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Teles FRF, Chandrasekaran G, Martin L, Patel M, Kallan MJ, Furquim C, Hamza T, Cucchiara AJ, Kantarci A, Urquhart O, Sugai J, Giannobile WV. Salivary and serum inflammatory biomarkers during periodontitis progression and after treatment. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 39104016 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.14048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
AIM To identify serum- and salivary-derived inflammatory biomarkers of periodontitis progression and determine their response to non-surgical treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Periodontally healthy (H; n = 113) and periodontitis patients (P; n = 302) were monitored bi-monthly for 1 year without therapy. Periodontitis patients were re-examined 6 months after non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT). Participants were classified according to disease progression: P0 (no sites progressed; P1: 1-2 sites progressed; P2: 3 or more sites progressed). Ten salivary and five serum biomarkers were measured using Luminex. Log-transformed levels were compared over time according to baseline diagnosis, progression trajectory and after NSPT. Significant differences were sought using linear mixed models. RESULTS P2 presented higher levels (p < .05) of salivary IFNγ, IL-6, VEGF, IL-1β, MMP-8, IL-10 and OPG over time. Serum analytes were not associated with progression. NSPT led to clinical improvement and significant reduction of IFNγ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β, MMP-8, IL-10, OPG and MMP-9 in saliva and of CRP, MMP-8, MMP-9 and MPO in serum. CONCLUSIONS Periodontitis progression results from a sustained pro-inflammatory milieu that is reflected in salivary biomarkers, but less so in serum, likely because of the limited amount of progression per patient. NSPT can significantly decrease the levels of several salivary analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia R F Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry (CiPD), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ganesh Chandrasekaran
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lynn Martin
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michele Patel
- Multiplex Core, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael J Kallan
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Camila Furquim
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology, Dental Research Division, University of Guarulhos, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tahir Hamza
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew J Cucchiara
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (CCEB), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Multiplex Core, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olivia Urquhart
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Integrative Global Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James Sugai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Németh O, Sipos L, Mátrai P, Szathmári-Mészáros N, Iványi D, Simon F, Kivovics M, Pénzes D, Mijiritsky E. Snus Use in Adolescents: A Threat to Oral Health. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4235. [PMID: 39064277 PMCID: PMC11277688 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Snus consumption is increasingly popular, mainly among the youth, due to the promotion of the tobacco industry and the lack of knowledge regarding its adverse effects. Even though some of its systemic complications are common knowledge, the oral consequences are rarely known. Aim: Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the oral health effects of snus consumption among a highly exposed group of adolescent athletes. Design: Participants received an interactive presentation, followed by interviews and dental screenings by young doctors to establish trust. They were categorized into groups based on the frequency of snus usage. The oral hygiene habits and status, snus consumption habits, and awareness about its adverse effects were evaluated. Results: Statistically significantly (p < 0.05), more regular snus users experience gum bleeding while tooth brushing than nonusers (60% and 37%, p = 0.004). Snus consumption and poor oral hygiene have a cumulative effect on oral health. Some young athletes experience ulcerous oral mucosal lesions coinciding with snus placement. Nonusers exhibit greater awareness of the adverse effects of snus than regular users (27% and 49%). Conclusions: Regular snus use negatively affects oral health, especially the gums. Early education is of the utmost importance in preventing snus usage by raising awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Németh
- Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary (M.K.); (D.P.)
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Sipos
- Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátrai
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | | | - Dóra Iványi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary (M.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Fanni Simon
- Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary (M.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Márton Kivovics
- Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary (M.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Dorottya Pénzes
- Department of Community Dentistry, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary (M.K.); (D.P.)
| | - Eitan Mijiritsky
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 64239, Israel
- Goldschleger School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 39040, Israel
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He T, Grender J, Farrell S, Biesbrock AR. Relationship between 1-, 3-, and 6-Month Gingival Bleeding Outcomes. JDR Clin Trans Res 2024; 9:286-293. [PMID: 37919970 DOI: 10.1177/23800844231206387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Results from systematic reviews and meta-analyses show generally consistent antigingivitis effects between 3- and 6-mo observation time points with twice-daily use of stannous fluoride (SnF2) dentifrice. However, the relationship between 1-, 3-, and 6-mo gingivitis responses has not been investigated. METHODS This pooled analysis was conducted to understand the relationship of 1-, 3-, and 6-mo gingival bleeding outcomes. Number of bleeding sites, derived from Löe-Silness Gingival Index (LSGI) or Gingival Bleeding Index, was identified as the primary end point of the analysis for the biological and clinical relevance. Randomized, double-blinded, controlled clinical studies meeting the following predefined selection criteria were identified: 1) published and unpublished gingivitis clinical trials conducted from 1995 to 2022 comparing efficacy of 0.454% SnF2 dentifrices to negative controls (sodium fluoride or sodium monofluorophosphate dentifrice) and 2) studies with a 3-mo assessment and at least a 1- or 6-mo assessment. RESULTS The search resulted in ten 6-mo and fourteen 3-mo studies meeting selection criteria. A mixed-effects model was performed on the pooled data to assess gingival bleeding outcomes across time. The bleeding efficacy significantly increased between months 1 and 3 (P < 0.0001) and plateaued between months 3 and 6 (P = 0.007), supporting the fact that bleeding reduction relative to control established by 1 mo will increase and be maintained through 3 and 6 mo (R2 = 0.857). In addition, gingival bleeding and gingivitis efficacy, as measured by LSGI, were found to be highly correlated (R2 = 0.874). CONCLUSION A clear relationship has been demonstrated between 1-, 3-, and 6-mo gingival bleeding outcomes in gingivitis clinical studies comparing SnF2 dentifrice to negative control dentifrice. These findings have important implications to the dental practice and scientific research as antigingivitis efficacy evaluations can be observed as early as 1 mo and are consistent with those seen at 3 or 6 mo. KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT Outcomes from this investigation indicate that the clinical evaluation of antigingivitis efficacy at 1 mo is predictive of that at 3 and 6 mo, supporting studies of 1-mo duration as a viable method of knowledge acquisition. This more efficient, expedited research design has positive implications for patient care, clinical practice guidelines, protocols, and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T He
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - J Grender
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
| | - S Farrell
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, OH, USA
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Chen X, Niu W, Hu G, Chen C. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses of three different gargles in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302592. [PMID: 38717998 PMCID: PMC11078434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the economics of three different gargles in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. METHODS A total of 108 patients with periodontitis received one of the following three gargles: xipayi, compound chlorhexidine, or Kangfuxin gargle. The basic information of the patients, the costs of the gargles, the periodontal indexes before and after treatment, and the scores of the 3-level version of the EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire were collected. The cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of the various gargles were determined. RESULTS The cost-effectiveness ratios (CER) of the three groups after treatment were 1828.75, 1573.34, and 1876.92 RMB, respectively. The utility values before treatment were 0.92, 0.90, and 0.91, respectively, and the utility values after treatment were 0.98, 0.98, and 0.97, respectively. The cost-utility ratios (CURs) were 213.43, 195.61, and 301.53 RMB, respectively. CONCLUSIONS For each increase in effective rate and quality-adjusted life years, the treatment cost of periodontitis patients was lower than the gross domestic product per capita of Jiangsu Province, indicating that the treatment cost is completely worth it. The CER and CUR results were the same, and the compound chlorhexidine group was the lowest, demonstrating that when the same therapeutic effect was achieved, it cost the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Department of Jiangsu, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Niu
- Department of Jiangsu, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guangyu Hu
- Department of Jiangsu, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, China
| | - Changfeng Chen
- Department of Jiangsu, Xuzhou Stomatological Hospital, Xuzhou, China
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Hooshiar MH, Moghaddam MA, Kiarashi M, Al-Hijazi AY, Hussein AF, A Alrikabi H, Salari S, Esmaelian S, Mesgari H, Yasamineh S. Recent advances in nanomaterial-based biosensor for periodontitis detection. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:28. [PMID: 38637787 PMCID: PMC11027550 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition caused by bacteria, often causes gradual destruction of the components that support teeth, such as the alveolar bone, cementum, periodontal ligament, and gingiva. This ultimately results in teeth becoming loose and eventually falling out. Timely identification has a crucial role in preventing and controlling its progression. Clinical measures are used to diagnose periodontitis. However, now, there is a hunt for alternative diagnostic and monitoring methods due to the progress of technology. Various biomarkers have been assessed using multiple bodily fluids as sample sources. Furthermore, conventional periodontal categorization factors do not provide significant insights into the present disease activity, severity and amount of tissue damage, future development, and responsiveness to treatment. In recent times, there has been a growing utilization of nanoparticle (NP)-based detection strategies to create quick and efficient detection assays. Every single one of these platforms leverages the distinct characteristics of NPs to identify periodontitis. Plasmonic NPs include metal NPs, quantum dots (QDs), carbon base NPs, and nanozymes, exceptionally potent light absorbers and scatterers. These find application in labeling, surface-enhanced spectroscopy, and color-changing sensors. Fluorescent NPs function as photostable and sensitive instruments capable of labeling various biological targets. This article presents a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the effective utilization of various NPs to detect periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masoud Amiri Moghaddam
- Assistant Professor of Periodontics, Dental Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kiarashi
- College of Dentistry, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | | | | | - Hareth A Alrikabi
- Collage of Dentist, National University of Science and Technology, Dhi Qar, 64001, Iraq
| | - Sara Salari
- Doctor of Dental Surgery, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Esfahan, Iran
| | - Samar Esmaelian
- Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Mesgari
- Department, Faculty of Dentistry Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saman Yasamineh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
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Manzoor M, Leskelä J, Pietiäinen M, Martinez-Majander N, Könönen E, Niiranen T, Lahti L, Sinisalo J, Putaala J, Pussinen PJ, Paju S. Shotgun metagenomic analysis of the oral microbiome in gingivitis: a nested case-control study. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2330867. [PMID: 38528961 PMCID: PMC10962305 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2330867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gingivitis, i.e. inflammation of the gums, is often induced by dentalplaque. However, its exact link to the oral microbiota remains unclear. Methods In a case-control study involving 120 participants, comprising 60 cases and 60 controls (mean age (SD) 36.6 (7.6) years; 50% males), nested within a prospective multicentre cohort study, we examined theoral microbiome composition of gingivitis patients and their controlsusing shotgun metagenomic sequencing of saliva samples. Participants underwent clinical and radiographic oral health examinations, including bleeding on probing (BOP), at six tooth sites. BOP ≥33%was considered 'generalized gingivitis/initial periodontitis'(GG/IP), and BOP <33% as 'healthy and localized gingivitis'(H/LG). Functional potential was inferred using HUMANn3. Results GG/IP exhibited an increase in the abundance of Actinomyces, Porphyromonas, Aggregatibacter, Corynebacterium, Olsenella, and Treponema, whereas H/LG exhibited an increased abundance of Candidatus Nanosynbacter. Nineteen bacterial species and fourmicrobial functional profiles, including L-methionine, glycogen, andinosine-5'-phosphate biosynthesis, were associated with GG/IP. Constructing models with multiple markers resulted in a strong predictive value for GG/IP, with an area under the curve (ROC) of 0.907 (95% CI: 0.848-0.966). Conclusion We observed distinct differences in the oral microbiome between the GG/IP and H/LG groups, indicating similar yet unique microbial profiles and emphasizing their potential role in progression of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Manzoor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Leskelä
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Milla Pietiäinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Industrial Biotechnology and Food Protein Production, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Eija Könönen
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Teemu Niiranen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Central Hospital, and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Pirkko J. Pussinen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Susanna Paju
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Lang NP, Schätzle M, Ramseier CA. Natural history of periodontal disease: The original Sri Lanka and Oslo studies. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 38520126 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Susceptibility to periodontal disease depends on individual factors within the host response to the bacterial challenge. The study of these factors requires longitudinal studies of an undisturbed development of the disease process. On the basis of the original longitudinal studies on the natural histology of periodontal disease staged in Sri Lanka and Oslo/Norway, several analyses of periodontal parameters and tooth status have been performed. The main findings were that in the first 20 years of complete absence of oral hygiene practices or preventive services attachment was lost at various rates. Three groups of subjects could be identified: rapidly progressing (RP) (8%), moderately progressing (MP) (81%), and subjects with no disease progression (NP) (11%). In the second two decades, the RP subjects have lost most of their teeth and no NP patients were identified anymore. The progression rate in these two decades was much slower, and the tooth mortality decreased. It could be predicted that subjects who had lost more than 2 mm at age 30 would not maintain a functional dentition at age 60. The corresponding control population in Oslo was used to study the influence of gingival inflammation on the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. The pattern and rates of attachment loss were identified in a population that was exposed to optimal and regular preventive services from age 3 onward. In the observation period of 26 years, it could be demonstrated that gingival inflammation varied little throughout adult life and always bleeding sites occurred consistently in 10% to 20%. The role of ongoing gingivitis in the pathogenesis of attachment loss was identified and also reflected stability whenever it was absent. Tooth mortality was only found in subjects with ongoing gingivitis. After 50 years of tooth age, 63% of the teeth were still maintained, while 99.8% were maintained after 50 years when gingival inflammation had been absent. Consequently, continuous gingivitis represented a risk factor for tooth loss.
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Peron PF, Wehrbein H, Mundethu A, Schmidtmann I, Erbe C. Clinical parameters and inflammatory biomarkers among patients with multibracket appliances: a prospective clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:308. [PMID: 38443926 PMCID: PMC10913366 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03995-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aim of the presented study was to investigate changes in clinical parameters and active matrix metalloproteinase-8 (aMMP-8) levels in gingival crevicular fluid of patients before and during treatment with multibrackets appliances. METHODS Fifty-five adolescents scheduled for the treatment were included. Clinical parameters and subgingival samples were obtained at six time points: 1 week before appliance insertion (T0), 3 (T1), 6 (T2) weeks, 3 (T3), 6 (T4) months, and 1 year (T5) after that. Gingival index and plaque index were assessed to evaluated changes on the clinical status. Subgingival samples were collected to analyze changes in aMMP-8. RESULTS Scores for gingival and plaque index increased after bracket insertion. The gingival index increased from T2 (p < 0.05) until T5 (p < 0.0001). Plaque index also increased, reaching its maximum peak at T3 (p < 0.05). Moreover, an increase of aMMP-8 levels (p < 0.05) was noted. There was no significant between upper and lower jaws. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with multibracket appliances in adolescents favors dental plaque accumulation and may transitionally increase gingival and plaque index and aMMP-8 levels leading to gingival inflammation, even 1 year after therapy began. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the dental medical association Rheiland-Pfalz, Germany (process no. 837.340.12 (8441-F)), and followed the guidelines of Good Clinical Practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferrari Peron
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Heinrich Wehrbein
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ambili Mundethu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Irene Schmidtmann
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Obere Zahlbacher Str. 69, 55131, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina Erbe
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany
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Siddiqui R, Badran Z, Boghossian A, Alharbi AM, Alfahemi H, Khan NA. The increasing importance of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Future Sci OA 2023; 9:FSO856. [PMID: 37621848 PMCID: PMC10445586 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, the aim is to discuss the current knowledge of microbiome and periodontal diseases. Current treatment strategies include mechanical therapy such as root planing, scaling, deep pocket debridement and antimicrobial chemotherapy as an adjuvant therapy. Among promising therapeutic strategies, dental probiotics and oral microbiome transplantation have gained attention, and may be used to treat bacterial imbalances by competing with pathogenic bacteria for nutrients and adhesion surfaces, as well as probiotics targeting the gut microbiome. Development of strategies to prevent and treat periodontal diseases are warranted as both are highly prevalent and can affect human health. Further studies are necessary to better comprehend the microbiome in order to develop innovative preventative measures as well as efficacious therapies against periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
| | - Zahi Badran
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Preventive & Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anania Boghossian
- College of Arts & Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 26666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad M Alharbi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Alfahemi
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Istinye University, Istanbul, 34010, Turkey
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Harris J, Malaiappan S, S R. The Development and Evaluation of Melatonin-Loaded, Calcium Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Neem and Clove Extract: An In Vitro Study. Cureus 2023; 15:e46293. [PMID: 37915867 PMCID: PMC10616532 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.46293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Various local drug delivery systems have been tried so far to target microorganisms responsible for periodontitis. However, none of them were effective enough to destroy the periodontal pathogens. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of melatonin-loaded, calcium oxide nanoparticles-based neem and clove extract against oral pathogens to be further used as a local delivery agent. Methodology Powdered fresh neem leaves and clove buds were weighed, added to double distilled water, and then boiled for half an hour. Boiling helps in activating the phytochemicals present in the extract. The solution was boiled further to obtain a concentrated solution. To this 0.241 g of melatonin powder dissolved in 10 mL of double distilled water was added to the previous mixture and left undisturbed in a stirrer overnight. Results The properties of the extract such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, and embryonic toxicology were studied. In the case of antimicrobial activity, at 100 μg/mL, the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was the highest at 18 ± 0.16 μg/mL and the lowest at 13 ± 0.3 at 25 μg/mL for Candida albicans. Similarly, at 100 μg/mL, the ZOI was the highest at 15 ± 0.25 μg/mL and the lowest was 13 ± 0.12 at 25 μg/mL for Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Similarly, in the case of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, they showed increased activity with increased concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 μg/mL. Conclusions This study proves that melatonin-added extracts have antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic properties which are almost equal to that of the standard. This indicates that they can be possibly further used as local delivery drugs. Further animal or cell line studies should be conducted before experimenting this is in clinical trials for periodontitis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnisha Harris
- Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Sankari Malaiappan
- Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Rajeshkumar S
- Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Ayoobi F, Salari Sedigh S, Khalili P, Sharifi Z, Hakimi H, Sardari F, Jamali Z. Dyslipidemia, diabetes and periodontal disease, a cross-sectional study in Rafsanjan, a region in southeast Iran. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:549. [PMID: 37563720 PMCID: PMC10416538 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03262-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
THE OBJECTIVES The association between dyslipidemia, diabetes and alterations in periodontal health are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine the association between dyslipidemia, diabetes and periodontal disease in the Oral Health Branch of Rafsanjan Cohort Study (OHBRCS). METHODS Rafsanjan Cohort Study (RCS) was launched in 2015 in Rafsanjan City a region in the southeast of Iran. A total of 8682 participants aged 35-70 years of both gender were recruited into the OHBRCS as a part of RCS. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and Clinical attachment loss (CAL) were used to assess periodontal health status. When CAL progression was ≥ 1 mm and PPD was > 3 mm, it was defined as periodontitis. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 6751 individuals with mean age of 47.67 ± 8.79 years. Among this population, 73.32% (n = 4949), 13.75% (n = 928), 59.67% (n = 4028) and 11.76% (n = 794) had BOP, PPD > 3 mm, CAL ≥ 1 mm and periodontitis respectively. The odds of CAL ≥ 1 mm increased 14% in subjects with high LDL cholesterol (OR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), 17% in subjects with diabetes (OR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.01-1.36) and 23% in subjects with both dyslipidemia and diabetes (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.05-1.44). Also, the odds of PPD > 3 mm in the group with high total cholesterol (TC) was 16% higher compared to those with normal TC (OR: 1.16; 95% CI: 1.01-1.34). CONCLUSIONS There was an increased odds in periodontal disease in association with high TC, high LDL cholesterol, diabetes and having both dyslipidemia and diabetes. This suggests that high TC, high LDL cholesterol, diabetes and having both dyslipidemia and diabetes might be potential indicators for the presence of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ayoobi
- Occupational Safety and Health Research Center, NICICO, World Safety Organization and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Moradi Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Somaye Salari Sedigh
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Parvin Khalili
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Sharifi
- Department of Pediateric Dentistry, Dental School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Hakimi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Microbiology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Farimah Sardari
- Department of Oral Medicine, Dental School, Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Jamali
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Clinical Research Development Unit (CRDU), Niknafs Hospital, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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12
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Modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2022. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2022-7.5-2.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, an analysis of modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases was carried out. The review highlights the data on the relationship of periodontal infection, tobacco smoking, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, drug-induced periodontal tissue damage, stress, and obesity with the risk of developing and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. A rather detailed analysis of the mechanisms of pathogenic influence of the microflora of the oral cavity, including in the subgingival plaque, was carried out. The mechanisms of the pathological effect of smoking on the state of periodontal tissues are described. Data on the effect of periodontal treatment on glycemic control in patients with diabetes mellitus are presented. The article emphasizes the importance of the presence of periodontal diseases as a risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, describes the mechanisms of the mutual influence of cardiovascular pathology and the inflammatory process in the periodontium. In addition, the article presents the possibilities of the iatrogenic effect of systemic drugs on the state of periodontal tissues. The data on the influence of stress loads on the development of dental diseases are presented. The review article describes in detail the mechanisms of influence of overweight and obesity on the risks of development and progression of periodontal tissue diseases. Based on the results of the scientific research publications presented in the article, it can be stated that not only the dentist, but also doctors of other specialties need to work to change the modifiable risk factors for the development and progression of periodontal diseases.
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13
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Merle CL, Wuestenfeld JC, Fenkse F, Wolfarth B, Haak R, Schmalz G, Ziebolz D. The Significance of Oral Inflammation in Elite Sports: A Narrative Review. Sports Med Int Open 2022; 6:E69-E79. [PMID: 36643596 PMCID: PMC9839431 DOI: 10.1055/a-1964-8538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been intense discussion about sports dentistry and potential interactions between oral health and athletes' performance. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available literature about oral inflammation in sports. For this purpose, it presents the most common types of oral inflammation (gingivitis, periodontitis, pericoronitis, apical periodontitis), and their prevalence in athletes. Both the impact of oral inflammation on performance and causes for oral inflammation in athletes are discussed by presenting current literature. Finally, international recommendations for dental care in sports are presented. Several studies stated a high prevalence of oral inflammation in athletes, especially of gingivitis (58-97%) and periodontitis (41%). Also, many athletes report oral pain (17-30%) and a negative impact of oral health on training (3-9%). Besides this, a systemic impact of oral inflammation is discussed: In periodontitis patients, blood parameters and physical fitness are changed. In athletes, associations between muscle injuries and poor oral health are reported. There are deficits in oral health behavior. Furthermore, systemic changes due to physical stress could influence oral tissues. Overall, complex bidirectional interactions between competitive sports and oral inflammation are possible. Regular dental examinations and prevention strategies should be implemented in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Leonie Merle
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.,Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan C Wuestenfeld
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Fenkse
- Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bernd Wolfarth
- Department of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Scientific Training, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Sports Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Oral, Craniomaxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rainer Haak
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gerhard Schmalz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Ziebolz
- Department of Cariology, Endodontology and Periodontology, University of Leipzig Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig, Germany
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14
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Chatzopoulos GS, Karakostas P, Kavakloglou S, Assimopoulou A, Barmpalexis P, Tsalikis L. Clinical Effectiveness of Herbal Oral Care Products in Periodontitis Patients: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10061. [PMID: 36011693 PMCID: PMC9408146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of herbal products in oral cavity has shown an increased popularity and potential benefits due to their additional anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties as well as the lack of side effects related to their use. OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical effectiveness of herbal dental products (mouthwash, dentifrice, gel) when compared to conventional products or placebo in periodontitis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic review with 22 studies was carried out using MEDLINE/Pubmed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases in addition to hand searches. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials that evaluated the effect of any herbal dental product and compared it with conventional products or placebo in periodontitis patients and published up to March 2022, were screened. RESULTS Herbal products used as adjuncts to scaling and root planing (SRP) or supragingival debridement (SPD) led to superior clinical outcomes than placebo or no adjuncts (8 studies). In conjunction with SRP, these products showed comparable outcomes with chlorhexidine (6 studies) or better (4 studies). When used as adjuncts to SPD, herbal oral care products demonstrated comparable outcomes with chlorhexidine and conventional products (4 studies). CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this systematic review, herbal oral care products may play a key role in the management of periodontal disease. Further well-designed studies are needed to establish their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios S. Chatzopoulos
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences, Division of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Panagiotis Karakostas
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stefania Kavakloglou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- 424 General Military Training Hospital, 56429 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreana Assimopoulou
- School of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Barmpalexis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tsalikis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, School of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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15
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Ide M, Karimova M, Setterfield J. Oral Health, Antimicrobials and Care for Patients With Chronic Oral Diseases – A Review of Knowledge and Treatment Strategies. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2022; 3:866695. [PMID: 35747534 PMCID: PMC9210540 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.866695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal and chronic oral mucosal diseases are significant life impacting conditions which may co-exist and synergistically act to cause more severe and widespread oral pathology with enhanced challenges in effective management. Clinicians regularly observe these effects and struggle to effectively manage both problems in many patients. There is limited understanding of many basic and applied scientific elements underpinning potentially shared aetiopathological features and management. Recent developments in translational science provide an opportunity to greater improve knowledge and subsequently care for patients with these problems.
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16
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Roi C, Gaje PN, Ceaușu RA, Roi A, Rusu LC, Boia ER, Boia S, Luca RE, Riviș M. Heterogeneity of Blood Vessels and Assessment of Microvessel Density-MVD in Gingivitis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:2758. [PMID: 35628885 PMCID: PMC9144308 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gingivitis is a very common oral disease highly prevalent in adults that, if left untreated, can progress to periodontitis. It involves a complex and slow interaction between the host response and the oral microbiome represented by the dental plaque. The inflammation of the gingiva is associated with the activation of pathological angiogenesis and the existence of a high number of newly formed blood vessels quantified as microvessel density (MVD). The present study includes a number of 51 gingival biopsies from patients with different gingival indexes (GI): GI = 0, n = 12; GI = 1, n = 15; GI = 2, n = 16; and GI = 3, n = 8, processed and stained with the routine hematoxylin-eosin method. The inflammatory infiltrate was scored, the blood vessels were detected with anti-CD34 antibody, and MVD was determined. Inflammatory changes were observed in 39 of the 51 cases included in our study. CD34 + vessels with normal morphological appearance were observed in all 12 cases of health gingiva. In cases of inflammatory lesions, the morphology of the blood vessels showed changes with the evolution of gingival lesions. In severe inflammation, a particular aspect was observed in the vessels, such as the presence of the phenomenon of intussusception. MVD increases with the severity of gingival lesions, with the highest density being observed in severe inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciprian Roi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.R.); (M.R.)
| | - Pușa Nela Gaje
- Department of Microscopic Morphology and Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (P.N.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Raluca Amalia Ceaușu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology and Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (P.N.G.); (R.A.C.)
| | - Alexandra Roi
- Department of Oral Pathology, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Laura Cristina Rusu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Eugen Radu Boia
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Simina Boia
- Department of Periodontology, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ruxandra Elena Luca
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation and Dental Emergencies, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Mircea Riviș
- Department of Anesthesiology and Oral Surgery, Multidisciplinary Center for Research, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Therapies in Oral Medicine, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 300041 Timisoara, Romania; (C.R.); (M.R.)
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17
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Thomassen TMJA, Van der Weijden FGA, Slot DE. The efficacy of powered toothbrushes: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Int J Dent Hyg 2022; 20:3-17. [PMID: 34877772 PMCID: PMC9303421 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and network meta-analysis synthesizes the available clinical evidence concerning efficacy with respect to plaque scores following a brushing action with oscillating-rotating (OR) or high-frequency sonic (HFS) powered toothbrushes (PTB) compared with a manual toothbrush (MTB) as control. MATERIAL AND METHODS Databases were searched up to 1 August 2021, for clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of a PTB with OR or HFS technology compared with an MTB on plaque removal after a single-brushing action and conducted with healthy adult patients. Meta-analysis (MA) and a network meta-analysis (NMA) were performed. RESULTS Twenty-eight eligible publications, including 56 relevant comparisons, were retrieved. The overall NMA results for the mean post-brushing score showed a statistically significant difference for the comparison between an OR PTB and an MTB (SMD = -0.43; 95% CI [-0.696;-0.171]). The change in plaque score data showed a significant effect of a PTB over an MTB and OR over HFS. Based on ranking, the OR PTB was highest, followed by the HFS PTB and the MTB. CONCLUSION Within the limitations of the present study design, based on the outcome following a single-brushing action, it can be concluded that for dental plaque removal, there is a high certainty for a small effect of a PTB over an MTB. This supports the recommendation to use a powered toothbrush for daily plaque removal. There is moderate certainty for a very small benefit for the use of a powered toothbrush with an OR over an HFS mode of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim M. J. A. Thomassen
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for DentistryAmsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Fridus G. A. Van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for DentistryAmsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dagmar E. Slot
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for DentistryAmsterdam (ACTA)University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
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18
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Vishnu RA, Alamelu S, Arun KV, Sujitha P, Ganesh PR. Comparative evaluation of subgingival microbiome in healthy periodontium and gingivitis using next-generation sequencing technology: A case–control study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2022; 26:224-229. [PMID: 35602532 PMCID: PMC9118943 DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_837_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human dental plaque is a complex microbial community containing millions of species. Gingivitis is a dysregulated immune-inflammatory response induced by dysbiotic plaque biofilm that interrupts symbiosis. The emergence of next-generation sequencing with 16S rRNA gene has greatly contributed in understanding the complexity of microbiota. However, studies focusing on microbiome in gingivitis are limited. The whole bacterial community is important in causing periodontal disease than a small number of periodontal pathogens. In this study, we attempted to profile the subgingival microbiome from individuals with healthy gingiva and in patients with gingivitis using next-generation sequencing technology. Materials and Methods: Subgingival plaque samples from 15 healthy periodontium (Group I) and 15 gingivitis (Group II) were collected and 16s rRNA sequencing was done in Illumina Solexa Sequencer. Data analysis using 16s metagenomics tool from BaseSpace onsite operational taxonomic units was assigned to each sequence using HOMD database. Individual variation in the microbiome of the subgingival samples between the two groups was also evaluated. Results: The comparison of top 20 species between Group I and Group II revealed no significant species group between them. Synergistetes was absent in Group I samples but found in Group II. At the genus level, HACEK group species were found in both the groups, while Dialister and Aneroglobus were found abundantly in the Group II. Conclusion: The presence of unique genera and species seen in Group II samples could point toward a dysbiotic shift that could be taking place in the subgingival environment leading to gingivitis.
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19
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González-Quintanilla D, Abásolo N, Astudillo P. Wnt Signaling in Periodontal Disease. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.763308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial and chronic condition associated with the formation of a dysbiotic biofilm, leading to a pro-inflammatory environment that can modulate cell signaling. The Wnt pathway plays fundamental roles during homeostasis and disease, and emerging evidence suggests its involvement in the maintenance of the periodontium and the development of periodontitis. Here, we summarize the role of the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical Wnt signaling pathways in periodontitis. The accumulated data suggests specific roles for each branch of the Wnt pathway. Wnt5a emerges as a critical player promoting periodontal ligament remodeling and impairing regenerative responses modulated by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, such as alveolar bone formation. Collectively, the evidence suggests that achieving a proper balance between the Wnt/β-catenin and non-canonical pathways, rather than their independent modulation, might contribute to controlling the progression and severity of the periodontal disease.
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20
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Krikheli NI, Pustovoit EV, Zhuravleva EG. [The effectiveness of parodontax toothpaste in the complex treatment of chronic gingivitis]. STOMATOLOGII︠A︡ 2021; 100:50-54. [PMID: 33874661 DOI: 10.17116/stomat202110002150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
THE AIM OF THE STUDY Was to evaluate the clinical efficacy of parodontax Comprehensive Protection (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) toothpaste in the complex therapy of chronic gingivitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study involved 119 volunteers; group 1 (n=59, age range 18 to 32 years) and group 2 (n=60, age range 20 to 35 years) with a diagnosis of chronic gingivitis (K05.1). The criterion for inclusion in the study was sulcus bleeding index (SBI) more than 1 point. Dental examination included SBI, papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA), and Green-Vermillion oral hygiene index (OHI-S). After determining the indices, all patients underwent professional oral hygiene and controlled tooth cleaning. Patients in group 1 (parodontax) were prescribed parodontax Comprehensive Protection toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK), patients in group 2 - a toothpaste that did not contain sodium bicarbonate. Repeated clinical examinations with the determination of the SBI, PMA, OHI-S were carried out after week 2 and 4. RESULTS After 4 weeks, SBI scores in group 1 were 63% lower than at baseline, and in group 2 - by 30%. PMA values at 4 weeks in group 1 were 58% and in group 2 30% lower, compared to baseline levels. The results of the analysis of the OHI-S index showed a statistically significant decrease in group 1 by 75%, while in group 2 by only 8% from the initial values. The difference in all index values between groups at 4 weeks of the study was statistically significant (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The use of parodontax Comprehensive Protection Toothpaste (GlaxoSmithKline, London, UK) has been shown to reduce the clinical signs of biofilm-associated gingivitis and effectively maintain optimal oral hygiene in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- N I Krikheli
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Pustovoit
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - E G Zhuravleva
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia
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21
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Wirth R, Maróti G, Lipták L, Mester M, Al Ayoubi A, Pap B, Madléna M, Minárovits J, Kovács KL. Microbiomes in supragingival biofilms and saliva of adolescents with gingivitis and gingival health. Oral Dis 2021; 28:2000-2014. [PMID: 33876475 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Important alterations exist in the microbiomes of supragingival biofilm and saliva samples from adolescent patients developing induced or spontaneous gingivitis relative to healthy controls. These and the relationships to dental health are not fully understood yet. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Supragingival biofilm samples (n = 36) were collected from the teeth of 9 adolescents with gingivitis induced by orthodontic appliances, as well as dental plaques (n = 40) from 10 adolescents with spontaneous gingivitis, in addition to similar samples (n = 36) from 9 healthy controls. The bacterial metagenomes were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Salivary microbiomes of the same persons were characterized by shotgun metagenome sequencing. The data sets were examined using advanced bioinformatics workflows and two reference databases. RESULTS The composition and diversity of bacterial communities did not differ extensively among the three study groups. Nevertheless, the relative abundances of the genera Fusobacterium, Akkermansia, Treponema, and Campylobacter were prominently higher in gingivitis patients versus controls. In contrast, the genera Lautropia, Kingella, Neisseria, Actinomyces, and Rothia were significantly more abundant in controls than in either of the two gingivitis groups. CONCLUSIONS The abundance pattern of certain taxa rather than individual strains shows characteristic features of potential diagnostic value. Stringent bioinformatics treatment of the sequencing data is mandatory to avoid unintentional misinterpretations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Wirth
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergely Maróti
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Lídia Lipták
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Mónika Mester
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alaa Al Ayoubi
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bernadett Pap
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Madléna
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Minárovits
- Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Kornél L Kovács
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.,Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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22
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Reiniger APP, Maier J, Wikesjö UME, Moreira CHC, Kantorski KZ. Correlation between dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in periodontal maintenance patients using short or extended personal oral hygiene intervals. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:834-842. [PMID: 33751652 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the correlation between bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival health in subjects with history of periodontitis attending a maintenance programme including personal oral hygiene measures (pOH) at short and extended intervals. This study is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-two subjects were randomized into groups performing pOH at 12-, 24- or 48-h intervals. The Plaque Index (PlI), Gingival Index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BoP) were recorded at baseline, 30 and 90 days. For the analysis, pOH groups were collapsed into subjects performing pOH at daily (G12/24) or extended (G48) intervals. Summary statistics and Spearman correlations between plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation are presented. RESULTS G12/24 and G48 subjects showed significant increases in plaque scores and percentage sites with gingival inflammation over the course of study. At 90 days, G48 subjects showed significantly greater GI and BoP scores than G12/24 subjects. While PlI/GI correlations were not affected by pOH interval, PlI/BoP correlations remained unchanged with short to increase with extended pOH intervals. CONCLUSION pOH interval influences the correlation between bacterial dental plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation. Subjects using extended pOH intervals exhibit an increased correlation allowing accumulation of bacterial dental plaque to the detriment of gingival health. (ClinicalTrials.gov: 50208115.9.0000.5346). Clinical Trials: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02684682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P P Reiniger
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Periodontology Unit, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maier
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Periodontology Unit, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Ulf M E Wikesjö
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Research, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carlos H C Moreira
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Periodontology Unit, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Karla Z Kantorski
- Post-Graduate Program in Oral Science (Periodontology Unit, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Abusleme L, Hoare A, Hong BY, Diaz PI. Microbial signatures of health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Periodontol 2000 2021; 86:57-78. [PMID: 33690899 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The subgingival crevice harbors diverse microbial communities. Shifts in the composition of these communities occur with the development of gingivitis and periodontitis, which are considered as successive stages of periodontal health deterioration. It is not clear, however, to what extent health- and gingivitis-associated microbiota are protective, or whether these communities facilitate the successive growth of periodontitis-associated taxa. To further our understanding of the dynamics of the microbial stimuli that trigger disruptions in periodontal homeostasis, we reviewed the available literature with the aim of defining specific microbial signatures associated with different stages of periodontal dysbiosis. Although several studies have evaluated the subgingival communities present in different periodontal conditions, we found limited evidence for the direct comparison of communities in health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Therefore, we aimed to better define subgingival microbiome shifts by merging and reanalyzing, using unified bioinformatic processing strategies, publicly available 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon datasets of periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis. Despite inherent methodological differences across studies, distinct community structures were found for health, gingivitis, and periodontitis, demonstrating the specific associations between gingival tissue status and the subgingival microbiome. Consistent with the concept that periodontal dysbiosis is the result of a process of microbial succession without replacement, more species were detected in disease than in health. However, gingivitis-associated communities were more diverse than those from subjects with periodontitis, suggesting that certain species ultimately become dominant as dysbiosis progresses. We identified the bacterial species associated with each periodontal condition and prevalent species that do not change in abundance from one state to another (core species), and we also outlined species co-occurrence patterns via network analysis. Most periodontitis-associated species were rarely detected in health but were frequently detected, albeit in low abundance, in gingivitis, which suggests that gingivitis and periodontitis are a continuum. Overall, we provide a framework of subgingival microbiome shifts, which can be used to generate hypotheses with respect to community assembly processes and the emergence of periodontal dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loreto Abusleme
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratory for Craniofacial Translational Research, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bo-Young Hong
- Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Patricia I Diaz
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.,UB Microbiome Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
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24
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Lai H, Yen AMF, Chen SLS, Chen THH. Effectiveness of a 30-year periodontist's primary care for 1946 patients during five-year follow-up. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1250-1260. [PMID: 33660380 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of the periodontal primary care (PPC) on the improvement of periodontal probing depth based on a periodontist's 30-year practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS We enrolled a total of 2,894 patients who underwent periodontal basic treatment between 1987 and 2017 with 84.5% retention rate. The study population was composed of 80% (n = 1,946) of retained patients with complete re-evaluation up to five-year follow-up. The outcome was measured by the improvement of probing depths (graded as 1:1-3 mm; 2:4-6 mm; 3: ≥7 mm) before and after PPC on both sextant and patient levels. Whether a better improvement was seen in the surgical group and the non-smoker group opposed to their comparators was assessed with various multi-variable regression models. RESULTS On patient (sextant) level, 82% (38%) improved, 13% (59%) unchanged, and 5% (3%) deteriorated. Adjusted better improvement of probing depth was noted for the surgical group by 63% and non-smoker by 31% compared with their counterparts. The similar findings were found for the outcomes based on continuous probing depth scores. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate the improvement of probing depth scores with a periodontal primary care offered for the retained patients and larger effect for the surgical group and non-smoker patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmin Lai
- Dentway International Dental Hospital. Formerly in private practice, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dental Department, Taipei Medical University Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Amy Ming-Fang Yen
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sam Li-Sheng Chen
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Hsiu-Hsi Chen
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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25
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Salivary Metalloproteinase-8 and Metalloproteinase-9 Evaluation in Patients Undergoing Fixed Orthodontic Treatment before and after Periodontal Therapy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041583. [PMID: 33567492 PMCID: PMC7915089 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) are members of a family of proteases of major importance during orthodontic tooth movement. Their levels increase during orthodontic therapy and in periodontally affected tissues. Orthodontic fixed appliances retain dental plaque and can cause gingival inflammation. When gingival inflammation is present, the forces produced during orthodontic tooth movement can aggravate tissue reaction and cause the destruction of supportive periodontal tissue. This study aimed to identify biomarkers that facilitate the assessment of periodontal status during orthodontic treatment. (2) Methods: Our study was conducted on 111 patients who were about to receive fixed orthodontic treatment. We determined the salivary levels of MMP-8 and MMP-9 and bleeding on probing (BOP) before applying the orthodontic fixed appliance (T1), one week after appliance placement (T2), and during orthodontic treatment, one month after non-surgical periodontal treatment (T3). (3) Results: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement (T2) and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment (T3). Statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP values at T1, T2, and T3. (4) Conclusion: In our study patients undergoing orthodontic treatment show a significant increase in BOP, MMP-8, and MMP-9 levels one week after orthodontic appliance placement and a decrease in these parameters one month after periodontal treatment. Strong positive statistically significant correlations were found between MMP-8 levels and BOP and medium positive statistically significant correlations between MMP-9 and BOP values before and after orthodontic treatment and periodontal treatment. MMP-8, MMP-9, and BOP could be used to assess the periodontal status of orthodontic patients.
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26
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Effect of Aging on Homeostasis in the Soft Tissue of the Periodontium: A Narrative Review. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11010058. [PMID: 33477537 PMCID: PMC7831085 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive decline or loss of physiological functions, leading to increased susceptibility to disease or death. Several aging hallmarks, including genomic instability, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, have been suggested, which often lead to the numerous aging disorders. The periodontium, a complex structure surrounding and supporting the teeth, is composed of the gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, and alveolar bone. Supportive and protective roles of the periodontium are very critical to sustain life, but the periodontium undergoes morphological and physiological changes with age. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of molecular and cellular physiological changes in the periodontium, by focusing on soft tissues including gingiva and periodontal ligament.
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Yildiz Telatar G, Gürlek B, Telatar BC. Periodontal and caries status in unexplained female infertility: A case-control study. J Periodontol 2021; 92:446-454. [PMID: 33331005 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the possible association between maternal periodontal disease and dental caries that affect oral health and unexplained infertility. METHODS This cross-sectional case-control study included 50 fertile women and 50 women with unexplained infertility aged 21 to 39 years. Dental and periodontal parameters were examined to evaluate the oral health of the participants. According to the new periodontal disease classification, periodontitis severity was determined. RESULTS In infertile women, the number of advanced caries lesions, the percentage of bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were higher (P < 0.05). The DMFT and mean plaque index (PI) were not statistically different between the two groups. The PISA and PESA values were higher in women with unexplained infertility than in fertile women (P = 0.005 and P = 0.002, respectively). In multivariate analysis showed that association of DMFT and BOP variables with periodontitis was found to be significant for all women included in the study and for infertile women only (P = 0.000 and P = 0.012 for DMFT, respectively; P = 0.000 and P = 0.016 for BOP, respectively). CONCLUSION The chronic inflammatory environment caused by periodontitis and advanced carious lesions in women with unexplained infertility should be of great concern as it may have a role in the etiology of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Yildiz Telatar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Dentistry, Rize, Turkey
| | - Beril Gürlek
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Faculty of Medicine, Rize, Turkey
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28
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Dey J, Sarkar A, Karforma S. Newer post-COVID perspective: Teledental encryption by de-multiplexed perceptrons. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY : AN OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF BHARATI VIDYAPEETH'S INSTITUTE OF COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND MANAGEMENT 2021; 13:593-601. [PMID: 33426424 PMCID: PMC7776307 DOI: 10.1007/s41870-020-00562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents an efficient mechanism for secured encryption of intraoral information in the emerging field of Teledental. Due to global rapid surge in the (Coronavirus Disease) COVID patients, the services of Teledental are best suited in the newer post-COVID era. A devised perceptron has been intelligently embedded with de-multiplexing ability to transmit data to the dentists has been proposed. Exact session key has been developed through learning rules applied on the perceptrons by both the patient and dentist. For simplicity, gingivitis data is highly recommended to transmit in a highly secured manner with patients' data integrity. Gingivitis is an important dental disease which is primarily caused by the bacterial colonization. It shows gum bleeding and inflammations in the gingiva. Encrypted transmission is required to the Dentist for early diagnosis and treatment in Teledental system in this pandemic context. Gingivitis data are then broken into parts by the demultiplexer followed by individual proposed header generation. It is predominantly done to confuse the intruders about the originality of the intraoral data. Chi-square, Avalanche, Strict Avalanche, etc. were carried on the proposed partial shares to generate good outcomes when compared to classical algorithms. To confuse the intruders, character frequency, floating frequency, and autocorrelation were tested extensively. It is a newer approach to avail the secured Teledental features in post-COVID time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joydeep Dey
- Department of Computer Science, M.U.C. Women’s College, Burdwan, WB India
| | - Arindam Sarkar
- Department of Computer Science and Electronics, R.K.M. Vidyamandira, Belur, WB India
| | - Sunil Karforma
- Department of Computer Science, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan, WB India
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29
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An YZ, Ko KA, Kim CS, Gruber R, Wang X, Lee JS. Do periodontal defects affect periodontal inflammation and destruction? Histological/microbiological changes and gene expression profiles of a pilot study in beagle dogs. J Periodontol 2020; 92:1007-1017. [PMID: 33128228 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study focused on the inflammatory disease progress after periodontal defect induction and aimed to specifically determine periodontal tissue responses following dental plaque accumulation by ligatures on a site with/without standardized periodontal defect induction. METHODS After 1 month from extraction of the adjacent teeth, semi-circumferential defects were surgically created in the unilateral second and fourth premolars (test group), whereas no defects were being induced at the contralateral sites (control group). One week later, silk was used to ligate the tooth cervix at both sites to encourage the accumulation of dental plaque. Four weeks later, the tissue samples were collected for histological/histomorphometric and microarray analysis. Microbiological analysis was performed before defect induction and at ligatures, and after 4 weeks of dental plaque accumulation. RESULTS Remarkable inflammation was clinically and histologically observed in both groups after plaque accumulation, and the intrabony type of periodontal defect exaggerated inflammatory cell infiltration into the connective tissue layer. Expression of genes related to inflammation such as IL-1 was highly up-regulated in test sites. However, these inflammatory infiltrations did not invade to a boundary of periodontal ligament and connective tissue attachment in both groups, and histomorphometric results corresponds to these observational results. Bacterial findings also showed no significant differences in detected microbiome compositions between control and test groups at three-time points. CONCLUSION Intrabony defect might exaggerate the plaque-induced inflammation in the aspect of inflammatory cell infiltration and the related gene expression, but both dental plaque and the pre-existing periodontal defect negligibly disrupt periodontal attachment and the underlying alveolar bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Zhe An
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kyung-A Ko
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Sung Kim
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Periodontology, Affiliated Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Clarkson JE, Pitts NB, Goulao B, Boyers D, Ramsay CR, Floate R, Braid HJ, Fee PA, Ord FS, Worthington HV, van der Pol M, Young L, Freeman R, Gouick J, Humphris GM, Mitchell FE, McDonald AM, Norrie JD, Sim K, Douglas G, Ricketts D. Risk-based, 6-monthly and 24-monthly dental check-ups for adults: the INTERVAL three-arm RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-138. [PMID: 33215986 PMCID: PMC7701991 DOI: 10.3310/hta24600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, patients are encouraged to attend dental recall appointments at regular 6-month intervals, irrespective of their risk of developing dental disease. Stakeholders lack evidence of the relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different recall strategies and the optimal recall interval for maintenance of oral health. OBJECTIVES To test effectiveness and assess the cost-benefit of different dental recall intervals over a 4-year period. DESIGN Multicentre, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with blinded clinical outcome assessment at 4 years and a within-trial cost-benefit analysis. NHS and participant perspective costs were combined with benefits estimated from a general population discrete choice experiment. A two-stratum trial design was used, with participants randomised to the 24-month interval if the recruiting dentist considered them clinically suitable. Participants ineligible for 24-month recall were randomised to a risk-based or 6-month recall interval. SETTING UK primary care dental practices. PARTICIPANTS Adult, dentate, NHS patients who had visited their dentist in the previous 2 years. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomised to attend for a dental check-up at one of three dental recall intervals: 6-month, risk-based or 24-month recall. MAIN OUTCOMES Clinical - gingival bleeding on probing; patient - oral health-related quality of life; economic - three analysis frameworks: (1) incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year gained, (2) incremental net (societal) benefit and (3) incremental net (dental health) benefit. RESULTS A total of 2372 participants were recruited from 51 dental practices; 648 participants were eligible for the 24-month recall stratum and 1724 participants were ineligible. There was no evidence of a significant difference in the mean percentage of sites with gingival bleeding between intervention arms in any comparison. For the eligible for 24-month recall stratum: the 24-month (n = 138) versus 6-month group (n = 135) had an adjusted mean difference of -0.91 (95% confidence interval -5.02 to 3.20); the risk-based (n = 143) versus 6-month group had an adjusted mean difference of -0.98 (95% confidence interval -5.05 to 3.09); the 24-month versus risk-based group had an adjusted mean difference of 0.07 (95% confidence interval -3.99 to 4.12). For the overall sample, the risk-based (n = 749) versus 6-month (n = 737) adjusted mean difference was 0.78 (95% confidence interval -1.17 to 2.72). There was no evidence of a difference in oral health-related quality of life between intervention arms in any comparison. For the economic evaluation, under framework 1 (cost per quality-adjusted life-year) the results were highly uncertain, and it was not possible to identify the optimal recall strategy. Under framework 2 (net societal benefit), 6-month recalls were the most efficient strategy with a probability of positive net benefit ranging from 78% to 100% across the eligible and combined strata, with findings driven by the high value placed on more frequent recall services in the discrete choice experiment. Under framework 3 (net dental health benefit), 24-month recalls were the most likely strategy to deliver positive net (dental health) benefit among those eligible for 24-month recall, with a probability of positive net benefit ranging from 65% to 99%. For the combined group, the optimal strategy was less clear. Risk-based recalls were more likely to be the most efficient recall strategy in scenarios where the costing perspective was widened to include participant-incurred costs, and in the Scottish subgroup. LIMITATIONS Information regarding factors considered by dentists to inform the risk-based interval and the interaction with patients to determine risk and agree the interval were not collected. CONCLUSIONS Over a 4-year period, we found no evidence of a difference in oral health for participants allocated to a 6-month or a risk-based recall interval, nor between a 24-month, 6-month or risk-based recall interval for participants eligible for a 24-month recall. However, people greatly value and are willing to pay for frequent dental check-ups; therefore, the most efficient recall strategy depends on the scope of the cost and benefit valuation that decision-makers wish to consider. FUTURE WORK Assessment of the impact of risk assessment tools in informing risk-based interval decision-making and techniques for communicating a variable recall interval to patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN95933794. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme [project numbers 06/35/05 (Phase I) and 06/35/99 (Phase II)] and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 60. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Clarkson
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nigel B Pitts
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Beatriz Goulao
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Dwayne Boyers
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Craig R Ramsay
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ruth Floate
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hazel J Braid
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Patrick A Fee
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Fiona S Ord
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | - Linda Young
- Dental Directorate, NHS Education for Scotland, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ruth Freeman
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jill Gouick
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Fiona E Mitchell
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - John Dt Norrie
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Kirsty Sim
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Gail Douglas
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - David Ricketts
- Dental Health Services Research Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
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31
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Discepoli N, Mirra R, Marruganti C, Beneforti C, Doldo T. Efficacy of Behaviour Change Techniques to improve oral hygiene control of individuals undergoing orthodontic therapy. A systematic review. Int J Dent Hyg 2020; 19:3-17. [PMID: 32974991 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aims to review the available evidence on the efficacy of behaviour change techniques to improve compliance in young orthodontic patients and to compare these with conventional oral hygiene instructions. METHODS The review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. PICO method was used to define eligibility criteria. Two independent reviewers performed the research, examined electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus and CENTRAL) and manually checked relevant journals. Only RCTs with more than 10 participants and 3 months follow-up were included. Data extraction and their qualitative analysis were performed for included studies. RESULTS Search strategy identified 320 articles. After screening for titles, abstracts and full texts, 10 articles were then selected for qualitative analysis. High methodological heterogeneity was present among studies and therefore no meta-analysis was performed. Low risk of bias was detected for one study only. The most common intervention was "mobile phone communication," which was investigated in five studies. Motivational interviewing, repeated reinforcements and visual-aided approach were also examined. CONCLUSION The interest in remote control of patients compliance appears to be fruitful, nonetheless there is no consensus as to a unique treatment protocol. Every other treatment looks beneficial but higher methodological homogeneity should be sought for in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Discepoli
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Raffaele Mirra
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Crystal Marruganti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.,Undergraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Cecilia Beneforti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Periodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Tiziana Doldo
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, Unit of Orthodontics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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32
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Zuhr O, Rebele SF, Vach K, Petsos H, Hürzeler MB. Tunnel technique with connective tissue graft versus coronally advanced flap with enamel matrix derivate for root coverage: 2‐year results of an RCT using 3D digital measuring for volumetric comparison of gingival dimensions. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1144-1158. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Zuhr
- Private Practice Hürzeler/Zuhr Munich Germany
- Department of Periodontology Center of Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum) Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐University Frankfurt/Main Germany
| | - Stephan F. Rebele
- Private Practice Rebele Dinkelsbühl Germany
- Department of Periodontics School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics University of Freiburg Freiburg Germany
| | - Hari Petsos
- Department of Periodontology Center of Dentistry and Oral Medicine (Carolinum) Johann Wolfgang Goethe‐University Frankfurt/Main Germany
- Private Practice Dr. Korte Soest Germany
| | - Markus B. Hürzeler
- Private Practice Hürzeler/Zuhr Munich Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology University School of DentistryAlbert‐Ludwigs‐University Freiburg Germany
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33
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Oliveira LM, de David SC, Ardenghi TM, Moreira CHC, Zanatta FB. Gingival inflammation influences oral health-related quality of life in individuals living in a rural area of southern Brazil. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:1028-1039. [PMID: 32558954 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to evaluate whether the extent levels of gingival inflammation (GI) in whole mouth or restricted to the anterior region are independently associated with oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in individuals living in a rural area of southern Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS A probability sample of 688 individuals was submitted to a full-mouth periodontal examination at six sites on each tooth. Extent levels of GI in whole mouth and restricted to anterior region were dichotomously considered when bleeding on probing (BoP) occurred at 20% or more of whole-mouth sites and at 10% or more of anterior region sites, respectively, in individuals with probing depths ≤3 mm, totalling 121 individuals analysed, aged 15-82 years. OHRQoL was assessed using the simplified version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14 ) questionnaire. Adjusted multilevel Poisson regression analysis was used with a conceptual hierarchical approach to calculate the rate ratio (RR) of OHIP14 scores. RESULTS In the adjusted model, higher extent levels of full-mouth GI (RR = 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.44; p = .004) and GI restricted to the anterior region (RR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.11-1.51; p ≤ .001) were significantly associated with poorer OHRQoL. CONCLUSIONS The extent of GI in whole mouth (≥20% of sites with BoP) and in the anterior region (≥10% of sites with BoP) was independently associated with OHRQoL in individuals living in a rural area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Silvia C de David
- Department of Conservative Dentistry - Periodontology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Carlos H Cunha Moreira
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fabrício B Zanatta
- Department of Stomatology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Emphasis on Periodontics, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
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Maier J, Reiniger APP, Sfreddo CS, Wikesjö UME, Kantorski KZ, Moreira CHC. Effect of self‐performed mechanical plaque control frequency on gingival health in subjects with a history of periodontitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:834-841. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Maier
- Department of Stomatology Division of Periodontology School of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Pereira Reiniger
- Department of Stomatology Division of Periodontology School of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Camila Silveira Sfreddo
- Department of Stomatology Division of Periodontology School of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Ulf ME Wikesjö
- Laboratory for Applied Periodontal & Craniofacial Research Adams School of Dentistry University of North Carolina Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - Karla Zanini Kantorski
- Department of Stomatology Division of Periodontology School of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Carlos Heitor Cunha Moreira
- Department of Stomatology Division of Periodontology School of Dentistry Federal University of Santa Maria Santa Maria Brazil
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Grender J, Ram Goyal C, Qaqish J, Adam R. An 8-week randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of a novel oscillating-rotating toothbrush versus a manual toothbrush on plaque and gingivitis. Int Dent J 2020; 70 Suppl 1:S7-S15. [PMID: 32243573 DOI: 10.1111/idj.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare a novel oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrush with micro-vibrations (Oral-B iO) to a manual brush for gingivitis and plaque reduction. METHODS Adult subjects with gingivitis and plaque were randomized to use either the O-R or the manual toothbrush with standard fluoride dentifrice twice daily. Efficacy was assessed at baseline, week 1, and week 8 using the Rustogi Modification of the Navy Plaque Index (RMNPI), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI). Gingivitis status ('healthy'/'not healthy') was also assessed, per the American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology criteria. RESULTS One hundred and ten subjects were enrolled and completed the randomized controlled trial. The baseline mean number (SD) of bleeding sites for all subjects was 32.11 (16.703). At week 8, 82% of subjects using the O-R toothbrush were categorized as 'healthy' (<10% bleeding sites), versus 24% of subjects using the manual brush (P < 0.001). Subjects using the O-R toothbrush showed statistically significantly greater reductions (P < 0.001) in the number of bleeding sites, GBI scores and MGI scores versus those using a manual toothbrush as early as 1 week and throughout the 8-week study. The O-R toothbrush also provided statistically significantly greater reductions (P < 0.001) in all plaque measures, including sub-regions, versus the manual toothbrush after a single brushing and at weeks 1 and 8. CONCLUSIONS The novel O-R electric toothbrush with micro-vibrations provided statistically significantly greater plaque and gingivitis reductions versus a manual toothbrush, with performance benefits demonstrated after a single brushing and continuing throughout the 8-week study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C Ram Goyal
- All Sum Research Center Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Jimmy Qaqish
- All Sum Research Center Ltd, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Ralf Adam
- Procter & Gamble Service GmbH, Kronberg, Germany
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36
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Adam R, Ram Goyal C, Qaqish J, Grender J. Evaluation of an oscillating-rotating toothbrush with micro-vibrations versus a sonic toothbrush for the reduction of plaque and gingivitis: results from a randomized controlled trial. Int Dent J 2020; 70 Suppl 1:S16-S21. [DOI: 10.1111/idj.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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37
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Ercan N, Olgun E, Kisa Ü, Yalim M. Effect of synbiotics in the treatment of smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis: randomized controlled trial. Aust Dent J 2020; 65:210-219. [PMID: 32147827 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the efficacy of synbiotic tablets on the clinical and biochemical parameters of smokers and non-smokers with gingivitis. METHODS Eighty patients with gingivitis [40 smokers (+), 40 non-smokers (-)] were randomly assigned to test (T) or control (C) groups. Four groups were defined: T(+), T(-), C(+) and C(-). The subjects daily chewed a synbiotic or placebo tablet for 30 days. The gingival crevicular fluid levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined as the primary outcome variables. RESULTS The clinical and biochemical parameters for all groups significantly reduced compared with the baseline (P < 0.05). While there were no significant differences between the groups for gingival index, the plaque index was significantly higher in both smoker groups than that in the T(-) group during the second month (P < 0.05). IL-8 levels in C(-) and IL-6 levels in both control groups were significantly higher than those in the T(+) group. The IL-10 levels in both control groups were significantly higher than those in the T(-) group during the second month (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive synbiotic tablets significantly reduce subclinical therapeutic outcomes for both smokers and non-smokers compared with placebo according to the biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ercan
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - E Olgun
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - Ü Kisa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
| | - M Yalim
- Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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38
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Biesbrock A, He T, DiGennaro J, Zou Y, Ramsey D, Garcia‐Godoy F. The effects of bioavailable gluconate chelated stannous fluoride dentifrice on gingival bleeding: Meta-analysis of eighteen randomized controlled trials. J Clin Periodontol 2019; 46:1205-1216. [PMID: 31562774 PMCID: PMC6899529 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate gingivitis effects of a bioavailable gluconate chelated 0.454% stannous fluoride (SnF2 ) family of dentifrices in adult subjects versus positive (triclosan) and negative (NaF or MFP) controls when used ≤3 months. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis evaluated bioavailable gluconate chelated SnF2 dentifrices versus a negative or positive control for gingival bleeding. RESULTS In 18 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 2,890 subjects assessing SnF2 paste versus a negative or positive control, the average number of bleeding sites was reduced by 51% and 31%, respectively. The average change (95% CI) in number of bleeding sites was -16.3 (-27.8, -4.9) versus the negative control and -3.6 (-5.4, -1.8) versus the positive control. Subjects with localized or generalized gingivitis had 3.7 times better odds (95% CI [2.8, 5.0]) of shifting to generally healthy using SnF2 versus a negative control and 2.8 times better odds (95% CI [2.1, 3.9]) of shifting to generally healthy using SnF2 versus a positive control. The individual study risk of bias was deemed to be low in all categories of bias. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates significant gingivitis benefits of bioavailable SnF2 dentifrices when used ≤3 months versus positive (triclosan) and negative (NaF or MFP) controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao He
- The Procter & Gamble CompanyMasonOHUSA
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39
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Chapple ILC, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Periodontol 2019; 89 Suppl 1:S74-S84. [PMID: 29926944 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 337] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Periodontal health is defined by absence of clinically detectable inflammation. There is a biological level of immune surveillance that is consistent with clinical gingival health and homeostasis. Clinical gingival health may be found in a periodontium that is intact, i.e. without clinical attachment loss or bone loss, and on a reduced periodontium in either a non-periodontitis patient (e.g. in patients with some form of gingival recession or following crown lengthening surgery) or in a patient with a history of periodontitis who is currently periodontally stable. Clinical gingival health can be restored following treatment of gingivitis and periodontitis. However, the treated and stable periodontitis patient with current gingival health remains at increased risk of recurrent periodontitis, and accordingly, must be closely monitored. Two broad categories of gingival diseases include non-dental plaque biofilm-induced gingival diseases and dental plaque-induced gingivitis. Non-dental plaque biofilm-induced gingival diseases include a variety of conditions that are not caused by plaque and usually do not resolve following plaque removal. Such lesions may be manifestations of a systemic condition or may be localized to the oral cavity. Dental plaque-induced gingivitis has a variety of clinical signs and symptoms, and both local predisposing factors and systemic modifying factors can affect its extent, severity, and progression. Dental plaque-induced gingivitis may arise on an intact periodontium or on a reduced periodontium in either a non-periodontitis patient or in a currently stable "periodontitis patient" i.e. successfully treated, in whom clinical inflammation has been eliminated (or substantially reduced). A periodontitis patient with gingival inflammation remains a periodontitis patient (Figure 1), and comprehensive risk assessment and management are imperative to ensure early prevention and/or treatment of recurrent/progressive periodontitis. Precision dental medicine defines a patient-centered approach to care, and therefore, creates differences in the way in which a "case" of gingival health or gingivitis is defined for clinical practice as opposed to epidemiologically in population prevalence surveys. Thus, case definitions of gingival health and gingivitis are presented for both purposes. While gingival health and gingivitis have many clinical features, case definitions are primarily predicated on presence or absence of bleeding on probing. Here we classify gingival health and gingival diseases/conditions, along with a summary table of diagnostic features for defining health and gingivitis in various clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain L C Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group, Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Brian L Mealey
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA
| | | | | | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Oral Medicine, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maria L Geisinger
- Department of Periodontology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | | | | | - Moshe Goldstein
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Terrence J Griffin
- Periodontal Department, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Periodontology, Section 1, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Georgia K Johnson
- Department of Periodontology, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Niklaus P Lang
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology, University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Japan
| | - Jacqueline Plemons
- Department of Periodontics, Texas A&M College of Dentistry, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Giuseppe A Romito
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Periodontology, KU Leuven & Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Center for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Clemens Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology & Cariology, University Centre for Dental Medicine, University of Basel School of Dentistry, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Wimmer
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz, Austria
| | - Pinelopi Xenoudi
- Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, USA
| | - Hiromasa Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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40
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Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple ILC. Dental plaque-induced gingival conditions. J Periodontol 2019; 89 Suppl 1:S17-S27. [PMID: 29926958 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review proposes revisions to the current classification system for gingival diseases and provides a rationale for how it differs from the 1999 classification system. IMPORTANCE Gingival inflammation in response to bacterial plaque accumulation (microbial biofilms) is considered the key risk factor for the onset of periodontitis. Thus, control of gingival inflammation is essential for the primary prevention of periodontitis. FINDINGS The clinical characteristics common to dental plaque-induced inflammatory gingival conditions include: a) clinical signs and symptoms of inflammation that are confined to the gingiva: b) reversibility of the inflammation by removing or disrupting the biofilm; c) the presence of a high bacterial plaque burden to initiate the inflammation; d) systemic modifying factors (e.g., hormones, systemic disorders, drugs) which can alter the severity of the plaque-induced inflammation and; e) stable (i.e., non-changing) attachment levels on a periodontium which may or may not have experienced a loss of attachment or alveolar bone. The simplified taxonomy of gingival conditions includes: 1) introduction of the term "incipient gingivitis;" 2) a description of the extent and severity of gingival inflammation; 3) a description of the extent and severity of gingival enlargement and; 4) a reduction of categories in the dental plaque-induced gingival disease taxonomy. CONCLUSIONS Dental plaque-induced gingival inflammation is modified by various systemic and oral factors. The appropriate intervention is crucial for the prevention of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Murakami
- Osaka University, Graduate School of Dentistry-Department of Periodontology, Osaka, Japan
| | - Brian L Mealey
- Department of Periodontics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Angelo Mariotti
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Iain L C Chapple
- Department of Periodontology, University of Birmingham School of Dentistry, Birmingham, UK
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41
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Periodontol 2019; 89 Suppl 1:S46-S73. [PMID: 29926936 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical gingival inflammation is a well-defined site-specific condition for which several measurement systems have been proposed and validated, and epidemiological studies consistently indicate its high prevalence globally. However, it is clear that defining and grading a gingival inflammatory condition at a site level (i.e. a "gingivitis site") is completely different from defining and grading a "gingivitis case" (GC) (i.e. a patient affected by gingivitis), and that a "gingivitis site" does not necessarily mean a "GC". The purpose of the present review is to summarize the evidence on clinical, biochemical, microbiologic, genetic markers as well as symptoms associated with plaque-induced gingivitis and to propose a set of criteria to define GC. IMPORTANCE A universally accepted case definition for gingivitis would provide the necessary information to enable oral health professionals to assess the effectiveness of their prevention strategies and treatment regimens; help set priorities for therapeutic actions/programs by health care providers; and undertake surveillance. FINDINGS Based on available methods to assess gingival inflammation, GC could be simply, objectively and accurately identified and graded using bleeding on probing score (BOP%) CONCLUSIONS: A patient with intact periodontium would be diagnosed as a GC according to a BOP score ≥ 10%, further classified as localized (BOP score ≥ 10% and ≤30%) or generalized (BOP score > 30%). The proposed classification may also apply to patients with a reduced periodontium, where a GC would characterize a patient with attachment loss and BOP score ≥ 10%, but without BOP in any site probing ≥4 mm in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Operative Unit of Dentistry, University-Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cléverson O Silva
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Dimitris N Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Pini Prato GP, Chambrone L. Orthodontic treatment in periodontal patients: The use of periodontal gold standards to overcome the “grey zone”. J Periodontol 2019; 91:437-441. [DOI: 10.1002/jper.19-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leandro Chambrone
- School of DentistryIbirapuera University (Unib) São Paulo Brazil
- Unit of Basic Oral Investigation (UIBO)School of DentistryUniversidad El Bosque Bogota Colombia
- Department of PeriodonticsCollege of Dentistry and Dental ClinicsThe University of Iowa Iowa City IA USA
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43
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The association between periodontitis and dyslipidemia according to smoking and harmful alcohol use in a representative sample of Korean adults. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 24:937-944. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02989-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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44
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Roy M, Gastaldi G, Courvoisier DS, Mombelli A, Giannopoulou C. Periodontal health in a cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Clin Exp Dent Res 2019; 5:243-249. [PMID: 31249705 PMCID: PMC6585577 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate periodontal health and oral health behaviors in a cohort of subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D), 50 persons with T1D (30 males and 20 females; mean age: 35.2 years) were recruited from the Diabetology Unit of the Geneva University Hospitals; 50 nondiabetic persons matched for gender, age, and smoking status comprised the control group. We assessed periodontal health using the gingival index (GI), plaque index, probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and clinical attachment level (CAL) and recorded self-reported attitudes and behaviors regarding dental care. The two groups were compared using conditional logistic regression. With respect to the mean PD, CAL, and the mean number of sites with PD >4 mm that bled upon probing, there were no significant differences between the groups. However, subjects with diabetes had significantly more plaque and gingival inflammation and presented more sites with BOP compared with control subjects. Further analysis of the subjects in younger (<40 years) and older (>40 years) cohorts revealed a marked difference in GI between younger healthy and controls, which was also present in older patients and controls but much reduced in magnitude and significance. This marked difference in the gingival health of young versus old diabetic patients to matched controls may provide diagnostic advantages and screening and prevention opportunities to exploit. In spite of similar self-reported oral hygiene habits and frequency of dental visits, patients with T1D presented more plaque and more inflammation than healthy controls, particularly in the younger subjects. Gingivitis in young T1D patients may be an early indicator for more complicated diabetes and periodontitis in the future. Thus, patients with T1D mellitus should be screened for signs of periodontal disease early and should be motivated and instructed in good oral hygiene practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Roy
- Division of PeriodontologyUniversity Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Andrea Mombelli
- Division of PeriodontologyUniversity Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
| | - Catherine Giannopoulou
- Division of PeriodontologyUniversity Clinics of Dental Medicine, University of GenevaGenevaSwitzerland
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Acharya A, Muralidharan S, Mallaiah P, Margabandhu S, Garale S, Giri M. Efficacy of dental floss as an adjunct to toothbrushing in dental plaque and gingivitis: An open-labeled clinical nonexperimental study. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_30_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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46
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Chapple IL, Mealey BL, Van Dyke TE, Bartold PM, Dommisch H, Eickholz P, Geisinger ML, Genco RJ, Glogauer M, Goldstein M, Griffin TJ, Holmstrup P, Johnson GK, Kapila Y, Lang NP, Meyle J, Murakami S, Plemons J, Romito GA, Shapira L, Tatakis DN, Teughels W, Trombelli L, Walter C, Wimmer G, Xenoudi P, Yoshie H. Periodontal health and gingival diseases and conditions on an intact and a reduced periodontium: Consensus report of workgroup 1 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S68-S77. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iain L.C. Chapple
- Periodontal Research Group; Institute of Clinical Sciences; College of Medical & Dental Sciences; University of Birmingham; UK
| | - Brian L. Mealey
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; USA
| | | | | | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Germany
| | - Peter Eickholz
- Department of Periodontology, Center for Oral Medicine; Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt; Germany
| | | | | | | | - Moshe Goldstein
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dental Medicine; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Terrence J. Griffin
- Periodontal Department; Tufts University School of Dental Medicine; Boston MA USA
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Periodontology; Section 1; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Denmark
| | - Georgia K. Johnson
- Department of Periodontology; University of Iowa College of Dentistry; Iowa City IA USA
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- Orofacial Sciences; University of California San Francisco; USA
| | - Niklaus P. Lang
- Department of Periodontology; University of Bern; Switzerland
| | - Joerg Meyle
- Department of Periodontology; University of Giessen; Germany
| | - Shinya Murakami
- Department of Periodontology; Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University; Japan
| | - Jacqueline Plemons
- Department of Periodontics; Texas A&M College of Dentistry; Dallas TX USA
| | - Giuseppe A. Romito
- Division of Periodontology; Department of Stomatology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Lior Shapira
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Dental Medicine; Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center; Jerusalem Israel
| | - Dimitris N. Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences; Periodontology; KU Leuven & Dentistry; University Hospitals Leuven; Belgium
| | - Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Center for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases; University of Ferrara; Italy
| | - Clemens Walter
- Department of Periodontology, Endodontology & Cariology; University Centre for Dental Medicine; University of Basel School of Dentistry; Switzerland
| | - Gernot Wimmer
- Department of Prosthodontics; School of Dentistry, Medical University Graz; Austria
| | - Pinelopi Xenoudi
- Orofacial Sciences; School of Dentistry; University of California San Francisco; USA
| | - Hiromasa Yoshie
- Division of Periodontology; Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences; Japan
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47
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Murakami S, Mealey BL, Mariotti A, Chapple IL. Dental plaque-induced gingival conditions. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S17-S27. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Murakami
- Osaka University; Graduate School of Dentistry-Department of Periodontology; Osaka Japan
| | - Brian L. Mealey
- Department of Periodontics; The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Angelo Mariotti
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
| | - Iain L.C. Chapple
- Department of Periodontology; University of Birmingham School of Dentistry; Birmingham UK
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48
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Trombelli L, Farina R, Silva CO, Tatakis DN. Plaque-induced gingivitis: Case definition and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol 2018; 45 Suppl 20:S44-S67. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trombelli
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry; University-Hospital of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | - Roberto Farina
- Research Centre for the Study of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases; University of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
- Operative Unit of Dentistry; University-Hospital of Ferrara; Ferrara Italy
| | | | - Dimitris N. Tatakis
- Division of Periodontology; College of Dentistry; The Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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Muniz FWMG, Costa RDSA, Cavagni J, Milanesi FC, Hilgert JB, Gomes SC, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK. Body fat rather than body mass index is associated with gingivitis - A southern Brazilian cross-sectional study. J Periodontol 2018; 89:388-396. [PMID: 29603230 DOI: 10.1002/jper.17-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and body fat with gingivitis in 613 adults of Porto Alegre, Brazil. METHODS Individuals with at least four teeth were included in this study. They were identified through a multi-stage probability sampling, considering the city distribution of sex and age. Structured interviews were conducted by trained researchers in order to collect sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral habits, and systemic impaired conditions. Visible plaque and modified gingival index were assessed by a trained and calibrated examiner. Additionally, weight, height, and body fat percentage were measured. Body fat percentage was determined by bioelectrical-impedance analysis using a portable electrical micro-current monitor. The median sites with marginal bleeding was 20%, and used as a cutoff point for gingivitis. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratio by mean Poisson regression with robust variance were calculated. Two multivariable models were performed in order to associate both independent and dependent variables. RESULTS In the multivariable analysis that included BMI, no significant association with gingivitis was detected. On the other hand, the multivariable model that included body fat showed that very high body fat category (PR 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.49) was significantly associated with higher marginal gingival bleeding. CONCLUSION Very high body fat category rather than BMI was significantly associated with higher positive marginal gingival bleeding in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juliano Cavagni
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Carpes Milanesi
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Juliana Balbinot Hilgert
- Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Carvalho Gomes
- Preventive and Social Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rui Vicente Oppermann
- Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Chatzopoulos G, Doufexi AE, Wolff L, Kouvatsi A. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms and the risk of further periodontal disease progression. Braz Oral Res 2018. [PMID: 29538476 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2018.vol32.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptible genotypes to periodontal disease are associated with disease onset and progression. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of gene polymorphisms on the risk of further disease progression and the need for further treatment among adults with chronic periodontal disease. Sixty-seven patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were grouped according to genotype status and risk of further progression of disease and tooth loss. All individuals were clinically evaluated for probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss and bleeding on probing at baseline and 45 days after treatment. Blood samples were collected at baseline and genotyping of the polymorphisms in IL-6 (rs1800796) and IL-10 (rs1800872) genes were performed by PCR. Following DNA separation and genotyping, 65.7% of the patients were homozygous carriers of the IL-6 -572G and 49.3% were carriers of the IL-10 -592A allele. Individuals at risk of disease progression ranged from 7.5% to 62.7% based on the criteria used. Carriers of the IL-10 -592A allele were significantly associated with BOP ≥ 30% and therefore exhibited a higher risk of further periodontal breakdown (p = 0.018) with an odds ratio of 1.18. None of the other definitions of disease progression were significantly associated with the examined IL-6 and IL-10 genotypes (p > 0.05). IL-10 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk of further disease progression and the potential need for further treatment following non-surgical periodontal treatment. Susceptible IL-6 genotypes were not associated with the risk of persisting or recurrent disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Chatzopoulos
- University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Larry Wolff
- University of Minnesota, School of Dentistry, Department of Surgical and Developmental Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Anastasia Kouvatsi
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Thessaloniki, Greece
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