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Siilbek E, Streimann K. Adaptation of the Communities That Care Youth Survey for Use in Estonia: A Pilot Study. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:483-500. [PMID: 38568317 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00777-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
The Communities That Care Youth Survey (CTCYS) assesses risk and protective factors, predicting a range of behavioural health problems, including substance use, violence, and delinquency. Although the survey has been adapted to other contexts and languages, further studies on cross-cultural adaptations, particularly in non-English speaking countries, are needed. In 2022, CTCYS was adapted for Estonia, incorporating 38 risk and protective factors, along with measures of substance use, antisocial behaviour, mental health problems, and self-harm. This study investigated the psychometric properties and applicability of the CTCYS in Estonia. The adaptation process involved translating and refining the US CTCYS, followed by focus group discussions with students and specialists and a pilot study in two municipalities, with data obtained from 265 students. A focus group with municipality members explored the measure's feasibility. Results indicate that the original CTC framework largely captures key issues within the Estonian context. Overall, the survey showed good validity, as evidenced by its ability to predict problem outcomes through both risk and protective factors. Regarding reliability, with the removal of one item, internal consistency reached acceptable levels for all but eight risk and protective factor subscales. The most problematic scales in the Estonian context were Prosocial Involvement, Social Skills, and Belief in the Moral Order. Municipality members perceived the measure as useful but highlighted some challenges regarding its practicality and comprehensibility. It became clear that other elements are needed to effectively support communities in using the CTCYS results for preventive efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike Siilbek
- National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia.
- University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.
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Crusto CA, Hooper LM, Arora IS. Preventing Sexual Harassment in Higher Education: A Framework for Prevention Science Program Development. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:501-520. [PMID: 38613725 PMCID: PMC11271342 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00780-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Sexual harassment is an intractable problem that harms the students, community, culture, and success of institutes of higher education (IHEs). The alarming prevalence of sexual harassment at IHEs highlights the urgent need for effective prevention programs. However, there are few empirically supported preventive interventions that effectively target the factors that most impact the determinants, trajectory, and short- and intermediate-term effects of sexual harassment. In this paper, we overview the problem of sexual harassment and propose an organizing framework to help IHEs develop effective interventions to prevent sexual harassment. Guided by prevention science, we propose a framework-modified from SAMHSA's (2019) guidelines for prevention practitioners-that underscores the criticality of trauma- and equity-informed characteristics in prevention programs. We offer a discussion on how IHEs must consider and evaluate the empirical evidence of effectiveness, flexibility, cultural competency, and sustainability when developing and adapting prevention programs to reduce and-ultimately-ameliorate sexual harassment. We conclude with recommendations that can provide a roadmap for higher education stakeholders and researchers to prevent this urgent public health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy A Crusto
- Office for Women in Medicine and Science, Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lisa M Hooper
- Center for Educational Transformation, University of Northern Iowa, Cedar Falls, Iowa, USA
| | - Ishita S Arora
- Office for Women in Medicine and Science, Office of Diversity, Equity and Inclusion, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Ghelfi M, Scattola P, Giudici G, Velasco V. Online Gambling: A Systematic Review of Risk and Protective Factors in the Adult Population. J Gambl Stud 2024; 40:673-699. [PMID: 37964161 PMCID: PMC11272810 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-023-10258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, internet gambling has seen strong growth and diffusion due to intrinsic characteristics that make it particularly attractive to players (accessibility, anonymity, variety of games). This paper aims to present the current state of knowledge of the risk and protective factors of online gambling. A literature search conducted in the PubMed, PsychInfo, and Scopus databases found 42 articles, which were included in the review. Methodological aspects and risk and protective factors were analysed cross-sectionally. The results concerning risk and protective factors were distinguished by the level of analysis: individual, relational, and contextual. Two types of comparisons were considered: online vs. offline gamblers and online nonproblematic vs. problematic gamblers. The results of the two comparisons were juxtaposed to analyse their consistency and the different associations with factors. In general, the review showed that risk factors and variables at the individual level are investigated to a greater extent, while protective factors at the relational and contextual level need more in-depth study in future research. More specifically, this review found that even if online and offline gamblers shared most risk and protective factors, there are variables that they would not have in common. These factors could be important to consider in preventive interventions aimed at online gamblers and online problematic gamblers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ghelfi
- Psychology Department, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Scattola
- Società Cooperativa Sociale Piccolo Principe, 24061, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gilberto Giudici
- Società Cooperativa Sociale Piccolo Principe, 24061, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Veronica Velasco
- Psychology Department, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126, Milan, Italy
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Maya Jariego I, Muñoz Alvis A, Villar Onrubia D. Using personal network analysis to understand the interaction between programmes' facilitators and teachers in psychoeducational interventions. EVALUATION AND PROGRAM PLANNING 2024; 103:102410. [PMID: 38367350 DOI: 10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2024.102410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
In this study we use personal network analysis to examine the social relationships taking place throughout programme implementation. Previous literature on psychosocial intervention has used network analysis techniques to examine: (a) the interaction between participants, (b) the facilitators' link to the intervention target group, (c) the transfer of knowledge between experts and facilitators, and (d) the interaction of facilitators with each other. However, there has been little research on how facilitators connect with other figures in their organisational context, impacting both intervention fidelity and the fit of the programme to the local context. In this study we combine the analysis of personal networks with qualitative interviews with 102 teachers in 72 schools in Barranquilla (Colombia), with whom we describe the implementation of the psychoeducational programmes Pisotón and Metodologías Flexibles. The results show that programme implementation networks not only rely on facilitators but also on the contribution of the schools' director of studies, the coupling with the regular classroom teachers, and occasional collaborations from the rest of the school staff. After conducting a cluster analysis, we detected the existence of two types of personal networks, some based on the functioning of highly cohesive teams and others with a greater level of centralisation around the head of studies. Implementation networks not only enable the implementation of programme activities, but also the integration of the programme into educational organisations. In the discussion we reflect on how the analysis of facilitators' personal networks can be used to improve the process of programme implementation.
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Rhodes CA, Wolchik SA, Uhlman RN, O'Hara KL, Sandler IN, Tein JY, Porter MM. Effects of a preventive parenting intervention for bereaved families on the intergenerational transmission of parenting attitudes: Mediating processes. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:2482-2498. [PMID: 37559382 PMCID: PMC10947508 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated whether the Family Bereavement Program (FBP), a prevention program for parentally bereaved families, improved parenting attitudes toward parental warmth and physical punishment in young adult offspring 15 years after participation and identified mediational cascade pathways. One hundred fifty-six parents and their 244 offspring participated. Data were collected at pretest (ages 8-16), posttest, and six- and 15-year follow-ups. Ethnicity of offspring was: 67% non-Hispanic Caucasian, 16% Hispanic, 7% African American, 3% Native American, 1% Asian or Pacific Islander, and 6% other; 54% were males. There was a direct effect of the FBP on attitudes toward physical punishment; offspring in the FBP had less favorable attitudes toward physical punishment. There were also indirect effects of the FBP on parenting attitudes. The results supported a cascade effects model in which intervention-induced improvements in parental warmth led to fewer externalizing problems in adolescence/emerging adulthood, which in turn led to less favorable attitudes toward physical punishment. In addition, intervention-induced improvements in parental warmth led to improvements in anxious romantic attachment in mid-to-late adolescence/emerging adulthood, which led to more favorable attitudes toward parental warmth in emerging/young adulthood. These findings suggest that the effects of relatively brief prevention programs may persist into subsequent generations.
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Crapo JS, Bradford K, Kopystynska O, Spuhler BK, Higginbotham BJ. "No, It's You:" Dyadic perceived need for change predicts relationship education outcomes. JOURNAL OF MARITAL AND FAMILY THERAPY 2023; 49:802-824. [PMID: 37449433 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Relationship education (RE) efforts have been shown to help couples and individuals with a variety of family relationships. However, much still needs to be identified in terms of what factors are salient to outcomes. Drawing on therapeutic models of change, we have identified perceived need for change as one such potential factor. Using data from a couple RE course (n = 447 couples), we assessed how dyadic congruence and average ratings of each partner's need for change were associated with change in three RE outcomes: knowledge, communication, and commitment. In general, the more partners perceived that their partner needed to change, above and beyond what their partner thought, the less change occurred. Implications for RE programming and implementation are discussed, as well as the potential role of therapeutic models and techniques in RE.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Scott Crapo
- Department of Human Development, Family Studies at Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Kay Bradford
- Department of Human Development, Family Studies at Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
| | - Olena Kopystynska
- Department of Family Life and Human Development, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, Utah, USA
| | - Bryan K Spuhler
- School of Child and Family Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Brian J Higginbotham
- Department of Human Development, Family Studies at Utah State University, Logan, Utah, USA
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Weaver RH, Bolkan C, Coatsworth JD, Hill LG. Introduction to the Special Issue: Toward a Lifespan Prevention Science - A Focus on Middle and Late Adulthood. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:799-807. [PMID: 37249730 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The interdisciplinary field of prevention science was founded on the premise of a lifespan developmental model. Prevention scientists have developed a strong set of tools and intervention technologies for understanding and potentially modifying risk and protective factors through early adulthood. However, there is a demographic imperative to apply prevention science principles to health issues in middle and late adulthood. The articles in this special issue utilize a variety of methods to investigate important scientific questions about how theories, methodologies, and interventions applied in the science of prevention can be usefully integrated into the study of health and wellness in middle and late adulthood. More specifically, contributions (1) highlight current empirical research that draws on lifespan developmental science to address the unique prevention and intervention needs in middle and late adulthood, (2) illustrate the opportunities and challenges of a lifespan approach to prevention science with special attention to middle and late adulthood, and (3) identify additional areas that prevention science can contribute to advancements in middle and late adulthood. These articles provide a glimpse into the challenges and opportunities at the intersection of prevention science and gerontology. As a field, we have much room to grow in leveraging innovative tools, approaches, and efforts to best support older adults' physical, mental, and social health, particularly for diverse and under-served populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven H Weaver
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Cory Bolkan
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | | | - Laura G Hill
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Rowhani-Rahbar A, Oesterle S, Gause EL, Kuklinski MR, Ellyson AM, Schleimer JP, Dalve K, Weybright EH, Briney JS, Hawkins JD. Effect of the Communities That Care Prevention System on Adolescent Handgun Carrying: A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e236699. [PMID: 37022682 PMCID: PMC10080373 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.6699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance There is little information on upstream community-based interventions that reduce the prevalence of handgun carrying among adolescents, especially those growing up in rural areas. Objective To test whether Communities That Care (CTC), a community-based prevention system focusing on risk and protective factors for behavioral problems early in life, reduces handgun carrying prevalence among adolescents growing up in rural areas. Design, Setting, and Participants Community-randomized trial of 24 small towns in 7 states assigned randomly to the CTC or control group with outcomes assessed from 2003 to 2011. Participants were youths attending public schools in grade 5 who received consent from their parents to participate (77% of the eligible population) and were repeatedly surveyed through grade 12 with 92% retention. Analyses were conducted from June to November 2022. Interventions A coalition of community stakeholders received training and technical assistance to install CTC, used local epidemiologic data to identify elevated risk factors and low protective factors for adolescent behavioral problems, and implemented tested preventive interventions for youth, their families, and schools. Main Outcomes and Measures Handgun carrying (never vs at least once) operationalized in 2 ways: (1) prevalence of past-year handgun carrying, and (2) cumulative prevalence of handgun carrying from grade 6 through grade 12. Results Overall, the 4407 study participants' mean (SD) age was 12 (.4) years in both CTC (2405 participants) and control (2002 participants) communities in grade 6; about one-half of participants in each group were female (1220 [50.7 %] in the CTC group and 962 [48.1%] in the control group). From grade 6 through grade 12, 15.5% of participants in CTC communities and 20.7% of those in control communities reported carrying a handgun at least once. Youths in CTC communities were significantly less likely to report handgun carrying at a given grade than those in control communities (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% CI, 0.65-0.82). The most pronounced effects were observed in grade 7 (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.42-0.99), grade 8 (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.41-0.74), and grade 9 (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.39-0.91). Cumulatively from grade 6 through grade 12, youths in CTC communities were significantly less likely to report handgun carrying at least once than those in control communities (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.70-0.84). Overall, CTC reduced the prevalence of past-year handgun carrying by 27% at a given grade and by 24% cumulatively through grade 12. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, CTC reduced the prevalence of adolescent handgun carrying in participating communities. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01088542.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emma L. Gause
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Margaret R. Kuklinski
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | | | - Kimberly Dalve
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - John S. Briney
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - J. David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle
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Garcia-Cerde R, Valente JY, Sanchez ZM. Effects on secondary outcomes of the Brazilian version of the European unplugged drug use prevention program: drug knowledge, intention predictors, and life skill competencies. DRUGS: EDUCATION, PREVENTION AND POLICY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09687637.2022.2161347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Garcia-Cerde
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Juliana Y. Valente
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
| | - Zila M. Sanchez
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil
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Boyd RC, Castro FG, Finigan-Carr N, Okamoto SK, Barlow A, Kim BKE, Lambert S, Lloyd J, Zhang X, Barksdale CL, Crowley DM, Maldonado-Molina M, Obasi EM, Kenney A. Strategic Directions in Preventive Intervention Research to Advance Health Equity. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2022; 24:577-596. [PMID: 36469162 PMCID: PMC9734404 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-022-01462-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
As commissioned by the Society for Prevention Research, this paper describes and illustrates strategic approaches for reducing health inequities and advancing health equity when adopting an equity-focused approach for applying prevention science evidence-based theory, methodologies, and practices. We introduce an ecosystemic framework as a guide for analyzing, designing, and planning innovative equity-focused evidence-based preventive interventions designed to attain intended health equity outcomes. To advance this process, we introduce a health equity statement for conducting integrative analyses of ecosystemic framework pathways, by describing the role of social determinants, mechanisms, and interventions as factors directly linked to specific health equity outcomes. As background, we present health equity constructs, theories, and research evidence which can inform the design and development of equity-focused intervention approaches. We also describe multi-level interventions that when coordinated can produce synergistic intervention effects across macro, meso, and micro ecological levels. Under this approach, we encourage prevention and implementation scientists to apply and extend these strategic directions in future research to increase our evidence-based knowledge and theory building. A general goal is to apply prevention science knowledge to design, widely disseminate, and implement culturally grounded interventions that incrementally attain specific HE outcomes and an intended HE goal. We conclude with recommendations for conducting equity-focused prevention science research, interventions, and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda C Boyd
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Allison Barlow
- John Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Lloyd
- Office of Disease Prevention, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Xinzhi Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Crystal L Barksdale
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Anne Kenney
- John Hopkins Center for American Indian Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Brincks AM, Perrino T, Howe GW. Secondary Analysis to Inform the Development of Adaptive Preventive Interventions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2022; 25:646-657. [PMID: 35925439 PMCID: PMC10153946 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-022-00408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
For the past 30 years, scholars across the fields of epidemiology, education, psychology, and numerous other fields have worked to develop interventions designed to reduce risk and enhance protection to prevent mental, emotional, and behavioral problems across the lifespan. This article presents a series of next steps that leverage this foundational science to inform the development of adaptive preventive interventions. Adaptive preventive interventions (APIs) tailor the intervention to fit the diverse, sometimes changing, needs of participants with the goal of better prevention outcomes for more individuals. Secondary analyses of data from preventive intervention trials to identify moderators, mediators, and antecedents of attrition and intervention failure can be useful for designing effective APIs. Moderators that identify intervention effect heterogeneity can be used within an API to tailor the intervention to meet the unique needs of important participant subgroups. Mediators and predictors of disengagement and attrition can be helpful tailoring variables in an API to trigger change to the intervention. Preventive intervention trials that incorporate frequent assessment of potential mediators, moderators, and antecedents of attrition during the intervention period are needed. Secondary analyses of data from preventive intervention trials provide an important foundation for next-generation APIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahnalee M Brincks
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, 522 West Circle Drive, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
| | - Tatiana Perrino
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - George W Howe
- Department of Psychology, George Washington University, Washington, D.C, USA
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Held ML, First JM, Huslage M. Effects of COVID-19, Discrimination, and Social Support on Latinx Adult Mental Health. J Immigr Minor Health 2022; 24:1446-1458. [PMID: 35841445 PMCID: PMC9288212 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of COVID-19 exposure and discrimination on depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Latinx adults residing in the southeastern United States. Survey data were collected from 264 Latinx adults. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures, we estimated a structural model for hypothesized direct and indirect relationships between the risk factors of COVID-19 exposure and discrimination, social support, and two mental health conditions: depression and posttraumatic stress. COVID-19 exposure and discrimination each had a significant and positive relationship with both depression and posttraumatic stress. Social support was found to have a significant and inverse relationship with depression and posttraumatic stress, as well as to mediate the relationship between discrimination and both mental health symptoms. Implications for service provision and program design are presented. Future studies should examine variation between southeastern states and consider the influence of documentation status among an immigrant-only sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lehman Held
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, TN, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Jennifer M First
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, TN, Knoxville, USA
| | - Melody Huslage
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, TN, Knoxville, USA
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Kvillemo P, Strandberg AK, Gripenberg J. Attitudes to Cannabis Use and Public Prevention Information Among Young Adults: A Qualitative Interview Study With Implications for Prevention Practice. Front Public Health 2022; 10:830201. [PMID: 35812509 PMCID: PMC9261461 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.830201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cannabis use carries an increased risk of ill health and social problems, especially when initiated at a young age. Drug use is influenced by individual beliefs, knowledge, and attitudes, which are, in turn, governed by social and environmental factors. In recent years, a less restrictive attitude toward cannabis has been observed in many countries, with concerns about increased cannabis use among young people. The aim of the current study was to gain a deeper understanding of young adults' attitudes toward cannabis use and public prevention information about cannabis. Methods A qualitative interview study was conducted among 32 anonymous informants aged 18-29 years in the Stockholm region. Participants were recruited through purposeful sampling, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted using a digital video calling platform. A qualitative content analysis of the interviews was performed to generate categories and codes for cannabis use and attitudes toward prevention information. Results Both cannabis users and abstainers perceived some risks with cannabis; however, for many users, the positive effects appeared to outweigh any expected harm. Furthermore, the existing public information was perceived as less credible because of an excessive focus on harm. The informants expressed a desire for neutral facts about the effects of cannabis, delivered by credible senders. Moreover, they felt that prevention information should be delivered by individuals whom young people look up to or with whom they can identify, for example, people with authority or famous people such as influencers. The informants also underlined the importance of dialogue with the target group and taking young people's experiences into account when providing information about cannabis. Conclusion Current risk awareness associated with cannabis use among young adults is insufficient to prevent them from using cannabis. Public prevention information should preferably combine a fact-based focus on risks with recognition of cannabis' short-term desired effects, delivered by credible senders with authority or those with whom young people can identify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kvillemo
- Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems (STAD), Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Martínez Rodríguez DL, González Vázquez T, Márquez Serrano M, de Groot M, Fernandez A, Gonzalez Casanova I. A Window Into Mental Health: Developing and Pilot-Testing a Mental Health Promotion Intervention for Mexican Immigrants Through the Ventanilla de Salud Program. Front Public Health 2022; 10:877465. [PMID: 35493364 PMCID: PMC9051334 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.877465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mexican immigrants in the United States face mental health challenges, disparities, and limited access to healthcare; however, mental health promotion efforts specifically targeting this population have been insufficient. The objective of this study was to develop and test a mental health promotion intervention based on protective mental health factors and coping strategies for Mexican immigrants recruited through a free, consulate-based program in Atlanta. Material and Methods Working with the Ventanilla de Salud program, we conducted a longitudinal study in three phases: formative research and design, pre-intervention assessment and post-implementation evaluation. The intervention was designed based on the health promotion model and interviews with stakeholders. Qualitative information was collected by semi-structured interviews with participants before and after the intervention. Quantitative outcomes were knowledge about protective factors and coping mechanisms, and psychosocial distress. Differences were assessed using the Wilcoxon non-parametrical test. Intent-to-treat analysis was conducted with all participants who signed the informed consent (carrying last observation forward), and a complete case analysis was conducted with those who attended at least 70% of the sessions and completed the post- implementation evaluation. Results Twenty-five participants were enrolled in the intervention. Mean age was 38 years, and the majority were women. Only nine participants attended at least 70% of the sessions and completed the final evaluation. Men, those who did not complete high school, and workers in service or construction jobs were more likely to drop out. Knowledge about protective factors [pre- vs. post-intervention median (inter-quartile range) = 111 (100, 120) vs. 115 (100, 124)] and coping mechanisms [96 (85, 104) vs. 99 (90, 110)], as well as psychosocial distress [3 (2, 3) vs. 2 (2, 3)] improved after the intervention in both intent-to treat and complete case analyses (p < 0.05). Qualitative results also support improvements in targeted protective factors. Discussion The intervention was successful in improving psychological distress among Mexican immigrants. These results support the implementation of evidence-based mental health promotion interventions among Mexican immigrants via free and familiar programs. A limitation was the high attrition; future studies should explore approaches to improve retention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Lilian Martínez Rodríguez
- School of Public Health of Mexico, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- Oaxaca Health Services, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - Tonatiuh González Vázquez
- Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Tonatiuh González Vázquez
| | | | - Mary de Groot
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Alicia Fernandez
- Department of Medicine, San Francisco School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ines Gonzalez Casanova
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University Bloomington School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Hubert Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Ines Gonzalez Casanova
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15
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Chafouleas SM, Iovino EA. Engaging a Whole Child, School, and Community Lens in Positive Education to Advance Equity in Schools. Front Psychol 2021; 12:758788. [PMID: 34925162 PMCID: PMC8675905 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.758788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent decades of education policy, research, and practice have brought focus on a positive education approach as applied within tiered service delivery frameworks to meet diverse needs of varied intensities. Related, the science of implementation has begun to increase understanding of supports to strengthen use of a positive education approach within tiered service delivery frameworks. To date, the body of work has fostered important shifts in how problems are viewed and addressed using a positive lens, supporting more equitable opportunity in education. To realize the full potential, however, there is a need to integrate theory and science as embedded within a whole child, school, and community lens. We propose that positive education will advance equity when grounded in integrated theory and science across developmental systems theory, prevention science, ecological systems theory, and implementation science. We first provide a brief overview of schools as a context to serve as assets or risks to equity, followed by a discussion of theory and science using a whole child, whole school, and whole community lens. We end with directions for science and practice in advancing a positive education approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Chafouleas
- Collaboratory on School and Child Health, Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States.,Department of Educational Psychology, Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Emily A Iovino
- Collaboratory on School and Child Health, Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States.,Department of Educational Psychology, Neag School of Education, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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16
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Kvillemo P, Hiltunen L, Demetry Y, Carlander AK, Hansson T, Gripenberg J, Elgán TH, Einhorn K, Skoglund C. How to prevent alcohol and illicit drug use among students in affluent areas: a qualitative study on motivation and attitudes towards prevention. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2021; 16:83. [PMID: 34743737 PMCID: PMC8573923 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-021-00420-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of alcohol and illicit drugs during adolescence can lead to serious short- and long-term health related consequences. Despite a global trend of decreased substance use, in particular alcohol, among adolescents, evidence suggests excessive use of substances by young people in socioeconomically affluent areas. To prevent substance use-related harm, we need in-depth knowledge about the reasons for substance use in this group and how they perceive various prevention interventions. The aim of the current study was to explore motives for using or abstaining from using substances among students in affluent areas as well as their attitudes to, and suggestions for, substance use prevention. METHODS Twenty high school students (age 15-19 years) in a Swedish affluent municipality were recruited through purposive sampling to take part in semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis of transcribed interviews was performed. RESULTS The most prominent motive for substance use appears to be a desire to feel a part of the social milieu and to have high social status within the peer group. Motives for abstaining included academic ambitions, activities requiring sobriety and parental influence. Students reported universal information-based prevention to be irrelevant and hesitation to use selective prevention interventions due to fear of being reported to authorities. Suggested universal prevention concerned reliable information from credible sources, stricter substance control measures for those providing substances, parental involvement, and social leisure activities without substance use. Suggested selective prevention included guaranteed confidentiality and non-judging encounters when seeking help. CONCLUSIONS Future research on substance use prevention targeting students in affluent areas should take into account the social milieu and with advantage pay attention to students' suggestions on credible prevention information, stricter control measures for substance providers, parental involvement, substance-free leisure, and confidential ways to seek help with a non-judging approach from adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Kvillemo
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linda Hiltunen
- Department of Social Studies, Linnaeus university, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Youstina Demetry
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Liljeholmstorget 7, 117 63, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Tim Hansson
- Psychiatry North West, Region Stockholm, Sollentunavägen 84, SE-191 22, Sollentuna, Sweden
| | - Johanna Gripenberg
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias H Elgán
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim Einhorn
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Skoglund
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Norra Stationsgatan 69, SE-113 64, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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17
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Allami Y, Hodgins DC, Young M, Brunelle N, Currie S, Dufour M, Flores‐Pajot M, Nadeau L. A meta-analysis of problem gambling risk factors in the general adult population. Addiction 2021; 116:2968-2977. [PMID: 33620735 PMCID: PMC8518930 DOI: 10.1111/add.15449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few meta-analyses have been conducted to pool the most constant risk factors for problem gambling. The present meta-analysis summarizes effect sizes of the most frequently assessed problem gambling risk factors, ranks them according to effect size strength and identifies any differences in effects across genders. METHOD A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on jurisdiction-wide gambling prevalence surveys on the general adult population published until March 2019. One hundred and four studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The number of participants varied depending on the risk factor analyzed, and ranged from 5327 to 273 946 (52% female). Weighted mean odds ratios were calculated for 57 risk factors (socio-demographic, psychosocial, gambling activity and substance use correlates), allowing them to be ranked from largest to smallest with regard to their association with problem gambling. RESULTS The highest odds ratio (OR) was for internet gambling [OR = 7.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.24, 10.99, P < 0.000] and the lowest was for employment status (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.87, 1.22, P = 0.718). The largest effect sizes were generally in the gambling activity category and the smallest were in the socio-demographic category. No differences were found across genders for age-associated risk. CONCLUSIONS A meta-analysis of 104 studies of gambling prevalence indicated that the most frequently assessed problem gambling risk factors with the highest effect sizes are associated with continuous-play format gambling products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef Allami
- ALLY Addiction ConsultingMontréalQCCanada,Centre de Réadaptation en Dépendance de Montréal, Institut UniversitaireCIUSSS du Centre‐Sud‐de‐l'Ile‐de‐MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Matthew Young
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and AddictionOttawaONCanada,Department of PsychologyCarleton UniversityOttawaONCanada
| | - Natacha Brunelle
- Département de psychoéducationUniversité du Québec à Trois‐RivièresTrois‐RivièresQC
| | - Shawn Currie
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Magali Dufour
- Département de psychologieUniversité du Québec à MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | | | - Louise Nadeau
- Département de psychologieUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
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18
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ATEŞ MY, KOÇ EM, AKSOY H. THE EFFECTS OF CHILDHOOD ABUSE AND NEGLECT ON ANXIETY, ANXIETY SENSITIVITY AND ACADEMIC SUCCESS: A UNIVERSITY SAMPLE. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2021. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.977406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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19
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Johansson M, Biglan A. The Group Nurturance Inventory - initial psychometric evaluation using Rasch and factor analysis. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1454. [PMID: 34311736 PMCID: PMC8311413 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes the development and psychometric evaluation of a behavioral assessment instrument primarily intended for use with workgroups in any type of organization. The instrument was developed based on the Nurturing Environments framework which describes four domains important for health, well-being, and productivity; minimizing toxic social interactions, teaching and reinforcing prosocial behaviors, limiting opportunities for problem behaviors, and promoting psychological flexibility. The instrument is freely available to use and adapt under a CC-BY license and intended as a tool that is easy for any group to use and interpret to identify key behaviors to improve their psychosocial work environment. METHODS Questionnaire data of perceived frequency of behaviors relevant to nurturance were collected from nine different organizations in Sweden. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis, Rasch analysis, and correlations to investigate relationships with relevant workplace measures. RESULTS The results indicate that the 23-item instrument is usefully divided in two factors, which can be described as risk and protective factors. Toxic social behaviors make up the risk factor, while the protective factor includes prosocial behavior, behaviors that limit problems, and psychological flexibility. Rasch analysis showed that the response categories work as intended for all items, item fit is satisfactory, and there was no significant differential item functioning across age or gender. Targeting indicates that measurement precision is skewed towards lower levels of both factors, while item thresholds are distributed over the range of participant abilities, particularly for the protective factor. A Rasch score table is available for ordinal to interval data transformation. CONCLUSIONS This initial analysis shows promising results, while more data is needed to investigate group-level measurement properties and validation against concrete longitudinal outcomes. We provide recommendations for how to work in practice with a group based on their assessment data, and how to optimize the measurement precision further. By using a two-dimensional assessment with ratings of both frequency and perceived importance of behaviors the instrument can help facilitate a participatory group development process. The Group Nurturance Inventory is freely available to use and adapt for both commercial and non-commercial use and could help promote transparent assessment practices in organizational and group development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Johansson
- Department of Behavioural Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 4, St. Olavs plass, NO-0130, Oslo, Norway.
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20
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Bush R, Russell AMT, Staiger PK, Waling A, Dowling NA. Risk and protective factors for the development of gambling-related harms and problems among Australian sexual minority men. BMC Psychol 2021; 9:102. [PMID: 34187562 PMCID: PMC8240316 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-021-00597-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sexual minority men (SMM) often experience stressful social environments dominated by stigma and discrimination. SMM are typically more likely than heterosexual men to engage in certain risky behaviours such as problem gambling. This study aimed to compare gambling behaviour among SMM and examine potential risk factors (erroneous gambling cognitions, gambling outcome expectancies, hazardous alcohol use, impulsivity, and psychological distress; as well as perceived stigma and discrimination for the SMM participants) and potential protective factors (resilience, social support, and community connectedness) for problem gambling severity and gambling-related harms among SMM living in Australia. Methods An online survey, with an over-representation of SMM participants and problem, moderate-risk, and low-risk gamblers, was completed by 101 SMM (mean age = 28.5) and 207 heterosexual men (mean age = 26.4). Results SMM were found to have significantly lower levels of problem gambling severity compared with heterosexual men, and report significantly lower gambling participation, frequencies and expenditure on any gambling activity, casino table games, horse racing/greyhound betting, sports betting, and keno. However, in the SMM group, 38.3% were classified in the problem gambling category of the Problem Gambling Severity Index and 27.6% were classified in the moderate-risk gambling category. There were no significant differences between groups in gambling-related harms. Multiple regression analyses revealed that problem gambling severity and related harms were independently predicted by higher levels of impulsivity and erroneous gambling cognitions for both groups. Conclusions Lower frequency of gambling behaviours among SMM and similar risk factors predicting problem gambling severity/harms for both groups suggests that problem gambling is not pronounced among SMM. This study adds new evidence to the gambling literature which can be used as comparative benchmarks for future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40359-021-00597-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Bush
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, BurwoodGeelong, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alex M T Russell
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, Level 6, 400 Kent St, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Petra K Staiger
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, BurwoodGeelong, 3125, Australia.,Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-Social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andrea Waling
- Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, NR6, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3086, Australia
| | - Nicki A Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, BurwoodGeelong, 3125, Australia.,Centre for Drug Use, Addictive and Anti-Social Behaviour Research (CEDAAR), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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21
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Bourdeau B, Miller BA, Byrnes HF, Woodall WG, Buller DB, Grube JW. Efficacy of a Web-Based Intervention (Smart Choices 4 Teens) for Facilitating Parent-Adolescent Communication About Relationships and Sexuality: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2021; 4:e19114. [PMID: 34128818 PMCID: PMC8277347 DOI: 10.2196/19114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for interventions that promote healthy decision making among adolescents and leverage the ongoing impact of parental relationships through older adolescence and young adulthood. These interventions should maximize adolescent engagement and be easily accessible to families in terms of cost, duration, and logistics related to participation. OBJECTIVE This study aims to test the efficacy of the healthy relationships and sexual decision-making component of a web-based intervention for older adolescents and their parents, ascertain whether the efficacy varies by gender, and assess its efficacy over time. METHODS A randomized controlled trial was conducted for the web-based, self-paced intervention Smart Choices 4 Teens from 2014 to 2015. Families (N=411) with adolescents aged 16-17 years were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition. Surveys assessing aspects of sexual communication were administered at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the impact of exposure to the relationships component of the intervention on sexual communication by parents, as reported by adolescents. RESULTS Less than half (88/206, 42.7%) of the intervention group participated in the third and final intervention component, which was focused on relationships and sexual decision making. Participation in the relationships component increased the frequency of parental sexual communication and increased the number of dating rules after accounting for other significant adolescent characteristics. The impact of the intervention varied little by gender, although it did demonstrate an impact on communication reports over the follow-up survey administrations. CONCLUSIONS Smart Choices 4 Teens demonstrated efficacy in increasing the frequency of sexual communication between parents and adolescents in the long term. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03521115; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03521115.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth Bourdeau
- Division of Prevention Science, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Brenda A Miller
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hilary F Byrnes
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Joel W Grube
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation, Berkeley, CA, United States
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22
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Cavell TA, Spencer R, McQuillin SD. Back to the Future: Mentoring as Means and End in Promoting Child Mental Health. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 50:281-299. [DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2021.1875327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Eskander J, Rajaguru PP, Greenberg PB. Evaluating Wellness Interventions for Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review. J Grad Med Educ 2021; 13:58-69. [PMID: 33680302 PMCID: PMC7901639 DOI: 10.4300/jgme-d-20-00359.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wellness initiatives implemented by graduate medical education programs can help mitigate burnout in resident physicians. OBJECTIVE This systematic review seeks to identify factors that impact the effectiveness of resident wellness interventions and to provide a conceptual framework to guide future interventions. METHODS Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 6 electronic databases were searched in November 2019 using variations of the keywords "resident physicians," "wellness," and "intervention." Peer-reviewed full-text English-language articles on controlled studies were considered for inclusion. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines. RESULTS The initial search disclosed 1196 articles, of which 18 studies enrolling 666 resident physicians met inclusion criteria for qualitative review. Interventions using peer support and individual meditation enhanced well-being. Effective wellness interventions also used educational theory to guide program development, surveyed participants to guide intervention design, incorporated programming into existing didactic curricula, and recruited voluntary participants. The quality of most of the included studies was poor (13 of 18, 72%) and could be improved by using standardized wellness assessments supported by validity evidence. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that future resident wellness initiatives should focus on grounding interventions in educational theory, forging consensus on wellness instruments with validity evidence, and examining the impact of initiatives on patient outcomes. A logic model can provide a framework for designing and implementing effective wellness interventions.
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24
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Lukacz ES, Constantine ML, Kane Low L, Lowder JL, Markland AD, Mueller ER, Newman DK, Rickey LM, Rockwood T, Rudser K. Rationale and design of the validation of bladder health instrument for evaluation in women (VIEW) protocol. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33413284 PMCID: PMC7789348 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01136-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Bladder health is an understudied state and difficult to measure due to lack of valid and reliable instruments. While condition specific questionnaires assess presence, severity and degree of bother from lower urinary tract symptoms, the absence of symptoms is insufficient to assume bladder health. This study describes the methodology used to validate a novel bladder health instrument to measure the spectrum of bladder health from very healthy to very unhealthy in population based and clinical research.
Methods Three samples of women are being recruited: a sample from a nationally representative general population and two locally recruited clinical center samples—women with a targeted range of symptom severity and type, and a postpartum group. The general population sample includes 694 women, 18 years or older, randomly selected from a US Postal delivery sequence file. Participants are randomly assigned to electronic or paper versions of the bladder health instrument along with a battery of criterion questionnaires and a demographic survey; followed by a retest or a two-day voiding symptom diary. A total of 354 women around 7 clinical centers are being recruited across a spectrum of self-reported symptoms and randomized to mode of completion. They complete the two-day voiding symptom diary as well as a one-day frequency volume diary prior to an in-person evaluation with a standardized cough stress test, non-invasive urine flowmetry, chemical urine analysis and post void residual measurement. Independent judge ratings of bladder health are obtained by interview with a qualified health care provider. A total of 154 postpartum women recruited around 6 of the centers are completing similar assessments within 6–12 weeks postpartum. Dimensional validity will be evaluated using factor analysis and principal components analysis with varimax rotation, and internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. Criterion validity will be assessed using multitrait-multimethod matrix including correlations across multiple data sources and multiple types of measures. Discussion We aim to validate a bladder health instrument to measure the degree of bladder health within the general population and among women (including postpartum) recruited from local clinical centers.
Trial registration NCT04016298 Posted July 11, 2019 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04016298?cond=bladder+health&draw=2&rank=1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily S Lukacz
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA. .,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego Health, 9500 Gilman Dr. #0971, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | | | - Lisa Kane Low
- Practice and Professional Graduate Programs, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jerry L Lowder
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alayne D Markland
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama At Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center (GRECC), Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Mueller
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Diane K Newman
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Rickey
- Departments of Urology and Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Todd Rockwood
- Division of Health Policy and Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Kyle Rudser
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Dowling N, Aarsman S, Merkouris S. Risk, compensatory, and protective factors in problem gambling: The role of positive mental health characteristics. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106604. [PMID: 32805541 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
There is a limited evidence base from which to draw conclusions about compensatory and protective factors for problem gambling. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for positive mental health characteristics (general coping, emotional support, spirituality, interpersonal skills, personal growth and autonomy, and global affect) to play a compensatory role and protective role in problem gambling in a convenience sample of 499 Australian university students. Hazardous alcohol use, past-year substance use, gambling-related cognitions (interpretive bias, illusion of control, predictive control, gambling-related expectancies, and perceived inability to stop gambling), gambling high-risk situations (negative and positive reinforcement situations), and gambling motives (money, positive feelings, regulate internal state, and challenge) positively predicted problem gambling severity. None of the positive mental health characteristics negatively predicted problem gambling severity, suggesting that these factors did not play a compensatory role. However, emotional support, personal growth and autonomy, and global affect buffered the influence of gambling motives and high-risk situations, suggesting that these factors played a protective role. In contrast, spirituality displayed a direct positive predictive relationship with problem gambling severity, suggesting that it served to act as a risk factor in this sample. The identification of these modifiable risk and protective factors has implications for the development of effective prevention and intervention initiatives. Further longitudinal research employing population-representative samples is required to replicate these results and investigate relationship-, community-, and societal-level risk, compensatory and protective factors associated with the development of problem gambling.
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Kočárová R, Horáček J, Carhart-Harris R. Does Psychedelic Therapy Have a Transdiagnostic Action and Prophylactic Potential? Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:661233. [PMID: 34349678 PMCID: PMC8327748 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.661233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Addressing global mental health is a major 21st-century challenge. Current treatments have recognized limitations; in this context, new ones that are prophylactic and effective across diagnostic boundaries would represent a major advance. The view that there exists a core of transdiagnostic overlap between psychiatric disorders has re-emerged in recent years, and evidence that psychedelic therapy holds promise for a range of psychiatric disorders supports the position that it may be transdiagnostically effective. Here, we propose that psychedelic therapy's core, transdiagnostically relevant action lies in its ability to increase neuronal and mental plasticity, thus enhancing the potential for change, which we consider to be a key to its therapeutic benefits. Moreover, we suggest that enhanced plasticity via psychedelics, combined with a psychotherapeutic approach, can aid healthy adaptability and resilience, which are protective factors for long-term well-being. We present candidate neurological and psychological markers of this plasticity and link them with a predictive processing model of the action of psychedelics. We propose that a model of psychedelic-induced plasticity combined with an adequate therapeutic context has prophylactic and transdiagnostic potential, implying that it could have a broad, positive impact on public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Kočárová
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, Prague, Czechia.,Beyond Psychedelics, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Horáček
- Department of Applied Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czechia.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Robin Carhart-Harris
- Centre for Psychedelic Research, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Hentges RF, Krug CMW, Shaw DS, Wilson MN, Dishion TJ, Lemery-Chalfant K. The long-term indirect effect of the early Family Check-Up intervention on adolescent internalizing and externalizing symptoms via inhibitory control. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 32:1544-1554. [PMID: 31896379 PMCID: PMC7332376 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419001482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the long-term effects of a randomized controlled trial of the Family Check-Up (FCU) intervention initiated at age 2 on inhibitory control in middle childhood and adolescent internalizing and externalizing problems. We hypothesized that the FCU would promote higher inhibitory control in middle childhood relative to the control group, which in turn would be associated with lower internalizing and externalizing symptomology at age 14. Participants were 731 families, with half (n = 367) of the families assigned to the FCU intervention. Using an intent-to-treat design, results indicate that the FCU intervention was indirectly associated with both lower internalizing and externalizing symptoms at age 14 via its effect on increased inhibitory control in middle childhood (i.e., ages 8.5-10.5). Findings highlight the potential for interventions initiated in toddlerhood to have long-term impacts on self-regulation processes, which can further reduce the risk for behavioral and emotional difficulties in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle F. Hentges
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Daniel S. Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Melvin N. Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Applying Principles from Prevention and Implementation Sciences to Optimize the Dissemination of Family Feeding Interventions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17197038. [PMID: 32993021 PMCID: PMC7579193 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Because families are the primary food socialization agent for children, they are a key target for nutrition interventions promoting healthy eating development. Although researchers and clinicians have developed and tested successful family nutrition interventions, few have gained widespread dissemination. Prevention and implementation science disciplines can inform the design, testing, and dissemination of feeding interventions to advance the goals of widespread adoption and population health impact. We review concepts and frameworks from prevention science and dissemination and implementation (D&I) research that are useful to consider in designing, implementing, and evaluating feeding interventions. Risk and protective factor frameworks, types of translation processes, and implementation dimensions are explained. Specifically, we address how research–practice partnerships can reduce time to dissemination, how designing for modularity can allow for contextual adaptation, how articulating core components can strengthen fidelity and guide adaptation, and how establishing technical assistance infrastructure supports these processes. Finally, we review strategies for building capacity in D&I research and practice for nutrition professionals. In sum, the research and knowledge bases from prevention and implementation sciences offer guidance on designing and delivering family interventions in ways that maximize the potential for their broad dissemination, reducing time to translation and optimizing interventions for real-world settings.
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Kassing F, Godwin J, Lochman JE, Coie JD. Using Early Childhood Behavior Problems to Predict Adult Convictions. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 47:765-778. [PMID: 30280365 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined whether teacher and parent ratings of externalizing behavior during kindergarten and 1st grade accurately predicted the presence of adult convictions by age 25. Data were collected as part of the Fast Track Project. Schools were identified based on poverty and crime rates in four locations: Durham, NC, Nashville, TN, Seattle, WA, and rural, central PA. Teacher and parent screening measures of externalizing behavior were collected at the end of kindergarten and 1st grade. ROC curves were used to visually depict the tradeoff between sensitivity and specificity and best model fit was determined. Five of the six combinations of screen scores across time points and raters met both the specificity and sensitivity cutoffs for a well-performing screening tool. When data were examined within each site separately, screen scores performed better in sites with high base rates and models including single teacher screens accurately predicted convictions. Similarly, screen scores performed better and could be used more parsimoniously for males, but not females (whose base rates were lower in this sample). Overall, results indicated that early elementary screens for conduct problems perform remarkably well when predicting criminal convictions 20 years later. However, because of variations in base rates, screens operated differently by gender and location. The results indicated that for populations with high base rates, convictions can be accurately predicted with as little as one teacher screen taken during kindergarten or 1st grade, increasing the cost-effectiveness of preventative interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Kassing
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA.
| | - Jennifer Godwin
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Box 90545, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - John E Lochman
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA
| | - John D Coie
- Center for Child and Family Policy, Duke University, Box 90545, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
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Brady SS, Brubaker L, Fok CS, Gahagan S, Lewis CE, Lewis J, Lowder JL, Nodora J, Stapleton A, Palmer MH. Development of Conceptual Models to Guide Public Health Research, Practice, and Policy: Synthesizing Traditional and Contemporary Paradigms. Health Promot Pract 2020; 21:510-524. [PMID: 31910039 PMCID: PMC7869957 DOI: 10.1177/1524839919890869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This applied paper is intended to serve as a "how to" guide for public health researchers, practitioners, and policy makers who are interested in building conceptual models to convey their ideas to diverse audiences. Conceptual models can provide a visual representation of specific research questions. They also can show key components of programs, practices, and policies designed to promote health. Conceptual models may provide improved guidance for prevention and intervention efforts if they are based on frameworks that integrate social ecological and biological influences on health and incorporate health equity and social justice principles. To enhance understanding and utilization of this guide, we provide examples of conceptual models developed by the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium. PLUS is a transdisciplinary U.S. scientific network established by the National Institutes of Health in 2015 to promote bladder health and prevent lower urinary tract symptoms, an emerging public health and prevention priority. The PLUS Research Consortium is developing conceptual models to guide its prevention research agenda. Research findings may in turn influence future public health practices and policies. This guide can assist others in framing diverse public health and prevention science issues in innovative, potentially transformative ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cora E Lewis
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Jerry L Lowder
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jesse Nodora
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mary H Palmer
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Developmental cascade effects of a parenting-focused program for divorced families on competence in emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:201-215. [PMID: 32308168 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941900169x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This 15-year longitudinal follow-up of a randomized controlled trial of a parenting-focused preventive intervention for divorced families examined cascade models of program effects on offsprings' competence. It was hypothesized that intervention-induced improvements in parenting would lead to better academic, work, peer, and romantic competence in emerging adulthood through effects on behavior problems and competencies during adolescence. Families (N = 240) participated in the 11-session program or literature control condition when children were ages 9-12. Data were drawn from assessments at pretest, posttest, and follow-ups at 3 and 6 months and 6 and 15 years. Results showed that initial intervention effects of parenting on externalizing problems in adolescence cascaded to work outcomes in adulthood. Parenting effects also directly impacted work success. For work outcomes and peer competence, intervention effects were moderated by initial risk level; the program had greater effects on youths with higher risk at program entry. In addition, intervention effects on parenting led to fewer externalizing problems that in turn cascaded to better academic outcomes, which showed continuity into emerging adulthood. Results highlight the potential for intervention effects of the New Beginnings Program to cascade over time to affect adult competence in multiple domains, particularly for high-risk youths.
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Brady SS, Berry A, Camenga DR, Fitzgerald CM, Gahagan S, Hardacker CT, Harlow BL, Hebert-Beirne J, LaCoursiere DY, Lewis JB, Low LK, Lowder JL, Markland AD, McGwin G, Newman DK, Palmer MH, Shoham DA, Smith AL, Stapleton A, Williams BR, Sutcliffe S. Applying concepts of life course theory and life course epidemiology to the study of bladder health and lower urinary tract symptoms among girls and women. Neurourol Urodyn 2020; 39:1185-1202. [PMID: 32119156 PMCID: PMC7659467 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Although lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may occur at different periods during the life course of women, a little research on LUTS has adopted a life course perspective. The purpose of this conceptual paper is to demonstrate how life course theory and life course epidemiology can be applied to study bladder health and LUTS trajectories. We highlight conceptual work from the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium to enhance the understanding of life course concepts. METHODS Consortium members worked in transdisciplinary teams to generate examples of how life course concepts may be applied to research on bladder health and LUTS in eight prioritized areas: (a) biopsychosocial ecology of stress and brain health; (b) toileting environment, access, habits, and techniques; (c) pregnancy and childbirth; (d) physical health and medical conditions; (e) musculoskeletal health; (f) lifestyle behaviors; (g) infections and microbiome; and (h) hormonal status across the life span. RESULTS Life course concepts guided consortium members' conceptualization of how potential risk and protective factors may influence women's health. For example, intrapartum interventions across multiple pregnancies may influence trajectories of bladder health and LUTS, illustrating the principle of life span development. Consortium members also identified and summarized methodologic and practical considerations in designing life course research. CONCLUSIONS This paper may assist researchers from a variety of disciplines to design and implement research identifying key risk and protective factors for LUTS and bladder health across the life course of women. Results from life course research may inform health promotion programs, policies, and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya S Brady
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amanda Berry
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Deepa R Camenga
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Colleen M Fitzgerald
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Sheila Gahagan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Academic General Pediatrics, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | | | - Bernard L Harlow
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeni Hebert-Beirne
- Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - D Yvette LaCoursiere
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California
| | - Jessica B Lewis
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lisa K Low
- Department of Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, University of Michigan School of Nursing, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jerry L Lowder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Alayne D Markland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gerald McGwin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Public Health, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Diane K Newman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mary H Palmer
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David A Shoham
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, Illinois
| | - Ariana L Smith
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ann Stapleton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Beverly R Williams
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Siobhan Sutcliffe
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Dursun OB, Esin İS, Akıncı MA, Karayağmurlu A, Turan B, Özhan Aşıkhasanoğlu E. The prevalence of childhood mental disorders in different habitations: are we underestimating their prevalence in rural areas? Nord J Psychiatry 2020; 74:201-207. [PMID: 31724474 DOI: 10.1080/08039488.2019.1689295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Recently, the number of epidemiological studies of child psychiatry has increased, but most of these studies focus on children living in city centres. Unfortunately, one-third of the global population lives in rural areas, and various habitations exist in cities, including city centres and slums. Moreover, despite having a high risk for psychopathology development, individuals who have symptoms but fall outside the limits specified for diagnoses due to having fewer symptoms than those mentioned in diagnostic systems and individuals who do not fulfil the impairment criteria listed in diagnostic systems are not addressed in these studies.Aim: The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence of DSM-IV childhood psychiatric disorders and subthreshold psychiatric problems from middle-class city centres, city centres in slums, towns and village areas of Turkey with a nationally representative sample using a state-of-the-art methodology.Methods: In total, 1080 children were randomly selected from second and third grades for the study's sample. A structured diagnostic interview was applied.Results: The overall prevalence of psychiatric disorders was 8.4% (n = 91); 7.2% (n = 78) of the children were subthreshold cases. The general prevalence of psychiatric disorders was higher among children living in villages with respect to all the other human settlement areas included in the study.Conclusions: Although global urbanisation foregrounds the mental health of children living in cities, children in rural areas may have a greater risk of developing a mental disorder. This study confirmed that an equal amount of children fell outside of the diagnosing limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Burak Dursun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, International School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Selçuk Esin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Akıncı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ataturk University Faculty of Medicine, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ali Karayağmurlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadır Turan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Agrı State Hospital, Agrı, Turkey
| | - Esra Özhan Aşıkhasanoğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necip Fazıl State Hospital, Kahraman Maras, Turkey
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Johnson RM, Guttmannova K. Marijuana Use among Adolescents and Emerging Adults in the Midst of Policy Change: Introduction to the Special Issue. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:179-184. [PMID: 30701394 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-0989-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renee M Johnson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, 624 North Broadway, 8th Floor, Room 898, Baltimore, MD, 21205-1999, USA.
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Departmen. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Smith AL, Rickey LM, Brady SS, Fok CS, Lowder JL, Markland AD, Mueller ER, Sutcliffe S, Bavendam TG, Brubaker L. Laying the Foundation for Bladder Health Promotion in Women and Girls. Urology 2020; 150:227-233. [PMID: 32197984 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prevention strategies have been effective in many areas of human health, yet have not been utilized for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or bladder health (BH). This commentary outlines LUTS prevention research initiatives underway within the NIH-sponsored Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Research Consortium (PLUS). Prevention science involves the systematic study of factors associated with health and health problems, termed protective and risk factors, respectively. PLUS is enhancing traditional prevention science approaches through use of: (1) a transdisciplinary team science approach, (2) both qualitative and quantitative research methodology (mixed methodology), and (3) community engagement. Important foundational work of PLUS includes development of clear definitions of both BH and disease, as well as a BH measurement instrument that will be validated for use in the general population, adolescents, and Latinx and Spanish-speaking women.1 The BH measurement instrument will be used in an upcoming nationally-representative cohort study that will measure BH and investigate risk and protective factors. PLUS investigators also developed a conceptual framework to guide their research agenda; this framework organizes a broad array of candidate risk and protective factors that can be studied across the life course of girls and women.1 As PLUS begins to fill existing knowledge gaps with new information, its efforts will undoubtedly be complemented by outside investigators to further advance the science of LUTS prevention and BH across additional populations. Once the BH community has broadened its understanding of modifiable risk and protective factors, intervention studies will be necessary to test LUTS prevention strategies and support public health efforts. LUTS providers may be able to translate this evolving evidence for individual patients under their care and act as BH advocates in their local communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana L Smith
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania's Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.
| | - Leslie M Rickey
- Department of Urology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Sonya S Brady
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Cynthia S Fok
- Department of Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis MN
| | - Jerry L Lowder
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, St Louis, MO
| | - Alayne D Markland
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Birmingham/Atlanta Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Elizabeth R Mueller
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology & Urology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago IL
| | | | | | - Linda Brubaker
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA
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Guttmannova K, Skinner ML, Oesterle S, White HR, Catalano RF, Hawkins JD. The Interplay Between Marijuana-Specific Risk Factors and Marijuana Use Over the Course of Adolescence. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 20:235-245. [PMID: 29504048 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-018-0882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Permissive attitudes and norms about marijuana use and perceptions of low harm from use are considered risk factors for adolescent marijuana use. However, the relationship between risk and use may be reciprocal and vary across development and socializing domains. We examined the bidirectional relationships between marijuana-specific risk factors in individual, parent, peer, and community domains and adolescent marijuana use. Longitudinal data came from a sample of 2002 adolescents in 12 communities. Controlling for sociodemographic covariates and communities in which the individuals resided, autoregressive cross-lagged models examined predictive associations between the risk factors and marijuana use. After accounting for concurrent relationships between risk and use and stability in behavior over time, early adolescence and the transition to high school were particularly salient developmental time points. Specifically, higher risk in all four domains in grades 7 and 9 predicted greater use 1 year later. Moreover, youth's perception of lax community enforcement of laws regarding adolescent use at all time points predicted increases in marijuana use at the subsequent assessment, and perceived low harm from use was a risk factor that prospectively predicted more marijuana use at most of the time points. Finally, greater frequency of marijuana use predicted higher levels of risk factors at the next time point in most socializing domains throughout adolescence. Prevention programs should take into account developmental transitions, especially in early adolescence and during the transition to high school. They also should focus on the reciprocal relationships between use and risk across multiple socializing domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA, 98195-6560, USA.
| | - Martie L Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - Helene R White
- Center of Alcohol Studies and Sociology Department, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, 607 Allison Rd, Piscataway Township, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Richard F Catalano
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
| | - J David Hawkins
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA
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Abstract
Tom Dishion, a pioneer in prevention science, was one of the first to recognize the importance of adapting interventions to the needs of individual families. Building towards this goal, we suggest that prevention trials be used to assess baseline target moderated mediation (BTMM), where preventive intervention effects are mediated through change in specific targets, and the resulting effect varies across baseline levels of the target. Four forms of BTMM found in recent trials are discussed including compensatory, rich-get-richer, crossover, and differential iatrogenic effects. A strategy for evaluating meaningful preventive effects is presented based on preventive thresholds for diagnostic conditions, midpoint targets and proximal risk or protective mechanisms. Methods are described for using the results from BTMM analyses of these thresholds to estimate indices of intervention risk reduction or increase as they vary over baseline target levels, and potential cut points are presented for identifying subgroups that would benefit from program adaptation because of weak or potentially iatrogenic program effects. Simulated data are used to illustrate curves for the four forms of BTMM effects and how implications for adaptation change when untreated control group outcomes also vary over baseline target levels.
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Robertson K, Forbes S, Thyne M. Perpetration of Alcohol-Related Aggression by Male and Female College Students: An Examination of Overt and Relational Aggression. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:1454-1475. [PMID: 29294674 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517696872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Existing literature exemplifies the relationship between alcohol and overt aggression, especially for adult males. Less clear is the relationship between alcohol and aggression among male and female college students, in particular, the nature of this aggression and the co-occurrence of drinking and aggression on the same day (temporal proximity). This study examines the chronic and temporal nature of males' and females' alcohol-related aggression among college students. Two hundred fourteen students completed a web-based 7-day event-level survey measuring alcohol consumption and perpetration of physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger, and relational aggression over 4 weeks, resulting in 4,256 observations (days). The global analysis revealed students who are heavy drinkers are more likely to perpetrate all four forms of aggression, whereas the event-level analysis revealed that specific forms of aggression are associated with drinking at the time, while other forms were not linked to drinking occasions. Cross-tabulation revealed males and females were more likely to use verbal and physical aggression when drinking. For females, drinking was also associated with relational aggression and anger. Despite often being overlooked in research on aggression during emerging adulthood, relational aggression was prevalent. Discrepancies between the global and temporal analysis revealed factors other than alcohol might explain the relationship between chronic alcohol consumption and specific forms of aggression. This is one of the first event-level studies to show the temporal relationship between alcohol and relational aggression. The distinctions in the current study, exemplifying the diversity of alcohol-related aggression, are critical for understanding aggressive behavior, potential gender differences, and for developing interventions. The temporal relationship between alcohol and aggression suggests health interventions should target drinking and aggression simultaneously.
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Monteiro DDS, Martins RD, Gomes NP, Mota RS, Conceição MMD, Gomes NR, Nery CLPD. Factors associated with common mental disorder in school teenagers. Rev Bras Enferm 2020; 73 Suppl 1:e20190847. [DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors in school adolescents. Method: Cross-sectional study with 230 adolescents from a public school in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. We used a questionnaire and an assessment scale for common mental disorders. The data were processed in STATA, version 12. Results: The prevalence of common mental disorders in schoolchildren was 52.2%. Multivariate analysis identified a positive association with statistical significance between the condition and the variables:female gender (PR = 3.06; 95% CI: 1.77-5.4), black race (PR = 2.08; 95% CI: 1.04-4.16),having a boyfriend (PR = 2.07; 95% CI: 1.06-4.03) and smoking cigarettes once in a lifetime (PR = 2.88; 95% CI : 1.31 - 6.31). The school increase (OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.29-0.91) was identified as a protective factor. Conclusion: Female gender, black race, having a relationship, and having smoked cigarettes are factors that increase the chances of adolescents having common mental disorders.
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Espelage DL, Low S, Van Ryzin MJ, Polanin JR. Clinical Trial of Second Step Middle School Program: Impact on Bullying, Cyberbullying, Homophobic Teasing, and Sexual Harassment Perpetration. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr-15-0052.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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VanDerHeyden AM, Burns MK, Bonifay W. Is More Screening Better? The Relationship Between Frequent Screening, Accurate Decisions, and Reading Proficiency. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr-2017-0017.v47-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Mercer SH, Idler AM, Bartfai JM. Theory-Driven Evaluation in School Psychology Intervention Research: 2007–2012. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.2014.12087439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Thayer AJ, Cook CR, Fiat AE, Bartlett-Chase MN, Kember JM. Wise Feedback as a Timely Intervention for At-Risk Students Transitioning Into High School. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr-2017-0021.v47-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Hughes JN. Commentary: Participatory Action Research Leads to Sustainable School and Community Improvement. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.2003.12086179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Farmer JE, Peterson L. Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: Promoting Successful School Reentry. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.1995.12085764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Miller GE, Brehm K, Whitehouse S. Reconceptualizing School-Based Prevention for Antisocial Behavior Within a Resiliency Framework. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.1998.12085922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Forman SG, Kalafat J. Substance Abuse and Suicide: Promoting Resilience Against Self-Destructive Behavior in Youth. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.1998.12085924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Tebes JK, Champine RB, Matlin SL, Strambler MJ. Population Health and Trauma-Informed Practice: Implications for Programs, Systems, and Policies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 64:494-508. [PMID: 31444915 PMCID: PMC7006880 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Population studies indicate that trauma exposure is ubiquitous and has a significant impact on health. Trauma-informed practice seeks to address the health consequences of trauma through integrative responses that incorporate an understanding of the effects of trauma, the multiple pathways to recovery, and the potential for re-traumatization. Current trauma-informed practice considers trauma exposure an individual clinical problem rather than a societal problem with population health consequences. Population health refers to the aggregated health status of individuals who share some characteristic, such as trauma exposure, and includes the study of determinants that shape the distribution of health outcomes in specific populations. In this paper, we describe a population health perspective for trauma-informed practice that complements the current clinical perspective, and then discuss implications of that perspective for programs, systems, and policies. We summarize essential concepts about trauma over the life course and describe principles of population health science relevant to trauma-informed practice. We then discuss implications of these principles by identifying four priorities for trauma-informed practice from a population health perspective: (a) adopting trauma-informed policies to prevent trauma exposure and to foster resilience in the aftermath of trauma; (b) infusing trauma-informed practice into everyday activities so it is a routine part of interpersonal transactions; (c) incorporating trauma-informed practices into existing service systems; and (d) adapting existing treatments to incorporate trauma-informed principles for population health impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robey B Champine
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Child Health & Development Institute, Inc., Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Samantha L Matlin
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- The Scattergood Foundation, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Hukkelberg S, Keles S, Ogden T, Hammerstrøm K. The relation between behavioral problems and social competence: A correlational Meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:354. [PMID: 31706279 PMCID: PMC6842530 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that children who display behavioral problems also tend to display low social competence. The relation does however vary according to type of behavior being measured, as well as demographic characteristics of the respondent. The present meta-analysis examined the correlation between different types of behavioral problems and social competence among children aged 3-13, and investigated possible moderators in this relation. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted for English language studies from January 2008 to January 2018 that reported correlations between three types of behavioral problems (i.e., externalizing behaviors, conduct problems, or aggression) and two types of social competence (i.e., social competence or social skills). The studies included reports from parents and teachers, or both as a dyad. The review included data from 54 independent studies and a total of 46,828 participants. Effect sizes were estimated using a random effects approach and moderator analyses between subsets of categorical variables were tested by the significant Q test. RESULTS Results showed an overall correlation between behavioral problems and social competence of medium effect size (r = -.42, p < .01). Moderation analyses indicated no significant differences for different types of behavioral problems or social competence. However, a significant difference was found with regard to type of respondent; the correlation was significantly higher when both measures were reported by the same respondent (teacher or parent) compared to when measures were reported by parent-teacher as a dyad. CONCLUSIONS Findings summarized and quantified a robust negative correlation between behavioral problems and social competence. The results indicate that intervention programs targeting problem behaviors in children would benefit from reducing behavioral problems and in concert, increase social competence to help children with emerging or present problem behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silje Hukkelberg
- The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development (NUBU), Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Oslo, Norway.
| | - Serap Keles
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development (NUBU), Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Oslo, Norway
| | - Terje Ogden
- 0000 0004 1936 8921grid.5510.1The Norwegian Center for Child Behavioral Development (NUBU), Norwegian Research Centre (NORCE), Oslo, Norway
| | - Karianne Hammerstrøm
- grid.458806.7Center for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Oslo, Eastern and Southern Norway
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