1
|
Gautam N, Rahman MM, Khanam R. Adverse childhood experiences and externalizing, internalizing, and prosocial behaviors in children and adolescents: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2024; 363:124-133. [PMID: 39043305 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have a profound impact on individuals, shaping their long-term health and life opportunities. This study delves into the complex ties between ACEs and the socioemotional development of Australian children and youth by examining the relationships between adverse childhood experiences and externalizing, internalizing, and prosocial behaviors. METHODS This study utilized data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children and employed the generalized estimating equation method to investigate the relationships between adverse childhood experiences and externalizing, internalizing, and prosocial behaviors in Australian children and adolescents. RESULTS Adverse childhood experiences such as physical punishment, hostile parenting, parental conflicts, separation, financial strain, and parental mental health issues increased the risk of externalizing and internalizing behaviors while reducing prosocial behaviors. The risk increases with the number of ACEs, as evidenced by the incidence ratio (IR); for example, for externalizing behaviors, an ACEs score of one leads to IR = 1.69, while an ACEs score of 4 results in IR = 3.34. Similar trends were observed for internalizing and prosocial behaviors. LIMITATIONS The presence of imbalanced longitudinal data, arising from variations in the number of observations across different time points, challenges robust inferences. Furthermore, this study investigates the relationship between ACEs and behavioral problems, without establishing causality. Consequently, the results should be interpreted with caution. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study highlight that adverse childhood experiences significantly influence behavioral outcomes in children and adolescents. These findings underscore the critical need for early detection and intervention to mitigate the consequences of traumatic childhood experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nirmal Gautam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; The Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; The Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rasheda Khanam
- School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia; The Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schweitzer S, Sonnentag TL. Role of the Sibling Relationship to Reduce the Negative Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) on Wellbeing in Adulthood. J Genet Psychol 2024; 185:256-271. [PMID: 38059321 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2023.2284900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, public health research has demonstrated that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are associated with significant and prolonged physical and mental health problems, demanding investigation into the factors that may mitigate the poor outcomes. One potential factor that may attenuate the negative impact of ACEs on individuals' health is social support. An important source of social support, both during and after adverse childhood experiences, is sibling relationships. Consequently, the purpose of the current study was to examine if two components of sibling relationships-perceived warmth and conflict-affect the relationship between ACEs and wellbeing in adulthood. A total of 439 participants (Mage = 35.06, SD = 11.19) completed self-report measures of their ACEs, their perceived warmth and conflict with a living sibling, and their wellbeing. Results revealed that sibling relationships characterized by higher perceived warmth-and, interestingly, higher perceived conflict-attenuated the negative impact of ACEs on wellbeing in adulthood. Findings from the current study provide valuable information about how psychologist, social workers, and other health professionals may use siblings as a source of social support to mitigate the negative effects of ACEs on wellbeing in adulthood.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sheinbaum T, Gizdic A, Kwapil TR, Barrantes-Vidal N. A longitudinal study of the impact of childhood adversity dimensions on social and psychological factors and symptoms of psychosis, depression, and anxiety. Schizophr Res 2024; 270:102-110. [PMID: 38889654 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The present study examined three empirically-derived childhood adversity dimensions as predictors of social, psychological, and symptom outcomes across three prospective assessments of a young adult sample. Participants were assessed five times over eight years with semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. The analyses used the dimensions underlying multiple subscales from well-established childhood adversity measures administered at the first two assessment waves (described in a previous report). Outcome data pertain to the last three assessment waves, with sample sizes ranging from 89 to 169. As hypothesized, the childhood adversity dimensions demonstrated overlapping and differential longitudinal associations with the outcomes. Deprivation predicted the negative (deficit-like) dimension of psychosis, while Threat and Intrafamilial Adversity predicted the positive (psychotic-like) dimension. Depression and anxiety symptoms were predicted by different childhood adversity dimensions over time. Furthermore, Threat predicted a smaller and less diverse social network, Intrafamilial Adversity predicted anxious attachment, and Deprivation predicted a smaller social network, anxious and avoidant attachment, perceived social support, and loneliness. The three adversity dimensions combined accounted for moderate to large proportions of variance in several outcomes. These results extend prior work by identifying associations of three meaningful dimensions of childhood adversity with different risk profiles across psychological, social, and psychopathological domains. The findings enhance our understanding of the impact of childhood adversity across young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Sheinbaum
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alena Gizdic
- Departament de Psicología Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicología Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shen X, Zhou X, Guo Y, Wang JL. Associations of Early-Life Deprivation and Threat with Exploratory Behavior: Moderated Mediation Models of Sensation Seeking and Executive Function. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241257946. [PMID: 38842249 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241257946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Exploratory behavior, as a crucial aspect of decision-making, plays an indispensable role in maximizing long-term benefits and is, therefore, essential in promoting adolescents' psychological well-being and social adaptation. Recent studies have shown that this adaptive behavior is influenced by previous early experiences. However, little was known about the associations between specific types of childhood maltreatment and exploratory behavior and the roles of individual motivational and cognitive factors in these relationships. The present study aimed to examine whether the subtypes of maltreatment, that is, threat and deprivation, would influence adolescents' exploratory behavior, the mediating role of sensation seeking, and the moderating role of executive function. Using a sample of 720 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 13.29, SDage = 0.82, 54.8% female), we found that sensation seeking fully mediated the relationship between threat and exploratory behavior. That is, adolescents who experienced threat were more likely to increase sensation seeking, which further promote exploratory activities. Moreover, executive function was a second-stage moderator of this full mediation pathway, with the mediating effect of sensation seeking between threat and exploratory behavior increasing with the enhancement of executive function. However, we did not observe the mediating effect of sensation seeking and the second-stage moderating effect of executive function on the relationship between deprivation and exploration. Considering the distinct impact mechanisms of threat and deprivation on exploratory behavior, our study provides empirical support for the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, and highlights the critical role of sensation seeking and the necessity of implementing executive function interventions for those experiencing threat experiences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Shen
- Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Thulin EJ, Kusunoki Y, Kernsmith PD, Smith-Darden JP, Grogan-Kaylor A, Zimmerman M, Heinze JE. Longitudinal Effects of Electronic Dating Violence on Depressive Symptoms and Delinquent Behaviors Across Adolescence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2526-2551. [PMID: 38158747 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231221281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors that emerge during adolescence pose both short- and long-term negative outcomes. Though there is growing evidence that exposure to teen dating violence is also associated with a greater likelihood of depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors such as engaging in peer violence and substance use, less is known about the effects of specific forms of electronic dating violence (i.e., electronic harassment, electronic coercion, and electronic monitoring) across adolescence on depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors. Data were drawn from a 4-year prospective longitudinal study of two cohorts of youth followed from age 12 to 15 (n = 526, 52% female) and age 15 to 18 (n = 592, 53% female). Two mixed-effects models (stratified by cohort) were employed to evaluate depressive symptoms and delinquent behavior outcomes by exposure to electronic harassment, electronic coercion, and electronic monitoring, while accounting for verbal dating violence, physical dating violence, sexual dating violence, exposure to threat-based adverse childhood experiences, exposure to deprivation-based adverse childhood experiences, and gender across all four waves of data collection. Higher exposure to electronic sexual coercion was predictive of increased depression (β = .015, p = .018). Increased exposure to electronic sexual coercion (β = .007, p = .004) and electronic monitoring (β = .008, p = .045) were both predictive of more delinquency across adolescence. By delineating the effects of in-person verbal, physical, and sexual dating violence with unique electronic domains, we found unique additional risk from domains of electronic dating violence, which was particularly pronounced for youth who reported electronic sexual coercion. Electronic sexual coercion heightens the risk of depressive symptoms and delinquent behaviors in males and females beyond the risk presented by in-person forms of dating violence and should be accounted for in prevention and intervention programs. Future research should explore the effect of perceived normativity on the prevalence of electronic harassment and subsequent influence on outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elyse Joan Thulin
- Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Marc Zimmerman
- Psychiatry, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Firearm Injury Prevention, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee AH, Kitagawa Y, Mirhashem R, Rodriguez M, Hilerio R, Bernard K. Do dimensions of childhood adversity differ in their direct associations with youth psychopathology? A meta-analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-31. [PMID: 38584264 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports the unique pathways by which threat and deprivation, two core dimensions of adversity, confer risk for youth psychopathology. However, the extent to which these dimensions differ in their direct associations with youth psychopathology remains unclear. The primary aim of this preregistered meta-analysis was to synthesize the associations between threat, deprivation, internalizing, externalizing, and trauma-specific psychopathology. Because threat is proposed to be directly linked with socioemotional development, we hypothesized that the magnitude of associations between threat and psychopathology would be larger than those with deprivation. We conducted a search for peer-reviewed articles in English using PubMed and PsycINFO databases through August 2022. Studies that assessed both threat and deprivation and used previously validated measures of youth psychopathology were included. One hundred and twenty-seven articles were included in the synthesis (N = 163,767). Results of our three-level meta-analyses indicated that adversity dimension significantly moderated the associations between adversity and psychopathology, such that the magnitude of effects for threat (r's = .21-26) were consistently larger than those for deprivation (r's = .16-.19). These differences were more pronounced when accounting for the threat-deprivation correlation. Additional significant moderators included emotional abuse and youth self-report of adversity. Findings are consistent with the Dimensional Model of Adversity and Psychopathology, with clinical, research, and policy implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Hyoeun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | | | - Rebecca Mirhashem
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Micaela Rodriguez
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Romola Hilerio
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA
| | - Kristin Bernard
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Viswanathan P, Kishore MT, Seshadri SP, V S B. Individual and environmental factors in internalizing disorders in children and adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 29:424-438. [PMID: 37233024 DOI: 10.1177/13591045231177367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Literature has emphasized the role of biopsychosocial factors in internalizing disorders; however, the role of developmental competencies of a child have not been explored much in this context. The current study aimed to understand the differences in developmental competencies, temperament, parenting practices and psychosocial adversities between children with and without internalizing disorders. METHOD The sample consisted of 200 children and adolescents aged seven to 18 years, with equal number of those with and without an internalizing disorder; and one of their parents. Psychopathology, temperament, interpersonal competence, emotion regulation, executive function, self-concept, adaptive behaviour, parenting practices, life events, family environment and abnormal psychosocial situations were measured using standardized tools. FINDINGS Discriminant analysis revealed that temperamental domains of sociability and rhythmicity, developmental competencies of adaptive behaviour and self-concept, parenting practices involving father's involvement and overall positive parenting differentiated the clinical and control groups better. Among psychosocial adversities, family environment domains of cohesion and organization, and subjective stress from life events and abnormal psychosocial situations were the most important discriminators. CONCLUSION The current study reveals that specific individual factors involving temperament and developmental competencies and environmental factors involving parenting practices and psychosocial adversities are significantly associated with internalizing disorders. This has implications for the mental health care of children and adolescents with internalizing disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Poornima Viswanathan
- Jindal School of Psychology and Counselling, O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat, India
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - M Thomas Kishore
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, India
| | - Shekhar P Seshadri
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| | - Binu V S
- Department of Biostatistics, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hamel C, Rodrigue C, Clermont C, Hébert M, Paquette L, Dion J. Alexithymia as a mediator of the associations between child maltreatment and internalizing and externalizing behaviors in adolescence. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6359. [PMID: 38493260 PMCID: PMC10944459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Child maltreatment is a global concern that profoundly affects individuals throughout their lives. This study investigated the relationships between various forms of child maltreatment and behavior problems involving internalization and externalization during adolescence. Data obtained from a diverse sample of 1802 Canadians aged 14-18 years was used to examine the mediating role of alexithymia-a difficulty in recognizing and expressing emotions-in these associations. Results indicated that adolescents who experienced sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) in their childhood exhibited higher levels of alexithymia, which was correlated with elevated levels of both internalizing and externalizing problems. Physical abuse and parental neglect were only associated with externalizing problems. Gender differences also emerged, with gender-diverse adolescents reporting a higher prevalence of maltreatment, alexithymia, and behavior problems compared with their peers. However, alexithymia's mediating role was consistent across genders. Overall, this study highlights the intricate relationships between child maltreatment, alexithymia, and adolescent behavior problems. The findings of this study how different forms of child maltreatment significantly shape behavioral outcomes and indicate the importance of interventions in enhancing emotional awareness and expression in adolescents with a childhood history of maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Hamel
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada.
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada.
| | - Christopher Rodrigue
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Camille Clermont
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Martine Hébert
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- Département de Sexologie, Université du Québec À Montréal, Montréal, H2L 4Y2, Canada
| | - Linda Paquette
- Département Des Sciences de La Santé, Université du Québec À Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - Jacinthe Dion
- Research Centre On Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse (CRIPCAS), Université de Montréal, Montréal, H2V 2S9, Canada
- Département de Psychologie, Université du Québec À Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pinto-Cortez C, Peñaloza-Díaz G, Martínez N, Díaz S, Valdovino N, Zavala M, Muzatto-Negrón P, Zapata-Sepúlveda P. Adverse childhood experiences and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile: the moderating role of the attachment style. PSICOLOGIA-REFLEXAO E CRITICA 2023; 36:37. [PMID: 38015372 PMCID: PMC10684444 DOI: 10.1186/s41155-023-00273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the underlying mechanisms through which adverse childhood experiences affect (ACEs) the mental health of adolescents is of paramount importance for disease prevention in later stages of life. OBJECTIVE The present study examines the relationship between ACEs and psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile and how attachment style (abandonment anxiety and intimacy avoidance) may moderate this relationship. A total of 154 schooled adolescents aged 12 to 17 (M = 15.08, SD = 1.64) completed a series of self-report questionnaires including the Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (ACEs), Experiences in Close Relationships- Relationship Structures (ECR-RS), and Youth Self Report (YSR-18). RESULTS The data analysis was carried out using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive analysis, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman correlation analysis. To address moderation analysis, the PROCESS macro extension version 4.1 was employed. In this process, the bootstrap method was applied to construct confidence intervals, and the pick-a-point approach was used to define the levels of the moderating variable. According to the results, 80.3% of the sample experienced one or more ACEs, and 16.4% reported experiencing at least three. Furthermore, the variables under study exhibited significant correlations with each other, except for intimacy avoidance, which showed no correlation with ACEs (rho = -0.10; p = 0.273). When considering abandonment anxiety as a moderating variable, the direct effect of ACEs on externalizing symptoms showed statistically significant changes (β = 0.60, p = 0.03). No other moderating effects were found according to the proposed models. CONCLUSION In childhood, the accumulation of ACEs is associated with the development of psychopathology in adolescents from northern Chile, specifically with the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that lower levels of abandonment anxiety could mitigate the effects of ACEs on adolescent psychopathology, while higher levels of abandonment anxiety could exacerbate these effects on psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabriel Peñaloza-Díaz
- Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica, Chile.
- Programa de Doctorado en Psicología, Universidad de Tarapacá, Universidad Católica del Norte, Arica, Chile.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fava NM, Meldrum RC, Villar MG, Zucker RA, Trucco EM. Adverse childhood experiences, sleep problems, low self-control, and adolescent delinquency: A longitudinal serial mediation analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1868-1877. [PMID: 35678388 PMCID: PMC9732146 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Several studies link adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) to delinquency. Yet, developmental sequalae accounting for this association remain unclear, with previous research limited by cross-sectional research designs and investigations of singular mediating processes. To redress these shortcomings, this study examines the longitudinal association between ACEs and delinquency as mediated by both sleep problems and low self-control, two factors which past research implicates as potentially important for understanding how ACEs contribute to antisocial behavior. Data collected from 480 adolescents (71.3% boys; 86.3% White) and their parents participating in the Michigan Longitudinal Study was used to conduct a serial mediation analysis. The association between ACEs (prior to age 11) and delinquency in late adolescence was found to operate indirectly via sleep problems in early adolescence and low self-control in middle adolescence. Nonetheless, a direct association between ACEs and later delinquency remained. Pathways through which ACEs contribute to later delinquency are complex and multiply determined. Findings indicate that early behavioral interventions, including improving sleep and self-control, could reduce later delinquency. Still, more research is needed to identify additional avenues through which the ACEs-delinquency association unfolds across development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Fava
- Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ryan C Meldrum
- Criminology and Criminal Justice, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michelle G Villar
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert A Zucker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Elisa M Trucco
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim AW, Rieder AD, Cooper-Vince CE, Kakuhikire B, Baguma C, Satinsky EN, Perkins JM, Kiconco A, Namara EB, Rasmussen JD, Ashaba S, Bangsberg DR, Tsai AC, Puffer ES. Maternal adverse childhood experiences, child mental health, and the mediating effect of maternal depression: A cross-sectional, population-based study in rural, southwestern Uganda. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:19-31. [PMID: 37212482 PMCID: PMC10524293 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the intergenerational effects of maternal adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and child mental health outcomes in rural Uganda, as well as the potentially mediating role of maternal depression in this pathway. Additionally, we sought to test the extent to which maternal social group membership attenuated the mediating effect of maternal depression on child mental health. METHODS Data come from a population-based cohort of families living in the Nyakabare Parish, a rural district in southwestern Uganda. Between 2016 and 2018, mothers completed surveys about childhood adversity, depressive symptoms, social group membership, and their children's mental health. Survey data were analyzed using causal mediation and moderated-mediation analysis. RESULTS Among 218 mother-child pairs, 61 mothers (28%) and 47 children (22%) showed symptoms meeting cutoffs for clinically significant psychological distress. In multivariable linear regression models, maternal ACEs had a statistically significant association with severity of child conduct problems, peer problems, and total child difficulty scores. Maternal depression mediated the relationship between maternal ACEs and conduct problems, peer problems, and total difficulty, but this mediating effect was not moderated by maternal group membership. CONCLUSIONS Maternal depression may act as a potential mechanism linking maternal childhood adversity with poor child mental health in the next generation. Within a context of elevated rates of psychiatric morbidity, high prevalence of childhood adversity, and limited healthcare and economic infrastructures across Uganda, these results emphasize the prioritization of social services and mental health resources for rural Ugandan families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Wooyoung Kim
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amber D Rieder
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Baguma
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Emily N Satinsky
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jessica M Perkins
- Peabody College, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Global Health, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Allen Kiconco
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | | | | | | | - David R Bangsberg
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Oregon Health and Science University - Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Alexander C Tsai
- Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eve S Puffer
- Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Perry KJ, Mutignani LM, Gissandaner TD, Penner F, Santos R, Sarver DE. Testing an integrated dimensional model of adverse childhood experiences: Associations with COVID-19 outcomes. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 143:106239. [PMID: 37244078 PMCID: PMC10176107 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a salient risk factor for a myriad of negative outcomes. Extant theoretical and empirical models traditionally quantify the impact of ACEs using cumulative representations. Recent conceptualizations challenge this framework and theorize that the types of ACEs children are exposed to differentially impacts their future functioning. OBJECTIVE The current study tested an integrated ACEs model using parent-report of child ACEs across four aims: (1) characterize heterogeneity in child ACEs using a latent class analysis (LCA); (2) examine mean level class differences in COVID specific and COVID non-specific environmental factors (i.e., COVID impact, ineffective parenting, effective parenting) and internalizing and externalizing problems during the COVID pandemic; (3) test interactions between COVID impact and ACEs classes in predicting outcomes, and (4) compare a cumulative risk approach to a class membership approach. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A nationally representative sample of U.S. parents (N = 796; 51.8 % fathers, M age = 38.87 years, 60.3 % Non-Hispanic White) completed a cross-sectional survey about themselves and one child (5-16 years old) between February-April 2021. METHOD Measures of child's ACEs history, COVID impact, effective and ineffective parenting, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems were completed by parents. RESULTS A LCA demonstrated three distinct classes of ACEs reflecting low-risk, trauma-risk, and environmental-risk classes. In general, the trauma-risk class had more negative COVID-19 outcomes than the other classes (small to large effect sizes). CONCLUSIONS The classes differentially related to outcomes, providing support for dimensions of ACEs and emphasizing the distinct types of ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Perry
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, 314 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America.
| | - Lauren M Mutignani
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, 300 Crittenden Blvd., Rochester, NY 14642, United States of America
| | - Tre D Gissandaner
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Dr, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
| | - Francesca Penner
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, 230 S Frontage Rd, New Haven, CT 06519, United States of America
| | - Roberto Santos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, John D. Bower School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America
| | - Dustin E Sarver
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 2500 N. State St., Jackson, MS 39216, United States of America; Center for the Advancement of Youth, University of Mississippi Medical Center, 4400 Old, Canton Rd, Jackson, MS 39211, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Evans CM, Simms LJ. Do self and interpersonal dysfunction cross-sectionally mediate the association between adverse childhood experiences and personality pathology? Personal Ment Health 2023; 17:259-271. [PMID: 37395060 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Two primary limitations of research on the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and personality disorder (PD) are (1) failure to consider mechanisms of association and (2) inconsistent results due, in part, to inconsistent approaches to quantifying ACE exposure. The current study will address these limitations by examining the cross-sectional mediating role of self- and interpersonal dysfunction on the association between ACE and three PDs (antisocial, schizotypal, and borderline) using three quantifications of ACE exposure (cumulative, individual, and unique risk). Participants were 149 current or recent psychiatric patients, and data analyses were performed through estimation of a series of cross-sectional mediation models. Taken together, results suggest that (1) the association between ACE and PD is moderate, (2) self- and interpersonal dysfunction cross-sectionally mediate this association, (3) after accounting for variance shared among ACEs, associations between specific ACE subtypes and PD were negligible, (4) much of the association between ACE and PD is accounted for by general processes impacted by all forms of ACE and implicated in all forms of PD, and (5) emotional neglect may uniquely contribute to self- and interpersonal dysfunction and thereby, PD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe M Evans
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Leonard J Simms
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Brown S, Tezanos KM, Nugent NR. Childhood Maltreatment, Executive Function, and Suicide Attempts in Adolescents. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2023:10775595231182047. [PMID: 37279026 DOI: 10.1177/10775595231182047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that child maltreatment is a risk factor for adolescent suicidal behavior. However, the differential influence of distinct forms of child maltreatment on adolescent suicide attempts is understudied and the factors that might exacerbate or ameliorate these associations warrant attention. We examined the associations between two distinct forms of child maltreatment (threat and deprivation) and suicide attempt history, and investigated whether executive function domains moderated these associations. Participants were 119 adolescents (M = 15.24, SD = 1.46, 72.3% female) recruited from an inpatient psychiatric hospital during hospitalization for suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Results indicated that the executive function domains of initiation, shifting, and planning/organization moderated the associations between threat and suicide attempt history. Associations between threat and suicide attempt history were significant only when initiation and shifting T-scores were lower (OR = 1.22, p = .03 and OR = 1.32, p = .01, respectively). The association between threat and suicide attempt history trended toward significance when planning/organization T-scores were lower (OR = 1.15, p = .10). None of the executive function domains moderated the link between deprivation and suicide attempt history. Findings highlight the need for research investigating whether initiation, shifting, and planning/organization might be amendable to intervention in the context of threat-related child maltreatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaquanna Brown
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Behavioral and Preventive Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katherine M Tezanos
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nicole R Nugent
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Giampetruzzi E, Tan AC, LoPilato A, Kitay B, Posse PR, McDonald WM, Hermida AP, Crowell A, Hershenberg R. The impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult depression severity and treatment outcomes. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:233-239. [PMID: 37086798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Past research has established that adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are correlated with depression severity. The purpose of the present study was to examine how the number and nature of ACE exposure is associated with symptomatology and treatment outcomes in adult patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). METHODS Participants include 454 patients with a diagnosis of major depression or persistent depressive disorder. A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess whether number of ACEs was associated with certain outcomes. Linear regression analyses were performed to model the associations between the five ACE subtypes (e.g., sexual abuse, physical violence, injury/illness, childhood grief, and parental upheaval) and symptom severity. Logistic regression analyses were then used to model the association between ACE subtypes and history of lifetime suicide attempt(s) and inpatient admission(s). RESULTS Greater ACE exposure was associated with more severe symptomatology and treatment outcomes, but these differences were only seen between patients reporting no ACEs versus 3+ ACEs. Only the subtypes of violence and illness/injury were significant predictors of more severe symptomatology. The ACE subtypes of sexual trauma and violence uniquely predicted a lifetime suicide attempt(s), and only the subtype of sexual trauma predicted lifetime inpatient admission(s). LIMITATIONS Limitations of the present study include retrospective adult assessments of childhood trauma, lack of data on ACE severity and timing, and the cross-sectional reporting of multiple study measures. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to multiple ACE subtypes, particularly sexual and physical trauma, is associated with depression symptom severity, and history of suicidality, and inpatient admission(s).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Giampetruzzi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America.
| | - Amanda C Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Allison LoPilato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Brandon Kitay
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Patricio Riva Posse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - William M McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Adriana P Hermida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Andrea Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| | - Rachel Hershenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sosnowski DW, Rojo-Wissar DM, Smail EJ, Musci RJ, Wilcox HC, Johnson SB. Expanding on Threat and Deprivation: Empirical Examination of Adversity Dimensions and Psychiatric Outcomes Among Emerging Adults. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2023; 11:431-443. [PMID: 36969950 PMCID: PMC10038124 DOI: 10.1177/21676968221114260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Dimensional models of adversity, whereby experiences lie along dimensions of threat and deprivation, are increasingly popular; however, their empirical validation is limited. In a sample of emerging adults (N=1,662; M age =20.72; 53% female; 72% Black), we conducted exploratory factor analyses using adversities derived from items probing family relationships and a validated assessment of traumatic events. Resulting factors were used to test associations with odds of lifetime diagnosis of a substance use disorder, other mental health disorders, and suicide attempt. Results supported a four-factor solution: threat (non-betrayal), emotional deprivation, sexual assault, and threat (betrayal). Threat (betrayal) summary scores were most strongly associated with increased odds of substance use and other disorders, whereas sexual assault was most strongly associated increased odds of lifetime suicide attempt. Findings provide some empirical support for categorizing adversity along dimensions of threat and deprivation. However, it also suggests the possibility of further divisions within these dimensions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David W Sosnowski
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | | | - Emily J Smail
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Holly C Wilcox
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
| | - Sara B Johnson
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xiao W, Xu H, Yu W, Li S, Li R, Jin Z, Tao F, Wan Y. Comparison of adverse childhood experience analytic approaches and associations with emotional and behavioral problems: A nationwide study among Chinese middle school students. J Affect Disord 2023; 325:755-761. [PMID: 36682695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are demonstrated to be strongly associated with many health related problems, which have aroused extensive public attention. But the variety of analytic approaches of ACEs has limited researchers to differentiate those approaches across the outcomes. METHODS A total of 22,686 middle school students were surveyed, and their ACEs and health related behaviors were collected. Four different analytic approaches were used to compare the effects of ACEs on four outcomes (non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, depression and anxiety symptoms). Logistic regression models were applied to verify the associations of adversities and four outcomes. R2 and the areas under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve were computed to compare the effects of four approaches. RESULTS It was suggested that four measures of ACEs were significantly associated with all the outcomes in both the unadjusted and adjusted models (Ps all <0.05). R2 and areas under ROC curve showed that the contributions of four analytical approaches to different outcomes were diverse in this study. ACEs were more impactive to girls than to boys. CONCLUSION ACEs are profound influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems among middle school students. The selection of analytic approaches of ACEs depends on the need of research, and our study contributes to the choice of suitable analytic methods for future research of ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Xiao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Huiqiong Xu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Weiqiang Yu
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Shuqin Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Ruoyu Li
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Zhengge Jin
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China.
| | - Yuhui Wan
- Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Anhui, China; Teaching Center for Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Langevin R, Kern A, Esposito T, Hélie S. Homotypical and Heterotypical Intergenerational Continuity of Child Maltreatment: Evidence from a Cohort of Families Involved with Child Protection Services. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4151. [PMID: 36901161 PMCID: PMC10002053 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Child maltreatment (CM) in one generation can predict CM in the next generation, a concept known as intergenerational continuity. Yet, the form taken by the intergenerational continuity of CM remains unclear and fathers are mostly absent from this literature. This longitudinal study aimed to document patterns of intergenerational continuity of substantiated CM, on the maternal and paternal sides, by examining the presence of: homotypical CM, which is the same type of CM in both generations; and heterotypical CM, which is different CM types in both generations. The study included all children substantiated for CM with the Centre Jeunesse de Montréal between 1 January 2003, and 31 December 2020, with at least one parent who was also reported to that agency during their childhood (n = 5861 children). The cohort was extracted using clinical administrative data, and logistic regression models were tested with the children's CM types as the dependent variables. Homotypical continuity was found for: (1) physical abuse on the paternal side; (2) sexual abuse on the maternal side; and (3) exposure to domestic violence on the maternal side. Heterotypical continuity was also prevalent, but to a lesser extent. Interventions helping maltreated parents overcome their traumatic past are essential to foster intergenerational resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Langevin
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 Rue McTavish, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Audrey Kern
- Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, 3700 Rue McTavish, Montréal, QC H3A 1Y2, Canada
| | - Tonino Esposito
- School of Social Work, Université de Montréal, 3150 Rue Jean-Brillant, Montréal, QC H3T 1N8, Canada
| | - Sonia Hélie
- Institut Universitaire Jeunes en Difficulté, CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montréal, 1001 Boulevard de Maisonneuve Est, Montréal, QC H2L 4P9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gizdic A, Sheinbaum T, Kwapil TR, Barrantes-Vidal N. Empirically-derived dimensions of childhood adversity and cumulative risk: associations with measures of depression, anxiety, and psychosis-spectrum psychopathology. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2222614. [PMID: 37377079 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2222614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Investigating different approaches to operationalizing childhood adversity and how they relate to transdiagnostic psychopathology is relevant to advance research on mechanistic processes and to inform intervention efforts. To our knowledge, previous studies have not used questionnaire and interview measures of childhood adversity to examine factor-analytic and cumulative-risk approaches in a complementary manner.Objective: The first aim of this study was to identify the dimensions underlying multiple subscales from three well-established childhood adversity measures (the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Interview, and the Interview for Traumatic Events in Childhood) and to create a cumulative risk index based on the resulting dimensions. The second aim of the study was to examine the childhood adversity dimensions and the cumulative risk index as predictors of measures of depression, anxiety, and psychosis-spectrum psychopathology.Method: Participants were 214 nonclinically ascertained young adults who were administered questionnaire and interview measures of depression, anxiety, psychosis-spectrum phenomena, and childhood adversity.Results: Four childhood adversity dimensions were identified that captured experiences in the domains of Intrafamilial Adversity, Deprivation, Threat, and Sexual Abuse. As hypothesized, the adversity dimensions demonstrated some specificity in their associations with psychopathology symptoms. Deprivation was uniquely associated with the negative symptom dimension of psychosis (negative schizotypy and schizoid symptoms), Intrafamilial Adversity with schizotypal symptoms, and Threat with depression, anxiety, and psychosis-spectrum symptoms. No associations were found with the Sexual Abuse dimension. Finally, the cumulative risk index was associated with all the outcome measures.Conclusions: The findings support the use of both the empirically-derived adversity dimensions and the cumulative risk index and suggest that these approaches may facilitate different research objectives. This study contributes to our understanding of the complexity of childhood adversity and its links to different expressions of psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gizdic
- Departament de Psicología Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tamara Sheinbaum
- Dirección de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Thomas R Kwapil
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Neus Barrantes-Vidal
- Departament de Psicología Clínica i de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Estrada S, Gee DG, Bozic I, Cinguina M, Joormann J, Baskin-Sommers A. Individual and environmental correlates of childhood maltreatment and exposure to community violence: Utilizing a latent profile and a multilevel meta-analytic approach. Psychol Med 2023; 53:189-205. [PMID: 34075862 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood maltreatment (CM) and exposure to community violence (ETV) are correlated with physical/mental health and psychosocial problems. Typically, CM and ETV are examined separately, by subtypes within category, or collapsed across both into one category of adversity. Consequently, research is limited in identifying subgroups of individuals with different amounts of exposure to both CM and ETV. Accordingly, we lack sufficient understanding of the extent to which problems associated with CM and ETV vary based on the amount (i.e. dose) of exposure to both of these experiences. METHODS We used 20 samples (28,300 individuals) to estimate person-centered profiles of CM and ETV occurrence and co-occurrence within each sample. An individual data multilevel meta-analytic framework was used to determine the average effect size across samples for different profiles and conditional probability correlations within sociodemographic, neighborhood, health, mental health, and psychosocial domains. RESULTS The profile characterized by high levels of CM and high levels of ETV correlated with stressful life events, depression and anxiety symptoms, and general indicators of externalizing behaviors. CM predominant profiles were associated with mental health diagnoses and treatment. ETV predominant profiles associated with risk-taking/violent behavior and neighborhood-level disadvantage. However, nuance based on the dose of CM or ETV was evident. CONCLUSIONS It is important to identify subgroups based on the amount of exposure to CM and ETV. These subgroups have differential relationships with correlates across domains. Greater delineation and description of the lived experience will allow for more precision in addressing the burden of childhood adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Estrada
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Dylan G Gee
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ivana Bozic
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Michelle Cinguina
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, 110 Inner Campus Drive, Austin, TX 78705, USA
| | - Jutta Joormann
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208205, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lopez-Tamayo R, Suarez L, Simpson D, Volpe K. The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Community Violence Exposure on a Sample of Anxious, Treatment-Seeking Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1081-1093. [PMID: 36439664 PMCID: PMC9684382 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can help prevent and reduce adverse outcomes on child development, including increased risk for anxiety disorders. Emerging studies strongly support the inclusion of community-level adversities in ACE screeners to consider diverse contexts and populations. Recent studies suggest that community violence exposure (CVE) may have a distinct impact on youth mental health. Although recent studies have examined the association between ACEs, CVE, and mental health in primary care settings, this association has not been examined on treatment-seeking children in urban mental health settings. The present study employs a mediation model using the PROCESS macro to examine community violence exposure mediating the effect on the association between ACEs and somatic symptoms (SS) on a sample of anxious treatment-seeking children. A total of 98 participants (Mage = 11.7, SD = 3.79, 51.6% males, 54.1% ethnic minority children) who sought services at a specialized anxiety clinic completed self-report measures. Results indicated that exposure to ACEs is associated with endorsement of somatic symptoms as a result of reporting hearing, witnessing, or experiencing CVE. Evidence of mediation was found in a statistically significant indirect effect of ACEs on SS through CREV (Effect = .17, 95% CI = .069-.294). These findings support recent evidence that CVE is a distinct ACE as it contributes to toxic stress similar to individual-level ACEs. The use of a comprehensive ACE screening that includes CVE is warranted, particularly when working with culturally and socioeconomically diverse populations, as it would better capture a broader range of adversities across demographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lopez-Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Liza Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | | | - Kelley Volpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jackson DB, Jindal M, Testa A, Ganson KT, Fix RL, Nagata JM. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Police Contact in the United Kingdom. Pediatrics 2022; 150:189565. [PMID: 36161331 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-055889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are prevalent in the population and yield several adverse consequences for child health and development as they accumulate. The objective of the current study is to examine the association between ACEs and adolescent police contact using a national, longitudinal study of adolescents born in the United Kingdom. METHODS Data come from a sample of 11 313 adolescents who participated in the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), which is a national, longitudinal study of adolescents born in the United Kingdom between 2000 and 2002. Accumulating ACEs were measured at ages 5 and 7 years and reports of police contact were measured at age 14 years, including being stopped and questioned, warned/cautioned, and arrested. RESULTS Accumulating ACEs at ages 5 and 7 years are associated with a significant increase in the odds of experiencing police stops by age 14 years, with 3 or more ACEs corresponding to a 100% increase in the odds of police stops. Additional analyses reveal that behavioral health factors at age 11 years explain 58.5% to 78.1% of the association between ACEs and adolescent police stops, with externalizing behavior explaining the largest portion of the association. Finally, accumulating ACEs were most relevant to being warned/cautioned or arrested by police. CONCLUSIONS A history of accumulating ACEs during early childhood elevates the likelihood of police contact by age 14 years, in part by undermining behavioral health. Findings highlight the potential for early interventions in the lives of ACE-exposed adolescents to curtail justice system involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan B Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Alexander Testa
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Rebecca L Fix
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason M Nagata
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Liao H, Gu J, Wang J. Anxiety and depression related to childhood maltreatment in teenagers: Comparing multiple individual risk model, cumulative risk model and latent profile analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105630. [PMID: 35413546 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have employed person-centered approaches (i.e. latent profile analysis in this study) to investigate the specific patterns of childhood maltreatment in a large sample of Chinese adolescents, and little is known about the predictive validity of latent profile analysis on internalizing problems, compared with multiple individual risk model and cumulative risk model. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether differential patterns of maltreatment existed by employing latent profile analysis with a sample of 9071 Chinese adolescents, and further examined the predictive validity of latent profile analysis on internalizing problems, relative to the cumulative risk and multiple individual risk model. PARTICIPANTS Using a stratified sampling approach, 10,515 participants (Mean age = 14.24; SD = 1.73) were chosen from three different types of middle schools in Chongqing city, China. 9071 valid responses (males = 4775; females = 4296) were obtained for final analysis. METHODS Participants reported their childhood maltreatment experience, anxiety and depression symptoms. Latent profile analysis was used to obtain possible patterns of maltreatment with Mplus version 7. 4. Bolck-Croon-Hagenaars (BCH) method was used to test the association between maltreatment patterns and anxiety and depression symptoms. Relative weight analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to test the predictive validity of latent profile analysis, multiple individual risk and cumulative risk model. RESULTS Using latent profile analysis, two patterns of childhood maltreatment were uncovered ("No Maltreatment" and "Multiple Maltreatment"). Further analysis showed that multiple individual risk model accounted for the largest variance in anxiety (R2 = 26.7%) and depression (R2 = 33%), followed by the latent profile analysis (R2 = 14.7% for anxiety and 18.6% for depression) and the cumulative risk model (R2 = 12.9% for anxiety and 15.2% for depression). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that the multiple individual risk model is the optimal model for identifying adolescents at the risk of developing anxiety and depression symptoms, and the results suggested emotional abuse and emotional neglect are risk factors for higher levels of anxiety and depression among adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Zhang
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiping Liao
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjing Gu
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Center for Mental Health Education, Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
McGinnis EW, Sheridan M, Copeland W. Impact of dimensions of early adversity on adult health and functioning: A 2-decade, longitudinal study. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:527-538. [PMID: 35074038 PMCID: PMC9309184 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942100167x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Recent neurodevelopmental and evolutionary theories offer strong theoretical rationales and some empirical evidence to support the importance of specific dimensions of early adversity. However, studies have often been limited by omission of other adversity dimensions, singular outcomes, and short follow up durations. 1,420 participants in the community, Great Smoky Mountains Study, were assessed up to eight times between age 9 and 16 for four dimensions of early adversity: Threat, Material Deprivation, Unpredictability, and Loss (as well as a Cumulative Adversity measure). Participants were followed up to four times in adulthood (ages 19, 21, 25, and 30) to measure psychiatric disorders, substance disorder, and "real-world" functioning. Every childhood adversity dimension was associated with multiple adult psychiatric, substance, or functional outcomes when tested simultaneously in a multivariable analysis that accounted for other childhood adversities. There was evidence of differential impact of dimensions of adversity exposure on proximal outcomes (e.g., material deprivation and IQ) and even on distal outcomes (e.g., threat and emotional functioning). There were similar levels of prediction between the best set of individual adversity scales and a single cumulative adversity measure when considering distal outcomes. All dimensions of childhood adversity have lasting, pleiotropic effects, on adult health and functioning, but these dimensions may act via distinct proximal pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Anderson AS, Siciliano RE, Henry LM, Watson KH, Gruhn MA, Kuhn TM, Ebert J, Vreeland AJ, Ciriegio AE, Guthrie C, Compas BE. Adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and socioeconomic status: Associations with internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescence. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 125:105493. [PMID: 35091303 PMCID: PMC8826588 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), low socioeconomic status (SES), and harsh parenting practices each represent well-established risk factors for mental health problems. However, research supporting these links has often focused on only one of these predictors and psychopathology, and interactions among these variables in association with symptoms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The current study utilized a cross-sectional, multi-informant, and multi-method design to investigate the associations of ACEs, SES, parenting, and concurrent internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data are from a volunteer sample of 97 adolescents and their caregivers recruited from 2018 to 2021 in a southern U.S. metropolitan area to sample a range of exposure to ACEs. METHODS Multiple linear regression models were used to assess associations among adolescents' ACEs exposure, SES, observed parenting practices, and symptoms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. RESULTS Lower SES was associated with higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while higher ACEs exposure and observed parenting were related to externalizing but not internalizing symptoms. Associations of adolescents' exposure to physical abuse and perceived financial insecurity with externalizing symptoms were moderated by warm and supportive parenting behaviors. Conversely, harsh parenting was linked to increased levels of externalizing symptoms, particularly in the context of low income. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the presence of multiple risk factors may incur greater vulnerability to externalizing problems, while warm and supportive parenting practices may provide a buffer against externalizing problems for adolescents exposed to physical abuse. Links between ACEs, SES, parenting, and youth adjustment should continue to be explored, highlighting parenting as a potentially important and malleable intervention target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jon Ebert
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rodriguez CM. Talking to Parents about Spanking: The Potential for Pediatricians to Reduce the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences. J Pediatr 2021; 235:22-23. [PMID: 33684395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|