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Jones AA, Duncan MS, Perez-Brumer A, Connell CM, Burrows WB, Oser CB. Impacts of intergenerational substance use and trauma among black women involved in the criminal justice system: A longitudinal analysis. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE AND ADDICTION TREATMENT 2023; 153:208952. [PMID: 37654010 PMCID: PMC10474323 DOI: 10.1016/j.josat.2023.208952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Intergenerational substance use and trauma disproportionately impact racialized women. Yet, how these factors impact outcomes in women involved in the criminal justice system is understudied. METHODS Using data from 443 participants in the Black Women in a Study of Epidemics, we assessed the impact of intergenerational substance use and trauma on participant drug use and open Child Protective Services (CPS) cases over 18 months. In repeated-measures logistic regression, intergenerational substance and trauma were independent variables, while participants' drug use at each follow-up and any open CPS case (s) served as separate dependent variables. Models were adjusted for criminal justice involvement, age, marital status, education, childhood guardian, number of children, and prior year homelessness. RESULTS On average, participants were aged 35 years, 64 % had never married, and 44 % were raised by both parents. Two-thirds of women (67 %) reported intergenerational substance use (≥1 parent and/or grandparent with alcohol/drug problems), while only 13 % reported intergenerational trauma. Each increase in the number of parents/grandparents with drug/alcohol problems was associated with 30 % increased odds of participants' drug use (aOR 1.30, 95 % CI: 1.07,1.57) and 40 % increased odds of having an open CPS case (aOR 1.40, 95 % CI: 1.11, 1.78). The association of intergenerational trauma and CPS cases was attenuated with sociodemographic/contextualizing factors. CONCLUSIONS Intergenerational substance use and trauma are associated with negative outcomes. Our findings highlight the need for substance use treatment to address the pervasive generational effects of substance use and trauma faced by racialized women in the criminal justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abenaa A Jones
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America; Consortium for Substance Use and Addiction, The Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
| | - Meredith S Duncan
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
| | | | - Christian M Connell
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, United States of America.
| | - William B Burrows
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, United States of America.
| | - Carrie B Oser
- Department of Sociology, University of Kentucky, United States of America; Center on Drug & Alcohol Research, Center for Health Equity Transformation.
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Yu Z, Qin W, Li J. Intergenerational transmission of parental risky health behaviors in Chinese children: Are there socioeconomic status differences? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 9:842817. [PMID: 36698800 PMCID: PMC9870313 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.842817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Risky health behaviors in childhood, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and having a poor diet, are the major sources of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study aimed to examine how parents affect children's risky health behaviors and whether intergenerational transmission differs based on socioeconomic status (SES). Methods Data were extracted from the 1991-2015 China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). Smoking (n = 5,946), alcohol consumption (n = 7,821), and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) consumption (n = 3,537) were used as proxies for risky health behaviors in children. A binary choice model for panel data with a random-effect specification was employed to examine whether risky health behaviors can be transmitted from parents to their children. Subsequently, we conducted a seemingly unrelated estimation test (SUEST) to explore the differences in parental transmission between the different SES groups. Results We found strong intergenerational persistence of smoking, alcohol drinking, and SSBs drinking behaviors, except for the mothers' smoking behavior. Mothers had a greater influence on children's alcohol drinking and SSBs drinking behaviors than fathers both in urban and rural areas and in different SES groups. The intergenerational transmission of SSBs drinking behavior exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing SES for both urban and rural families. In urban areas, mothers' alcohol drinking behavior has a decreasing trend with increasing education level, occupation, and income; however, in rural areas, the influence of mothers' alcohol drinking behavior occurred in the same direction with increasing education level and occupation type. In rural areas, the influence of fathers' drinking and smoking behaviors on children appears to mostly increase with increasing SES. Meanwhile, the influence of such behaviors among urban fathers would decrease with increasing SES. Conclusion Parents' behaviors and SES can influence the initiation of risky health behaviors in their offspring. Thus, to promote healthy behaviors, policymakers can introduce health education programs for parents, particularly for those living in rural areas and with a low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexuan Yu
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Wen Qin
- Infirmary of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Center for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Carter A, Bares C, Lin L, Reed BG, Bowden M, Zucker RA, Zhao W, Smith JA, Becker JB. Sex-specific and generational effects of alcohol and tobacco use on epigenetic age acceleration in the Michigan longitudinal study. DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE REPORTS 2022; 4. [PMID: 36285173 PMCID: PMC9592053 DOI: 10.1016/j.dadr.2022.100077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Background: Methods: Results: Conclusions:
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Lee H, Henry KL. Adolescent Substance Use Prevention: Long-Term Benefits of School Engagement. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2022; 92:337-344. [PMID: 35067924 PMCID: PMC8967764 DOI: 10.1111/josh.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine if school engagement is a viable target for early prevention of adolescent substance use, this study investigated whether school engagement in early adolescence (ages 12-14) is a cause of alcohol and cannabis use during middle to late adolescence (ages 15-19). METHODS To facilitate causal inference, inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs), which are based on estimated probabilities of treatment selection (ie, school engagement), were created based on a robust set of potential confounders. Using the IPTWs, a cumulative link mixed model was fit to examine the impact of school engagement on alcohol and cannabis use among an ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 360). RESULTS School engagement was associated with a lower level of alcohol and cannabis use from age 15 to 18. School engagement was not associated with change in alcohol and cannabis use over time, suggesting that school engagement emits its effect early in the developmental course of substance use and offers protection throughout adolescence. CONCLUSIONS This study supports a compensatory role of early school engagement in substance use across middle and late adolescence. School engagement is a malleable factor and thus offers an avenue for prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyanghee Lee
- Postdoctoral Research Scholar, , Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University, 307 Biobehavioral Health Building, University Park, PA 16801
| | - Kimberly L Henry
- Professor, , Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, 220 Behavioral Sciences Building, 410 W Pitkin St, Fort Collins, CO 80523
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Varela RB, Cararo JH, Tye SJ, Carvalho AF, Valvassori SS, Fries GR, Quevedo J. Contributions of epigenetic inheritance to the predisposition of major psychiatric disorders: theoretical framework, evidence, and implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Henry KL, Agbeke DV, Tiberio SS, Kerr DCR, Capaldi DM, Bailey JA, Epstein M. Does Parents' Age at First Birth Moderate Intergenerational Continuity in Early-Onset Cannabis Use? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2021; 82:470-475. [PMID: 34343078 PMCID: PMC8356793 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this brief report were to examine the extent to which early onset of cannabis use by parents and their children, and intergenerational continuity in early-onset cannabis use by parents and children, differ as a function of parent age at birth of first child. METHOD A total of 795 parent-child dyads (57% male parents and 49% male children) were compiled from three intergenerational studies: Oregon Youth Study-Three Generational Study (OYS-3GS), Rochester Youth Development Study and Rochester Intergenerational Study (RYDS-RIGS), and Seattle Social Development Project-The Intergenerational Project (SSDP-TIP). Parents and children identified as non-Hispanic White (29% and 22%, respectively), Black (55% and 47%), and Hispanic (8% and 11%). Early-onset cannabis use was defined as initiation at or before age 15. Time-varying effect models were fit to examine the research questions. RESULTS Among parents, earlier initiation of cannabis use was associated with an earlier entry into parenthood. Moreover, parents' later age at first birth was predictive of a lower prevalence of early-onset cannabis use among their children. Last, regarding intergenerational continuity, parental early onset of cannabis use increased the likelihood of child early-onset use, but only among older parents (i.e., later age at first birth). CONCLUSIONS We provide a nuanced examination of the associations between parental and child early-onset cannabis use as a function of parents' age at first birth and describe a novel approach to incorporating parent's age at first birth into models of intergenerational continuity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L. Henry
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Della V. Agbeke
- Department of Psychology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer A. Bailey
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington–Seattle, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marina Epstein
- Social Development Research Group, University of Washington–Seattle, Seattle, Washington
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Kerr DCR, Capaldi DM. Introduction to the special section on the intergenerational transmission of risk for substance use. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2021; 34:811-817. [PMID: 33271034 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Six original research papers were submitted to this Special Section to address questions regarding the intergenerational transmission of risk for cannabis and other substance use. Study teams recruited youth in Iowa, Washington, Oregon, New York, and Arizona in the 1980s-1990s, assessed them into adulthood, and recruited their partners and offspring for another study. All of the studies assessed substance use in 2 or more generations. Other strengths in this section include the strong representation of fathers, the demographic diversity of the samples as a whole, and the demonstrations of varied statistical and replication approaches. The findings highlight features of parental histories of cannabis use during adolescence that are associated with their children's risk for cannabis use and factors that explain or weaken intergenerational similarities. Two groups of prevention scholars also offered commentaries on the implications of these studies for prevention and training, and collaboration. It is hoped that the Special Section will stimulate new hypotheses, replications, and communication among etiological and prevention researchers. Furthermore, the papers highlight that the familial transmission of substance use risk should be taken into account more fully in the design of prevention programs to maximize impacts for youth as well as their future offspring. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Hempel BJ, Crissman ME, Imanalieva A, Melkumyan M, Winston CA, Riley AL. Cross-generational THC Exposure Weakly Attenuates Cocaine's Rewarding Effects in Adult Male Offspring. Physiol Behav 2020; 227:113164. [PMID: 32891609 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents represent a large demographic of marijuana consumers. Regrettably, use during this developmental period has been associated with above average health risks. A growing body of evidence suggests that adolescent drug use in the lifetime of a parent can modify behavior and neurochemistry in descendants without direct exposure. The current study was designed to evaluate the effects of pre-conception THC during adolescence on vulnerability to cocaine in adult male offspring. Male and female rats were given an intermittent THC (0 or 1.5 mg/kg) exposure regimen during the adolescent window and mated with drug group conspecifics in adulthood. F1-THC and F1-Veh pups were cross fostered to drug naïve control dams. In Experiment 1, adult offspring underwent cocaine (0 or 15 mg/kg) locomotor sensitization procedures and showed no effect of parental THC exposure on locomotor activity. In Experiment 2, intravenous catheters were implanted and subjects were tested under a number of reinforcement schedules with cocaine (FR1, FR5, FR10, PR, dose-response, extinction, cue + stress induced reinstatement). F1-THC subjects exhibited a slight decrease in cocaine responding during acquisition and a more rapid extinction, but they failed to produce significant differences on any other measure. These findings indicate that adolescent cannabis use likely has minimal effects on cocaine abuse liability in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana J Hempel
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
| | - Madeline E Crissman
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Aikerim Imanalieva
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Mariam Melkumyan
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Chloe A Winston
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
| | - Anthony L Riley
- Psychopharmacology Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience, Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA.
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Tiberio SS, Kerr DCR, Bailey JA, Henry KL, Capaldi DM. Intergenerational associations in onset of cannabis use during adolescence: A data synthesis approach. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2020; 34:877-889. [PMID: 32478533 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined associations between parents' and their children's ages of onset of cannabis use using a data synthesis methodology to pool data from 3 similarly designed intergenerational studies. Regarding age of first use of cannabis, prospective data were collected at one or more assessments from early to late adolescence in each generation. The extent to which parent and offspring gender separately or jointly moderated intergenerational effects was examined. Data were harmonized from studies originating in the states of Washington (Bailey, Hill, Epstein, Steeger, & Hawkins, 2018), New York (Thornberry, Henry, Krohn, Lizotte, & Nadel, 2018), and Oregon (Capaldi, Kerr, & Tiberio, 2018) when the parents were in late childhood to early adolescence; analyses concerned 1,081 parents and their children from 971 unique families. Parents' and their children's age of cannabis use onset during adolescence were modeled using discrete-time survival analysis techniques. Although data were successfully synthesized across the studies, the primary hypothesis was not supported: parents' earlier age of first cannabis use during adolescence was not significantly associated with earlier onset of cannabis use in the offspring generation. Rather, parents' histories of any cannabis use in adolescence-regardless of timing-were linked with increased risk for early onset cannabis use by their children compared to parents with no history of use during adolescence. There were no significant parent, child, or parent-by-child gender moderation effects. Thus, prevention of adolescent onset of cannabis in one generation may have prevention benefits for the next. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Kerr DC, Tiberio SS, Capaldi DM, Owen LD. Paternal and maternal prescription opioid use and misuse: General and specific risks for early adolescents' substance use. Addict Behav 2020; 103:106248. [PMID: 31862621 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent substance use is a risk factor early adolescents' substance use. Theoretical models of deviance and general substance use risk may not apply to risk-transmission pathways involving parents' prescription opioid misuse (POM) and child outcomes. Thus, we examined predictions of children's alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana (ATM) use in early adolescence, from parental POM, delinquency, depressive symptoms, and ATM use. METHOD Children (n = 216; 121 female) participated from early childhood to ages 11-12 or 13-14 years with their 111 fathers and 136 mothers. At all available waves, self-reports were collected on each parents' POM, ATM, prescription opioid use (POU), depressive symptoms, and delinquent behavior, and children's ATM use. RESULTS Poisson regressions were run separately by parent, controlled for child age and gender and paternal age at child's birth, and accounted for clustering of children in families. Child ATM use was predicted by paternal POM, but the effect was better explained by paternal ATM use, which was a stronger effect in families with higher father-child residential contact. In contrast and unexpectedly, mothers' POU but not POM predicted child ATM use, and the effect was not explained by the significant predictions from maternal ATM use and delinquency. CONCLUSION Fathers' POM and mothers' POU predicted child ATM use by early adolescence. Findings generally were consistent with parent-child risk-transmission processes described for other substances. Resident fathers' substance use and multiple maternal risk factors are worthy foci for prevention of the intergenerational transmission of substance use.
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