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Miller HH, Jenkins L, Putzeys S, Kaminski S, Woodall M. Bullying Victimization and Adverse Childhood Experiences: Retrospective Reports of Relative Impact on Emotional Distress. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:481-493. [PMID: 38938969 PMCID: PMC11199465 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00567-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The literature suggests that there is a significant overlap in definition, measurement, and outcomes between trauma and bullying victimization, but the relative impact on current emotional distress of these events has not been explored. The goal of the current study was to explore whether traditional and cyber bullying victimization has a similar negative impact on current emotional disrtresss as other adverse childhood experiences which may also lead to a traumatic response. In addition, this study examined whether the association between bullying victimization and emotional distress is exacerbated when individuals also experience additional ACEs. Retrospective reports from a diverse sample of 576 adults were collected via an online survey. When ranked against other ACEs such as viewing family mental health problems or substance abuse, or verbal, physical, emotional, and sexual victimization not from peers, nearly 30% of participants ranked bullying victimization as having the most negative impact on their levels of emotional distress. Multi-group path analyses indicated that experiencing additional ACEs seems to exacerbate distress caused by bullying and cyber bullying victimization. The current study suggests that bullying victimization may be just as detrimental as other types of ACEs that occur in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather H. Miller
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Lyndsay Jenkins
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Sophie Putzeys
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Sonya Kaminski
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Madison Woodall
- Educational Psychology and Learning Systems, Florida State University, Tallahassee, USA
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2
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Bowe AK, Lightbody G, O'Boyle DS, Staines A, Murray DM. Predicting low cognitive ability at age 5 years using perinatal data and machine learning. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:1634-1643. [PMID: 38177251 PMCID: PMC11126385 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no early, accurate, scalable methods for identifying infants at high risk of poor cognitive outcomes in childhood. We aim to develop an explainable predictive model, using machine learning and population-based cohort data, for this purpose. METHODS Data were from 8858 participants in the Growing Up in Ireland cohort, a nationally representative study of infants and their primary caregivers (PCGs). Maternal, infant, and socioeconomic characteristics were collected at 9-months and cognitive ability measured at age 5 years. Data preprocessing, synthetic minority oversampling, and feature selection were performed prior to training a variety of machine learning models using ten-fold cross validated grid search to tune hyperparameters. Final models were tested on an unseen test set. RESULTS A random forest (RF) model containing 15 participant-reported features in the first year of infant life, achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.77 for predicting low cognitive ability at age 5. This model could detect 72% of infants with low cognitive ability, with a specificity of 66%. CONCLUSIONS Model performance would need to be improved before consideration as a population-level screening tool. However, this is a first step towards early, individual, risk stratification to allow targeted childhood screening. IMPACT This study is among the first to investigate whether machine learning methods can be used at a population-level to predict which infants are at high risk of low cognitive ability in childhood. A random forest model using 15 features which could be easily collected in the perinatal period achieved an AUROC of 0.77 for predicting low cognitive ability. Improved predictive performance would be required to implement this model at a population level but this may be a first step towards early, individual, risk stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea K Bowe
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Gordon Lightbody
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Anthony Staines
- School of Nursing, Psychotherapy, and Community Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deirdre M Murray
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Paediatrics, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
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Gordon REF, Kosty D, Khurana A. The mediating role of child delay of gratification in the link between early and prolonged poverty exposure and adolescent allostatic load. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 163:106990. [PMID: 38412742 PMCID: PMC10954378 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Early and prolonged exposure to poverty disrupts biological processes associated with the body's stress response system, leading to long-term negative health outcomes, including obesity, autoimmune disorders, and cardiovascular disease. Allostatic load (AL), a composite measure of chronic stress on the body, is a robust predictor of subsequent health outcomes. However, developmental research examining the associations of early poverty exposure with AL in adolescence, as well as the underlying mechanisms of influence is limited. Early poverty exposure also impedes healthy development of child self-regulation, which may increase risk for high AL in adolescence, but this mechanistic pathway has not yet been tested. We used data from the national Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (SECCYD) to examine the longitudinal associations between prolonged poverty exposure in early childhood (0-3 years) and AL in adolescence (age 15). We also tested the mediating role of child delay of gratification, a behavioral measure of self-regulation (at age 54 months), in the potential association between early poverty exposure and adolescent AL. Accounting for model covariates (i.e., child biological sex and race-ethnicity) and individual differences in child delay of gratification, early and prolonged poverty exposure was significantly associated with higher AL at age 15. The indirect effect through child delay of gratification was not significant, but the individual pathways of the indirect effect were significant, and the overall direct association of early poverty exposure with adolescent AL was significant. Our findings show that prolonged exposure to poverty in early childhood (0-3 years) can have significant negative associations with both child delay of gratification (at 54 months) and AL (at age 15). Given that the detrimental impacts of poverty exposure can be detected at an early age, targeted prevention efforts (e.g., anti-poverty programs such as cash assistance programs) may be able to offset some of the risks of early poverty exposure on self-regulation and AL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E F Gordon
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA.
| | - Derek Kosty
- Prevention Science Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Atika Khurana
- Department of Counseling Psychology and Human Services, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
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Taylor K, Demakakos P. Adverse childhood experiences and trajectories of multimorbidity in individuals aged over 50: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106653. [PMID: 38277873 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are important for chronic diseases yet their association with multimorbidity remains understudied. Few studies consider the complexity of multimorbidity or observe multimorbidity development over time. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether ACE were associated with multimorbidity at baseline and over a 12-year follow-up period. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 5326 participants aged over 50 were obtained from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). METHODS An ACE summary score was derived using eight ACE items measuring abuse, social care, and household dysfunction. From repeated measurements of 29 chronic conditions over a 12-year period (2008-2019) we derived two multimorbidity measures: number of chronic diseases and number of chronic disease categories. We used multinomial logistic regression to assess associations between ACE and both measures. Mixed effects models were estimated to examine trajectories of multimorbidity by ACE over time. RESULTS Graded associations between ACE and multimorbidity were observed. Compared to those without ACE, participants with ≥3 ACE had three times the risk of having ≥3 chronic diseases (RRR 3.06, 95 % CI 1.85-5.05) and falling into ≥3 chronic disease categories (RRR 2·93 95 % CI 1·74-4·95). Graded associations persisted during 12-year follow-up, though differences in multimorbidity between those with ≥3 ACE and those without ACE remained constant (B 0.02, 95 % CI 0·01-0·03, and B -0·01, 95 % CI -0·02-0·00, number of chronic conditions and chronic condition categories respectively). CONCLUSION ACE are associated with multimorbidity risk and complexity, associations arising before the age of 50. Early intervention amongst those with ACE could attenuate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Taylor
- Division of Biosciences, Medical Sciences Building, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Panayotes Demakakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Ding JL, Lv N, Wu YF, Chen IH, Yan WJ. The hidden curves of risk: a nonlinear model of cumulative risk and school bullying victimization among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:17. [PMID: 38282053 PMCID: PMC10823726 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00694-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School bullying victimization (SBV) occurs more frequently in students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in general education than in special classes, and there is a cumulative risk effect on SBV exposure among young people with ASD reported by their parents and teachers. However, SBV is a personal experience, the predictive patterns of cumulative risk on SBV reported by themselves and its psychological mechanism remain unclear. This study aims to explore the relationship between cumulative risk and SBV based on self-report, and to test whether internalizing problems mediates this relationship among adolescents with ASD placed in regular classes. METHODS This study used data from the Taiwan Special Needs Education Longitudinal Study (SNELS) in 2011. The analysis included 508 adolescents with ASD who were in regular classes across Taiwan. The primary variables under study were the quality of friendship interactions, teacher-student relationship, school connection, perceived stigma, the impact caused by the disabilities, internalizing problem, and whether the participants had experienced SBV over the past semester, while control variables were adaptability and social-emotional skills. Established risk factors were summed to form a cumulative risk score. RESULTS The cumulative risk was positively associated with SBV. The relationship was characterized by the nonlinear pattern of the quadratic function (negative acceleration model) between cumulative risk and SBV. Internalizing problem played a partial mediating role in the effect of cumulative risk on SBV. CONCLUSIONS Intervention measures to reduce SBV should include the strategies to reduce the number of risks to which adolescents with ASD in regular classes are exposed, comprehensive prevention targeting each risk factor is needed specially when the number of risks is one or two, and more attention needs to be given to their internalizing problem in various ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Liang Ding
- School of Humanities and Teacher Education, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, China
| | - Ning Lv
- National Taipei University of Technology, 222 Mount Wuyi No. 2 Middle School, Wuyishan, 354300, China
| | - Yu-Fang Wu
- School of Psychology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China
| | - I-Hua Chen
- Chinese Academy of Education Big Data, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, 273165, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Yan
- School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Mental Illness, Affiliated Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
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Mei K, Zhang F, Zhang J, Ming H, Jiang Y, Huang S. Perceived social support mitigates the associations among household chaos and health and well-being in rural early adolescents. J Adolesc 2024; 96:112-123. [PMID: 37796059 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies have demonstrated that early adolescents residing in chaotic households experience adverse health and well-being outcomes. However, the potential protective factors that mitigate the relationship between household chaos and early adolescents' health and well-being remain unknown. Accordingly, this study aims to investigate whether perceived social support moderates the link between household chaos and the health and well-being among Chinese rural early adolescents. METHODS Physical health difficulties were assessed using two measures: general health and allostatic load (AL). Mental health difficulties were measured by depression. Well-being was reflected by life satisfaction. Specifically, this study included early adolescents (N = 337; Mage = 10.88 ± 1.36 years) from rural counties in China who reported their household chaos, perceived social support, general health, depression, and life satisfaction. AL scores were determined based on six physiological indices. RESULTS Household chaos exhibited a negative relationship with the general health and life satisfaction while a positive correlation with depression. Moreover, perceived social support was found to moderate the association between household chaos and these health and well-being indicators of early adolescents. Specifically, early adolescents who reported higher levels of perceived social support exhibited weaker negative connections among household chaos and their general health, depression, and life satisfaction. Furthermore, no significant relationships were observed between the adolescents' AL and household chaos, perceived social support, or their interactions. CONCLUSIONS Household chaos poses a significant risk to health and well-being. Furthermore, the findings indicate that perceived social support can mitigate these negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehan Mei
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiatian Zhang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Ming
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guizhou, China
| | - Silin Huang
- Institute of Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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Persson Waye K, Löve J, Lercher P, Dzhambov AM, Klatte M, Schreckenberg D, Belke C, Leist L, Ristovska G, Jeram S, Kanninen KM, Selander J, Arat A, Lachmann T, Clark C, Botteldooren D, White K, Julvez J, Foraster M, Kaprio J, Bolte G, Psyllidis A, Gulliver J, Boshuizen H, Bozzon A, Fels J, Hornikx M, van den Hazel P, Weber M, Brambilla M, Braat-Eggen E, Van Kamp I, Vincens N. Adopting a child perspective for exposome research on mental health and cognitive development - Conceptualisation and opportunities. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117279. [PMID: 37778607 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mental disorders among children and adolescents pose a significant global challenge. The exposome framework covering the totality of internal, social and physical exposures over a lifetime provides opportunities to better understand the causes of and processes related to mental health, and cognitive functioning. The paper presents a conceptual framework on exposome, mental health, and cognitive development in children and adolescents, with potential mediating pathways, providing a possibility for interventions along the life course. The paper underscores the significance of adopting a child perspective to the exposome, acknowledging children's specific vulnerability, including differential exposures, susceptibility of effects and capacity to respond; their susceptibility during development and growth, highlighting neurodevelopmental processes from conception to young adulthood that are highly sensitive to external exposures. Further, critical periods when exposures may have significant effects on a child's development and future health are addressed. The paper stresses that children's behaviour, physiology, activity pattern and place for activities make them differently vulnerable to environmental pollutants, and calls for child-specific assessment methods, currently lacking within today's health frameworks. The importance of understanding the interplay between structure and agency is emphasized, where agency is guided by social structures and practices and vice-versa. An intersectional approach that acknowledges the interplay of social and physical exposures as well as a global and rural perspective on exposome is further pointed out. To advance the exposome field, interdisciplinary efforts that involve multiple scientific disciplines are crucial. By adopting a child perspective and incorporating an exposome approach, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of how exposures impact children's mental health and cognitive development leading to better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Persson Waye
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Jesper Löve
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter Lercher
- Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Angel M Dzhambov
- Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Research Group "Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment", SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Environmental Health Division, Research Institute at Medical University of Plovdiv, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Maria Klatte
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Schreckenberg
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Environmental and Social Research (Zeus GmbH), Hagen, Germany
| | - Christin Belke
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Environmental and Social Research (Zeus GmbH), Hagen, Germany
| | - Larisa Leist
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gordana Ristovska
- Institute of Public Health of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Sonja Jeram
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jenny Selander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arzu Arat
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lachmann
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición (CINC), Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Clark
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kim White
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut D'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), Reus, Spain
| | | | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland and Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gabriele Bolte
- Institute of Public Health and Nursing Research, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Achilleas Psyllidis
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - John Gulliver
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability & School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hendriek Boshuizen
- Department for Statistics, Datascience and Mathematical Modelling, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Bozzon
- Department of Sustainable Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Janina Fels
- Institute for Hearing Technology and Acoustics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Maarten Hornikx
- Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van den Hazel
- International Network on Children's Health, Environment and Safety, Ellecom, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marco Brambilla
- Data Science Laboratory, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Irene Van Kamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
| | - Natalia Vincens
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Dumitriu D, Lavallée A, Riggs JL, Frosch CA, Barker TV, Best DL, Blasingame B, Bushar J, Charlot-Swilley D, Erickson E, Finkel MA, Fortune B, Gillen L, Martinez M, Ramachandran U, Sanders LM, Willis DW, Shearman N. Advancing early relational health: a collaborative exploration of a research agenda. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1259022. [PMID: 38143537 PMCID: PMC10748603 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1259022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we introduce the Early Relational Health (ERH) Learning Community's bold, large-scale, collaborative, data-driven and practice-informed research agenda focused on furthering our mechanistic understanding of ERH and identifying feasible and effective practices for making ERH promotion a routine and integrated component of pediatric primary care. The ERH Learning Community, formed by a team of parent/caregiver leaders, pediatric care clinicians, researchers, and early childhood development specialists, is a workgroup of Nurture Connection-a hub geared toward promoting ERH, i.e., the positive and nurturing relationship between young children and their parent(s)/caregiver(s), in families and communities nationwide. In response to the current child mental health crisis and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement promoting ERH, the ERH Learning Community held an in-person meeting at the AAP national headquarters in December 2022 where members collaboratively designed an integrated research agenda to advance ERH. This agenda weaves together community partners, clinicians, and academics, melding the principles of participatory engagement and human-centered design, such as early engagement, co-design, iterative feedback, and cultural humility. Here, we present gaps in the ERH literature that prompted this initiative and the co-design activity that led to this novel and iterative community-focused research agenda, with parents/caregivers at the core, and in close collaboration with pediatric clinicians for real-world promotion of ERH in the pediatric primary care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Dumitriu
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
- Division of Developmental Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andréane Lavallée
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jessica L. Riggs
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Cynthia A. Frosch
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Tyson V. Barker
- Science and Innovation Strategy, Institute for Child Success, Greenville, SC, United States
| | - Debra L. Best
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | | | - Jessica Bushar
- HealthySteps, ZERO TO THREE, Washington, DC, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Erickson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Morgan A. Finkel
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons and NewYork-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children’s Hospital, New York, NY, United States
| | - Bryn Fortune
- Fortune Consulting, Early Relational Health-Family Network Collaborative, Royal Oak, MI, United States
| | - Leah Gillen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Reach out and Read, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marty Martinez
- Chief Executive Officer, Reach Out and Read, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Usha Ramachandran
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Lee M. Sanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - David W. Willis
- Center for the Study of Social Policy, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nikki Shearman
- Department of Research and Innovation, Reach out and Read, Boston, MA, United States
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9
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Treviño MS, Cherry KE, Njoroge WFM, Gerstein ED. Young Children's Development and Behavior: Associations with Timing of Household Food Insecurity in a Racially and Ethnically Diverse Early Head Start Sample. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2023; 44:e617-e624. [PMID: 37871284 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the impact of household food insecurity (HFI) over time on behavioral and developmental health in early childhood while considering the impact of timing/persistence of HFI and potential differences among racially or ethnically minoritized children. METHODS Families from the Early Head Start Family and Child Experiences Study (N = 760) were followed longitudinally until age 3 years. Caregiver interview data were collected on HFI, problem behaviors (PBs), delays in development (DD), and sociodemographic information. Analysis of Covariances examined differences between persistent vs transient HFI. Multiple regressions examined the impact of HFI on PB and DD and whether this relation was stronger in racially or ethnically minoritized children. RESULTS The timing of HFI differentially affected PB, such that those with persistent HFI demonstrated greater PB than those with only early or only late HFI. A different pattern was identified for DD, in which those with late HFI had more DD than those with persistent HFI. Over and above other sociodemographics, including maternal risk factors and an income-to-needs ratio, HFI was associated with greater PB for children of all races and ethnicities. HFI was associated with more DD in non-Latino/a/e/x White families compared with non-Latino/a/e/x Black and Latino/a/e/x families. CONCLUSION Meaningful differences were found in how the persistence/timing of HFI is differentially associated with PB and DD. In addition, while controlling for socioeconomic risk, a cumulative risk effect was not observed in how HFI affected racially or ethnically minoritized children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica S Treviño
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Kathryn E Cherry
- Women's Behavioral Health, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA; and
| | - Wanjikũ F M Njoroge
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Emily D Gerstein
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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10
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Shoaff JR, Hahn J, Calafat AM, Korrick SA. Adolescent endocrine disrupting chemical exposure and academic achievement. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116493. [PMID: 37390949 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies support associations of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), such as some phthalates, phenols, and parabens with a wide range of cognitive and behavioral traits. While many of these traits are associated with academic achievement, the relationship of EDC exposure specifically with academic achievement in adolescence has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVE We assessed the association of urinary biomarker concentrations of EDCs with academic achievement in adolescents as well as the potential for psychosocial factors to modify associations. METHODS We quantified urinary concentrations of select EDCs in 205 adolescent participants from the New Bedford Cohort (NBC), a prospective birth cohort of children born to mothers residing near the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site in Massachusetts, and estimated associations between EDCs and adolescent academic achievement assessed with the Wide Range Achievement Test (WRAT). Measures of socioeconomic status and the home environment were used to estimate psychosocial stress. RESULTS Urinary concentrations of antiandrogenic phthalates were inversely associated with Math Computation scores. For example, each doubling of the concentration of antiandrogenic phthalate metabolites in urine was associated with a 1.94 point decrease (95% CI: 3.84, -0.05) in Math Computation scores, indicating poorer performance. For the most part, associations were stronger in adolescents with more, as compared to less, social disadvantage, but most of these differences did not achieve statistical significance. CONCLUSION Our findings support the potential for adolescents' exposure to antiandrogenic phthalates to correlate with poorer academic achievement in math, particularly among participants with greater psychosocial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Shoaff
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jill Hahn
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Susan A Korrick
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Phua DY, Chen H, Yap F, Chong YS, Gluckman PD, Broekman BFP, Eriksson JG, Meaney MJ. Allostatic load in children: The cost of empathic concern. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217769120. [PMID: 37725642 PMCID: PMC10523447 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217769120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life adversity affects long-term health outcomes but there is considerable interindividual variability in susceptibility to environmental influences. We proposed that positive psychological characteristics that reflect engagement with context, such as being concerned about people or performance on tasks (i.e., empathic concern), could moderate the interindividual variation in sensitivity to the quality of the early environment. We studied 526 children of various Asian nationalities in Singapore (46.6% female, 13.4% below the poverty line) with longitudinal data on perinatal and childhood experiences, maternal report on empathic concern of the child, and a comprehensive set of physiological measures reflecting pediatric allostatic load assessed at 6 y of age. The perinatal and childhood experiences included adversities and positive experiences. We found that cumulative adverse childhood experience was positively associated with allostatic load of children at 6 y of age at higher levels of empathic concern but not significantly associated at lower levels of empathic concern. This finding reveals evidence for the importance of empathic concern as a psychological characteristic that moderates the developmental impact of environmental influences, serving as a source for vulnerability to adversities in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Y. Phua
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Republic of Singapore
- Paediatric Medicine Academic Clinical Programme, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore169857, Republic of Singapore
| | - Fabian Yap
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore229899, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Kandang Kerbay Women’s and Children’s Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore229899, Republic of Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme and O&G Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
| | - Peter D. Gluckman
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Centre for Human Evolution, Adaptation and Disease, Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland1023, New Zealand
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki00250, Finland
| | - Birit F. P. Broekman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC) and Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis (OLVG), Vrije Universiteit (VU), Amsterdam1081 HV, The Netherlands
| | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme and O&G Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Public Health Research Program, Folkhalsan Research Center, Helsinki00250, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki00100, Finland
| | - Michael J. Meaney
- Translational Neuroscience Programme, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore117609, Republic of Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme and O&G Department, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Singapore
- Brain-Body Initiative, Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore117597, Republic of Singapore
- Sackler Program for Epigenetics and Psychobiology at McGill University, MontrealQCH3A 0G4, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, MontrealQCH3A 0G4, Canada
- Brain-Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore138632, Republic of Singapore
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12
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Dzhambov AM, Lercher P, Vincens N, Persson Waye K, Klatte M, Leist L, Lachmann T, Schreckenberg D, Belke C, Ristovska G, Kanninen KM, Botteldooren D, Van Renterghem T, Jeram S, Selander J, Arat A, White K, Julvez J, Clark C, Foraster M, van Kamp I. Protective effect of restorative possibilities on cognitive function and mental health in children and adolescents: A scoping review including the role of physical activity. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116452. [PMID: 37339694 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Background The exposome approach can be a powerful tool for understanding the intertwining of social, physical, and internal influences that shape mental health and cognitive development throughout childhood. To distil conceptual models for subsequent analyses, the EU-funded project Early Environmental quality and Life-course mental health effects (Equal-Life) has conducted literature reviews on potential mediators linking the exposome to these outcomes. We report on a scoping review and a conceptual model of the role of restorative possibilities and physical activity. Methods Peer-reviewed studies published since the year 2000 in English, on the association between the exposome and mental health/cognition in children/adolescents, and quantitatively investigating restoration/restorative quality as a mediating variable were considered. Database searches were last updated in December 2022. We used an unstructured expert-driven approach to fill in gaps in the reviewed literature. Results Five records of three distinct studies were identified, indicating a scarcity of empirical evidence in this newly developing research area. Not only were these studies few in numbers, but also cross-sectional, lending only tentative support to the idea that perceived restorative quality of adolescent's living environment might mediate the association between greenspace and mental health. Physical activity emerged as a mediator leading to better psychological outcomes in restorative environments. We provide a critical discussion of potential caveats when investigating the restoration mechanism in children and propose a hierarchical model including restoration, physical activity, and relational dynamics between children and their environment, including social context, as well as restorative environments other than nature. Conclusions It is justified to further explore the role of restoration and physical activity as mediators in the association between early-life exposome and mental health/cognitive development. It is important to consider the child perspective and specific methodological caveats. Given the evolving conceptual definitions/operationalizations, Equal-Life will attempt to fill in a critical gap in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel M Dzhambov
- Department of Hygiene, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria; Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria; Research Group "Health and Quality of Life in a Green and Sustainable Environment", SRIPD, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Peter Lercher
- Institute of Highway Engineering and Transport Planning, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Natalia Vincens
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kerstin Persson Waye
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Klatte
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Larisa Leist
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Thomas Lachmann
- Cognitive and Developmental Psychology, University of Kaiserslautern-Landau, Kaiserslautern, Germany; Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición, Facultad de Lenguas y Educacion, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dirk Schreckenberg
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Environmental and Social Research (ZEUS GmbH), Hagen, Germany
| | - Christin Belke
- Centre for Applied Psychology, Environmental and Social Research (ZEUS GmbH), Hagen, Germany
| | - Gordana Ristovska
- Institute of Public Health of the Republic of North Macedonia, Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Katja M Kanninen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Dick Botteldooren
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Timothy Van Renterghem
- Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sonja Jeram
- National Institute of Public Health, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jenny Selander
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arzu Arat
- Unit of Occupational Medicine, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kim White
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), Reus, Spain; ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charlotte Clark
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Foraster
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEREsp), Spain; PHAGEX Research Group, Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene van Kamp
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Netherlands
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13
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Lucente M, Guidi J. Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2023; 92:295-303. [PMID: 37666236 PMCID: PMC10716875 DOI: 10.1159/000533424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The concept of allostatic load encompasses the cumulative effects of both ordinary daily life events as well as major challenges, and also includes related health-damaging behavior. Allostatic overload ensues when environmental challenges exceed the individual's ability to cope. Identification of allostatic load is carried out through the use of biomarkers and clinimetric criteria. Studies are increasingly reported on allostatic load in younger populations, yet a systematic review is missing. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present systematic review was to summarize the current knowledge on allostatic load/overload among children and adolescents. METHODS PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched from inception to April 2023. A manual search of the literature was also performed. We considered only studies in which allostatic load or overload were adequately described and assessed in either clinical or non-clinical populations younger than 18 years. RESULTS A total of 38 original investigations were included in this systematic review. Studies reported an association between allostatic load and sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., poverty, ethnicity, perceived discrimination, adverse childhood experiences) and environmental factors, as well as consequences of allostatic load on both physical and mental health among children and adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that greater allostatic load is associated with poorer health outcomes in both clinical and non-clinical pediatric populations, with possible enduring effects. The results support the clinical utility of the transdiagnostic identification of allostatic load and overload in children and adolescents across a variety of settings, with a number of potential clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Lucente
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jenny Guidi
- Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Zeringue MM, Saini EK, Fuller-Rowell TE, Hinnant JB, El-Sheikh M. Neighborhood environment and adolescent sleep: The role of family socioeconomic status. Sleep Med 2023; 109:40-49. [PMID: 37413781 PMCID: PMC10529799 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Socioeconomic status (SES) and neighborhood context are influential predictors of adolescent sleep, yet little is known about how they may interact to influence sleep. We examined multiple dimensions of family SES as moderators of associations between neighborhood risk and multiple sleep parameters. METHODS Participants were 323 adolescents (Mage = 17.4 years, SD = 0.86; 48% male; 60% White/European American, 40% Black/African American). Sleep was assessed using 7 nights of actigraphy from which sleep duration (minutes from onset to wake time), efficiency, long wake episodes, and variability in minutes over the week were derived. Youth reported on their sleep/wake problems and sleepiness, as well as their perceptions of safety and violence in their neighborhoods. Parents reported on SES indices, including income-to-needs ratio and perceived financial stability. RESULTS Lower SES (income-to-needs, perceived financial stability) was associated with lower sleep efficiency and more frequent long wake episodes. Lower neighborhood safety and greater community violence concerns were related to greater subjective sleep problems. Moderation effects illustrated two general patterns. For actigraphy-derived sleep variables, lower neighborhood safety was associated with poor sleep only among youth from lower-income families. For subjective sleep/wake problems and daytime sleepiness, associations between neighborhood risk and sleep difficulties were pronounced for higher SES youth, while lower SES youth had greater sleep problems regardless of neighborhood factors. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that several dimensions of SES and neighborhood risk may be consequential for adolescents' sleep. Moderation effects highlight the significance of considering multiple contextual influences towards a better understanding of adolescents' sleep.
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15
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Ersig AL, Young EE, Brown RL, Malecki K. Genetic Variation, Stress, and Physiological Stress Response in Adults With Food Allergy or Celiac Disease. Biol Res Nurs 2023; 25:300-309. [PMID: 36280595 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221134826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistently high chronic stress can lead to maladaptive psychological, behavioral, and physiological stress responses and poor mental and physical health, highlighting the importance of identifying individuals at increased risk. Chronic health condition diagnosis and genetics are 2 characteristics that can influence stress, stress response, and health outcomes. PURPOSE Food allergy (FA) and celiac disease (CD) require constant vigilance in daily life and can lead to increased stress. The purpose of this exploratory analysis was to examine the association of variants in selected stress-related genes with stress exposures, stress, clinical measures of physiological stress response, and mental health symptoms in adults with and without FA or CD. METHODS We compared stress exposures, symptoms of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and stress, BMI, and waist-hip ratio between cases and controls. We analyzed the association of SNPs in genes with known or hypothesized associations with stress-related measures in 124 cases and 124 matched controls: CRHBP (rs7718461, rs10474485), CRHR1 (rs242940) and OXTR (rs2268490). For this exploratory study, p-values ≤ 0.10 were considered suggestive. RESULTS For cases and controls, rs7718461 was associated with stress symptoms, rs2268490 with symptoms of stress and PTSD, and rs242940 with symptoms of stress, PTSD, anxiety, and depression. Further analyses found that stress-related outcomes in individuals with FA or CD may be influenced by SNP genotype. CONCLUSIONS Given these suggestive findings, larger prospective studies should examine similar relationships in individuals with other chronic health conditions, incorporating factors such as environmental exposures, individual experiences, and epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Ersig
- 5228University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin E Young
- 12251University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Roger L Brown
- 5228University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Nursing, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Division of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 14681University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Gillis BT, Hinnant JB, Erath SA, El-Sheikh M. Relationship between family income and trajectories of adjustment in adolescence: Sleep and physical activity as moderators. J Adolesc 2023; 95:494-508. [PMID: 36458567 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Youth from lower-income families experience adjustment problems at higher rates than higher-income peers. While adolescents have little control over family income, they do have some agency over their sleep and physical activity, two factors that have been shown to mitigate the risk of maladjustment. To test this, sleep and physical activity were examined as moderators of the longitudinal relationship between family income (indexed by income-to-needs ratio) and trajectories of adolescent adjustment problems. METHODS Participants included a socioeconomically diverse community sample of 252 US youth (53% female; 33% Black, 67% White) in 2012-2015. Actigraphy-based sleep duration and quality were indexed, respectively, by minutes (sleep onset to wake excluding awakenings) and efficiency (% minutes scored as sleep from onset to wake). Physical activity and adjustment were youth-reported. Outcomes included internalizing (anxious/depressive) and rule-breaking behavior. Latent growth models estimated trajectories of adjustment across ages 16 and 18 years conditional on family income, sleep, physical activity, and their interactions. RESULTS Relationships between family income and change in internalizing symptoms were moderated by sleep minutes, and associations between income and change in internalizing symptoms and rule-breaking behavior were moderated conjointly by sleep efficiency and physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Under conditions of high-quality sleep and more physical activity, adolescents with lower income reported fewer adjustment problems. Conversely, youth with both poor sleep and low physical activity were at the highest risk for maladjustment over time. Findings enhance understanding of individual differences in trajectories of mental health associated with bioregulation, health behaviors, and the sociocultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T Gillis
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - J Benjamin Hinnant
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Stephen A Erath
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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Hao Y, Evans GW, Farah MJ. Pessimistic cognitive biases mediate socioeconomic status and children's mental health problems. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5191. [PMID: 36997593 PMCID: PMC10063619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32482-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with higher rates of emotional disorders in childhood and beyond. Here we assessed one possible contributor to this disparity, a cognitive bias in the interpretation of negative events, in a group of 341 9-year-olds (49% female, 94% White) ranging widely in SES. This cognitive bias, known as pessimism in the attributional style literature, is the tendency to interpret negative events as persistent (Stable) and pervasive (Global). It was found to be more common among lower SES children (effect sizes = 0.18-0.24 depending on SES measures: income to needs ratio, proportion of poverty from birth to age 9, and parental educational attainment). Moreover, persistent, pervasive adversity in children's lives predicted this bias and mediated the SES-pessimism link. Pessimistic attributional style, in turn, was related to childhood emotional problems and mediated the relation between SES and these problems. Finally, evidence for serial mediation of the SES-mental health problems relationship was found via persistent, pervasive adversity and pessimism, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Center for Neuroscience and Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Gary W Evans
- Departments of Psychology and Human Centered Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Martha J Farah
- Center for Neuroscience and Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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18
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Atkinson L, Joshi D, Raina P, Griffith LE, MacMillan H, Gonzalez A. Social engagement and allostatic load mediate between adverse childhood experiences and multimorbidity in mid to late adulthood: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1437-1447. [PMID: 37010223 PMCID: PMC10009404 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with multimorbidity in adulthood. This link may be mediated by psychosocial and biological factors, but evidence is lacking. The current study evaluates this mediation model. METHOD We analyzed data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging (N = 27 170 community participants). Participants were 45-85 years at recruitment, when allostatic load and social engagement data were collected, and 3 years older at follow-up, when ACEs and multimorbidity data were collected. Structural equation modeling was used to test for mediation in the overall sample, and in sex- and age-stratified subsamples, all analyses adjusted for concurrent lifestyle confounds. RESULTS In the overall sample, ACEs were associated with multimorbidity, directly, β = 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.11-0.13) and indirectly. Regarding indirect associations, ACEs were related to social engagement, β = -0.14 (-0.16 to -0.12) and social engagement was related to multimorbidity, β = -0.10 (-0.12 to -0.08). ACEs were related to allostatic load, β = 0.04 (0.03-0.05) and allostatic load was related to multimorbidity, β = 0.16 (0.15-0.17). The model was significant for males and females and across age cohorts, with qualifications in the oldest stratum (age 75-85). CONCLUSIONS ACEs are related to multimorbidity, directly and via social engagement and allostatic load. This is the first study to show mediated pathways between early adversity and multimorbidity in adulthood. It provides a platform for understanding multimorbidity as a lifespan dynamic informing the co-occurrence of the varied disease processes represented in multimorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Atkinson
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Divya Joshi
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Parminder Raina
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Griffith
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Harriet MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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de la Rosa R, Zablotny D, Ye M, Bush NR, Hessler D, Koita K, Bucci M, Long D, Thakur N. Biological Burden of Adverse Childhood Experiences in Children. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:108-117. [PMID: 36728584 PMCID: PMC9930178 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine relationships between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and related life events and allostatic load (AL)-"wear and tear" from chronic stress-in a pediatric population. METHODS Children were screened with the PEdiatric ACEs and Related Life Event Screener (PEARLS) tool, a 17-item questionnaire capturing experiences of abuse, neglect, household challenges, and related life events. Biological data were available for 207 participants, and AL was operationalized using clinical or empirical cutoff points across 4 physiological systems (i.e., cardiac, metabolic, inflammatory, neurologic). Covariate-adjusted multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between AL with adversity and health. RESULTS Children (mean age = 6.5 years, range = 1-11 years) had an average AL score of 1.9 (standard deviation = 1.7), and a U-shaped relationship was observed with child's age. Continuous PEARLS and original ACE scores were not associated with AL. However, children with a reported PEARLS score of 1 to 2 or original ACEs score of 1 to 3 had 1.5 (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.09-2.08) and 1.4 (IRR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.08-1.84) times greater AL, respectively, compared with participants with none reported. In secondary analyses, caregiver mental illness was associated with higher child AL (adjusted IRR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.01-1.58). AL was also associated with poorer perceived child general health (adjusted β = -0.87, 95% CI = -1.58 to -0.15) and greater odds of child obesity (adjusted odds ratio = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.23-1.89). CONCLUSIONS Measuring AL in a pediatric population requires careful consideration of age. Higher AL was associated with a greater number of reported adversities and worse child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie de la Rosa
- From the Department of Medicine (de la Rosa, Zablotny, Ye, Thakur), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; School of Public Health (de la Rosa), University of California Berkeley, Berkeley; Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science (Bush) and Pediatrics (Bush and Long) and Family and Community Medicine (Hessler), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco; UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland (Long), Oakland; Center for Youth Wellness (Koita, Bucci), San Francisco, California
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Beese S, Postma J, Graves JM. Allostatic Load Measurement: A Systematic Review of Reviews, Database Inventory, and Considerations for Neighborhood Research. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192417006. [PMID: 36554888 PMCID: PMC9779615 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neighborhoods are critical to understanding how environments influence health outcomes. Prolonged environmental stressors, such as a lack of green spaces and neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage, have been associated with higher allostatic load levels. Since allostatic load levels experienced earlier in life have stronger associations with mortality risk, neighborhoods may be uniquely suited to monitor and mitigate the impacts of environmental stressors. Researchers often study allostatic load in neighborhoods by utilizing administrative boundaries within publicly accessible databases as proxies for neighborhoods. METHODS This systematic review of reviews aims to identify commonly used biomarkers in the measurement of allostatic load, compare measurement approaches, inventory databases to study allostatic load, and spotlight considerations referenced in the literature where allostatic load is studied in neighborhoods. The review was conducted using the search term "allostatic load" in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases. The search results were filtered to include reviews. RESULTS The search returned 499 articles after deduplication. Overall, 18 synthesis reviews met the inclusion criteria and were retained for extraction. The synthesis reviews analyzed represented 238 studies published from 1995 to 2020. The original ten biomarkers were most often used to measure allostatic load. More recently, body mass index and C-reactive protein have additionally been frequently used to measure allostatic load burden. CONCLUSIONS The scientific contributions of this study are that we have identified a clear gap in geographic considerations when studying allostatic load. The implication of this study is that we have highlighted geographic concepts when conducting neighborhood-level research using administrative databases as a neighborhood proxy and outlined emerging future trends that can enable future study of allostatic load in the neighborhood context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawna Beese
- College of Agricultural, Human, and Natural Resources Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Julie Postma
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Janessa M. Graves
- College of Nursing, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
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21
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Hao Y, De France K, Evans GW. Persistence on challenging tasks mediates the relationship between childhood poverty and mental health problems. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022; 46:562-567. [PMID: 36793997 PMCID: PMC9928164 DOI: 10.1177/01650254221116870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Childhood disadvantage is associated with psychological distress throughout the lifespan. Poor children are alleged to give up more often than their more privileged peers when facing challenges. Yet little research has examined the role of task persistence in poverty and mental health. We test whether poverty-related deficits in persistence contribute to the well-documented link between childhood disadvantage and mental health. We used growth curve modeling to analyze three waves (age 9, 13, and 17) of data assessing the trajectories of persistence on challenging tasks and mental health. Childhood poverty is the proportion of time participants lived in poverty from birth to age 9. We found that individuals experiencing more poverty in early childhood demonstrate less persistence and deteriorated mental health from ages 9 to 17. As expected, task persistence accounts for a portion of the robust childhood poverty - worsening mental health association. Clinical research on childhood disadvantage is in the early stages of unpacking underlying reasons why childhood poverty is bad for psychological well-being throughout life, revealing potential points of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Center for Neuroscience & Society, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Gary W. Evans
- Department of Human Centered Design, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Department of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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22
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Riser QH, Rouse HL, Dorius CJ. Family income trajectories and early child development: A latent class growth analysis. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2022.101469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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23
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Phu T, Doom JR. Associations between cumulative risk, childhood sleep duration, and body mass index across childhood. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:529. [PMID: 36068546 PMCID: PMC9447344 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03587-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although associations between cumulative risk, sleep, and overweight/obesity have been demonstrated, few studies have examined relationships between these constructs longitudinally across childhood. This study investigated how cumulative risk and sleep duration are related to current and later child overweight/obesity in families across the United States sampled for high sociodemographic risk. Methods We conducted secondary analyses on 3690 families with recorded child height and weight within the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study. A cumulative risk composite (using nine variables indicating household/environmental, family, and sociodemographic risk) was calculated for each participant from ages 3-9 years. Path analyses were used to investigate associations between cumulative risk, parent-reported child sleep duration, and z-scored child body mass index (BMI) percentile at ages 3 through 9. Results Higher cumulative risk experienced at age 5 was associated with shorter sleep duration at year 9, b = − 0.35, p = .01, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.11]. At 5 years, longer sleep duration was associated with lower BMI, b = − 0.03, p = .03, 95% CI [− 0.06, − 0.01]. Higher cumulative risk at 9 years, b = − 0.34, p = .02, 95% CI [− 0.57, − 0.10], was concurrently associated with shorter sleep duration. Findings additionally differed by child sex, such that only male children showed an association between sleep duration and BMI. Conclusions Results partially supported hypothesized associations between child sleep duration, cumulative risk, and BMI emerging across childhood within a large, primarily low socioeconomic status sample. Findings suggest that reducing cumulative risk for families experiencing low income may support longer child sleep duration. Additionally, child sleep duration and BMI are concurrently related in early childhood for male children. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03587-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Phu
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race St, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
| | - Jenalee R Doom
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, 2155 South Race St, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
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24
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DuBois LZ, Juster RP. Lived experience and allostatic load among transmasculine people living in the United States. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 143:105849. [PMID: 35797839 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgender and gender diverse people face significant stigma that can adversely affect their physical and mental health. However, the psychobiological link between lived experience and health has been underexplored in this population. We thus examine perceived distress, mental health, and physiological 'wear and tear' by indexing allostatic load (AL) and assess associations with a range of contextual and experiential factors from transmasculine people living in the United States. METHODS Sixty-five people who identified as transgender men or along a transmasculine spectrum, living in Massachusetts, Vermont, and Rhode Island participated in The Transition Experience Study (age: M=31.8, range 18-55), which examines lived experience of social and medical transition and embodied gender minority/marginalization stress among a sample of transmasculine people. Based on in-depth in-person interview and survey data and inspired by an ecological systems model, we created indices representing (1) perceived progressive geopolitical climate; (2) socio-demographic advantage; (3) social support and resources; (4) gender minority and marginalization stressors; and (5) health behaviors. The Perceived Stress Scale and psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, insomnia) were also assessed. AL indexed 10 neuroendocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and metabolic biomarkers. RESULTS Regressions revealed that perceived stress and psychological symptoms were negatively correlated with progressive geopolitical climate (respectively B=-1.47, p = 0.19; B=-.77, p < .001) and positively correlated with gender minority and marginalization stressors (respectively B=1.51, p < .001; B =.38, p = .005). AL was negatively associated with perceived progressive geopolitical climate (B=-.55, p = .007) and socio-demographic advantage (B=-3.2, p = .001). DISCUSSIONS These findings underline the importance of assessing geopolitical context and indexing lived experiences and life domains along with biomarker sampling. Together, these enable the identification of psychobiological pathways to better nuance multi-level contributors to health and well-being and understand embodied inequalities. These analyses of embodied stigma inclusive of AL biomarkers thus provide a model to further research centering transgender people's health from youth through old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zachary DuBois
- Department. of Anthropology, University of Oregon, 355 Condon Hall, Eugene, OR 97403, United States.
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Center on Sex⁎Gender, Allostasis, and Resilience, 7331 Hochelaga, Pavillon Fernand-Seguin, FS-145-12, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, Researcher, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute, 7331 Hochelaga, Pavillon Fernand-Seguin, FS-145-12, Montreal, Quebec H1N 3V2, Canada.
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25
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Hamlat EJ, Adler NE, Laraia B, Surachman A, Lu AT, Zhang J, Horvath S, Epel ES. Association of subjective social status with epigenetic aging among Black and White women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2022; 141:105748. [PMID: 35397259 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2022.105748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Subjective social status (SSS), an individual's assessment of their own social status in relation to others, is associated with health and mortality independently of objective SES; however, no studies have tested whether SSS influences epigenetic aging. The current study examines if SSS is associated with epigenetic age acceleration in both Black and White women, independently of objective SES measured during both childhood and adulthood. METHOD For 9- and 10-year-old Black and White girls, parental education and annual household income was obtained. At ages 39-42, 361 participants (175 Black, 186 White) reported their current education, household income, and SSS, and provided saliva to assess age acceleration using the GrimAge epigenetic clock. Linear regression estimated the association of SSS with epigenetic age acceleration, controlling for objective SES (current education, current income, parents' education, income during childhood), smoking, and counts of cell types. RESULTS When all objective SES variables were included in the model, SSS remained significantly associated with epigenetic age acceleration, b = - 0.31, p = .003, ß = - 0.15. Black women had significantly greater age acceleration than White women, (t(359) = 5.20, p > .001, d = 0.55) but race did not moderate the association between SSS and epigenetic age acceleration. CONCLUSIONS Women who rated themselves lower in SSS had greater epigenetic age acceleration, regardless of income and education. There was no difference by race for this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa J Hamlat
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - Nancy E Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Barbara Laraia
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA
| | - Agus Surachman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Ake T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Joshua Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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26
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Clark SE, Locke RL, Baxendale SL, Seifer R. Withdrawn Behavior in Preschool: Implications for Emotion Knowledge and Broader Emotional Competence. Front Psychol 2022; 13:895557. [PMID: 35846605 PMCID: PMC9281896 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.895557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the respective roles of withdrawal, language, and context-inappropriate (CI) anger in the development of emotion knowledge (EK) among a subsample of 4 and 5 year-old preschoolers (n = 74). Measures included parent-reported withdrawn behavior, externalizing behavior, and CI anger, as well as child assessments of receptive language and EK. Ultimately, findings demonstrated that receptive language mediated the relationship between withdrawn behavior and situational EK. However, CI anger significantly interacted with receptive language, and, when incorporated into a second-stage moderated mediation analysis, moderate levels of CI anger rendered the indirect effect of withdrawn behavior on situational EK via receptive language insignificant. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate a mechanism by which withdrawal may impact EK. They also indicate that such an effect may be attenuated in children with moderate levels of CI anger. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Clark
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Robin L. Locke
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Sophia L. Baxendale
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States
| | - Ronald Seifer
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Bradley/Hasbro Children’s Research Center, E.P. Bradley Hospital, East Providence, RI, United States
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27
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Finlay S, Roth C, Zimsen T, Bridson TL, Sarnyai Z, McDermott B. Adverse childhood experiences and allostatic load: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104605. [PMID: 35278597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are stressful and/or traumatic experiences associated with an increased lifetime risk of negative health outcomes. The Allostatic Load (AL) is a measure of multisystem dysregulation, resulted by chronic stress. We systematically reviewed the English language literature on the association between ACEs and AL to identify the clinical risk profile, with the exclusion of reviews and preclinical studies. Searches covered the publication period up to the 1st of February 2022 and identified 25 studies in which ACEs such as maltreatment, abuse, poverty, psychological abuse, and discrimination were investigated in the context of AL. The selected studies used different sets of AL biomarkers resulting in substantial heterogenicity of calculating the AL index. Overall, we found that ACEs are associated with elevated AL and poorer health outcomes in adulthood. Furthermore, health risk behaviors, social support, and coping resources either moderate or mediate this association. These findings suggest that targeting individuals at risk and starting interventions early might reduce AL and its deleterious health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Finlay
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Cody Roth
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tiansha Zimsen
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tahnee Lee Bridson
- North-West Mental Health, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, Australia; Fireside Research, Woodbridge Tasmania, Australia
| | - Zoltan Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical & Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brett McDermott
- College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Sullivan ADW, Forehand R, Vreeland A, Compas BE. Does Parenting Explain the Link Between Cumulative SES Risk and Child Problems in the Context of Parental Depression? Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:330-341. [PMID: 33550457 PMCID: PMC8346574 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01130-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The accumulation of socioeconomic stressors, such as being a single parent and having a limited income, is associated with childhood maladjustment and prospective poor health. Evidence suggests both positive and negative parenting strategies (e.g., warmth and praise; criticism and neglect) may account for the relationship between socioeconomic adversity and child outcomes. However, despite the common co-occurrence of parental depression and socioeconomic stress, models of cumulative socioeconomic risk and parenting have yet to be tested in parents who are also coping with depression. In a sample of children whose parents have a history of depression, this study extends findings from a previous report (i.e., Sullivan et al. in J Fam Psychol 33:883-893, 2019) to test whether behavioral observations of parenting account for the association between a cumulative risk index of socioeconomic stress and child psychological problems in the same sample of 179 children (Mage = 11.46 years, SDage = 2.00) of parents with depression. Both positive and negative parenting accounted for the relationship between socioeconomic risk and both child- and parent-reported externalizing problems, whereas no evidence emerged for parenting accounting for the relation between cumulative risk and internalizing problems. This study highlights the central role socioeconomic stress plays in child maladjustment among parents coping with depression, as well as how parenting may be a critical mechanism linking socioeconomic stress and child externalizing problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rex Forehand
- Psychological Science, University of Vermont, 2 Colchester Ave., Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
| | - Allison Vreeland
- Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bruce E. Compas
- Psychological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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29
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Liu S, Fisher PA. Early experience unpredictability in child development as a model for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: A translational neuroscience perspective. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2022; 54:101091. [PMID: 35217299 PMCID: PMC8860470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2022.101091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive evidence links adverse experiences during childhood to a wide range of negative consequences in biological, socioemotional, and cognitive development. Unpredictability is a core element underlying most forms of early adversity; it has been a focus of developmental research for many years and has been receiving increasing attention recently. In this article, we propose a conceptual model to describe how unpredictable and adverse early experiences affect children's neurobiological, behavioral, and psychological development in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We first highlight the critical role of unpredictability in child development by reviewing existing conceptual models of early adversity as they relate to subsequent development across the lifespan. Then, we employ a translational neuroscience framework to summarize the current animal- and human-based evidence on the neurobiological alterations induced by early experience unpredictability. We further argue that the COVID-19 pandemic serves as a global "natural experiment" that provides rare insight to the investigation of the negative developmental consequences of widespread, clustered, and unpredictable adverse events among children. We discuss how the pandemic helps advance the science of unpredictable early adverse experiences. As unpredictability research continues to grow, we highlight several directions for future studies and implications for policymaking and intervention practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Liu
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States.
| | - Philip A Fisher
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
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30
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Crandall AK, McKay NJ, Khan AM, Lantyer MC, Temple JL. The effect of acute and chronic scarcity on acute stress: A dyadic developmental examination. Physiol Behav 2022; 246:113684. [PMID: 34929257 PMCID: PMC8821326 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity, obesity, and psychological stress are interrelated constructs which are thought to be connected through increased energy intake, but the underlying mechanisms for these relationships remain unclear. The current study used experimental methods to investigate how financial losses may influence acute stress in the context of food insecurity for both parents and offspring. This study also sought to examine the effect of acute stress related to financial losses on the reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) and delay discounting (DD). METHODS One hundred and six families stratified by both offspring age (53 children aged 7-10, 53 adolescents aged 15-17) and household financial resources, visited our laboratory for three separate appointments. Each appointment included the experimental manipulation of financial gains and losses, saliva samples for cortisol assay, continuous heart rate monitoring, self-rated tension, and computer-based DD and RRVfood tasks. Participants also completed surveys to report perceived life stress level and food insecurity status. RESULTS Among all participants, financial losses were related to decreased heart rates and increased self-rated tension. Among parents reporting food insecurity, acute financial losses resulted in an increase in cortisol levels. Changes in cortisol, heart rate, and tension were not related to RRVfood or DD. CONCLUSION Food insecure parents are sensitive to financial losses and respond with an increase in cortisol. However, we found no evidence for a relationship between cortisol and RRVfood or DD. This sensitivity to financial losses did not extend to children or adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Crandall
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214.
| | - Naomi J McKay
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY 14222
| | - Ali M Khan
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Maria Catharina Lantyer
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
| | - Jennifer L Temple
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214; Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214
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31
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McEwen CA. Connecting the biology of stress, allostatic load and epigenetics to social structures and processes. Neurobiol Stress 2022; 17:100426. [PMID: 35535261 PMCID: PMC9076953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2022.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
How do sociology and stress biology connect in efforts to understand the impact of early childhood adversity on health and life chances? This memorial article describes the collaboration between Bruce and Craig McEwen in bringing stress neurobiology to sociologists. It attempts, in turn, to bring sociology to stress neurobiologists, the second goal of this collaboration. It frames the social sources of human stress in terms of the social determinants of health as well as more proximal childhood adversities. It also underlines the importance of supportive adult and community relationships in preventing toxic stress. Bruce was hopeful that stress biology research could inform public health efforts aimed at improving population health and more equitable life trajectories. To strengthen our understanding of stress and to contribute to that goal, stress neurobiologists can help tease out the complex social causes of stress by expanding the range of variables employed to identify its sources as well as the protections against it in human populations.
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Nystad K, Drugli MB, Lydersen S, Lekhal R, Buøen ES. Change in toddlers' cortisol activity during a year in childcare. Associations with childcare quality, child temperament, well-being and maternal education. Stress 2022; 25:156-165. [PMID: 35389301 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2022.2048371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of the stress hormone cortisol have been found in toddlers in childcare. Measuring cortisol may provide an indication of children's experiences in childcare and help to adjust practices better to their needs. To the best of our knowledge, toddlers' cortisol levels in childcare have not yet been investigated longitudinally. Furthermore, it is unclear which child and childcare factors contribute to cortisol elevation in toddlers. Using linear mixed model analyses, we investigated the full-day cortisol activity (10.00 h, 15.00 h, 18.00 h) of 156 toddlers (81 female, 56 male) during a year in childcare (September, January, June). We also investigated child cortisol levels at home in January. In addition, we tested the relation between cortisol activity and changes in cortisol activity across the year and childcare quality, temperament, well-being in childcare, and maternal education. We found increasing evening cortisol levels through the year while controlling for age. Afternoon cortisol levels were stable, but above morning cortisol levels in September and January and only slightly below morning cortisol levels in June. At home in January, afternoon levels were significantly below morning levels. Higher well-being in childcare was associated with lower overall cortisol levels and less increase in evening cortisol levels through the year in childcare. Further, less active toddlers seemed to accumulate some stress during the childcare day, indicated by higher evening cortisol levels. Rising evening cortisol levels may indicate accumulating stress across the year. Results point toward childcare being demanding for toddlers and their need for consideration from caregivers and parents, also after a longer period of childcare attendance. The findings underline the importance of observing, promoting, and further researching children's well-being in childcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Nystad
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - May Britt Drugli
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Lydersen
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Department of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ratib Lekhal
- Department of Communication and Culture, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elisabet Solheim Buøen
- Department of Communication and Culture, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway
- Regional Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
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Clinical Measures of Allostatic Load in Children and Adolescents with Food Allergy, Depression, or Anxiety. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 61:346-354. [PMID: 34555747 PMCID: PMC8665031 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sustained high stress exposure results in chronic activation of the stress response system, dysregulated stress responses, high allostatic load, and poor later-life health. Children and adolescents with chronic health conditions face stressors related to their condition in addition to those typical of childhood and adolescence, placing them at risk of high allostatic load. The purpose of this secondary analysis was to examine whether youth with chronic health conditions differ from controls on clinical measures of allostatic load. DESIGN AND METHODS A secondary analysis of two datasets, the electronic health record of a tertiary children's hospital and data from the Survey of the Health of Wisconsin, compared youth with chronic health conditions to controls on clinical measures of allostatic load. Additional analyses explored whether parental stress and mental health influenced these relationships. RESULTS Analyses identified differences in BMI, blood pressure, and waist circumference between youth with food allergy, anxiety, or depression, and controls. These relationships differed for males and females and for those with comorbid mental and physical conditions, and were influenced by parent stress and mental health. CONCLUSIONS Results support future studies exploring whether high stress in youth with chronic health conditions leads to increased allostatic load. Incorporating biomarkers as well as genetic and epigenetic factors will provide critical insights. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Youth with mental and physical CHCs may be at increased risk of high allostatic load, reflected in clinical measures of metabolism, and should have regular assessments of their metabolic health.
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Ehrlich KB, Yu T, Sadiq A, Brody GH. Neighborhood poverty, allostatic load, and changes in cellular aging in African American young adults: the moderating role of attachment. Attach Hum Dev 2021; 24:339-352. [PMID: 34617499 DOI: 10.1080/14616734.2021.1976934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Attachment experiences are thought to contribute to physical health across the lifespan. Evidence suggests that attachment style may serve as a protective factor for individuals' physical health by mitigating the negative effects of social and environmental risk factors. In the present study, we evaluated how attachment styles may moderate the link between African American adolescents' exposure to neighborhood poverty and accelerated cellular aging in young adulthood. Analyses revealed that allostatic load at age 19 mediated the association between neighborhood poverty in adolescence and changes in cellular aging from age 20 to 27. Notably, attachment avoidance (but not attachment anxiety) moderated this association, such that allostatic load was only associated with faster cellular aging for individuals who were high in avoidance. These findings suggest that allostatic load may give rise to faster cellular aging, but these detrimental effects of allostatic load can be offset by young adults' effective use of attachment figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Ehrlich
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Aishat Sadiq
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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El-Sheikh M, Zeringue MM, Saini EK, Fuller-Rowell TE, Yip T. Discrimination and adjustment in adolescence: The moderating role of sleep. Sleep 2021; 45:6366353. [PMID: 34495321 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined multiple actigraphy-based sleep parameters as moderators of associations between experiences of general and racial discrimination and adolescent internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depression) and externalizing behavior (rule-breaking). Adolescent sex and race were examined as additional moderators. METHODS Participants were 272 adolescents (Mage = 17.3 years, SD = 0.76; 51% male; 59% White/European American, 41% Black/African American). Sleep was assessed using actigraphs for 7 consecutive nights from which sleep duration (minutes), efficiency, and variability in minutes over the week were derived. Youth reported on their experiences of general discrimination, racial discrimination, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and rule-breaking behavior. RESULTS Both types of discrimination were associated with poorer adjustment outcomes. Longer sleep duration, greater sleep efficiency, and less variability in sleep duration were protective in associations between race-specific and general discrimination and internalizing symptoms. Findings for duration and efficiency were more pronounced for females such that the adverse effects of discrimination were minimized among females with longer and more efficient sleep. Greater variability in sleep exacerbated rule-breaking behavior among adolescents experiencing general or racial discrimination. Associations did not differ by adolescent race. CONCLUSIONS Short and poor-quality sleep may exacerbate internalizing symptoms for adolescents experiencing discrimination, particularly females. Variability in sleep duration was a key moderator of associations between discrimination and internalizing symptoms as well as rule-breaking behavior. Findings illustrate that actigraphy-assessed sleep parameters play a key role in ameliorating or exacerbating adjustment problems associated with discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona El-Sheikh
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Megan M Zeringue
- Department of Psychology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Ekjyot K Saini
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Tiffany Yip
- Department of Psychology, Fordham University, Bronx, NY USA
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Whelan E, O'Shea J, Hunt E, Dockray S. Evaluating measures of allostatic load in adolescents: A systematic review. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 131:105324. [PMID: 34198124 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents can experience heightened stress due to biopsychosocial changes that occur during this developmental stage. The 'wear and tear' of the physiological systems responsible for managing our stress response can lead to dysregulation of these systems, known as allostatic load (AL). AL is commonly measured within adult populations, however, inconsistencies exist across measures used to quantify the effects of stress on health. The aim of this review was to identify variations in measures across AL studies, and to consider how specific measures may be more appropriate for use within adolescent populations. METHOD Pubmed, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, Academic Search Complete, were searched in July 2020, using search terms 'allostatic load' and 'adolescence'. AL studies (1988-2020) with an adolescent population (age 10-24 years) were included. 354 records were screened by two reviewers and 41 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. RESULTS 25 studies were included in final synthesis. Biomarkers of AL ranged from 1 to 14. The most common index of AL consisted of 6 biomarkers; cortisol, epinephrine, norepinephrine, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body-mass index. FINDINGS Defining measures of AL during adolescence may help to identify vulnerabilities specific to adolescents, which may shape their lifelong health trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eadaoin Whelan
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Ireland.
| | - Jen O'Shea
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Eithne Hunt
- Dept. of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, University College Cork, Ireland
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Park L, Gomaa N, Quinonez C. Racial/ethnic inequality in the association of allostatic load and dental caries in children. J Public Health Dent 2021; 82:239-246. [PMID: 34254682 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Allostatic load (AL), defined as the overtime "wear and tear" on biological systems due to stress, disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minorities and has been shown to associate with racial inequality in oral health in the adult population. This study aims to assess racial/ethnic inequality in AL and untreated dental caries (UD) in children, and to assess the association between allostatic load and UD, and whether it varies by race/ethnicity. METHODS Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2001-2010) for 8-17-year-old children (n = 11,378) was used. AL scores were generated using cardiovascular, metabolic and immune biomarkers. Multivariable log binomial regression models adjusted for age, sex, poverty: income ratio (PIR), health insurance status and the frequency of healthcare visits, were used to assess the relationships of interest. RESULTS Racial/ethnic inequality was evident in UD and AL, where Mexican American and black children exhibited more UD and a higher AL score than white. AL was associated with UD in fully adjusted models. This association was significant across all racial/ethnic groups, but was stronger in Mexican American and black children, compared to their white counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Similar racial inequality is evident in AL and UD that is not explained by poverty and/or behavioral factors. Racial/ethnic inequality is also evident in the association between AL and UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Park
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Noha Gomaa
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlos Quinonez
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Dufford AJ, Evans GW, Liberzon I, Swain JE, Kim P. Childhood socioeconomic status is prospectively associated with surface morphometry in adulthood. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1589-1596. [PMID: 33432574 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Childhood socioeconomic status (SES) has been associated with brain cortex surface area in children. However, the extent to which childhood SES is prospectively associated with brain morphometry in adulthood is unclear. We tested whether childhood SES (income-to-needs ratio averaged across ages 9, 13, and 17) is prospectively associated with cortical surface morphometry in adulthood. Average childhood income-to-needs ratio had a positive, prospective association with cortical thickness in adulthood in the precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and caudal middle frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Childhood income-to-needs ratio also had a positive, prospective association with cortical surface area in adulthood in multiple regions, including the rostral and caudal middle frontal gyri and superior frontal gyrus (p < .05, FWE corrected). Concurrent income-to-needs ratio (measured at age 24) was not associated with cortical thickness or surface area in adulthood. The results underscore the importance of addressing poverty in childhood for brain morphological development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary W Evans
- Departments of Design and Environmental Analysis and of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Israel Liberzon
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James E Swain
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Psychology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Pilyoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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Bullock L, Ghazarian S, Nimer M, Signing L, Herbell K, Farje D, Campbell JC, Sharps P. Children Exposed to IPV: Impact of Multiple Father Figures. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:1447-1454. [PMID: 34151395 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03184-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) has been associated with adverse infant developmental outcomes; however, the influence of the number of father-figures (abusive vs non-abusive) has on young infants' risk for neurodevelopmental delays has not been examined. PROCEDURES A secondary data analysis was conducted from the Domestic Violence Enhanced Perinatal Home Visits (DOVE) study of abused pregnant women (N = 239) and their infants' neurodevelopment from baseline through 12-months postpartum. RESULTS Although all women reported decreased violence from baseline to 12 months postpartum, there was a significant main effect between baseline IPV scores and infant risk for developmental delay at 12 months (β = .19; p < .05) and a significant interaction between baseline IPV scores and multiple partner categories (β = .89; p < .01). Women in the single abusive partner category demonstrated a negative association between baseline IPV and 12-month infant risk scores (β = -.56; p < .01). Whereas women in the mixed and multiple abusive partner groups demonstrated a positive association between IPV and infant risk scores (β = .32; p < .05). CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that an infant's neurodevelopment is impacted by exposure to violence in the home. Additional research is needed to examine the full impact, not only the effects of single and/or abusive partners on child development, but also the possible effect of multiple non-abusive partners on development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bullock
- University of Missouri, Sinclair School of Nursing, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - S Ghazarian
- All Star Children's Foundation, Sarasota, FL, USA
| | - M Nimer
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Signing
- University of Missouri, Sinclair School of Nursing, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - K Herbell
- Ohio State University, School of Nursing, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Farje
- Northwestern School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J C Campbell
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - P Sharps
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wallander JL, Berry S, Carr PA, Peterson ER, Waldie KE, Marks E, D'Souza S, Morton SMB. Patterns of risk exposure in first 1,000 days of life and health, behavior, and education-related problems at age 4.5: evidence from Growing Up in New Zealand, a longitudinal cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:285. [PMID: 34140013 PMCID: PMC8212450 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02652-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children who are high priority candidates for early intervention need to be identified to reduce their risk for experiencing problems in development. Those exposed to multiple risk factors are more likely to exhibit problems in development than those exposed to a single or no risk factor. We examined the longitudinal associations between persistence and timing of exposure to cumulative risk (CR) on three occasions by age 2 and problems in development at age 4.5 in health, behavior, and education-related domains. Methods Data are from Growing Up in New Zealand (NZ), a prospective longitudinal study of a birth cohort first assessed during their last trimester in 2009–10 and followed at ages 9 months and 2 and 4.5 years. All women with an expected delivery date in a 12-month period who resided within a defined region were invited to participate, with no additional eligibility criteria. Exposure was measured for 12 sociodemographic and maternal health risk factors at third trimester and ages 9 months and 2 years, from which developmental trajectories were constructed capturing persistence and timing of CR exposure. Ten developmental outcomes were measured at age 4.5 to classify problems in overall health status, obesity, and injuries; internalizing and externalizing behavior problems; and letter naming, counting forward and backward, and expectations for starting school and completing education. Results Analyses of data from 6156 children (49% female, 33% Non-European ethnicity) who participated in the 4.5-age assessment uniformly showed associations between exposure to more than consistently zero CR across early development and higher prevalence of being classified with problems for 9 of 10 outcomes. Persistent exposure to a CR ≥ 4 was generally associated with a higher prevalence of problems for 7 of 10 outcomes, whereas the timing of first exposure to CR ≥ 4 showed a less consistent association with problem outcomes. Conclusions These findings are concerning because over 50% of NZ children are exposed to at least one of these risk factors at some point in early development. Routine screening of most of these risk factors during pregnancy is feasible and can identify priority candidates for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan L Wallander
- Psychological Sciences and Health Sciences Research Institute, University of California, 5400 North Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343, USA.
| | | | - Polly Atatoa Carr
- National Institute of Demographic and Economic Analysis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Elizabeth R Peterson
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karen E Waldie
- Faculty of Science, School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Emma Marks
- School of Population Health and Centre for Longitudinal Research He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Stephanie D'Souza
- COMPASS Research Centre, Faculty of Arts, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Susan M B Morton
- School of Population Health and Centre for Longitudinal Research He Ara ki Mua, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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McClain AC, Evans GW, Dickin KL. Maternal Stress Moderates the Relationship of Food Insufficiency with Body Mass Index Trajectories from Childhood to Early Adulthood among U.S. Rural Youth. Child Obes 2021; 17:263-271. [PMID: 33769835 PMCID: PMC8147486 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Findings on the relationships between household food insufficiency (HFI), maternal stress, and youth body mass index (BMI) are mixed, possibly due to cross-sectional study designs and measurement issues. Furthermore, little is known about how childhood exposure to HFI and maternal stress influences BMI into young adulthood among rural youth. We aimed to determine the independent and moderating relationships of HFI and maternal perceived stress on youth BMI trajectories from age 9 to 24 years. Methods: We used longitudinal data from rural New York youth (n = 341). At youth age 9 years, parents reported HFI using a reliable one-item measure, and mothers responded to the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; range: 0-40). BMI was calculated (kg/m2) from objective measures of height and weight at 9, 13, 17, and 24 years. Multivariate random-intercept trajectory models estimated the relationships of HFI and PSS on BMI trajectories (p < 0.05 for main effects, p < 0.10 for interactions). Results: At age 9 years, 16.4% experienced HFI and mean (standard deviation) BMI and PSS were 18.4 (3.6) kg/m2 and 7.7 (2.9), respectively. HFI and PSS were not associated with BMI trajectories (p = 0.18, p = 0.64, respectively), but their interaction was significant (p < 0.01). Each one-unit increase in PSS was associated with 0.6 (0.2) kg/m2 higher mean change in BMI trajectories for youth in food-insufficient, compared with food-sufficient, households. Conclusions: Higher levels of maternal stress in food-insufficient households may lead to greater increases in BMI from childhood to young adulthood. Public health interventions should simultaneously address parental stress and quality food access among low-income rural households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. McClain
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- Address correspondence to: Amanda C. McClain, PhD, MS, School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, ENS 313, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Gary W. Evans
- Department of Design + Environmental Analysis, Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Ersig AL, Brown RL, Malecki K. Association Between Food Allergy, Psychological Stress, and Allostatic Load. West J Nurs Res 2021; 44:946-954. [PMID: 34060963 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211019042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allostatic load (AL), the cumulative biological burden of persistently high stress exposure, influences adult health and well-being across the lifespan, and can be measured with clinical indicators, such as BMI, blood pressure (BP), and waist-hip ratio. Adverse childhood events and other stressors contribute to AL, but stress from other sources, such as previously diagnosed chronic health conditions, has been overlooked. We hypothesized that adults with these conditions would have more stress exposures, higher perceived stress, worse mental health, and higher AL, compared to controls. A secondary analysis of deidentified data from cases with self-reported food allergies and controls found that individuals with chronic health conditions reported more stress exposures, higher levels of perceived stress, and had higher AL, compared to controls. However, other results did not support the study hypotheses. Future studies should examine additional AL measures, such as biomarkers of stress response, in individuals with existing chronic health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Ersig
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Roger L Brown
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kristen Malecki
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Morelli NM, Liuzzi MT, Duong JB, Kryza-Lacombe M, Chad-Friedman E, Villodas MT, Dougherty LR, Wiggins JL. Reward-related neural correlates of early life stress in school-aged children. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2021; 49:100963. [PMID: 34020397 PMCID: PMC8144345 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2021.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Early life stress likely contributes to dysfunction in neural reward processing systems. However, studies to date have focused almost exclusively on adolescents and adults, measured early life stress retrospectively, and have often failed to control for concurrent levels of stress. The current study examined the contribution of prospectively measured cumulative life stress in preschool-age children on reward-related neural activation and connectivity in school-age children. METHODS Children (N = 46) and caregivers reported children's exposure to early life stress between birth and preschool age (mean = 4.8 years, SD = 0.80). At follow-up (mean age = 7.52 years, SD = .78), participants performed a child-friendly monetary incentive delay task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. RESULTS Children with higher levels of cumulative early life stress, controlling for concurrent stressful life events, exhibited aberrant patterns of neural activation and connectivity in reward- and emotion-related regions (e.g., prefrontal cortex, temporal pole, culmen), depending on the presence of a potential reward and whether or not the target was hit or missed. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that stress exposure during early childhood may impact neural reward processing systems earlier in development than has previously been demonstrated. Understanding how early life stress relates to alterations in reward processing could guide earlier, more mechanistic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Morelli
- San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States.
| | - Michael T Liuzzi
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States.
| | - Jacqueline B Duong
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States.
| | - Maria Kryza-Lacombe
- San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States.
| | - Emma Chad-Friedman
- Psychology Department, University of Maryland College Park, Biology/Psychology Building, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States.
| | - Miguel T Villodas
- San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States.
| | - Lea R Dougherty
- Psychology Department, University of Maryland College Park, Biology/Psychology Building, 4094 Campus Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, United States.
| | - Jillian Lee Wiggins
- San Diego State University, University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, United States; Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182, United States.
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Parent C, Pokhvisneva I, de Mendonça Filho EJ, O'Donnell KJ, Meaney MJ, Kee MZL, Thng G, Wing H, Adler NE, Keeton V, Pantell MS, Hessler D, Gottlieb LM, Silveira PP. Salivary cytokine cluster moderates the association between caregivers perceived stress and emotional functioning in youth. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 94:125-137. [PMID: 33662503 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Some individuals exposed to early life stress show evidence of enhanced systemic inflammation and are at greater risk for psychopathology. In the current study, caregivers and their offspring (0-17 years) were recruited at a pediatric clinic visit at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). Mothers and seven-year-old children from the Growing Up inSingaporeTowards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) prospective birth cohort were used as a replication cohort. Caregivers perceived stress was measured to determine potential intergenerational effects on the children's functioning and inflammation levels. Children's emotional functioning in the UCSF cohort was evaluated using the Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) inventory. Child emotional and behavioral functioning was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) in GUSTO. Saliva was collected from the children and salivary levels of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α were measured using an electrochemiluminescent cytokine multiplex panel. Child IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 cytokine levels were clustered into low, average, and high cytokine cluster groups using hierarchical cluster analysis. We did not find that salivary cytokine clusters were significantly associated with children's emotional or behavioral function. However, cytokine clusters did significantly moderate the association between increased caregiver perceived stress and reduced child emotional functioning (UCSF cohort) and increased Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity (ADH) problems (GUSTO cohort, uncorrected Cohen's F2 = 0.02). Using a cytokine clustering technique may be useful in identifying those children exposed to increased caregiver perceived stress that are at risk of emotional and attention deficit hyperactivity problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Parent
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irina Pokhvisneva
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Kieran J O'Donnell
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada; Yale Child Study Center & Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore; CIFAR, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Z L Kee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Gladi Thng
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Holly Wing
- University of California, San Francisco, Center for Health and Community, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nancy E Adler
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Keeton
- University of California, San Francisco, Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Matthew S Pantell
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Danielle Hessler
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laura M Gottlieb
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Family and Community Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Patricia P Silveira
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Research Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Oates G, Rutland S, Juarez L, Friedman A, Schechter MS. The association of area deprivation and state child health with respiratory outcomes of pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis in the United States. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:883-890. [PMID: 33258546 PMCID: PMC8035176 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in socioenvironmental exposures influence overall child health, but their association with pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) outcomes is less clear. This observational study investigated the relationship between area-level socioeconomic deprivation, state child health, and CF respiratory outcomes in a national cohort. METHODS We assessed relationships between the 2015 area deprivation index, a composite measure of socioeconomic disadvantage; the 2016 child health index, a state-specific measure of overall child health; and CF respiratory outcomes in the 2016 CF Foundation Patient Registry. RESULTS The sample included 9934 individuals with CF, aged 6-18 years. In multiple regression analysis adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates, those residing in the worst tertile for area deprivation had 2.8% lower percent predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (ppFEV1 ; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4.1 to -1.5), 1.2 more intravenous (IV) treatment nights (CI: 0.1-2.4), and 20% higher odds of ≥2 pulmonary exacerbations (odds ratio [OR]: 1.2, CI: 1.0-1.5) than best-tertile counterparts. Children with CF in states at the worst tertile for child health had 2.3% lower ppFEV1 (CI: -4.5 to -0.2), 2.2 more IV treatment nights (CI: 0.5-3.6), and 40% higher odds of ≥2 exacerbations (OR: 1.4, CI: 1.1-1.8) than best-tertile counterparts. State child health accounted for the association between area deprivation and multiple exacerbations and more IV treatment nights. CONCLUSIONS Both area socioeconomic characteristics and state child health play a role in pediatric CF outcomes. The residual association of the state child health with CF outcomes after controlling for area deprivation reflects the ability of state programs to mitigate the effect of poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Oates
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarah Rutland
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Lucia Juarez
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Annabelle Friedman
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael S Schechter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Richmond, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Williamson AA, Mindell JA. Cumulative socio-demographic risk factors and sleep outcomes in early childhood. Sleep 2021; 43:5573929. [PMID: 31555826 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To examine associations between cumulative socio-demographic risk factors, sleep health habits, and sleep disorder symptoms in young children. METHODS Two hundred five caregiver-child dyads (child mean age ± SD: 3.3 ± 1.1 years; 53.7% girls; 62.9% black, 22.4% non-Hispanic/Latinx white, 4.4% Hispanic/Latinx; 85.4% maternal caregiver reporter) completed caregiver-rated sleep measures (Brief Child Sleep Questionnaire [BCSQ]; Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire [PSQ] snoring subscale), which were used to generate indexes of poor sleep health habits, pediatric insomnia symptoms, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) symptoms. A cumulative risk index was created reflecting caregiver, family, and neighborhood risks. RESULTS Overall, 84.5% of children had ≥ 1 poor sleep health habit, 62.9% had ≥ 1 insomnia symptom, and 40.0% had ≥ 1 OSA symptom. Poisson regression indicated that each increase in the number of cumulative risk factors was associated with a 10% increase in poor sleep health habits, a 9% increase in insomnia symptoms, and an 18% increase in OSA symptoms. Specific caregiver risks (depressive symptoms, lower educational attainment) and family risks (single caregiver, crowded home) were most predictive of poor sleep outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep health habits and sleep disorder symptoms are highly prevalent in early childhood, particularly among families experiencing cumulative socio-demographic risks. Findings underscore the need for targeted screening and prevention for modifiable sleep behaviors and efforts to tailor such strategies for at-risk children and families, especially those living in crowded conditions, or with caregivers who are single or have a lower educational attainment or depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel A Williamson
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jodi A Mindell
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Psychology, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA
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Doan SN. Allostatic load: Developmental and conceptual considerations in a multi-system physiological indicator of chronic stress exposure. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:825-836. [PMID: 33650132 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Developmental researchers studying how stress affects health have often focused on specific, individual, physiological parameters such as cortisol. Yet, recent theories of stress biology emphasize that the stress response is multi-faceted and engages distinct yet interconnected physiological systems, including metabolic, immune, and cardiovascular systems that respond to one another. Moreover, advocates of a systems approach also argue that the confluence of changes across several physiological systems presents a health risk, even when one indicator alone is not predictive of health outcomes. Allostatic load is one potential multi-system indicator of stress, capturing the cumulative, physiological burden of chronic stress exposure on the body. At the same time, studying allostatic load during early development raises several issues, including how allostatic load is operationalized, the clinical importance of commonly used biomarkers during distinct periods of development, and the fundamental role of timing. In this review paper, we discuss the potential of allostatic load in the context of studies of stress in developmental science, review developmental studies that have assessed allostatic load, and articulate critical conceptual questions regarding the study of allostatic load during the childhood years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey N Doan
- Claremont McKenna College & City of Hope National Medical Center, Claremont, CA, USA
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Holochwost SJ, Bose JH, Stuk E, Brown ED, Anderson KE, Wolf DP. Planting the Seeds: Orchestral Music Education as a Context for Fostering Growth Mindsets. Front Psychol 2021; 11:586749. [PMID: 33584419 PMCID: PMC7873363 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.586749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth mindset is an important aspect of children's socioemotional development and is subject to change due to environmental influence. Orchestral music education may function as a fertile context in which to promote growth mindset; however, this education is not widely available to children facing economic hardship. This study examined whether participation in a program of orchestral music education was associated with higher levels of overall growth mindset and greater change in levels of musical growth mindset among children placed at risk by poverty. After at least 2 years of orchestral participation, students reported significantly higher levels of overall growth mindset than their peers; participating students also reported statistically significant increases in musical growth mindset regardless of the number of years that they were enrolled in orchestral music education. These findings have implications for future research into specific pedagogical practices that may promote growth mindset in the context of orchestral music education and more generally for future studies of the extra-musical benefits of high-quality music education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Holochwost
- WolfBrown, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Psychology, Lehman College, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Judith Hill Bose
- Longy School of Music of Bard College, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Eleanor D Brown
- Department of Psychology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA, United States
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Brown ED, Holochwost SJ, Laurenceau JP, Garnett ML, Anderson KE. Deconstructing Cumulative Risk: Poverty and Aspects of Instability Relate Uniquely to Young Children's Basal Cortisol. Child Dev 2021; 92:1067-1082. [PMID: 33400295 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study deconstructs cumulative risk to probe unique relations to basal cortisol for family income and four distinct aspects of poverty-related instability. Participants were 288 children aged 3-5 years who attended Head Start preschool. Parents reported on poverty risks. Children provided samples of salivary cortisol at four times of day on 6 days. Results of hierarchical linear modeling with piecewise latent growth curves representing basal cortisol indicated unique relations for family income, household chaos, neighborhood risk, attachment-disruptive residential changes, and non-attachment changes. The findings support an equifinality implied by cumulative risk models in demonstrating that multiple risks relate to cortisol dysregulation yet also suggest the utility of considering unique effects of different risks for neurophysiological stress response functioning.
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50
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Nix RL, Francis LA, Feinberg ME, Gill S, Jones DE, Hostetler ML, Stifter CA. Improving Toddlers' Healthy Eating Habits and Self-regulation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pediatrics 2021; 147:peds.2019-3326. [PMID: 33372118 PMCID: PMC7780956 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested whether Recipe 4 Success, a preventive intervention featuring structured food preparation lessons, was successful in improving the following 4 protective factors related to overweight and obesity among families living in poverty: toddlers' healthy eating habits, toddlers' self-regulation, parents' responsive feeding practices, and parents' sensitive scaffolding. METHODS This randomized controlled trial was open to families enrolled in Early Head Start home visits and included 73 parents and their toddlers aged 18 to 36 months. Multimethod assessments were conducted at baseline and posttreatment. RESULTS Compared with toddlers in usual practice Early Head Start, toddlers in Recipe 4 Success consumed healthier meals and snacks (d = 0.57; P < .03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08-1.06) and displayed better self-regulation (d = 0.95; P < .001; 95% CI: 0.43-1.45). Compared with parents in usual practice Early Head Start, parents in Recipe 4 Success engaged in more responsive feeding practices (d = 0.87; P < .002; 95% CI: 0.34-1.40) and were better able to sensitively scaffold their toddlers' learning and development (d = 0.58; P < .04; 95% CI: 0.07-1.09). CONCLUSIONS This randomized controlled trial revealed medium to large intervention effects on 4 important protective factors that are related to overweight and obesity but are often compromised by living in poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L. Nix
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Lori A. Francis
- Departments of Biobehavioral Health, and,Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mark E. Feinberg
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center,,Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Sukhdeep Gill
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University York, York, Pennsylvania
| | - Damon E. Jones
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center,,Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Michelle L. Hostetler
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center,,Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Cynthia A. Stifter
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania; and
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