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Ashaat EA, Esmaiel NN, El-Saiedi SA, Ashaat NA, Hussen DF, Ramadan A, Al Kersh MA, AbdelHakim NS, Said I, Metwally AM, Fayez A. Biallelic TYR and TKFC variants in Egyptian patients with OCA1 and new expanded TKFC features. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:844. [PMID: 39251934 PMCID: PMC11382379 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10705-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculocutaneous albinism type1 (OCA1) is caused by the TYR gene's homozygous and compound heterozygous variants. TKFC gene variants cause triokinase & FMN cyclase deficiency syndrome with variable multisystemic disorders. OBJECTIVES To determine the potential disease-causing variants in two deceased patients presenting atypical OCA1 features by demonstrating three generations for a single family. The two deceased neonates had severe skeletal abnormalities and fatal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We also explored the potential mechanisms for the causative relationship between TKFC and multisystem disorders. PATIENTS AND METHODS Due to the new emerging symptoms that weren't reported before with the TYR gene, the following methods were performed: Sanger sequencing for the TYR gene, followed by whole exome sequencing, co-segregation, and computational analyses. RESULTS Extensive parental consanguinity was found, and consequently an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance was prioritized. Upon performing sequencing and segregation data, the following has been confirmed: positive co-segregation of nonsense homozygous NM_000372.5:c.346C > T p.(Arg116*) variant in TYR gene and multisystem disease-missense homozygous NM_015533.4:c.598G > A p.(Val200Ile) variant in TKFC gene in the two affected index patients who deceased due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Using computational analysis, we found that c.598G > A p.(Val200Ile) pathogenicity has led to the failure of L2-K1 active site closure due to the potential differential fluctuation between valine and isoleucine residues. Subsequently, disruption of endogenous DHA phosphorylation was found. Two potential mechanisms exploring the causative relationship between TKFC gene and multisystem disorders have been suggested. CONCLUSIONS This study presented a first family with the co-existence of biallelic variants in TYR and TKFC genes associating severe skeletal abnormalities and lethal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Neither of these genes would have been pursued in the standard genetic counseling. Such discovery is paving the way for more efficient genetic counseling. Comparing TKFC results with literature data showed that our relevant expanded TKFC variant is the 3rd worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Engy A Ashaat
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nora N Esmaiel
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Dalia Farouk Hussen
- Human Cytogenetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Ramadan
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | | | - Ibrahim Said
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ammal M Metwally
- Community Medicine Research Department/Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 60014618), Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alaaeldin Fayez
- Molecular Genetics and Enzymology Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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Elmugadam FM, Ahmed H, KARAMELGHANI MOHAMMED, Ali A, Ali I, Ahmed A, Salman M, Mohamed W, Ahmed EA, Abbasher Hussien Mohamed Ahmed K, Mustafa Ahmed GE, Elsayed L, Musa A. Awareness of consanguineous marriage burden and willingness towards premarital genetic testing in Sudan: a national cross-sectional study. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3959-3971. [PMID: 38989216 PMCID: PMC11230780 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the widespread practice of consanguinity in Sudan, there is a lack of exploration into the community's awareness of its health implications on offspring and their overall attitude towards consanguineous unions. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the community's awareness of the possible health adversities of consanguinity on children and assess the effect of knowledge level on the prevailing attitude towards this practice in Sudan. Methods From August to December 2018, data were collected from adults aged 18 years and above in five provinces of Sudan regardless of their marital status. The analysis involved both descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques. Results This study revealed a consanguinity rate of 30.2%. Despite a high awareness level (73.7%) regarding the effects of consanguineous marriage on the health of the offspring, a moderately negative attitude towards this practice (63.9%) was observed. Conclusion The discordance between the high consanguinity rate in the Sudanese population and the moderately negative attitude suggests a potential persistence of this practice in the future. Without the implementation of educational programs and the provision of genetic counselling services to consanguineous couples, the prevalence of consanguinity is likely to endure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Liena Elsayed
- Department of Basic Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Musa
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Puttur N, Kapoor A, Lakhey K, Reddy A, Malik N, Deokar S. Investigating the Prevalence, Gender Predilection, and Inheritance Patterns of Genodermatoses: A Tertiary Hospital Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e62455. [PMID: 39022466 PMCID: PMC11251906 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Genodermatoses encompass a spectrum of hereditary skin disorders stemming from mutations in genes pivotal for skin development, structure, and function. This study investigated the prevalence, gender predilection, and inheritance patterns of genodermatoses in a tertiary-level hospital through a one-year observational study. Among 157,051 dermatology outpatient department patients, 105 cases of genodermatoses were diagnosed, yielding a prevalence rate of 0.067%. Hamartoneoplastic syndromes and inherited disorders of cornification were the most prevalent subgroups, with neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex 1 leading within these categories. The average age at presentation varied among different subgroups. A 2:1 male-to-female ratio was observed across all subgroups. Autosomal dominant inheritance was predominant. A positive family history in 46 cases and consanguinity among parents in 28 instances was reported. Genodermatoses pose diagnostic challenges due to their clinical complexity and rarity, which is compounded by limited epidemiological data. Molecular diagnosis advancements offer insights into genotype-phenotype correlations and facilitate genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis (PND). Raising awareness among healthcare professionals and the public is critical for improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namratha Puttur
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Asmita Kapoor
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Kshitiz Lakhey
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Aravind Reddy
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Nishtha Malik
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
| | - Shubham Deokar
- Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND
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Kundu S, Jana A. Consanguineous marriage and associated diseases among their children and grandchildren in India: evidence from large-scale data. J Biosoc Sci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38800853 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932024000178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Worldwide, more than 130 million infants are born each year and a considerable number of 13.5 million of these children have inbred parents. The present study aimed to investigate the association between parents' consanguinity and chronic illness among their children and grandchildren in India. The nationally representative data, Longitudinal Aging Study in India, 2017-2018, Wave 1 was used for the present study. Bivariate analysis, a probit model, and propensity score estimation were employed to conduct the study. The study observed the highest prevalence of consanguinity marriage in the state of Andhra Pradesh (28%) and the lowest in Kerala (5%) among the south Indian States. People who lived in rural areas, belonged to the richer wealth quintile and Hindu religion were the significant predictors of consanguinity marriage in India. For individuals who were in consanguineous marriages, there was 0.85%, 0.84%, 1.57% 0.43%, 0.34%, and 0.14% chances of their children and grandchildren developing psychotic disorders, heart disease, hypertension stroke, cancer, and diabetes, respectively. Moreover, around 4.55% of the individuals have a history of birth defects or congenital disorders. To address the risk of complicated illnesses due to the consanguinity of marriage, medical, genetic, and social counselling services are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Kundu
- Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi, India
| | - Arup Jana
- Department of Population & Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
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Siddiqui MO, Tariq R, Kumar R, Mansoor S. Need of the hour? Genetic and genomic testing referrals from primary healthcare centers with inclusion of precision medicine in Pakistan. Ann Hum Genet 2024. [PMID: 38622953 DOI: 10.1111/ahg.12561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabeet Tariq
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Raman Kumar
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Saira Mansoor
- Liaquat National Hospital and Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan
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Duale HA, Gele A. Exploring knowledge of autism, its causes and treatment among immigrant and nonimmigrant parents in Somalia\Somaliland. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:22. [PMID: 38326911 PMCID: PMC10851585 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased over the recent years; however, little is known about the experience of parents of children with autism in Africa such as Somalia. The aim of this study is to understand the knowledge on autism of Somali parents of children with autism and their perceptions of causes and treatment of ASD. METHODS We conducted a qualitative study involving 22 parents of children with autism who lived in Mogadishu and Hargeisa; the two largest cities in Somalia. In-depth interviews were used to collect the data. Of the 22 participants, 9 were returned immigrants and 13 were local people (non-immigrants). Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The data revealed that most of the parents hold the belief that their children's autism were caused by the measles vaccine. The findings demonstrated that parents sought diagnosis and treatment care from outside Somalia due to the lack of experience of health providers in the diagnosis and treatment of autism. The data also revealed a lack of knowledge about autism among the public with resultant stigma and discrimination against children with autism and their families. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to increase public knowledge on autism, its causes and treatments are of paramount importance, while a public health campaign designed to eliminate the stigma subjected to children with autism is necessary to improve the quality of life of children with autism and their caregivers. Finally, to counteract vaccine hesitancy, particularly in response to the measles vaccine, health policy makers should take steps to separate the cooccurrence of the onset of autism symptoms and the provision of the measles vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hodan A Duale
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Somali Institute for Health Research (SIHR), Hargeisa, Somaliland.
| | - Abdi Gele
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Somali Institute for Health Research (SIHR), Hargeisa, Somaliland.
- Department of Health Service Research, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Skøyen, 222, 0213, Oslo, Norway.
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Khayat AM, Alshareef BG, Alharbi SF, AlZahrani MM, Alshangity BA, Tashkandi NF. Consanguineous Marriage and Its Association With Genetic Disorders in Saudi Arabia: A Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e53888. [PMID: 38465157 PMCID: PMC10924896 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Consanguineous marriages, where spouses are related by blood, have been a longstanding practice in human history. The primary medical concern with consanguineous marriages is the increased risk of genetic disorders. When closely related individuals reproduce, there is a higher probability that both parents carry the same genetic mutation. In Arab countries, especially Saudi Arabia, the rate of consanguineous marriage is high compared with Western European and Asian countries. This high rate is directly proportionate with elevated risk of genetic disorders, including congenital heart diseases, renal diseases, and rare blood disorders. Additionally, it was noted that the rate of negative postnatal outcomes is higher in consanguineous marriages compared with the general population. These observations indicate the necessity of tackling this area and highlighting the consequences of this practice. In this review, we aim to discuss the current evidence regarding the association between consanguineous marriages and genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara F Alharbi
- Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, SAU
| | | | | | - Noha Farouk Tashkandi
- Medical Research, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
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Kakatikar R, Bawaskar PA, Gajbe U, More A, Nair N. Mechanical Hatching as a Therapeutic Intervention for Improving Implantation Rate in a 32-Year-Old Female With Recurrent Implantation Failures: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e53709. [PMID: 38455805 PMCID: PMC10918299 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
This case report explores the application of mechanical hatching as a successful intervention in the treatment of primary infertility for a couple with a consanguineous marriage history and recurrent implantation failure. A 32-year-old female patient and her 37-year-old spouse, after six years of unsuccessful attempts to conceive, underwent multiple intrauterine insemination (IUI) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET) cycles without success. Normal parameters were observed in semen analysis and hormone tests for the male and female partners, respectively. Despite a series of failed assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures, the implementation of mechanical hatching using partial zona dissection (PZD) pipettes led to a positive pregnancy outcome. The case underscores the potential efficacy of individualized approaches, specifically mechanical hatching, in addressing challenges associated with implantation failure, offering hope to couples facing infertility issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Kakatikar
- Clinical Embryology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Pranita A Bawaskar
- Clinical Embryology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Ujwal Gajbe
- Anatomy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Akash More
- Anatomy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
| | - Nancy Nair
- Clinical Embryology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research (DMIHER), Wardha, IND
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Leal-Anaya P, Kimball TN, Yanez-Felix AL, Fiesco-Roa MÓ, García-de Teresa B, Monsiváis A, Juárez-Velázquez R, Lieberman E, Villarroel C, Yokoyama E, Fernández-Hernández L, Rivera-Osorio A, Sosa D, Ortiz Sandoval MM, López-Santiago N, Frías S, del Castillo V, Rodríguez A. Inherited bone marrow failure syndromes: phenotype as a tool for early diagnostic suspicion at a major reference center in Mexico. Front Genet 2024; 14:1293929. [PMID: 38327701 PMCID: PMC10848162 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1293929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The inherited bone marrow failure syndromes (IBMFSs) are a group of rare disorders characterized by bone marrow failure (BMF), physical abnormalities, and an increased risk of neoplasia. The National Institute of Pediatrics (INP) is a major medical institution in Mexico, where patients with BMF receive a complete approach that includes paraclinical tests. Readily recognizable features, such as the hematological and distinctive physical phenotypes, identified by clinical dysmorphologists, remain crucial for the diagnosis and management of these patients, particularly in circumstances where next-generation sequencing (NGS) is not easily available. Here, we describe a group of Mexican patients with a high clinical suspicion of an IBMFS. Methods: We performed a systematic retrospective analysis of the medical records of patients who had a high IBMFS suspicion at our institution from January 2018 to July 2021. An initial assessment included first ruling out acquired causes of BMF by the Hematology Department and referral of the patient to the Department of Human Genetics for physical examination to search for specific phenotypes suggesting an IBMFS. Patients with high suspicion of having an IBMFS were classified into two main groups: 1) specific IBMFS, including dyskeratosis congenita (DC), Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS), thrombocytopenia with absent radii (TAR), and severe congenital neutropenia (SCN); 2) undefined IBMFS (UI). Results: We established a high suspicion of having an IBMFS in 48 patients. At initial evaluation, the most common hematologic features were bicytopenia (20%) and aplastic anemia (16%); three patients received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Among patients with a suspicion of an IBMFS, the most common physical abnormality was minor craniofacial features in 83% of patients and neurodevelopmental disorders in 52%. The specific suspicions that we built were DBA (31%), SDS (18%), DC (14%), TAR (4%), and SCN (4%), whereas 27% of cases remained as undefined IBMFS. SDS, TAR, and SCN were more commonly suspected at an earlier age (<1 year), followed by DBA (2 years) and DC (5 years). Conclusions: Thorough examination of reported clinical data allowed us to highly suspect a specific IBMFS in approximately 70% of patients; however, an important number of patients remained with suspicion of an undefined IBMFS. Implementation of NGS and telomere length measurement are forthcoming measures to improve IBMFS diagnosis in Mexico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Leal-Anaya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Falla Medular y Carcinogénesis, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
| | - Tamara N. Kimball
- Laboratorio de Falla Medular y Carcinogénesis, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Ana Lucia Yanez-Felix
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Moisés Ó. Fiesco-Roa
- Programa de Maestría y Doctorado en Ciencias Médicas, Odontológicas y de la Salud, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Benilde García-de Teresa
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Angélica Monsiváis
- Departamento de Hematología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Esther Lieberman
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Camilo Villarroel
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Emiy Yokoyama
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | | | - Anet Rivera-Osorio
- Laboratorio de Análisis Genéticos Especializados México (LAGEM), México City, Mexico
| | - David Sosa
- Laboratorio de Análisis Genéticos Especializados México (LAGEM), México City, Mexico
| | | | - Norma López-Santiago
- Departamento de Hematología, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Sara Frías
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Citogenética, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Victoria del Castillo
- Departamento de Genética Humana, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Rodríguez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Falla Medular y Carcinogénesis, Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, México City, Mexico
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Moussouni A, Sidi Yakhlef A, Hamdaoui H, Litim Z. Prevalence and socio-economic determinants of consanguineous marriages in Algeria according to Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2019 data (MICS6). BIODEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIAL BIOLOGY 2024; 69:30-42. [PMID: 38261529 DOI: 10.1080/19485565.2024.2306359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Consanguineous marriage is still a customary social phenomenon in Arab-Muslim communities. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of consanguineous marriages in the Algerian population and to identify the socio-economic determinants associated with the practice of this form of union. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study included data for 21141 ever-married women aged 15-49 years, from the MICS6 Algeria (Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey database), conducted in 2019. Using a logistic regression model, we assessed the influence of socio-economic and geographical determinants on the practice of consanguineous marriages. The prevalence of consanguinity was 23.0% (95% CI: 22.4-23.6). According to multivariable binary logistic regression analysis, low level of education, early age at marriage (15-19; 20-30 years), rural area of residence, all geographical regions except the north-western territorial programming space, economic activity, and the lowest wealth index were the main determinants that assist in the prevalence of high rates of consanguineous marriages in Algeria. Considering these explanatory variables could help national health policy decision-makers to create and implement national preventive action plans that are intended alter behaviors attitudes toward preference of consanguineous marriages and, thus, reduce the burden of genetic disorders or congenital abnormalities associated with consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Moussouni
- National Center for Prehistoric, Anthropological and Historical Research (CNRPAH_Tlemcen's station), Algiers, Algeria
- Laboratory of Anthropology, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Adel Sidi Yakhlef
- Laboratory of Human Actions' Valorisation for Protection of Environment and Application in Public Health, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Houari Hamdaoui
- Laboratory of Human Actions' Valorisation for Protection of Environment and Application in Public Health, University of Tlemcen, Tlemcen, Algeria
- University of Ghardaia, Ghardaia, Algeria
| | - Zakia Litim
- National Center for Prehistoric, Anthropological and Historical Research (CNRPAH_Tlemcen's station), Algiers, Algeria
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Mir YR, Agrahari AK, Hassan A, Choudhary A, Asthana S, Taneja AK, Nawaz S, Ilyas M, Scotti C, Kuchay RAH. Identification and structural characterization of a pathogenic ARSA missense variant in two consanguineous families from Jammu and Kashmir (India) with late infantile metachromatic leukodystrophy. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 51:30. [PMID: 38153581 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09072-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of Arylsulfatase A (ARSA) enzyme activity. Its clinical manifestations include progressive motor and cognitive decline. ARSA gene mutations are frequent in MLD. METHODS AND RESULTS In the present study, whole exome sequencing (WES) was employed to decipher the genetic cause of motor and cognitive decline in proband's of two consanguineous families from J&K (India). Clinical investigations using radiological and biochemical analysis revealed MLD-like features. WES confirmed a pathogenic variant in the ARSA gene. Molecular simulation dynamics was applied for structural characterization of the variant. CONCLUSION We report the identification of a pathogenic missense variant (c.1174 C > T; p.Arg390Trp) in the ARSA gene in two cases of late infantile MLD from consanguineous families in Jammu and Kashmir, India. Our study utilized genetic analysis and molecular dynamics simulations to identify and investigate the structural consequences of this mutation. The molecular dynamics simulations revealed significant alterations in the structural dynamics, residue interactions, and stability of the ARSA protein harbouring the p.Arg390Trp mutation. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of this variant in MLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Rafiq Mir
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J&K, 185234, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrahari
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Asima Hassan
- Department of Ophthalmology GMC Srinagar, Srinagar, J&K, India
| | | | - Shailendra Asthana
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Atul Kumar Taneja
- Department of Radiology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Pediatrics, GMC Jammu, Jammu, J&K, India
| | | | - Claudia Scotti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Immunology and General Pathology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Raja A H Kuchay
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Rajouri, J&K, 185234, India.
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Ghanim M, Mosleh R, Hamdan A, Amer J, Alqub M, Jarrar Y, Dwikat M. Assessment of Perceptions and Predictors Towards Consanguinity: A Cross-Sectional Study from Palestine. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:3443-3453. [PMID: 38024133 PMCID: PMC10656848 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s433506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim Consanguinity represents a biological relationship between two individuals. In clinical genetics, it specifically refers to the marriage between individuals who are second cousins or closer. The aim of the study is to assess perceptions and their predictors among the Palestinian population towards consanguinity. Methods A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample was collected using convenience and snowball sampling methods, yielding a sample of 1008 participants. The perceptions towards consanguinity and its predictors were assessed using Chi-square test. Results The prevalence of consanguinity among married participants was 18.7% (N = 81/432), while it was 28.8% among their parents. Consanguinity rate was significantly low among the young age group (ie, <47 years old) and among participants whose mothers have undergraduate educational levels (P < 0.05). Other factors like parental consanguinity, educational level of participants, their father's educational level, and residency place showed no significant associations (P > 0.05). Rejection of consanguinity was significantly noted among young age participants, absence of parental consanguinity, the presence of children or family members with genetic disorders and female gender (P < 0.001). Furthermore, participants who indicated that they are governmental employees, those with 2000-5000 ILS monthly income, those who are married (P < 0.01), and those who indicated that their mothers are holders of postgraduate degree were significantly more likely to reject the idea of consanguinity (P < 0.05). Also, medical and/or scientific reasons were significantly associated with rejecting the idea of consanguinity (P < 0.001). Conclusion Consanguinity prevalence has decreased among recent generations in Palestine, but it remains a significant challenge in Palestine. Therefore, educational and awareness programs about consanguinity and its health effects are effective strategies for reducing the consanguinity rate, especially for persons who are at the age of marriage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ghanim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Rami Mosleh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Anas Hamdan
- Department of Anesthesia and Resuscitation Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Johnny Amer
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Malik Alqub
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Yazun Jarrar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt, Jordan
| | - Majdi Dwikat
- Department of Allied and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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13
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Ayyash M, Daviskiba S, Vriesen N, Yaquinto A, Roberson J, Pitts D. High rates of "atypical" single nucleotide polymorphism-based noninvasive prenatal screening results among consanguineous Arab American patients: A single center retrospective study. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:1040-1046. [PMID: 37066630 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS), using placental cell-free DNA from a maternal blood sample, is currently the most sensitive and specific screening tool for detecting common fetal aneuploidies. The aim of this study was to compare the rates of "atypical" single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based NIPS results and subsequent pregnancy outcomes between Arab American and non-Arab American patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant Arab and non-Arab American patients who had SNP-based NIPS performed between September 2018 and January 2021 at an urban health system in Michigan. The rate of "atypical" results and other perinatal outcomes were compared between groups using descriptive statistics. "Atypical" results due to multifetal gestations, either undisclosed or unknown at time of ordering, were excluded. Five thousand eight hundred and seventy-three patients underwent SNP-based NIPS: 771 (13.1%) were identified as Arab American, 5102 (86.9%) were non-Arab American, and 49 (0.8%) patients received "atypical" results. Arab patients represented only 13.1% of patients screened (771/5873) but had a significantly higher rate of "atypical" results than non-Arab American patients (17/771 [2.2%] vs. 32/5102 [0.6%]; p < 0.001). Of the 17 Arab patients with "atypical" results, 9 (52.9%) were in known consanguineous relationships. No major congenital anomalies or chromosomal aberrations were identified for any patients who had "atypical" results, and no significant differences in other perinatal outcomes were observed between Arab and non-Arab American patients. A better understanding of the association between consanguinity and "atypical" SNP-based NIPS results would aid in appropriate test selection and interpretation and may help physicians and genetic counselors provide better perinatal counseling and follow-up care for patients in consanguineous relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Ayyash
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Sydney Daviskiba
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Natalie Vriesen
- Division of Genetics, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Alyxandra Yaquinto
- Division of Genetics, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Roberson
- Division of Genetics, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - D'Angela Pitts
- Department of Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Department of Women's Health, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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14
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Elhadi YAM, Alrawa SS, Alfadul ESA, Mahgoub EAA, El-Osta A, Belal SA, Lucero-Prisno DE, El Dabbah NA, Yahia A. Consanguinity and willingness to perform premarital genetic screening in Sudan. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01438-1. [PMID: 37528188 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Consanguineous marriage is prevalent in certain world regions due to cultural, economic, and social reasons. However, it can lead to negative consequences including an increased risk of genetic disorders in offspring. Premarital genetic screening (PMGS) is an important tool to identify and manage these risks before marriage. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of consanguineous marriage, knowledge of genetic diseases and PMGS, and attitudes and willingness to perform PMGS in Sudan. A national household survey was conducted using a multistage sampling technique, with a sample size of 2272 participants. Data were collected from December 2022 to March 2023 using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. A significant proportion of respondents (364/850, 42.8%) were married to consanguineal partners, with various types of relatedness. Moreover, 32.1% (242/755) of single respondents were planning to marry a close relative, signifying the likely persistence of consanguineous marriages in Sudan. The level of knowledge regarding genetic diseases and PMGS was relatively low in many states of Sudan, indicating the need for increased awareness interventions. A significant number of participants (85.2%) agreed that premarital screening is effective in reducing genetic diseases, whereas 71.2% supported the introduction of a mandatory PMGS program. Excluding married participants, 82.3% (1265/1537) of respondents were willing to perform PMGS, if implemented. These findings reflect the public positive attitude towards introducing the PMGS program and policies in Sudan and underscore the importance of addressing the knowledge gap of PMGS before such a potential implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma S Alrawa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | - Austen El-Osta
- Self-Care Academic Research Unit (SCARU), School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Don Eliseo Lucero-Prisno
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Noha Ahmed El Dabbah
- Department of Health Administration and Behavioural Sciences, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Yahia
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden.
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15
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Melado L, Lawrenz B, Nogueira D, Raberi A, Patel R, Bayram A, Elkhatib I, Fatemi H. Features of chromosomal abnormalities in relation to consanguinity: analysis of 10,556 blastocysts from IVF/ICSI cycles with PGT-A from consanguineous and non-consanguineous couples. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8857. [PMID: 37258645 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36014-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Consanguineous marriage is defined as marriage between first or second-degree cousins, with high prevalence in many cultures and societies. Descendants from consanguineous unions have an increased risk for genetic diseases. Additionally, in consanguineous couples, chromosomal disjunction during embryogenesis could also be affected, increasing the risk of chromosomal errors. Nowadays, genomic testing allows to identify new genetic syndromes and variants related to copy-number variations (CNV), including whole chromosome, segmental and micro-segmental errors. This is the first study evaluating chromosomal ploidy status on blastocysts formed from consanguineous couples during IVF/ICSI treatments with Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidies (PGT-A), compared to non-consanguineous couples. Although consanguine couples were significantly younger, no differences were observed between groups for fertilisation rate, blastulation rate and euploidy rate, once adjusted by age. Nevertheless, the number of blastocysts biopsied on day 5 was lower for consanguine couples. Segmental errors, and aneuploidies of chromosomes 13 and 14 were the most prominent abnormalities in relation to consanguinity, together with errors in chromosome 16 and sex chromosomes when the female partner was younger than 35. Once euploid blastocysts were considered for subsequent frozen embryo transfer, pregnancy outcomes were similar in both groups. The current findings point toward the fact that in consanguine unions, not only the risk of having a child with genetic disorders is increased, but also the risk of specific chromosomal abnormalities seems to be increased. Premarital counselling and tailored reproductive treatments should be offered to these couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Melado
- Medical Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Marina Village Villa B22 - 23, PO Box 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
| | - Barbara Lawrenz
- Medical Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Marina Village Villa B22 - 23, PO Box 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Daniela Nogueira
- Medical Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Marina Village Villa B22 - 23, PO Box 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- ART Fertility Clinics, Gurgaon, India
| | - Araz Raberi
- Medical Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Marina Village Villa B22 - 23, PO Box 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Asina Bayram
- Medical Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Marina Village Villa B22 - 23, PO Box 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Ibrahim Elkhatib
- Medical Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Marina Village Villa B22 - 23, PO Box 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Human Fatemi
- Medical Department, ART Fertility Clinics, Marina Village Villa B22 - 23, PO Box 60202, Abu Dhabi, UAE
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16
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Gasteiger N, Vercell A, Khan N, Dowding D, Davies AC, Davies A. Digital interventions for genomics and genetics education, empowerment, and service engagement: A systematic review. J Community Genet 2023:10.1007/s12687-023-00648-w. [PMID: 37198378 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00648-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-facing digital technologies may reduce barriers to and alleviate the burden on genetics services. However, no work has synthesised the evidence for patient-facing digital interventions for genomics/genetics education and empowerment, or to facilitate service engagement more broadly. It is also unclear which groups have been engaged by digital interventions. AIM This systematic review explores which existing patient-facing digital technologies have been used for genomics/genetics education and empowerment, or to facilitate service engagement, and for whom and for which purposes the interventions have been developed. METHODS The review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eight databases were searched for literature. Information was extracted into an Excel sheet and analysed in a narrative manner. Quality assessments were conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Twenty-four studies were included, of which 21 were moderate or high quality. The majority (88%) were conducted in the United States of America or within a clinical setting (79%). More than half (63%) of the interventions were web-based tools, and almost all focussed on educating users (92%). There were promising results regarding educating patients and their families and facilitating engagement with genetics services. Few of the studies focussed on empowering patients or were community-based. CONCLUSION Digital interventions may be used to deliver information about genetics concepts and conditions, and positively impact service engagement. However, there is insufficient evidence related to empowering patients and engaging underserved communities or consanguineous couples. Future work should focus on co-developing content with end users and incorporating interactive features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norina Gasteiger
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Amy Vercell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Naz Khan
- Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - Dawn Dowding
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela C Davies
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan Davies
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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17
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Al-Mousa H, Barbouche MR. Genetics of Inborn Errors of Immunity in highly consanguineous Middle Eastern and North African populations. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101763. [PMID: 37075586 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Consanguineous marriages in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries are deeply-rooted tradition and highly prevalent resulting into increased prevalence of autosomal recessive diseases including Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEIs). Molecular genetic testing is an important diagnostic tool for IEIs since it provides a definite diagnosis, genotype-phenotype correlation, and guide therapy. In this review, we will discuss the current state and challenges of genomic and variome studies in MENA region populations, as well as the importance of funding advanced genome projects. In addition, we will review the MENA underlying molecular genetic defects of over 2457 patients published with the common IEIs, where autosomal recessive mode of inheritance accounts for 76% of cases with increased prevalence of combined immunodeficiency diseases (50%). The efforts made in the last three decades in terms of international collaboration and of in situ capacity building in MENA region countries led to the discovery of more than 150 novel genes involved in IEIs. Expanding sequencing studies within the MENA will undoubtedly be a unique asset for the IEI genetics which can advance research, and support precise genomic diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamoud Al-Mousa
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohamed-Ridha Barbouche
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain.
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18
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Khalid N, Abdullah M, Awais AB, Hassan M, Muhammad A. Hurler Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type 1): A Case Report. Cureus 2023; 15:e37785. [PMID: 37213966 PMCID: PMC10195038 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hurler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of deficiency in the metabolism of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), including heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate, which consequently accumulate in the different organs of the body, resulting from deficiency of an enzyme named Alpha-L-iduronidase. Here, we present an interesting case of a young female patient who presented with a combination of skeletal, oro-facial, ophthalmologic, neurological, and radiological findings of this disease. A diagnosis of Hurler syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I) was made late in the disease due to lack of facilities, and the patient was ultimately managed supportively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Khalid
- Internal Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, PAK
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Public Health & Community Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, PAK
| | - Abeer Bin Awais
- Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, PAK
| | - Muhammad Hassan
- Medicine, Shaikh Khalifa Bin Zayed Al-Nahyan Medical & Dental College, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, PAK
| | - Ameer Muhammad
- Internal Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex, Lahore, PAK
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The coefficients of inbreeding revealed by ROH study among inbred individuals belonging to each type of the first cousin marriage: A preliminary report from North India. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:813-825. [PMID: 36807878 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-023-01367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide runs of homozygosity (ROH) are appropriate to estimate genomic inbreeding, determine population history, unravel the genetic architecture of complex traits and disorders. OBJECTIVE The study sought to investigate and compare the actual proportion of homozygosity or autozygosity in the genomes of progeny of four subtypes of first cousin mating in humans, using both pedigree and genomic measures for autosomes and sex chromosomes. METHODS For this purpose, Illumina Global Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip followed by cyto-ROH analysis through Illumina Genome Studio was used to characterise the homozygosity in five participants from North Indian state (Uttar Pradesh). PLINK v.1.9 software was used to estimate the genomic inbreeding coefficients viz. ROH-based inbreeding estimate (FROH) and homozygous loci-based inbreeding estimate (FHOM). RESULTS A total of 133 ROH segments were detected with maximum number and genomic coverage in Matrilateral Parallel (MP) type and minimum in outbred individual. ROH pattern revealed that MP type has a higher degree of homozygosity than other subtypes. The comparison of FROH, FHOM, and pedigree-based inbreeding estimate (FPED) showed some difference in theoretical and realised proportion of homozygosity for sex-chromosomal loci but not for autosome for each type of consanguinity. CONCLUSIONS This is the very first study to compare and estimate the pattern of homozygosity among the kindreds of first cousin unions. However, a greater number of individuals from each type of marriage is required for statistical inference of no difference between theoretical and realized homozygosity among different degrees of inbreeding prevalent in humans worldwide.
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20
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Albanghali MA. Prevalence of Consanguineous Marriage among Saudi Citizens of Albaha, a Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3767. [PMID: 36834460 PMCID: PMC9966201 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Consanguineous marriage (CM) is a prevalent kind of relationship in Muslim and Arab countries, and this type of relationship is linked to several health risks. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of (CM), its associated hereditary diseases, and health-related issues among Saudi citizens in Albaha. This cross-sectional study was conducted between March 2021 to April 2021. Saudi citizens in Albaha who were aged ≥ 18 years and willing to participate were eligible for the study. A total of 1010 participants were included in this study. In total, 757 participants were married, widowed, or divorced. CM partnerships comprised 40% (N = 302) of the marriages among participants, of which first- and second-cousin marriages comprised 72% and 28%, respectively. The prevalence of CM among the participants' parents was lower than that among the participants (31% versus 40%, respectively). Children of participants in a CM were more likely to have cardiovascular diseases (p < 0.001), blood diseases (anaemia, thalassemia) (p < 0.001), cancer (p = 0.046), hearing loss and speech disorder (p = 0.003), and ophthalmic diseases (p = 0.037). Albaha showed a high percentage of consanguinity. An educational program must be established to enhance the population's knowledge of the consequences of CM. The current national premarital screening program should be extended to involve more screening tests for common hereditary diseases that result from CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad A Albanghali
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Albaha University, Albaha 65779, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Yasmin T, Andres EM, Ashraf K, Basra MAR, Raza MH. Genome-wide analysis of runs of homozygosity in Pakistani controls with no history of speech or language-related developmental phenotypes. Ann Hum Biol 2023; 50:100-107. [PMID: 36786444 PMCID: PMC10284496 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2023.2180087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Runs of homozygosity (ROHs) analysis of controls provide a convenient resource to minimize the association of false positive results of disease-associated ROHs and genetic variants for simple and complex disorders in individuals from the same population. Evidence for the value of ROHs to speech or language-related traits is restricted due to the absence of population-matched behaviourally defined controls and limited family-based studies. AIM This study aims to identify common ROHs in the Pakistani population, focussing on the total length and frequency of ROHs of variable sizes, shared ROHs, and their genomic distribution. SUBJECTS AND METHODS We performed homozygosity analysis (in PLINK) of 86 individuals (39 males, 47 females) with no history of speech or language-related phenotypes (controls) who had been genotyped with the Illumina Infinium QC Array-24. RESULTS ROHs of 1-<4 megabases (Mb) were frequent in unrelated individuals. We observed ROHs over 20 Mb among six individuals. Over 30 percent of the identified ROHs were shared among several individuals, indicating consanguinity's effect on the Pakistani population. CONCLUSION Our findings serve as a foundation for family-based genetic studies of consanguineous families with speech or language-related disorders to ultimately narrow the homozygosity regions of interest to identify pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahira Yasmin
- Centre for Clinical and Nutritional Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Erin M. Andres
- Thompson Center for Autism & Neurodevelopment, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Child Language Doctoral Program (CLDP), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Komal Ashraf
- Centre for Clinical and Nutritional Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asim Raza Basra
- Centre for Clinical and Nutritional Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hashim Raza
- Child Language Doctoral Program (CLDP), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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22
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Tawfik SM, Elhosseiny AA, Galal AA, William MB, Qansuwa E, Elbaz RM, Salama M. Health inequity in genomic personalized medicine in underrepresented populations: a look at the current evidence. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:54. [PMID: 36719510 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-00979-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in sequencing technology coupled with dramatic declines in the cost of genome sequencing have led to a proportional growth in the size and number of genetic datasets since the release of the human genetic sequence by The Human Genome Project (HGP) international consortium. The HGP was undeniably a significant scientific success, a turning point in human genetics and the beginning of human genomics. This burst of genetic information has led to a greater understanding of disease pathology and the potential of employing this data to deliver more precise patient care. Hence, the recognition of high-penetrance disease-causing mutations which encode drivers of disease has made the management of most diseases more specific. Nonetheless, while genetic scores are becoming more extensively used, their application in the real world is expected to be limited due to the lack of diversity in the data used to construct them. Underrepresented populations, such as racial and ethnic minorities, low-income individuals, and those living in rural areas, often experience greater health disparities and worse health outcomes compared to the general population. These disparities are often the result of systemic barriers, such as poverty, discrimination, and limited access to healthcare. Addressing health inequity in underrepresented populations requires addressing the underlying social determinants of health and implementing policies and programs which promoted health equity and reduce disparities. This can include expanding access to affordable healthcare, addressing poverty and unemployment, and promoting policies that combat discrimination and racism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherouk M Tawfik
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aliaa A Elhosseiny
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt (BUE), Cairo, 11837, Egypt
| | - Aya A Galal
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Systems Genomics Laboratory, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martina B William
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Esraa Qansuwa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Rana M Elbaz
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt. .,Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt. .,Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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23
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Al-Mamari W, Idris AB, Al-Thihli K, Abdulrahim R, Jalees S, Al-Jabri M, Gabr A, Al Murshedi F, Al Kindy A, Al-Hadabi I, Bruwer Z, Islam MM, Alsayegh A. Applying whole exome sequencing in a consanguineous population with autism spectrum disorder. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2023; 69:190-200. [PMID: 37025335 PMCID: PMC10071987 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2021.1937000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to systematically assess the impact of clinical and demographic variables on the diagnostic yield of Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) when applied to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) from a consanguineous population. Ninety-seven children were included in the analysis, 63% were male and 37% were females. 77.3% had a suspected syndromic aetiology of which 68% had co-existent central nervous system (CNS) clinical features, while 69% had other systems involved. The diagnostic yield of WES in our cohort with ASD was 34%. Children with seizures were more likely to have positive WES results (46% vs. 31%, p = 0.042). Probands with suspected syndromic ASD aetiology showed no significant differential impact on the diagnostic yield of WES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watfa Al-Mamari
- Developmental Pediatric Unit, Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
- Correspondence to: Watfa Al-Mamari, Developmental Pediatric Unit, Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Ahmed B. Idris
- Developmental Pediatric Unit, Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid Al-Thihli
- Genetic Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Reem Abdulrahim
- Genetic Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Saquib Jalees
- Developmental Pediatric Unit, Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Muna Al-Jabri
- Department of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahlam Gabr
- Developmental Pediatric Unit, Child Health Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Adila Al Kindy
- Genetic Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Intisar Al-Hadabi
- Department of Nursing, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Zandrè Bruwer
- Genetic Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - M. Mazharul Islam
- Department of Statistics, College of Science, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Abeer Alsayegh
- Genetic Department, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Suali L, Mohammad Salih FA, Ibrahim MY, Jeffree MSB, Thomas FM, Siew Moy F, Shook Fe Y, Suali E, Sudi S, Sunggip C. Genotype-Phenotype Study of β-Thalassemia Patients in Sabah. Hemoglobin 2022; 46:317-324. [PMID: 36815306 DOI: 10.1080/03630269.2023.2169154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
β-thalassemia is a serious public health problem in Sabah due to its high prevalence. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of β-globin gene mutations, coinheritance with α-globin gene mutations, XmnI-Gγ, and rs368698783 polymorphisms on the β-thalassemia phenotypes in Sabahan patients. A total of 111 patients were included in this study. The sociodemographic profile of the patients was collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, while clinical data were obtained from their medical records. Gap-PCR, ARMS-PCR, RFLP-PCR, and multiplex PCR were performed to detect β- and α-globin gene mutations, as well as XmnI-Gγ and rs368698783 polymorphisms. Our data show that the high prevalence of β-thalassemia in Sabah is not due to consanguineous marriages (5.4%). A total of six different β-globin gene mutations were detected, with Filipino β°-deletion being the most dominant (87.4%). There were 77.5% homozygous β-thalassemia patients, 16.2% compound heterozygous β-thalassemia patients, and 6.3% β-thalassemia/Hb E patients. Further evaluation on compound heterozygous β-thalassemia and β-thalassemia/Hb E patients found no concomitant α-globin gene mutations and the rs368698783 polymorphism. Furthermore, the XmnI-Gγ (-/+) genotype did not demonstrate a strong impact on the disease phenotype, as only two of five patients in the compound heterozygous β-thalassemia group and two of three patients in the β-thalassemia/Hb E group had a moderate phenotype. Our findings indicate that the severity of the β-thalassemia phenotypes is closely related to the type of β-globin gene mutations but not to the XmnI-Gγ and rs368698783 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Latifah Suali
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Falah Abass Mohammad Salih
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Yusof Ibrahim
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Saffree Bin Jeffree
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Fiona Macniesia Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Fong Siew Moy
- Likas Women's and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Yap Shook Fe
- Likas Women's and Children's Hospital, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Emma Suali
- Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Suhaini Sudi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
| | - Caroline Sunggip
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia
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Cotter DJ, Severson AL, Carmi S, Rosenberg NA. Limiting distribution of X-chromosomal coalescence times under first-cousin consanguineous mating. Theor Popul Biol 2022; 147:1-15. [PMID: 35973448 PMCID: PMC9867987 DOI: 10.1016/j.tpb.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
By providing additional opportunities for coalescence within families, the presence of consanguineous unions in a population reduces coalescence times relative to non-consanguineous populations. First-cousin consanguinity can take one of six forms differing in the configuration of sexes in the pedigree of the male and female cousins who join in a consanguineous union: patrilateral parallel, patrilateral cross, matrilateral parallel, matrilateral cross, bilateral parallel, and bilateral cross. Considering populations with each of the six types of first-cousin consanguinity individually and a population with a mixture of the four unilateral types, we examine coalescent models of consanguinity. We previously computed, for first-cousin consanguinity models, the mean coalescence time for X-chromosomal loci and the limiting distribution of coalescence times for autosomal loci. Here, we use the separation-of-time-scales approach to obtain the limiting distribution of coalescence times for X-chromosomal loci. This limiting distribution has an instantaneous coalescence probability that depends on the probability that a union is consanguineous; lineages that do not coalesce instantaneously coalesce according to an exponential distribution. We study the effects on the coalescence time distribution of the type of first-cousin consanguinity, showing that patrilateral-parallel and patrilateral-cross consanguinity have no effect on X-chromosomal coalescence time distributions and that matrilateral-parallel consanguinity decreases coalescence times to a greater extent than does matrilateral-cross consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Cotter
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Alissa L Severson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shai Carmi
- Braun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel
| | - Noah A Rosenberg
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Hasosah M. Consanguinity and Positive Family History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children: A Multicenter Case–Control Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which comprise Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are rising trend in Saudi population. We aim to examine the association between consanguinity and family history and the risk of childhood IBD in Saudi children. A multicenter case–control study conducted in three tertiary hospitals in Jeddah and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during periods 2009 to 2021. Data about demographics, consanguinity, family history of IBD, and type of IBD were collected using a structured questionnaire. The same questionnaire was applied in matched case–control. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis that was performed to compare both groups. The study population included 335 children: 167 IBD patients (49.9%) and 168 controls (50.1%). Of these IBD, 93 patients (56%) were CD and 74 patients (44%) were UC. Most of participants were females (72.1%) and their age more than 10 years (51.5%). There was first-degree consanguinity in 66 IBD patients (49.6%). No significant difference in first-degree consanguinity between cases and controls was noted (49.6% in cases vs. 50.4% in controls; OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.66–1.57). The consanguinity showed a more significant association with CD than UC (p < 0.05). Family history of IBD (father, siblings, and grandparents) as risk factors for IBD was identified: paternal history of IBD (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08–0.76), siblings' history of IBD (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.92–2.43), and grandparent's history of IBD (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.07–0.65). Family history of IBD showed a more significant association with CD than UC (p < 0.05). Consanguinity is strongly associated with IBD with more significant association with CD than UC and may possibly explain IBD rise in Saudi Arabia. The greatest risk of family history of IBD is in first-degree relatives, especially in siblings' rather than parents and grandparents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Hasosah
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz, University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, WR, Saudi Arabia
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Kotan LD. Comparative Analyses of Turkish Variome and Widely Used Genomic Variation Databases for the Evaluation of Rare Sequence Variants in Turkish Individuals: Idiopathic Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism as a Disease Model. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2022; 14:293-301. [PMID: 35438269 PMCID: PMC9422916 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2022.2022-3-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective With the increasing use of whole-exome sequencing, one of the challenges in identifying the causal allele for a Mendelian disease is the lack of availability of population-specific human genetic variation reference databases. The people of Turkey were not represented in GnomAD or other publicly available large databases until recently, when the first comprehensive genomic variation database, Turkish Variome (TRV), was published. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether TRV or other publicly available large genomic variation databases can reliably be used for rare disease variant evaluation in Turkish individuals. Methods Sixty non-disease-causing, non-synonymous variants (minor allele frequencies >1%) were identified in 58 genes that are known to be associated with idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism from a large Turkish patient cohort. The allelic frequencies of these variants were then compared with those in various public genomic variation databases, including TRV. Results Our cohort variants showed the highest correlations with those in the TRV, Iranome, and The Greater Middle East Variome, in decreasing order. Conclusion These results suggest that the TRV is the appropriate database to use for rare genomic variant evaluations in the Turkish population. Our data also suggest that variomes from geographic neighborhoods may serve as substitute references for populations devoid of their own genomic variation databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leman Damla Kotan
- Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Department of
Pediatric Endocrinology, Adana, Turkey
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28
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Consanguinity in the Chaouia population (Morocco): prevalence, trends, determinants, fertility, and spontaneous abortions. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
One of the aspects that helps to understand the genetic structure of a population throughout its biological history is the description of its matrimonial practices. Thus, the objective of this study is to explore consanguinity, one of these practices, to its full extent by identifying the prevalence, determinants, and trends of a consanguineous marriage, as well as its impact on fertility and spontaneous abortions in the Chaouia population, a region located in the western center of Morocco. Therefore, a survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2019 and January 2020. The sample was collected by province using a stratified random sampling approach, yielding a sample of 788 people. The association between consanguinity and socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, as well as reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes, was described using chi-square and ANOVA analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the predictors of a consanguineous marriage.
Results
Our findings revealed a consanguinity rate of 25.38%. The mean inbreeding coefficient was 0.012214. The most common type of union was between first cousins. This practice was strongly associated with an early age at marriage for both genders and with endogamy and immobility of couples, according to their place of birth. Consanguinity was significantly associated with fertility (p < 0.001) and spontaneous abortions (p = 0.029). The average number of pregnancies and spontaneous abortions was higher in consanguineous unions (5.18 ± 0.20/0.47 ± 0.08) compared to non-consanguineous unions (4.33 ± 0.10/0.31 ± 0.03).
Conclusions
Consanguinity is a deeply rooted social and cultural tradition in this population, providing individuals with a sense of social-economic stability while assuring their attachment to the group. Despite being highly associated with fertility, this practice has a significant influence on pregnancy outcomes, namely spontaneous abortions. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the impact of consanguinity on various aspects of reproductive health and its association with numerous genetic abnormalities and diseases.
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Prenatal diagnosis of fetuses with region of homozygosity detected by single nucleotide polymorphism array: a retrospective cohort study. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:629-638. [PMID: 35896820 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01062-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Region of homozygosity (ROH) is classified as uniparental disomy (UPD) or identity by descent, depending on its origin. To explore the clinical relevance of ROH in prenatal diagnoses, we reviewed 5063 fetal samples subjected to single nucleotide polymorphism array at our center over 5 years. ROH cases meeting our reporting threshold were further analyzed. ROHs were detected in 22 fetuses (0.43%, 22/5063), of which, 77.3% (17/22) showed a ROH on a single chromosome and 22.7% (5/22) showed multiple ROHs on different chromosomes. Among 5063 fetuses undergoing invasive prenatal diagnoses owing to various indications, five cases were identified as UPDs with a rate of ~1/1000. We observed clinically relevant UPDs in two cases related to Prader-Willi syndrome and transient neonatal diabetes mellitus. Of note, one case showed 50% mosaicism for trisomy 2 in amniotic fluid, whereas a complete UPD (2) was observed in umbilical cord blood. Trio whole-exome sequencing was performed for three cases. Clinically relevant variants were identified in two cases, one of which, NM_000302:c.2071_2072insCC (p.R693Qfs*122) in PLOD1 located in the ROH, may be related to Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, kyphoscoliotic type, 1. Overall, 72.7% (16/22) of the ROH carriers showed ultrasound abnormalities, of whom eight (50%, 8/16) had adverse perinatal outcomes. Our study demonstrates that the clinical relevance of ROHs should be examined regarding fetuses with ROHs occurring on imprinted chromosomes or those derived from consanguineous parents in prenatal diagnoses; imprinting disorders and/or autosomal recessive diseases attributed to ROHs should be considered during genetic counseling.
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30
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Bruwer Z, Al Ubaidani S, Al Kharusi K, Al Murshedi F, Al-Maawali A, Al Sayegh A, Al Kindy A, Al Riyami N, Al Dughaishi T, Al Salmani M, Al Hashmi N, Al Shehhi M, Al Fahdi B, Al Amri S, Al-Thihli K. Uptake of prenatal genetic diagnosis and termination of pregnancy by Omani Muslim families at risk of genetic disorders: experience over a 9-year period. J Community Genet 2022; 13:303-311. [PMID: 35179721 PMCID: PMC8854480 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-022-00584-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the acceptance of prenatal diagnosis and termination of pregnancy for single gene disorders within Islamic societies in the Middle East are limited. A few have examined the attitudes toward pregnancy termination for fetal indications, but a dearth of published data exists on actual behavior and uptake. This study reports on all prenatal diagnosis requests for single gene disorders, from the Sultanate of Oman, over 9 years. A retrospective study was conducted during which the medical records of all women who performed prenatal diagnoses for single gene disorders were reviewed. A total of 148 invasive procedures were performed for 114 families. The total number of yearly requests for prenatal diagnosis increased exponentially from three in 2012 to 21 in 2020. Sixty-four different diagnoses were tested for with the majority being autosomal recessive in nature. Seventy-one percent (28/39) of cases where an affected pregnancy was identified were terminated. Fifty-two of the 114 women (45.6%) repeated prenatal diagnosis in a future pregnancy. Seventy-two couples (63%) were consanguineous parents related as second cousins or closer. The majority of tests performed were for couples from Muscat (27%), Albatinah (27%), and Alsharqiya (20.3%) governorates in Oman. The findings of this study provide evidence that prenatal diagnosis is an acceptable reproductive option to prevent the occurrence of genetic disorders that meet termination eligibility criteria as outlined by the Islamic Jurisprudence (Fiqh) Council Fatwa, among Omani Muslim couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zandré Bruwer
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital & Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman.
| | - Salwa Al Ubaidani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Khalsa Al Kharusi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital & Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Fathiya Al Murshedi
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital & Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Almundher Al-Maawali
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital & Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Abeer Al Sayegh
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital & Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Adila Al Kindy
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital & Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nihal Al Riyami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Tamima Al Dughaishi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Mouza Al Salmani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nadia Al Hashmi
- National Genetic Centre, The Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Maryam Al Shehhi
- National Genetic Centre, The Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Badriya Al Fahdi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Sumaya Al Amri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Fetal Medicine Unit, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Khalid Al-Thihli
- Genetic and Developmental Medicine Clinic, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital & Department of Genetics, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Hiz Kurul S, Oktay Y, Töpf A, Szabó NZ, Güngör S, Yaramis A, Sonmezler E, Matalonga L, Yis U, Schon K, Paramonov I, Kalafatcilar İP, Gao F, Rieger A, Arslan N, Yilmaz E, Ekinci B, Edem PP, Aslan M, Özgör B, Lochmüller A, Nair A, O'Heir E, Lovgren AK, Maroofian R, Houlden H, Polavarapu K, Roos A, Müller JS, Hathazi D, Chinnery PF, Laurie S, Beltran S, Lochmüller H, Horvath R. High diagnostic rate of trio exome sequencing in consanguineous families with neurogenetic diseases. Brain 2022; 145:1507-1518. [PMID: 34791078 PMCID: PMC9128813 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Consanguineous marriages have a prevalence rate of 24% in Turkey. These carry an increased risk of autosomal recessive genetic conditions, leading to severe disability or premature death, with a significant health and economic burden. A definitive molecular diagnosis could not be achieved in these children previously, as infrastructures and access to sophisticated diagnostic options were limited. We studied the cause of neurogenetic disease in 246 children from 190 consanguineous families recruited in three Turkish hospitals between 2016 and 2020. All patients underwent deep phenotyping and trio whole exome sequencing, and data were integrated in advanced international bioinformatics platforms. We detected causative variants in 119 known disease genes in 72% of families. Due to overlapping phenotypes 52% of the confirmed genetic diagnoses would have been missed on targeted diagnostic gene panels. Likely pathogenic variants in 27 novel genes in 14% of the families increased the diagnostic yield to 86%. Eighty-two per cent of causative variants (141/172) were homozygous, 11 of which were detected in genes previously only associated with autosomal dominant inheritance. Eight families carried two pathogenic variants in different disease genes. De novo (9.3%), X-linked recessive (5.2%) and compound heterozygous (3.5%) variants were less frequent compared to non-consanguineous populations. This cohort provided a unique opportunity to better understand the genetic characteristics of neurogenetic diseases in a consanguineous population. Contrary to what may be expected, causative variants were often not on the longest run of homozygosity and the diagnostic yield was lower in families with the highest degree of consanguinity, due to the high number of homozygous variants in these patients. Pathway analysis highlighted that protein synthesis/degradation defects and metabolic diseases are the most common pathways underlying paediatric neurogenetic disease. In our cohort 164 families (86%) received a diagnosis, enabling prevention of transmission and targeted treatments in 24 patients (10%). We generated an important body of genomic data with lasting impacts on the health and wellbeing of consanguineous families and economic benefit for the healthcare system in Turkey and elsewhere. We demonstrate that an untargeted next generation sequencing approach is far superior to a more targeted gene panel approach, and can be performed without specialized bioinformatics knowledge by clinicians using established pipelines in populations with high rates of consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Hiz Kurul
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Yavuz Oktay
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Ana Töpf
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Institute of Translational and Clinical Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Nóra Zs Szabó
- Epilepsy-Neurology Polyclinic of Buda Children's Hospital, New Saint John's Hospital and Northern -Buda United Hospitals, Budapest 1023, Hungary
| | - Serdal Güngör
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Research Center, Inonu University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yaramis
- Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Diyarbakir 21070, Turkey
| | - Ece Sonmezler
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Leslie Matalonga
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Uluc Yis
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Katherine Schon
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ida Paramonov
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - İpek Polat Kalafatcilar
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Aliz Rieger
- Rehabilitation Centre for the Physically Handicapped, Budapest 1528, Hungary
| | - Nur Arslan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University Health Campus, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Department of Paediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 1528, Turkey
| | - Elmasnur Yilmaz
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Burcu Ekinci
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Pinar Pulat Edem
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, School of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Aslan
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Research Center, Inonu University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Bilge Özgör
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Turgut Ozal Research Center, Inonu University, Malatya 44210, Turkey
| | - Angela Lochmüller
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ashwati Nair
- GKT School of Medical Education, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Emily O'Heir
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA SE1 1UL, USA
| | - Alysia K Lovgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA SE1 1UL, USA
| | | | - Reza Maroofian
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Henry Houlden
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Kiran Polavarapu
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Andreas Roos
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften, ISAS e.V., Dortmund 44227, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45141, Germany
| | - Juliane S Müller
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Denisa Hathazi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Patrick F Chinnery
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Steven Laurie
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Sergi Beltran
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1H 8L1, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79106, Germany
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital; and Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa ON K1Y 4E9, Canada
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
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Amaratunga SA, Tayeb TH, Dusatkova P, Pruhova S, Lebl J. Invaluable Role of Consanguinity in Providing Insight into Paediatric Endocrine Conditions: Lessons Learnt from Congenital Hyperinsulinism, Monogenic Diabetes, and Short Stature. Horm Res Paediatr 2022; 95:1-11. [PMID: 34847552 DOI: 10.1159/000521210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Consanguineous families have often played a role in the discovery of novel genes, especially in paediatric endocrinology. At this time, it has been estimated that over 8.5% of all children worldwide have consanguineous parents. Consanguinity is linked to demographic, cultural, and religious practises and is more common in some areas around the world than others. In children with endocrine conditions from consanguineous families, there is a greater probability that a single-gene condition with autosomal recessive inheritance is causative. From 1966 and the first description of Laron syndrome, through the discovery of the first KATP channel genes ABCC8 and KCNJ11 causing congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) in the 1990s, to recent discoveries of mutations in YIPF5 as the first cause of monogenic diabetes due to the disruption of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi trafficking in the β-cell and increased ER stress; positive genetic findings in children from consanguinity have been important in elucidating novel genes and mechanisms of disease, thereby expanding knowledge into disease pathophysiology. The aim of this narrative review was to shed light on the lessons learned from consanguineous pedigrees with the help of 3 fundamental endocrine conditions that represent an evolving spectrum of pathophysiological complexity - from CHI, a typically single-cell condition, to monogenic diabetes which presents with uniform biochemical parameters (hyperglycaemia and glycosuria), despite varying aetiologies, up to the genetic regulation of human growth - the most complex developmental phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenali Anne Amaratunga
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tara Hussein Tayeb
- Department of Paediatrics, Sulaymani University, College of Medicine, Sulaymani, Iraq
| | - Petra Dusatkova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Stepanka Pruhova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jan Lebl
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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El-Attar EA, Helmy Elkaffas RM, Aglan SA, Naga IS, Nabil A, Abdallah HY. Genomics in Egypt: Current Status and Future Aspects. Front Genet 2022; 13:797465. [PMID: 35664315 PMCID: PMC9157251 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.797465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Egypt is the third most densely inhabited African country. Due to the economic burden and healthcare costs of overpopulation, genomic and genetic testing is a huge challenge. However, in the era of precision medicine, Egypt is taking a shift in approach from “one-size-fits all” to more personalized healthcare via advancing the practice of medical genetics and genomics across the country. This shift necessitates concrete knowledge of the Egyptian genome and related diseases to direct effective preventive, diagnostic and counseling services of prevalent genetic diseases in Egypt. Understanding disease molecular mechanisms will enhance the capacity for personalized interventions. From this perspective, we highlight research efforts and available services for rare genetic diseases, communicable diseases including the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID19), and cancer. The current state of genetic services in Egypt including availability and access to genetic services is described. Drivers for applying genomics in Egypt are illustrated with a SWOT analysis of the current genetic/genomic services. Barriers to genetic service development in Egypt, whether economic, geographic, cultural or educational are discussed as well. The sensitive topic of communicating genomic results and its ethical considerations is also tackled. To understand disease pathogenesis, much can be gained through the advancement and integration of genomic technologies via clinical applications and research efforts in Egypt. Three main pillars of multidisciplinary collaboration for advancing genomics in Egypt are envisaged: resources, infrastructure and training. Finally, we highlight the recent national plan to establish a genome center that will aim to prepare a map of the Egyptian human genome to discover and accurately determine the genetic characteristics of various diseases. The Reference Genome Project for Egyptians and Ancient Egyptians will initialize a new genomics era in Egypt. We propose a multidisciplinary governance system in Egypt to support genomic medicine research efforts and integrate into the healthcare system whilst ensuring ethical conduct of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Ahmed El-Attar
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Eman Ahmed El-Attar,
| | | | - Sarah Ahmed Aglan
- Chemical Pathology Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman S. Naga
- Department of Microbiology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amira Nabil
- Department of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Hoda Y. Abdallah
- Medical Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
- Center of Excellence in Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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Lynch MT, Maloney KA, Pollin TI, Streeten EA, Puffenberger EG, Strauss KA, Shuldiner AR, Mitchell BD. Impact of parental relatedness on reproductive outcomes among the Old Order Amish of Lancaster County. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:2119-2128. [PMID: 35442562 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Genetically isolated populations that arise due to recent bottleneck events have reduced genetic variation reflecting the common set of founders. Increased genetic relatedness among members of isolated populations puts them at increased risk for some recessive disorders that are rare in outbred populations. To assess the burden on reproductive health, we compared frequencies of adverse reproductive outcomes between Amish couples who were both heterozygous carriers of a highly penetrant pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant and noncarrier couples from the same Amish community. In addition, we evaluated whether overall genetic relatedness of parents was associated with reproductive outcomes. Of the 1824 couples included in our study, 11.1% were at risk of producing a child with an autosomal recessive disorder. Carrier couples reported a lower number of miscarriages compared to noncarrier couples (p = 0.02), although the number of stillbirths (p = 0.3), live births (p = 0.9), and number of pregnancies (p = 0.9) did not differ significantly between groups. In contrast, higher overall relatedness between spouses was positively correlated with number of live births (p < 0.0001), pregnancies (p < 0.0001), and stillbirths (p = 0.03), although not with the number of miscarriages (p = 0.4). These results highlight a complex association between relatedness of parents and reproductive health outcomes in this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T Lynch
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristin A Maloney
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Toni I Pollin
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Streeten
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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- Regeneron Genetics Center LLC, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | | | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Program for Personalized and Genomic Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medicine Baltimore, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ma Y, Wang X, Shoshany N, Jiao X, Lee A, Ku G, Baple EL, Fasham J, Nadeem R, Naeem MA, Riazuddin S, Riazuddin SA, Crosby AH, Hejtmancik JF. CLCC1 c. 75C>A Mutation in Pakistani Derived Retinitis Pigmentosa Families Likely Originated With a Single Founder Mutation 2,000-5,000 Years Ago. Front Genet 2022; 13:804924. [PMID: 35391798 PMCID: PMC8980549 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.804924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: A CLCC1 c. 75C > A (p.D25E) mutation has been associated with autosomal recessive pigmentosa in patients in and from Pakistan. CLCC1 is ubiquitously expressed, and knockout models of this gene in zebrafish and mice are lethal in the embryonic period, suggesting that possible retinitis pigmentosa mutations in this gene might be limited to those leaving partial activity. In agreement with this hypothesis, the mutation is the only CLCC1 mutation associated with retinitis pigmentosa to date, and all identified patients with this mutation share a common SNP haplotype surrounding the mutation, suggesting a common founder. Methods: SNPs were genotyped by a combination of WGS and Sanger sequencing. The original founder haplotype, and recombination pathways were delineated by examination to minimize recombination events. Mutation age was estimated by four methods including an explicit solution, an iterative approach, a Bayesian approach and an approach based solely on ancestral segment lengths using high density SNP data. Results: All members of each of the nine families studied shared a single autozygous SNP haplotype for the CLCC1 region ranging from approximately 1–3.5 Mb in size. The haplotypes shared by the families could be derived from a single putative ancestral haplotype with at most two recombination events. Based on the haplotype and Gamma analysis, the estimated age of the founding mutation varied from 79 to 196 generations, or approximately 2,000–5,000 years, depending on the markers used in the estimate. The DMLE (Bayesian) estimates ranged from 2,160 generations assuming a population growth rate of 0–309 generations assuming a population growth rate of 2% with broad 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: These results provide insight into the origin of the CLCC1 mutation in the Pakistan population. This mutation is estimated to have occurred 2000–5,000 years ago and has been transmitted to affected families of Pakistani origin in geographically dispersed locations around the world. This is the only mutation in CLCC1 identified to date, suggesting that the CLCC1 gene is under a high degree of constraint, probably imposed by functional requirements for this gene during embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ma
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xun Wang
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nadav Shoshany
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Matlow's Ophthalmo-genetic Laboratory, Shamir Medical Center, Zeriffin, Israel
| | - Xiaodong Jiao
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Adrian Lee
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Gregory Ku
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emma L Baple
- Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - James Fasham
- Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom.,Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), Gladstone Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Raheela Nadeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Naeem
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Riazuddin
- National Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Allama Iqbal Medical College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Amer Riazuddin
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- Research, Innovation, Learning and Development (RILD) Wellcome Wolfson Centre, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - J Fielding Hejtmancik
- Ophthalmic Genetics and Visual Function Branch, National Eye Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Ropers HH, van Karnebeek CD. Rare diseases: human genome research is coming home. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:a006210. [PMID: 35332074 PMCID: PMC8958923 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
After a long and largely disappointing detour, Genome Research has reidentified Rare Diseases as a major opportunity for improving health care and a clue to understanding gene and genome function. In this Special Issue of CSH Molecular Case Studies on Rare Diseases, several invited Perspectives, numerous Case Reports, and this Editorial itself address recent breakthroughs as well as unsolved problems in this wide field. These range from exciting prospects for gap-free diagnostic whole-genome sequencing to persisting problems related to identifying and distinguishing pathogenic and benign variants; and from the good news that soon, the United Kingdom will no longer be the only country to have introduced whole-genome sequencing into health care to the sobering conclusion that in many countries the clinical infrastructure for bringing Genome Medicine to the patient is still lacking. With less than 5000 genes firmly implicated in disease, the identification of at least twice as many disease genes is a major challenge, and the elucidation of their function is an even larger task. But given the renewed interest in rare diseases, their importance for health care, and the vast and growing spectrum of concepts and methods for studying them, the future of Human Genome Research is bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans-Hilger Ropers
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin D-14195, and Institute of Human Genetics, University Medicine, Mainz D-55131, Germany
| | - Clara D van Karnebeek
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, NL-1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Three novel mutations in CYB5R3 gene causing NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme deficiency leads to recessive congenital methaemoglobinemia. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:2141-2147. [PMID: 35064402 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-07031-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methemoglobin is the reduced form of haemoglobin that is normally found in the blood in levels < 1%. Methemoglobinemia can occur as a congenital or acquired disease. Two types of recessive congenital methaemoglobinemia (RCM) are caused by the NADH-dependent cytochrome b5 reductase enzyme deficiency of the CYB5R3 gene. RCM-I is characterized by higher methaemoglobin levels (> 2 g/dL), causing only cyanosis, whereas RCM-II is associated with cyanosis with neurological impairment. METHODS Routine haematological investigations were done by standard method. The methaemoglobin level was evaluated by the potassium ferricyanide assay. NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (cytb5r) enzyme activities were measured by standard methods, and molecular analysis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by DNA sequencing. The interpretation of mutation effect and the molecular modeling were performed by using specific software DEEP VIEW SWISS-PDB VIEWER and Pymol molecular graphics program. RESULTS The present study discovered three novel homozygous pathogenic variants of CYB5R3 causing RCM I and II in four unrelated Indian patients. In patient-1 and patient-2 of RCM type I caused due to novel c.175C>T (p.Arg59Cys) and other reported c.469T>C (p.Phe157Ser) missense pathogenic variants respectively, whereas patient-3 and patient-4 presented with the RCM type II are related to developmental delay with cyanosis since birth due to a novel homozygous (g.25679_25679delA) splice-site deletion and novel homozygous c.824_825insC (p.Pro278ThrfsTer367) single nucleotide insertion. The CYB5R3 transcript levels were estimated by qRT-PCR in the splice-site deletion, which was 0.33fold of normal healthy control. The insertion of nucleotide C resulted in a frameshift of termination codon are associated with neurological impairment. CONCLUSIONS Molecular diagnosis of RCM can help to conduct genetic counselling for novel mutations and, subsequently, prenatal diagnosis of high-risk genetic disorders.
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Saadat M. Morbidity and mortality of COVID-19 negatively associated with the frequency of consanguineous marriages, an ecologic study. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2022; 23:8. [PMID: 37521847 PMCID: PMC8776372 DOI: 10.1186/s43042-022-00218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Union between second cousins and closer relatives is called consanguineous marriage. Consanguineous marriage is associated with increased risk of autosomal recessive diseases and several multifactorial traits. In order to evaluate the association between prevalence/mortality of COVID-19 and the frequency of consanguineous marriage, the present ecologic study was carried out. For the present study, data of prevalence (per 106 people) and mortality (per 106 people) and number of performed laboratory diagnostic test (per 106 people) of COVID-19 disease at four time points (December 2020; March, August and October 2021) of 65 countries were used. Results Univariable correlation and generalized estimating equation analysis were used. In analysis, prevalence and mortality of COVID-19 were used as dependent variables and human development index, number of performed diagnosis test and the mean of inbreeding coefficient (α-value) were introduced into model as covariates, and time point was used as a factor in analysis. The square root (SR) of prevalence (P = 0.008) and SR-mortality (P < 0.001) of COVID-19 negatively associated with the log-transformed of α-value. Conclusions The present finding means that in countries with high levels of consanguineous marriages, the prevalence of COVID-19 and mortality due to COVID-19 were lower than countries having low level of marriage with relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Saadat
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Shiraz University, 71467-13565 Shirazm, Iran
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Neumann K, Mathmann P, Chadha S, Euler HA, White KR. Newborn Hearing Screening Benefits Children, but Global Disparities Persist. J Clin Med 2022; 11:271. [PMID: 35012010 PMCID: PMC8746089 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11010271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is substantial evidence that newborn hearing screening (NHS) reduces the negative sequelae of permanent childhood hearing loss (PCHL) if performed in programs that aim to screen all newborns in a region or nation (often referred to as Universal Newborn Hearing Screening or UNHS). The World Health Organization (WHO) has called in two resolutions for the implementation of such programs and for the collection of large-scale data. To assess the global status of NHS programs we surveyed individuals potentially involved with newborn and infant hearing screening (NIHS) in 196 countries/territories (in the following text referred to as countries). Replies were returned from 158 countries. The results indicated that 38% of the world's newborns and infants had no or minimal hearing screening and 33% screened at least 85% of the babies (hereafter referred to as UNHS). Hearing screening programs varied considerably in quality, data acquisition, and accessibility of services for children with PCHL. In this article, we summarize the main results of the survey in the context of several recent WHO publications, particularly the World Report on Hearing, which defined advances in the implementation of NHS programs in the Member States as one of three key indicators of worldwide progress in ear and hearing care (EHC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Neumann
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (P.M.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Philipp Mathmann
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (P.M.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Shelly Chadha
- Blindness Deafness Prevention, Disability and Rehabilitation Unit, Department for Management of Noncommunicable Diseases, Disability, Violence and Injury Prevention, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Harald A. Euler
- Department of Phoniatrics and Pedaudiology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (P.M.); (H.A.E.)
| | - Karl R. White
- National Center for Hearing Assessment and Management, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA;
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40
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Female parental consanguinity is associated with a reduced ovarian reserve. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:659-666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Is consanguineous marriage related to spousal violence in India? Evidence from the National Family Health Survey, 2015-16. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 54:959-974. [PMID: 34847974 DOI: 10.1017/s0021932021000626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Violence against women is a global phenomenon, and intimate partner violence is the most common form of violence faced by women in the world. Around 30% of women in the world, on average, and 33% in India experience intimate partner violence during their lifetime. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether consanguinity protects women from spousal violence. National Family Health Survey 2015-16 (NFHS-4) data were used. The study sample comprised 60,824 currently married women aged 15-49 years. The results of the logistic regression model showed that the likelihood of all types of spousal violence against women was higher among consanguineous unions compared with non-consanguineous unions in India. The association between consanguineous marriage and spousal violence was found to be positive and significant in the southern and eastern regions of India and among Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. The association was not significant among Muslims. Differences in socio-cultural norms and practices across the regions of India, and among different socio-cultural groups, can perhaps explain these variations. Women belonging in higher age groups, from Other Backward Castes, those who were working and those with a low level of educational attainment and socioeconomic standing had a higher risk of experiencing intimate partner violence. Couples in a consanguineous marriage should be given adequate counselling to reduce intimate partner violence in India, and similarly culturally diverse countries. This would also help reach Target 5.2 of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.
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Versluys TMM, Flintham EO, Mas-Sandoval A, Savolainen V. Why do we pick similar mates, or do we? Biol Lett 2021; 17:20210463. [PMID: 34813721 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2021.0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans often mate with those resembling themselves, a phenomenon described as positive assortative mating (PAM). The causes of this attract broad interest, but there is little agreement on the topic. This may be because empirical studies and reviews sometimes focus on just a few explanations, often based on disciplinary conventions. This review presents an interdisciplinary conceptual framework on the causes of PAM in humans, drawing on human and non-human biology, the social sciences, and the humanities. Viewing causality holistically, we first discuss the proximate causes (i.e. the 'how') of PAM, considering three mechanisms: stratification, convergence and mate choice. We also outline methods to control for confounders when studying mate choice. We then discuss ultimate explanations (i.e. 'the why') for PAM, including adaptive and non-adaptive processes. We conclude by suggesting a focus on interdisciplinarity in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M M Versluys
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan O Flintham
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Mas-Sandoval
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
| | - Vincent Savolainen
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom
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Andrews A, Maharaj A, Cottrell E, Chatterjee S, Shah P, Denvir L, Dumic K, Bossowski A, Mushtaq T, Vukovic R, Didi M, Shaw N, Metherell LA, Savage MO, Storr HL. Genetic Characterization of Short Stature Patients With Overlapping Features of Growth Hormone Insensitivity Syndromes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e4716-e4733. [PMID: 34136918 PMCID: PMC8530715 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Growth hormone insensitivity (GHI) in children is characterized by short stature, functional insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I deficiency, and normal or elevated serum growth hormone (GH) concentrations. The clinical and genetic etiology of GHI is expanding. OBJECTIVE We undertook genetic characterization of short stature patients referred with suspected GHI and features which overlapped with known GH-IGF-I axis defects. METHODS Between 2008 and 2020, our center received 149 GHI referrals for genetic testing. Genetic analysis utilized a combination of candidate gene sequencing, whole exome sequencing, array comparative genomic hybridization, and a targeted whole genome short stature gene panel. RESULTS Genetic diagnoses were identified in 80/149 subjects (54%) with 45/80 (56%) having known GH-IGF-I axis defects (GHR n = 40, IGFALS n = 4, IGFIR n = 1). The remaining 35/80 (44%) had diagnoses of 3M syndrome (n = 10) (OBSL1 n = 7, CUL7 n = 2, and CCDC8 n = 1), Noonan syndrome (n = 4) (PTPN11 n = 2, SOS1 n = 1, and SOS2 n = 1), Silver-Russell syndrome (n = 2) (loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 and uniparental disomy for chromosome 7), Class 3-5 copy number variations (n = 10), and disorders not previously associated with GHI (n = 9) (Barth syndrome, autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type II, achondroplasia, glycogen storage disease type IXb, lysinuric protein intolerance, multiminicore disease, macrocephaly, alopecia, cutis laxa, and scoliosis syndrome, and Bloom syndrome). CONCLUSION We report the wide range of diagnoses in 149 patients referred with suspected GHI, which emphasizes the need to recognize GHI as a spectrum of clinical entities in undiagnosed short stature patients. Detailed clinical and genetic assessment may identify a diagnosis and inform clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afiya Andrews
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Emily Cottrell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sumana Chatterjee
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Peadiatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Białystok, Poland
| | | | - Rade Vukovic
- Mother and Child Health Care Institute of Serbia, “Dr Vukan Cupic”, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Nick Shaw
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Martin O Savage
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen L Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Correspondence: Professor Helen L. Storr, Professor and Honorary Consultant in Paediatric Endocrinology, Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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He Y, Xie RG, Lou JW, Li YW, Wang CL, Zhang VW, Li DZ. Exome-based preconception carrier testing for consanguineous couples in China. Prenat Diagn 2021; 41:1425-1429. [PMID: 34486758 DOI: 10.1002/pd.6018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of clinical exome sequencing (ES)-based carrier screening in Chinese consanguineous couples. METHODS Consanguineous couples were screened for autosomal recessive (AR) disorders using the clinical ES of 5000 genes associated with human diseases. RESULTS We recruited 14 couples who elected to have sequencing. One couple was related as first cousins and 13 as second cousins. Both partners carrying the same pathogenic variant were detected in four couples. One couple was found in which one partner carried a splice variant, and the other had a missence variant of the same gene. These five couples were identified as being at risk of having a child affected by an AR disorder. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that ES-based preconception screening yields a clinical value for Chinese consanguineous couples. It enables to detect at-risk couples for rare AR diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Dongguan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Run-Gui Xie
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Dongguan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Wu Lou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Unit, Dongguan Women and Children Healthcare Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Amcare Genomic Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Li Wang
- Amcare Genomic Laboratory, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Dong-Zhi Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Kemmanu V, Tayde P, Venkatesh R, Sindhu K, Keshavardhini BB, Bhanumathi M, Shetty N. Clinical profile and error of inclusion and exclusion in schools for the blind in Bangalore and a review of literature. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:2027-2032. [PMID: 34304171 PMCID: PMC8482921 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3725_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the causes of severe visual impairment and blindness in children in schools for the blind in the city of Bangalore, Karnataka and to determine the error of inclusion and exclusion from these schools. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Children in four schools for the blind were subjected to a detailed ophthalmic evaluation. The World Health Organization Program for Prevention of Blindness low-vision form was used to collect data. To know the educational background of children with visual disability of 40% or more (best-corrected visual acuity of ≤6/24 in the better eye), not in schools for the blind, we collected data by telephonic conversation after procuring their phone numbers from our low-vision clinic. Results: One-hundred-seventy-eight children were examined. The major site of anomaly causing blindness in 31% of children was optic nerve, followed by retina (24%), cornea (23%), and whole globe (22%). Avoidable blindness was 35.42%. Thirteen percent of the children with no visual disability were incorrectly enrolled in blind schools. We were able to contact 92 children with a visual disability of ≥40%. Seventy-eight children (84.78%) attended regular schools; these schools were bereft of a specially trained teacher to look after the needs of the blind. Conclusion: Avoidable blindness is still a cause for concern. Children should undergo eye-examination before being enrolled in schools for the blind to avoid errors of inclusion. Though integrated education for children with vision disability is a good approach, it requires teachers trained in teaching skills particular to blindness. Education for the visually impaired in India needs a major revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Kemmanu
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Priti Tayde
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ramesh Venkatesh
- Department of Vitreo-Retina Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - K Sindhu
- Department of Vision Rehabilitation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - B B Keshavardhini
- Department of Vision Rehabilitation, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Bhanumathi
- Department of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Naren Shetty
- Department of Cataract and Refractive Services, Narayana Nethralaya, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Zayed AA, Amarin JZ, Al-Ani AT, Altell TL, Abdelhamid SS, Qirem MM, Fahmawi SM, Elshebli SM, Hamo KM, Zaghlol LY, Tierney ME, Zayed JA, Haghighi A. Association of Parental Consanguinity With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e2769-e2774. [PMID: 33585882 PMCID: PMC8208659 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common type of nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma. Uncommonly, PTC is associated with multiple genetic alterations and chromosomal abnormalities and displays familial patterns of inheritance. Parental consanguinity increases susceptibility to many genetic disorders. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate the association of parental consanguinity with PTC. METHODS This case-control study of PTC patients compared with healthy controls took place in a tertiary referral hospital. We recruited 200 PTC patients who were managed at the endocrinology outpatient clinics of the Jordan University Hospital, and we recruited 515 healthy controls from a nonclinical setting. We interviewed all participants and collected sociodemographic data. We reviewed the family pedigrees of each participant four generations back and excluded any participant who was related. We established whether the parents of each participant were first cousins, first cousins once removed, second cousins, or unrelated. We then used binary logistic regression to assess the association of parental consanguinity with PTC adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, body mass index, and parental education. RESULTS We recruited 715 participants. The numbers of PTC patients and healthy controls were 200 (28.0%) and 515 (72.0%), respectively. The rate of parental consanguinity was 25.5% in PTC patients and 12.2% in healthy controls. Parental consanguinity was significantly associated with PTC (adjusted odds ratio, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.63-4.17; P < .001). CONCLUSION Parental consanguinity is a risk factor for PTC. Our findings should be considered during familial risk assessment and genetic counseling, especially in populations with high rates of consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman A Zayed
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Tareq L Altell
- Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Murad M Qirem
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Khair M Hamo
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | | | | | - Jana A Zayed
- The University of Jordan School of Medicine, Amman, Jordan
| | - Alireza Haghighi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Dental Anomalies in Consanguineous Marriage: A Clinical-Radiological Study. Int Dent J 2021; 72:133-140. [PMID: 34011434 PMCID: PMC9275205 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to evaluate nonsyndromic developmental dental anomalies (DDAs) in individuals born from consanguineous and nonconsanguineous marriages and the possible effects of these marriages on self-reported systemic diseases. Methods The study comprised a total of 880 patients aged 16 years or older who applied to our clinic for various dental problems. Based on detailed anamnesis, the patients were divided into 2 groups: individuals born from consanguineous (study group, n = 445) and nonconsanguineous (control group, n = 435) marriages. The parents’ consanguinity type was also recorded, as well as the presence of any self-reported systemic diseases. The number, size, erupted, and morphological DDA types were investigated with both clinical and radiological examinations. All data from the 2 groups were recorded, and a statistical analysis was performed. Results There was a statistically significant relationship between the consanguineous marriage and the size (microdontia), and morphological (dilaceration and taurodontism) DDA types. Additionally, a significant relationship was found between consanguineous marriage and self-reported systemic disease but not between the parents’ consanguinity type and systemic disease. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that consanguineous marriage affects DDAs.
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Traver S, Geoffray MM, Mazières L, Geneviève D, Michelon C, Picot MC, Baghdadli A. Association between prenatal and perinatal factors and the severity of clinical presentation of children with ASD: Report from the ELENA COHORT. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:634-642. [PMID: 33187690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have suggested that prenatal and perinatal factors increase the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, few reports have addressed the question of their influence on the severity of the clinical presentation of children with ASD. Our objective was to determine the prenatal and perinatal factors that are associated with the severity of autistic symptoms and intellectual and adaptive functioning deficits. Data were collected from a subset of 169 children with a confirmed diagnosis of ASD, recruited from the ELENA cohort. A risk of premature delivery was associated, with an increased risk for severe autistic symptoms and placental pathologies and birth complications were associated with an increased risk of communication adaptive deficits, in multivariate analysis. Our results highlight the importance of systematic screening for these pre/perinatal factors, especially in mothers at risk of having a child with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Traver
- Department of Psychiatry and Autism Resources Center, University Research and Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Maude Geoffray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre Hospitalier le Vinatier, Bron, France
| | - Lucile Mazières
- Department of Psychiatry and Autism Resources Center, University Research and Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | - David Geneviève
- Département of Medical Genetics, CHRU de Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Michelon
- Department of Psychiatry and Autism Resources Center, University Research and Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Amaria Baghdadli
- Department of Psychiatry and Autism Resources Center, University Research and Hospital Center (CHU) of Montpellier, 34000, Montpellier, France; U1178, INSERM, Research Center in Epidemiology and Population Health, Villejuif, France.
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El Sabeh M, Kassir MF, Ghanem P, Saifi O, El Hadi D, Khalifeh Y, Akkawi AR, Ghabach M, Chaaya M, Nemer G, Abbas O, Kurban M. Consanguinity rates among Syrian refugees in Lebanon: a study on genetic awareness. J Biosoc Sci 2021; 53:356-366. [PMID: 32398189 DOI: 10.1017/s002193202000022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Consanguineous marriage is a deeply rooted tradition in the Arab world. Such marriages are linked to higher rates of recessive genetic diseases. During the Syrian conflict, which started in 2011, around one million Syrian individuals became refugees in Lebanon. This study assessed the consanguinity rates among Syrian refugees living in Lebanon up to three successive consanguineous generations, and examined refugees' awareness of the possible consequences of consanguineous marriage and their attitudes towards consanguinity. Their knowledge of, and access to, premarital screening was also assessed. The study was conducted between January and May 2018. Several study sites representing refugees' distribution within the country were chosen. The study sample included 1008 interviewees from different families. Of those interviewed, 51.9% were in a consanguineous marriage. Interestingly, 23.9% were the product of consanguineous marriages themselves, and 17.9% were consanguineous for three successive generations. The interviewees generally knew about premarital screening, but the majority (61.9%) had not had the screening. The high rates of consanguinity in these Syrian refugees call for immediate action, including raising genetic awareness and providing appropriate genetic counselling. Despite the respondents' familiarity with premarital screening, there was a low rate of uptake of the test, underscoring the importance of providing better education to these refugees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malak El Sabeh
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Paola Ghanem
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omran Saifi
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Dalia El Hadi
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yara Khalifeh
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Marc Ghabach
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Monique Chaaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Georges Nemer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
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Alqadi KS, Rammal SA, Alam ME, Alshahrani AM, Baeesa SS, Kayyali HR, Babtain FA, Al-Said YA. Consanguinity in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to hippocampal sclerosis in a Saudi population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 25:276-280. [PMID: 33130813 PMCID: PMC8015614 DOI: 10.17712/nsj.2020.4.20200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate if there is an association between consanguinity and hippocampal sclerosis (HS) in the Saudi population. Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted by assessing the prevalence of consanguinity in patients with pathologically proven HS, who underwent epilepsy surgery at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between January 2004 and December 2015. We reviewed the medical records to extract data, which included; age, gender, duration of epilepsy, history of febrile seizure, family history of epilepsy in a first or second-degree relative, and pathology reports. Results: A total of 120 patients, out of which 40 patients (65% male) having mesial temporal lobe epilepsy due to HS, and 80 controls (56% male) with cryptogenic epilepsy, were identified. Twenty-two patients (53.5%) in the HS group had a history of consanguinity. In the control group, 30 patients (37.5%) had a history of consanguinity. The odds ratio was 2.04 (95% confidence interval = 0.94 - 4.4, p = 0.052). A family history of epilepsy was found in 28% of the patients with HS and 32.5% cryptogenic epilepsy. Only 8 patients (19.5%) with HS reported a history of febrile seizure. Conclusion: Our retrospective case-control study suggests that consanguinity might increase the likelihood of developing HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid S Alqadi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
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