which is indicated to be a ligand of cytokinin-dependent receptors inducing CD. The process may be enhanced by an increase in the amount of dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR) as a byproduct of the pathway of zeatin metabolism. It seems that crosstalk of ETH, ICs/AUXs, GAs and CKs with the cZR5'MP, the cis-zeatin-dependent pathway, but not the trans-zeatin-dependent pathway, is responsible for Kin-RCD, indicating that the process is very specific and offers a useful model for studies of CD hallmarks in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kaźmierczak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Plačková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Magdalena Doniak
- Department of Cytophysiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236, Łódź, Poland
| | - Karel Doležal
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, and Faculty of Science Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Chemical Biology and Genetics, Center of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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9
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Li Y, Li D, E L, Yang J, Liu W, Xu M, Ye J. ZmDRR206 Regulates Nutrient Accumulation in Endosperm through Its Role in Cell Wall Biogenesis during Maize Kernel Development. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108735. [PMID: 37240079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dirigent proteins (DIRs) contribute to plant fitness by dynamically reorganizing the cell wall and/or by generating defense compounds during plant growth, development, and interactions with environmental stresses. ZmDRR206 is a maize DIR, it plays a role in maintaining cell wall integrity during seedling growth and defense response in maize, but its role in regulating maize kernel development is unclear. Association analysis of candidate genes indicated that the natural variations of ZmDRR206 were significantly associated with maize hundred-kernel weight (HKW). ZmDRR206 plays a dominant role in storage nutrient accumulation in endosperm during maize kernel development, ZmDRR206 overexpression resulted in small and shrunken maize kernel with significantly reduced starch content and significantly decreased HKW. Cytological characterization of the developing maize kernels revealed that ZmDRR206 overexpression induced dysfunctional basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) cells, which were shorter with less wall ingrowth, and defense response was constitutively activated in developing maize kernel at 15 and 18 DAP by ZmDRR206 overexpression. The BETL-development-related genes and auxin signal-related genes were down-regulated, while cell wall biogenesis-related genes were up-regulated in developing BETL of the ZmDRR206-overexpressing kernel. Moreover, the developing ZmDRR206-overexpressing kernel had significantly reduced contents of the cell wall components such as cellulose and acid soluble lignin. These results suggest that ZmDRR206 may play a regulatory role in coordinating cell development, storage nutrient metabolism, and stress responses during maize kernel development through its role in cell wall biogenesis and defense response, and provides new insights into understanding the mechanisms of kernel development in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanmei Li
- National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lizhu E
- National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiayi Yang
- National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingliang Xu
- National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianrong Ye
- National Maize Improvement Center, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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10
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Branlard G, d'Orlando A, Tahir A, Schmutz M, Rhazi L, Faye A, Aussenac T. The conformation of glutenin polymers in wheat grain: some genetic and environmental factors associated with this important characteristic. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2653-2666. [PMID: 36629279 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In a previous study we used asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation to determine the polymer mass (Mw), gyration radius (Rw) and the polydispersity index of glutenin polymers (GPs) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Here, using the same multi-location trials (4 years, 11 locations, and 192 cultivars), we report the factors that are associated with the conformation (Conf) of the polymers, which is the slope of Log(Rw) versus a function of Log(Mw). We found that Conf varied between 0.285 and 0.740, it had low broad-sense heritability (H2=16.8), and it was significantly influenced by the temperature occurring over the last month of grain filling. Higher temperatures were found to increase Rw and the compactness and sphericity of GPs. Alleles for both high- and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits had a significant influence on the Conf value. Assuming a Gaussian distribution for Mw, the number of polymers present in wheat grains was computed for different kernel weights and protein concentrations, and it was found to exceed 1012 GPs per grain. Using atomic force microscopy and cryo-TEM, images of GPs were obtained for the first time. Under higher average temperature, GPs became larger and more spherical and consequently less prone to rapid hydrolysis. We propose some orientations that could be aimed at potentially reducing the impact of numerous GPs on people suffering from non-celiac gluten sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gérard Branlard
- The French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), UCA UMR1095 GDEC, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Angelina d'Orlando
- The French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), Unité BIA-Plateforme BIBS, 3 Impasse Yvette Cauchois, 44 316 Nantes, France
| | - Ayesha Tahir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Tarlai Kalan, 45550 Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Marc Schmutz
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron, 23 rue du Loess, B.P. 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Larbi Rhazi
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
| | - Annie Faye
- The French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE), UCA UMR1095 GDEC, 5 Chemin de Beaulieu, 63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Thierry Aussenac
- Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université d'Artois, ULR 7519, 19 rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026 Beauvais, France
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11
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Nowicka A, Ferková Ľ, Said M, Kovacik M, Zwyrtková J, Baroux C, Pecinka A. Non-Rabl chromosome organization in endoreduplicated nuclei of barley embryo and endosperm tissues. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:2527-2541. [PMID: 36705553 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Rabl organization is a type of interphase chromosome arrangement with centromeres and telomeres clustering at opposite nuclear poles. Here, we analyzed nuclear morphology and chromosome organization in cycling and endoreduplicated nuclei isolated from embryo and endosperm tissues of developing barley seeds. We show that endoreduplicated nuclei have an irregular shape, less sister chromatid cohesion at 5S rDNA loci, and a reduced amount of centromeric histone CENH3. While the chromosomes of the embryo and endosperm nuclei are initially organized in Rabl configuration, the centromeres and telomeres are intermingled within the nuclear space in the endoreduplicated nuclei with an increasing endoreduplication level. Such a loss of chromosome organization suggests that Rabl configuration is introduced and further reinforced by mitotic divisions in barley cell nuclei in a tissue- and seed age-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowicka
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- The Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ľuboslava Ferková
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mahmoud Said
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, 9 Gamma Street, Giza, Cairo, 12619, Egypt
| | - Martin Kovacik
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Zwyrtková
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Célia Baroux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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12
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Zhang M, Zheng H, Jin L, Xing L, Zou J, Zhang L, Liu C, Chu J, Xu M, Wang L. miR169o and ZmNF-YA13 act in concert to coordinate the expression of ZmYUC1 that determines seed size and weight in maize kernels. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:2270-2284. [PMID: 35713356 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play key regulatory roles in seed development and emerge as new key targets for engineering grain size and yield. The Zma-miRNA169 family is highly expressed during maize seed development, but its functional roles in seed development remain elusive. Here, we generated zma-miR169o and ZmNF-YA13 transgenic plants. Phenotypic and genetic analyses were performed on these lines. Seed development and auxins contents were investigated. Overexpression of maize miRNA zma-miR169o increases seed size and weight, whereas the opposite is true when its expression is suppressed. Further studies revealed that zma-miR169 acts by negatively regulating its target gene, a transcription factor ZmNF-YA13 that also plays a key role in determining seed size. We demonstrate that ZmNF-YA13 regulates the expression of the auxin biosynthetic gene ZmYUC1, which modulates auxin levels in the early developing seeds and determines the number of endosperm cells, thereby governing maize seed size and ultimately yield. Overall, our present study has identified zma-miR169o and ZmNF-YA13 that form a functional module regulating auxin accumulation in maize seeds and playing an important role in determining maize seed size and yield, providing a set of novel molecular tools for yield improvement in molecular breeding and genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyan Zheng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), 572022, Sanya, Hainan, China
| | - Lian Jin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Xing
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Zou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Cuimei Liu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100039, Beijing, China
| | - Miaoyun Xu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genomics (Beijing), Ministry of Agriculture, 100081, Beijing, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), 572022, Sanya, Hainan, China
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13
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Royo J, Muñiz LM, Gómez E, Añazco-Guenkova AM, Hueros G. Distinct Hormone Signalling-Modulation Activities Characterize Two Maize Endosperm-Specific Type-A Response Regulators. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11151992. [PMID: 35956471 PMCID: PMC9370639 DOI: 10.3390/plants11151992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
ZmTCRR1 and 2 are type-A response regulators expressed in the maize endosperm transfer cells (TC). While type-B response regulators transcriptionally control canonical type-A response regulators, as part of the cytokinin signal transduction mechanism, the ZmTCRRs are regulated by ZmMRP1, a master regulator of TC identity. In addition, the corresponding proteins are not detected in the TC, accumulating in the inner endosperm cells instead. These features suggest these molecules are not involved in classical, cell-autonomous, cytokinin signalling pathways. Using transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing these genes, we have shown that ZmTCRR1 and 2 can modulate auxin and cytokinin signalling, respectively. In Arabidopsis, the ectopic expression of ZmTCRR2 blocked, almost completely, cytokinin perception. Given the conservation of these signalling pathways at the molecular level, our results suggest that the ZmTCRRs modulate cytokinin and auxin perception in the inner endosperm cells.
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14
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Wang W, Ren Z, Li L, Du Y, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Yi F, Duan L. Meta-QTL analysis explores the key genes, especially hormone related genes, involved in the regulation of grain water content and grain dehydration rate in maize. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:346. [PMID: 35842577 PMCID: PMC9287936 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03738-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low grain water content (GWC) at harvest of maize (Zea mays L.) is essential for mechanical harvesting, transportation and storage. Grain drying rate (GDR) is a key determinant of GWC. Many quantitative trait locus (QTLs) related to GDR and GWC have been reported, however, the confidence interval (CI) of these QTLs are too large and few QTLs has been fine-mapped or even been cloned. Meta-QTL (MQTL) analysis is an effective method to integrate QTLs information in independent populations, which helps to understand the genetic structure of quantitative traits. RESULTS In this study, MQTL analysis was performed using 282 QTLs from 25 experiments related GDR and GWC. Totally, 11 and 34 MQTLs were found to be associated with GDR and GWC, respectively. The average CI of GDR and GWC MQTLs was 24.44 and 22.13 cM which reduced the 57 and 65% compared to the average QTL interval for initial GDR and GWC QTL, respectively. Finally, 1494 and 5011 candidate genes related to GDR and GWC were identified in MQTL intervals, respectively. Among these genes, there are 48 genes related to hormone metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our studies combined traditional QTL analyses, genome-wide association study and RNA-seq to analysis major locus for regulating GWC in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaobin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiping Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education &College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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15
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Badoni S, Parween S, Henry RJ, Sreenivasulu N. Systems seed biology to understand and manipulate rice grain quality and nutrition. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35723584 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2058460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Rice is one of the most essential crops since it meets the calorific needs of 3 billion people around the world. Rice seed development initiates upon fertilization, leading to the establishment of two distinct filial tissues, the endosperm and embryo, which accumulate distinct seed storage products, such as starch, storage proteins, and lipids. A range of systems biology tools deployed in dissecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of transcriptome data, methylation, and small RNA based regulation operative during seed development, influencing the accumulation of storage products was reviewed. Studies of other model systems are also considered due to the limited information on the rice transcriptome. This review highlights key genes identified through a holistic view of systems biology targeted to modify biochemical composition and influence rice grain quality and nutritional value with the target of improving rice as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Badoni
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
| | - Sabiha Parween
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
| | - Robert J Henry
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nese Sreenivasulu
- Consumer-Driven Grain Quality and Nutrition Unit, International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Manila, Philippines
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16
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Liu J, Wu MW, Liu CM. Cereal Endosperms: Development and Storage Product Accumulation. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:255-291. [PMID: 35226815 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-070221-024405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The persistent triploid endosperms of cereal crops are the most important source of human food and animal feed. The development of cereal endosperms progresses through coenocytic nuclear division, cellularization, aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, and storage product accumulation. In the past few decades, the cell biological processes involved in endosperm formation in most cereals have been described. Molecular genetic studies performed in recent years led to the identification of the genes underlying endosperm differentiation, regulatory network governing storage product accumulation, and epigenetic mechanism underlying imprinted gene expression. In this article, we outline recent progress in this area and propose hypothetical models to illustrate machineries that control aleurone and starchy endosperm differentiation, sugar loading, and storage product accumulations. A future challenge in this area is to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying coenocytic nuclear division, endosperm cellularization, and programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Ming-Wei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
| | - Chun-Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
- Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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17
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Wang Q, Wang M, Chen J, Qi W, Lai J, Ma Z, Song R. ENB1 encodes a cellulose synthase 5 that directs synthesis of cell wall ingrowths in maize basal endosperm transfer cells. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:1054-1074. [PMID: 34935984 PMCID: PMC8894971 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Development of the endosperm is strikingly different in monocots and dicots: it often manifests as a persistent tissue in the former and transient tissue in the latter. Little is known about the controlling mechanisms responsible for these different outcomes. Here we characterized a maize (Zea mays) mutant, endosperm breakdown1 (enb1), in which the typically persistent endosperm (PE) was drastically degraded during kernel development. ENB1 encodes a cellulose synthase 5 that is predominantly expressed in the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL) of endosperm cells. Loss of ENB1 function caused a drastic reduction in formation of flange cell wall ingrowths (ingrowths) in BETL cells. Defective ingrowths impair nutrient uptake, leading to premature utilization of endosperm starch to nourish the embryo. Similarly, developing wild-type kernels cultured in vitro with a low level of sucrose manifested early endosperm breakdown. ENB1 expression is induced by sucrose via the BETL-specific Myb-Related Protein1 transcription factor. Overexpression of ENB1 enhanced development of flange ingrowths, facilitating sucrose transport into BETL cells and increasing kernel weight. The results demonstrated that ENB1 enhances sucrose supply to the endosperm and contributes to a PE in the kernel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingmin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jinsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zeyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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18
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Ding X, Zhang X, Paez-Valencia J, McLoughlin F, Reyes FC, Morohashi K, Grotewold E, Vierstra RD, Otegui MS. Microautophagy Mediates Vacuolar Delivery of Storage Proteins in Maize Aleurone Cells. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:833612. [PMID: 35251104 PMCID: PMC8894768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.833612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The molecular machinery orchestrating microautophagy, whereby eukaryotic cells sequester autophagic cargo by direct invagination of the vacuolar/lysosomal membrane, is still largely unknown, especially in plants. Here, we demonstrate microautophagy of storage proteins in the maize aleurone cells of the endosperm and analyzed proteins with potential regulatory roles in this process. Within the cereal endosperm, starchy endosperm cells accumulate storage proteins (mostly prolamins) and starch whereas the peripheral aleurone cells store oils, storage proteins, and specialized metabolites. Although both cell types synthesize prolamins, they employ different pathways for their subcellular trafficking. Starchy endosperm cells accumulate prolamins in protein bodies within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), whereas aleurone cells deliver prolamins to vacuoles via an autophagic mechanism, which we show is by direct association of ER prolamin bodies with the tonoplast followed by engulfment via microautophagy. To identify candidate proteins regulating this process, we performed RNA-seq transcriptomic comparisons of aleurone and starchy endosperm tissues during seed development and proteomic analysis on tonoplast-enriched fractions of aleurone cells. From these datasets, we identified 10 candidate proteins with potential roles in membrane modification and/or microautophagy, including phospholipase-Dα5 and a possible EUL-like lectin. We found that both proteins increased the frequency of tonoplast invaginations when overexpressed in Arabidopsis leaf protoplasts and are highly enriched at the tonoplast surface surrounding ER protein bodies in maize aleurone cells, thus supporting their potential connections to microautophagy. Collectively, this candidate list now provides useful tools to study microautophagy in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Ding
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Xiaoguo Zhang
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Julio Paez-Valencia
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fionn McLoughlin
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Francisca C. Reyes
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kengo Morohashi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Richard D. Vierstra
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Marisa S. Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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19
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Kumar GNM, Kannangara CG, Knowles NR. Nucleases are upregulated in potato tubers afflicted with zebra chip disease. PLANTA 2022; 255:54. [PMID: 35103848 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The defense response of potato tubers afflicted with zebra chip disease involves oxidatively mediated upregulation of nucleases that likely modulate localized programmed cell death to restrict the phloem-mobile, CLso bacterial pathogen to the vasculature. Zebra chip (ZC) is a bacterial disease of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) caused by Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CLso). Tubers from infected plants develop characteristic brown discoloration of the vasculature, a result of localized programmed cell death (PCD). We examined the potential contribution of nucleases in the response of tubers to CLso infection. Specific activities of the major isozymes of dsDNase, ssDNase, and RNase were substantially upregulated in tubers from CLso-infected plants, despite their significantly lower soluble protein content. However, ZC disease had no effect on nuclease isozyme profiles. Activities of the predominant nuclease isoforms from healthy and CLso-infected tubers had similar pH optima, thermotolerance, and responses to metallic co-factors. Nuclease activities were heat stable to 60 °C and resistant to precipitation with 70% (v/v) isopropanol, which constitute effective techniques for partial purification. DNase and RNase isozyme activities were highest at pH 7.2-8.5 and 6.8-7.2, respectively, and profiles were similar for tubers from CLso-infected and non-infected plants. RNase activities were mostly insensitive to inhibition by EDTA, except at pH 8.5 and above. DNase activities were inhibited by EDTA but less sensitive to inhibition at high pH than the RNases. The EDTA-mediated inhibition of DNase (ds/ss) activities was restored with ZnSO4, but not Ca+2 or Mg+2. By contrast, ZnSO4 inhibited the activities of RNases. DTT and CuSO4 inhibited the activities of all three nucleases. These results suggest that activation of tuber nucleases is dependent on the oxidation of sulfhydryl groups to disulfide and/or oxidation of Zn to Zn+2. In light of previous published results that established extensive CLso-induced upregulation of oxidative stress metabolism in tubers, we propose a model to show how increased nuclease activity could result from a glutathione-mediated oxidation of nuclease sulfhydryl groups in diseased tubers. DNases and RNases are likely an integral part of the hypersensitive response and may modulate PCD to isolate the pathogen to the vascular tissues of tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G N Mohan Kumar
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA.
| | - C G Kannangara
- Department of Crop and Soils, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
- , 335/4A, 2nd Cross Street, Kotte Road, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - N Richard Knowles
- Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
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20
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Chaban IA, Gulevich AA, Smirnova EA, Baranova EN. Morphological and Ultrastructural Features of Formation of the Skin of Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Kernel. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10112538. [PMID: 34834901 PMCID: PMC8624426 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The integumentary tissues of plant seeds protect the embryo (new sporophyte) forming in them from unfavorable external conditions; therefore, comprehensive knowledge about the structural and functional specificity of seed covers in various plants may be of both theoretical and practical interest. As a result of our study, additional data were obtained on the morphological and ultrastructural features of the formation of a multilayer skin of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) kernel (caryopsis). The ultrastructure research analysis showed that differentiation of the pericarp and inner integument of the ovule leads to the formation of functionally different layers of the skin of mature wheat grain. Thus, the differentiation of exocarp and endocarp cells is accompanied by a significant thickening of the cell walls, which reliably protect the ovule from adverse external conditions. The cells of the two-layer inner integument of the ovule differentiate into cuticular and phenolic layers, which are critical for protecting daughter tissues from various pathogens. The epidermis of the nucellus turns into a layer of mucilage, which apparently helps to maintain the water balance of the seed. Morphological and ultrastructural data showed that the formation of the kernel's skin occurs in coordination with the development of the embryo and endosperm up to the full maturity of the kernel. This is evidenced by the structure of the cytoplasm and nucleus, characteristic of metabolically active protoplasts of cells, which is observed in most integumentary layers at the late stages of maturation. This activity can also be confirmed by a significant increase in the thickness of the cell walls in the cells of two layers of the exocarp and in cross cells in comparison with the earlier stages. Based on these results, we came to the conclusion that the cells of a majority in the covering tissues of the wheat kernel during its ontogenesis are transformed into specialized layers of the skin by terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna A. Chaban
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryzevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (E.N.B.); Tel.: +7-(903)-6245971 (E.N.B.)
| | - Alexander A. Gulevich
- Plant Cell Engineering Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryazevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Elena A. Smirnova
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryzevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
- Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, Building 12, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina N. Baranova
- Plant Cell Biology Laboratory, All-Russia Research Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Timiryzevskaya 42, 127550 Moscow, Russia;
- Plant Protection Laboratory, N.V. Tsitsin Main Botanical Garden of Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (I.A.C.); (E.N.B.); Tel.: +7-(903)-6245971 (E.N.B.)
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21
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Lee Y, Okita TW, Szymanski DB. A co-fractionation mass spectrometry-based prediction of protein complex assemblies in the developing rice aleurone-subaleurone. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2965-2980. [PMID: 34270775 PMCID: PMC8462808 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Multiprotein complexes execute and coordinate diverse cellular processes such as organelle biogenesis, vesicle trafficking, cell signaling, and metabolism. Knowledge about their composition and localization provides useful clues about the mechanisms of cellular homeostasis and system-level control. This is of great biological importance and practical significance in heterotrophic rice (Oryza sativa) endosperm and aleurone-subaleurone tissues, which are a primary source of seed vitamins and stored energy. Dozens of protein complexes have been implicated in the synthesis, transport, and storage of seed proteins, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Mutations in protein complexes that control RNA transport result in aberrant endosperm with shrunken and floury phenotypes, significantly reducing seed yield and quality. The purpose of this study was to broadly predict protein complex composition in the aleurone-subaleurone layers of developing rice seeds using co-fractionation mass spectrometry. Following orthogonal chromatographic separations of biological replicates, thousands of protein elution profiles were subjected to distance-based clustering to enable large-scale multimerization state measurements and protein complex predictions. The predicted complexes had predicted functions across diverse functional categories, including novel heteromeric RNA binding protein complexes that may influence seed quality. This effective and open-ended proteomics pipeline provides useful clues about system-level posttranslational control during the early stages of rice seed development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngwoo Lee
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Thomas W. Okita
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Daniel B. Szymanski
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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22
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Dermendjiev G, Schnurer M, Weiszmann J, Wilfinger S, Ott E, Gebert C, Weckwerth W, Ibl V. Tissue-Specific Proteome and Subcellular Microscopic Analyses Reveal the Effect of High Salt Concentration on Actin Cytoskeleton and Vacuolization in Aleurone Cells during Early Germination of Barley. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179642. [PMID: 34502558 PMCID: PMC8431815 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cereal grain germination provides the basis for crop production and requires a tissue-specific interplay between the embryo and endosperm during heterotrophic germination involving signalling, protein secretion, and nutrient uptake until autotrophic growth is possible. High salt concentrations in soil are one of the most severe constraints limiting the germination of crop plants, affecting the metabolism and redox status within the tissues of germinating seed. However, little is known about the effect of salt on seed storage protein mobilization, the endomembrane system, and protein trafficking within and between these tissues. Here, we used mass spectrometry analyses to investigate the protein dynamics of the embryo and endosperm of barley (Hordeum vulgare, L.) at five different early points during germination (0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h after imbibition) in germinated grains subjected to salt stress. The expression of proteins in the embryo as well as in the endosperm was temporally regulated. Seed storage proteins (SSPs), peptidases, and starch-digesting enzymes were affected by salt. Additionally, microscopic analyses revealed an altered assembly of actin bundles and morphology of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the aleurone layer. Our results suggest that besides the salt-induced protein expression, intracellular trafficking and actin cytoskeleton assembly are responsible for germination delay under salt stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Dermendjiev
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Madeleine Schnurer
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Jakob Weiszmann
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Sarah Wilfinger
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Emanuel Ott
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Claudia Gebert
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, Molecular Systems Biology (MoSys), Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Wien, Austria; (G.D.); (M.S.); (J.W.); (S.W.); (E.O.); (C.G.); (W.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Li Z, Jiao Y, Zhang C, Dou M, Weng K, Wang Y, Xu Y. VvHDZ28 positively regulate salicylic acid biosynthesis during seed abortion in Thompson Seedless. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1824-1838. [PMID: 33835678 PMCID: PMC8428834 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seedlessness in grapes is one of the features most appreciated by consumers. However, the mechanisms underlying seedlessness in grapes remain obscure. Here, we observe small globular embryos and globular embryos in Pinot Noir and Thompson Seedless from 20 to 30 days after flowering (DAF). From 40 to 50 DAF, we observe torpedo embryos and cotyledon embryos in Pinot Noir but aborted embryos and endosperm in Thompson Seedless. Thus, RNA-Seq analyses of seeds at these stages from Thompson Seedless and Pinot Noir were performed. A total of 6442 differentially expressed genes were identified. Among these, genes involved in SA biosynthesis, VvEDS1 and VvSARD1, were more highly expressed in Thompson Seedless than in Pinot Noir. Moreover, the content of endogenous SA is at least five times higher in Thompson Seedless than in Pinot Noir. Increased trimethylation of H3K27 of VvEDS1 and VvSARD1 may be correlated with lower SA content in Pinot Noir. We also demonstrate that VvHDZ28 positively regulates the expression of VvEDS1. Moreover, over-expression of VvHDZ28 results in seedless fruit and increased SA contents in Solanum lycopersicum. Our results reveal the potential role of SA and feedback regulation of VvHDZ28 in seedless grapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Li
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureYanglingChina
| | - Yuntong Jiao
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureYanglingChina
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureYanglingChina
| | - Mengru Dou
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureYanglingChina
| | - Kai Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- College of life scienceNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureYanglingChina
| | - Yan Xu
- College of HorticultureNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid AreasNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingChina
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest ChinaMinistry of AgricultureYanglingChina
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24
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Long T, Xu B, Hu Y, Wang Y, Mao C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Liu H, Huang H, Liu Y, Yu G, Zhao C, Li Y, Huang Y. Genome-wide identification of ZmSnRK2 genes and functional analysis of ZmSnRK2.10 in ABA signaling pathway in maize (Zea mays L). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:309. [PMID: 34210268 PMCID: PMC8246669 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03064-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in the regulation of a wide range of biological processes. In Arabidopsis, it has been well-known that SnRK2s are the central components of the ABA signaling pathway that control the balance between plant growth and stress response, but the functions of ZmSnRK2 in maize are rarely reported. Therefore, the study of ZmSnRK2 is of great importance to understand the ABA signaling pathways in maize. RESULTS In this study, 14 ZmSnRK2 genes were identified in the latest version of maize genome database. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that ZmSnRK2s are divided into three subclasses based on their diversity of C-terminal domains. The exon-intron structures, phylogenetic, synteny and collinearity analysis indicated that SnRK2s, especially the subclass III of SnRK2, are evolutionally conserved in maize, rice and Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization showed that ZmSnRK2 proteins are localized in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The RNA-Seq datasets and qRT-PCR analysis showed that ZmSnRK2 genes exhibit spatial and temporal expression patterns during the growth and development of different maize tissues, and the transcript levels of some ZmSnRK2 genes in kernel are significantly induced by ABA and sucrose treatment. In addition, we found that ZmSnRK2.10, which belongs to subclass III, is highly expressed in kernel and activated by ABA. Overexpression of ZmSnRK2.10 partially rescued the ABA-insensitive phenotype of snrk2.2/2.3 double and snrk2.2/2.3/2.6 triple mutants and led to delaying plant flowering in Arabidopsis. CONCLUSION The SnRK2 gene family exhibits a high evolutionary conservation and has expanded with whole-genome duplication events in plants. The ZmSnRK2s expanded in maize with whole-genome and segmental duplication, not tandem duplication. The expression pattern analysis of ZmSnRK2s in maize offers important information to study their functions. Study of the functions of ZmSnRK.10 in Arabidopsis suggests that the ABA-dependent members of SnRK2s are evolutionarily conserved in plants. Our study elucidated the structure and evolution of SnRK2 genes in plants and provided a basis for the functional study of ZmSnRK2s protein in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiandan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Binjie Xu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yayun Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Changqing Mao
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yongbin Wang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Hanmei Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an, 625014 Sichuan China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Guowu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Yangping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
| | - Yubi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, No.211 Huimin Rd., Wenjiang Dist, Chengdu, 611130 Sichuan China
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25
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Meziani S, Nadaud I, Tasleem-Tahir A, Nurit E, Benguella R, Branlard G. Wheat aleurone layer: A site enriched with nutrients and bioactive molecules with potential nutritional opportunities for breeding. J Cereal Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2021.103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Endopolyploidy Variation in Wild Barley Seeds across Environmental Gradients in Israel. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050711. [PMID: 34068721 PMCID: PMC8151103 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild barley is abundant, occupying large diversity of sites, ranging from the northern mesic Mediterranean meadows to the southern xeric deserts in Israel. This is also reflected in its wide phenotypic heterogeneity. We investigated the dynamics of DNA content changes in seed tissues in ten wild barley accessions that originated from an environmental gradient in Israel. The flow cytometric measurements were done from the time shortly after pollination up to the dry seeds. We show variation in mitotic cell cycle and endoreduplication dynamics in both diploid seed tissues (represented by seed maternal tissues and embryo) and in the triploid endosperm. We found that wild barley accessions collected at harsher xeric environmental conditions produce higher proportion of endoreduplicated nuclei in endosperm tissues. Also, a comparison of wild and cultivated barley strains revealed a higher endopolyploidy level in the endosperm of wild barley, that is accompanied by temporal changes in the timing of the major developmental phases. In summary, we present a new direction of research focusing on connecting spatiotemporal patterns of endoreduplication in barley seeds and possibly buffering for stress conditions.
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27
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Okamura M, Hirai MY, Sawada Y, Okamoto M, Oikawa A, Sasaki R, Arai-Sanoh Y, Mukouyama T, Adachi S, Kondo M. Analysis of carbon flow at the metabolite level reveals that starch synthesis from hexose is a limiting factor in a high-yielding rice cultivar. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2570-2583. [PMID: 33481019 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the limiting factors of grain filling is essential for the further improvement of grain yields in rice (Oryza sativa). The relatively slow grain growth of the high-yielding cultivar 'Momiroman' is not improved by increasing carbon supply, and hence low sink activity (i.e. the metabolic activity of assimilate consumption/storage in sink organs) may be a limiting factor for grain filling. However, there is no metabolic evidence to corroborate this hypothesis, partly because there is no consensus on how to define and quantify sink activity. In this study, we investigated the carbon flow at a metabolite level from photosynthesis in leaves to starch synthesis in grains of three high-yielding cultivars using the stable isotope 13C. We found that a large amount of newly fixed carbon assimilates in Momiroman was stored as hexose instead of being converted to starch. In addition, the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the expression of AGPS2b, which encodes a subunit of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase enzyme, were both lower in Momiroman than in the other two cultivars in grains in superior positions on panicle branches. Hence, slower starch synthesis from hexose, which is partly explained by the low expression level of AGPS2b, may be the primary metabolic reason for the lower sink activity observed in Momiroman.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Okamura
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Central Region Agricultural Research Center, NARO, 1-2-1, Inada, Joetsu, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masami Yokota Hirai
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuji Sawada
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mami Okamoto
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Sasaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yumiko Arai-Sanoh
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takehiro Mukouyama
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Yamanashi Prefectural Agritechnology Center 1100, Shimoimai, Kai, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1, Chuo, Ami, Inashiki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Motohiko Kondo
- Institute of Crop Science, NARO, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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Koschmieder J, Wüst F, Schaub P, Álvarez D, Trautmann D, Krischke M, Rustenholz C, Mano J, Mueller MJ, Bartels D, Hugueney P, Beyer P, Welsch R. Plant apocarotenoid metabolism utilizes defense mechanisms against reactive carbonyl species and xenobiotics. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:331-351. [PMID: 33721895 PMCID: PMC8133636 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid levels in plant tissues depend on the relative rates of synthesis and degradation of the molecules in the pathway. While plant carotenoid biosynthesis has been extensively characterized, research on carotenoid degradation and catabolism into apocarotenoids is a relatively novel field. To identify apocarotenoid metabolic processes, we characterized the transcriptome of transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots accumulating high levels of β-carotene and, consequently, β-apocarotenoids. Transcriptome analysis revealed feedback regulation on carotenogenic gene transcripts suitable for reducing β-carotene levels, suggesting involvement of specific apocarotenoid signaling molecules originating directly from β-carotene degradation or after secondary enzymatic derivatizations. Enzymes implicated in apocarotenoid modification reactions overlapped with detoxification enzymes of xenobiotics and reactive carbonyl species (RCS), while metabolite analysis excluded lipid stress response, a potential secondary effect of carotenoid accumulation. In agreement with structural similarities between RCS and β-apocarotenoids, RCS detoxification enzymes also converted apocarotenoids derived from β-carotene and from xanthophylls into apocarotenols and apocarotenoic acids in vitro. Moreover, glycosylation and glutathionylation-related processes and translocators were induced. In view of similarities to mechanisms found in crocin biosynthesis and cellular deposition in saffron (Crocus sativus), our data suggest apocarotenoid metabolization, derivatization and compartmentalization as key processes in (apo)carotenoid metabolism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Florian Wüst
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick Schaub
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Álvarez
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Danika Trautmann
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Markus Krischke
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Camille Rustenholz
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Jun’ichi Mano
- Science Research Center, Organization for Research Initiatives, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
- Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida 1677-1, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Martin J Mueller
- Université de Strasbourg, INRAE, SVQV UMR-A 1131, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Dorothea Bartels
- Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Kirschallee 1, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philippe Hugueney
- Julius-Maximilians-University Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Institute for Biosciences, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, 97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Beyer
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Welsch
- Faculty of Biology II, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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Miray R, Kazaz S, To A, Baud S. Molecular Control of Oil Metabolism in the Endosperm of Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1621. [PMID: 33562710 PMCID: PMC7915183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In angiosperm seeds, the endosperm develops to varying degrees and accumulates different types of storage compounds remobilized by the seedling during early post-germinative growth. Whereas the molecular mechanisms controlling the metabolism of starch and seed-storage proteins in the endosperm of cereal grains are relatively well characterized, the regulation of oil metabolism in the endosperm of developing and germinating oilseeds has received particular attention only more recently, thanks to the emergence and continuous improvement of analytical techniques allowing the evaluation, within a spatial context, of gene activity on one side, and lipid metabolism on the other side. These studies represent a fundamental step toward the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms governing oil metabolism in this particular tissue. In particular, they highlight the importance of endosperm-specific transcriptional controls for determining original oil compositions usually observed in this tissue. In the light of this research, the biological functions of oils stored in the endosperm of seeds then appear to be more diverse than simply constituting a source of carbon made available for the germinating seedling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sébastien Baud
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78000 Versailles, France; (R.M.); (S.K.); (A.T.)
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Nowicka A, Kovacik M, Tokarz B, Vrána J, Zhang Y, Weigt D, Doležel J, Pecinka A. Dynamics of endoreduplication in developing barley seeds. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:268-282. [PMID: 33005935 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seeds are complex biological systems comprising three genetically distinct tissues: embryo, endosperm, and maternal tissues (including seed coats and pericarp) nested inside one another. Cereal grains represent a special type of seeds, with the largest part formed by the endosperm, a specialized triploid tissue ensuring embryo protection and nourishment. We investigated dynamic changes in DNA content in three of the major seed tissues from the time of pollination up to the dry seed. We show that the cell cycle is under strict developmental control in different seed compartments. After an initial wave of active cell division, cells switch to endocycle and most endoreduplication events are observed in the endosperm and seed maternal tissues. Using different barley cultivars, we show that there is natural variation in the kinetics of this process. During the terminal stages of seed development, specific and selective loss of endoreduplicated nuclei occurs in the endosperm. This is accompanied by reduced stability of the nuclear genome, progressive loss of cell viability, and finally programmed cell death. In summary, our study shows that endopolyploidization and cell death are linked phenomena that frame barley grain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Nowicka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- The Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Martin Kovacik
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Tokarz
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Vrána
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Research School Biology (RSB), University of Western Australia (UWA), Crawley, Perth, Australia
| | - Dorota Weigt
- Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Jaroslav Doležel
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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31
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Mehta BK, Muthusamy V, Baveja A, Chauhan HS, Chhabra R, Bhatt V, Chand G, Zunjare RU, Singh AK, Hossain F. Composition analysis of lysine, tryptophan and provitamin-A during different stages of kernel development in biofortified sweet corn. J Food Compost Anal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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32
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Bacala R, Fu BX, Perreault H, Hatcher DW. C-terminal tyrosine removal from wheat low-molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS); biologically relevant or mistaken substrate? J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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33
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Bai M, Liang M, Huai B, Gao H, Tong P, Shen R, He H, Wu H. Ca2+-dependent nuclease is involved in DNA degradation during the formation of the secretory cavity by programmed cell death in fruit of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa'. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:4812-4827. [PMID: 32324220 PMCID: PMC7410178 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The secretory cavity is a typical structure in Citrus fruit and is formed by schizolysigeny. Previous reports have indicated that programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in the degradation of secretory cavity cells in the fruit, and that the spatio-temporal location of calcium is closely related to nuclear DNA degradation in this process; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this Ca2+ regulation remain largely unknown. Here, we identified CgCaN that encodes a Ca2+-dependent DNase in the fruit of Citrus grandis 'Tomentosa', the function of which was studied using calcium ion localization, DNase activity assays, in situ hybridization, and protein immunolocalization. The results suggested that the full-length cDNA of CgCaN contains an ORF of 1011 bp that encodes a protein 336 amino acids in length with a SNase-like functional domain. CgCaN digests dsDNA at neutral pH in a Ca2+-dependent manner. In situ hybridization signals of CgCaN were particularly distributed in the secretory cavity cells. Ca2+ and Ca2+-dependent DNases were mainly observed in the condensed chromatin and in the nucleolus. In addition, spatio-temporal expression patterns of CgCaN and its protein coincided with the time-points that corresponded to chromatin degradation and nuclear rupture during the PCD in the development of the fruit secretory cavity. Taken together, our results suggest that Ca2+-dependent DNases play direct roles in nuclear DNA degradation during the PCD of secretory cavity cells during Citrus fruit development. Given the consistency of the expression patterns of genes regulated by calmodulin (CaM) and calcium-dependent protein kinases (CDPK) and the dynamics of calcium accumulation, we speculate that CaM and CDPK proteins might be involved in Ca2+ transport from the extracellular walls through the cytoplasm and into the nucleus to activate CgCaN for DNA degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minjian Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Huai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongxin Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanjun He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence:
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34
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Yu YK, Li YL, Ding LN, Sarwar R, Zhao FY, Tan XL. Mechanism and Regulation of Silique Dehiscence, Which Affects Oil Seed Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:580. [PMID: 32670302 PMCID: PMC7326126 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Silique dehiscence is an important physiological process during natural growth that enables mature seeds to be released from plants, which then undergo reproduction and ensure the survival of future generations. In agricultural production, the time and degree of silique dehiscence affect the harvest time and processing of crops. Premature silique dehiscence leads to seeds being shed before harvest, resulting in substantial reductions to yields. Conversely, late silique dehiscence is not conducive to harvesting, and grain weight and oil content will be reduced due to the respiratory needs of seeds. In this paper, the mechanisms and regulation of silique dehiscence, and its application in agricultural production is reviewed.
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35
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Koga S, Aamot H, Uhlen A, Seehusen T, Veiseth-Kent E, Hofgaard I, Moldestad A, Böcker U. Environmental factors associated with glutenin polymer assembly during grain maturation. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Garcia-Gimenez G, Russell J, Aubert MK, Fincher GB, Burton RA, Waugh R, Tucker MR, Houston K. Barley grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content: effects of transcript and sequence variation in genes encoding the corresponding synthase and endohydrolase enzymes. Sci Rep 2019. [PMID: 31754200 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53798-53798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of plant cell walls is important in determining cereal end uses. Unlike other widely consumed cereal grains barley is comparatively rich in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a source of dietary fibre. Previous work showed Cellulose synthase-like genes synthesise (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in several tissues. HvCslF6 encodes a grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase, whereas the function of HvCslF9 is unknown. Here, the relationship between mRNA levels of HvCslF6, HvCslF9, HvGlbI (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan endohydrolase, and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content was studied in developing grains of four barley cultivars. HvCslF6 was differentially expressed during mid (8-15 DPA) and late (38 DPA) grain development stages while HvCslF9 transcript was only clearly detected at 8-10 DPA. A peak of HvGlbI expression was detected at 15 DPA. Differences in transcript abundance across the three genes could partially explain variation in grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in these genotypes. Remarkably narrow sequence variation was found within the HvCslF6 promoter and coding sequence and does not explain variation in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content. Our data emphasise the genotype-dependent accumulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan during barley grain development and a role for the balance between hydrolysis and synthesis in determining (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content, and suggests that other regulatory sequences or proteins are likely to be involved in this trait in developing grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Garcia-Gimenez
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
- Guillermo Garcia-Gimenez, Agriculture & Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Joanne Russell
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew K Aubert
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Geoffrey B Fincher
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Robbie Waugh
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
- Plant Sciences Division, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee. Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Kelly Houston
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
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37
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Garcia-Gimenez G, Russell J, Aubert MK, Fincher GB, Burton RA, Waugh R, Tucker MR, Houston K. Barley grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content: effects of transcript and sequence variation in genes encoding the corresponding synthase and endohydrolase enzymes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17250. [PMID: 31754200 PMCID: PMC6872655 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of plant cell walls is important in determining cereal end uses. Unlike other widely consumed cereal grains barley is comparatively rich in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan, a source of dietary fibre. Previous work showed Cellulose synthase-like genes synthesise (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan in several tissues. HvCslF6 encodes a grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan synthase, whereas the function of HvCslF9 is unknown. Here, the relationship between mRNA levels of HvCslF6, HvCslF9, HvGlbI (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan endohydrolase, and (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content was studied in developing grains of four barley cultivars. HvCslF6 was differentially expressed during mid (8-15 DPA) and late (38 DPA) grain development stages while HvCslF9 transcript was only clearly detected at 8-10 DPA. A peak of HvGlbI expression was detected at 15 DPA. Differences in transcript abundance across the three genes could partially explain variation in grain (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content in these genotypes. Remarkably narrow sequence variation was found within the HvCslF6 promoter and coding sequence and does not explain variation in (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content. Our data emphasise the genotype-dependent accumulation of (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan during barley grain development and a role for the balance between hydrolysis and synthesis in determining (1,3;1,4)-β-glucan content, and suggests that other regulatory sequences or proteins are likely to be involved in this trait in developing grain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Garcia-Gimenez
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
- Guillermo Garcia-Gimenez, Agriculture & Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Joanne Russell
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew K Aubert
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Geoffrey B Fincher
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Rachel A Burton
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Robbie Waugh
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
- Plant Sciences Division, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee. Dundee, DD1 5EH, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Kelly Houston
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
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Li S, Liu L, Li T, Lan T, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Liu J, Xu S, Zhang X, Zhu J, Xue J, Guo D. The distribution pattern of endopolyploidy in maize. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2019; 132:1487-1503. [PMID: 30734115 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We discovered that endopolyploidization is common in various organs and tissues of maize at different development stages. Endopolyploidy is not specific in maize germplasm populations. Endopolyploidy is caused by DNA endoreplication, a special type of mitosis with normal DNA synthesis and a lack of cell division; it is a common phenomenon and plays an important role in plant development. To systematically study the distribution pattern of endopolyploidy in maize, flow cytometry was used to determine the ploidy by measuring the cycle (C) value in various organs at different developmental stages, in embryos and endosperm during grain development, in roots under stress conditions, and in the roots of 119 inbred lines from two heterotic groups, Shaan A and Shaan B. Endopolyploidy was observed in most organs at various developmental stages except in expanded leaves and filaments. The endosperm showed the highest C value among all organs. During tissue development, the ploidy increased in all organs except the leaves. In addition, the endopolyploidization of the roots was significantly affected by drought stress. Multiple comparisons of the C values of seven subgroups revealed that the distribution of endopolyploidization was not correlated with the population structure. A correlation analysis at the seedling stage showed a positive relationship between the C value and both the length of the whole plant and the length of main root. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified a total of 9 significant SNPs associated with endopolyploidy (C value) in maize, and 8 candidate genes that participate in cell cycle regulation and DNA replication were uncovered in 119 maize inbred lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silu Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Li
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianru Lan
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yahui Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengquan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianchao Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shutu Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinghua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianchu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiquan Xue
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Maize Engineering Technology Research Centre of Shaanxi Province, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Balk J, Connorton JM, Wan Y, Lovegrove A, Moore KL, Uauy C, Sharp PA, Shewry PR. Improving wheat as a source of iron and zinc for global nutrition. NUTR BULL 2019; 44:53-59. [PMID: 31007606 PMCID: PMC6472571 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is the staple food crop in temperate countries and increasingly consumed in developing countries, displacing traditional foods. However, wheat products are typically low in bioavailable iron and zinc, contributing to deficiencies in these micronutrients in countries where wheat is consumed as a staple food. Two factors contribute to the low contents of bioavailable iron and zinc in wheat: the low concentrations of these minerals in white flour, which is most widely consumed, and the presence of phytates in mineral‐rich bran fractions. Although high zinc types of wheat have been developed by conventional plant breeding (biofortification), this approach has failed for iron. However, studies in wheat and other cereals have shown that transgenic (also known as genetically modified; GM) strategies can be used to increase the contents of iron and zinc in white flour, by converting the starchy endosperm tissue into a ‘sink’ for minerals. Although such strategies currently have low acceptability, greater understanding of the mechanisms which control the transport and deposition of iron and zinc in the developing grain should allow similar effects to be achieved by exploiting naturally induced genetic variation. When combined with conventional biofortification and innovative processing, this approach should provide increased mineral bioavailability in a range of wheat products, from white flour to wholemeal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Balk
- John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich UK.,School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - J M Connorton
- John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich UK.,School of Biological Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Y Wan
- Department of Plant Science Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | - A Lovegrove
- Department of Plant Science Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
| | - K L Moore
- School of Materials University of Manchester Manchester UK.,Photon Science Institute University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - C Uauy
- John Innes Centre Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - P A Sharp
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Kings College London UK
| | - P R Shewry
- Department of Plant Science Rothamsted Research Harpenden UK
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40
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Gayral M, Fanuel M, Rogniaux H, Dalgalarrondo M, Elmorjani K, Bakan B, Marion D. The Spatiotemporal Deposition of Lysophosphatidylcholine Within Starch Granules of Maize Endosperm and its Relationships to the Expression of Genes Involved in Endoplasmic Reticulum-Amyloplast Lipid Trafficking and Galactolipid Synthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:139-151. [PMID: 30295886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The presence of lipids within starch granules is specific to cereal endosperm starches. These starch lipids are composed of lysophospholipids, especially lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and free fatty acids that strongly impact the assembly and properties of cereal starches. However, the molecular mechanisms associated with this specific lipid routing have never been investigated. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry imaging revealed decreasing gradients in starch LysoPC concentrations from the periphery to the center of developing maize endosperms. This spatiotemporal deposition of starch LysoPC was similar to that previously observed for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-synthesized storage proteins, i.e. zeins, suggesting that LysoPC might originate in the ER, as already reported for chloroplasts. Furthermore, a decrease of the palmitate concentration of amyloplast galactolipids was observed during endosperm development, correlated with the preferential trapping of palmitoyl-LysoPC by starch carbohydrates, suggesting a link between LysoPC and galactolipid synthesis. Using microarray, the homologous genes of the Arabidopsis ER-chloroplast lipid trafficking and galactolipid synthesis pathways were also expressed in maize endosperm. These strong similarities suggest that the encoded enzymes and transporters are adapted to managing the differences between chloroplast and amyloplast lipid homeostasis. Altogether, our results led us to propose a model where ER-amyloplast lipid trafficking directs the LysoPC towards one of two routes, the first towards the stroma and starch granules and the other towards galactolipid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Gayral
- INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Mathieu Fanuel
- INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Michèle Dalgalarrondo
- INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Khalil Elmorjani
- INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - Didier Marion
- INRA, Biopolymers, Interactions, Assemblies Research Unit, La Géraudière, Nantes Cedex 3, France
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41
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Genome wide characterization of barley NAC transcription factors enables the identification of grain-specific transcription factors exclusive for the Poaceae family of monocotyledonous plants. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209769. [PMID: 30592743 PMCID: PMC6310276 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant NAC transcription factors depict one of the largest plant transcription factor families. They regulate a wide range of different developmental processes and most probably played an important role in the evolutionary diversification of plants. This makes comparative studies of the NAC transcription factor family between individual species and genera highly relevant and such studies have in recent years been greatly facilitated by the increasing number of fully sequenced complex plant genomes. This study combines the characterization of the NAC transcription factors in the recently sequenced genome of the cereal crop barley with expression analysis and a comprehensive phylogenetic characterization of the NAC transcription factors in other monocotyledonous plant species. Our results provide evidence for the emergence of a NAC transcription factor subclade that is exclusively expressed in the grains of the Poaceae family of grasses. These notably comprise a number of cereal crops other than barley, such as wheat, rice, maize or millet, which are all cultivated for their starchy edible grains. Apparently, the grain specific subclade emerged from a well described subgroup of NAC transcription factors associated with the senescence process. A promoter exchange subsequently resulted in grain specific expression. We propose to designate this transcription factor subclade Grain-NACs and we discuss their involvement in programmed cell death as well as their potential role in the evolution of the Poaceae grain, which doubtlessly is of central importance for human nutrition.
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42
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Cabrera-Soto L, Pixley KV, Rosales-Nolasco A, Galicia-Flores LA, Palacios-Rojas N. Carotenoid and Tocochromanol Profiles during Kernel Development Make Consumption of Biofortified "Fresh" Maize an Option to Improve Micronutrient Nutrition. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9391-9398. [PMID: 30130402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Biofortification is a strategy to reduce micronutrient malnutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate whether consumption of biofortified fresh maize can supply nutritionally meaningful amounts of provitamin A carotenoids (PVA), zinc, lysine, and tryptophan. The accumulation patterns for PVA and tocochromanol compounds in developing grain of 23 PVA hybrids was studied, and nutritionally meaningful amounts of those compounds were found in grain by milk stage, when fresh maize is eaten. The highest PVA and tocochromanol accumulation occurred by physiological maturity. The percent apparent retention in boiled fresh maize was 92%, 117%, 99%, and 66% for PVA, zinc, lysine, and tryptophan, respectively. Consumption of 0.5 to 2 ears of fresh maize daily could supply 33-62.2%, 11-24% and more than 85% of the estimated average requirement of PVA, tryptophan, and zinc, respectively. The results indicate that eating biofortified fresh maize can contribute to improved micronutrient nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Cabrera-Soto
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Kevin V Pixley
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Aldo Rosales-Nolasco
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Luis A Galicia-Flores
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
| | - Natalia Palacios-Rojas
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), CIMMYT Research Station , Km. 45 Carretera Mexico-Veracruz, El Batán , Texcoco , CP 56237 Edo. de México , México
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43
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Moyano L, Correa MD, Favre LC, Rodríguez FS, Maldonado S, López-Fernández MP. Activation of Nucleases, PCD, and Mobilization of Reserves in the Araucaria angustifolia Megagametophyte During Germination. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1275. [PMID: 30214454 PMCID: PMC6125354 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The megagametophyte of mature seeds of Araucaria angustifolia consists of cells with thin walls, one or more nuclei, a central vacuole storing proteins, and a cytoplasm rich in amyloplasts, mitochondria and lipid bodies. In this study, we describe the process of mobilization of reserves and analyzed the dismantling of the tissue during germination, using a range of well-established markers of programmed cell death (PCD), including: morphological changes in nuclei and amyloplasts, DNA degradation, and changes in nuclease profiles. TUNEL reaction and DNA electrophoresis demonstrate that DNA fragmentation in nuclei occurs at early stages of germination, which correlates with induction of specific nucleases. The results of the present study add knowledge on the dismantling of the megagametophyte of genus Araucaria, a storage tissue that stores starch as the main reserve substance, as well as on the PCD pathway, by revealing new insights into the role of nucleases and the expression patterns of putative nuclease genes during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Moyano
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María D. Correa
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonardo C. Favre
- Departamentos de Industrias y Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia S. Rodríguez
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sara Maldonado
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María P. López-Fernández
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Técnicas, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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44
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Li C, Li C, Wang B, Zhang R, Fu K, Gale WJ, Li C. Programmed cell death in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) endosperm cells is affected by drought stress. PROTOPLASMA 2018; 255:1039-1052. [PMID: 29380071 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-018-1203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Drought frequently occurs during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain filling. The objectives of this study were (i) to investigate the effect of post-anthesis drought on programmed cell death (PCD) in wheat endosperm cells and (ii) to examine the role of ethylene (ETH) receptors and abscisic acid (ABA) in regulating wheat endosperm PCD. Two winter wheat cultivars ('Xindong 18' and 'Xindong 22') were used in this study. Grain samples were collected from normal and drought stressed plants at 5-day intervals between 5 and 35 days post-anthesis. The samples were then compared with respect to cell viability, nuclear morphometry, cell ultrastructure, DNA integrity, nucleic acid content, and nuclease activity. Analysis was also conducted about gene transcripts related to PCD, ETH receptors, and ABA biosynthesis and degradation. Drought stress reduced cell viability, accelerated nuclear deformation, and increased mitochondrial dissolution. The activity of nucleic acid hydrolase was greater, and the nucleic acid concentrations were less in the drought treatments than in the control. As a result, the peak in DNA fragmentation occurred earlier in the drought treatment. Drought stress significantly increased the expression of four genes related to ABA (nced1, nced2, ao1, ao2). In contrast, drought significantly reduced the expression of four genes related to ETH receptors (ers1, ers2 etr1, etr2) and one gene related to PCD (dad1). In summary, the results indicated that drought stress caused PCD to occur earlier in the endosperm of winter wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Wang
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqi Zhang
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyong Fu
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - William J Gale
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Li
- College of Agriculture/The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, 832000, People's Republic of China.
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Shabrangy A, Roustan V, Reipert S, Weidinger M, Roustan PJ, Stoger E, Weckwerth W, Ibl V. Using RT-qPCR, Proteomics, and Microscopy to Unravel the Spatio-Temporal Expression and Subcellular Localization of Hordoindolines Across Development in Barley Endosperm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:775. [PMID: 29951075 PMCID: PMC6008550 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare (barley) hordoindolines (HINs), HINa, HINb1, and HINb2, are orthologous proteins of wheat puroindolines (PINs) that are small, basic, cysteine-rich seed-specific proteins and responsible for grain hardness. Grain hardness is, next to its protein content, a major quality trait. In barley, HINb is most highly expressed in the mid-stage developed endosperm and is associated with both major endosperm texture and grain hardness. However, data required to understand the spatio-temporal dynamics of HIN transcripts and HIN protein regulation during grain filling processes are missing. Using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and proteomics, we analyzed HIN transcript and HIN protein abundance from whole seeds (WSs) at four [6 days after pollination (dap), 10, 12, and ≥20 dap] as well as from aleurone, subaleurone, and starchy endosperm at two (12 and ≥20 dap) developmental stages. At the WS level, results from RT-qPCR, proteomics, and western blot showed a continuous increase of HIN transcript and HIN protein abundance across these four developmental stages. Miroscopic studies revealed HIN localization mainly at the vacuolar membrane in the aleurone, at protein bodies (PBs) in subaleurone and at the periphery of starch granules in the starchy endosperm. Laser microdissetion (LMD) proteomic analyses identified HINb2 as the most prominent HIN protein in starchy endosperm at ≥20 dap. Additionally, our quantification data revealed a poor correlation between transcript and protein levels of HINs in subaleurone during development. Here, we correlated data achieved by RT-qPCR, proteomics, and microscopy that reveal different expression and localization pattern of HINs in each layer during barley endosperm development. This indicates a contribution of each tissue to the regulation of HINs during grain filling. The effect of the high protein abundance of HINs in the starchy endosperm and their localization at the periphery of starch granules at late development stages at the cereal-based end-product quality is discussed. Understanding the spatio-temporal regulated HINs is essential to improve barley quality traits for high end-product quality, as hard texture of the barley grain is regulated by the ratio between HINb/HINa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Shabrangy
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Valentin Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Reipert
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marieluise Weidinger
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre-Jean Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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46
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Savadi S. Molecular regulation of seed development and strategies for engineering seed size in crop plants. PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2018; 84:401-422. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s10725-017-0355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
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47
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Zhang R, Li C, Fu K, Li C, Li C. Phosphorus Alters Starch Morphology and Gene Expression Related to Starch Biosynthesis and Degradation in Wheat Grain. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2252. [PMID: 29375614 PMCID: PMC5770358 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential plant macronutrient which profoundly affects the yield and quality of wheat starch. In this study, scanning electron microscopy showed that P fertilizer amount (0, 46, and 92 kg P ha-1) had no significant effect on the shape of starch granules in wheat (cv. Xindong 20) grain. However, confocal laser scanning microscopy with 3-(4-carboxybenzoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde and methanolic merbromin stains indicated that P amount influenced the microstructure of the starch granules. Starch granules from the 46 kg P ha-1 treatment released significantly more reducing sugars than those from the 0 and 92 kg P ha-1 treatments during digestion with alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase digestion. Phosphorus application (especially the 46 kg P ha-1 treatments) significantly increased the relative expression of genes related to starch synthesis (especially during early to mid-grain filling) and starch degradation (especially during mid- and late grain filling). Phosphorus application also increased the transcript abundance of amylase genes at the periphery of the endosperm. We propose that P application, especially the 46 kg P ha-1 treatment, enhanced channels in wheat starch granules. These channels facilitated the transport of substances required for starch biosynthesis, thus increasing starch accumulation in wheat endosperm. These results provide insight into the potential mechanisms through which P influences the microstructure and biosynthesis of wheat starch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chunyan Li
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, The Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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48
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Dou M, Zhang Y, Yang S, Feng X. Identification of ZHOUPI Orthologs in Rice Involved in Endosperm Development and Cuticle Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018. [PMID: 29541083 PMCID: PMC5835929 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The endosperm occupies most of the available space within mature rice seeds, contains abundant nutrients, and directly influences both the quality and quantity of rice production. Initial reports noted that AtZHOUPI (AtZOU) coordinates endosperm breakdown and the concomitant separation of the embryo from this structure in Arabidopsis. The results of this study show that rice genomes contain two most closely related homologs of AtZOU, OsZOU-1 and OsZOU-2; of these, OsZOU-1 expression is limited to within the endosperm where it can be detected throughout this structure 5 days after pollination (DAP). Its expression gradually decreases from seven DAP to nine DAP. The second of the two most closely related homologs, OsZOU-2, is highly expressed in leaves and stem, but is not detected in developing seeds. Heterologous expression of OsZOU-1 and OsZOU-2 in Atzou-4 mutants also revealed that OsZOU-1 partially complements the seed phenotypes of these individuals, while its counterpart, OsZOU-2, was unable to recover these phenotypes. The over-expression of OsZOU-1 severely disrupts both seed development and plant growth in transgenic rice lines, as plants in which this gene has been knocked down failed in the separation of endosperm from embryo and cuticle formation during seed development. The results of this study therefore suggest that OsZOU-1 is orthologous to the AtZOU, and regulates both endosperm development and cuticle formation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Dou
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (CAS), Changchun, China
- College of Life Sciences, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Yaohua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (CAS), Changchun, China
| | - Suxin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (CAS), Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Suxin Yang, Xianzhong Feng,
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology (CAS), Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Suxin Yang, Xianzhong Feng,
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49
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Roustan V, Roustan PJ, Weidinger M, Reipert S, Kapusi E, Shabrangy A, Stoger E, Weckwerth W, Ibl V. Microscopic and Proteomic Analysis of Dissected Developing Barley Endosperm Layers Reveals the Starchy Endosperm as Prominent Storage Tissue for ER-Derived Hordeins Alongside the Accumulation of Barley Protein Disulfide Isomerase (HvPDIL1-1). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1248. [PMID: 30250475 PMCID: PMC6139375 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare) is one of the major food sources for humans and forage sources for animal livestock. The average grain protein content (GPC) of barley ranges between 8 and 12%. Barley hordeins (i.e., prolamins) account for more than 50% of GPC in mature seeds and are important for both grain and flour quality. Barley endosperm is structured into three distinct cell layers: the starchy endosperm, which acts essentially as storage tissue for starch; the subaleurone, which is characterized by a high accumulation of seed storage proteins (SSPs); and the aleurone, which has a prominent role during seed germination. Prolamins accumulate in distinct, ER-derived protein bodies (PBs) and their trafficking route is spatio-temporally regulated. The protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) has been shown to be involved in PB formation. Here, we unravel the spatio-temporal proteome regulation in barley aleurone, subaleurone, and starchy endosperm for the optimization of end-product quality in barley. We used laser microdissection (LMD) for subsequent nanoLC-MS/MS proteomic analyses in two experiments: in Experiment One, we investigated the proteomes of dissected barley endosperm layers at 12 and at ≥20 days after pollination (DAP). We found a set of 10 proteins that were present in all tissues at both time points. Among these proteins, the relative protein abundance of D-hordein, B3-hordein and HvPDIL1-1 significantly increased in starchy endosperm between 12 and ≥20 DAP, identifying the starchy endosperm as putative major storage tissue. In Experiment Two, we specifically compared the starchy endosperm proteome at 6, 12, and ≥20 DAP. Whereas the relative protein abundance of D-hordein and B3-hordein increased between 6 and ≥20 DAP, HvPDIL1-1 increased between 6 and 12 DAP, but remained constant at ≥20 DAP. Microscopic observations showed that these relative protein abundance alterations were accompanied by additional localization of hordeins at the periphery of starch granules and a partial re-localization of HvPDIL1-1 from PBs to the periphery of starch granules. Our data indicate a spatio-temporal regulation of hordeins and HvPDIL1-1. These results are discussed in relation to the putative role of HvPDIL1-1 in end-product quality in barley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pierre-Jean Roustan
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Siegfried Reipert
- Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eszter Kapusi
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Azita Shabrangy
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ibl
- Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Verena Ibl
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50
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Zheng X, Hou H, Zhang H, Yue M, Hu Y, Li L. Histone acetylation is involved in GA-mediated 45S rDNA decondensation in maize aleurone layers. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:115-123. [PMID: 28939922 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2207-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aleurone layer is crucial to seed germination. Using dissected aleurone layers, we found that GA increased histone acetylation accompanied by rDNA decondensation in aleurone layers during maize seed germination. Aleurone layers play an important role in cereal seed germination. In this study, we reported that rDNA chromatin was decondensed, accompanied with increased rDNA expression and genomic global hyperacetylation in gibberellin (GA)-treated maize-dissected aleurone layers. The activity analysis of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and deacetylase (HDAC) showed that GA increased the level of histone acetylation by promoting the ratio of HAT/HDAC activity in aleurone layers. HDAC inhibitors TSA and CUDC-101 elevated the histone acetylation in aleurone layers accompanied by 45S rDNA decondensation. The further chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments showed that GA treatment promoted the level of histone acetylation in the promoter region of the rRNA and HAT/HDAC genes in aleurone layers. Taken together, these data indicated that histone acetylation mediates GA-regulated 45S rDNA chromatin decondensation in aleurone layers during maize seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Haoli Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mengxia Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lijia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
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