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Goral O, Wald IY, Maimon A, Snir A, Golland Y, Goral A, Amedi A. Enhancing interoceptive sensibility through exteroceptive-interoceptive sensory substitution. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14855. [PMID: 38937475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring a novel approach to mental health technology, this study illuminates the intricate interplay between exteroception (the perception of the external world), and interoception (the perception of the internal world). Drawing on principles of sensory substitution, we investigated how interoceptive signals, particularly respiration, could be conveyed through exteroceptive modalities, namely vision and hearing. To this end, we developed a unique, immersive multisensory environment that translates respiratory signals in real-time into dynamic visual and auditory stimuli. The system was evaluated by employing a battery of various psychological assessments, with the findings indicating a significant increase in participants' interoceptive sensibility and an enhancement of the state of flow, signifying immersive and positive engagement with the experience. Furthermore, a correlation between these two variables emerged, revealing a bidirectional enhancement between the state of flow and interoceptive sensibility. Our research is the first to present a sensory substitution approach for substituting between interoceptive and exteroceptive senses, and specifically as a transformative method for mental health interventions, paving the way for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oran Goral
- Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Iddo Yehoshua Wald
- Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- Digital Media Lab, Bremen University, Bremen, Germany
| | - Amber Maimon
- Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
- Computational Psychiatry and Neurotechnology Lab, Ben Gurion University, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Adi Snir
- Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Yulia Golland
- Sagol Center for Brain and Mind, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Aviva Goral
- Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Amir Amedi
- Baruch Ivcher Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Technology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel.
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2
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Klinkhammer S, Duits AA, Deckers K, Horn J, Slooter AJC, Verwijk E, van Heugten CM, Visser-Meily JMA. A Biopsychosocial Approach to Persistent Post-COVID-19 Fatigue and Cognitive Complaints: Results of the Prospective Multicenter NeNeSCo Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2024; 105:826-834. [PMID: 38228250 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether psychological and social factors complement biomedical factors in understanding post-COVID-19 fatigue and cognitive complaints. Additionally, to incorporate objective (neuro-cognitive) and subjective (patient-reported) variables in identifying factors related to post-COVID-19 fatigue and cognitive complaints. DESIGN Prospective, multicenter cohort study. SETTING Six Dutch hospitals. PARTICIPANTS 205 initially hospitalized (March-June 2020), confirmed patients with SARS-CoV-2, aged ≥18 years, physically able to visit the hospital, without prior cognitive deficit, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contraindication, or severe neurologic damage post-hospital discharge (N=205). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Nine months post-hospital discharge, a 3T MRI scan and cognitive testing were performed and patients completed questionnaires. Medical data were retrieved from medical dossiers. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed on fatigue severity (Fatigue Severity Scale; FSS) and cognitive complaints (Cognitive Consequences after Intensive Care Admission; CLC-IC; dichotomized into CLC-high/low). Variable blocks: (1) Demographic and premorbid factors (sex, age, education, comorbidities), (2) Illness severity (ICU/general ward, PROMIS physical functioning [PROMIS-PF]), (3) Neuro-cognitive factors (self-reported neurological symptoms, MRI abnormalities, cognitive performance), (4) Psychological and social factors (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS], Utrecht Coping List, Social Support List), and (5) Fatigue or cognitive complaints. RESULTS The final models explained 60% (FSS) and 48% (CLC-IC) variance, with most blocks (except neuro-cognitive factors for FSS) significantly contributing. Psychological and social factors accounted for 5% (FSS) and 11% (CLC-IC) unique variance. Higher FSS scores were associated with younger age (P=.01), lower PROMIS-PF (P<.001), higher HADS-Depression (P=.03), and CLC-high (P=.04). Greater odds of CLC-high were observed in individuals perceiving more social support (OR=1.07, P<.05). CONCLUSIONS Results show that psychological and social factors add to biomedical factors in explaining persistent post-COVID-19 fatigue and cognitive complaints. Objective neuro-cognitive factors were not associated with symptoms. Findings highlight the importance of multidomain treatment, including psychosocial care, which may not target biologically-rooted symptoms directly but may reduce associated distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Klinkhammer
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Annelien A Duits
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Kay Deckers
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Horn
- Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arjen J C Slooter
- UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology, UZ Brussel and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels Health Campus, Jette, Belgium
| | - Esmée Verwijk
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Brain and Cognition, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline M van Heugten
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Limburg Brain Injury Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Johanna M A Visser-Meily
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Center of Excellence for Rehabilitation Medicine and De Hoogstraat Rehabilitation, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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3
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Hamilton OS, Iob E, Ajnakina O, Kirkbride JB, Steptoe A. Immune-neuroendocrine patterning and response to stress. A latent profile analysis in the English longitudinal study of ageing. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:600-608. [PMID: 37967661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosocial stress exposure can disturb communication signals between the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems that are intended to maintain homeostasis. This dysregulation can provoke a negative feedback loop between each system that has high pathological risk. Here, we explore patterns of immune-neuroendocrine activity and the role of stress. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we first identified the latent structure of immune-neuroendocrine activity (indexed by high sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen [Fb], hair cortisol [cortisol], and insulin growth-factor-1 [IGF-1]), within a population-based cohort using latent profile analysis (LPA). Then, we determined whether life stress was associated with membership of different immune-neuroendocrine profiles. We followed 4,934 male and female participants, with a median age of 65 years, over a four-year period (2008-2012). A three-class LPA solution offered the most parsimonious fit to the underlying immune-neuroendocrine structure in the data, with 36 %, 40 %, and 24 % of the population belonging to profiles 1 (low-risk), 2 (moderate-risk), and 3 (high-risk), respectively. After adjustment for genetic predisposition, sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health, higher exposure to stress was associated with a 61 % greater risk of belonging to the high-risk profile (RRR: 1.61; 95 %CI = 1.23-2.12, p = 0.001), but not the moderate-risk profile (RRR = 1.10, 95 %CI = 0.89-1.35, p = 0.401), as compared with the low-risk profile four years later. Our findings extend existing knowledge on psychoneuroimmunological processes, by revealing how inflammation and neuroendocrine activity cluster in a representative sample of older adults, and how stress exposure was associated with immune-neuroendocrine responses over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa S Hamilton
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK; Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Eleonora Iob
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK; Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Memory Lane, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - James B Kirkbride
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
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Bach-Faig A, Ferreres Giménez I, Pueyo Alamán MG. [Immunonutrition and (its impact on) health. Micronutrients and debilitating factors]. NUTR HOSP 2023; 40:3-8. [PMID: 37929894 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Introduction: the interaction between immunity and nutrition is complex and multifaceted. Micronutrients, including vitamins and minerals, are essential for immune function. In turn, immune function and lifestyle habits can affect nutritional needs and micronutrient utilization, creating an interdependence between nutrition and immunity that can be modulated by both external and internal factors. Objectives: to examine the relationship between micronutrient intake and immune function, and how debilitating factors such as aging, disease, and stress can impact this relationship. Methods: a review of scientific evidence and recommendations from major international scientific societies was conducted to identify the importance of micronutrients in immune function and how debilitating factors can alter their impact. Results: the effect of different micronutrients on immune function is described. Debilitating factors like aging, stress, and chronic diseases can compromise the immune system and make the body more susceptible to infections. However, adequate intake of micronutrients and healthy habits can help to strengthen immunity and mitigate the effects of these debilitating factors. Conclusion: immunonutrition is a critical component for maintaining a strong and healthy immune system. Sufficient intake of micronutrients and healthy lifestyle habits can help improve immunity, especially in the presence of debilitating factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bach-Faig
- Grupo de Investigación FoodLab (2017SGR 83), Estudios de Ciencias de la Salud, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Spain
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Ye L, Hou Y, Hu W, Wang H, Yang R, Zhang Q, Feng Q, Zheng X, Yao G, Hao H. Repressed Blautia-acetate immunological axis underlies breast cancer progression promoted by chronic stress. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6160. [PMID: 37789028 PMCID: PMC10547687 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is a known risk factor for breast cancer, yet the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study explores the potential involvement of microbial and metabolic signals in chronic stress-promoted breast cancer progression, revealing that reduced abundances of Blautia and its metabolite acetate may contribute to this process. Treatment with Blautia and acetate increases antitumor responses of CD8+ T cells and reverses stress-promoted breast cancer progression in female mice. Patients with depression exhibit lower abundances of Blautia and acetate, and breast cancer female patients with depression display lower abundances of acetate, decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells, and an increased risk of metastasis. These results suggest that Blautia-derived acetate plays a crucial role in modulating the immune response to breast cancer, and its reduction may contribute to chronic stress-promoted cancer progression. Our findings advance the understanding of microbial and metabolic signals implicated in cancer in patients with depression and may provide therapeutic options for female patients with breast cancer and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ye
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuanlong Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Wanyu Hu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ruopeng Yang
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qihan Zhang
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiaoli Feng
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Guangyu Yao
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Kirsch JA, Coe C, Ryff CD. Racial and Educational Disparities in Cumulative Exposure to Hardships of the 2008 Great Recession and Inflammation. Psychosom Med 2023; 85:699-709. [PMID: 37506298 PMCID: PMC10543484 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional analysis examined self-reported economic hardships of the 2008 Great Recession, race/ethnicity, educational attainment, and psychological well-being (PWB) as predictors of systemic inflammatory physiology at midlife. We also tested for differential vulnerability in the relationship between recession hardship and inflammatory physiology by race/ethnicity, education, and PWB. METHODS Adults from the Midlife in the United States Refresher sample completed a survey and biomedical assessments after the recession ( n = 592 non-Hispanic White respondents, n = 158 Black/African American respondents, n = 108 respondents with other race/ethnicity). Cumulative recession hardship was the sum of financial, housing, and employment-related events. Outcomes included circulating levels of interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein. General linear regression models tested main effects interactions between primary predictor variables. RESULTS Educational attainment was inversely associated with recession hardships ( b = -0.18, 95% confidence interval = -0.26 to -0.11, p < .001). Black/African American respondents reported more recession hardships than White respondents ( b = 1.17, 95% confidence interval = 0.67 to 1.68, p < .001). More recession hardships predicted higher levels of interleukin 6 ( b = 0.06, p < .001) and C-reactive protein ( b = 0.04, p = .004). Analyses did not support race/ethnicity, education, and PWB as moderators of the association between recession hardship and inflammatory markers. CONCLUSIONS Race/ethnicity and education independently predicted disparities in cumulative recession hardship exposure. Recession hardship predicted higher blood levels of inflammatory proteins associated with long-term health. The lack of findings for differential vulnerability in the relationship between recession hardship and inflammatory markers by race/ethnicity, education, or PWB was possibly due to the limited sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A. Kirsch
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health and the Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Christopher Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Carol D. Ryff
- Department of Psychology and the Institute on Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Sibley D, Chen M, West MA, Matthew AG, Santa Mina D, Randall I. Potential mechanisms of multimodal prehabilitation effects on surgical complications: a narrative review. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2023; 48:639-656. [PMID: 37224570 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2022-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Continuous advances in prehabilitation research over the past several decades have clarified its role in improving preoperative risk factors, yet the evidence demonstrating reduced surgical complications remains uncertain. Describing the potential mechanisms underlying prehabilitation and surgical complications represents an important opportunity to establish biological plausibility, develop targeted therapies, generate hypotheses for future research, and contribute to the rationale for implementation into the standard of care. In this narrative review, we discuss and synthesize the current evidence base for the biological plausibility of multimodal prehabilitation to reduce surgical complications. The goal of this review is to improve prehabilitation interventions and measurement by outlining biologically plausible mechanisms of benefit and generating hypotheses for future research. This is accomplished by synthesizing the available evidence for the mechanistic benefit of exercise, nutrition, and psychological interventions for reducing the incidence and severity of surgical complications reported by the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). This review was conducted and reported in accordance with a quality assessment scale for narrative reviews. Findings indicate that prehabilitation has biological plausibility to reduce all complications outlined by NSQIP. Mechanisms for prehabilitation to reduce surgical complications include anti-inflammation, enhanced innate immunity, and attenuation of sympathovagal imbalance. Mechanisms vary depending on the intervention protocol and baseline characteristics of the sample. This review highlights the need for more research in this space while proposing potential mechanisms to be included in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sibley
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maggie Chen
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Malcolm A West
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Perioperative and Critical Care, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrew G Matthew
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ian Randall
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Hamilton OS, Iob E, Ajnakina O, Kirkbride JB, Steptoe A. Immune-Neuroendocrine Patterning and Response to Stress. A latent profile analysis in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.07.23292378. [PMID: 37461452 PMCID: PMC10350138 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.23292378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Psychosocial stress exposure can disturb communication signals between the immune, nervous, and endocrine systems that are intended to maintain homeostasis. This dysregulation can provoke a negative feedback loop between each system that has high pathological risk. Here, we explore patterns of immune-neuroendocrine activity and the role of stress. Using data from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), we first identified the latent structure of immune-neuroendocrine activity (indexed by high sensitivity C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen [Fb], hair cortisol [cortisol], and insulin growth-factor-1 [IGF-1]), within a population-based cohort using latent profile analysis (LPA). Then, we determined whether life stress was associated with membership of different immune-neuroendocrine profiles. We followed 4,934 male and female participants with a median age of 65 years over a four-year period (2008-2012). A three-class LPA solution offered the most parsimonious fit to the underlying immune-neuroendocrine structure in the data, with 36%, 40%, and 24% of the population belonging to profiles 1 (low-risk), 2 (moderate-risk), and 3 (high-risk), respectively. After adjustment for genetic predisposition, sociodemographics, lifestyle, and health, higher exposure to stress was associated with a 61% greater risk of belonging to the high-risk profile (RRR: 1.61; 95%CI=1.23-2.12, p=0.001), but not the moderate-risk profile (RRR=1.10, 95%CI=0.89-1.35, p=0.401), as compared with the low-risk profile four years later. Our findings extend existing knowledge on psychoneuroimmunological processes, by revealing how inflammation and neuroendocrine activity cluster in a representative sample of older adults, and how stress exposure was associated with immune-neuroendocrine responses over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa S. Hamilton
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Eleonora Iob
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, Memory Lane, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Olesya Ajnakina
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, 16 De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - James B. Kirkbride
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
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Ju LS, Morey TE, Seubert CN, Martynyuk AE. Intergenerational Perioperative Neurocognitive Disorder. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040567. [PMID: 37106766 PMCID: PMC10135810 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Accelerated neurocognitive decline after general anesthesia/surgery, also known as perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND), is a widely recognized public health problem that may affect millions of patients each year. Advanced age, with its increasing prevalence of heightened stress, inflammation, and neurodegenerative alterations, is a consistent contributing factor to the development of PND. Although a strong homeostatic reserve in young adults makes them more resilient to PND, animal data suggest that young adults with pathophysiological conditions characterized by excessive stress and inflammation may be vulnerable to PND, and this altered phenotype may be passed to future offspring (intergenerational PND). The purpose of this narrative review of data in the literature and the authors' own experimental findings in rodents is to draw attention to the possibility of intergenerational PND, a new phenomenon which, if confirmed in humans, may unravel a big new population that may be affected by parental PND. In particular, we discuss the roles of stress, inflammation, and epigenetic alterations in the development of PND. We also discuss experimental findings that demonstrate the effects of surgery, traumatic brain injury, and the general anesthetic sevoflurane that interact to induce persistent dysregulation of the stress response system, inflammation markers, and behavior in young adult male rats and in their future offspring who have neither trauma nor anesthetic exposure (i.e., an animal model of intergenerational PND).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Sha Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Timothy E Morey
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christoph N Seubert
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Anatoly E Martynyuk
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100254, JHMHC, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
- Brain Institute, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Coman MM, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV, Cifani C, Silvi S, Verdenelli MC. SYNBIO® Probiotic and Antioxidant Dietary Supplementation: Clinical Trial Evaluation of Potential Effects on Airline Flight Crew Members’ Well-Being. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040924. [PMID: 37110347 PMCID: PMC10145893 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The irregular lifestyle of airline crew members, wide/adverse job-related exposures, and the impact of temporary hypoxia on gut microbiota well-being have increased concern about the daily recommended dose of certain nutrients among flight crew. The aim of this study was to determine if daily consumption of a SYNBIO® probiotics–elderberry extract supplement (ACTIVE) may contribute to the well-being of flight attendants. Forty healthy crew members enrolled in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study consumed one ACTIVE capsule/day or placebo for 30 days. Bowel well-being, health-related quality of life, and gastrointestinal tolerance were assessed by validated questionnaires. Saliva and fecal samples were analyzed to determine secretory immunoglobulin-A (sIgA) levels and to characterize gut microbiota composition, respectively. ACTIVE subjects presented a physiological improvement and a statistically significant higher Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI) global score compared to PLACEBO subjects. The ACTIVE subjects showed significantly increased levels of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria compared to the PLACEBO group, while a significant increase in lactobacilli and a significant reduction in Enterobacteriaceae were registered when compared with the beginning of supplementation, confirming the persistence of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract and the direct antagonism and competitive exclusion effects. Additionally, sIgA levels were significantly higher in the ACTIVE group compared to the baseline and to the PLACEBO group at the end of supplementation. The ACTIVE supplementation might be beneficial to airline crew members, improving their physiological state, their immune defenses, and the strength and efficiency of their gastrointestinal tract when responding to stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Magdalena Coman
- Synbiotec S.r.l., Spin-Off of UNICAM, Via Gentile III Da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Stefania Silvi
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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11
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Choi JHS, O'Donnell CD, Phan VN, Coe CL, Miyamoto Y. Role of the valuation of nervousness in cortisol responses to psychosocial stress task and task performance in European American and East Asian students. Biol Psychol 2023; 177:108495. [PMID: 36634810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
How people perceive and value negative affective states is associated with physiological responses to stressful events and moderates the association between negative feelings and physiological and behavioral outcomes. However, previous studies on valuation of negative affective states have been conducted mostly in Western cultures. Different cultural backgrounds shape how people view negative emotions as well as how people attend to internal emotional states, which may change the effects of valuing negative emotions. The present study thus examined whether valuation of nervousness was associated with the magnitude and duration of cortisol responses to a standardized laboratory stressor and task performance in East Asian and European American students. Two hundred undergraduate students were recruited through a large pool of students taking psychology courses. They engaged in demanding speech and arithmetic tasks as part of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). European American participants who had a higher valuation of nervousness showed lower cortisol reactivity. Valuing nervousness was associated with better speech performance in students from both cultural backgrounds, and the strength of this association was moderated by cortisol level. Our findings call attention to the importance of considering whether negative emotions are viewed as beneficial or an impediment, as well as the cultural context when responding to demanding and threatening situations.
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12
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Hamilton OS, Steptoe A. Socioeconomic determinants of inflammation and neuroendocrine activity: A longitudinal analysis of compositional and contextual effects. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:276-285. [PMID: 36270438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic determinants are well-established modulators of inflammation and neuroendocrine activity. Less clear is whether neighbourhood-contextual or individual-compositional factors are more closely associated with gradients in these biomarkers. Here, we examine how immune and neuroendocrine activity are cross-sectionally and longitudinally nested in meso-level socioeconomic characteristics. Participants, male and female, aged ≥50, were recruited from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Neighbourhood (Index of Multiple Deprivation [IMD]) and individual (Wealth/Education/Occupational Social Class [Occupation]) factors were drawn from wave 4 (baseline; 2008). Immune and neuroendocrine biomarkers (indexed by C-reactive protein [CRP; n = 3,968]; fibrinogen [n = 3,932]; white blood cell counts [WBCC; n = 4,022]; insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1; n = 4,056]) were measured at baseline and 4-years later (wave 6; 2012). Covariates at baseline included demographic, clinical, and lifestyle variables. Lower socioeconomic status was associated with heighted inflammation and lower neuroendocrine activity unadjusted both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. With few exceptions, cross-sectional associations remained significant after full adjustment. Prospectively, low IMD remained associated with higher CRP and WBCC; wealth with WBCC; and education and occupation with fibrinogen and WBCC. IMD-biomarker associations were reduced when wealth was simultaneously taken into account. Lifestyle accounted for the greatest variance in associations between socioeconomic indicators and inflammation (≤42.11%), but demographics were more salient to neuroendocrine activity (≤88.46%). Neighbourhood-contextual factors were stronger indicators of aberrant biomarker activity than individual-compositional factors in cross-sectional analyses but were largely explained by wealth differences prospectively. Therefore, immune and neuroendocrine changes depended on the composition of the population living in an area, rather than the area itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa S Hamilton
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
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13
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Fernandez E, Pham TM, Kolaparthi K, Sun R, Perez BS, Iwuala EC, Wu W, Shattuck EC. Parameters of anger as related to sensory-affective components of pain. Scand J Pain 2022; 23:284-290. [PMID: 36490215 DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2022-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Comorbid with chronic pain are negative emotions, anger being particularly salient. To evaluate specific relationships between pain and anger, the present study deconstructed anger into five parameters and dichotomized pain into sensory vs. affective components. Hypotheses were (i) anger parameters would be significantly and positively correlated with affective pain more so than with sensory pain, and (ii) individual parameters would be differentially related to pain components.
Methods
The Anger Parameters Scale (APS) was used to rate five parameters of anger: frequency, duration, intensity, latency, and threshold. Also rated was the physical sensation of pain and the degree of distress from pain. The volunteer sample comprised n=51 chronic pain patients, varying in ethnicity/race and educational level.
Results
Descriptive statistics revealed: APS total M=71.52, SD=16.68, Sensory pain M=6.27, SD=2.15, Affective pain M=5.76, SD=2.28. Sensory and affective pain were highly correlated, r=0.70. APS total was significantly associated with affective pain (r=+0.28) but hardly with sensory pain (r=0.12). Two anger parameters significantly correlated with affective pain: anger frequency (r=+0.30, p<0.05) and anger threshold (r=+0.33, p<0.05). Secondarily, certain educational levels (but not gender and ethnicity/race) were associated with significantly higher APS total scores.
Conclusions
Scores for all variables were in the mid-range. As hypothesized, anger was more strongly correlated with distress/suffering of pain than with physical sensation of pain, though both pain components were closely coupled. Specific findings regarding frequency and threshold imply that being angry often and being oversensitive to provocation are associated with greater distress in this context. In deconstructing anger and dichotomizing pain, the present study extends previous research by elaborating on what aspects of anger are most related to which components of pain. Moreover, certain educational levels with higher levels of anger may need special attention. Further research could examine if treatment of anger might lead to corresponding changes in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephrem Fernandez
- Psychology Department , University of Texas San Antonio , San Antonio , TX , USA
| | - Tuan M. Pham
- University of Texas Medical Branch , Galveston , USA
| | - Krishna Kolaparthi
- University of Texas San Antonio, Institute for Health Disparities Research , San Antonio , USA
| | - Renhao Sun
- Department of Management Science & Statistics , University of Texas San Antonio , San Antonio , USA
| | | | | | - Wenbo Wu
- Department of Management Science & Statistics , University of Texas San Antonio , San Antonio , USA
| | - Eric C. Shattuck
- Institute for Health Disparities Research and Department of Public Health, University of Texas San Antonio , San Antonio , USA
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14
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Ospina LH, Beck-Felts K, Ifrah C, Lister A, Messer S, Russo SJ, Gross JJ, Kimhy D. Inflammation and emotion regulation: Findings from the MIDUS II study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100536. [PMID: 36247835 PMCID: PMC9563642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) strategies are thought to contribute to mental as well as physical health outcomes. Two common ER strategies include expressive suppression, or inhibition of emotional expression, and cognitive reappraisal, which involves changing how to think about an emotion-eliciting event in order to change its emotional impact. Recent reports have hypothesized that one potential way in which ER may be linked to health outcomes is via the immune system. However, information on this putative link is scarce. The present study aims to explore whether peripheral inflammatory biomarkers are associated with individual differences in ER-strategy use. Participants (n = 117) from the Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS II) study completed the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and provided a blood sample for immune biomarker extraction including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), E-selectin, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and fibrinogen. Results showed higher levels of expressive suppression were associated with decreased IL-10, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 levels (controlling for age, sex, BMI, total prescribed medications, and depressive symptoms). Consistent with these findings, hierarchical regression results identified TNF-α as a significant predictor of expressive suppression use. In contrast, no inflammatory markers were associated with predicted use of cognitive reappraisal. Our findings suggest a link between inflammation and specific ER-strategy use. Future research should consider the effects of pro-vs. anti-inflammatory cytokines on adaptive ER and subsequent mental and physical health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luz H. Ospina
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katie Beck-Felts
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chloe Ifrah
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amanda Lister
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sylvie Messer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott J. Russo
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James J. Gross
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- MIRECC, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
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15
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Galassi F, Merizzi A, D’Amen B, Santini S. Creativity and art therapies to promote healthy aging: A scoping review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:906191. [PMID: 36225688 PMCID: PMC9549330 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this scoping review is to investigate the value of creative arts therapies in healthy older adults. This article aims to shed light on current knowledge concerning the effectiveness of art therapies (ATs) for the prevention of common age-related conditions using the definition of art therapy provided by the American Art Therapy Association (AATA), as well as Cohen’s conceptual framework for the psychological conceptualization of the relationship between the arts and health in later life. The objective is to carefully capture subthreshold situations of distress, which are often not taken into account and primarily involve psychological aspects that are crucial in the multidimensional perspective of healthy aging. Twelve articles were selected and examined following an initial electronic search on 3 databases. A thematic analysis of the results identified four major themes: improving cognitive performance and proprioception; enhancing self-identity and meaningful life; reducing feelings of loneliness and depressive symptoms; and the importance of socialization. All these aspects constitute the basis for preventing psychological distress and enhancing mental well-being for healthy aging.
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16
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Chen W, Zeng Y, Suo C, Yang H, Chen Y, Hou C, Hu Y, Ying Z, Sun Y, Qu Y, Lu D, Fang F, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Song H. Genetic predispositions to psychiatric disorders and the risk of COVID-19. BMC Med 2022; 20:314. [PMID: 35999565 PMCID: PMC9397166 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02520-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether a genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders is associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is unknown. METHODS Our analytic sample consisted of 287,123 white British participants in UK Biobank who were alive on 31 January 2020. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis for each psychiatric disorder (substance misuse, depression, anxiety, psychotic disorder, and stress-related disorders) in a randomly selected half of the study population ("base dataset"). For the other half ("target dataset"), the polygenic risk score (PRS) was calculated as a proxy of individuals' genetic predisposition to a given psychiatric phenotype using discovered genetic variants from the base dataset. Ascertainment of COVID-19 was based on the Public Health England dataset, inpatient hospital data, or death registers in UK Biobank. COVID-19 cases from hospitalization records or death records were considered "severe cases." The association between the PRS for psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 risk was examined using logistic regression. We also repeated PRS analyses based on publicly available GWAS summary statistics. RESULTS A total of 143,562 participants (including 10,868 COVID-19 cases) were used for PRS analyses. A higher genetic predisposition to psychiatric disorders was associated with an increased risk of any COVID-19 and severe COVID-19. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for any COVID-19 was 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02-1.13) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.01-1.11) among individuals with a high genetic risk (above the upper tertile of the PRS) for substance misuse and depression, respectively, compared with individuals with a low genetic risk (below the lower tertile). Slightly higher ORs were noted for severe COVID-19, and similar result patterns were obtained in analyses based on publicly available GWAS summary statistics. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a potential role of genetic factors in the observed phenotypic association between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19. Our data underscore the need for increased medical surveillance for this vulnerable population during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Chen
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zeng
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Suo
- Department of Epidemiology & Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huazhen Yang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yilong Chen
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Can Hou
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Hu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiye Ying
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Sun
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Donghao Lu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unnur A Valdimarsdóttir
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huan Song
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. .,Center of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
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17
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Wardecker BM, Surachman A, Matsick JL, Almeida DM. Daily Stressor Exposure and Daily Well-Being Among Sexual Minority and Heterosexual Adults in the United States: Results from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:536-550. [PMID: 34536005 PMCID: PMC9242545 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daily stress plays a significant role in mental and physical health. Negative mood (e.g., hopelessness) and physical symptoms (e.g., headaches) are responses often associated with daily stressors. It is theorized that some people or populations are more vulnerable or reactive to daily stressors. We propose sexual orientation as one factor that is associated with daily stress exposure and reactivity. PURPOSE To understand whether sexual minorities (SMs) differ from heterosexuals in their exposure and reactivity to general, non-sexual minority-specific stressors (e.g., arguments/disagreements, job concerns). METHODS We used daily diary data (n = 3,323 heterosexuals [52% identified as female and 85% identified as White]; n = 98 SMs [50% identified as female and 93% identified as White]) from the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE). Participants completed eight consecutive evening daily diary interviews (n days = 24,773; mean days completed = 7.24) and reported daily stress exposure and daily well-being. We used multilevel modeling as an approach to examine whether sexual orientation interacted with daily stressors to predict daily negative affect and physical health. RESULTS SMs tended to experience more daily stressors compared to heterosexuals; specifically, SMs reported at least one stressor on nearly half (48%) of the study days they completed, and heterosexuals reported at least one stressor on about two-fifths (41%) of the study days they completed. SMs also tended to experience more negative mood when they experienced a daily stressor compared to heterosexuals when they experienced a daily stressor. CONCLUSION We emphasize the importance of SMs' exposure and reactivity to general daily stressors and the implications of our results for the day-to-day lives and health of SMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britney M Wardecker
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Agus Surachman
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jes L Matsick
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - David M Almeida
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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18
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Klopack ET, Crimmins EM, Cole SW, Seeman TE, Carroll JE. Social stressors associated with age-related T lymphocyte percentages in older US adults: Evidence from the US Health and Retirement Study. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2202780119. [PMID: 35696572 PMCID: PMC9231620 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2202780119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to stress is a risk factor for poor health and accelerated aging. Immune aging, including declines in naïve and increases in terminally differentiated T cells, plays a role in immune health and tissue specific aging, and may contribute to elevated risk for poor health among those who experience high psychosocial stress. Past data have been limited in estimating the contribution of life stress to the development of accelerated immune aging and investigating mediators such as lifestyle and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. This study utilizes a national sample of 5,744 US adults over age 50 to assess the relationship of social stress (viz., everyday discrimination, stressful life events, lifetime discrimination, life trauma, and chronic stress) with flow cytometric estimates of immune aging, including naïve and terminally differentiated T cell percentages and the ratio of CD4+ to CD8+ cells. Experiencing life trauma and chronic stress was related to a lower percentage of CD4+ naïve cells. Discrimination and chronic stress were each associated with a greater percentage of terminally differentiated CD4+ cells. Stressful life events, high lifetime discrimination, and life trauma were related to a lower percentage of CD8+ naïve cells. Stressful life events, high lifetime discrimination, and chronic stress were associated with a higher percentage of terminally differentiated CD8+ cells. High lifetime discrimination and chronic stress were related to a lower CD4+:CD8+ ratio. Lifestyle factors and CMV seropositivity partially reduced these effects. Results identify psychosocial stress as a contributor to accelerating immune aging by decreasing naïve and increasing terminally differentiated T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric T. Klopack
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Eileen M. Crimmins
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Teresa E. Seeman
- Division of Geriatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Judith E. Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane & Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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Enhanced Effects of Chronic Restraint-Induced Psychological Stress on Total Body Fe-Irradiation-Induced Hematopoietic Toxicity in Trp53-Heterozygous Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040565. [PMID: 35455056 PMCID: PMC9025703 DOI: 10.3390/life12040565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are exposed to both psychological stress (PS) and radiation in some scenarios such as manned deep-space missions. It is of great concern to verify possible enhanced deleterious effects from such concurrent exposure. Pioneer studies showed that chronic restraint-induced PS (CRIPS) could attenuate Trp53 functions and increase gamma-ray-induced carcinogenesis in Trp53-heterozygous mice while CRIPS did not significantly modify the effects on X-ray-induced hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53 wild-type mice. As high-linear energy transfer (LET) radiation is the most important component of space radiation in causing biological effects, we further investigated the effects of CRIPS on high-LET iron-particle radiation (Fe)-induced hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53-heterozygous mice. The results showed that CRIPS alone could hardly induce significant alteration in hematological parameters (peripheral hemogram and micronucleated erythrocytes in bone marrow) while concurrent exposure caused elevated genotoxicity measured as micronucleus incidence in erythrocytes. Particularly, exposure to either CRISP or Fe-particle radiation at a low dose (0.1 Gy) did not induce a marked increase in the micronucleus incidence; however, concurrent exposure caused a significantly higher increase in the micronucleus incidence. These findings indicated that CRIPS could enhance the deleterious effects of high-LET radiation, particularly at a low dose, on the hematopoietic toxicity in Trp53-heterozygous mice.
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20
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Agbayani CJ, Tucker JA, Nelson EL, Martinez F, Cortes H, Khoury D, Kain ZN, Lin C, Torno L, Fortier MA. Immunological and psychosocial functioning in parents of children with cancer. Support Care Cancer 2022; 30:3379-3388. [PMID: 34994860 PMCID: PMC9833860 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research has shown that parents of children with cancer exhibit an altered immune profile compared to parents of healthy children, reflective of increased susceptibility to illness. These parents are also at risk for poorer psychosocial outcomes and quality of life. The current study compares peripheral blood cell analyses and psychosocial self-reports from parents of children being treated for cancer (n = 21) to parents of healthy children (n = 30). METHODS A blood sample was drawn from parents to analyze immune profiles. Parents also completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (MOS), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Short Form v1.0 Emotional Distress-Anxiety 8a, and Emotional Distress-Depression 8a (PROMIS). Mann-Whitney U tests and independent samples t-tests were conducted to examine differences in outcomes between parent groups. RESULTS Parents of children with cancer exhibited higher monocyte percentages in their peripheral blood compared to peers with healthy children. Parents of children with cancer also reported poorer psychosocial outcomes: higher perceived stress, higher anxiety and depression symptoms, more role disability resulting from emotional problems, poorer general and mental health, and poorer social functioning. CONCLUSION These findings support research that has shown a direct effect of chronic stress on the immune system. Symptoms reported by parents of children with cancer indicate unmet psychosocial needs that could potentially affect long-term health. Given the central role of parents in their children's cancer care, it is compelling to address and work to improve parent immunological and psychosocial well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystle-Joie Agbayani
- UCI Center on Stress and Health, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Psychological Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jo A. Tucker
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Edward L. Nelson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Institute for Immunology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,NCI-Designated Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Freddy Martinez
- UCI Center on Stress and Health, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Haydee Cortes
- UCI Center on Stress and Health, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Dina Khoury
- UCI Center on Stress and Health, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Zeev N. Kain
- UCI Center on Stress and Health, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, CHOC, Orange, CA, USA,Child Study Center, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carol Lin
- Hyundai Cancer Institute, CHOC, Orange, CA, USA
| | | | - Michelle A Fortier
- UCI Center on Stress and Health, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Psychological Science, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,NCI-Designated Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Care, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, CHOC, Orange, CA, USA,Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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21
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Scott SR, Manczak EM. Metabolic proteins at birth predict early childhood mental health symptoms. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22248. [PMID: 35191530 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Child mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents worldwide. Biological correlates predict psychosocial outcomes throughout human development; however, less is known about metabolic proteins. Drawing from a longitudinal birth cohort study, Born in Bradford (BiB), we examined the role of infant metabolic proteins at birth in predicting early childhood mental health symptoms at 3 and 5 years. We found that higher leptin predicted more prosocial behavior at age 3. Additionally, a higher leptin-to-adiponectin ratio predicted increased total symptom difficulties. At age 5, we found that higher adiponectin predicted a decreased likelihood of being rated by teachers as meeting or exceeding expectations in the domain of "managing feelings and behaviors" and marginally predicted lower competency in "making relationships" on national developmental milestone evaluations. To our knowledge, this is among the first few studies to prospectively predict mental health symptoms from cord blood metabolic proteins, and the first examining this association with a leptin-to-adiponectin ratio. Our results provide support for the possibility that metabolic proteins at birth forecast risk for mental health symptoms in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Erika M Manczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
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22
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Brady J, Hayward RD, Edhayan E. The association of psychiatric and neurological comorbidities with outcomes in traumatic injury patients. Int J Psychiatry Med 2022; 57:69-79. [PMID: 33451271 DOI: 10.1177/0091217421989147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental illness is a well-known risk factor for injury and injury recidivism. The impact of pre-existing psychiatric illness on trauma outcomes, however, has received less attention. Our study examines the relationship of pre-existing psychiatric illness on trauma outcomes including length of stay, cost, and mortality. METHODS Patient data were obtained from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's State Inpatient Database. All patients admitted for trauma in the Detroit metropolitan area from 1/1/2006 to 12/31/2014 were included. The relationship between individual psychiatric comorbidities (depression, psychosis, and other neurological disorders) and outcomes were evaluated with logistic regression (mortality) and generalized linear modeling (length of stay and cost). RESULTS Over 260,000 records were reviewed. Approximately one-third (29.9%) of patients had one or more psychiatric diagnoses. Patients with depression had longer hospital stays (RR = 1.12, p < 0.001) and higher costs (RR = 1.07, p < 0.001), but also lower mortality (OR = 0.69, p < 0.001). Patients with psychosis had longer stays (RR = 1.18, p < 0.001), higher costs (RR = 1.02, p = 0.002), and lower mortality (OR = 0.61, p < 0.001). Patients with other neurological comorbidities had higher mortality (OR = 1.23, p < 0.001), longer stays (RR = 1.29, p < 0.001), and higher costs (RR = 1.10, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Patients with a psychiatric disorder required longer care and incurred greater costs, whereas mortality was higher for only those with a neurological disorder. Identifying patients' psychiatric comorbidities at the time of admission for trauma may help optimize treatment. Addressing these conditions may help reduce the cost of trauma care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Brady
- Department of Surgery, 21928Ascension Saint John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - R David Hayward
- Department of Surgery, 21928Ascension Saint John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elango Edhayan
- Department of Surgery, 21928Ascension Saint John Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
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23
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Singh S, Singh SK. Psychological health and well-being in patients with sexually transmitted infections: A prospective cross-sectional study. Indian J Sex Transm Dis AIDS 2021; 42:125-131. [PMID: 34909616 PMCID: PMC8628108 DOI: 10.4103/ijstd.ijstd_77_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with sexually transmitted infections (STIs) suffer not only with the physical problems but also with various psychological problems. Majority of bacterial STIs are treatable in a short period, while viral STIs may persist for longer duration or have frequent recurrences. Aims and Objectives The aim of the study was To study different aspects of psychological health and well-being in patients with STIs. Materials and Methods Study design was a prospective cross-sectional hospital-based study. Data were collected during July 2016-April 2018. STIs were divided into four groups (genital herpes, genital warts, and genital discharge and syphilis). One way analysis of variance and Scheffe Test were used for analysis of the data. Results A total of 410 patients were included in the study. Majority of patients were suffering with genital herpes (139), followed by warts (104), discharge (92), and syphilis (75). Genital herpes and genital warts indicated significantly more cognitive affective (CA) depression as compared to the patients suffering with syphilis. Satisfaction with life was more with genital discharge and syphilis in comparison to the patients with genital warts and genital herpes. Genital herpes showed more perceived stress in comparison to genital discharge. Genital warts indicated more somatic depression as compared to syphilis and genital discharge patients while genital herpes showed more somatic depression than in patients suffering with genital discharge. Genital warts and genital herpes indicated significantly more overall depression as compared to the patients suffering with syphilis. Conclusion Overall depression was more in patients with genital herpes and warts. The findings provide empirical bases for extended studies on behavioral intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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24
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Hamilton OS, Cadar D, Steptoe A. Systemic inflammation and emotional responses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:626. [PMID: 34887380 PMCID: PMC8656139 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on population mental health is of global concern. Inflammatory processes are thought to contribute to mental ill-health, but their role in experiences of psychological distress during the pandemic has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that elevated inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity plasma C-reactive protein [CRP] and plasma fibrinogen) measured pre-pandemic would be positively predictive of increased depressive symptoms experienced during the pandemic. Data were analysed from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), with 3574 individuals aged >50 for CRP and 3314 for fibrinogen measured in waves 8 (2016/17) or 9 (2018/19). Depressive symptoms were measured with a short version of the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) pre-pandemic (2016-2019) and during the pandemic (June/July 2020). Participants with higher baseline CRP concentrations had 40% higher odds of developing depressive symptoms during the pandemic (ORadjusted = 1.40, 95% CI 1.12-1.73, p = 0.003) after full adjustment. Fibrinogen concentrations were also associated with depressive symptoms during the pandemic (ORadjusted = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.46, p = 0.019), but this association was no longer significant after controlling for lifestyle factors (smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical activity). In this large population study, systemic inflammation measured 1-3 years pre-pandemic was associated with greater depressed mood during the early months of the pandemic. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that higher levels of inflammation increase the vulnerability of older people to impaired mental health in the presence of the widespread stress of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odessa S. Hamilton
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dorina Cadar
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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25
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Carlton CN, Garcia KM, Sullivan-Toole H, Stanton K, McDonnell CG, Richey JA. From childhood maltreatment to adult inflammation: Evidence for the mediational status of social anxiety and low positive affect. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100366. [PMID: 34704081 PMCID: PMC8526764 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior work has established a robust association between childhood maltreatment and systemic inflammatory activation later in life; however, the mechanisms involved in this process remain incompletely understood. The purpose of this investigation was to examine potential mechanistic roles for social anxiety (SA) symptoms and low positive affect (PA) in the path from childhood maltreatment to elevations in circulating interleukin (IL)-6, a common biomarker of inflammatory activation. In addition, building on prior work establishing linkages between mindful awareness and reductions in systemic inflammation, we examined the potential role of trait mindfulness as a moderator of the relationships among childhood maltreatment, SA, low PA, and IL-6. A serial mediation model utilizing a large epidemiologic dataset (final N = 527) supported our central hypothesis that the direct effect of childhood maltreatment on IL-6 was fully serially statistically mediated by SA symptoms and low PA (but not high negative affect). Additionally, results indicated that individuals falling in the upper versus lower quartiles of SA symptoms demonstrated significantly elevated concentrations of IL-6, a finding that has not been previously reported. Trait mindfulness moderated the association between low PA and IL-6, to the exclusion of any paths related to negative affect. Additionally, results indicated that the effect of child maltreatment on IL-6 bypasses SA to indirectly impact IL-6 via negative affect. Overall, we conclude that childhood maltreatment and SA symptoms have a significant influence on IL-6, albeit indirectly via low PA, and the influence of PA on IL-6 may be uniquely susceptible to influence by individual differences in mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Holly Sullivan-Toole
- Virginia Tech, Department of Psychology, USA
- Temple University, Department of Psychology, USA
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26
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Jiang N, Li H, Chen C, Fu R, Zhang Y, Mei L. The emotional adaptation aftereffect discriminates between individuals with high and low levels of depressive symptoms. Cogn Emot 2021; 36:240-253. [PMID: 34775905 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.2002822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The adaptation aftereffect plays a critical role in human development and survival. Existing studies have found that, compared with general individuals, individuals with learning disability, autism and dyslexia show a smaller amount of non-affective-based cognitive adaptation aftereffect. Nevertheless, it is unclear whether individuals with depression or depression tendency show similar phenomenon in the adaptation aftereffect, and whether such depression tendency occurs in the non-affective-based cognitive or emotional adaptation aftereffect. To address this question, the present study conducted two experiments. Experiments 1A and 1B used the emotional facial expression adaptation paradigm to examine whether Chinese participants showed the emotional adaptation aftereffect and whether the emotional adaptation aftereffect was influenced by physical features of faces, respectively. Experiment 2 recruited two groups of participants, with high and low depression, respectively, to examine whether they showed differences in the emotional or cognitive adaptation aftereffect. Results showed that Chinese participants showed the typical emotional adaptation aftereffect, which was not influenced by physical features of faces. More importantly, compared to the low-depression group, the high-depression group showed a smaller emotional adaptation aftereffect, but the two groups showed a similar cognitive adaptation aftereffect. These results suggest that level of depressive symptoms is associated with the emotional adaptation aftereffect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiling Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansheng Chen
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ruilin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Mei
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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27
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Necho M, Tsehay M, Birkie M, Biset G, Tadesse E. Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2021; 67:892-906. [PMID: 33794717 DOI: 10.1177/00207640211003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic is a worldwide epidemic declared by the world health organization as a public health emergency of concern and consequently inducing huge mental health and psychological reactions. AIMS This study is aimed to summarize the existing data regarding anxiety, depression, and psychological distress during the covid-19 pandemic among the wider population so that effective intervention strategies will be initiated. METHODS Pieces of literature that assessed anxiety, depression, and psychological distress among the general population during the COVID pandemic period were systematically gathered. Data extraction in Microsoft excel was done by two independent reviewers using predefined criteria. The analysis was done using a stata-11 and random effect model. A sub-group and sensitivity analysis was done. Besides, the funnel plot and eggers publication bias test was tested. RESULTS Sixteen studies that assessed 78,225 participants were included. Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis for anxiety prevalence. The average prevalence of anxiety was found to be 38.12%. A sub-group analysis showed that anxiety was 33.33% in China and 47.70% in other countries (Italy, Turkey, and India). Anxiety prevalence in studies measured with the DASS-21 scale, GAD-7 scale, and other tools (SAS, HADS, and 5-point Likert scale) was 23.4%, 40.73%, and 44.47% respectively. The prevalence of anxiety in studies that assessed a sample size above 2,000 participants was 40.33%. The average prevalence of depression among included studies was 34.31% and a sub-group analysis showed that depression was higher in China (36.32%) than in other countries (28.3%). Moreover, six studies reported psychological distress and the average prevalence was 37.54%. CONCLUSION This study revealed that anxiety, depression, and psychological distress are potential public mental health problems of the global community that suggests the need for early recognition and initiation of interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogesie Necho
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mekonnen Tsehay
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Mengesha Birkie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Gebyaw Biset
- Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Erkihun Tadesse
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
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28
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Qiu Y, Wu Q, Chen R, Guan C. Research on psychological stress and mental health of medical staff in COVID-19 prevention and control. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2021; 65:102524. [PMID: 34458085 PMCID: PMC8379899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2021.102524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characteristics of COVID-19, such as the long incubation period, the fast transmission speed, the high demand for treatment, and the lack of prior treatment experience, have brought tremendous psychological stress to the medical staff involved in the epidemic prevention and control, seriously affecting the mental health of medical staff. Therefore, this paper conducts a discussion on the psychological stress and mental health of medical staff. METHODS (1)Interview 28 medical staff fighting against COVID-19 from Wuhan Central Hospital and Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese medicine. They have worked as doctors in mental health departments, surgery departments and emergency departments, nurses and management staffs; (2)Based on interviews and literature, the questionnaire survey is conducted among 528 medical personnel from all over the country who have participated in the fight against COVID-19 in Wuhan; (3)Use the structural equation modeling to explore the influence mechanism of medical staff's psychological stress and mental health in the prevention and control of COVID-19. Results: The epidemic severity in hospital and the work intensity are the important psychological stressors for the front-line medical staff. Self-risk perception has a mediating effect on the severity of epidemic in hospitals and mental health of medical staff. Social identification has no moderating effect between the self-risk perception and the mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinggui Qiu
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Wu
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Cuiling Guan
- School of Management, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430065, Hubei, China
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29
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Shen X, Yan S, Cao H, Feng J, Lei Z, Zhang W, Lv C, Gan Y. Current Status and Associated Factors of Depression and Anxiety Among the Chinese Residents During the Period of Low Transmission of COVID-19. Front Psychol 2021; 12:700376. [PMID: 34646194 PMCID: PMC8503548 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.700376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has contributed to depression and anxiety among the general population in China. The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of these psychological problems among Chinese adults during the period of low transmission, which could reflect the long-term depression and anxiety of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in China from 4 to 26 February 2021. Convenient sampling strategy was adopted to recruit participators. Participants were asked to filled out the questions that assessed questionnaire on the residents' depression and anxiety. Results: A total of 2,361 residents filled out the questionnaire. The mean age was 29.72 years (SD = 6.94) and majority of respondents were female (60.10%). Among the respondents, 421 (17.83%), 1470 (62.26%), and 470 (19.91%) were from eastern, central, and western China, respectively. 1704 (72.17%) consented COVID-19 information has been disclosed timely. 142 (6.01%) and 130 (5.51%) patients suffered from depression and anxiety symptoms. Furthermore, some influencing factors were found, including marital status, place of residence, employment status. Conclusion: This study revealed that anxiety and depression still are potential depression and anxiety for some residents, which suggested early recognition and initiation of interventions during the period of low transmission is still indispensable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shen
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiao Yan
- School of Public Health, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.,Key Laboratory of Emergency and Trauma of Ministry of Education, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Labor Economics and Management, Beijing Vocational College of Labour and Social Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Feng
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zihui Lei
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weixin Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanzhu Lv
- Emergency Medicine Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.,Research Unit of Island Emergency Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU013), Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yong Gan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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30
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Rapid changes of miRNAs-20, -30, -410, -515, -134, and -183 and telomerase with psychological activity: A one year study on the relaxation response and epistemological considerations. J Tradit Complement Med 2021; 11:409-418. [PMID: 34522635 PMCID: PMC8427477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Mental stress represents a pivotal factor in cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism by which stress produces its deleterious effects is still under study, but one of the most explored pathways is inflammation-aging and cell senescence. In this scenario, circulating microRNAs appear to be regulatory elements of the telomerase activity and alternative splicing within the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB) network. Anti-stress techniques appeared to be able to slow down the inflammatory and aging processes. As we recently verified, the practice of the relaxation response (RR) counteracted psychological stress and determined favorable changes of the NF-κB, p53, and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) gene expression and in neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, and inflammatory circulating microRNAs. We aimed to verify a possible change in the serum levels of six other micro-RNAs of cardiovascular interest, involved in cell senescence and in the NF-κB network (miRNAs -20, -30, -410, -515, -134, and -183), and tested the activity of telomerase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Experimental procedure We measured the aforementioned molecules in the serum of patients with ischemic heart disease (and healthy controls) immediately before and after a relaxation response session, three times (after the baseline), in one year of follow-up. Results According to our data, the miRNA-20 and -30 levels and PBMCs-telomerase activity increased during the RR while the -410 and -515 levels decreased. During the RR sessions, both miRNA-134 and -183 decreased. Conclusion The mediators considered in this exploratory work appeared to vary rapidly with the psychological activity (in particular when focused on relaxation techniques) showing that psychological activity should be part of the future research on epigenetics. Epistemological perspectives are also discussed.
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31
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Boullion GQ, Witcraft SM, Schadegg MJ, Perry MM, Dixon LJ. Emotion Regulation Difficulties and Depression Among Individuals With Dermatological and Body Dysmorphic Concerns. J Nerv Ment Dis 2021; 209:650-655. [PMID: 34009860 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Existing literature demonstrates strong links between emotion regulation (ER) difficulties and depression. Although high rates of depression are observed among individuals with body dysmorphic disorder and skin disease, little is known about these co-occurring syndromes. To advance our understanding of a vulnerable population, this study examined facets of ER difficulties in relation to depression among adults with skin disease symptoms and body dysmorphic concerns (N = 97). Participants were recruited online and completed self-report measures. The overall hierarchical regression model accounted for 61.6% of the variance in depression. After controlling for anxiety and stress, ER difficulties added 9.9% unique variance. In particular, limited access to ER strategies was the only ER dimension significantly associated with depression. This study integrates divergent literatures and suggests the important role of ER difficulties in depression in this unique sample, thereby highlighting directions for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Q Boullion
- Department of Psychology, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi
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32
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Beckner ME, Main L, Tait JL, Martin BJ, Conkright WR, Nindl BC. Circulating biomarkers associated with performance and resilience during military operational stress. Eur J Sport Sci 2021; 22:72-86. [PMID: 34346851 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2021.1962983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to military operational stress is a complex physiological response that calls upon the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and immune system, to create a delicate balance between anabolism and catabolism and meet the demands of an ever-changing environment. As such, resilience, the ability to withstand and overcome the negative impact of stress on military performance, is likely grounded in an appropriate biological adaptation to encountered stressors. Neuroendocrine [i.e. cortisol, epinephrine (EPI), norepinephrine (NE), neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and brain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF)], inflammatory [i.e. interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, IL-4, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α], as well as growth and anabolic [i.e. insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)] biomarkers independently and interactively function in stress adaptations that are associated with a soldier's physical and psychological performance. In this narrative review, we detail biomarkers across neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and growth stimulating domains to better elucidate the biological basis of a resilient soldier. The findings from the reviewed studies indicate that military readiness and resiliency may be enhanced through better homeostatic control, better regulated inflammatory responses, and balanced anabolic/catabolic processes. It is unlikely that one class of biomarkers is better for assessing physiological resilience. Therefore, a biomarker panel that can account for appropriate balance across these domains may be superior in developing monitoring frameworks. Real-time physiological monitoring to assess biomarkers associated with resilience will be possible pending more sophisticated technologies and provide a field-expedient application for early identification and intervention of at-risk soldiers to improve military resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan E Beckner
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center. Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Luana Main
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jamie L Tait
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Brian J Martin
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center. Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William R Conkright
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center. Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center. Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Lee S, Wickrama KKAS, Lee TK, O'Neal CW. Long-Term Physical Health Consequences of Financial and Marital Stress in Middle-Aged Couples. JOURNAL OF MARRIAGE AND THE FAMILY 2021; 83:1212-1226. [PMID: 34504382 PMCID: PMC8425299 DOI: 10.1111/jomf.12736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine psychological health as a mechanism linking economic pressure and marital instability in the early middle years to poor physical health in later life. BACKGROUND Although previous research suggests that sustained stressful marital experience may lead to mental and physical health problems, little is known about how contextual factors, such as economic pressure, impact marital outcomes, and how changes in marital attributes influence health outcomes in a longitudinal and dyadic context. METHOD Utilizing an actor-partner interdependence model within a latent growth curve approach and prospective data from couples in enduring marriages, we examined the associations between family economic pressure, marital instability, and mental health over their early middle years (1989-1994) and subsequent physical health in later adulthood (2015). Analyses assessed a couple-level pathway and an individual pathway involving within-spouse and between-spouse effects. RESULTS During the middle years, family financial difficulties were linked to reduced marital stability, which was associated with increased mental health challenges. The findings also reinforced the salient role of psychological distress for subsequent physical health outcomes as husbands' and wives' anxiety symptoms over their early middle years contributed to declines in their physical health outcomes in later adulthood. A partner effect was noted between husbands' anxiety and wives' physical health. CONCLUSION For couples, experiences of financial and marital stress in their early middle years can have long-lasting detrimental impacts on their physical health in later adulthood.
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Tanaka S, Yamamoto K, Hamajima C, Takahashi F, Endo K, Uyeno Y. Dietary Supplementation with Fermented Brassica rapa L. Stimulates Defecation Accompanying Change in Colonic Bacterial Community Structure. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13061847. [PMID: 34071486 PMCID: PMC8227684 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have elucidated that oral administration of Brassica rapa L. extract, known as Nozawana in Japan, alters immune responses and gut microbiota composition, increasing the numbers of butyrate-producing bacteria. Therefore, further investigation would help elucidate the mechanism attributable for the changes and health-promoting effects observed after B rapa L. extract ingestion. To reveal the modulation effects of fermented B. rapa L. on immune function and intestinal bacterial community structure, we conducted an intervention study with healthy volunteers followed by a mouse feeding study. The pilot intervention study was conducted for healthy volunteers aged 40–64 years under the hypothesis that the number of subjects exhibiting any change in gut microbiota in response to fermented B. rapa L. consumption may be limited. In total, 20 volunteers consumed 30 g of fermented B. rapa L. per day for 4 weeks. The fecal bacterial community composition of the volunteers was characterized using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism patterning followed by clustering analysis. To evaluate the detailed changes in the immune responses and the gut bacterial composition, assessed by high-throughput sequencing, we fed healthy mice with freeze-dried, fermented B. rapa L. for 2 weeks. The fecal bacterial community composition of the volunteers before the intervention was divided into three clades. Regardless of the clade, the defecation frequency significantly increased during the intervention weeks compared with that before the intervention. However, this clustering detected a specific increase of Prevotella in one cluster (low to zero Prevotella and high occupation of Clostridium at clusters IV and XIVa) post-ingestion. The cytokine production of spleen cells significantly increased due to feeding fermented B. rapa L. to the mice. This supplementary in vivo trial provided comparable results to the volunteer study regarding the effects of ingestion of the material given the compositional change complying with that of dietary fiber, particularly in the increase of genera Prevotella, Lachnospira, and genera in the Ruminococcaceae family, and the increase in daily defecation amount during 2 weeks of administration. We conclude that feeding fermented B. rapa L. may be responsible for the observed modulation in gut microbiota to increase fiber-degrading bacteria and butyrate-producing bacteria which may be relevant to the improvement in bowel function such as defecation frequency.
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Van Ryzin MJ, Roseth CJ. The Cascading Effects of Reducing Student Stress: Cooperative Learning as a Means to Reduce Emotional Problems and Promote Academic Engagement. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2021; 41:700-724. [PMID: 37621735 PMCID: PMC10448952 DOI: 10.1177/0272431620950474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents, particularly early adolescents, are vulnerable to stress created by negative peer interactions. Stress, in turn, can lead to increased mental health problems and reduced academic engagement, in addition to negative long-term consequences for cognitive development and physical health. Using four waves (2 years) of data from a cluster randomized trial (N = 15 middle schools, 1,890 students, 47.1% female, 75.2% White), we evaluated whether enhancements to peer relations, brought about through carefully structured small-group learning activities (i.e., cooperative learning), could reduce stress and emotional problems and promote academic engagement. We hypothesized that the increased social contact created by cooperative learning would promote greater peer relatedness, reducing student stress and, in turn, reducing emotional problems and promoting academic engagement. Our results confirmed these hypotheses. We conclude that cooperative learning can provide social, behavioral, academic, and mental health benefits for students.
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Reuille-Dupont S. Applications of somatic psychology: movement and body experience in the treatment of dissociative disorders. BODY MOVEMENT AND DANCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/17432979.2020.1844295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Scott SR, Manczak EM. Peripheral immune correlates of childhood and adolescent peer relationships: A systematic review. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:985-996. [PMID: 33748958 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this review was to comprehensively evaluate the literature investigating associations between peripheral immune correlates and youth peer relationship dimensions. We aimed to identify potential aspects of peer relationships in childhood and adolescence that may be associated with immune profiles and to identify gaps in the field to provide suggestions for future research in this area. We conducted a systematic electronic search in health-related databases from the earliest records to December 2020. Search terms included domains related to youth, immune correlates, and peers. We summarized studies by the time between the peer measurement and the immune outcome. In the 17 included studies, associations between peer dimensions and immune outcomes varied substantially. Peer victimization in youth demonstrated the most consistent negative associations with immune health across development, including within 1 week of measurement, 1-3 years later, and 10 or more years later. This review indicated that that peer relationships during youth may have important associations with immune processes; however, there are several gaps in the literature regarding the operationalization of peer relationships, the timing of the immune measurement, and the type of immune outcome to be addressed by future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika M Manczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, USA
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38
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Job Stress and Mental Well-Being among Working Men and Women in Europe: The Mediating Role of Social Support. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052494. [PMID: 33802439 PMCID: PMC7967617 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Job stress is one of the most common health issues in many organizations, particularly among women. Moreover, an increase in job stress with low social support may have an adverse effect on mental well-being. This study investigated the mediating role of social support in the relationship between job stress and mental well-being among working men and women in Europe. A cross sectional data set from the 2015 6th European Working Conditions Survey on 14,603 men and 15,486 women from 35 countries in Europe was analyzed. The study applied Hayes process macro 4 modelling technique to estimate the direct, indirect, and total effects of job stress on mental well-being among working adults. The study further used the Hayes process macro 59 model to estimate the gender difference in the mediating effect. The results showed that job stress had a direct negative effect on mental well-being among workers in Europe (β=−0.2352,p<0.05). However, there were significant gender differences in the relationship (β=−0.3729,p<0.05), with women having higher effect size than men (men: β=−3.9129,p<0.05 vs. women: β=−4.2858,p<0.05). Furthermore, the indirect effect showed that social support mediated the relationship of job stress on mental well-being (β=−0.0181, CI: −0.0212−0.0153). Nevertheless, the mediating effect of social support did not differ among men and women. This study provides evidence that job stress has a negative impact on mental well-being among working adults, and social support mediates this relationship. The results highlight the importance of the role of support from colleagues and supervisors at the work place, which may help reduce job stress, and improve mental well-being. Sociological and occupational health researchers should not ignore the role of gender when studying work environment and jobs in general.
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Tait JL, Bulmer S, Drain JR, Main LC. Associations between inflammatory markers and well-being during 12 weeks of basic military training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:849-860. [PMID: 33389139 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04554-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Stress, anxiety and physical exertion are all closely linked to well-being, and each can alter immune function. Diminished well-being has been observed during military training, however there is mixed evidence regarding whether concomitant changes in inflammatory markers occur, with these phenomena indicating potential maladaptive responses to imposed training loads. The aims of this project were (1) assess changes in inflammation and subjective well-being across a 12-week basic military training (BMT) program, and (2) evaluate relationships between circulating inflammatory markers and well-being. METHODS A total of 37 men and women undergoing 12 weeks of BMT in Australia were recruited. Well-being was assessed via questionnaire (DASS-21), and plasma samples were collected for the analysis of inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α] at weeks 1, 4, 8 and 12. Data were analysed using general linear mixed models. RESULTS Depression, anxiety and stress subscale scores all significantly improved (all P ≤ 0.001), and TNF-α decreased (P = 0.031) across time. Compared to baseline (week 1), significant decreases in associations between depression and IL-10, anxiety and IL-10, and stress and IL-10, IL-4 IL-6 and TNF-α (all P < 0.05), were detected across BMT. CONCLUSION The BMT program appears to support improved well-being over the 12 weeks, with minimal perturbation to inflammatory markers. Biomarkers and well-being displayed consistent associations and may have utility as psychophysiological indicators of health status in military research, however for now, subjective measures may represent more cost-effective proxies for ongoing monitoring of military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Tait
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Sean Bulmer
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jace R Drain
- Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, Australia
| | - Luana C Main
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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40
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Feng L, Romero-Garcia R, Suckling J, Tan J, Larbi A, Cheah I, Wong G, Tsakok M, Lanskey B, Lim D, Li J, Yang J, Goh B, Teck TGC, Ho A, Wang X, Yu JT, Zhang C, Tan C, Chua M, Li J, Totman JJ, Wong C, Loh M, Foo R, Tan CH, Goh LG, Mahendran R, Kennedy BK, Kua EH. Effects of choral singing versus health education on cognitive decline and aging: a randomized controlled trial. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:24798-24816. [PMID: 33346748 PMCID: PMC7803497 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a randomized controlled trial to examine choral singing’s effect on cognitive decline in aging. Older Singaporeans who were at high risk of future dementia were recruited: 47 were assigned to choral singing intervention (CSI) and 46 were assigned to health education program (HEP). Participants attended weekly one-hour choral singing or weekly one-hour health education for two years. Change in cognitive function was measured by a composite cognitive test score (CCTS) derived from raw scores of neuropsychological tests; biomarkers included brain magnetic resonance imaging, oxidative damage and immunosenescence. The average age of the participants were 70 years and 73/93 (78.5%) were female. The change of CCTS from baseline to 24 months was 0.05 among participants in the CSI group and -0.1 among participants in the HEP group. The between-group difference (0.15, p=0.042) became smaller (0.12, p=0.09) after adjusting for baseline CCTS. No between-group differences on biomarkers were observed. Our data support the role of choral singing in improving cognitive health in aging. The beneficial effect is at least comparable than that of health education in preventing cognitive decline in a community of elderly people. Biological mechanisms underlying the observed efficacy should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Jasmine Tan
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, UK
| | - Anis Larbi
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | - Irwin Cheah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Glenn Wong
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | | | - Bernard Lanskey
- Yong Siew Toh Conservatory of Music, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Darius Lim
- Darius Lim, Voices of Singapore Choral Society, Singapore
| | - Jialiang Li
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanna Yang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Goh
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Allan Ho
- NTUC Health Co-operative Limited, Singapore
| | - Xiu Wang
- Beijing Chui Yang Liu Hospital, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Crystal Tan
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | - Michelle Chua
- Biology of Aging Laboratory, Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore
| | - Junhua Li
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK
| | - John J Totman
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Caroline Wong
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marie Loh
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Roger Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health Systems, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chay Hoon Tan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Gan Goh
- Division of Family Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Academic Development Department, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Brian K Kennedy
- Centre for Healthy Longevity, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee-Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Stewart D, Caradec J, Ziegfeld S, Reynolds E, Ostrander R, Parrish C. Predictors and Correlates of Pediatric Postburn Pruritus in Preschool Children of Ages 0 to 4. J Burn Care Res 2020; 40:930-935. [PMID: 31304968 DOI: 10.1093/jbcr/irz125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Pruritus is a common problem following burn injuries; however, the literature to date has focused on adult survivors and/or pediatric survivors of large burns. The current study examines acute postburn pruritus in children under the age of 4 years (N = 256) with smaller burns (mean TBSA = 3.99%), which represents the most common type of patient typically treated in pediatric burn centers. Parents rated their child for pruritus, irritability, and sleep disturbances; additionally, parents completed a self-report of distress. Nearly half (47.3%) were rated by parents as displayed some level of pruritus, with the greatest proportion rated as mild. Regression analysis indicated that child minority status, greater burn TBSA, and more days elapsed since burn predicted higher levels of pruritus. In turn, pruritus was positively correlated with child irritability, delayed sleep onset, sleep disturbance, and parent distress. Thus, our results indicate that parent-rated pruritus in young pediatric burn patients is important to evaluate, as itch is significantly associated with other important clinical outcomes as early as the first month of the burn for pediatric patients and their parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jill Caradec
- Department of Psychology, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore
| | - Susan Ziegfeld
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elizabeth Reynolds
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rick Ostrander
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Carisa Parrish
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Davis KM, Engeland CG, Murdock KW. Ex vivo LPS-stimulated cytokine production is associated with cortisol curves in response to acute psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 121:104863. [PMID: 32950932 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Empirical and theoretical evidence suggest that because of the co-evolution of the endocrine and immune response systems, different types of stressors may lead to similar levels of physiological activation. The present analyses examined associations between two physiological stress responses: the cortisol response to an acute laboratory stressor and ex vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammatory cytokine production. METHODS Healthy middle-aged adults (N = 65) completed testing at two appointments, two weeks apart. Blood was collected at each appointment to measure circulating inflammatory cytokine levels and stimulated inflammatory cytokine production after 4 and 24 hours of incubation with LPS. A cumulative standardized composite measure of inflammation was calculated using the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). At visit two, after the blood draw, participants completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST); saliva samples were collected before and after to generate cortisol response curves (area under the curve with respect to ground [AUCG] and increase/decrease [AUCI]). RESULTS AUCG was significantly associated with stimulated cytokine production at visit 2 after both 4 hours (B = 6.89; p = 0.007) and 24 hours (B = 7.50; p = 0.005) of incubation, controlling for age, sex, and BMI. AUCI was also significantly associated with stimulated cytokine production at visit 2 after 4 hours (B = 6.28; p = 0.004) and 24 hours (B = 6.16; p = 0.007) of incubation, controlling for age, sex, and BMI. Stimulated inflammatory cytokine production was strongly correlated across the two visits (2 weeks apart) after 4 hours of incubation (r = 0.80, p < 0.001) and after 24 hours (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). Within each visit, stimulated cytokine production after 4 hours was significantly correlated with stimulated inflammation at 24 hours (r = 0.93-0.94, p < 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokine production and the cortisol response to the TSST contain comparable information about acute human physiological stress responses. Moreover, measurement of stimulated cytokines was highly stable across a two-week time period whether measured after 4 or 24 hours of incubation with LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin M Davis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States; College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, United States
| | - Kyle W Murdock
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, United States.
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Hamed MGM, Hagag RS. The possible immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in coronavirus disease patients. Med Hypotheses 2020; 144:110140. [PMID: 32768893 PMCID: PMC7382922 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
While researchers are struggling to develop a vaccine for coronavirus disease, it is important to evolve effective therapeutic strategies to save lives. The majority of coronavirus disease deaths are due to pneumonia. Mostly, stress and depression are associated with coronavirus disease infection and thus, resulting in weakening of patients' immune response and hence, more severe respiratory symptoms or even death. We propose using a class of antidepressants named selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for their reported potential antiviral effect, modulatory effect of respiratory symptoms, antioxidant properties and immunoregulatory effects beside their main action as antidepressant. In addition, the low cost of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors might add a benefit for coronavirus disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Radwa Samir Hagag
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Williams DR, Martin SR, Liu S, Rast P. Bayesian Multivariate Mixed-Effects Location Scale Modeling of Longitudinal Relations Among Affective Traits, States, and Physical Activity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020; 36:981-997. [PMID: 34764628 PMCID: PMC8580300 DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intensive longitudinal studies and experience sampling methods are becoming more common in psychology. While they provide a unique opportunity to ask novel questions about within-person processes relating to personality, there is a lack of methods specifically built to characterize the interplay between traits and states. We thus introduce a Bayesian multivariate mixed-effects location scale model (M-MELSM). The formulation can simultaneously model both personality traits (the location) and states (the scale) for multivariate data common to personality research. Variables can be included to predict either (or both) the traits and states, in addition to estimating random effects therein. This provides correlations between location and scale random effects, both across and within each outcome, which allows for characterizing relations between any number of personality traits and the corresponding states. We take a fully Bayesian approach, not only to make estimation possible, but also because it provides the necessary information for use in psychological applications such as hypothesis testing. To illustrate the model we use data from 194 individuals that provided daily ratings of negative and positive affect, as well as their physical activity in the form of step counts over 100 consecutive days. We describe the fitted model, where we emphasize, with visualization, the richness of information provided by the M-MELSM. We demonstrate Bayesian hypothesis testing for the correlations between the random effects. We conclude by discussing limitations of the MELSM in general and extensions to the M-MELSM specifically for personality research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen R Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Siwei Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Rast
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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45
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Boulazreg S, Rokach A. The Lonely, Isolating, and Alienating Implications of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E413. [PMID: 33092097 PMCID: PMC7711762 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This article provides a narrative review on myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) through a psychosocial lens and examines how this impairment affects its sufferers during adolescence and adulthood, as well as how it impacts family caregivers and healthcare professionals' mental health. Since there has been a lack of investigation in the literature, the primary psychosocial stressor that this review focuses on is loneliness. As such, and in an attempt to help establish a theoretical framework regarding how loneliness may impact ME/CFS, loneliness is comprehensively reviewed, and its relation to chronic illness is described. We conclude by discussing a variety of coping strategies that may be employed by ME/CFS individuals to address their loneliness. Future directions and ways with which the literature may investigate loneliness and ME/CFS are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Boulazreg
- Faculty of Education, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Ami Rokach
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
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46
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Abstract
Companion animals and pets can be helpful during the novel coronavirus-19 pandemic. Interactions with them and positive physical contact lead to a variety of physiological and psychological benefits. It also releases biochemicals which can further boost the immune system and enhance health and well-being. This perspective discusses the benefits of these interactions, the modes of interactions and the activities that can be used. It also highlights the individuals that should avoid this approach and the status of the animal’s health before engaging with them.
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47
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Pinna T, Edwards DJ. A Systematic Review of Associations Between Interoception, Vagal Tone, and Emotional Regulation: Potential Applications for Mental Health, Wellbeing, Psychological Flexibility, and Chronic Conditions. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1792. [PMID: 32849058 PMCID: PMC7419655 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Interoception and heart rate variability have been found to predict outcomes of mental health and well-being. However, these have usually been investigated independently of one another. Objectives: This systematic review aimed to explore a key gap in the current literature, that being, identifying whether HRV and interoception predict emotional regulation outcomes and strategies. Methods: The process of article retrieval and selection followed the PRISMA guidelines. Databases PsychINFO, Web of Science, PubMed, CINAHL, and MEDLINE were scanned for papers published. Preliminary inclusion and exclusion criteria were specified following the PICO framework, whilst the CHARMS framework was used to help formulate the research question, and critically assess for bias. Results: Two hundred and thirty-seven studies were identified after initial database searches. Of these, eight studies were included in the final selection. Six studies explored the associations between HRV and ER, whilst three investigated the associations between interoception and ER (one study included both). Results show that greater HRV and interoception are associated with better ER. Specifically, high parasympathetic activity largely predicted the use of adaptive ER strategies such as reappraisal, and better acceptance of emotions. High interoception, instead, was predictive of effective downregulation of negative emotions and handling of social uncertainty, there was no association with any specific ER strategy. Conclusions: Awareness of one's own bodily feelings and vagal activation seem to be of central importance for the effective regulation of emotional responses. However, one limitation is the small sample of studies found, thus more studies in this area are needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Pinna
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Darren J Edwards
- Department of Public Health, Policy and Social Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
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Cohen S. Psychosocial Vulnerabilities to Upper Respiratory Infectious Illness: Implications for Susceptibility to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2020; 16:161-174. [PMID: 32640177 PMCID: PMC7345443 DOI: 10.1177/1745691620942516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For 35 years, our laboratory has been involved in identifying psychosocial factors that predict who becomes ill when they are exposed to a virus affecting the upper respiratory tract. To pursue this question, we used a unique viral-challenge design in which we assessed behavioral, social, and psychological factors in healthy adults. We subsequently exposed these adults to a cold or influenza virus and then monitored them in quarantine for 5 to 6 days for onset of respiratory illness. Factors we found to be associated with greater risk of respiratory illnesses after virus exposure included smoking, ingesting an inadequate level of vitamin C, and chronic psychological stress. Those associated with decreased risk included social integration, social support, physical activity, adequate and efficient sleep, and moderate alcohol intake. We cautiously suggest that our findings could have implications for identifying who becomes ill when exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This argument is based on evidence that the associations we report are replicable across multiple respiratory viruses and that the pathways found to link psychosocial factors to colds and influenza may play similar roles in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University
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Wickrama KAS, Klopack ET, O’Neal CW, Neppl T. Patterning of midlife marital trajectories in enduring marriages in a dyadic context: Physical and mental health outcomes in later years. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND PERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS 2020; 37:1472-1493. [PMID: 34504386 PMCID: PMC8425265 DOI: 10.1177/0265407519899726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The current study, using prospective data over 25 years (1991-2015; N = 245 couples), investigates life course dyadic patterns of positive and negative marital trajectories (i.e., marital strength and strain, respectively) in middle-aged husbands and wives and an array of physical and mental health outcomes associated with these patterns. Spousal warmth, spouse's constructive conflict resolution, and couple's joint participation were used as indicators of marital strength, whereas spousal hostility, spouse's destructive conflict resolution, and marital instability were used as indicators of marital strain. Four dyadic latent classes with heterogeneous trajectory patterns were identified using husbands' and wives' concurrent strength and strain marital trajectories (1991-2001), including a couple stable and moderately favorable group, a couple stable and highly favorable group, a couple stable and husband more favorable than wife group, and a husband improving with wife slightly worsening group. The best health outcomes in 2015 were generally reported by members of the couple stable and highly favorable group, whereas the worst health outcomes were found, on average, for members of the husband improving with wife slightly worsening group. Based on these findings, interventions should promote and develop resiliency factors, thereby aiding in the redirection or improvement of middle-aged spouses' marital trajectories, which can reduce detrimental positive-negative imbalances in marital strength and strain.
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Cvitanović H, Milošević M, Bukvić-Bešlić I, Lugović-Mihić L. Determination of Psychological Stress, Serum Immune Parameters, and Cortisol Levels in Patients With Human Papilloma Virus. Clin Ther 2020; 42:783-799. [PMID: 32340917 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Because the results of studies investigating the relation between human papilloma virus (HPV) infection and the effects of psychological stress are inconsistent, this study was conducted to expand on previous research by analyzing patient stress levels, serum immune parameters, and cortisol levels in patients with clinical HPV manifestations. It also looked for differences in clinical manifestations of HPV depending on patient level of experienced stress. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 213 subjects (94 women and 119 men aged ≥18 years; average age, 41 years) with clinical manifestations of HPV infection (165 subjects with extragenital manifestations and 48 with genital manifestations) who were treated at the Department of Dermatovenerology, Karlovac General Hospital, from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2015. Psychological, neurohormonal and immune parameters (serum values of leukocytes, alpha2-globulins, beta-globulins, albumins, and proteins), and serum cortisol levels were analyzed. Questionnaires were used to determine patients' perception of stress: the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Brief Cope Test. One group of subjects had confirmed stressful experiences, defined by the Recent Life Changes Questionnaire as a period of 1 year with at least 500 life change units; the control group included patients with no significant stressful experiences. FINDINGS Patients with confirmed significant stress experience had a statistically significant higher degree of perception of stress. There were no statistically significant differences in terms of the impact of stress on clinical HPV manifestations (genital and extragenital), sex, lesional duration, or recurrence. In patients with significant stress experience, significantly higher values of leukocytes (6.68 × 109/L), alpha2-globulins (6.85 g/L), and beta-globulins (7.33 g/L) were observed. Adaptive coping and a lower perception of stress significantly reduced the chances of having extragenital manifestations by 2.63 times. A higher perception of stress significantly increased the likelihood of genital manifestations. IMPLICATIONS Although this study found that stress increased the values of leukocytes, alpha2-globulins, and beta-globulins, no evidence was found that it affected clinical manifestations of HPV infection. The redundancy of the immune system could account for this finding. This study is among the first to investigate the correlation between psychological, neurohormonal, and immune indicators of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrvoje Cvitanović
- Department of Dermatovenerology, Karlovac General Hospital, Karlovac, Croatia
| | - Milan Milošević
- University of Zagreb, School of Medicine, Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Department for Environmental Health, Occupational and Sports Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Iva Bukvić-Bešlić
- Clinical Department of Dermatovenerology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Liborija Lugović-Mihić
- Clinical Department of Dermatovenerology, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia.
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