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Song H, Wu Y, Dai X, Dal Corso J, Wang F, Feng Y, Chu D, Tian L, Song H, Foster WJ. Respiratory protein-driven selectivity during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Innovation (N Y) 2024; 5:100618. [PMID: 38638583 PMCID: PMC11025005 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2024.100618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Extinction selectivity determines the direction of macroevolution, especially during mass extinction; however, its driving mechanisms remain poorly understood. By investigating the physiological selectivity of marine animals during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction, we found that marine clades with lower O2-carrying capacity hemerythrin proteins and those relying on O2 diffusion experienced significantly greater extinction intensity and body-size reduction than those with higher O2-carrying capacity hemoglobin or hemocyanin proteins. Our findings suggest that animals with high O2-carrying capacity obtained the necessary O2 even under hypoxia and compensated for the increased energy requirements caused by ocean acidification, which enabled their survival during the Permian-Triassic mass extinction. Thus, high O2-carrying capacity may have been crucial for the transition from the Paleozoic to the Modern Evolutionary Fauna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuyang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xu Dai
- Biogéosciences, UMR 6282, CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, 21000 Dijon, France
| | - Jacopo Dal Corso
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fengyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Daoliang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Li Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huyue Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, School of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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Hu N, Bourdeau PE, Hollander J. Responses of marine trophic levels to the combined effects of ocean acidification and warming. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3400. [PMID: 38649374 PMCID: PMC11035698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47563-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine organisms are simultaneously exposed to anthropogenic stressors associated with ocean acidification and ocean warming, with expected interactive effects. Species from different trophic levels with dissimilar characteristics and evolutionary histories are likely to respond differently. Here, we perform a meta-analysis of controlled experiments including both ocean acidification and ocean warming factors to investigate single and interactive effects of these stressors on marine species. Contrary to expectations, we find that synergistic interactions are less common (16%) than additive (40%) and antagonistic (44%) interactions overall and their proportion decreases with increasing trophic level. Predators are the most tolerant trophic level to both individual and combined effects. For interactive effects, calcifying and non-calcifying species show similar patterns. We also identify climate region-specific patterns, with interactive effects ranging from synergistic in temperate regions to compensatory in subtropical regions, to positive in tropical regions. Our findings improve understanding of how ocean warming, and acidification affect marine trophic levels and highlight the need for deeper consideration of multiple stressors in conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Biology- Aquatic Ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul E Bourdeau
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Johan Hollander
- World Maritime University, Ocean Sustainability, Governance & Management Unit, 211 18, Malmö, Sweden.
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3
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Carrier-Belleau C, Pascal L, Tiegs SD, Nozais C, Archambault P. Tipping point arises earlier under a multiple-stressor scenario. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16780. [PMID: 37798389 PMCID: PMC10555998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts and global changes have profound implications for natural ecosystems and may lead to their modification, degradation or collapse. Increases in the intensity of single stressors may create abrupt shifts in biotic responses (i.e. thresholds). The effects of multiple interacting stressors may create non-additive responses, known as synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Here we combine both concepts-ecological thresholds and interactions between multiple stressors-to understand the effects of multiple interacting stressors along environmental gradients, and how this can affect the occurrence of thresholds. Using an experimental approach to investigate the effect of nutrient enrichment and saltwater intrusion on mortality in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, we show that multiple stressors can create thresholds at lower levels of an environmental gradient. Our results reveal a major shortcoming in how we currently investigate these two ecological concepts, as considering them separately may be causing underestimation of thresholds and stressor-interaction impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Carrier-Belleau
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Takuvik Joint UL/CNRS Laboratory, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Ludovic Pascal
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Canada Research Chair in geochemistry of coastal hydrogeosystems, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Scott D Tiegs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Christian Nozais
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Takuvik Joint UL/CNRS Laboratory, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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4
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Alma L, Fiamengo CJ, Alin SR, Jackson M, Hiromoto K, Padilla-Gamiño JL. Physiological responses of scallops and mussels to environmental variability: Implications for future shellfish aquaculture. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115356. [PMID: 37633025 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Puget Sound (Washington, USA) is a large estuary, known for its profitable shellfish aquaculture industry. However, in the past decade, scientists have observed strong acidification, hypoxia, and temperature anomalies in Puget Sound. These co-occurring environmental stressors are a threat to marine ecosystems and shellfish aquaculture. Our research assesses how environmental variability in Puget Sound impacts two ecologically and economically important bivalves, the purple-hinge rock scallop (Crassodoma gigantea) and Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis). Our study examines the effect of depth and seasonality on the physiology of these two important bivalves to gain insight into ideal grow-out conditions in an aquaculture setting, improving the yield and quality of this sustainable protein source. To do this, we used Hood Canal (located in Puget Sound) as a natural multiple-stressor laboratory, which allowed us to study acclimatization capacity of shellfish in their natural habitat and provide the aquaculture industry information about differences in growth rate, shell strength, and nutritional sources across depths and seasons. Bivalves were outplanted at two depths (5 and 30 m) and collected after 3.5 and 7.5 months. To maximize mussel and scallop growth potential in an aquaculture setting, our results suggest outplanting at 5 m depth, with more favorable oxygen and pH levels. Mussel shell integrity can be improved by placing out at 5 m, regardless of season, however, there were no notable differences in shell strength between depths in scallops. For both species, δ13C values were lowest at 5 m in the winter and δ15N was highest at 30 m regardless of season. Puget Sound's combination of naturally and anthropogenically acidified conditions is already proving to be a challenge for shellfish farmers. Our study provides crucial information to farmers to optimize aquaculture grow-out as we begin to navigate the impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Alma
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Bodega Marine Laboratory, College of Biological Sciences, University of California, Davis, 2099 Westshore Rd., Bodega Bay, CA 94923, USA.
| | - Courtney J Fiamengo
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Simone R Alin
- National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (NOAA/PMEL), 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - Molly Jackson
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Taylor Shellfish Hatchery, 701 Broadspit Rd., Quilcene, WA 98376, USA
| | - Kris Hiromoto
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Oso OG, Sunday JO, Odaibo AB. Temporal modelling of Lymnaea natalensis (Krauss, 1848) in tropical aquatic habitats. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2023; 90:e1-e13. [PMID: 37265142 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v90i1.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymnaea natalensis is the only snail intermediate host of Fasciola gigantica, the causative agent of fascioliasis, in Nigeria. The species also serves as intermediate host for many other African trematode species of medical and veterinary importance, and it is found throughout the country. However, there is no detailed information on the factors that influence its distribution and seasonal abundance in the tropical aquatic habitats in Nigeria. This study used the geographic information system and remotely sensed data to develop models for predicting the distribution of L. natalensis in South-Western Nigeria. Both land surface temperature (LST) and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) were extracted from Landsat satellite imagery; other variables (slope and elevation) were extracted from a digital elevation model (DEM) while rainfall data were retrieved from the European Meteorology Research Programme (EMRP). These environmental variables were integrated into a geographic information system (GIS) to predict suitable habitats of L. natalensis using exploratory regression. A total of 1410 L. natalensis snails were collected vis-à-vis 22 sampling sites. Built-up areas recorded more L. natalensis compared with farmlands. There was no significant difference in the abundance of snails with season (p 0.05). The regression models showed that rainfall, NDVI, and slope were predictors of L. natalensis distribution. The habitats suitable for L. natalensis were central areas, while areas to the north and south were not suitable for L. natalensis.Contribution: The predictive risk models of L. natalensis in the study will be useful in mapping other areas where the snail sampling could not be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi G Oso
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
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6
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Makri V, Feidantsis K, Porlou D, Ntokou A, Georgoulis I, Giantsis IA, Anestis A, Michaelidis B. Red porgy's (Pagrus pagrus) cellular physiology and antioxidant defense in response to seasonality. J Therm Biol 2023; 113:103527. [PMID: 37055131 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Physiological stress patterns of marine organisms in their natural habitats are considerably complex in space and time. These patterns can eventually contribute in the shaping of fish' thermal limits under natural conditions. In the view of the knowledge gap regarding red porgy's thermal physiology, in combination with the characterization of the Mediterranean Sea as a climate change ''hotspot'', the aim of the present study was to investigate this species biochemical responses to constantly changing field conditions. To achieve this goal, Heat Shock Response (HSR), MAPKs pathway, autophagy, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense were estimated and exhibited a seasonal pattern. In general, all the examined biochemical indicators expressed high levels parallel to the increasing seawater temperature in spring, although several bio-indicators have shown increased levels when fish were cold-acclimatized. Similar to other sparids, the observed patterns of physiological responses in red porgy may support the concept of eurythermy.
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7
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Lattuca ME, Vanella FA, Malanga G, Rubel MD, Manríquez PH, Torres R, Alter K, Marras S, Peck MA, Domenici P, Fernández DA. Ocean acidification and seasonal temperature extremes combine to impair the thermal physiology of a sub-Antarctic fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:159284. [PMID: 36209875 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To predict the potential impacts of climate change on marine organisms, it is critical to understand how multiple stressors constrain the physiology and distribution of species. We evaluated the effects of seasonal changes in seawater temperature and near-future ocean acidification (OA) on organismal and sub-organismal traits associated with the thermal performance of Eleginops maclovinus, a sub-Antarctic notothenioid species with economic importance to sport and artisanal fisheries in southern South America. Juveniles were exposed to mean winter and summer sea surface temperatures (4 and 10 °C) at present-day and near-future pCO2 levels (~500 and 1800 μatm). After a month, the Critical Thermal maximum and minimum (CTmax, CTmin) of fish were measured using the Critical Thermal Methodology and the aerobic scope of fish was measured based on the difference between their maximal and standard rates determined from intermittent flow respirometry. Lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant capacity were also quantified to estimate the oxidative damage potentially caused to gill and liver tissue. Although CTmax and CTmin were higher in individuals acclimated to summer versus winter temperatures, the increase in CTmax was minimal in juveniles exposed to the near-future compared to present-day pCO2 levels (there was a significant interaction between temperature and pCO2 on CTmax). The reduction in the thermal tolerance range under summer temperatures and near-future OA conditions was associated with a reduction in the aerobic scope observed at the elevated pCO2 level. Moreover, an oxidative stress condition was detected in the gill and liver tissues. Thus, chronic exposure to OA and the current summer temperatures pose limits to the thermal performance of juvenile E. maclovinus at the organismal and sub-organismal levels, making this species vulnerable to projected climate-driven warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Lattuca
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina.
| | - Fabián A Vanella
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Malanga
- Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires (FFyB - UBA), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina; Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL - CONICET), Junín 956, C1113AAD CABA, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano D Rubel
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Patricio H Manríquez
- Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Av. Bernardo Ossandón 877, 1781681 Coquimbo, Chile; Laboratorio de Ecología y Conducta de la Ontogenia Temprana (LECOT), Larrondo 1281, 1781421 Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia (CIEP), José de Moraleda 16, 5951369 Coyhaique, Chile; Centro de Investigación Dinámica de Ecosistemas Marinos de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Av. El Bosque 01789, 6200000 Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Katharina Alter
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Stefano Marras
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy
| | - Myron A Peck
- Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Department of Coastal Systems (COS), P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo Domenici
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero (CNR-IAMC), Località Sa Mardini, 09070 Torregrande, Oristano, Italy; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biofisica (CNR-IBF), Area di Ricerca San Cataldo, Via G. Moruzzi N°1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniel A Fernández
- Laboratorio de Ecología, Fisiología y Evolución de Organismos Acuáticos, Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo Houssay 200, V9410BFD Ushuaia, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (UNTDF - ICPA), Fuegia Basket 251, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Argentina
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8
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Montory JA, Cubillos VM, Lee MR, Chaparro OR, Gebauer P, Cumillaf JP, Cruces E. The interactive effect of anti-sea lice pesticide azamethiphos and temperature on the physiological performance of the filter-feeding bivalve Ostrea chilensis: A non-target species. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 183:105837. [PMID: 36481714 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The pesticide azamethiphos used by the salmon industry to treat sea lice, is applied as a bath and subsequently discharged into the sea. The effects of azamethiphos concentration (0, 15 and 100 μg L-1) on the physiology of the Chilean oyster (Ostrea chilensis) at two temperatures (12 and 15 °C) was examined. In all azamethiphos treatments, oysters kept at 15 °C had clearance rates (CR) higher than oysters kept at 12 °C. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) increased at higher temperatures, except with 100 μg L-1 of azamethiphos, where no changes were observed. Sixty days after the exposure, survival rates of 91 and 79% (15 and 100 μg L-1, respectively), were observed compared to the controls, a situation independent of the experimental temperature. The interaction between temperature and pesticide has detrimental effects on the physiological performance and survival of O. chilensis, and these effects should also be assessed for other non-target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Montory
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad De Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile.
| | - Victor M Cubillos
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Matthew R Lee
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad De Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Oscar R Chaparro
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Paulina Gebauer
- Centro i∼mar, Universidad De Los Lagos, Casilla 557, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Juan P Cumillaf
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Acuicultura, Universidad Austral de Chile, Los Pinos s/n, Balneario Pelluco, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Edgardo Cruces
- Centro de Investigaciones Costeras-Universidad de Atacama (CIC-UDA), Universidad de Atacama, Avenida Copayapu 485, Copiapó, Chile
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Multistressor global change drivers reduce hatch and viability of Lingcod embryos, a benthic egg layer in the California Current System. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21987. [PMID: 36539443 PMCID: PMC9768118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-25553-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early life history stages of marine fishes are often more susceptible to environmental stressors than adult stages. This vulnerability is likely exacerbated for species that lay benthic egg masses bound to substrate because the embryos cannot evade locally unfavorable environmental conditions. Lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), a benthic egg layer, is an ecologically and economically significant predator in the highly-productive California Current System (CCS). We ran a flow-through mesocosm experiment that exposed Lingcod eggs collected from Monterey Bay, CA to conditions we expect to see in the central CCS by the year 2050 and 2100. Exposure to temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen concentrations projected by the year 2050 halved the successful hatch of Lingcod embryos and significantly reduced the size of day-1 larvae. In the year 2100 treatment, viable hatch plummeted (3% of normal), larvae were undersized (83% of normal), yolk reserves were exhausted (38% of normal), and deformities were widespread (94% of individuals). This experiment is the first to expose marine benthic eggs to future temperature, pH, and dissolved oxygen conditions in concert. Lingcod are a potential indicator species for other benthic egg layers for which global change conditions may significantly diminish recruitment rates.
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10
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Pan PK, Wang KT, Nan FH, Wu TM, Wu YS. Red Algae “Sarcodia suieae” Acetyl-Xylogalactan Downregulate Heat-Induced Macrophage Stress Factors Ddit3 and Hyou1 Compared to the Aquatic Animal Model of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Brain Arachidonic Acid Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314662. [PMID: 36498988 PMCID: PMC9737935 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is known to be an increased stress that affects aquatic animal behavior and physiological alternations, which can induce the animal's death. In order to known whether the extracted acetyl-xylogalactan function on the regulation of the external high temperature induced death, we first selected the mammalian cell line "RAW 264.7" used in the previous experiment to evaluate the extracted acetyl-xylogalactan function. We aimed to evaluate the effects of the acetyl-xylogalactan on the RAW 264.7 macrophages and Nile Tilapia stress factor expression under the heat environment. In the in vitro cell observation, we assessed the cell survival, phagocytic activity, intracellular Ca2+ level, mitochondria potential exchange, apoptotic assay findings, galactosidase activity, RNA-seq by NGS and real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) expression. In the in vivo Nile Tilapia observation aimed to evaluate the blood biochemical indicator, brain metabolites exchange and the liver morphology. In our evaluation of RAW 264.7 macrophages, the RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was shown to upregulate the expression of the anti-apoptosis Cflar gene and downregulate the expression of the apoptosis factors Ddit3 and Hyou1 to protect macrophages under heat stress. We already knew the extracted acetyl-xylogalactan function on the mammalian "RAW 264.7" system. Following, we used the aquatic Nile Tilapia model as the anthropogenic climate change high temperature experiment. After feeding the Nile Tilapia with the acetyl-xylogalactan, it was found to reduce the brain arachidonic acid (AA) production, which is related to the NF-κB-induced apoptosis mechanism. Combined with the in vitro and in vivo findings, the acetyl-xylogalactan was able to reduce the heat induced cell or tissue stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Kai Pan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Teng Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Meng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-M.W.); (Y.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 6223) (Y.-S.W.)
| | - Yu-Sheng Wu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (T.-M.W.); (Y.-S.W.); Tel.: +886-8-7703202 (ext. 6223) (Y.-S.W.)
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11
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Lucey N, Aube C, Herwig A, Collin R. Compound Extreme Events Induce Rapid Mortality in a Tropical Sea Urchin. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2022; 243:239-254. [PMID: 36548978 DOI: 10.1086/722283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe frequency, magnitude, and duration of marine heatwaves and deoxygenation events are increasing globally. Recent research suggests that their co-occurrence is more common than previously thought and that their combination can have rapid, dire biological impacts. We used the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter to determine whether mortality occurs faster when deoxygenation events are combined with extreme heating (compound events), compared to deoxygenation events alone. We also tested whether prior exposure to local heatwave conditions accentuates the impacts of compound events. Animals were first exposed for five days to either ambient temperature (28 °C) or a warmer temperature that met the minimum criteria for a local heatwave (30.5 °C). Animals were then exposed to hypoxia, defined as oxygen levels 35% below their average critical oxygen limit, combined with ambient or extreme field temperatures (28 °C, 32 °C). Subsets of animals were removed from the hypoxic treatments every 3 hours for 24 hours to determine how long they could survive. Prior exposure to heatwave conditions did not help or hinder survival under hypoxic conditions, and animals exposed to hypoxia under ambient temperatures experienced little mortality. However, when hypoxia was coupled with extreme temperatures (32 °C), 55% of the animals died within 24 hours. On the reefs at our Panama study site, we found that extreme hypoxic conditions only ever occurred during marine heatwave events, with four compound events occurring in 2018. These results show that short durations (∼1 day) of compound events can be catastrophic and that increases in their duration will severely threaten sea urchin populations.
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12
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Yan F. Effects of climate changes on net primary productivity variation in the marsh area of the Sanjiang Plain. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sanjiang Plain includes the largest freshwater marsh in China, playing an important role in regional carbon cycle. As an important indicator of carbon cycle, the net primary productivity (NPP) is a crucial index for estimating the carbon storage of marshy wetlands. Investigating the association between climate factors and NPP variation quantitatively is of great significance for estimating carbon sequestration of marsh. Based on NPP data and climatic data from 1954 to 2014, the spatiotemporal change of NPP in marsh area was analyzed and its association with climate factors was investigated in the Sanjiang Plain in this study. The results indicated that the NPP showed an increase trend in the marsh area of the Sanjiang Plain in the past six decades. Temperate growth made the largest contribution to the NPP increase among the main climate factors in the last six decades, followed by CO2 concentration. Solar Radiation had the largest explanatory power on the spatial distribution of NPP among three climate factors before 1985. After 1985, temperature played an important role in leading the NPP distribution. Results also showed that the explanatory power of interactions between climate factors was stronger than that of single factor. Our results highlight the asymmetric effects of interactions between climate factors on marsh vegetation, which should be adequately considered in estimating carbon sequestration in marsh area in the Sanjiang Plain.
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13
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Hu N, Bourdeau PE, Harlos C, Liu Y, Hollander J. Meta-analysis reveals variance in tolerance to climate change across marine trophic levels. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154244. [PMID: 35245550 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are currently facing a variety of anthropogenic perturbations, including climate change. Trophic differences in response to climate change may disrupt ecological interactions and thereby threaten marine ecosystem function. Yet, we still do not have a comprehensive understanding of how different trophic levels respond to climate change stressors in marine ecosystems. By including 1278 experiments, comprising 236 different marine species from 18 different phyla in a meta-analysis of studies measuring the direct effect of ocean acidification and ocean warming on marine organisms, we found that higher trophic level species display greater tolerance to ocean acidification but greater sensitivity to warming. In contrast, marine herbivores were the most vulnerable trophic level to both acidification and warming. Such imbalances in the community and a general reduction of biodiversity and biomass in lower trophic levels can significantly disrupt the system and could drive negative bottom-up effects. In conclusion, with ocean acidification and elevated temperatures, there is an alarming risk that trophic disparity may disrupt species interactions, and thereby drive community destabilization under ocean climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Biology- Aquatic ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Paul E Bourdeau
- Department of Biological Sciences, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
| | - Christian Harlos
- Department of Biology- Aquatic ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Biology- Aquatic ecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Johan Hollander
- Sasakawa Global Ocean Institute, World Maritime University, Malmö, Sweden.
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14
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Vazquez Roman KN, Burggren WW. Metabolic responses to crude oil during early life stages reveal critical developmental windows in the zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2022; 254:109274. [PMID: 35051628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Morphological effects of crude oil exposure on early development in fishes have been well documented, but crude oil's metabolic effects and when in early development these effects might be most prominent remains unclear. We hypothesized that zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to crude oil as a high energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF) would show increased routine oxygen consumption (ṀO2) and critical oxygen tension (PCrit) and this effect would be dependent upon day of HEWAF exposure, revealing critical windows of development for exposure effects. Zebrafish were exposed to 0%, 10%, 25%, 50% or 100% HEWAF for 24 h during one of the first six days post-fertilization (dpf). Survival rate, body mass, routine ṀO2, and PCrit were then measured at 7 dpf. Survival rate and especially body mass were both decreased based on both exposure concentration and day of crude oil exposure, with the largest decrease when HEWAF exposure occurred at 3 dpf. HEWAF effects on routine ṀO2 also differed depending upon exposure day. The largest effect occurred at 3 dpf, when ṀO2 increased significantly by ~60% from 10.1 ± 0.8 μmol O2/g/h compared to control group value of 6.3 ± 0.4 μmol O2/g/h. No significant effects of HEWAF exposure on any day were evident for PCrit (85 ± 4 mmHg in the control population). Overall, the main effects on body mass and ṀO2 measured at 7 dpf occurred when HEWAF exposures occurred at ~3 dpf. This critical window for metabolism in zebrafish larvae coincides with time of hatching, which may represent an especially vulnerable period in development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karem N Vazquez Roman
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Warren W Burggren
- Developmental Integrative Biology Research Group, Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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15
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Posadas N, Baquiran JIP, Nada MAL, Kelly M, Conaco C. Microbiome diversity and host immune functions influence survivorship of sponge holobionts under future ocean conditions. THE ISME JOURNAL 2022; 16:58-67. [PMID: 34218251 PMCID: PMC8692459 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The sponge-associated microbial community contributes to the overall health and adaptive capacity of the sponge holobiont. This community is regulated by the environment and the immune system of the host. However, little is known about the effect of environmental stress on the regulation of host immune functions and how this may, in turn, affect sponge-microbe interactions. In this study, we compared the bacterial diversity and immune repertoire of the demosponge, Neopetrosia compacta, and the calcareous sponge, Leucetta chagosensis, under varying levels of acidification and warming stress based on climate scenarios predicted for 2100. Neopetrosia compacta harbors a diverse microbial community and possesses a rich repertoire of scavenger receptors while L. chagosensis has a less diverse microbiome and an expanded range of pattern recognition receptors and immune response-related genes. Upon exposure to RCP 8.5 conditions, the microbiome composition and host transcriptome of N. compacta remained stable, which correlated with high survival (75%). In contrast, tissue necrosis and low survival (25%) of L. chagosensis was accompanied by microbial community shifts and downregulation of host immune-related pathways. Meta-analysis of microbiome diversity and immunological repertoire across poriferan classes further highlights the importance of host-microbe interactions in predicting the fate of sponges under future ocean conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niño Posadas
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jake Ivan P. Baquiran
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Michael Angelou L. Nada
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Michelle Kelly
- grid.419676.b0000 0000 9252 5808National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cecilia Conaco
- grid.11134.360000 0004 0636 6193Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
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16
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González-Durán E, Hernández-Flores Á, Headley MD, Canul JD. On the effects of temperature and pH on tropical and temperate holothurians. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 9:coab092. [PMID: 34925846 PMCID: PMC8677458 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coab092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and increased ocean heat content has direct and indirect effects on marine organisms such as holothurians (sea cucumbers) that are vulnerable to changes in pH and temperature. These environmental factors have the potential to influence organismal performance and fitness at different life stages. Tropical and temperate holothurians are more vulnerable to temperature and pH than those from colder water environments. The high level of environmental variation observed in the oceans could influence organismal responses and even produce a wide spectrum of compensatory physiological mechanisms. It is possible that in these areas, larval survival will decline by up to 50% in response to a reduction of 0.5 pH units. Such reduction in pH may trigger low intrinsic growth rates and affect the sustainability of the resource. Here we describe the individual and combined effects that temperature and pH could produce in these organisms. We also describe how these effects can scale from individuals to the population level by using age-structured spatial models in which depensation can be integrated. The approach shows how physiology can improve the conservation of the resource based on the restriction of growth model parameters and by including a density threshold, below which the fitness of the population, specifically intrinsic growth rate, decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique González-Durán
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Campeche, Avenida Ing. Humberto Lanz Cárdenas y Fraccionamiento Ecológico Ambiental Siglo XXIII, Colonia, Ex Hacienda Kalá, C.P. 24085, San Francisco de Campeche, Campeche, Mexico
| | - Álvaro Hernández-Flores
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico Norte Tablaje Catastral 13941, Carretera Mérida-Progreso, C.P. 97300, Mérida Yucatán, México
| | - Maren D Headley
- Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism Secretariat, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, P.O Box 642, Belize
| | - José Duarte Canul
- Universidad Marista de Mérida, Periférico Norte Tablaje Catastral 13941, Carretera Mérida-Progreso, C.P. 97300, Mérida Yucatán, México
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17
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García-Rueda A, Tremblay N, Mascaró M, Díaz F, Paschke K, Caamal-Monsreal C, Rosas C. The thermal tolerance of a tropical population of blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) modulates aerobic metabolism during hypoxia. J Therm Biol 2021; 102:103078. [PMID: 34863472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The blue crab Callinectes sapidus is a widespread ectothermic species that supports large fisheries. Physiology of temperate and subtropical populations of blue crabs are well studied; however, a lack of information exists on tropical populations. Given the low locomotion capabilities of C. sapidus adult blue crabs, natural selection should favor traits that shape a particular thermal niche reflected through tolerance modulation to dissolved oxygen (DO). This study was designed to evaluate the thermal window and hypoxia sensitivity of the blue crab population in the southern Gulf of Mexico. The effect of acclimation temperatures from 20 °C to 34 °C on thermal preference (TP), critical thermal limits (CT), and thermal metabolic scope (TMS) was assessed in normoxia. Metabolic rate regulation over oxygen partial pressure (pO2) gradient was evaluated through oxygen consumption measurements at different degrees of acute hypoxia. Callinectes sapidus was observed tending to specialize towards higher temperatures, showing a mean TP from 26 °C to 33 °C. The lowest performance of aerobic pathways was observed at the coldest regimes and the highest at the warmest ones with mean TMS value being 35 % greater at 34 °C than 20 °C. Patterns for metabolic regulation were dependent on the interaction between environmental temperature and DO, in which the interval from 29 °C to 34 °C provoked a 50 % reduction in oxygen consumption when exposed to ∼20% air saturation levels. The results obtained showed that blue crabs distributed in the southern Gulf of Mexico could be close to their oxygen-temperature tolerance limits, which has important implications when climate change effects on species re-distribution is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana García-Rueda
- Posgrado en Ciencias Del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Nelly Tremblay
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Biologische Anstalt Helgoland, Shelf Sea System Ecology, Helgoland, Germany
| | - Maite Mascaró
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, (CICESE), Carretera Ensenada, Tijuana #3918, Ensenada, 22860, Ensenada, Baja CA, Mexico
| | - Kurt Paschke
- Laboratorio de Ecofisiología de Crustáceos, Instituto de Acuicultura, Universidad Austral, Casilla, 1327, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo S/n, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico; Laboratorio Nacional de Resiliencia Costera (CONACYT-Fac. de Ciencias, UNAM), Puerto de Abrigo, 97356, Sisal, Yucatán, Mexico.
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18
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Quirino PP, de Siqueira-Silva DH, da Silva Rodrigues M, Dos Santos-Silva AP, Delgado MLR, Senhorini JA, Ninhaus-Silveira A, Veríssimo-Silveira R. Gonadal morphology and difference in reproductive development of two isolated populations of Astyanax rivularis (Teleostei, Characidae). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 99:1719-1728. [PMID: 34392530 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Individuals of the same species may present different reproductive tactics depending on the environment in which they develop and mature. The present study aimed to define the gonadal development phases of males and females of Astyanax rivularis and to carry out a comparative analysis of the reproductive development of specimens captured in two isolated environments of the São Francisco River basin in Serra da Canastra, Brazil (Point 1: low vegetation and river showing calm and crystalline waters with small well formations; Point 2: current waters, and well-established areas of arboreal vegetation). Thus, the gonads of A. rivularis specimens were collected, fixed and processed with techniques for light microscopy. Five maturation phases of the females' reproductive cycle were established: immature, developing, spawning capable, regressing and regenerating. Three maturation phases of the males' reproductive cycle were observed: spawning capable, regressing, and regenerating. There are differences in the phases of gonadal development of A. rivularis between the two sampling points so that, possibly, animals upstream of the waterfall demonstrate a delay in the reproductive cycle in relation to animals downstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Postingel Quirino
- Laboratory of Neotropical Ichthyology, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Campus de Ilha Solteira, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Zoology), R. Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Diógenes Henrique de Siqueira-Silva
- Research Group of Reproduction on Amazon Fish, Instituto de Estudo em Saúde e Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Para, Marabá, Brazil
| | - Maira da Silva Rodrigues
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Reproductive and Molecular Biology Group. R. Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Amanda Pereira Dos Santos-Silva
- National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Fish, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Maria Luiza Ribeiro Delgado
- Laboratory of Neotropical Ichthyology, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Campus de Ilha Solteira, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
- Institute of Biosciences, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Zoology), R. Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Senhorini
- National Center for Research and Conservation of Continental Fish, Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ninhaus-Silveira
- Laboratory of Neotropical Ichthyology, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Campus de Ilha Solteira, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
| | - Rosicleire Veríssimo-Silveira
- Laboratory of Neotropical Ichthyology, Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho', Campus de Ilha Solteira, Ilha Solteira, Brazil
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19
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Guo Y, Zhou B, Sun T, Zhang Y, Jiang Y, Wang Y. An Explanation Based on Energy-Related Changes for Blue Mussel Mytilus edulis Coping With Seawater Acidification. Front Physiol 2021; 12:761117. [PMID: 34721083 PMCID: PMC8551607 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.761117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As ocean acidification (OA) is gradually increasing, concerns regarding its ecological impacts on marine organisms are growing. Our previous studies have shown that seawater acidification exerted adverse effects on physiological processes of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, and the aim of the present study was to obtain energy-related evidence to verify and explain our previous findings. Thus, the same acidification system (pH: 7.7 or 7.1; acidification method: HCl addition or CO2 enrichment; experimental period: 21d) was set up, and the energy-related changes were assessed. The results showed that the energy charge (EC) and the gene expressions of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) reflecting the ATP synthesis rate increased significantly after acidification treatments. What's more, the mussels exposed to acidification allocated more energy to gills and hemocytes. However, the total adenylate pool (TAP) and the final adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in M. edulis decreased significantly, especially in CO2 treatment group at pH 7.1. It was interesting to note that, TAP, ATP, and COXs gene expressions in CO2 treatment groups were all significantly lower than that in HCl treatment groups at the same pH, verifying that CO2-induced acidification exhibited more deleterious impacts on M. edulis, and ions besides H+ produced by CO2 dissolution were possible causes. In conclusion, energy-related changes in M. edulis responded actively to seawater acidification and varied with different acidification conditions, while the constraints they had at higher acidification levels suggest that M. edulis will have a limited tolerance to increasing OA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Guo
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianli Sun
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Beijing, China
| | - Yaya Zhang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongshun Jiang
- Marine Science and Engineering College, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - You Wang
- College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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20
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McLean KM, Pasulka AL, Bockmon EE. A low-cost, accessible, and high-performing Arduino-based seawater pH control system for biological applications. HARDWAREX 2021; 10:e00247. [PMID: 35607696 PMCID: PMC9123462 DOI: 10.1016/j.ohx.2021.e00247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the last two decades, the need for seawater pH control methodologies paralleled the rise in attention to the biological impacts of ocean acidification. Many effective and high-performing systems have been created, but they are often expensive, complex, and difficult to establish. We developed a system that is similarly high performing, but at a low cost and with a simple and accessible design. This system is controlled by an Arduino Nano, an open-source electronics platform, which regulates the flow of CO2 gas through electric solenoid valves. The Arduino and other inexpensive materials total ∼$150 (plus CO2 gas and regulator), and a new treatment can be added for less than $35. Easy-to-learn code and simple wire-to-connect hardware make the design extremely accessible, requiring little time and expertise to establish. The system functions with a variety of pH probes and can be adapted to fit a variety of experimental designs and organisms. Using this set up, we were able to constrain seawater pH within a range of 0.07 pH units. Our system thus maintains the performance and adaptability of existing systems but expands their accessibility by reducing cost and complexity.
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21
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Sarà G, Milisenda G, Mangano MC, Bosch-Belmar M. The buffer effect of canopy-forming algae on vermetid reefs' functioning: A multiple stressor case study. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 171:112713. [PMID: 34252735 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity plays a key role for our planet by buffering ongoing and future changes in environmental conditions. We tested if canopy-forming algae enhancing biodiversity (CEB) in a Mediterranean intertidal reef ecological community could alleviate the effect of stressors (heat waves and pollution from sewage) on community metabolic rates (as expressed by oxygen consumption) used as a proxy of community functioning. CEB exerted a buffering effect related to the properties of stressor: physical-pulsing (heat wave) and chronic-trophic (sewage). After a simulated heat wave, CEB was effective in buffering the impacts of detrimental temperatures on the functioning of the community. In reefs exposed to chronic sewage effluents, benefits derived from CEB were less evident, which is likely due to the stressor's contextual action. The results support the hypothesis that ecological responses depend on stressor typology acting at local level and provide insights for improving management measures to mitigate anthropogenic disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Milisenda
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mangano
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Dipartimento Ecologia Marina Integrata, Sicily Marine Centre, Lungomare Cristoforo Colombo (complesso Roosevelt), 90142 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mar Bosch-Belmar
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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22
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Impact of ocean warming and ocean acidification on asexual reproduction and statolith formation of the symbiotic jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254983. [PMID: 34347820 PMCID: PMC8336884 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming are challenging marine organisms and ecosystems around the world. The synergetic effects of these two climate change stressors on jellyfish remain still understudied. Here, we examine the independent and combined effects of these two environmental variables on polyp population dynamics of the Mediterranean jellyfish Cotylorhiza tuberculata. An experiment was conducted to examine asexual reproduction by budding and strobilation considering current and ca. 2100 winter (Trial 1, 36 days) and summer (Trial 2, 36 days) conditions under the RCP8.5 (IPCC 2013). In Trial 1, a temperature of 18°C and two pH levels (current: 7.9 and, reduced: 7.7) were tested. Trial 2 considered two temperature levels 24°C and 30°C, under current and reduced acidification conditions (8.0 and 7.7, respectively). Ephyrae size and statolith formation of released ephyrae from polyps exposed to summer temperatures under both acidification treatment was also analyzed. Zooxanthellae density inside the polyps throughout the experiment was measured. C. tuberculata polyps could cope with the conditions mimicked in all experimental treatments and no significant effect of pH, temperature, or the combination of both variables on the abundance of polyps was observed. At 18°C, strobilation was reduced under high PCO2 conditions. Under summer treatments (24°C and 30°C), percentage strobilation was very low and several released ephyrae suffered malformations and reduced size, as a consequence of reduced pH and elevated temperatures, separately. The number of statoliths was not affected by pH or temperature, however, bigger statoliths were formed at elevated temperatures (30°C). Finally, zooxanthellae density was not affected by experimental conditions, even if, the duration of the experiment significantly affected symbiont concentration. Our results show that even though polyps of C. tuberculata would thrive the future worst scenario predicted for the Mediterranean Sea, their capacity to undergo a proper strobilation and to produce healthy ephyrae will be more vulnerable to climate induced environmental conditions, thereby affecting medusae recruitment and, therefore, population dynamics of the species.
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23
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Feidantsis K, Pörtner HO, Giantsis IA, Michaelidis B. Advances in understanding the impacts of global warming on marine fishes farmed offshore: Sparus aurata as a case study. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1509-1523. [PMID: 33161577 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring variations in proteins involved in metabolic processes, oxidative stress responses, cell signalling and protein homeostasis is a powerful tool for developing hypotheses of how environmental variations affect marine organisms' physiology and biology. According to the oxygen- and capacity-limited thermal tolerance hypothesis, thermal acclimation mechanisms such as adjusting the activities of enzymes of intermediary metabolism and of antioxidant defence mechanisms, inducing heat shock proteins (Hsps) or activating mitogen-activated protein kinases may all shift tolerance windows. Few studies have, however, investigated the molecular, biochemical and organismal responses by fishes to seasonal temperature variations in the field to link these to laboratory findings. Investigation of the impacts of global warming on fishes farmed offsore, in the open sea, can provide a stepping stone towards understanding effects on wild populations because they experience similar environmental fluctuations. Over the last 30 years, farming of the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata (Linnaeus 1758) has become widespread along the Mediterranean coastline, rendering this species a useful case study. Based on available information, the prevailing seasonal temperature variations expose the species to the upper and lower limits of its thermal range. Evidence for this includes oxygen restriction, reduced feeding, reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli, plus a range of molecular and biochemical indicators that change across the thermal range. Additionally, close relationships between biochemical pathways and seasonal patterns of metabolism indicate a connection between energy demand and metabolic processes on the one hand, and cellular stress responses such as oxidative stress, inflammation and autophagy on the other. Understanding physiological responses to temperature fluctuations in fishes farmed offshore can provide crucial background information for the conservation and successful management of aquaculture resources in the face of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Hans O Pörtner
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar-und Meeresforschung, Physiologie Mariner Tiere, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Ioannis A Giantsis
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece
| | - Basile Michaelidis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Schlenger AJ, Beas-Luna R, Ambrose RF. Forecasting ocean acidification impacts on kelp forest ecosystems. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0236218. [PMID: 33886569 PMCID: PMC8061940 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification is one the biggest threats to marine ecosystems worldwide, but its ecosystem wide responses are still poorly understood. This study integrates field and experimental data into a mass balance food web model of a temperate coastal ecosystem to determine the impacts of specific OA forcing mechanisms as well as how they interact with one another. Specifically, we forced a food web model of a kelp forest ecosystem near its southern distribution limit in the California large marine ecosystem to a 0.5 pH drop over the course of 50 years. This study utilizes a modeling approach to determine the impacts of specific OA forcing mechanisms as well as how they interact. Isolating OA impacts on growth (Production), mortality (Other Mortality), and predation interactions (Vulnerability) or combining all three mechanisms together leads to a variety of ecosystem responses, with some taxa increasing in abundance and other decreasing. Results suggest that carbonate mineralizing groups such as coralline algae, abalone, snails, and lobsters display the largest decreases in biomass while macroalgae, urchins, and some larger fish species display the largest increases. Low trophic level groups such as giant kelp and brown algae increase in biomass by 16% and 71%, respectively. Due to the diverse way in which OA stress manifests at both individual and population levels, ecosystem-level effects can vary and display nonlinear patterns. Combined OA forcing leads to initial increases in ecosystem and commercial biomasses followed by a decrease in commercial biomass below initial values over time, while ecosystem biomass remains high. Both biodiversity and average trophic level decrease over time. These projections indicate that the kelp forest community would maintain high productivity with a 0.5 drop in pH, but with a substantially different community structure characterized by lower biodiversity and relatively greater dominance by lower trophic level organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J. Schlenger
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo Beas-Luna
- Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Ensenada B.C. Mexico
| | - Richard F. Ambrose
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Pörtner HO. Climate impacts on organisms, ecosystems and human societies: integrating OCLTT into a wider context. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb238360. [PMID: 33627467 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.238360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Physiological studies contribute to a cause and effect understanding of ecological patterns under climate change and identify the scope and limits of adaptation. Across most habitats, this requires analyzing organism responses to warming, which can be modified by other drivers such as acidification and oxygen loss in aquatic environments or excess humidity or drought on land. Experimental findings support the hypothesis that the width and temperature range of thermal performance curves relate to biogeographical range. Current warming causes range shifts, hypothesized to include constraints in aerobic power budget which in turn are elicited by limitations in oxygen supply capacity in relation to demand. Different metabolic scopes involved may set the borders of both the fundamental niche (at standard metabolic rate) and the realized niche (at routine rate). Relative scopes for aerobic performance also set the capacity of species to interact with others at the ecosystem level. Niche limits and widths are shifting and probably interdependent across life stages, with young adults being least thermally vulnerable. The principles of thermal tolerance and performance may also apply to endotherms including humans, their habitat and human society. Overall, phylogenetically based comparisons would need to consider the life cycle of species as well as organism functional properties across climate zones and time scales. This Review concludes with a perspective on how mechanism-based understanding allows scrutinizing often simplified modeling approaches projecting future climate impacts and risks for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. It also emphasizes the usefulness of a consensus-building process among experimentalists for better recognition in the climate debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-O Pörtner
- Integrative Ecophysiology section, Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Marine and Polar Research, 27570 Bremetrhaven, Germany
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Schwemmer TG, Baumann H, Murray CS, Molina AI, Nye JA. Acidification and hypoxia interactively affect metabolism in embryos, but not larvae, of the coastal forage fish Menidia menidia. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb228015. [PMID: 33046569 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.228015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ocean acidification is occurring in conjunction with warming and deoxygenation as a result of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Multistressor experiments are critically needed to better understand the sensitivity of marine organisms to these concurrent changes. Growth and survival responses to acidification have been documented for many marine species, but studies that explore underlying physiological mechanisms of carbon dioxide (CO2) sensitivity are less common. We investigated oxygen consumption rates as proxies for metabolic responses in embryos and newly hatched larvae of an estuarine forage fish (Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia) to factorial combinations of CO2×temperature or CO2×oxygen. Metabolic rates of embryos and larvae significantly increased with temperature, but partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2 ) alone did not affect metabolic rates in any experiment. However, there was a significant interaction between PCO2 and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2 ) in embryos, because metabolic rates were unaffected by PO2 level at ambient PCO2 , but decreased with declining PO2 under elevated PCO2 For larvae, however, PCO2 and PO2 had no significant effect on metabolic rates. Our findings suggest high individual variability in metabolic responses to high PCO2 , perhaps owing to parental effects and time of spawning. We conclude that early life metabolism is largely resilient to elevated PCO2 in this species, but that acidification likely influences energetic responses and thus vulnerability to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- T G Schwemmer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - H Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut Avery Point, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - C S Murray
- Washington Ocean Acidification Center, School of Marine and Environmental Affairs, University of Washington, 3710 Brooklyn Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - A I Molina
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - J A Nye
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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García-Huidobro MR, Aldana M, Varas O, Pulgar J, García-Herrera C, Abarca-Ortega A, Grenier C, Rodríguez-Navarro AB, Lagos NA. Geographical variability and parasitism on body size, reproduction and shell characteristics of the keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa (Mollusca: Vetigastropoda). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 161:105060. [PMID: 33070932 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental variation may alter biological interactions and their ecological consequences. For instance, in marine ecosystems hosts and parasites are subject to environmental variability across latitudinal gradients, and their co-evolutionary dynamics may be the result of the interplay with local physical-chemical variables in seawater. Thus, assessing the environmental conditions required for a host in order to improve their survival is essential to understand the host-parasite interaction and dynamics. In this study, we evaluated the impact of parasitism by Proctoeces humboldti on the body size and reproduction of the intertidal keyhole limpet Fissurella crassa collected from three populations spanning ca. 1500 km along the latitudinal gradient of the Chilean coast. In addition, for the first time, we explore whether the effect of parasitism can be extended to changes in the organic composition and mechanical properties of the host shell. Our results show that parasitism prevalence and intensity, and body size of F. crassa increased in central Chile (ca. 33°S). Unlike body size, which was greater in parasitized limpets than in non-parasitized limpets at the three study sites, reproductive performance followed this trend only in central Chile populations, with no differences between parasitized and non-parasitized limpets collected in the northern Chilean (ca. 23°S), and lower in parasitized than non-parasitized individuals from the south-central Chile (ca. 37°S). The organic composition of F. crassa shells showed significant differences between parasite conditions (e.g. polysaccharides and water decreased in parasitized limpets) and across sites (e.g. proteins levels increase in shell of parasitized limpets from central Chile, but decreased at south-central Chile). However, variability in shell mechanical properties (e.g. toughness and elastic module) do not showed significant differences across sites and parasitism condition. These results suggest the interplay of both parasitism and environmental fluctuations upon the reproductive performance and morphology of the host. In addition, our result highlight that the host may also trade-offs reproduction, growth and shell organic composition to maintain the shell functionality (e.g. protection for mechanical forces and durophagous predators).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Roberto García-Huidobro
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Marcela Aldana
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile; Doctorado en Conservación y Gestión de la Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Varas
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Pulgar
- Departamento de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, República 440, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Biomecánica, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Aldo Abarca-Ortega
- Laboratorio de Biomateriales y Biomecánica, Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Tecnología Biomédica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christian Grenier
- Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; Departamento de Mineralogía y Petrología, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Nelson A Lagos
- Centro de Investigación e Innovación para el Cambio Climático (CiiCC), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Ejército 146, Santiago, Chile
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Gravinese PM, Munley MK, Kahmann G, Cole C, Lovko V, Blum P, Pierce R. The effects of prolonged exposure to hypoxia and Florida red tide (Karenia brevis) on the survival and activity of stone crabs. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 98:101897. [PMID: 33129455 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Florida red tides are harmful algae blooms caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, which occur along Florida's gulf coast almost annually. In recent years Florida red tide blooms have become more common, frequent, and intense. Florida's southwest coast, from Manatee to Collier County, has experienced repeated and prolonged K. brevis blooms since 2011 with the most recent bloom in 2017 lasting 17 months and resulting in both hypoxic and anoxic events. We therefore determined the survival and level of lethargy (e.g., lack of responsiveness or reduction in behavioral reactions) of sublegal stone crabs to K. brevis and hypoxia as both singular and simultaneous stressors. Crabs were randomly assigned to one of six treatments that included: 1) high concentration of toxic K. brevis (> 1 million cells L-1) maintained at normoxic levels (7.2 mg L-1 ± S.D. 0.47 dissolved oxygen), 2) moderate hypoxia (1.6 mg L-1 ± S.D. 0.42 dissolved oxygen) with no K. brevis, 3) moderate hypoxia (1.5 mg L-1 ± S.D. 0.43 dissolved oxygen) with a high concentration of K. brevis, 4) severe hypoxia with no K. brevis (0.69 mg L-1 ± S.D. 0.36 dissolved oxygen), 5) severe hypoxia (0.63 mg L-1 ± S.D. 0.40 dissolved oxygen) with a high concentration of K. brevis, and 6) a normoxic control (7.3 mg L-1 ± S.D. 0.61 dissolved oxygen) with no K. brevis. Survival and stone crab lethargy or responsiveness was monitored every 10-12 h for six days. Crabs simultaneously exposed to K. brevis and severe hypoxia exhibited a 43% decrease in survival and experienced increased lethargy within 24 h relative to the control (7% decrease in survival, no increase in lethargy). The increase in stress level and sluggish behavior during exposure to hypoxia was evident by a general lack of responsiveness or movement which indicates that nearshore populations of stone crabs are unlikely to emigrate away from such conditions suggesting that future harvests may be reduced following prolonged K. brevis blooms and hypoxic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M Gravinese
- Mote Marine Laboratory, Fisheries Ecology and Enhancement Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, United States; Florida Southern College, Department of Biological Sciences, 111 Lake Hollingsworth Drive, Lakeland, FL 33801, United States.
| | - Mary Kate Munley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Hampshire, 38 Academic Way Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Grace Kahmann
- Department of Biology, Thomas More University, 333 Thomas More Parkway Crestview Hills, KY 41017, United States
| | - Cody Cole
- Phytoplankton Ecology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, United States
| | - Vincent Lovko
- Phytoplankton Ecology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, United States
| | - Patricia Blum
- Ecotoxicology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, United States
| | - Richard Pierce
- Ecotoxicology Program, Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, FL 34236, United States
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Overwintering survivorship and growth of young-of-the-year black sea bass Centropristis striata. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236705. [PMID: 32834014 PMCID: PMC7444820 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Overwintering conditions have long been known to affect fish survival and year-class strength as well as determine the poleward range limit of many temperate fishes. Despite this known importance, mechanisms controlling overwintering mortality are poorly understood and the tolerance of marine fishes to the combined effects of winter temperature, salinity, and size is rarely quantified. In recent years, higher abundances of the temperate Serranid, black sea bass Centropristis striata, have been observed at latitudes further north than their traditional range suggesting that warming water temperatures, particularly during winter, may be facilitating the establishment of a population at more northern latitudes. To examine overwintering survival of C. striata, the combined effects of temperature, salinity and body mass were quantified in laboratory experiments. We identified 6°C as the lower incipient lethal temperature for C. striata, below which fish cease feeding, lose weight rapidly and die within 32 days. A short cold exposure experiment indicated that temperatures below 5°C resulted in mortality events that continued even as the temperature increased slowly to 10°C, indicating that even short cold snaps can impact survival and recruitment in this species. Importantly, fish in lower salinity lived significantly longer than fish at higher salinity at both 3°C and 5°C, suggesting that osmoregulatory stress plays a role in overwintering mortality in this species. Size was not a critical factor in determining overwintering survival of young-of-the-year (YOY) C. striata. Overwintering survival of YOY C. striata can be effectively predicted as a function of temperature and salinity and their interaction with an accelerated failure model to project future range limits. Identifying temperature thresholds may be a tractable way to incorporate environmental factors into population models and stock assessment models in fishes.
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Illing B, Downie A, Beghin M, Rummer J. Critical thermal maxima of early life stages of three tropical fishes: Effects of rearing temperature and experimental heating rate. J Therm Biol 2020; 90:102582. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Chatzidimitriou E, Bisaccia P, Corrà F, Bonato M, Irato P, Manuto L, Toppo S, Bakiu R, Santovito G. Copper/Zinc Superoxide Dismutase from the Crocodile Icefish Chionodraco hamatus: Antioxidant Defense at Constant Sub-Zero Temperature. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040325. [PMID: 32316382 PMCID: PMC7222407 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we describe the purification and molecular characterization of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) from Chionodraco hamatus, an Antarctic teleost widely distributed in many areas of the Ross Sea that plays a pivotal role in the Antarctic food chain. The primary sequence was obtained using biochemical and molecular biology approaches and compared with Cu,Zn SODs from other organisms. Multiple sequence alignment using the amino acid sequence revealed that Cu,Zn SOD showed considerable sequence similarity with its orthologues from various vertebrate species, but also some specific substitutions directly linked to cold adaptation. Phylogenetic analyses presented the monophyletic status of Antartic Teleostei among the Perciformes, confirming the erratic differentiation of these proteins and concurring with the theory of the "unclock-like" behavior of Cu,Zn SOD evolution. Expression of C. hamatus Cu,Zn SOD at both the mRNA and protein levels were analyzed in various tissues, highlighting the regulation of gene expression related to environmental stress conditions and also animal physiology. The data presented are the first on the antioxidant enzymes of a fish belonging to the Channichthyidae family and represent an important starting point in understanding the antioxidant systems of these organisms that are subject to constant risk of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Chatzidimitriou
- Institute of Natural Resource Sciences, ZHAW Zurich University of Applied Sciences, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland;
| | - Paola Bisaccia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Francesca Corrà
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Marco Bonato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Paola Irato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
| | - Laura Manuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (S.T.)
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (L.M.); (S.T.)
- CRIBI Biotech Centre, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Rigers Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, 1000 Tiranë, Albania;
| | - Gianfranco Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (P.B.); (F.C.); (M.B.); (P.I.)
- Correspondence:
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Ng CA, Micheli F. Short-term effects of hypoxia are more important than effects of ocean acidification on grazing interactions with juvenile giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Sci Rep 2020; 10:5403. [PMID: 32214142 PMCID: PMC7096494 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62294-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Species interactions are crucial for the persistence of ecosystems. Within vegetated habitats, early life stages of plants and algae must survive factors such as grazing to recover from disturbances. However, grazing impacts on early stages, especially under the context of a rapidly changing climate, are largely unknown. Here we examine interaction strengths between juvenile giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) and four common grazers under hypoxia and ocean acidification using short-term laboratory experiments and field data of grazer abundances to estimate population-level grazing impacts. We found that grazing is a significant source of mortality for juvenile kelp and, using field abundances, estimate grazers can remove on average 15.4% and a maximum of 73.9% of juveniles per m2 per day. Short-term exposure to low oxygen, not acidification, weakened interaction strengths across the four species and decreased estimated population-level impacts of grazing threefold, from 15.4% to 4.0% of juvenile kelp removed, on average, per m2 per day. This study highlights potentially high juvenile kelp mortality from grazing. We also show that the effects of hypoxia are stronger than the effects of acidification in weakening these grazing interactions over short timescales, with possible future consequences for the persistence of giant kelp and energy flow through these highly productive food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Ng
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA.
- Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
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Griffith AW, Gobler CJ. Harmful algal blooms: A climate change co-stressor in marine and freshwater ecosystems. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 91:101590. [PMID: 32057338 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Marine and freshwater ecosystems are warming, acidifying, and deoxygenating as a consequence of climate change. In parallel, the impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) on these ecosystems are intensifying. Many eutrophic habitats that host recurring HABs already experience thermal extremes, low dissolved oxygen, and low pH, making these locations potential sentinel sites for conditions that will become more common in larger-scale systems as climate change accelerates. While studies of the effects of HABs or individual climate change stressors on aquatic organisms have been relatively common, studies assessing their combined impacts have been rare. Those doing so have reported strong species- and strain-specific interactions between HAB species and climate change co-stressors yielding outcomes for aquatic organisms that could not have been predicted based on investigations of these factors individually. This review provides an ecological and physiological framework for considering HABs as a climate change co-stressor and considers the consequences of their combined occurrence for coastal ecosystems. This review also highlights critical gaps in our understanding of HABs as a climate change co-stressor that must be addressed in order to develop management plans that adequately protect fisheries, aquaculture, aquatic ecosystems, and human health. Ultimately, incorporating HAB species into experiments and monitoring programs where the effects of multiple climate change stressors are considered will provide a more ecologically relevant perspective of the structure and function of marine ecosystems in future, climate-altered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Griffith
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, NY, 11968, United States.
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Cline AJ, Hamilton SL, Logan CA. Effects of multiple climate change stressors on gene expression in blue rockfish (Sebastes mystinus). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 239:110580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Baag S, Mahapatra S, Mandal S. Unravelling the effects of elevated temperature on the physiological energetics of Bellamya bengalensis. J Therm Biol 2019; 88:102494. [PMID: 32125982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Temperature is one of the key environmental factors affecting the eco-physiological responses of living organisms and is considered one of the utmost crucial factors in shaping the fundamental niche of a species. The purpose of the present study is to delineate the physiological response and changes in energy allocation strategy of Bellamya bengalensis, a freshwater gastropod in the anticipated summer elevated temperature in the future by measuring the growth, body conditions (change in total weight, change in organ to flesh weight ratio), physiological energetics (ingestion rate, absorption rate, respiration rate, excretion rate and Scope for Growth) and thermal performance, Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (ABT), thermal critical maxima (CTmax), warming tolerance (WT) as well as thermal safety margin (TSM) through a mesocosm experiment. We exposed the animals to three different temperatures, 25 °C (average habitat temperature for this animal) and elevated temperatures 30 °C, 35 °C for 30 days and changes in energy budget were measured twice (on 15th and 30th day). Significant changes were observed in body conditions as well as physiological energetics. The total body weight as well as the organ/flesh weight ratio, ingestion followed by absorption rate decreased whereas, respiration and excretion rate increased with elevated temperature treatments resulting in a negative Scope for Growth in adverse conditions. Though no profound impact was found on ABT/CTmax, the peak of thermal curve was considerably declined for animals that were reared in higher temperature treatments. Our data reflects that thermal stress greatly impact the physiological functioning and growth patterns of B. bengalensis which might jeopardize the freshwater ecosystem functioning in future climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sritama Baag
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Sayantan Mahapatra
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India
| | - Sumit Mandal
- Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1, College Street, Kolkata, 700 073, India.
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Abstract
The vulnerability of early fish stages represents a critical bottleneck for fish recruitment; therefore, it is essential to understand how climate change affects their physiology for more sustainable management of fisheries. Here, we investigated the effects of warming (OW; +4 °C) and acidification (OA; ΔpH = 0.5) on the heart and oxygen consumption rates, metabolic enzymatic machinery—namely citrate synthase (CS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and ß-hydroxyacyl CoA dehydrogenase (HOAD), of seabream (Sparus aurata) larvae (fifteen days after hatch). Oxygen consumption and heart rates showed a significant increase with rising temperature, but decreased with pCO2. Results revealed a significant increase of LDH activity with OW and a significant decrease of the aerobic potential (CS and HOAD activity) of larvae with OA. In contrast, under OA, the activity levels of the enzyme LDH and the LDH:CS ratio indicated an enhancement of anaerobic pathways. Although such a short-term metabolic strategy may eventually sustain the basic costs of maintenance, it might not be adequate under the future chronic ocean conditions. Given that the potential for adaptation to new forthcoming conditions is yet experimentally unaccounted for this species, future research is essential to accurately predict the physiological performance of this commercially important species under future ocean conditions.
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Ferreira CM, Nagelkerken I, Goldenberg SU, Walden G, Leung JYS, Connell SD. Functional loss in herbivores drives runaway expansion of weedy algae in a near-future ocean. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 695:133829. [PMID: 31421342 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The ability of a community to absorb environmental change without undergoing structural modification is a hallmark of ecological resistance. The recognition that species interactions can stabilize community processes has led to the idea that the effects of climate change may be less than what most considerations currently allow. We tested whether herbivory can compensate for the expansion of weedy algae triggered by CO2 enrichment and warming. Using a six-month mesocosm experiment, we show that increasing per capita herbivory by gastropods absorbs the boosted effects of CO2 enrichment on algal production in temperate systems of weak to moderate herbivory. However, under the combined effects of acidification and warming this compensatory effect was eroded by reducing the diversity, density and biomass of herbivores. This loss of functionality combined with boosted primary productivity drove a fourfold expansion of weedy algal species. Our results demonstrate capacity to buffer ecosystems against CO2 enrichment, but loss of this capacity through ocean warming either in isolation or combined with CO2, driving significant algal turf expansion. Identifying compensatory processes and the circumstances under which they prevail could potentially help manage the impacts of ocean warming and acidification, which are further amplified by local disturbances such as habitat loss and herbivore over-exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo M Ferreira
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Ivan Nagelkerken
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia.
| | - Silvan U Goldenberg
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Georgia Walden
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Jonathan Y S Leung
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Sean D Connell
- Southern Seas Ecology Laboratories, School of Biological Sciences and The Environment Institute, DX 650 418, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Cross EL, Murray CS, Baumann H. Diel and tidal pCO 2 × O 2 fluctuations provide physiological refuge to early life stages of a coastal forage fish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18146. [PMID: 31796762 PMCID: PMC6890771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems experience substantial natural fluctuations in pCO2 and dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions on diel, tidal, seasonal and interannual timescales. Rising carbon dioxide emissions and anthropogenic nutrient input are expected to increase these pCO2 and DO cycles in severity and duration of acidification and hypoxia. How coastal marine organisms respond to natural pCO2 × DO variability and future climate change remains largely unknown. Here, we assess the impact of static and cycling pCO2 × DO conditions of various magnitudes and frequencies on early life survival and growth of an important coastal forage fish, Menidia menidia. Static low DO conditions severely decreased embryo survival, larval survival, time to 50% hatch, size at hatch and post-larval growth rates. Static elevated pCO2 did not affect most response traits, however, a synergistic negative effect did occur on embryo survival under hypoxic conditions (3.0 mg L−1). Cycling pCO2 × DO, however, reduced these negative effects of static conditions on all response traits with the magnitude of fluctuations influencing the extent of this reduction. This indicates that fluctuations in pCO2 and DO may benefit coastal organisms by providing periodic physiological refuge from stressful conditions, which could promote species adaptability to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Cross
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA.
| | - Christopher S Murray
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
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Ravaglioli C, Bulleri F, Rühl S, McCoy SJ, Findlay HS, Widdicombe S, Queirós AM. Ocean acidification and hypoxia alter organic carbon fluxes in marine soft sediments. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2019; 25:4165-4178. [PMID: 31535452 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic stressors can alter the structure and functioning of infaunal communities, which are key drivers of the carbon cycle in marine soft sediments. Nonetheless, the compounded effects of anthropogenic stressors on carbon fluxes in soft benthic systems remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the cumulative effects of ocean acidification (OA) and hypoxia on the organic carbon fate in marine sediments, through a mesocosm experiment. Isotopically labelled macroalgal detritus (13 C) was used as a tracer to assess carbon incorporation in faunal tissue and in sediments under different experimental conditions. In addition, labelled macroalgae (13 C), previously exposed to elevated CO2 , were also used to assess the organic carbon uptake by fauna and sediments, when both sources and consumers were exposed to elevated CO2 . At elevated CO2 , infauna increased the uptake of carbon, likely as compensatory response to the higher energetic costs faced under adverse environmental conditions. By contrast, there was no increase in carbon uptake by fauna exposed to both stressors in combination, indicating that even a short-term hypoxic event may weaken the ability of marine invertebrates to withstand elevated CO2 conditions. In addition, both hypoxia and elevated CO2 increased organic carbon burial in the sediment, potentially affecting sediment biogeochemical processes. Since hypoxia and OA are predicted to increase in the face of climate change, our results suggest that local reduction of hypoxic events may mitigate the impacts of global climate change on marine soft-sediment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Bulleri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, CoNISMa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Saskia Rühl
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
- Southampton University, Southampton, UK
| | - Sophie J McCoy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Alessi C, Giomi F, Furnari F, Sarà G, Chemello R, Milazzo M. Ocean acidification and elevated temperature negatively affect recruitment, oxygen consumption and calcification of the reef-building Dendropoma cristatum early life stages: Evidence from a manipulative field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 693:133476. [PMID: 31377362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Expected temperature rise and seawater pH decrease may affect marine organism fitness. By a transplant experiment involving air-temperature manipulation along a natural CO2 gradient, we investigated the effects of high pCO2 (~1100 μatm) and elevated temperature (up to +2 °C than ambient conditions) on the reproductive success, recruitment, growth, shell chemical composition and oxygen consumption of the early life stages of the intertidal reef-building vermetid Dendropoma cristatum. Reproductive success was predominantly affected by temperature increase, with encapsulated embryos exhibiting higher survival in control than elevated temperature conditions, which were in turn unaffected by altered seawater pH levels. Decreasing pH (alone or in combination with temperature) significantly affected the shell growth and shell chemical composition of both embryos and recruits. Elevated temperatures along with lower pH led to decreases of ~30% oxygen consumption and ~60% recruitment. Our results suggest that the early life stages of the reef-builder D. cristatum are highly sensitive to expected environmental change, with major consequences on the intertidal vermetid reefs they build and indirectly on the high biodiversity levels they support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Alessi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Folco Giomi
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Furnari
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sarà
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy
| | - Renato Chemello
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Milazzo
- Department of Earth and Marine Sciences (DiSTeM), University of Palermo, via Archirafi 20-22, 90123 Palermo, Italy; Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Rome, Italy
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Murray CS, Wiley D, Baumann H. High sensitivity of a keystone forage fish to elevated CO 2 and temperature. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 7:coz084. [PMID: 31777661 PMCID: PMC6868386 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coz084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sand lances of the genus Ammodytes are keystone forage fish in coastal ecosystems across the northern hemisphere. Because they directly support populations of higher trophic organisms such as whales, seabirds or tuna, the current lack of empirical data and, therefore, understanding about the climate sensitivity of sand lances represent a serious knowledge gap. Sand lances could be particularly susceptible to ocean warming and acidification because, in contrast to other tested fish species, they reproduce during boreal winter months, and their offspring develop slowly under relatively low and stable pCO2 conditions. Over the course of 2 years, we conducted factorial pCO2 × temperature exposure experiments on offspring of the northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius, a key forage species on the northwest Atlantic shelf. Wild, spawning-ripe adults were collected from Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (Cape Cod, USA), and fertilized embryos were reared at three pCO2 conditions (400, 1000 and 2100 μatm) crossed with three temperatures (5, 7 and 10 ˚C). Exposure to future pCO2 conditions consistently resulted in severely reduced embryo survival. Sensitivity to elevated pCO2 was highest at 10 ˚C, resulting in up to an 89% reduction in hatching success between control and predicted end-of-century pCO2 conditions. Moreover, elevated pCO2 conditions delayed hatching, reduced remaining endogenous energy reserves at hatch and reduced embryonic growth. Our results suggest that the northern sand lance is exceptionally CO2-sensitive compared to other fish species. Whether other sand lance species with similar life history characteristics are equally CO2-sensitive is currently unknown. But the possibility is a conservation concern, because many boreal shelf ecosystems rely on sand lances and might therefore be more vulnerable to climate change than currently recognized. Our findings indicate that life history, spawning habitat, phenology and developmental rates mediate the divergent early life CO2 sensitivities among fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Murray
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Avery Point, CT 06340, USA
| | - David Wiley
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary, NOAA, 175 Edward Foster Road, Scituate, MA 02066, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of Connecticut, 1080 Shennecossett Road, Avery Point, CT 06340, USA
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Tolomeo AM, Carraro A, Bakiu R, Toppo S, Garofalo F, Pellegrino D, Gerdol M, Ferro D, Place SP, Santovito G. Molecular characterization of novel mitochondrial peroxiredoxins from the Antarctic emerald rockcod and their gene expression in response to environmental warming. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 225:108580. [PMID: 31374295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study we describe the molecular characterization of the two paralogous mitochondrial peroxiredoxins from Trematomus bernacchii, a teleost that plays a pivotal role in the Antarctic food chain. The two putative amino acid sequences were compared with orthologs from other fish, highlighting a high percentage of identity and similarity with the respective variant, in particular for the residues that are essential for the characteristic peroxidase activity of these enzymes. The temporal expression of Prdx3 and Prdx5 mRNAs in response to short-term thermal stress showed a general upregulation of prdx3, suggesting that this isoform is the most affected by temperature increase. These data, together with the peculiar differences between the molecular structures of the two mitochondrial Prdxs in T. bernacchii as well as in the tropical species Stegastes partitus, suggest an adaptation that allowed these poikilothermic aquatic vertebrates to colonize very different environments, characterized by different temperature ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tolomeo
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - A Carraro
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - R Bakiu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Agricultural University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | - S Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - F Garofalo
- Departmentof of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - D Pellegrino
- Departmentof of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (B.E.S.T.), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Italy
| | - M Gerdol
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - D Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S P Place
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA, USA
| | - G Santovito
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Boco SR, Pitt KA, Melvin SD. Extreme, but not moderate climate scenarios, impart sublethal effects on polyps of the Irukandji jellyfish, Carukia barnesi. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:471-479. [PMID: 31176232 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ocean acidification and warming, fueled by excess atmospheric carbon dioxide, can impose stress on marine organisms. Most studies testing the effects of climate change on marine organisms, however, use extreme climate projection scenarios, despite moderate projections scenarios being most likely to occur. Here, we examined the interactive effects of warming and acidification on reproduction, respiration, mobility and metabolic composition of polyps of the Irukandji jellyfish, Carukia barnesi, to determine the responses of a cubozoan jellyfish to moderate and extreme climate scenarios in Queensland, Australia. The experiment consisted two orthogonal factors: temperature (current 25 °C and future 28 °C) and pH (current (8.0) moderate (7.9) and extreme (7.7)). All polyps survived in the experiment but fewer polyps were produced in the pH 7.7 treatment compared to pH 7.9 and pH 8.0. Respiration rates were elevated in the lowest pH treatment throughout most of the experiment and polyps were approximately half as mobile in this treatment compared to pH 7.9 and pH 8.0, regardless of temperature. We identified metabolites occurring at significantly lower relative abundance in the lowest pH (i.e. glutamate, acetate, betaine, methylguanidine, lysine, sarcosine, glycine) and elevated temperature (i.e. proline, trigonelline, creatinine, mannose, acetate, betaine, methylguanidine, lysine, sarcosine) treatments. Glycine was the only metabolite exhibiting an interactive effect between pH and temperature. Our results suggest that C. barnesi polyps are unaffected by the most optimistic climate scenario and may tolerate even extreme climate conditions to some extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Rey Boco
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia.
| | - Kylie A Pitt
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
| | - Steven D Melvin
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4215, Australia
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Chuard PJC, Johnson MD, Guichard F. Ocean acidification causes mortality in the medusa stage of the cubozoan Carybdea xaymacana. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5622. [PMID: 30948764 PMCID: PMC6449339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean pH is decreasing due to anthropogenic activities, and the consequences of this acidification on marine fauna and ecosystems are the subject of an increasing number of studies. Yet, the impact of ocean acidification (OA) on several abundant and ecologically important taxa, such as medusozoans, is poorly documented. To date there have been no studies on the effect of post-2050 OA projections on the medusa stage of jellyfish. As medusae represent the reproductive stage of cnidarians, negative impacts on adult jellyfish could severely impact the long-term survival of this group. Using a laboratory experiment, we investigated the effect of 2300 OA projections (i.e. pH of 7.5) on the mortality rate of the medusa-stage of the cubozoan species Carybdea xaymacana, compared to ambient seawater pH conditions (i.e. pH of 8.1). After a 12-h exposure to OA, C. xaymacana medusae suffered higher mortality rates compared to ambient conditions. This study represents the first evidence of the potential lethal effects of post-2050 OA projections on jellyfish. The higher metabolic rates of cubozoans compared to other cnidarians might make box jellyfish more vulnerable to OA. A decrease in the density of cnidarians could lead to harmful ecological events, such as algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre J C Chuard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, J1M 1Z7, Canada.
| | | | - Frédéric Guichard
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
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45
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Snyder JT, Whitney MM, Dam HG, Jacobs MW, Baumann H. Citizen science observations reveal rapid, multi-decadal ecosystem changes in eastern Long Island Sound. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 146:80-88. [PMID: 30926196 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Long-term environmental records are among the most valuable assets for understanding the trajectory and consequences of climate change. Here we report on a newly recovered time-series from Project Oceanology, a non-profit ocean science organization serving New England schools (USA) since 1972. As part of its educational mission, Project Oceanology has routinely and consistently recorded water temperature, pH, and oxygen as well as invertebrate and fish abundance in nearshore waters of the Thames River estuary in eastern Long Island Sound (LIS). We digitized these long-term records to test for decadal trends in abiotic and biotic variables including shifts in species abundance, richness, and diversity. Consistent with previous studies, the data revealed an above-average warming rate of eastern LIS waters over the past four decades (+0.45 °C decade-1), a non-linear acidification trend twice the global average (-0.04 pH units decade-1), and a notable decline in whole water-column dissolved oxygen concentrations (-0.29 mg L-1 decade-1). Trawl catches between 1997 and 2016 suggested a significant decrease in overall species diversity and richness, declines in cold-water adapted species such as American lobster (Homarus americanus), rock crab (Cancer irroratus), and winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus), but concurrent increases in the warm-water decapod Libinia emarginata (spider crab). Our study confirmed that Long Island Sound is a rapidly changing urban estuary, while demonstrating the value of long-term observations made by citizen-scientists, educators, and other stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T Snyder
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Michael M Whitney
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hans G Dam
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Molly W Jacobs
- Project Oceanology, 1084 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA
| | - Hannes Baumann
- University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, 1080 Shennecossett Road, 06340, Groton, CT, USA.
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Sokolova I. Mitochondrial Adaptations to Variable Environments and Their Role in Animals' Stress Tolerance. Integr Comp Biol 2019; 58:519-531. [PMID: 29701785 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icy017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the key organelles involved in energy and redox homeostasis, cellular signaling, and survival. Animal mitochondria are exquisitely sensitive to environmental stress, and stress-induced changes in the mitochondrial integrity and function have major consequences for the organismal performance and fitness. Studies in the model organisms such as terrestrial mammals and insects showed that mitochondrial dysfunction is a major cause of injury during pathological conditions and environmental insults such as hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion, and exposure to toxins. However, animals from highly stressful environments (such as the intertidal zone of the ocean) can maintain mitochondrial integrity and function despite intense and rapid fluctuations in abiotic conditions and associated changes in the intracellular milieu. Recent studies demonstrate that mitochondria of intertidal organisms (including mollusks, crustaceans, and fish) are capable of maintaining activity of mitochondrial electron transport system (ETS), ATP synthesis, and mitochondrial coupling in a broad range of temperature, osmolarity, and ion content. Mitochondria of intertidal organisms such as mollusks are also resistant to hypoxia-reoxygenation injury and show stability or even upregulation of the mitochondrial ETS activity and ATP synthesis capacity during intermittent hypoxia. In contrast, pH optima for mitochondrial ATP synthesis and respiration are relatively narrow in intertidal mollusks and may reflect adaptation to suppress metabolic rate during pH shifts caused by extreme stress. Sensitivity to anthropogenic pollutants (such as trace metals) in intertidal mollusks appears similar to that of other organisms (including mammals) and may reflect the lack of adaptation to these evolutionarily novel stressors. The mechanisms of the exceptional mitochondrial resilience to temperature, salinity, and hypoxic stress are not yet fully understood in intertidal organisms, yet recent studies demonstrate that they may involve rapid modulation of the ETS capacity (possibly due to post-translation modification of mitochondrial proteins), upregulation of antioxidant defenses in anticipation of oxidative stress, and high activity of mitochondrial proteases involved in degradation of damaged mitochondrial proteins. With rapidly developing molecular tools for non-model organisms, future studies of mitochondrial adaptations should pinpoint the molecular sites associated with the passive tolerance and/or active regulation of mitochondrial activity during stress exposures in intertidal organisms, investigate the roles of mitochondria in transduction of stress signals, and explore the interplay between bioenergetics and mitochondrial signaling in facilitating survival in these highly stressful environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, A.-Einstein Str., 3, Rostock 18055, Germany.,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Kong H, Jiang X, Clements JC, Wang T, Huang X, Shang Y, Chen J, Hu M, Wang Y. Transgenerational effects of short-term exposure to acidification and hypoxia on early developmental traits of the mussel Mytilus edulis. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 145:73-80. [PMID: 30833041 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transgenerational effects of multiple stressors on marine organisms are emerging environmental themes. We thus experimentally tested for transgenerational effects of seawater acidification and hypoxia on the early development traits of the mussel Mytilus edulis. Fertilization rate, embryo deformity rate, and larval shell length were negatively impacted by acidification, while hypoxia had little effect except for increasing deformity rates under control pH conditions. Offspring from low pH/O2 parents were less negatively affected by low pH/O2 conditions than offspring from control parents; however, low pH/O2 conditions still negatively affected developmental traits in offspring from acclimated parents compared to control seawater conditions. Our results demonstrate that experimental seawater acidification and hypoxia can adversely affect early developmental traits of M. edulis and that parental exposure can only partially alleviate these impacts. If experimental observations hold true in nature, it is unlikely that parental exposure will confer larval tolerance to ocean acidification for M. edulis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaoyu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jeff C Clements
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, Høgskoleringen 5, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xizhi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yueyong Shang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China
| | - Menghong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Youji Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, 999 Huchenghuan Road, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China.
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In-situ behavioural and physiological responses of Antarctic microphytobenthos to ocean acidification. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1890. [PMID: 30760730 PMCID: PMC6374400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36233-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is predicted to alter benthic marine community structure and function, however, there is a paucity of field experiments in benthic soft sediment communities and ecosystems. Benthic diatoms are important components of Antarctic coastal ecosystems, however very little is known of how they will respond to ocean acidification. Ocean acidification conditions were maintained by incremental computer controlled addition of high fCO2 seawater representing OA conditions predicted for the year 2100. Respiration chambers and PAM fluorescence techniques were used to investigate acute behavioural, photosynthetic and net production responses of benthic microalgae communities to OA in in-situ field experiments. We demonstrate how OA can modify behavioural ecology, which changes photo-physiology and net production of benthic microalgae. Ocean acidification treatments significantly altered behavioural ecology, which in turn altered photo-physiology. The ecological trends presented here have the potential to manifest into significant ecological change over longer time periods.
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Andrade M, De Marchi L, Soares AMVM, Rocha RJM, Figueira E, Freitas R. Are the effects induced by increased temperature enhanced in Mytilus galloprovincialis submitted to air exposure? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 647:431-440. [PMID: 30086495 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Intertidal mussel species are frequently exposed to changes of environmental parameters related to tidal regimes that include a multitude of stressors that they must avoid or tolerate by developing adaptive strategies. In particular, besides air exposure during low tides, intertidal mussels are also subjected to warming and, consequently, to higher risk of desiccation. However, scarce information is available regarding the responses of mussels to tidal regimes, particularly in the presence of other stressors such as increased temperature. Investigating the impacts of such combination of conditions will allow to understand the possible impacts that both factors interaction may generate to these intertidal organisms. To this end, the present study evaluated the impacts of different temperatures (18 °C and 21 °C) on Mytilus galloprovincialis when continuously submersed or exposed to a tidal regime for 14 days. Results showed that in mussels exposed to increased temperature under submersion conditions, the stress induced was enough to activate mussels' antioxidant defenses (namely glutathione peroxidase, GPx), preventing oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation, LPO; protein carbonylation, PC). In mussels exposed to tides at control temperature, metabolic capacity increased (electron transport system activity, ETS), and GPx was induced, despite resulting in increased LPO levels. Moreover, the combination of tides and temperature increase led to a significant decrease of lipid (LIP) content, activation of antioxidant defenses (superoxide dismutase, SOD; GPx) and increase of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), despite these mechanisms were not sufficient to prevent increased cellular damage. Therefore, the combination of increased temperature and air exposure induced higher oxidative stress in mussels. These findings indicate that increasing global warming could be more impacting to intertidal organisms compared to organisms continuously submersed. Furthermore, our results indicate that air exposure can act as a confounding factor when assessing the impacts of different stressors in organisms living in coastal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalena Andrade
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Lucia De Marchi
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Amadeu M V M Soares
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui J M Rocha
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rosa Freitas
- Department of Biology & Center for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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