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Kim SY, Wen W, Coulter KM, Tse HW, Du Y, Chen S, Hou Y, Shen Y. Sociocultural Antecedents and Mechanisms of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Mexican-Origin Youth. Behav Med 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38874131 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2024.2355117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Mexican-origin youth, as a large and growing population among U.S. youth, have been disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Understanding what, when, and how sociocultural factors may influence their COVID-19 vaccine uptake could inform current and future pandemic-response interventions promoting vaccination behaviors among Mexican-origin youth. The current study takes a developmental approach to reveal the long-term and short-term sociocultural antecedents of 198 Mexican-origin adolescents' COVID-19 vaccination uptake behaviors and explores the underlying mechanism of these associations based on the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior model. The current study adopted Wave 1 (2012-2015) and Wave 4 (2021-2022) self-reported data from a larger study. Analyses were conducted to examine four mediation models for four sociocultural antecedents-daily discrimination, ethnic discrimination, foreigner stress, and family economic stress-separately. Consistent indirect effects of higher levels of concurrent sociocultural risk factors on a lower probability of COVID-19 vaccine uptake were observed to occur through less knowledge about the COVID-19 vaccines and less positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines at Wave 4. Significant direct effects, but in opposite directions, were found for the associations between Wave 1 ethnic discrimination/Wave 4 daily discrimination and the probability of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. The findings highlight the importance of considering prior and concurrent sociocultural antecedents and the Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior pathway leading to COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Mexican-origin youth and suggest that the impact of discrimination on COVID-19 vaccination uptake may depend on the type (e.g., daily or ethnic) and the context (e.g., during the COVID-19 pandemic or not) of discrimination experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Kiera M Coulter
- Population Research Center, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hin Wing Tse
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yayu Du
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Yang Hou
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Yishan Shen
- School of Family and Consumer Sciences, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
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Keum BT, Wong MJ, Sanders I. Racial Hate at the Intersection of Online and Offline Worlds: The Joint Impact of Online and Offline Racism on the Mental Health of Racially Minoritized Individuals. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:2487-2506. [PMID: 38149586 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231220015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
With the everyday influence of social media and online platforms, racially minoritized individuals face the risk of experiencing racial discrimination in both offline and online contexts. Yet, there is scant research on how online and offline racism could jointly impact the mental health of racially minoritized individuals. Thus, the study examined online racism as a moderator in the link between offline racism and mental health issues. Using data from 651 racially minoritized emerging adults (Mage = 22.15, SD = 3.39), a moderation analysis was conducted using the PROCESS macro with bias-corrected bootstrapping (10,000 resamples). Experiencing more offline racism was significantly associated with greater mental health issues. Online racism was a significant moderator in the link between offline racism and mental health issues. The link between offline racism and mental health issues was not significant at low levels of online racism. However, the link was significant and strengthened at mean to high levels of online racism. The results suggest complex interactions in understanding the compounding impact of online and offline racism on mental health costs among racially minoritized individuals. Implications for future research on understanding the interplay between online and offline racism are discussed.
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Rupp TL. Effects of Auriculo-Acupuncture on Sleep and Emotional Stress in Hispanic Immigrants: A Small Randomized Clinical Trial. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2024; 30:588-592. [PMID: 38359392 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate whether Hispanic immigrants with sleep disturbance showed improvements with auriculo-acupuncture mediated by emotional stress. Design: Single-blind randomized clinical trial. Settings/Location: Community. Subjects: Sixteen Hispanic male (N = 4) and female (N = 12) volunteers. Interventions: Bi-weekly intervention for eight total treatments of National Acupuncture Detoxification Association (NADA) auriculo-acupuncture or sham. Outcome Measures: Emotional distress and sleep measures were completed Baseline, Mid- (four treatments), and Follow-up (eight treatments). Comparisons between Groups and within sessions using Mixed-Model ANOVA; linear regression assessed emotional stress and sleep association. Results: Significant within-subjects effect of Session (p's <.05) with significant differences Baseline/Mid-Way and Baseline/Final (p's <.05). Linear Regression showed significant positive associations at Baseline. Conclusions: Community auriculo-acupuncture may improve sleep and emotional stress in Hispanic immigrants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy Lynn Rupp
- Defense and Veterans Center for Integrative Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Arizpe A, Ochoa-Dominguez CY, Navarro S, Kim SE, Queen K, Pickering TA, Farias AJ. Racial/Ethnic Disparities: Discrimination's Impact on Health-Related Quality of Life-An All of Us Cancer Survivors' Cross-sectional Study. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-02006-z. [PMID: 38653897 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-02006-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrimination is associated with worse mental and physical health outcomes. However, the associations among cancer survivors are limited. OBJECTIVE We examined whether discrimination is associated with HRQoL and whether adjusting for it reduces racial/ethnic disparities in HRQoL among cancer survivors. METHODS Cross-sectional data from adult cancer survivors who completed surveys on discrimination in the medical settings (DMS), everyday perceived discrimination (PD), and HRQoL in the "All of Us" Program from 2018 to 2022 were assessed. We created a binary indicator for fair-to-poor vs. good-to-excellent physical health and mental health. PD and DMS scores were a continuous measure with higher scores reflecting more discrimination. Multivariable logistic regression models tested whether DMS and PD are associated with HRQoL and whether they differently affect the association between race/ethnicity and HRQoL. RESULTS The sample (N = 16,664) of cancer survivors was predominantly White (86%) and female (59%), with a median age of 69. Every 5-unit increase in DMS and PD scores was associated with greater odds of fair-to-poor physical health (DMS: OR [95%CI] = 1.66 [1.55, 1.77], PD: 1.33 [1.27, 1.40]) and mental health (DMS: 1.57 [1.47, 1.69], PD: 1.33 [1.27, 1.39]). After adjusting for DMS or PD, Black and Hispanic survivors had a decreased likelihood of fair-to-poor physical health and mental health (decrease estimate range: - 6 to - 30%) compared to White survivors. This effect was greater for Black survivors when adjusting for PD, as the odds of fair-to-poor mental health compared to White survivors were no longer statistically significant (1.78 [1.32, 2.34] vs 1.22 [0.90, 1.64]). CONCLUSION Experiences of discrimination are associated with lower HRQoL and reducing it may mitigate racial/ethnic disparities in HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Arizpe
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Navarro
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Sue E Kim
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Katelyn Queen
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Trevor A Pickering
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - Albert J Farias
- Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, 1845 N. Soto St., Suite 318B, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
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Tibiriçá L, Jester DJ, Kohn JN, Williams AP, McEvoy LK, Palmer BW. Perceived discrimination and nativity status: risk of cognitive impairment among Latin American older adults. Int Psychogeriatr 2023:1-13. [PMID: 38037791 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610223004374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the association between perceived discrimination and the risk of cognitive impairment with no dementia (CIND) and Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) while considering the potential effects of nativity status. DESIGN A prospective analysis of discrimination and nativity status with dementia and cognitive impairment was conducted among Latinx adults aged 51 years and older who participated in the Health and Retirement Study. SETTING A national representative sample. PARTICIPANTS A sample of 1,175 Latinx adults aged 51 years and older. MEASUREMENTS Demographics, cognitive functioning, perceived discrimination, and nativity status (US-born vs. non-US born) were assessed. Traditional survival analysis methods (Fine and gray models) were used to account for the semi-competing risk of death with up to 10 years of follow-up. RESULTS According to our results, neither everyday discrimination nor nativity status on their own had a statistically significant association with CIND/ADRD; however, non-US-born Latinx adults who reported no discrimination had a 42% lower risk of CIND/ADRD (SHR = 0.58 [0.41, 0.83], p = .003) than US-born adults. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight the need for healthcare providers to assess for discrimination and provide support and resources for those experiencing discrimination. It also highlights the need for better policies that address discrimination and reduce health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Tibiriçá
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Dylan J Jester
- Women's Operational Military Exposure Network (WOMEN), VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Jordan N Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Allison P Williams
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda K McEvoy
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barton W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), San Diego, CA, USA
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Rodriguez VE, Enriquez LE, Ro A, Ayón C. Immigration-Related Discrimination and Mental Health among Latino Undocumented Students and U.S. Citizen Students with Undocumented Parents: A Mixed-Methods Investigation. JOURNAL OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 64:593-609. [PMID: 37222500 PMCID: PMC10683331 DOI: 10.1177/00221465231168912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Research has consistently linked discrimination and poorer health; however, fewer studies have focused on immigration-related discrimination and mental health outcomes. Drawing on quantitative surveys (N = 1,131) and qualitative interviews (N = 63) with Latino undergraduate students who are undocumented or U.S. citizens with undocumented parents, we examine the association between perceived immigration-related discrimination and mental health outcomes and the process through which they are linked. Regression analyses identify an association between immigration-related discrimination and increased levels of depression and anxiety; this relationship did not vary by self and parental immigration status. Interview data shed light on this result as immigration-related discrimination manifested as individual discrimination as well as vicarious discrimination through family and community members. We contend that immigration-related discrimination is not limited to individual experiences but rather is shared within the family and community, with negative implications for the mental health of undocumented immigrants and mixed-status family members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annie Ro
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cecilia Ayón
- University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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Correa KA, Delfel EL, Wallace AL, III WEP, Jacobus J. Hispanic/Latinx ethnic differences in the relationships between behavioral inhibition, anxiety, and substance use in youth from the ABCD cohort. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1251032. [PMID: 37867762 PMCID: PMC10587569 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1251032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Elevated levels of behavioral inhibition (BI) may connote risk for both anxiety and substance use disorders. BI has consistently been shown to be associated with increased levels of anxiety, while the association between BI and substance use has been mixed. It is possible that the relationship between BI and substance use varies by individual difference factors. Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) youth in particular may have stronger relationships between BI, anxiety, and substance use. Methods The present study therefore evaluated (1) the prospective relationships between BI [assessed via self-reported behavioral inhibition system (BIS) scale scores], anxiety, and substance use in youth (n = 11,876) across baseline, 1-, and 2-year follow-ups of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (ages 9-12) and (2) whether these relationships differed by H/L ethnicity while covarying for average behavioral approach system scores, race, sex, age, highest parental income, highest parental education, and past-year substance use (for analyses involving substance use outcomes). Results Baseline levels of BIS scores predicted increased anxiety symptoms at both 1- and 2-year follow-ups and did not differ by H/L ethnicity. Baseline levels of BIS scores also prospectively predicted increased likelihood of substance use at 2-year follow-up, but only for H/L youth and not at 1-year follow-up. Discussion High scores on the BIS scale contribute risk to anxiety across ethnicities and may uniquely contribute to risk for substance use in H/L youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A. Correa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Everett L. Delfel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- San Diego State University/University of California (SDSU/UC) San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Alexander L. Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - William E. Pelham III
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Joanna Jacobus
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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Zvolensky MJ, Shepherd JM, Clausen BK, Garey L, Redmond BY, Santiago-Torres M, Bricker JB. Role of perceived discrimination and anxiety sensitivity in cigarette smoking among english-speaking latinx adults living in the United States. J Behav Med 2023; 46:791-800. [PMID: 36977893 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Latinx/Hispanic (hereafter, Latinx) population in the United States (US) experiences significant tobacco-related health disparities. Extant work suggests social determinants of health (SDoH) such as perceived discrimination is an individual differences factor for cigarette smoking behavior among Latinx individuals who smoke cigarettes. Other research has suggested sensitivity to internal cues, referred to as anxiety sensitivity, is related to smoking among Latinx adults, but this work has not explored whether anxiety sensitivity may moderate the association between perceived discrimination and smoking behavior. METHOD Therefore, the present investigation sought to explore the main and interactive association of perceived discrimination and anxiety sensitivity in relation to cigarettes smoked per day, severity of problems experienced when quitting, and perceived barriers for smoking cessation among 338 English-speaking Latinx individuals living in the US (Mage = 35.5 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18-61; 37.3% female) who smoke cigarettes. RESULTS Results supported statistically significant main effects for perceived discrimination and anxiety sensitivity in relation to increased severity of problems experienced when quitting and perceived barriers for smoking cessation. These associations were evident after adjusting for a sociodemographic covariates. CONCLUSION Overall, the present investigation suggests that both perceived discrimination and anxiety sensitivity are important constructs relevant to understanding smoking processes among Latinx adults who smoke cigarettes and should be integrated in theoretical models of smoking among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Justin M Shepherd
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bryce K Clausen
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brooke Y Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 3695 Cullen Blvd., Room 126, 77204, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jonathan B Bricker
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Washington, USA
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Peltzman T, Forehand JA, Freytes IM, Shiner B. Rural and Urban Hispanic Patients of the Veterans Health Administration. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023; 10:2273-2283. [PMID: 36100811 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01406-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Hispanic Veterans are the largest growing racial and ethnic minority group in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) system. Though recent research has found increasing suicide rates in this population and a growing rural-urban disparity, literature on core population characteristics remains sparse. We used extensive patient demographic and clinical data from VA's electronic medical record repository to examine geographic and longitudinal variation in Hispanic VA patients from 2001 to 2018. As the first such detailed characterization of this population, this study was largely descriptive in nature, and included heatmaps of Hispanic patient residence across rural and urban US counties, along with descriptive measures of patient characteristics by rurality, and first year of VA use. We found that Hispanic patients (n = 722,893) represented 5.2% of new VA users between 2001 and 2018, a proportion which grew nearly 90% from 4.0% (2001-2006) to 7.5% (2013-2018). Hispanic patients were largely White, male, under age 50, and had minimal illness or disability. The highest prevalence of Hispanic patients was in the Southwest US/Mexico border region, while the Midwest experienced the largest growth of Hispanic patients. Rural Hispanic patients were more likely to be older, male, and to live in areas characterized by small foreign-born populations and high socioeconomic deprivation. Compared with Hispanic patients entering the VA system in 2001-2006, patients in 2013-2018 were younger, more likely to be female, and to live in urban areas. These findings illustrate the wide range of demographic, clinical, and geographic experiences in the growing VA Hispanic population and demonstrate that culturally competent care for Hispanic Veterans must reflect their intra-ethnic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talya Peltzman
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, USA.
| | - Jenna A Forehand
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, USA
| | - Ivette M Freytes
- North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian Shiner
- Mental Health and Behavioral Science Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, USA
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
- National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, VT, USA
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Trifan G, Gallo LC, Lamar M, Garcia-Bedoya O, Perreira KM, Pirzada A, Talavera GA, Smoller SW, Isasi CR, Cai J, Daviglus ML, Testai FD. Association of Unfavorable Social Determinants of Health With Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attack and Vascular Risk Factors in Hispanic/Latino Adults: Results From Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. J Stroke 2023; 25:361-370. [PMID: 37554075 PMCID: PMC10574305 DOI: 10.5853/jos.2023.00626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Social determinants of health (SDOH) are non-medical factors that may contribute to the development of diseases, with a higher representation in underserved populations. Our objective is to determine the association of unfavorable SDOH with self-reported stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) and vascular risk factors (VRFs) among Hispanic/Latino adults living in the US. METHODS We used cross-sectional data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. SDOH and VRFs were assessed using questionnaires and validated scales and measurements. We investigated the association between the SDOH (individually and as count: ≤1, 2, 3, 4, or ≥5 SDOH), VRFs and stroke/TIA using regression analyses. RESULTS For individuals with stroke/TIA (n=388), the mean age (58.9 years) differed from those without stroke/TIA (n=11,210; 46.8 years; P<0.0001). In bivariate analysis, income <$20,000, education less than high school, no health insurance, perceived discrimination, not currently employed, upper tertile for chronic stress, and lower tertiles for social support and language- and social-based acculturation were associated with stroke/TIA and retained further. A higher number of SDOH was directly associated with all individual VRFs investigated, except for at-risk alcohol, and with number of VRFs (β=0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.09-0.14). In the fully adjusted model, income, discrimination, social support, chronic stress, and employment status were individually associated with stroke/TIA; the odds of stroke/TIA were 2.3 times higher in individuals with 3 SDOH (95% CI 1.6-3.2) and 2.7 times (95% CI 1.9-3.7) for those with ≥5 versus ≤1 SDOH. CONCLUSION Among Hispanic/Latino adults, a higher number of SDOH is associated with increased odds for stroke/TIA and VRFs. The association remained significant after adjustment for VRFs, suggesting involvement of non-vascular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Trifan
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olga Garcia-Bedoya
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amber Pirzada
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Sylvia W. Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Department of Medicine, Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernando D. Testai
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Majeno A, Molina KM, Frisard CF, Lemon SC, Rosal MC. Discrimination and Sleep: Differential Effects by Type and Coping Strategy. Ann Behav Med 2023; 57:442-452. [PMID: 36534964 PMCID: PMC10205141 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discrimination has been posited as a contributor of sleep disparities for Latinxs. The strategy used to cope with discrimination may reduce or exacerbate its effects on sleep. This study examined whether different types of discrimination (everyday and major lifetime discrimination) were associated with sleep indices (quality, disturbances, efficiency) and whether coping strategy used moderated associations. METHOD Data of Latinx adults (N = 602; 51% women, 65% Dominican, Mage = 46.72 years) come from the Latino Health and Well-being Project, a community-based, cross-sectional study of Latinxs in Lawrence, MA. Multiple linear regressions were estimated separately for each sleep outcome. RESULTS Everyday discrimination was significantly associated with poorer sleep quality and greater disturbances; major lifetime discrimination was significantly associated with worse sleep across the three sleep indices. Coping strategy moderated associations between discrimination and sleep. Compared with Latinxs who used passive coping, those who used passive-active coping strategies had poorer sleep quality the more they experienced everyday discrimination. Latinxs who used any active coping strategy, compared with passive coping, had greater sleep disturbances the more frequently they experienced major lifetime discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Findings show that everyday discrimination and major lifetime discrimination are associated with different dimensions of sleep and suggest that coping with discrimination may require the use of different strategies depending on the type of discrimination experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Majeno
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kristine M Molina
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christine F Frisard
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Stephenie C Lemon
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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12
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Malcarne VL, Merz EL, Gonzalez P, Isasi CR, Navas-Nacher EL, Perreira KM, Castañeda SF, Penedo FJ, Gallo LC. The Scale of Ethnic Experience long and short forms in Spanish and English: Psychometric findings from the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 28:503-512. [PMID: 35025545 PMCID: PMC9869708 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties and cross-group equivalence of scores from Spanish and English long and short forms of the Scale of Ethnic Experience (SEE; Malcarne et al., 2006) in a multisite representative cohort from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. METHOD Hispanic/Latino adults (N = 5,313) completed a battery of measures, including the original 32-item SEE, in their preferred language of Spanish or English. A 12-item version of the SEE, comprised of three items representing each of the four original subscales, was created and evaluated for invariance across language and self-identified heritage (Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central American, Dominican, and South American). Internal consistency reliability and convergent/discriminant validity of the subscales were also evaluated. RESULTS Results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) did not support the four-subscale structure of the original 32-item SEE (Ethnic Identity, Perceived Discrimination, Social Affiliation, and Mainstream Comfort). Multigroup CFA supported the structural invariance of the SEE-Short Form across language and heritage groups. Patterns for convergent and discriminant validity were generally within expected effect sizes and directions, and consistent across language and heritage. CONCLUSIONS Psychometric findings support the utility of the newly developed 12-item short form of the SEE for measuring multiple dimensions of ethnic experience in Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin L. Merz
- Department of Psychology, California State University Dominguez Hills
| | | | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine
| | | | - Krista M. Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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13
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Johnson SN, Forbush KT, Swanson TJ. The impact of discrimination on binge eating in a nationally representative sample of Latine individuals. Int J Eat Disord 2022; 55:1120-1129. [PMID: 35796067 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latines have higher rates of eating disorders characterized by binge eating compared to their non-Latine white counterparts, yet culturally and socially relevant factors related to binge eating in Latines have been largely understudied. The purpose of the current study was to examine how discrimination and acculturative stress were associated with binge eating in a nationally representative sample of Latines. An additional aim was to test the extent to which family cohesion and social support could buffer against the effects of discrimination and acculturative stress on binge eating. METHOD Participants (56% female, N = 2550) were Latines enrolled in the National Latino and Asian American Study. Structural equation modeling using 1000 re-sampled data sets built from machine learning iterative sampling procedures was used to examine the effects of discrimination, acculturative stress, family cohesion, and social support on binge eating. RESULTS Results indicated that only discrimination was significantly associated with binge eating. Neither the direct effect of acculturative stress, interaction of family cohesion and acculturative stress, interaction of social cohesion and acculturative stress, nor the interaction of social support and discrimination were significantly associated with binge eating. DISCUSSION This study highlights the need for mental-health providers to understand and assess discrimination among Latines presenting with concerns of binge eating. Treatments that effectively provide coping strategies to manage discriminatory experiences and reduce binge eating could improve both effectiveness of treatment and retention rates for Latine individuals with binge eating. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This study examined the association of discrimination, acculturative stress, family cohesion, and social support with binge eating in Latines. Only discrimination was significantly associated with binge eating, highlighting the importance for providers to assess discrimination among Latines with binge-eating concerns and to improve equity, inclusion, and belonging at a societal level. Modifying existing treatments to address coping with discrimination could improve the effectiveness for Latines with binge-eating concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah N Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Kelsie T Forbush
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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14
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Held ML, First JM, Huslage M. Effects of COVID-19, Discrimination, and Social Support on Latinx Adult Mental Health. J Immigr Minor Health 2022; 24:1446-1458. [PMID: 35841445 PMCID: PMC9288212 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01382-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the role of COVID-19 exposure and discrimination on depressive and posttraumatic stress symptoms among Latinx adults residing in the southeastern United States. Survey data were collected from 264 Latinx adults. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) procedures, we estimated a structural model for hypothesized direct and indirect relationships between the risk factors of COVID-19 exposure and discrimination, social support, and two mental health conditions: depression and posttraumatic stress. COVID-19 exposure and discrimination each had a significant and positive relationship with both depression and posttraumatic stress. Social support was found to have a significant and inverse relationship with depression and posttraumatic stress, as well as to mediate the relationship between discrimination and both mental health symptoms. Implications for service provision and program design are presented. Future studies should examine variation between southeastern states and consider the influence of documentation status among an immigrant-only sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Lehman Held
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, TN, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Jennifer M First
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, TN, Knoxville, USA
| | - Melody Huslage
- College of Social Work, University of Tennessee, TN, Knoxville, USA
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15
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Cabrera Tineo YA, Dillon FR, Ertl MM, Rentería R, De La Rosa M. Discrimination-Based Acculturative Stress, Depression, and Alcohol Use among Latina Emerging Adults During Initial Months in the USA. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 20:553-568. [PMID: 35321450 PMCID: PMC8937027 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-020-00386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The present study examined the links between discrimination-based acculturative stress (DAS), depressive symptoms, and alcohol use among recently immigrated Latina young adults and explored potential within-group Latina ethnic differences. Methods Structural equation modeling was used to assess these relations among 530 Latina young adults (age 18-23) who had immigrated to the U.S. within approximately 12 months prior to assessment. Results Women reporting more DAS indicated more depressive symptoms and alcohol use than counterparts reporting less DAS. Women reporting more time in the U.S. experienced higher levels of DAS. Undocumented participants, and those who had lived in the U.S. for less time, reported more depressive symptoms than their peers. Discussion Findings highlight the need for mental health clinicians to attend to their local sociopolitical climate context for discriminatory practices and integrate cultural factors in mental health and alcohol use interventions targeting Latina young adults who recently immigrated to the U.S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajaira A. Cabrera Tineo
- Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | - Frank R. Dillon
- Counseling & Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Melissa M. Ertl
- Department of Educational & Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | - Roberto Rentería
- Counseling & Counseling Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Mario De La Rosa
- Center for Research on U. S. Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse, Florida International University, Miami, FL
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16
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Martínez AD, Mercado E, Barbieri M, Kim SY, Granger DA. The Importance of Biobehavioral Research to Examine the Physiological Effects of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination in the Latinx Population. Front Public Health 2022; 9:762735. [PMID: 35083188 PMCID: PMC8784784 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.762735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of research is documenting how racial and ethnic populations embody social inequalities throughout the life course. Some scholars recommend the integration of biospecimens representing the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, neurological and endocrinological processes, and inflammation to capture the embodiment of inequality. However, in comparison to other racial and ethnic groups, there has been little research examining how Hispanic/Latinx persons embody racial and ethnic discrimination, much less resulting from institutional and structural racism. We provide a rationale for expanding biobehavioral research examining the physiological consequences of racism among Latinx persons. We identify gaps and make recommendations for a future research agenda in which biobehavioral research can expand knowledge about chronic disease inequities among Latinx populations and inform behavioral and institutional interventions. We end by cautioning readers to approach the recommendations in this article as a call to expand the embodiment of racism research to include the diverse Latinx population as the United States addresses racial inequity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airín D. Martínez
- Department of Health Promotion and Policy, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Evelyn Mercado
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Marielena Barbieri
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas-Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Douglas A. Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- The Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, School of Nursing, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Saliva Bioscience Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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17
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Ethnic discrimination and alcohol-related problem severity among Hispanic/Latin drinkers: The role of social anxiety in the minority stress model. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 138:108730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Correa KA, Carrillo V, Funkhouser CJ, Shenberger ER, Shankman SA. Ethnic differences in behavioral and physiological indicators of sensitivity to threat. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 85:102508. [PMID: 34864540 PMCID: PMC8760157 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of anxiety may differ between Hispanics/Latinx (H/L) and non-H/L, although findings on ethnic differences in self-reported anxiety symptoms have been mixed. Fewer studies have focused on ethnic differences in quick and relatively automatic laboratory-assessed indicators of anxiety symptoms, which have the potential to be more objective indicators than self-report. Therefore, the present study examined ethnic differences in two laboratory-assessed indicators of threat sensitivity (an important transdiagnostic mechanism of anxiety): attentional bias to threat and electromyography startle reactivity to threat. White H/L (n = 117) and White non-H/L (n = 168) adults who were matched on demographics and lifetime psychopathology (including anxiety) completed a dot-probe task to assess attentional bias to threat and the No-Predictable-Unpredictable threat (NPU) task to assess startle reactivity to threat. Results indicated that H/L displayed less Slow OrientationRB (β = -0.27, p = 0.032, R2β∗ = 0.02), and increased Slow DisengagementRB (β = 0.31, p = 0.016, R2β∗ = 0.02) compared to non-H/L. H/L exhibited blunted overall startle compared to non-H/L (β = -0.30, p = 0.014, R2β∗ = 0.02), but groups did not differ in startle reactivity to either predictable or unpredictable threat. In summary, H/L and non-H/L may differ in their experience and presentation of anxiety symptoms and such differences may vary across indicators of sensitivity to threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Correa
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Northwestern University, United States
| | | | - Carter J Funkhouser
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Northwestern University, United States
| | - Elyse R Shenberger
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Northwestern University, United States
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19
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Machismo and Caballerismo Linked with Perceived Social Discrimination and Powerlessness in U.S. Latino Men. JOURNAL OF CROSS-CULTURAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220221211054206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Concepts from the Threat Appraisal and Coping Theory, Precarious Manhood Theory, and Ambivalent Sexism suggest that U.S. Latino men who perceive social discrimination and powerlessness may respond with machismo beliefs that serve as coping responses to empower themselves and reassert their manhood. Machismo beliefs include both aggressive “traditional machismo” and gentlemanly family-focused “caballerismo.” Because past research has revealed that individuals respond to social abuse with anger, prompting them to feel empowered but less empathetic, we hypothesized that Latino men who perceive social discrimination combined with a sense of powerlessness would report more traditional machismo and less caballerismo. We also hypothesized that this three-variable sequence would be stronger for men with high rather than low in Latino identity, since discrimination would be a more personal threat to their identity and manhood. Participants included 1,530 U.S. Latinos who completed online surveys to report demographics (age, education, employment, sexual orientation, partner status, household size), perceived social discrimination, powerlessness, traditional machismo, caballerismo, and Latino identity. Mediational analyses confirmed the three-variable sequence in which powerlessness mediated associations between social discrimination and (more) aggressive machismo, and (less) gentlemanly caballerismo. Also as hypothesized, moderated mediational analysis revealed that these three-variable sequences were stronger for men with high rather than low Latino identity. With recent increases in social discrimination against U.S. Latinos, present results caution that men may respond to these challenges with increased aggressive patterns of traditional machismo.
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20
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Gonzalez S, Strizich G, Isasi CR, Hua S, Comas B, Sofer T, Thyagarajan B, Perreira KM, Talavera GA, Daviglus ML, Nelson SC, Giachello AL, Schneiderman N, Kaplan RC. Consent for Use of Genetic Data among US Hispanics/Latinos: Results from the Hispanic Community Health Study/ Study of Latinos. Ethn Dis 2021; 31:547-558. [PMID: 34720558 DOI: 10.18865/ed.31.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion of historically underrepresented populations in biomedical research is critical for large precision medicine research initiatives. Among 13,721 Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) enrollees, we used multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios to describe characteristics associated with participants' willingness to consent to different levels of biospecimen and genetic data analysis and sharing. At baseline (2008-2011), HCHS/SOL participants almost universally consented to the use of biospecimens and genetic data by study investigators and their collaborators (97.6%; 95%CI: 97.1, 98.0). Fewer consented to biospecimen and genetic data sharing with investigators not affiliated with the HCHS/SOL research team (81%, 95%CI: 80, 82) or any data sharing with commercial/for-profit entities (75%, 95%CI: 74, 76). Those refusing to share their data beyond the study investigators group were more often females, Spanish language-speakers and non-US born individuals. As expected, participants who were retained and reconsented at the six-year follow up visit tended to embrace broader data sharing, although this varied by group. Over time, Puerto Ricans and Dominicans were more likely to convert to broader data sharing than individuals of a Mexican background. Our analysis suggests that acculturation and immigration status of specific Hispanic/Latino communities may influence decisions about participation in genomic research projects and biobanks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Gonzalez
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Garrett Strizich
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Simin Hua
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Betsy Comas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard Medical School. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Gregory A Talavera
- South Bay Latino Research Center, Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Sarah C Nelson
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Aida L Giachello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Medicine Research Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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21
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Wheeler LA, Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor AJ, Crouter AC. Mexican-origin parents' workplace discrimination and well-being: The roles of familism values, family conflict, and gender. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 27:717-727. [PMID: 34323506 PMCID: PMC8497426 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined Mexican-origin parents' perceived workplace discrimination, familism, family conflict, and gender as related to parents' well-being (i.e., self-esteem, depressive symptoms, and general physical health) over a 2-year period during the 2007-2009 "Great Recession" in the U.S. METHOD Data were drawn from two waves of a larger study of 246 Mexican-origin predominantly immigrant families with adolescents. Using a matched-pairs sample of mothers and fathers, path analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized relations. RESULTS Moderation analyses revealed that high levels of familism weakened the link between workplace discrimination and parents' depressive symptoms, whereas high levels of parent-youth conflict exacerbated the association to parents' psychosocial well-being. There was variation by parent gender, with parent-youth conflict being more strongly associated with fathers' self-esteem than mothers'. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that Mexican-origin parents' familism can mitigate and family conflict can exacerbate the risks of workplace discrimination on parents' psychosocial well-being. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey A. Wheeler
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families and Schools
| | | | | | - Ann C. Crouter
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Human Development and Family Studies
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22
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Rodriquez EJ, Coreas SI, Gallo LC, Isasi CR, Salazar CR, Bandiera FC, Suglia SF, Perreira KM, Hernandez R, Penedo F, Talavera GA, Daviglus ML, Pérez-Stable EJ. Allostatic load, unhealthy behaviors, and depressive symptoms in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100917. [PMID: 34660875 PMCID: PMC8502772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Environmental Affordances Model (EAM) proposes that the effects of chronic stress on depression are moderated by unhealthy behaviors and race/ethnicity. The unique social structures and contexts of Hispanics/Latinos in the U.S. may influence such relationships. This study evaluated whether unhealthy behaviors weakened the relationship between allostatic load, a measure of chronic stress, and future elevated depressive symptoms among Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos participants. METHODS Longitudinal data (2008-2011 and 2014-2017) from 11,623 participants were analyzed. The exposure was allostatic load, an index of twelve established biomarkers categorized using clinically relevant cut points, at Visit 1. Elevated depressive symptoms were operationalized as a score of ≥10 (out of 30) on the CES-D 10 at Visit 2. An index of unhealthy behaviors, with one point each for cigarette smoking, excessive/binge drinking, sedentary behavior, and poor diet quality at Visit 1, was examined as an effect modifier. Multivariable logistic regression, in the overall sample and among Mexicans specifically and adjusted for demographic characteristics and elevated depressive symptoms at Visit 1, was used to model allostatic load, unhealthy behavior index (range: 0-4), and their interaction in relation to elevated depressive symptoms at Visit 2. RESULTS Overall, greater allostatic load was associated with higher odds of elevated depressive symptoms after at least 6 years (aOR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.10). Overall, individuals with greater allostatic load and an unhealthy behavior index = 1, compared to those with an unhealthy behavior index = 0, had lower odds of elevated depressive symptoms at follow-up (aβ = -0.065, 95% CI = -0.12, -0.007). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between chronic stress and depression was partially moderated among Hispanics/Latinos who engaged in unhealthy behavior, which may have reduced their risk of elevated depressive symptoms given more chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J. Rodriquez
- Division of Intramural Research; National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute; 3 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0311, USA
| | - Saida I. Coreas
- Division of Intramural Research; National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute; 3 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0311, USA
| | - Linda C. Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, 780 Bay Boulevard Suite 200, Chula Vista, CA, 91910, USA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Christian R. Salazar
- UC Irvine Institute for Memory Impairment and Neurological Disorders, University of California, Irvine, 3227 Biological Sciences III, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Frank C. Bandiera
- Division of Behavioral and Social Research, National Institute on Aging, 31 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-2292, USA
| | - Shakira F. Suglia
- Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Krista M. Perreira
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, 333 South Columbia Street, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7240, USA
| | - Rosalba Hernandez
- School of Social Work, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1010 West Nevada Street, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Frank Penedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Flipse Building, 5th Floor, 5665 Ponce de Leon Blvd, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, USA
| | - Gregory A. Talavera
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 9245 Sky Park Court, Suite 100 / HH 138, San Diego, CA, 92123-4311, USA
| | - Martha L. Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1819 West Polk Street Suite 246, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable
- Division of Intramural Research; National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute; 3 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0311, USA,Corresponding author. Division of Intramural Research; National Heart, Lung, And Blood Institute; 3 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD, 20892-0311, USA.
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Cano M, Perez Portillo AG, Figuereo V, Rahman A, Reyes-Martínez J, Rosales R, Ángel Cano M, Salas-Wright CP, Takeuchi DT. Experiences of Ethnic Discrimination Among US Hispanics: Intersections of Language, Heritage, and Discrimination Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2021; 84:233-250. [PMID: 34840361 PMCID: PMC8622792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informed by Latino Critical Race Theory, the present study examined how intersections between English use/proficiency, Spanish use/proficiency, and heritage group shape the varying experiences of ethnic discrimination reported by US Hispanic adults. METHODS The study utilized data from 7,037 Hispanic adults from the 2012-2013 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III. Multivariable binomial logistic regression modeled language use/proficiency, heritage, and demographic characteristics as predictors of past-year self-reported perceived ethnic discrimination, overall and in six different settings. RESULTS Both English and Spanish use/proficiency were positively associated with increased adjusted odds of reporting ethnic discrimination overall, in public, or with respect to employment/education/ housing/courts/police; however, with respect to being called a racist name or receiving verbal/physical threats/assaults, a positive association was observed for English, yet not Spanish. Results also indicated a significant interaction between English use/proficiency and Spanish use/proficiency when predicting past-year ethnic discrimination overall or for any of the six types/settings examined, although the relationship between language use/proficiency and ethnic discrimination varied by Hispanic heritage group. CONCLUSION Study findings emphasize that experiencing some form of ethnic discrimination is relatively common among US Hispanic adults, yet the prevalence and types or settings of ethnic discrimination vary widely on the basis of demographics, immigrant generation, heritage, and the interplay between English and Spanish use/proficiency.
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Scheim AI, Bauer GR, Bastos JL, Poteat T. Advancing Intersectional Discrimination Measures for Health Disparities Research: Protocol for a Bilingual Mixed Methods Measurement Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e30987. [PMID: 34459747 PMCID: PMC8438612 DOI: 10.2196/30987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Guided by intersectionality frameworks, researchers have documented health disparities at the intersection of multiple axes of social status and position, particularly race and ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation. To advance from identifying to intervening in such intersectional health disparities, studies that examine the underlying mechanisms are required. Although much research demonstrates the negative health impacts of perceived discrimination along single axes, quantitative approaches to assessing the role of discrimination in generating intersectional health disparities remain in their infancy. Members of our team recently introduced the Intersectional Discrimination Index (InDI) to address this gap. The InDI comprises three measures of enacted (day-to-day and major) and anticipated discrimination. These attribution-free measures ask about experiences of mistreatment because of who you are. These measures show promise for intersectional health disparities research but require further validation across intersectional groups and languages. In addition, the proposal to remove attributions is controversial, and no direct comparison has ever been conducted. Objective This study aims to cognitively and psychometrically evaluate the InDI in English and Spanish and determine whether attributions should be included. Methods The study will draw on a preliminary validation data set and three original sequentially collected sources of data: qualitative cognitive interviews in English and Spanish with a sample purposively recruited across intersecting social status and position (gender, sexual orientation, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, age, and nativity); a Spanish quantitative survey (n=500; 250/500, 50% sexual and gender minorities); and an English quantitative survey (n=3000), with quota sampling by race and ethnicity (Black, Latino/a/x, and White), sexual or gender minority status, and gender. Results The study was funded by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities in May 2021, and data collection began in July 2021. Conclusions The key deliverables of the study will be bilingual measures of anticipated, day-to-day, and major discrimination validated for multiple health disparity populations using qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/30987
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayden I Scheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Greta R Bauer
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - João L Bastos
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Tonia Poteat
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Vinci C, Cambron C, Lam C, Wetter DW. Perceived discrimination and smoking lapse among Mexican Americans: An ecological momentary assessment study. Health Psychol 2021; 40:388-397. [PMID: 34323541 PMCID: PMC8344071 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Racial/ethnic minorities face unique stressors, including perceived discrimination (PD), that may increase the difficulty of quitting smoking relative to the general population of smokers. The current study examines the impact of acute PD on smoking lapse during a quit attempt, as well as potential mechanisms linking PD to lapse among Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans. METHOD Participants (N = 169) were Spanish-speaking Mexican Americans living in the United States who completed ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) multiple times per day for 21 days postquit. A multilevel structural equation model decomposed the effect of PD on smoking lapse into indirect effects through negative affect, positive affect, smoking urge, motivation to quit, and self-efficacy. RESULTS Results indicated that PD operated indirectly through negative affect, positive affect, and urge to smoke, above and beyond other mechanisms, to increase risk for smoking lapse. CONCLUSIONS Findings have direct implications for intervention development among this population, including the potential for developing strategies to buffer the impact of PD, as well as skills to directly manage increased negative affect and urge to smoke. Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) might be particularly useful, given they are designed to deliver treatment in real-time (e.g., delivery of strategies to build resilience and implement coping strategies) that could counter the impact of PD on smoking lapse. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Sladek MR, Castro SA, Doane LD. Ethnic-Racial discrimination experiences predict Latinx adolescents' physiological stress processes across college transition. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105212. [PMID: 33933893 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Consistent with conceptual frameworks of ethnic-race-based stress responses, and empirical evidence for the detrimental effects of ethnic-racial discrimination, the current study hypothesized that experiencing more frequent ethnic-racial discrimination during adolescence would predict differences in physiological responses to psychosocial stress across the college transition. U.S. Latinx adolescents (N = 84; Mage = 18.56; SD = 0.35; 63.1% female; 85.7% Mexican descent) completed survey measures of ethnic-racial discrimination during their final year of high school and first college semester (~5 months later), as well as a standard psychosocial stressor task during their first college semester. Repeated blood pressure and salivary cortisol measures were recorded to assess cardiovascular and neuroendocrine activity at baseline and stress reactivity and recovery. Data were analyzed using multilevel growth models. Experiencing more frequent ethnic-racial discrimination in high school, specifically from adults, predicted higher baseline physiological stress levels and lower reactivity to psychosocial stress during the first college semester, evidenced by both blood pressure and cortisol measures. Experiencing ethnic-racial discrimination from peers in high school also predicted higher baseline blood pressure in college, but not stress reactivity indices. Results were consistent when controlling for concurrent reports of ethnic-racial discrimination, gender, parents' education level, body mass index, oral contraceptive use, time between longitudinal assessments, depressive symptoms, and general perceived stress. Experiencing frequent ethnic-racial discrimination during adolescence may lead to overburdening stress response systems, indexed by lower cardiovascular and neuroendocrine stress reactivity. Multiple physiological stress systems are sensitive to the consequences of ethnic-racial discrimination among Latinx adolescents transitioning to college.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Sladek
- Harvard Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, United States.
| | - Saul A Castro
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States.
| | - Leah D Doane
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, United States.
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Poteat T, Gallo LC, Harkness A, Isasi CR, Matthews P, Schneiderman N, Thyagarajan B, Daviglus ML, Sotres-Alvarez D, Perreira KM. Influence of Stress, Gender, and Minority Status on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the Hispanic/Latino Community: Protocol for a Longitudinal Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e28997. [PMID: 33955843 PMCID: PMC8138714 DOI: 10.2196/28997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic/Latino sexual and gender minorities (SGM) are the fastest growing ethnic group of SGM in the United States. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among Hispanics/Latinos. SGM inequities in CVD risk have been identified as early as young adulthood, and minority stress has been identified as a potential mediator. Yet, the small number of ethnic or racial minority participants in SGM studies have precluded the examination of the intersections of sexual orientation, gender identity, and race and ethnicity. OBJECTIVE Minority stress models conceptualize relationships between stressors in minority groups and health outcomes. In this study, we will (1) examine the influence of sexual orientation and gender identity on CVD risk among all Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) participants at visit 3 (2021-2024; N~9300); (2) model pathways from sexual orientation and gender identity to CVD risk through stigma, discrimination, and stress in a 1:2 matched subcohort of SGM and non-SGM participants at visit 3 (n~1680); and (3) examine the influence of resilience factors on sexual orientation or gender identity and CVD risk relationships among subcohort participants at visit 3 (n~1680). METHODS This study will leverage existing data from the parent HCHS/SOL study (collected since 2008) while collecting new data on sexual orientation, gender identity, stigma, discrimination, stress, coping, social support, and CVD risk. Data analysis will follow the SGM minority stress model, which states that excess stigma against SGM populations leads to minority stress that increases CVD risk. In this model, coping and social support serve as resilience factors that can mitigate the impact of minority stress on CVD risk. Cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models as well as structural equation models will be used to test these relationships. RESULTS This study was funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in March 2020. Recruitment is scheduled to begin in the first quarter of 2021 and continue through 2024. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the influence of stigma-induced stress on CVD risk among Hispanic/Latino SGM has significant implications for the development of culturally specific CVD risk reduction strategies. Study findings will be used to build on identified Hispanic/Latino cultural strengths to inform adaptation and testing of family and community acceptance interventions. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/28997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonia Poteat
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Audrey Harkness
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Phoenix Matthews
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Perales-Puchalt J, Gauthreaux K, Shaw A, McGee JL, Teylan MA, Chan KCG, Rascovsky K, Kukull WA, Vidoni ED. Risk of mild cognitive impairment among older adults in the United States by ethnoracial group. Int Psychogeriatr 2021; 33:51-62. [PMID: 31948505 PMCID: PMC7365740 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610219002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the risk of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among a wide range of ethnoracial groups in the US. DESIGN Non-probabilistic longitudinal clinical research. SETTING Participants enrolling into the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center Unified Data Set recruited via multiple approaches including clinician referral, self-referral by patients or family members, or active recruitment through community organizations. PARTICIPANTS Cognitively normal individuals 55 and older at the initial visit, who reported race and ethnicity information, with at least two visits between September 2005 and November 2018. MEASUREMENTS Ethnoracial information was self-reported and grouped into non-Latino Whites, Asian Americans, Native Americans, African Americans (AAs), and individuals simultaneously identifying as AAs and another minority race (AA+), as well as Latinos of Caribbean, Mexican, and Central/South American origin. MCI was evaluated clinically following standard criteria. Four competing risk analysis models were used to calculate MCI risk adjusting for risk of death, including an unadjusted model, and models adjusting for non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors. RESULTS After controlling for sex and age at initial visit, subhazard ratios of MCI were statistically higher than non-Latino Whites among Native Americans (1.73), Caribbean Latinos (1.80), and Central/South American Latinos (1.55). Subhazard ratios were higher among AA+ compared to non-Latino Whites only in the model controlling for all risk factors (1.40). CONCLUSION Compared to non-Latino Whites, MCI risk was higher among Caribbean and South/Central American Latinos as well as Native Americans and AA+. The factors explaining the differential MCI risk among ethnoracial groups are not clear and warrant future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Gauthreaux
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Ashley Shaw
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas, MS6002, Fairway, KS66205, USA
| | - Jerrihlyn L McGee
- School of Nursing, University of Kansas, MS 4043, Kansas City, KS66160, USA
| | - Merilee A Teylan
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Kwun C G Chan
- Department of Biostatistics, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Katya Rascovsky
- Department of Neurology, Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Walter A Kukull
- Department of Epidemiology, National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA98195, USA
| | - Eric D Vidoni
- Alzheimer's Disease Center, University of Kansas, MS6002, Fairway, KS66205, USA
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Drug overdose mortality among stateside Puerto Ricans: Evidence of a health disparity. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2020; 90:103079. [PMID: 33341699 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.103079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study compared drug overdose mortality rates in Puerto Rican-heritage and Non-Hispanic (NH) White individuals in the United States (US), examining time trends and recent variation by age, sex, state of residence, and drugs involved in overdose. METHODS Death certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics, as well as American Community Survey population estimates, were used to calculate age-specific and age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rates for Puerto Rican-heritage and NH White residents of the 50 United States or District of Columbia (DC). Rates for 2018 were compared between Puerto Rican-heritage and NH White individuals, overall and by sex, age, state, and specific drug involved in overdose. Joinpoint Regression was used to examine trends in drug overdose mortality rates from 2009 to 2018. RESULTS From 2009 to 2018, the age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rate in stateside Puerto Ricans doubled among women (from 6.0 to 12.5 per 100,000) and nearly tripled among men (from 15.3 to 45.2 per 100,000). In 2018, the age-adjusted drug overdose mortality rate was significantly higher in Puerto Rican-heritage than NH White individuals (28.7 vs. 26.2 per 100,000, respectively). The 2018 drug overdose mortality rate was highest among Puerto Rican-heritage men ages 45-54 (104.1 per 100,000). CONCLUSION Findings emphasize the necessity of policies, programs, and interventions to mitigate risk of fatal overdose in stateside Puerto Rican communities.
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Cano M. English use/proficiency, ethnic discrimination, and alcohol use disorder in Hispanic immigrants. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1345-1354. [PMID: 32055891 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01837-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acculturation-related measures, often based on language, have traditionally been identified as predictors of drinking outcomes for US Hispanics. However, a sole focus on acculturation may obscure the role of societal factors such as discrimination. The present study evaluated ethnic discrimination as a mediator in the relationship between English use/proficiency and alcohol use disorder in US Hispanic immigrants. METHODS The study examined data from the 2222 self-identified Hispanic immigrant adults in the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions-III who reported alcohol use within the past year. The study utilized multivariable binomial logistic regression analyses to test relationships between English use/proficiency and perceived ethnic discrimination; English use/proficiency and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder; ethnic discrimination and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder. Statistical mediation examined ethnic discrimination as a mediator in the relationship between English use/proficiency and alcohol use disorder. RESULTS Perceived ethnic discrimination was significantly associated with alcohol use disorder in men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.99; 95% CI [confidence interval], 1.40-2.83), yet not women (AOR 1.32; 95% CI, 0.71-2.44), in a regression model that also included English use/proficiency. Perceived ethnic discrimination also acted as a partial mediator between English use/proficiency and DSM-5 alcohol use disorder for male, yet not female, Hispanic immigrants. CONCLUSION Findings show some support for the notion that experiences of ethnic discrimination, which may accompany the process of acculturation, partially explain deteriorating drinking outcomes in Hispanic immigrant men adapting to life in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Cano
- Department of Social Work, University of Texas at San Antonio, 501 W. César E. Chávez Blvd., San Antonio, TX, 78207, USA.
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Cariello AN, Perrin PB, Derlan CL, Espinoza GA, Morlett-Paredes A, Moreno OA, Trujillo MA. Moderating influence of enculturation on the relations between minority stressors and physical health via anxiety in Latinx immigrants. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 26:356-366. [PMID: 31556631 PMCID: PMC8153969 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Latinx population in the United States has grown rapidly, now standing at over 56 million people. Discrimination and acculturative stress have been found to affect the mental and physical health of Latinx immigrants, yet enculturation has been identified as an important cultural strength for this population. The purpose of this study was to examine the relations among minority stressors, anxiety, and physical health in a sample of Latinx immigrants living in the United States. A secondary aim was to examine whether the direct and indirect effects among these variables were moderated by enculturation (i.e., moderated mediation). METHOD A community sample of 202 Latinx immigrants completed questionnaires measuring these constructs. RESULTS Both acculturative stress (b = -1.68, p < .001) and discrimination (b = -1.69, p < .001) yielded direct effects on physical health, as well as indirect effects (b = -.10, 95% confidence interval [-.23, -.01]; b = -.21, 95% confidence interval [-.40, -.08], respectively) through anxiety. CONCLUSIONS Psychologists and allied health care providers are recommended to assess for the impact of minority stressors on anxiety and physical health when providing care to Latinx immigrants. Future intervention research targeting Latinx mental and physical health can consider ways to include innate cultural strengths like enculturation and partner with Latinx cultural centers, churches, and local communities to make enculturation more salient. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Annahir N. Cariello
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Paul B. Perrin
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Chelsea L. Derlan
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - G. Antonio Espinoza
- Department of History, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Oswaldo A. Moreno
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael A. Trujillo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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López CI, Richards DK, Field CA. Perceived discrimination and alcohol-related problems among Hispanic college students: The protective role of serious harm reduction behaviors. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:272-283. [PMID: 32281908 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1747040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the use of protective behavioral strategies (PBS) as moderators of the association between perceived discrimination and alcohol-related problems among Hispanic college students. Participants who were between 18 and 24 years of age (n = 379) completed self-report measures. The results showed that greater perceived discrimination was associated with less frequent PBS use, more problematic alcohol use, and more alcohol-related problems, while greater use of PBS types was associated with fewer alcohol-related problems. Furthermore, serious harm-reduction behaviors moderated the association between perceived discrimination and alcohol-related problems. The findings suggest that serious harm-reduction behaviors may protect against the negative effects of perceived discrimination on alcohol-related problems among Hispanic college students.
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Capielo Rosario C, Abreu RL, Gonzalez KA, Cardenas Bautista E. “That day no one spoke”: Florida Puerto Ricans’ Reaction to Hurricane María. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0011000019899382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We conducted two focus groups and four individual interviews to examine the experiences of Florida Puerto Rican adults ( N = 26) with secondary exposure to the devastation caused by Hurricane María. Results from our thematic analysis yielded four major themes and eight subthemes depicting responses to Hurricane María. Four major themes emerged across participant responses: 1) Participants’ Experience with Hurricane María, 2) Participants’ Negative Reactions to Hurricane María, 3) Participants Providing Support, and 4) Resilience and Growth. We also found that Florida Puerto Ricans’ secondary stress reactions were influenced by Puerto Rico’s political status and economic crisis. Results also indicated that participants experienced vicarious posttraumatic growth not only at the individual but also at the community level.
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Discrimination, language brokering efficacy, and academic competence among adolescent language brokers. J Adolesc 2020; 79:247-257. [PMID: 32007661 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Discrimination is detrimental for the development of ethnic minority adolescents' academic competence. To combat the negative effects of discrimination and promote academic success, it is important to understand the mechanisms underlying the association between discrimination and academic competence. Guided by the integrative model of ethnic minority children's development and the adapting cultural systems framework, this study examined whether a culture-specific factor, language brokering efficacy, mediated the relation between adolescents' perceived discrimination and their academic competence. METHOD Data were drawn form a two-wave longitudinal study of 604 Mexican American adolescent language brokers residing in and around a metropolitan city in central Texas, USA (54% female; Mage = 12.5; SD = 1.0; 75% born in the U.S.). Path analyses were conducted to answer the research questions. RESULTS The study revealed that the link between discrimination and academic competence was mediated by language brokering efficacy when translating for fathers and mothers, although the path from language brokering efficacy to academic competence was stronger when brokering for mothers. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of incorporating ethnic minority children's adapting cultural experiences in linking the contextual influence with their developmental competence. Implications for interventions aiming to reduce the negative impacts of discrimination are also discussed.
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Nesterko Y, Friedrich M, Brähler E, Hinz A, Glaesmer H. Mental health among immigrants in Germany - the impact of self-attribution and attribution by others as an immigrant. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1697. [PMID: 31852465 PMCID: PMC6921409 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In Germany, the term ‘migration background’ has been established to differentiate between immigrants and natives. In the present study post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, and depression were analysed in immigrant populations in Germany by considering self-attribution as well as attribution by others on one’s own ‘migration background’. Methods In a population-based survey (N = 2317), socio-demographic characteristics, migration background (official statistics definition vs. self-attribution as well as the anticipated attribution by others), PTSD (PCL-5), and symptoms of anxiety and depression (PHQ-4) were assessed. Logistic regression models were applied to predict mental health outcomes by considering socio-demographic and immigration-related factors. Results A total of 10.7% of respondents (N = 248) had a ‘migration background’. Immigrants of the 2nd generation compared to 1st generation immigrants are less likely to see themselves as immigrants. Attribution as an immigrant (self and/or by others) was found as significant predictor for PTSD and depression, but not anxiety. Conclusions It seems useful to focus on immigration-related factors considering subjective perspectives and not only comparing immigrants and natives using a federal statistics definition. Our findings suggest that research on the association between immigration-related factors such as attribution as an immigrant and mental health outcomes might be a promising approach to better identify subgroups at higher risk of mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriy Nesterko
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Michael Friedrich
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Heide Glaesmer
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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Cuevas AG, Ortiz K, Ransome Y. The moderating role of race/ethnicity and nativity in the relationship between perceived discrimination and overweight and obesity: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1458. [PMID: 31694587 PMCID: PMC6833296 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overweight/obesity epidemic is a public health issue in the United States (US), that disproportionately affect certain racial/ethnic minority groups. Perceived discrimination has been implicated as a health risk factor. However, research on race/ethnicity, perceived discrimination, and obesity has been mixed. Researchers suggest that perceptions of discrimination may be dependent upon nativity status. This study evaluated the role that nativity status and race/ethnicity play in the relationship between perceived discrimination and overweight/obesity. METHODS We used Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (2004-2005) [N = 33,319]). Multinomial logistic regression assessed a three-way interaction (perceived discrimination × race/ethnicity × nativity) on overweight and obesity, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and health-related behaviors. RESULTS The three-way interaction was significant for overweight [F (17, 49) = 3.35; p < 0.001] and obesity [F (17, 49) = 5.05; p < 0.001]. Among US-born individuals, US-born non-Hispanic Blacks had a decreased risk of being obese compared to US-born non-Hispanic Whites at mean levels of perceived discrimination [aRRR = 0.71; 95% CI (0.51-0.98); p = 0.04). Among foreign-born individuals, foreign-born South Americans had an increased risk of being overweight at mean levels of perceived discrimination compared to foreign-born non-Hispanic Whites [aRRR = 8.07; 95% CI (1.68-38.77); p = 0.01], whereas foreign-born Dominicans had a decreased risk of being obese compared to foreign-born non-Hispanic Whites [aRRR = 0.05; 95% CI (0.01-0.20); p < 0.001]. CONCLUSION Perceived racial discrimination is a risk factor for overweight/obesity for certain groups. Race/ethnicity and nativity may play important roles in the relationship between perceived discrimination and overweight/obesity. Future research is needed to identify the behavioral and psychological pathways that link perceived discrimination and overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo G Cuevas
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University, 574 Boston Ave, Suite 208, Medford, MA, 02155, USA.
| | - Kasim Ortiz
- Department of Sociology & Criminology, University of New Mexico, MSC05 3080, 1915 Roma NE Ste. 1103, Albuquerque, NM, 8713, USA
| | - Yusuf Ransome
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, 60 College Street, LEPH Building, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
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Campos B, Roesch SC, Gonzalez P, Hooker ED, Castañeda SF, Giachello AL, Perreira KM, Gallo LC. Measurement Properties of Sabogal's Familism Scale: Findings from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. JOURNAL OF LATINX PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 7:257-272. [PMID: 31853517 PMCID: PMC6918829 DOI: 10.1037/lat0000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Familism is a central Hispanic/Latino cultural value that emphasizes close, supportive family relationships and prioritizing family over the self. One of its best-known measures is Sabogal's Familism Scale (Sabogal, Marin, Otero-Sabogal, VanOss Marin, & Perez-Stable, 1987). Although widely used, this scale's measurement properties are not well understood. This study addressed that gap by examining the factor structure, factorial invariance, convergent and discriminant validity, and internal consistency of Sabogal's Familism Scale using data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. A diverse population-based sample of Hispanics/Latinos (N = 5,313) completed measures that were administered via interview in English or Spanish. Confirmatory factor analyses (n = 5,310) revealed that a three-factor model (familial obligations, perceived support from the family, family as referents; Sabogal's original three factors) fit the data well and did not vary across English and Spanish language groups (i.e., factorial invariance). Convergent and discriminant validities were also established; familism correlated positively with other Hispanic/Latino cultural values (simpatía, fatalism) and correlated negatively with U.S. acculturation. Internal consistency was acceptable. Sabogal's Familism Scale is recommended for continued use in the study of familism in U.S. Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belinda Campos
- Department of Chicano/Latino Studies, University of California, Irvine
| | | | | | - Emily D Hooker
- Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine
| | | | | | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University
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McCurley JL, Gutierrez AP, Bravin JI, Schneiderman N, Reina SA, Khambaty T, Castañeda SF, Smoller S, Daviglus ML, O’Brien MJ, Carnethon MR, Isasi CR, Perreira KM, Talavera GA, Yang M, Gallo LC. Association of Social Adversity with Comorbid Diabetes and Depression Symptoms in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sociocultural Ancillary Study: A Syndemic Framework. Ann Behav Med 2019; 53:975-987. [PMID: 30951585 PMCID: PMC6779072 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND U.S. Hispanics/Latinos experience high lifetime risk for Type 2 diabetes and concurrent psychological depression. This comorbidity is associated with poorer self-management, worse disease outcomes, and higher mortality. Syndemic theory is a novel social epidemiological framework that emphasizes the role of economic and social adversity in promoting disease comorbidity and health disparities. PURPOSE Informed by the syndemic framework, this study explored associations of socioeconomic and psychosocial adversity (low income/education, trauma history, adverse childhood experiences, ethnic discrimination, neighborhood problems [e.g., violence]) with comorbidity of diabetes and depression symptoms in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) and Sociocultural Ancillary Study. METHODS Participants were 5,247 Latino adults, aged 18-74, enrolled in four U.S. cities from 2008 to 2011. Participants completed a baseline physical exam and measures of depression symptoms and psychosocial adversity. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine associations of adversity variables with comorbid diabetes and high depression symptoms. RESULTS Household income below $30,000/year was associated with higher odds of diabetes/depression comorbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 4.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.89, 7.33) compared to having neither condition, as was each standard deviation increase in adverse childhood experiences (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16, 1.71), ethnic discrimination (OR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.50), and neighborhood problems (OR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.30, 1.80). CONCLUSION Low household income, adverse childhood experiences, ethnic discrimination, and neighborhood problems are related to comorbid diabetes and depression in U.S. Latinos. Future studies should explore these relationships longitudinally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L McCurley
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angela P Gutierrez
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Julia I Bravin
- Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego State University/University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Neil Schneiderman
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, MA, USA
| | - Samantha A Reina
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, MA, USA
| | - Tasneem Khambaty
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, MA, USA
| | - Sheila F Castañeda
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sylvia Smoller
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Matthew J O’Brien
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Greg A Talavera
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mingan Yang
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Torres L, Morgan Consoli ML, Unzueta E, Meza D, Sanchez A, Najar N. Thriving and Ethnic Discrimination: A Mixed‐Methods Study. JOURNAL OF MULTICULTURAL COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jmcd.12157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emily Unzueta
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Danny Meza
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Adriana Sanchez
- Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara
| | - Natasha Najar
- Psychology Department, Marquette University
- Now at Cognitive Behavioral Institute of Albuquerque, Albuquerque, NM
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Roth KB, Musci RJ, Eaton WW. Heterogeneity of Latina/os' acculturative experiences in the National Latino and Asian American Study: a latent profile analysis. Ann Epidemiol 2019; 38:48-56.e2. [PMID: 31473125 PMCID: PMC7046081 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study characterized unobserved subgroups of acculturative experiences among a nationally representative sample of U.S.-residing Latina/os (n = 2541) from the National Latino and Asian American Study. METHODS Latent profile analysis was used to characterize the sample by acculturative experiences using nine-factor score indicators regarding discrimination, neighborhood context, family environment, acculturation (language use and preference), and enculturation (ethnic identity). Predictors of profile membership are also examined, including sociodemographics, Latina/o heritage (i.e., ethnic group), generational status, and two acculturative stress domains (legal and interpersonal). RESULTS Four Latina/o subgroups were identified based on acculturative experiences. Profiles were differentiated by family context, neighborhood context, and discrimination: (1) positive experiences (n = 1,743, 69%), (2) cohesive conflict (n = 424, 17%), (3) marginalized conflict (n = 237, 9%), and (4) marginalized (n = 137, 5%). Generational status, heritage, and marital status were the salient predictors of profile membership. Among the foreign-born sample (n = 1617), legal acculturative stress also predicted profile membership. CONCLUSIONS Latina/os have heterogeneous experiences living in the United States. Discrimination, family context, and neighborhood environment are more related to varying experiences as opposed to traditional measures of acculturation and enculturation. Future research should characterize Latina/o heterogeneity using these experiences rather than strictly by observed demographics, such as heritage or generational status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly B Roth
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Rashelle J Musci
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - William W Eaton
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD
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Fox RS, Carnethon MR, Gallo LC, Wiley JF, Isasi CR, Daviglus ML, Cai J, Davis SM, Giachello AL, Gonzalez P, McCurley JL, Schneiderman N, Penedo FJ. Perceived Discrimination and Cardiometabolic Risk Among US Hispanics/Latinos in the HCHS/SOL Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Int J Behav Med 2019; 26:331-342. [PMID: 31236872 PMCID: PMC7294575 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of cardiovascular risk factors including elevated blood pressure, elevated triglycerides, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, impaired fasting glucose, and abdominal obesity, which disproportionately affects Hispanics/Latinos. The present study examined associations between perceived discrimination and MetS in Hispanic/Latino adults from various background groups (i.e., Dominican, Central American, Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South American). METHODS Data were obtained from 5174 Hispanics/Latinos who participated in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. MetS components and covariates were measured at a baseline examination, and perceived discrimination was assessed within 9 months of baseline. Path analysis modeled associations of perceived discrimination with MetS prevalence and each of the six components of MetS, controlling for age, sex, income, acculturation, physical activity, diet, smoking, and alcohol use. RESULTS Among the full cohort, perceived discrimination was not associated with MetS prevalence in any of the models evaluated. Higher perceived discrimination at work/school was associated with larger waist circumference. When examining background groups separately, higher perceived ethnicity-associated threat was related to increased MetS prevalence only among individuals of Central American background. Differential patterns of association between perceived discrimination and MetS components were found for different background groups. CONCLUSIONS Overall results suggested that perceived discrimination was not strongly or consistently associated with MetS among Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina S Fox
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mercedes R Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Joshua F Wiley
- Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jianwen Cai
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonia M Davis
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aida L Giachello
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez
- Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jessica L McCurley
- SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA.
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White K, Lawrence JA, Cummings JL, Fisk C. Emotional and physical reactions to perceived discrimination, language preference, and health-related quality of life among Latinos and Whites. Qual Life Res 2019; 28:2799-2811. [PMID: 31183603 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-019-02222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate whether emotional and physical reactions to perceived discrimination are associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among whites and Latinos (by language preference) in Arizona. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis using the Arizona Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2012-2014) was restricted to non-Hispanic white and Latino (grouped by English- or Spanish-language preference) participants who completed the Reactions to Race optional module (N = 14,623). Four core items from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Healthy Days Measures were included: self-rated health; physically unhealthy, mentally unhealthy; and functionally limited days. Poisson regression models estimated prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for poor self-rated health. Multinomial logistic models estimated odds ratios and 95% CI for poor mental, physical, and functionally limited days (defined as 14 + more days). Models were adjusted for sociodemographics, health behaviors, and multimorbidity. RESULTS Reports of emotional and physical reactions to perceived discrimination were highest among Spanish-language preference Latinos. Both Spanish- and English-language preference Latinos were more likely to report poor self-rated health in comparison to whites. In separate fully adjusted models, physical reactions were positively associated with each HRQOL measure. Emotional reactions were only associated with reporting 14 + mental unhealthy (aOR 3.16; 95% CI 1.82; 5.48) and functionally limited days (aOR 1.93; 95% CI 1.04, 3.58). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study suggest that physical and emotional reactions to perceived discrimination can manifest as diminished HRQOL. Consistent collection of population-based measures of perceived discrimination is warranted to track and monitor differential health vulnerability that affect Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellee White
- Department of Health Services Administration, University of Maryland College Park School of Public Health, 3302D SPH Bldg 255, 4200 Valley Drive, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Jourdyn A Lawrence
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason L Cummings
- Department of Sociology and African American Studies, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Calley Fisk
- Department of Sociology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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Parra-Cardona R, López-Zerón G, Leija SG, Maas MK, Villa M, Zamudio E, Arredondo M, Yeh HH, Domenech Rodríguez MM. A Culturally Adapted Intervention for Mexican-Origin Parents of Adolescents: The Need to Overtly Address Culture and Discrimination in Evidence-Based Practice. FAMILY PROCESS 2019; 58:334-352. [PMID: 30076593 PMCID: PMC6534478 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Latino/a populations in the United States are negatively impacted by widespread mental health disparities. Although the dissemination of culturally relevant parent training (PT) programs constitutes an alternative to address this problem, there is a limited number of efficacious culturally adapted PT prevention interventions for low-income Latino/a immigrant families with adolescents. The current manuscript describes the level of acceptability of a version of the GenerationPMTO® intervention adapted for Latino/a immigrant families, with an explicit focus on immigration-related challenges, discrimination, and promotion of biculturalism. Qualitative reports were provided by 39 immigrant parents who successfully completed the prevention parenting program. The majority of these parents self-identified as Mexican-origin. According to qualitative findings, participants reported overall high satisfaction with immigration and culture-specific components. Parents also expressed high satisfaction with the core GenerationPMTO parenting components and provided specific recommendations for improving the intervention. Current findings indicate the need to adhere to the core components that account for the effectiveness of PT interventions. Equally important is to thoroughly adapt PT interventions according to the cultural values and experiences that are relevant to target populations, as well as to overtly address experiences of discrimination that negatively impact underserved Mexican-origin immigrant families. Due to the exploratory nature of this study, the efficacy and effectiveness of the adapted prevention intervention remains to be established in empirical research.
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Cheon YM, Ip PS, Yip T. Adolescent profiles of ethnicity/race and socioeconomic status: Implications for sleep and the role of discrimination and ethnic/racial identity. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 57:195-233. [PMID: 31296316 PMCID: PMC11152316 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acdb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The present study seeks to explore the intersectionality of ethnicity/race and socioeconomic status (SES) among ethnic/racial minority adolescents in their developmental contexts, examining its implications for sleep disparities and the roles of discrimination and ethnic/racial identity (ERI; i.e., adolescents' understanding and feelings about who they are in relation to their ethnic/racial group). With 350 adolescents (Asian 41.4%, Black, 21.7%, and Latinx 36.9%, female=69.1%, Mage=14.27), we conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify latent classes of adolescents' ethnicity/race, ethnic/racial diversity in their schools and neighborhoods along with SES of their families, schools, and neighborhoods. Next, with hierarchical regression, we tested the association between class membership and subjective and objective sleep duration and quality, followed by the moderating effect of discrimination and ERI. We expected to find adolescents living in low diversity and low SES across various developmental contexts to experience lower levels of subjective and objective sleep duration and quality compared to their counterparts. We also expected to find exacerbating effects of discrimination and ERI exploration, and protective effects of ERI commitment in these associations. Three latent groups were identified (C1: "Black/Latinx adolescents in low/moderate SES families in varying diversity and low SES schools and neighborhoods," C2: "Predominantly Latinx adolescents in low SES families and moderate diversity and SES schools and neighborhoods," and C3: "Predominantly Asian adolescents in low/moderate SES families in moderate/high diversity and SES schools and neighborhoods"). The class memberships to C1 and C2 were associated with compromised sleep duration and quality compared to C3. An interaction effect of discrimination was found for C1 in subjective sleep duration and for C2 in objective sleep duration. While no interactions were found for ERI, ERI commitment had a direct association with objective sleep duration and quality. Interpretations and implications for intersectionality approach in studies on sleep disparities and the roles of discrimination and ERI are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Mi Cheon
- Psychology Department, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Pak See Ip
- Psychology Department, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Tiffany Yip
- Psychology Department, Fordham University, Bronx, NY, United States.
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Calzada EJ, Sales A. Depression among Mexican-origin mothers: Exploring the immigrant paradox. CULTURAL DIVERSITY & ETHNIC MINORITY PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 25:288-298. [PMID: 30372094 PMCID: PMC10460524 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Residential time in the United States appears to be a risk factor for mental health problems among Latinos, according to studies of the immigrant paradox, or a pattern of findings documenting better health for immigrants relative to U.S.-born Latinos. The present study used an acculturative stress model to examine the immigrant paradox with a sample of Mexican-origin mothers. METHOD Mothers [N = 175; age = 33.52 (10.75)], who were foreign- or U.S.-born, were categorized as more acculturated or less acculturated based on cluster analyses using demographic and language proficiency variables. The association between acculturative status and depressive symptoms approximately 9 months later was tested with two models: with both cultural stressors (i.e., perceived discrimination, acculturative stress) and cultural assets (i.e., familismo, ethnic identity) as mediators, and with the effects of cultural stressors moderated by cultural assets. RESULTS Data provide some support for the validity of the mediation model. Less acculturated mothers reported (a) a stronger ethnic identity, which appears to have protected them from later depression, and (b) stronger familismo, which increased risk for later depression. In addition, discrimination was negatively related to later depression. CONCLUSIONS We found support for the mediating role of cultural assets in the link between acculturation and depression, but some associations were in unexpected directions. These findings highlight the complexities of preserving core cultural characteristics among Mexican-origin mothers living in the United States, and the need to consider the context in which cultural processes unfold. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Calzada
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Adam Sales
- College of Education, University of Texas at Austin
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Alcántara C, Gallo LC, Wen J, Dudley KA, Wallace DM, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sotres-Alvarez D, Zee PC, Ramos AR, Petrov ME, Casement MD, Hall MH, Redline S, Patel SR. Employment status and the association of sociocultural stress with sleep in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). Sleep 2019; 42:zsz002. [PMID: 30649533 PMCID: PMC6448284 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES We examined the association of sociocultural stress severity (i.e. acculturation stress, ethnic discrimination) and chronic stress burden with multiple dimensions of sleep in a population-based sample of US Hispanics/Latinos. We also explored whether employment status modified stress-sleep associations. METHODS We conducted survey linear regressions to test the cross-sectional association of sociocultural stress severity and stress burden with sleep dimensions using data collected between 2010 and 2013 from individuals who participated in both the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Sueño and Sociocultural Ancillary studies (N = 1192). RESULTS Greater acculturation stress (B = 0.75, standard error [SE] = 0.26, p < .01) and chronic psychosocial stress burden (B = 1.04, SE = 0.18, p < .001) were associated with greater insomnia symptoms but were not associated with actigraphic measures of sleep. Ethnic discrimination was not associated with any of the sleep dimensions. The association of acculturation stress with insomnia severity was greater in unemployed (B = 2.06, SE = 0.34) compared to employed (B = 1.01, SE = 0.31) participants (p-interaction = .08). CONCLUSIONS Acculturation stress severity and chronic stress burden are important and consistent correlates of insomnia, but not actigraphically measured sleep dimensions. If replicated, future research should test whether interventions targeting the resolution of sociocultural stress improve sleep quality in Hispanics/Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Jia Wen
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Katherine A Dudley
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA
| | - Douglas M Wallace
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | | | - Daniela Sotres-Alvarez
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill-Gillins School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Phyllis C Zee
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Alberto R Ramos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Megan E Petrov
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Susan Redline
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sanjay R Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
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Molina KM, Estrella ML, Durazo-Arvizu R, Malcarne VL, Llabre MM, Isasi CR, Ornelas IJ, Perreira KM, Penedo FJ, Brondolo E, Gallo L, Daviglus ML. Perceived discrimination and physical health-related quality of life: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Soc Sci Med 2019; 222:91-100. [PMID: 30623798 PMCID: PMC6377306 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The aim of this study was to examine the direct associations of perceived personal and group discrimination with physical health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among Latinx adults. We also tested whether ethnic identity and depression symptoms sequentially mediate these associations. METHOD This population-based study included 5313 Latinx adults, ages 18-74 years, from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (2008-11) and its Sociocultural Ancillary Study (2010-11). Participants were recruited from the Bronx; NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; and San Diego, CA. Self-reported perceived personal and group discrimination, ethnic identity, depression symptoms, and physical HRQoL were ascertained through interviewer-administered surveys. Survey-weighted path analysis was used to examine direct and indirect effects simultaneously in one analytic model controlling for demographic covariates. RESULTS Path analysis indicated that higher perceived personal discrimination was directly associated with poorer physical HRQoL and this association was only mediated by depression symptoms. In contrast, perceived group discrimination was not directly associated with physical HRQoL. However, each of the direct paths linking perceived group discrimination to physical HRQoL were statistically significant: perceived group discrimination was positively associated with ethnic identity, and ethnic identity was negatively associated with depression symptoms, and, in turn, depression symptoms were negatively associated with physical HRQoL. Our model accounted for 18% of the variance of physical HRQoL. CONCLUSIONS Perceived personal and group discrimination are differently associated with physical HRQoL. Results highlight the importance of considering self-perceptions of different discrimination forms when evaluating its impact on the physical HRQoL of Latinx adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Molina
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Mayra L Estrella
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Vanessa L Malcarne
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Maria M Llabre
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - India J Ornelas
- Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Krista M Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Frank J Penedo
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Psychology & Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Linda Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Tamez M, Ríos-Bedoya CF, Rodríguez-Orengo JF, Tucker KL, Mattei J. Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors, and Health Conditions of Dominican Adults Living in Puerto Rico. J Immigr Minor Health 2019; 20:1085-1093. [PMID: 28808807 DOI: 10.1007/s10903-017-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Dominicans are the largest migrant community in Puerto Rico, yet understudied. We compared risk factors and health conditions of Dominicans versus Puerto Ricans (PRs). Cross-sectional survey of Dominicans (n = 55) and PRs (n = 310) aged 30-75 years, assessed with validated questionnaires and standardized anthropometric measurements. Significantly, more Dominicans than PRs had attained <8th grade education (37.7 vs. 8.0%), reported household income ≤$10,000 (76.1 vs. 56.9%), lacked health insurance (19.6 vs. 5.5%), and reported food insecurity (24.5 vs. 12.1%). They spent fewer hours/day watching television (2.9 vs. 3.8), and were less likely to smoke (7.6 vs. 19.6%). Medically-diagnosed depression was lower among Dominicans than PRs (9.6 vs. 23.0%); questionnaire-based high depressive symptomatology was similar (47.9 vs. 52.8%). Dominicans living in Puerto Rico had more socioeconomic risk factors but healthier lifestyle behaviors and lower prevalence of medically-diagnosed depression than PRs. Tailored approaches are needed to ameliorate disparities in each ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha Tamez
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Bldg. 2, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Carlos F Ríos-Bedoya
- Fundación de Investigación de Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hurley Medical Center, Flint, MI, USA
| | - José F Rodríguez-Orengo
- Fundación de Investigación de Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras, PR, USA
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical & Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Josiemer Mattei
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Bldg. 2, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Finlayson TL, Lemus H, Becerra K, Kaste LM, Beaver SM, Salazar CR, Singer RH, Youngblood ME. Unfair Treatment and Periodontitis Among Adults in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2018; 5:1093-1106. [PMID: 29327269 PMCID: PMC6760848 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-017-0459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates how perceived unfair treatment, towards self and observed towards others due to ethnicity, is associated with periodontitis among diverse Hispanic/Latino adults, accounting for sociodemographic, health behavior, and acculturation factors. Baseline (2008-2011) dental and survey data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), a multicenter epidemiologic study, were analyzed (N = 12,750). Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios and confidence limits were estimated. Half (49%) reported never being treated unfairly, while 41% reported they were sometimes, and 10% reported it often/always. One third (32%) never saw others treated unfairly, while 42% reported it sometimes, and 26% reported it often/always. In the final fully adjusted model, the prevalence of periodontitis was higher among adults who were as follows: non-Dominican, older, male, had a past year dental visit, current and former smokers, and among those who observed unfair treatment towards others. Lower prevalence was associated with higher income, higher educational attainment, less than full-time employment, reporting experiencing unfair treatment, higher acculturation scores, and having health insurance. Perceived unfair treatment towards self was negatively associated with periodontitis prevalence, while observed unfair treatment towards others was positively associated with the outcome among diverse Hispanics/Latinos. The associations between unfair treatment and periodontitis warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Karen Becerra
- Gary and Mary West Senior Dental Center, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Richard H Singer
- Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA and Univesity of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Department of Public Health Sciences, Miami, FL, USA
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Molina KM, Estrella ML, Rivera-Olmedo N, Frisard C, Lemon S, Rosal MC. It Weigh(t)s on You: Everyday Discrimination and Adiposity Among Latinos. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1474-1480. [PMID: 30175908 PMCID: PMC6159926 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evidence suggests discrimination increases the risk of obesity. The biopsychosocial model of racism posits that psychological factors such as depressive symptoms may link experiences of perceived interpersonal discrimination to obesity. This study tested whether self-reported experiences of everyday discrimination were associated with adiposity indicators and whether depressive symptoms explained these associations. METHODS Cross-sectional survey data of 602 Latino adults living in Lawrence, Massachusetts, from the Latino Health and Well-being Project (2011-2013) were used. Participants completed questionnaires assessing perceived everyday discrimination and depressive symptoms. Anthropometric measures (i.e., BMI and waist circumference [WC]) were obtained by trained staff. Structural equation modeling was employed to test for direct and indirect effects of perceived everyday discrimination on adiposity. RESULTS Perceived everyday discrimination was directly and positively associated with higher BMI and WC, independent of sociodemographic factors, physical activity, and stressful life events. Perceived everyday discrimination was not indirectly associated with BMI and WC through depressive symptoms. However, perceived everyday discrimination was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Self-reported everyday discrimination among Latino adults is associated with adiposity. Day-to-day interpersonal discrimination may be implicated in obesity disparities for Latino adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine M Molina
- Department of Psychology, Community and Prevention Research Program, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Mayra L Estrella
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Noemi Rivera-Olmedo
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Christine Frisard
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephenie Lemon
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Milagros C Rosal
- Division of Preventive and Behavioral Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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