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Yan J, Wen W, Song J, Liu A, Lorenzo-Blanco E, Shen Y, Zhang M, Kim SY. Understanding adjustment profiles among Mexican-origin adolescents over time: A focus on cultural risk and resilience factors. Child Dev 2024. [PMID: 38818954 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This study used a three-wave longitudinal dataset to: identify adjustment profiles of U.S. Mexican-origin adolescents based on their physical, academic, and psychosocial health adjustment; track adjustment profile changes throughout adolescence; and examine the associations between cultural stressors, family obligation, and adjustment profile membership over time. Participants were 604 Mexican-origin adolescents (54% female, Mage = 12.41, SD = 0.97) in Texas (Wave 1: 2012-2015; Wave 2: 2013-2016; Wave 3: 2017-2020). Three concurrent profiles (Well-adjusted, Moderate, and Poorly-adjusted) emerged at each wave, whereas three transition profiles (Improved, Stable well-adjusted, and Overall poorly-adjusted) were identified across three waves. The results suggest that cultural stressors pose risks for Mexican-origin adolescents' adjustment, and family obligation values play a protective role in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yan
- Psychology Department, Fordham University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jiaxiu Song
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Angelina Liu
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yishan Shen
- Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Minyu Zhang
- Latino Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Sayegh CS, MacDonell KK, Iverson E, Beard B, Chang N, Vu MH, Belzer M. Randomized pilot trial of cell phone support to improve medication adherence among adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions. BMC DIGITAL HEALTH 2024; 2:13. [PMID: 39211575 PMCID: PMC11360945 DOI: 10.1186/s44247-024-00069-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Adolescents and young adults (AYA) living with chronic medical conditions often struggle to develop medication adherence skills. This pilot trial evaluated the impact of a mobile health coaching intervention, Cell Phone Support (CPS), on medication adherence. Methods Interventions in this randomized trial were CPS delivered by phone calls (CPS-C), CPS delivered by text messages (CPS-T), or automated text message reminders (ATR). Participants were AYA with different chronic medical conditions (i.e., sickle cell disease, solid organ transplant, type 2 diabetes), aged 15-20 years (N = 34). We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of each intervention. Results We examined the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of both CPS interventions. CPS was feasible and acceptable. There was evidence that participants found CPS to be more useful than ATR. In this pilot trial, participants receiving CPS reported relatively stronger increases in adherence, compared to those assigned to ATR. CPS-C slightly outperformed CPS-T. Conclusions Providing coaching to AYA struggling with illness self-management via their cell phones may promote their acquisition of medication adherence skills. Although larger studies are needed to confirm the results of this pilot study, phone calls and text messages are both promising modalities for delivering human cell phone support. Trial registration This trial was registered prospectively at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04241627) on 1/27/2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin S. Sayegh
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS#2, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Karen K. MacDonell
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, USA
| | - Ellen Iverson
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS#2, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Breaon Beard
- Division of Hematology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Nancy Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - My H. Vu
- Biostatistics Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Marvin Belzer
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS#2, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
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Schratz LM, Larkin O, Dos Santos N, Martin C. Caregiver Influences on Eating Behaviors in Children: An Opportunity for Preventing Obesity. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2023; 25:1035-1045. [PMID: 38032429 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-023-01171-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review seeks to define caregiver practices that impact childhood eating behaviors and identify ways to utilize these relationships to prevent childhood obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Childhood obesity, which correlates with adult obesity and increased cardiovascular risk, is increasing in prevalence and severity. Caregivers play a significant role in shaping a child's eating behaviors and their predisposition to obesity. Maternal influences during pregnancy and infancy impact a child's future food preferences. Caregiver feeding styles (authoritarian, authoritative, indulgent, and uninvolved) are associated with distinct effects on children's eating behaviors and self-regulation. Authoritative feeding styles promote child autonomy while setting boundaries in the feeding environment. Early caregiver education and coaching regarding nutrition and feeding practices is beneficial to establishing healthy eating behaviors for children. Various caregivers, including parents, grandparents, siblings, teachers, and others, influence a child's eating habits at different stages of development. These caregivers can both positively and negatively impact a child's diet. Comprehensive interventions involving these various caregivers to promote healthy eating practices in children is ideal. Such interventions should be sensitive to cultural and environmental factors. Childhood obesity is a complex issue with long-term health effects. Early intervention using comprehensive approaches including all caregivers, community support, and public policies to address the social determinants of health will be beneficial. Future research should focus on valid outcome measures and equitable interventions that encompass all aspects of a child's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine M Schratz
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Olivia Larkin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilse Dos Santos
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine Martin
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, 175 Cambridge Street, 5Th Floor , Boston, MA, USA
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Chen S, Kertes D, Benner A, Kim SY. Short-term cortisol adaption to discrimination and Mexican-origin adolescents' mental and sleep health. Dev Psychopathol 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37791538 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Discrimination experiences are a salient contributor to the health disparities facing Latina/x/o youth. The biopsychosocial model of minority health posits that discrimination influences health through wear and tear on the biological stress responses, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is a primary stress response system in the body. Emerging evidence suggests that discrimination alters the secretion of cortisol, the end product of the HPA axis, yet, whether the daily processes between discrimination and diurnal cortisol response influence mental and sleep health remains unanswered. This study integrated daily diary and post-diary survey data to examine whether daily diurnal cortisol responses to discrimination influence adolescents' mental (depressive symptoms, anxiety) and sleep (sleep quality, duration) health in a sample of Mexican-origin youth (N = 282; M age = 17.10; 55% female). Results showed that adolescents who experienced more discrimination across the four-day diary period exhibited steeper diurnal cortisol slopes and lower evening cortisol; however, such physiological responses tended to be associated with poorer adolescents' mental and sleep health. The current study underscores the potential adaptation cost associated with short-term cortisol adaptation in the face of discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanting Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Darlene Kertes
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aprile Benner
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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McPherson LE, Svetaz MV, Martin CL, Miller KK, Eisenberg ME. Latine Transgender/Gender Diverse Adolescents: Protective Factors Against Emotional Distress. LGBT Health 2023; 10:220-227. [PMID: 36796003 PMCID: PMC10079238 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2022.0068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Latine transgender/gender diverse (TGD) adolescents may be at increased risk of emotional distress due to structural oppression affecting their intersecting nondominant identities. Multiple protective factors may buffer emotional distress among Latine TGD adolescents. We studied how these protective factors relate to emotional distress, comparing Latine with non-Latine TGD students. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey, which included 3861 TGD and gender questioning (GQ) youth (10.9% Latine) in grades 8, 9, and 11 across Minnesota. We used multiple logistic regression with interaction terms to examine associations between protective factors (school connectedness, family connectedness, and internal assets) and emotional distress (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempt) between Latine TGD/GQ students and non-Latine TGD/GQ students. Results: There was a significantly higher rate of suicide attempts in Latine TGD/GQ students (36.2%) compared with non-Latine TGD/GQ students (26.3%, χ2 = 15.53, p < 0.001). In unadjusted models, school connectedness, family connectedness, and internal assets were associated with lower odds of all five indicators of emotional distress. In fully adjusted models, family connectedness and internal assets remained associated with significantly lower odds of all five indicators of emotional distress; these protective associations were similar across all TGD/GQ students regardless of Latine identity. Conclusion: Higher rates of suicide attempts in Latine TGD/GQ youth emphasize the need to better understand protective factors in youth with multiple nondominant social identities and identify programming that supports well-being. Family connectedness and internal assets can protect against emotional distress among both Latine and non-Latine TGD/GQ youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E. McPherson
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Maria Veronica Svetaz
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
- Aqui Para Ti/Here For You Clinic, Whittier Clinic, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kathleen K. Miller
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Rosales R, Sellers CM, Lee CS, Santos B, O'Brien K, Colby SM. Examining Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Association of Victimization and Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors with Alcohol Use Among Sexual Minority Youth. LGBT Health 2023; 10:109-120. [PMID: 36044041 PMCID: PMC9986026 DOI: 10.1089/lgbt.2021.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Integrating Minority Stress Theory and Bagge and Sher's Theoretical Framework of the Alcohol-Suicide Attempt Relation, this study aimed to test whether experiencing both minority stress and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) had a greater strength of association with Latinx and Black sexual minority youth (SMY)'s alcohol use compared with that of White SMY. Methods: Using data on 2341 non-Latinx Black, Latinx, and non-Latinx White SMY from the 2015 and 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Surveys, we tested the prevalence of STBs, victimization, and alcohol use for Black and Latinx participants compared with White participants. Multivariate logistic regression analyses tested the main effects of STBs, victimization, and race/ethnicity on alcohol use. Finally, interaction terms assessed the interaction among STBs, victimization, and race/ethnicity on alcohol use. Results: The results supported our hypothesis, based on Minority Stress Theory, that experiencing victimization would be associated with greater alcohol use. Results also supported Bagge and Sher's theoretical framework showing that suicide plan and attempts were associated with greater alcohol use. When taking all of these stressors into account, results showed that Latinx SMY who experienced victimization had greater current prevalence of alcohol use than their White counterparts. However, Latinx SMY who were victimized and experienced suicidal ideation reported lower alcohol use than White SMY. Conclusion: These findings support the double jeopardy and resiliency hypotheses, which suggest that minority stressors have differing associations for each racial/ethnic SMY group's alcohol use. More research is needed that helps to disentangle the protective and risk factors for alcohol use among Black and Latinx SMY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Rosales
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Christina M Sellers
- College of Social, Sciences, Policy, and Practice, School of Social Work, Simmons University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina S Lee
- School of Social Work, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bryan Santos
- Independent Researcher, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly O'Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Suzanne M Colby
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
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7
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Martin CL, McMorris BJ, Eisenberg ME, Sieving RE, Porta CM, Mathiason MA, Espinoza SM, Cespedes YA, Fulkerson JA. Weight Status Among Minnesota Hispanic or Latino/a Youth: An Exploration of Protective Factors. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:177-188. [PMID: 35968666 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric obesity disproportionately impacts Hispanic or Latino/a adolescents. Culturally appropriate family-based behavioral initiatives to improve weight status are warranted. The purpose of this research was to determine prevalence rates and identify protective factors associated with having overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) to inform Hispanic or Latino/a-targeted behavioral intervention development. DESIGN Secondary data analyses of a population-based statewide survey. SETTING Minnesota public high schools. PARTICIPANTS Male (n = 2,644) and female (n = 2,798) Hispanic or Latino/a 9th and 11th graders (N = 5,442). MEASURES Obesity-related behaviors (meeting fruit and vegetable [F&V] and physical activity [PA] recommendations), family caring, family country/region of origin, and weight status. ANALYSIS Stepwise logistic regression models (F&V, PA), stratified by biological sex, were used to identify protective factors of overweight/obesity. RESULTS The overall prevalence of meeting F&V and PA recommendations was 11.0% and 11.8%, respectively. Meeting F&V recommendations was not protective against overweight/obesity in either sex. Yet, males and females who met PA recommendations had significantly lower odds of having overweight/obesity (p < .05). In F&V and PA models, family caring was protective against overweight/obesity in females (p < .05), and family country/region of origin was protective against overweight/obesity in both sexes (p < .05). CONCLUSION Findings illustrate a need for obesity prevention initiatives for Hispanic or Latino/a youth. More research is needed to understand the protective nature of family caring and country/region of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie L Martin
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, 12269University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Renee E Sieving
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn M Porta
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Espinoza
- Department of Pediatrics, 12269University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jayne A Fulkerson
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Vi V, Suh BC, Lorenzo E, Martinelli S, Arriola A, Lee RE. Developing and Evaluating Newsletters for Parent Engagement in Sustainability via Active Garden Education (SAGE). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19084617. [PMID: 35457485 PMCID: PMC9025365 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity and nutrition preschool programming must involve parents in positive long-term healthy habits. This paper describes parent outreach in the Sustainability via Active Garden Education (SAGE) study. Newsletters were sent home with children to promote family opportunities to increase physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. The content was generated via a community advisory board participatory process. Messages linked SAGE curriculum topics with home and community activities. Parents rated frequency of receipt, helpfulness, satisfaction, and use of content. Most participants were Hispanic (>78%) and women (>95%). Most reported receiving newsletters; nearly all reported that they were helpful. Favorite newsletter components included recipes, pictures of their children and seasonal produce spotlights. Most reported doing physical activities from the newsletters (51.9%). Few reported doing featured physical activity (8.9%) and fruit and vegetable (12.7%) community activities. Newsletter outreach methods are a simple strategy to add value to preschool-based interventions promoting healthy families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinny Vi
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (V.V.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Bin C. Suh
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA; (V.V.); (B.C.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Lorenzo
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX 77555, USA;
| | - Sarah Martinelli
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA;
| | - Anel Arriola
- Storytelling Institute, South Mountain Community College, 7050 S. 24th St., Phoenix, AZ 85042, USA;
- City of Phoenix Office of Arts and Culture, 200 W. Washington St., 10th Floor, Phoenix, AZ 85003, USA
| | - Rebecca E. Lee
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, 550 N. 3rd St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Correspondence:
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Escalante CL, Luo T, Taylor CE. The Obesity Effect of Arizona’s State Immigration Law Among Hispanic Adolescents. J Immigr Minor Health 2022; 24:853-861. [DOI: 10.1007/s10903-022-01333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Salcido A, Robles EH, Chaudhary K, Alvarado L, Iñiguez SD, Vargas-Medrano J, Diaz-Pacheco V, Villanos MT, Gadad BS, Martin SL. Association of ADHD and Obesity in Hispanic Children on the US-Mexico Border: A Retrospective Analysis. Front Integr Neurosci 2022; 15:749907. [PMID: 35069136 PMCID: PMC8766828 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2021.749907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are rising health concerns in the United States, especially among Hispanic children and adolescents. Research on Hispanic children and adolescents indicates disproportionately higher prevalence rates of obesity in this community but scant data on ADHD prevalence rates. In contrast, a plethora of research studies across the general population examines the relationship between childhood obesity and ADHD. In addition, there is a lack of research that examines the role of ethnicity and sub-ethnic group correlations in ADHD, particularly in the Hispanic population. Existing studies in the general population indicate ADHD may be a risk factor for being overweight compared to normal controls. The objective of the present study is to examine the prevalence of obesity in children with ADHD compared to children in the general population in a predominately Hispanic sample on the US-Mexico border. A total of 7,270 pediatric medical records were evaluated. The retrospective analysis included Body Mass Index (BMI) and related health variables, and ethnicity and showed that children with ADHD are more likely to be underweight. In conclusion, no significant relationship existed between obesity and ADHD among Hispanic children on the US-Mexico Border, and instead we found the opposite correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Salcido
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Eden Hernandez Robles
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Kiran Chaudhary
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Luis Alvarado
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Consulting Lab, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Sergio D. Iñiguez
- Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Javier Vargas-Medrano
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Valeria Diaz-Pacheco
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Maria Theresa Villanos
- Department of Pediatrics, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Bharathi S. Gadad
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX, United States
- Bharathi S. Gadad,
| | - Sarah L. Martin
- Department of Psychiatry, Paul L Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Sarah L. Martin,
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Deardorff J, Reeves JW, Hyland C, Tilles S, Rauch S, Kogut K, Greenspan LC, Shirtcliff E, Lustig RH, Eskenazi B, Harley K. Childhood Overweight and Obesity and Pubertal Onset Among Mexican-American Boys and Girls in the CHAMACOS Longitudinal Study. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:7-16. [PMID: 33831178 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwab100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Secular trends in earlier initiation of puberty have been observed in recent decades. One risk factor appears to be increases in adiposity, as measured by body mass index. This trend is particularly notable among Latino populations, who have higher rates of overweight/obesity compared with non-Latino White youth. Previous research has focused primarily on White girls, resulting in data gaps regarding male puberty and among potentially high-risk populations. Using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, we examined body mass index at age 5 years (2005-2006) and multiple markers of pubertal onset, assessed repeatedly and longitudinally at 7 in-person visits, starting at age 9 and continuing through age 14 (2009-2015), among 336 Mexican Americans in Salinas, California. We observed no associations among boys, but found significantly earlier thelarche in overweight (HR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.7) and obese girls (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0, 2.4), menarche in overweight girls (HR = 1.6; CI: 1.0, 2.4), and pubarche in obese girls (HR = 1.9; CI: 1.2, 3.0), compared with normal-weight girls. This study examined an understudied population and included key covariates, such as birth weight and early adverse events, which are typically omitted in studies.
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Self-regulatory processes in early childhood as predictors of Hispanic children's BMI z-scores during the elementary school years: Differences by acculturation and gender. Appetite 2021; 168:105778. [PMID: 34715245 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, longitudinal research has shown that children's general, top-down self-regulation during early childhood is negatively associated with children's weight status in elementary school. The samples in these previous studies have been primarily White, and no study to date has examined this issue in a sample of Hispanic children from low-income families-a population at high risk for childhood obesity. The present study followed 130 Hispanic children over a time period of three to just under five years, examining the degree to which multiple measures of general, top-down self-regulation, along with a measure of appetite regulation (eating in the absence of hunger), predicted children's BMI z-scores in the early elementary school years. Results showed that children's ability to delay gratification in the preschool years was negatively associated with later BMI z-scores and that children's eating in the absence of hunger was positively associated. In separate models by gender, these relationships were significant only for girls. Moreover, analyses run separately for children of mothers low or high on acculturation showed that the relationship between delay of gratification and later BMI z-scores was significant only for children whose mothers were low on acculturation. Possible socialization and environmental factors contributing to these findings are considered.
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A pilot study of a school lunchroom intervention in a predominately Latinx sample. Contemp Clin Trials 2021; 111:106599. [PMID: 34688916 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2021.106599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of an environmental school lunchroom intervention ('Smarter Lunchrooms') and test initial efficacy within a predominately Latinx population. DESIGN We collected baseline and intervention lunchroom food consumption and waste data in a pre-post, single group design. Meal consumption data was analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research software to obtain estimates of nutritional content. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Feasibility. SECONDARY MEASURES Plate Waste, Nutrient Intake. RESULTS Participants were 88 1st-4th graders (51% female; 77% Latinx). Our recruitment rate was 45%, we were able to implement 8 Smarter Lunchroom strategies, and we were able to collect 82 baseline plate photos (93%) and 80 intervention photos (90%) of school lunches. On average, students threw away more than half of their meals on both days. Fruit consumption and fiber per 1000 kcal were significantly poorer at intervention compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight challenges in collecting consumption data in a real-world setting. We describe directions for future research taking into consideration our "lessons learned" from this formative work.
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Distinct trajectories of depression symptoms in early and middle adolescence: Preliminary evidence from longitudinal network analysis. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 142:198-203. [PMID: 34365068 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent depression is a clinically relevant concern that has major implications for mental and physical health. The trajectory of depressive symptoms among adolescents suggests that there is likely variability throughout this developmental period. The aim of the study was to assess the longitudinal relationship between individual symptoms of depression among early and middle adolescents to provide guidance for future research investigating targeted intervention efforts. Data were extracted from electronic medical records (2015-2017) from a pediatric primary care clinic in an urban setting. Cross-Lagged Panel Network analysis was used to evaluate symptoms of depression measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) measured twice over a 1-year period among early adolescents (ages 11-13 years; n = 309) and middle adolescents (ages 14-16 years; n = 255). The sample was predominantly Hispanic (90%) and 56% female. The analyses highlighted key differences and similarities between early and middle adolescence, largely focused on the role of suicidal ideation and tightly linked with feelings of failure and appetitive disturbance. In early adolescence suicidal ideation was highly likely to lead to other symptoms. In middle adolescence, however, suicidal ideation no longer had connections to other symptoms and instead the strongest connections were toward suicidal ideation. Interestingly, across both early and middle adolescence feelings of failure and appetitive disturbance were highly likely to lead to suicidal ideation. These exploratory findings highlight several longitudinal associations between early and middle adolescence that provide insight into differences and similarities regarding how symptoms might progress within those developmental periods. Taken together these results can provide direction for future research to evaluate brief, targeted interventions for adolescents.
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15
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Polk S, Leifheit KM, Brandt AJ, DeCamp LR. Comparing Healthcare Utilization and Diagnoses in Immigrant Versus Nonimmigrant Youth. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2021; 20:98-106. [PMID: 34355584 DOI: 10.1177/15404153211036985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To inform efforts to provide healthcare to uninsurable, immigrant youth, we describe The Access Partnership (TAP) hospital-based charity care program and compare healthcare utilization and diagnoses among TAP and Medicaid patients. METHODS We use propensity scores to match each TAP patient to three Medicaid patients receiving care at a pediatric clinic from October 2010 to June 2015 on demographic characteristics. We use descriptive statistics to compare healthcare visits and diagnoses. RESULTS TAP (n = 78) and Medicaid patients (n = 234) had similar healthcare utilization, though Medicaid patients had more outpatient visits (10.8 vs. 7.7, p = .002), and TAP patients were more likely to have ever received subspecialty care (38.5% vs. 22.2%, p = .005). Diagnoses were similar between groups, with some exceptions: TAP patients more likely to present with genital and reproductive disease (33.3% vs. 19.7%, p = .013); Medicaid patients more likely to present with endocrine, metabolic, and nutritional disease (52.1% vs. 28.2%, p < .001), psychiatric, behavioral disease, and substance abuse (41.0, 26.9%, p = .026). CONCLUSIONS TAP patients had similar healthcare utilization and diagnoses to matched sample of Medicaid patients. Findings indicate policy proposals that extend public health insurance to all children would likely benefit immigrant children and not incur higher costs than those of low-income U.S. citizen children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Polk
- Department of Pediatrics, 1500Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn M Leifheit
- Department of Pediatrics, 1500Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Health Policy and Management, Fielding School of Public Health, 25808University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amelia J Brandt
- Department of Pediatrics, 1500Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Ross DeCamp
- Department of Pediatrics, 1500Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,ACCORDS (Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science), Children's Hospital Colorado, 129263University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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16
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Rojas LM, Sanchez M, Westrick A, Vazquez V, Cano MA, De La Rosa MR. Socio-Cultural Subgroups of Latina/o Immigrants: A Latent Profile Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INTERCULTURAL RELATIONS : IJIR 2021; 82:185-196. [PMID: 33967359 PMCID: PMC8098717 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijintrel.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Socio-cultural factors, such as familismo, social support, machismo, and multigroup ethnic identity, are strongly associated with Latina/o immigrants' alcohol misuse and depressive symptoms. However, research has rarely explored whether unobserved groups of Latina/o immigrants with similar socio-cultural factors exist. Latent Profile analysis can illuminate which subgroups to target, or which socio-cultural factors need to be supported, to have an impact on the prevention and treatment of alcohol use and/or depression in the Latina/o immigrant population. Cross sectional data from on ongoing longitudinal investigation was utilized (N= 518 Latina/o adults living in Miami-Dade County, Florida and have immigrated to the US within one year prior to assessment). Latent Profile Analyses (LPA) were conducted utilizing validated measures of familismo, social support, neighborhood collective efficacy, ethnic identity, machismo, caballerismo, and marianismo. The LPA revealed three, significantly different profiles: (1) low socio-cultural protection (n=155, 29.98%), (2) high socio-cultural protection (n=21, 4.06%), and (3) high socio-, low-cultural protection (n=341, 65.96%). Profile membership was associated significantly with immigrant documentation status, education level, and past family history of substance use. Results indicate that Latina/o immigrants in the low socio-cultural protection group had significantly higher alcohol use compared to high socio-, low cultural protection group. No significant differences were found for depressive symptoms. We discuss implications of our findings and encourage researchers to continue to unpack the complexities associated with socio-cultural factors and Latina/o mental and behavioral health. Specifically, research should focus on socio-cultural factors can provide protection from negative health outcomes and increase resiliency among this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes M. Rojas
- 1575 San Ignacio Ave, Penthouse, Coral Gables, Florida, 33146, Center for Advanced Analytics, Baptist Health South Florida
| | - Mariana Sanchez
- 11200 SW 8 Street, AHC5-423, Miami, Florida, 33199, Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA)
| | - Ashly Westrick
- 11200 SW 8 Street, AHC5-423, Miami, Florida, 33199, Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA)
| | - Vicky Vazquez
- 11200 SW 8 Street, AHC5-423, Miami, Florida, 33199, Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA)
| | - Miguel A. Cano
- 11200 SW 8 Street, AHC5-423, Miami, Florida, 33199, Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA)
| | - Mario R. De La Rosa
- 11200 SW 8 Street, AHC5-423, Miami, Florida, 33199, Florida International University, Center for Research on US Latino HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse (CRUSADA)
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17
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LeCroy MN, Kim RS, Stevens J, Hanna DB, Isasi CR. Identifying Key Determinants of Childhood Obesity: A Narrative Review of Machine Learning Studies. Child Obes 2021; 17:153-159. [PMID: 33661719 PMCID: PMC8418446 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2020.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Machine learning is a class of algorithms able to handle a large number of predictors with potentially nonlinear relationships. By applying machine learning to obesity, researchers can examine how risk factors across multiple settings (e.g., school and home) interact to best predict childhood obesity risk. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of studies that have applied machine learning to predict childhood obesity using a combination of sociodemographic and behavioral risk factors. The objective is to summarize the key determinants of obesity identified in existing machine learning studies and highlight opportunities for future machine learning applications in the field. Of 15 peer-reviewed studies, approximately half examined early childhood (0-24 months of age) determinants. These studies identified child's weight history (e.g., history of overweight/obesity or large increases in weight-related measures between birth and 24 months of age) and parental overweight/obesity (current or prior) as key risk factors, whereas the remaining studies indicated that social factors and physical inactivity were important in middle childhood and late childhood/adolescence. Across age groups, findings suggested that race/ethnic-specific models may be needed to accurately predict obesity from middle childhood onward. Future studies should consider using existing large data sets to take advantage of the benefits of machine learning and should collect a wider range of novel risk factors (e.g., psychosocial and sociocultural determinants of health) to better predict childhood obesity. Ultimately, such research can aid in the development of effective obesity prevention interventions, particularly ones that address the disproportionate burden of obesity experienced by racial/ethnic minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N. LeCroy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Address correspondence to: Madison N. LeCroy, PhD, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ryung S. Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - June Stevens
- Department of Nutrition and Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David B. Hanna
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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18
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DeCamp LR, Acosta J, Bou Delgado L, Guerrero Vazquez M, Polk S. Community partnerships in emerging immigrant communities: Lessons learned addressing Latino childhood weight disparities. Public Health Nurs 2021; 38:288-295. [PMID: 33586139 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Latino children have disproportionately high childhood obesity rates, and U.S.-born Latino children of immigrant parents experience higher overweight/obesity rates than other Latino children. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) to engage Latino immigrant families and Latino-serving community organizations is one mechanism to address the lack of effective and practical interventions addressing childhood obesity disparities among Latino children. We present lessons learned from applying CBPR methods to a partnership focused on developing a child obesity treatment program for Latino immigrant families in an emerging Latino immigrant destination to inform the use of CBPR methods in other partnerships in emerging immigrant communities. We encountered challenges working within the partnership related to entrenched sociopolitical hierarchies that were not inclusive of immigrant community leaders, capacity building for partners with limited literacy and administrative experience, and how best to use complementary methods and frameworks to support a community-engaged research process. This work is one way to promote shared learning among the community of researchers using CBPR and other engagement methods to partner with emerging immigrant communities. Together with our community partners, we can identify strategies to more effectively partner to promote health equity and work toward social justice for all members of our communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Ross DeCamp
- ACCORDS (Adult and Child Consortium for Health Outcomes Research and Delivery Science), Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Latino Research and Policy Center, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer Acosta
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Salud/Health and Opportunity for Latinos, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura Bou Delgado
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Salud/Health and Opportunity for Latinos, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Monica Guerrero Vazquez
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Salud/Health and Opportunity for Latinos, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah Polk
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Center for Salud/Health and Opportunity for Latinos, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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19
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LeCroy MN, Strizich GM, Gallo LC, Perreira KP, Ayala GX, Carnethon MR, Delamater AM, Gonzalez JS, Arredondo EM, Pulgaron ER, Isasi CR. The Association of the Parent-Child Language Acculturation Gap with Obesity and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic/Latino Youth: Results from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth). Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:734-745. [PMID: 33449084 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hispanic/Latino youth are disproportionately burdened by obesity and have a high prevalence of prediabetes and dyslipidemia. Differences in parent and child acculturation related to language use and preference (i.e., language acculturation) are associated with adverse cardiometabolic health behaviors, but no study has examined associations with cardiometabolic markers. PURPOSE To determine whether discordance in parent-child language acculturation (parent-child acculturation gap) was associated with poor youth cardiometabolic health. METHODS Hispanic/Latino 8-16-year-olds (n = 1,466) and parents from the Hispanic Community Children's Health Study/Study of Latino Youth (SOL Youth) were examined. Mean scores for the Brief ARSMA-II's Anglo (AOS) and Latino (LOS) Orientation Scales represented language acculturation. Cardiometabolic markers included youth body mass index (BMI) percentile, blood pressure percentiles, and dysglycemia and hyperlipidemia measures. Missing data were imputed. Survey-weighted multivariable linear regression examined the association of youth, parent, and youth × parent (the acculturation gap) AOS and LOS scores separately with each cardiometabolic marker. RESULTS Youth reported greater English and lower Spanish use than parents. Greater discordance in AOS scores was associated with elevated BMI percentile only (p-for-interaction < .01). The LOS acculturation gap was not associated with any outcome. Adjustment for acculturative stress, family functioning and closeness, parenting style, and youth's diet and physical activity did not alter findings. Removal of nonsignificant acculturation gaps did not indicate an association between individual youth or parent AOS or LOS scores and any cardiometabolic marker. CONCLUSIONS Discordance in Hispanic/Latino parent-child dyads' English use may relate to increased risk for childhood obesity. Future studies should identify mediators of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison N LeCroy
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Krista P Perreira
- Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Guadalupe X Ayala
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Alan M Delamater
- Mailman Center for Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Jeffrey S Gonzalez
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY.,Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY
| | - Elva M Arredondo
- Division of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science, School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Elizabeth R Pulgaron
- Mailman Center for Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
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20
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Luo T, Escalante CL. Stringent immigration enforcement and the mental health and health-risk behaviors of Hispanic adolescent students in Arizona. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2021; 30:86-103. [PMID: 33085153 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of the enforcement of SB 1070, a stringent immigration law, on the mental health, health-risk behaviors, and academic performance of Hispanic adolescent residents in Arizona. Using the difference-in-differences method, this study finds that SB 1070 increases their probability of feeling sad and decreases their physical activeness. The impact of SB 1070 on sad feelings and level of physical activity could have serious repercussions while it lasts. In addition, obese male Hispanic adolescents are more likely than their female or non-obese counterparts to develop mental health problems and engage in health-risk behaviors attributable to the stringent immigration policy. This study's empirical evidence on adverse mental health repercussions for Hispanic adolescents of state-level immigration enforcement suggests the need to be careful in formulating and implementing immigration policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Luo
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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21
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Patterns of Sedentary Time in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Youth. J Phys Act Health 2020; 18:61-69. [PMID: 33361472 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2020-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total sedentary time and prolonged sedentary patterns can negatively impact health. This study investigated rates of various sedentary pattern variables in Hispanic/Latino youth. METHODS Participants were 956 youths (50.9% female) in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos Youth, a population-based cohort study of Hispanic/Latino 8- to 16-year-olds from 4 geographic regions in the United States (2012-2014). Total sedentary time and 10 sedentary pattern variables were measured through 1 week of accelerometer wear. Differences were examined by sociodemographic characteristics, geographic location, weekdays versus weekends, and season. RESULTS On average, youth were sedentary during 67.3% of their accelerometer wear time, spent 24.2% engaged in 10- to 29-minute sedentary bouts, and 7.2% in ≥60-minute bouts. 8- to 12-year-olds had more favorable sedentary patterns (less time in extended bouts and more breaks) than 13- to 16-year-olds across all sedentary variables. Sedentary patterns also differed by Hispanic/Latino background, with few differences across sex, household income, season, and place of birth, and none between weekdays versus weekends. CONCLUSIONS Variables representing prolonged sedentary time were high among Hispanic/Latino youth. Adolescents in this group appear to be at especially high risk for unhealthy sedentary patterns. Population-based efforts are needed to prevent youth from engaging in increasingly prolonged sedentary patterns.
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22
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Active Commute to School, Physical Activity and Health of Hispanic High School Students in the United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1108/s2044-994120200000012011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
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Tamayo MC, Dobbs PD, Pincu Y. Family-Centered Interventions for Treatment and Prevention of Childhood Obesity in Hispanic Families: A Systematic Review. J Community Health 2020; 46:635-643. [DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00897-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Ghosh T, Richardson M, Gordon PM, Ryder JR, Spector LG, Turcotte LM. Body mass index associated with childhood and adolescent high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk: A Children's Oncology Group report. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6825-6835. [PMID: 32706183 PMCID: PMC7520304 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for many adulthood cancers, but its role in childhood, adolescent, and young adult (AYA) cancer is unknown. Childhood and AYA acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) incidence and obesity prevalence have shown concurrent increases. We sought to identify whether obesity may be a risk factor for childhood and AYA ALL. METHODS Characteristics from individuals with ALL, aged 2-30 years, diagnosed 2004-2017 and treated on Children's Oncology Group (COG) protocols with available pre-treatment anthropometric data (N = 4726) were compared to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey controls (COG AALL17D2). Body mass index (BMI) was defined using standard CDC definitions. Multivariate conditional logistic regression assessed associations between BMI and ALL with additional analyses stratified by sex and race/ethnicity. RESULTS Among cases (72% high-risk (HR) B-ALL, 28% T-ALL), 5% had underweight, 58% normal weight, 17% overweight, and 20% obesity. Underweight (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.56-2.85) and obesity (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15-1.53) were associated with B-ALL diagnosis. Specifically, obesity was associated with B-ALL among males (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.30-1.91) and Hispanic children (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.39-2.29). Obesity was also associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement. CONCLUSION Pre-treatment obesity is associated with HR B-ALL among males and Hispanics, as well as with CNS involvement, suggesting common physiology between obesity and leukemogenesis. An association between underweight and ALL was confirmed, likely due to cancer-associated wasting. These results have important public health implications for obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents to reduce cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taumoha Ghosh
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michaela Richardson
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter M Gordon
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Justin R Ryder
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Logan G Spector
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lucie M Turcotte
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Johnson DA, Reid M, Vu THT, Gallo LC, Daviglus ML, Isasi CR, Redline S, Carnethon M. Associations of sleep duration and social jetlag with cardiometabolic risk factors in the study of Latino youth. Sleep Health 2020; 6:563-569. [PMID: 32335037 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated associations of sleep duration and social jetlag with cardiometabolic outcomes. PARTICIPANTS Boys and girls aged 8-16 years from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth. MEASUREMENTS Participants (n = 1,208) completed a clinical examination where anthropometric characteristics, health behaviors, and health history were measured. Sleep duration was calculated as the weighted average of self-reported weekday and weekend bedtimes and wake times and categorized into age-specific cutoffs for short vs. normal sleep. "Social jetlag" was defined as the absolute difference in the midpoint of the sleep period between weekdays and weekends, measured continuously and dichotomized (≥2 hours), with higher values indicating more displacement of sleep timing across the week. Regression models tested the associations between sleep measures (separately) and cardiometabolic outcomes (e.g., healthy eating index [0-100], physical activity-minutes per week, obesity, diabetes, hypertension) after adjustment for covariates. RESULTS The average sleep duration was 9.5 hours (95% confidence interval: 9.3, 9.6) and the mean social jetlag was 2.5 (2.4, 2.7) hours. Participants with social jetlag reported more physical activity (β = 34.8 [13.14], P < .01), had a higher healthy eating index (β = 1.77 [0.87], P < .05] and lower odds of being overweight [OR = 0.66, (95% confidence interval 0.44, 0.99)]. Short sleep duration was associated with less physical activity but did not relate to other cardiometabolic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Social jetlag was associated with healthier behaviors and a lower odds of being overweight. Given these mixed findings, future research should further evaluate how to best characterize sleep timing differences in youth to identify health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayna A Johnson
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
| | - Michelle Reid
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Thanh-Huyen T Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Linda C Gallo
- Department of Psychology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Martha L Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Carmen R Isasi
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mercedes Carnethon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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McFarren H, Vazquez C, Jacobs EA, Dela Tejera G, Gray M. Understanding feeding practices of Latinx mothers of infants and toddlers at risk for childhood obesity: A qualitative study. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16:e12983. [PMID: 32141225 PMCID: PMC7296808 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Infancy and toddlerhood are critical stages for the development of habits that can lead to future obesity, and caregivers have an important influence on these habits. We conducted this qualitative semistructured interview study to explore the feeding practices of Latinx mothers of young children who are at risk for childhood obesity in order to identify targets for obesity prevention. We interviewed Latinx mothers (N = 14) of a child ages 6–18 months with a weight‐for‐length ratio > 85th percentile at the time of recruitment. Two researchers independently read through the interviews, identified sections of the interviews pertaining to feeding, and used constant comparative methods to identify the following common themes: mothers overwhelmingly reported permissive feeding styles, driving overfeeding and frequent night‐time feeding. Mothers expressed some difficulty with transitioning to solid foods and reported desiring to feed their child healthy foods by minimizing juice and giving vegetables. Paediatricians and WIC staff were viewed by mothers as trustworthy sources of nutrition information. Most identified a connection between their child's weight and diet, but many lacked the insight or capacity to change their current practices. The mothers in our study provide insight into factors that may predispose young children to obesity and thus potential avenues to support these families. Healthcare providers can better serve them by giving clear, actionable advice on healthy feeding practices for their child, while understanding constraints that may make healthy habits difficult to implement. Paediatricians should be honest about their child's weight status early on to allow time for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah McFarren
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Christian Vazquez
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | | | | | - Megan Gray
- Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
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27
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O'Gara JL, Calzada EJ. Father-figure Presence and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in Mexican and Dominican American Children. JOURNAL OF ETHNIC & CULTURAL DIVERSITY IN SOCIAL WORK 2020; 30:364-381. [PMID: 34531705 PMCID: PMC8439564 DOI: 10.1080/15313204.2020.1730287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined whether various types of father-figure presence in Mexican (n = 414)- and Dominican- American (n = 336) households measured at baseline predicted child mental health functioning one year later. Results of linear regression analyses showed that the impact of household structure on child functioning was significant and differed by ethnicity. For Mexican-American children, residing with a step-father or other adult male predicted increased externalizing problems compared to children residing their biological father. For Dominican-American children, residing with no father figure predicted increased externalizing problems compared to children residing with a biological father. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
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28
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Garcia ML, Crespo NC, Behar AI, Talavera GA, Campbell N, Shadron LM, Elder JP. Examining Mexican-Heritage Mothers' Perceptions of Their Children's Weight: Comparison of Silhouette and Categorical Survey Methods. Child Obes 2020; 16:44-52. [PMID: 31556701 PMCID: PMC6931916 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Background: Failure to recognize children's overweight status by parents may contribute to children's risk for obesity. We examined two methods of measuring mothers' perceptions of children's weight and factors associated with weight perception inaccuracy. Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of clinical and self-report data from 287 Mexican-heritage mother-child dyads. Mothers identified their child's weight category using a scale (e.g., "normal/overweight/obese") and a visual silhouette scale (11 child gender-specific weight-varying images). Children's height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Chi-square tests examined associations between categorical, silhouette, and BMI percentile categories of children's weight. Bivariate logistic regression analyses examined factors associated with mothers' inaccuracy of their children's weight. Results: Only 13% of mothers accurately classified their child as obese using the categorical scale, while 78% accurately classified their child as obese using the silhouette scale. Mothers were more likely to underestimate their child's weight using BMI categories (62%) compared to using the silhouette scale (23%). Predictors of mothers' underestimation using the categorical method were child sex [female] (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.99; 95% CI: 1.02-3.86), child age [younger age] (AOR = 10.39; 95% CI: 4.16-25.92 for ages 5-6 years), and mother's weight status (overweight AOR = 2.99; 95% CI: 1.05-8.51; obese AOR = 5.19; 95% CI: 1.89-14.18). Child BMI was the only predictor of mothers' overestimation (AOR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85-0.94) using the silhouette method. Conclusions: Using silhouette scales to identify children's body weight may be a more accurate tool for clinicians and interventionists to activate parents' awareness of unhealthy weight in children compared to using traditional categorical weight-labeling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melawhy L. Garcia
- Department of Health Science, Center for Latino Community Health, Evaluation, and Leadership Training, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.,Address correspondence to: Melawhy L. Garcia, MPH, PhD, Department of Health Science, California State University Long Beach, 1250 Bellflower Boulevard, HHS2-115, Long Beach, CA 90840
| | - Noe C. Crespo
- School of Public Health, Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Alma I. Behar
- School of Public Health, Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Gregory A. Talavera
- Department of Psychology, South Bay Latino Research Center, San Diego State University, Chula Vista, CA
| | - Nadia Campbell
- Sponsored Research Administration, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - Lisa M. Shadron
- Sponsored Research Administration, San Diego State University Research Foundation, San Diego, CA
| | - John P. Elder
- School of Public Health, Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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29
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Langerman SD, Badolato GM, Rucker A, Jarvis L, Patel SJ, Goyal MK. Acceptability of Adolescent Social and Behavioral Health Screening in the Emergency Department. J Adolesc Health 2019; 65:543-548. [PMID: 31377163 PMCID: PMC6764595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends routine screening for social and behavioral health risks (SBHR) in adolescents. Because adolescents who seek care in emergency departments (EDs) may have riskier behaviors than adolescents who access primary care, the ED may be a strategic additional setting for screening. We sought to identify acceptable domains for comprehensive SBHR screening in a pediatric ED. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess adolescent and caregiver acceptance of ED-based SBHR screening across multiple domains. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with screening acceptance. McNemar's test was used to assess agreement within patient/caregiver dyads across domains. RESULTS Among our 516 study participants (347 adolescents and 169 caregivers), those who indicated that they "agree" or "strongly agree" that ED-based screening should be conducted were classified as finding screening acceptable. Acceptability rates ranged from 45.0% (firearm access) to 77.5% (suicidality) among adolescents and 61.5% (firearm access) to 84.0% (substance use) among caregivers. After adjusting for gender, race/ethnicity, and insurance status, adolescents were less accepting than caregivers of screening for: substance use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: .51; .31, .83; p < .01); violence (aOR: .63; .41, .97; p = .04); depression (aOR: .65; .42, .99; p = .04); human trafficking (aOR: .58; .39, .86; p < .01); and access to firearms (aOR: .47; .32, .70; p < .01). Shared agreement within adolescent/caregiver dyads ranged from 25.2% to 67.1%. CONCLUSIONS A majority of adolescents and caregivers agree that ED-based SBHR screening should be conducted across most domains. Caregivers generally had higher rates of screening acceptance than adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Langerman
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC
| | - Gia M Badolato
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Alexandra Rucker
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Lenore Jarvis
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Shilpa J Patel
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Monika K Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, The George Washington University, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC; Department of Pediatrics, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.
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30
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Lantos H, Manlove J, Wildsmith E, Faccio B, Guzman L, Moore KA. Parent-Teen Communication about Sexual and Reproductive Health: Cohort Differences by Race/Ethnicity and Nativity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:E833. [PMID: 30866486 PMCID: PMC6427285 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Parent-teen discussions about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) are associated with delayed sex and higher contraceptive use among teens. Using the National Survey of Family Growth, we conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses of different types of parent-teen SRH discussions among two cohorts of teens. We describe differences in patterns for males and females by race/ethnicity and nativity, and test for racial/ethnic interactions within each cohort. Analyses found that the prevalence of parent-teen discussions about SRH increased across cohorts. For males and females, there were increases in parent-teen discussions about condoms, and for males only, there were increases in any SRH discussions and discussions about contraception and STIs. Based on interactions, parent-teen discussions and STI discussions increased most for Hispanic females, and among Hispanics, increased most for the foreign-born. These data indicate increases in different types of parent-teen SRH discussions, particularly for males and foreign-born teens overall, and for Hispanic teen females regarding condom use. Future research should examine what factors are driving these changes, including changes in the structure of U.S. Hispanic communities and expansion of evidence-based teen pregnancy prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Lantos
- Youth Development Program Area, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1200W, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Jennifer Manlove
- Reproductive Health and Family Formation Program Area, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1200W, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Wildsmith
- Reproductive Health and Family Formation Program Area, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1200W, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Bianca Faccio
- Reproductive Health and Family Formation Program Area, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1200W, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Lina Guzman
- Reproductive Health and Family Formation Program Area, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1200W, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Kristin A Moore
- Youth Development Program Area, Child Trends, 7315 Wisconsin Ave, Suite 1200W, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
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31
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Mahmood Z, Kelsven S, Cadenhead K, Wyckoff J, Reyes-Madrigal F, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Twamley EW. Compensatory Cognitive Training for Latino Youth at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:951. [PMID: 31998163 PMCID: PMC6967834 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Early psychosocial interventions targeting cognitive and functional outcomes in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis are a research priority. An even greater need is the identification of effective interventions in underserved populations. Compensatory Cognitive Training (CCT) is a psychosocial intervention with demonstrated efficacy in chronic schizophrenia and first episode psychosis, but remains to be evaluated in pre-illness phases. The aim of this study was to describe the development and implementation of an ongoing pilot randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of group-based, manualized CCT, as compared to recreational therapy (RT), for Latino participants at clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR) in both the United States and Mexico. It is hypothesized that, in comparison to those receiving RT, participants receiving CCT will show significant improvements in neurocognitive performance and functional capacity (co-primary outcomes) and self-rated functioning and clinical symptoms (secondary outcomes). Methods: Latino CHR participants aged 12-30 years will be included in the study. Both CCT and RT will be delivered in either Spanish or English, depending on group preference. Additionally, all assessments will be administered in participants' preferred language. A comprehensive assessment of neurocognitive and functional performance and clinical symptomatology will be performed at baseline, mid-intervention (4 weeks, 8 weeks), post-intervention (12 weeks) and 3-month follow-up. The primary outcome measures are neurocognition and functional capacity, as assessed by the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research in Cognition in Schizophrenia) Consensus Cognitive Battery and the University of California, San Diego Performance-Based Skills Assessment-Brief, respectively. Furthermore, secondary outcomes measures will be used to examine change in clinical symptoms and self-reported functioning in response to CCT versus RT. Discussion: The evaluation of a novel treatment such as CCT in CHR youth will provide empirical support for a low risk, comprehensive cognitive intervention that could have important implications for public health if it improves neurocognition and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanjbeel Mahmood
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States.,Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Skylar Kelsven
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Kristin Cadenhead
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Janae Wyckoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Francisco Reyes-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico.,Neuropsychiatry Department, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elizabeth W Twamley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.,Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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32
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Meng Y, Manore MM, Schuna JM, Patton-Lopez MM, Branscum A, Wong SS. Promoting Healthy Diet, Physical Activity, and Life-Skills in High School Athletes: Results from the WAVE Ripples for Change Childhood Obesity Prevention Two-Year Intervention. Nutrients 2018; 10:E947. [PMID: 30041446 PMCID: PMC6073385 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to compare changes in diet and daily physical activity (PA) in high school (HS) soccer players who participated in either a two-year obesity prevention intervention or comparison group, while controlling for sex, race/ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Participants (n = 388; females = 58%; Latino = 38%; 15.3 ± 1.1 years, 38% National School Breakfast/Lunch Program) were assigned to either an intervention (n = 278; 9 schools) or comparison group (n = 110; 4 schools) based on geographical location. Pre/post intervention assessment of diet was done using Block Fat/Sugar/Fruit/Vegetable Screener, and daily steps was done using the Fitbit-Zip. Groups were compared over-time for mean changes (post-pre) in fruit/vegetables (FV), saturated fat (SF), added sugar, and PA (daily steps, moderate-to-vigorous PA) using analysis of covariance. The two-year intervention decreased mean added sugar intake (-12.1 g/day, CI (7.4, 16.8), p = 0.02); there were no differences in groups for FV or SF intake (p = 0.89). For both groups, PA was significantly higher in-soccer (9937 steps/day) vs. out-of-soccer season (8117 steps/day), emphasizing the contribution of organized sports to youth daily PA. At baseline, Latino youth had significantly higher added sugar intake (+14 g/day, p < 0.01) than non-Latinos. Targeting active youth in a diet/PA intervention improves diet, but out of soccer season youth need engagement to maintain PA (200).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Meng
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
| | - Melinda M Manore
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
| | - John M Schuna
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
| | - Megan M Patton-Lopez
- Division of Health and Exercise Science, Western Oregon University, 240 Richard Woodcock Education Center, 345 Monmouth Ave N., Monmouth, OR 97361, USA.
| | - Adam Branscum
- School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
| | - Siew Sun Wong
- Family and Community Health, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97330, USA.
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33
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Xanthopoulos M, Tapia IE. Obesity and common respiratory diseases in children. Paediatr Respir Rev 2017; 23:68-71. [PMID: 27838161 DOI: 10.1016/j.prrv.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has become an important public health problem worldwide that disproportionally affects the underserved. Obesity has been associated with many diseases and unfortunately has not spared the respiratory system. Specifically, the prevalence of common respiratory problems, such as asthma and obstructive sleep apnoea, is higher in obese children. Further, the treatment outcomes of these frequent conditions is also worse in obese children compared to lean controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Xanthopoulos
- Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ignacio E Tapia
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Attending Physician, Sleep Center, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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