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Morang S, Bisht M, Upadhyay V, Thapliyal S, Handu S. S1P Signaling Genes as Prominent Drivers of BCR-ABL1-Independent Imatinib Resistance and Six Herbal Compounds as Potential Drugs for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia. OMICS : A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2024; 28:367-376. [PMID: 38986084 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2024.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Imatinib (IM), a breakthrough in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment, is accompanied by discontinuation challenges owing to drug intolerance. Although BCR-ABL1 mutation is a key cause of CML resistance, understanding mechanisms independent of BCR-ABL1 is also important. This study investigated the sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) signaling-associated genes (SphK1 and S1PRs) and their role in BCR-ABL1-independent resistant CML, an area currently lacking investigation. Through comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of IM-sensitive and IM-resistant CML groups, we identified the differentially expressed genes and found a notable upregulation of SphK1, S1PR2, and S1PR5 in IM-resistant CML. Functional annotation revealed their roles in critical cellular processes such as proliferation and GPCR activity. Their network analysis uncovered significant clusters, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the S1P signaling genes. Further, we identified interactors such as BIRC3, TRAF6, and SRC genes, with potential implications for IM resistance. Additionally, receiver operator characteristic curve analysis suggested these genes' potential as biomarkers for predicting IM resistance. Network pharmacology analysis identified six herbal compounds-ampelopsin, ellagic acid, colchicine, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, cucurbitacin B, and evodin-as potential drug candidates targeting the S1P signaling genes. In summary, this study contributes to efforts to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying BCR-ABL1-independent CML resistance. Moreover, the S1P signaling genes are promising therapeutic targets and plausible new innovation avenues to combat IM resistance in cancer clinical care in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Humans
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects
- Imatinib Mesylate/pharmacology
- Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Lysophospholipids/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Female
- Sphingosine/analogs & derivatives
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikha Morang
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Manisha Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | - Vikas Upadhyay
- Department of AYUSH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
| | | | - Shailendra Handu
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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2
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Vasudevan S, Senapati S, Pendergast M, Park PSH. Aggregation of rhodopsin mutants in mouse models of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1451. [PMID: 38365903 PMCID: PMC10873427 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45748-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in rhodopsin can cause it to misfold and lead to retinal degeneration. A distinguishing feature of these mutants in vitro is that they mislocalize and aggregate. It is unclear whether or not these features contribute to retinal degeneration observed in vivo. The effect of P23H and G188R misfolding mutations were examined in a heterologous expression system and knockin mouse models, including a mouse model generated here expressing the G188R rhodopsin mutant. In vitro characterizations demonstrate that both mutants aggregate, with the G188R mutant exhibiting a more severe aggregation profile compared to the P23H mutant. The potential for rhodopsin mutants to aggregate in vivo was assessed by PROTEOSTAT, a dye that labels aggregated proteins. Both mutants mislocalize in photoreceptor cells and PROTEOSTAT staining was detected surrounding the nuclei of photoreceptor cells. The G188R mutant promotes a more severe retinal degeneration phenotype and greater PROTEOSTAT staining compared to that promoted by the P23H mutant. Here, we show that the level of PROTEOSTAT positive cells mirrors the progression and level of photoreceptor cell death, which suggests a potential role for rhodopsin aggregation in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreelakshmi Vasudevan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Subhadip Senapati
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- Prayoga Institute of Education Research, Bengaluru, KA, 560116, India
| | - Maryanne Pendergast
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Paul S-H Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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3
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Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. Exploring Patterns of Human Mortality and Aging: A Reliability Theory Viewpoint. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:341-355. [PMID: 38622100 PMCID: PMC11090256 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The most important manifestation of aging is an increased risk of death with advancing age, a mortality pattern characterized by empirical regularities known as mortality laws. We highlight three significant ones: the Gompertz law, compensation effect of mortality (CEM), and late-life mortality deceleration and describe new developments in this area. It is predicted that CEM should result in declining relative variability of mortality at older ages. The quiescent phase hypothesis of negligible actuarial aging at younger adult ages is tested and refuted by analyzing mortality of the most recent birth cohorts. To comprehend the aging mechanisms, it is crucial to explain the observed empirical mortality patterns. As an illustrative example of data-directed modeling and the insights it provides, we briefly describe two different reliability models applied to human mortality patterns. The explanation of aging using a reliability theory approach aligns with evolutionary theories of aging, including idea of chronic phenoptosis. This alignment stems from their focus on elucidating the process of organismal deterioration itself, rather than addressing the reasons why organisms are not designed for perpetual existence. This article is a part of a special issue of the journal that commemorates the legacy of the eminent Russian scientist Vladimir Petrovich Skulachev (1935-2023) and his bold ideas about evolution of biological aging and phenoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Gavrilov
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109028, Russia
| | - Natalia S Gavrilova
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109028, Russia
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DeLuca AP, Whitmore SS, Tatro NJ, Andorf JL, Faga BP, Faga LA, Colins MM, Luse MA, Fenner BJ, Stone EM, Scheetz TE. Using Goldmann Visual Field Volume to Track Disease Progression in Choroideremia. OPHTHALMOLOGY SCIENCE 2023; 3:100397. [PMID: 38025158 PMCID: PMC10630671 DOI: 10.1016/j.xops.2023.100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Choroideremia is an X-linked choroidopathy caused by pathogenic variants in the CHM gene. It is characterized by the early appearance of multiple scotomas in the peripheral visual field that spread and coalesce, usually sparing central vision until late in the disease. These features make quantitative monitoring of visual decline particularly challenging. Here, we describe a novel computational approach to convert Goldmann visual field (GVF) data into quantitative volumetric measurements. With this approach, we analyzed visual field loss in a longitudinal, retrospective cohort of patients with choroideremia. Design Single-center, retrospective, cohort study. Participants We analyzed data from 238 clinic visits of 56 molecularly-confirmed male patients with choroideremia from 41 families (range, 1-27 visits per patient). Patients had a median follow up of 4 years (range, 0-56 years) with an age range of 5 to 76 years at the time of their visits. Methods Clinical data from molecularly-confirmed patients with choroideremia, including GVF data, were included for analysis. Goldmann visual field records were traced using a tablet-based application, and the 3-dimensional hill of vision was interpolated for each trace. This procedure allowed quantification of visual field loss from data collected over decades with differing protocols, including different or incomplete isopters. Visual acuity (VA) data were collected and converted to logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution values. A delayed exponential mixed-effects model was used to evaluate the loss of visual field volume over time. Main Outcome Measures Visual acuity and GVF volume. Results The estimated mean age at disease onset was 12.6 years (standard deviation, 9.1 years; 95% quantile interval, 6.5-36.4 years). The mean field volume loss was 6.8% per year (standard deviation, 4.5%; 95% quantile interval, 1.9%-18.8%) based on exponential modeling. Field volume was more strongly correlated between eyes (r2 = 0.935) than best-corrected VA (r2 = 0.285). Conclusions Volumetric analysis of GVF data enabled quantification of peripheral visual function in patients with choroideremia and evaluation of disease progression. The methods presented here may facilitate the analysis of historical GVF data from patients with inherited retinal disease and other diseases associated with visual field loss. This work informs the creation of appropriate outcome measures in choroideremia therapeutic trials, particularly in trial designs. Financial Disclosures Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam P. DeLuca
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - S. Scott Whitmore
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Nicole J. Tatro
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Jeaneen L. Andorf
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Ben P. Faga
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Laurel A. Faga
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Malia M. Colins
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Meagan A. Luse
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Beau J. Fenner
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
- Department of Medical Retina, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Edwin M. Stone
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Todd E. Scheetz
- The University of Iowa Institute for Vision Research & Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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Li RTH, Roman AJ, Sumaroka A, Stanton CM, Swider M, Garafalo AV, Heon E, Vincent A, Wright AF, Megaw R, Aleman TS, Browning AC, Dhillon B, Cideciyan AV. Treatment Strategy With Gene Editing for Late-Onset Retinal Degeneration Caused by a Founder Variant in C1QTNF5. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:33. [PMID: 38133503 PMCID: PMC10746929 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.15.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Genome editing is an emerging group of technologies with the potential to ameliorate dominant, monogenic human diseases such as late-onset retinal degeneration (L-ORD). The goal of this study was to identify disease stages and retinal locations optimal for evaluating the efficacy of a future genome editing trial. Methods Twenty five L-ORD patients (age range, 33-77 years; median age, 59 years) harboring the founder variant S163R in C1QTNF5 were enrolled from three centers in the United Kingdom and United States. Patients were examined with widefield optical coherence tomography (OCT) and chromatic perimetry under dark-adapted and light-adapted conditions to derive phenomaps of retinal disease. Results were analyzed with a model of a shared natural history of a single delayed exponential across all subjects and all retinal locations. Results Critical age for the initiation of photoreceptor loss ranged from 48 years at the temporal paramacular retina to 74 years at the inferior midperipheral retina. Subretinal deposits (sRET-Ds) became more prevalent as critical age was approached. Subretinal pigment epithelial deposits (sRPE-Ds) were detectable in the youngest patients showing no other structural or functional abnormalities at the retina. The sRPE-D thickness continuously increased, reaching 25 µm in the extrafoveal retina and 19 µm in the fovea at critical age. Loss of light sensitivity preceded shortening of outer segments and loss of photoreceptors by more than a decade. Conclusions Retinal regions providing an ideal treatment window exist across all severity stages of L-ORD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa T. H. Li
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro J. Roman
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexander Sumaroka
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Chloe M. Stanton
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Swider
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Garafalo
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ajoy Vincent
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alan F. Wright
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Roly Megaw
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tomas S. Aleman
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Andrew C. Browning
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Baljean Dhillon
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
- Princess Alexandra Eye Pavilion, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Artur V. Cideciyan
- Center for Hereditary Retinal Degenerations, Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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6
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Kandola T, Venkatesan S, Zhang J, Lerbakken BT, Von Schulze A, Blanck JF, Wu J, Unruh JR, Berry P, Lange JJ, Box AC, Cook M, Sagui C, Halfmann R. Pathologic polyglutamine aggregation begins with a self-poisoning polymer crystal. eLife 2023; 12:RP86939. [PMID: 37921648 PMCID: PMC10624427 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A long-standing goal of amyloid research has been to characterize the structural basis of the rate-determining nucleating event. However, the ephemeral nature of nucleation has made this goal unachievable with existing biochemistry, structural biology, and computational approaches. Here, we addressed that limitation for polyglutamine (polyQ), a polypeptide sequence that causes Huntington's and other amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases when its length exceeds a characteristic threshold. To identify essential features of the polyQ amyloid nucleus, we used a direct intracellular reporter of self-association to quantify frequencies of amyloid appearance as a function of concentration, conformational templates, and rational polyQ sequence permutations. We found that nucleation of pathologically expanded polyQ involves segments of three glutamine (Q) residues at every other position. We demonstrate using molecular simulations that this pattern encodes a four-stranded steric zipper with interdigitated Q side chains. Once formed, the zipper poisoned its own growth by engaging naive polypeptides on orthogonal faces, in a fashion characteristic of polymer crystals with intramolecular nuclei. We further show that self-poisoning can be exploited to block amyloid formation, by genetically oligomerizing polyQ prior to nucleation. By uncovering the physical nature of the rate-limiting event for polyQ aggregation in cells, our findings elucidate the molecular etiology of polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Kandola
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- The Open UniversityMilton KeynesUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | | | | | | | - Jianzheng Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityUnited States
| | - Jay R Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Paula Berry
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Jeffrey J Lange
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Andrew C Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Malcolm Cook
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
| | - Celeste Sagui
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State UniversityRaleighUnited States
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical ResearchKansas CityUnited States
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7
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Díaz-Lezama N, Kajtna J, Wu J, Ayten M, Koch SF. Microglial and macroglial dynamics in a model of retinitis pigmentosa. Vision Res 2023; 210:108268. [PMID: 37295269 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2023.108268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), the characteristic photoreceptor cell death is associated with changes of microglia and macroglia cells. Gene therapy, a promising treatment option for RP, is based on the premise that glial cell remodeling does not impact vision rescue. However, the dynamics of glial cells after treatment at late disease stages are not well understood. Here, we tested the reversibility of specific RP glia phenotypes in a Pde6b-deficient RP gene therapy mouse model. We demonstrated an increased number of activated microglia, retraction of microglial processes, reactive gliosis of Müller cells, astrocyte remodelling and an upregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in response to photoreceptor degeneration. Importantly, these changes returned to normal following rod rescue at late disease stages. These results suggest that therapeutic approaches restore the homeostasis between photoreceptors and glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nundehui Díaz-Lezama
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Kajtna
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jiou Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Ayten
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne F Koch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 81377 Munich, Germany.
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8
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Kandola T, Venkatesan S, Zhang J, Lerbakken B, Schulze AV, Blanck JF, Wu J, Unruh J, Berry P, Lange JJ, Box A, Cook M, Sagui C, Halfmann R. Pathologic polyglutamine aggregation begins with a self-poisoning polymer crystal. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.20.533418. [PMID: 36993401 PMCID: PMC10055281 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.20.533418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing goal of amyloid research has been to characterize the structural basis of the rate-determining nucleating event. However, the ephemeral nature of nucleation has made this goal unachievable with existing biochemistry, structural biology, and computational approaches. Here, we addressed that limitation for polyglutamine (polyQ), a polypeptide sequence that causes Huntington's and other amyloid-associated neurodegenerative diseases when its length exceeds a characteristic threshold. To identify essential features of the polyQ amyloid nucleus, we used a direct intracellular reporter of self-association to quantify frequencies of amyloid appearance as a function of concentration, conformational templates, and rational polyQ sequence permutations. We found that nucleation of pathologically expanded polyQ involves segments of three glutamine (Q) residues at every other position. We demonstrate using molecular simulations that this pattern encodes a four-stranded steric zipper with interdigitated Q side chains. Once formed, the zipper poisoned its own growth by engaging naive polypeptides on orthogonal faces, in a fashion characteristic of polymer crystals with intramolecular nuclei. We further show that self-poisoning can be exploited to block amyloid formation, by genetically oligomerizing polyQ prior to nucleation. By uncovering the physical nature of the rate-limiting event for polyQ aggregation in cells, our findings elucidate the molecular etiology of polyQ diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Kandola
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- The Open University, Milton Keyes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | | | - Jiahui Zhang
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | | | - Alex Von Schulze
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jillian F Blanck
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jianzheng Wu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jay Unruh
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Paula Berry
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Lange
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Andrew Box
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Malcolm Cook
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Celeste Sagui
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Randal Halfmann
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Goyal S, Singh K, Uppal A, Vanita V. A nonsense mutation in C8orf37 linked with retinitis pigmentosa, early macular degeneration, cataract, and myopia in an arRP family from North India. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:210. [PMID: 37170250 PMCID: PMC10173570 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-02936-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed at identifying the underlying genetic defect in a consanguineous autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (arRP) (RP-1175) family having RP with early macular degeneration, cataract, and myopia. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed on the DNA of the proband, and variants observed were validated in the rest of the affected and unaffected family members by Sanger sequencing. Different bioinformatics tools were applied to access the pathogenicity of the observed variant. RESULTS A nonsense mutation i.e., c.555G > A (p.Trp185Ter) in C8orf37 in homozygous form, has been identified that segregated with the disease in the affected members. c.555G > A was absent in unaffected family members and in 107 ethnically matched controls, therefore ruling out its possibility of being a polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS Present study identifies a nonsense mutation (c.555G > A) at codon 185 in C8orf37 linked with arRP, early macular degeneration, posterior subcapsular cataract, and myopia. The identical mutation has previously been reported in a Pakistani family with isolated RP and in a Chinese family with RP and macular degeneration. This variable expressivity of the identified mutation c.555G > A in C8orf37 in the analyzed Indian family may be attributed to the presence of the modifier alleles. Also, Trp185 might be a mutation hotspot in Asian arRP patients and in the future, p.Trp185Ter in C8orf37 may be tested during initial screening in arRP cases especially belonging to a similar population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwali Goyal
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Kabir Singh
- Dr. Daljit Singh Eye Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Aashna Uppal
- Dr. Daljit Singh Eye Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab, India
| | - Vanita Vanita
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, India.
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Lisbjerg K, Bertelsen M, Lyng Forman J, Grønskov K, Prener Holtan J, Kessel L. Disease progression of retinitis pigmentosa caused by PRPF31 variants in a Nordic population: a retrospective study with up to 36 years follow-up. Ophthalmic Genet 2023; 44:139-146. [PMID: 36164253 DOI: 10.1080/13816810.2022.2123006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To investigate the natural history of PRPF31-related retinitis pigmentosa (RP11). MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified individuals with RP11 and collected retrospective data from disease onset to present date including genetics, demographic data, Goldmann visual field areas, and visual acuity measurements. Visual fields were evaluated as summed squared degrees and best-corrected visual acuity was converted to logMAR. We performed linear mixed model regression analysis to evaluate annual disease progression, and survival analysis to evaluate the age of legal blindness. RESULTS We included 46 subjects with RP11. Median age of disease onset was 10 years (range 5-65). Follow-up spanned from 0 to 36 years with a median of 8 years. Median Goldmann visual field areas decreased by 10.0% per year (95% CI 7.5%-12.4%) with target IV4e, 7.9% (95% CI 4.5% - 11.2%) with target III4e, and 9.3% (95% CI: 7.0% -11.5%) when combining target sizes. Individuals with RP11 maintained good visual acuity until late stage of disease. Legal blindness was reached at a median age of 57 years (95% CI 50-75 years). CONCLUSIONS PRPF31 variants cause autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa that most commonly manifests in childhood with a variable disease progression. Visual field area deteriorates faster than visual acuity and was the major cause of legal blindness in our study population. This study characterizes disease progression in retinitis pigmentosa caused by PRPF31-variants and demonstrates the importance of differentiation between specific genotypes when counselling patients and conducting natural history studies of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Lisbjerg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mette Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Lyng Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Grønskov
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Line Kessel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Manera U, D'Ovidio F, Cabras S, Torrieri MC, Canosa A, Vasta R, Palumbo F, Grassano M, De Marchi F, Mazzini L, Mora G, Moglia C, Calvo A, Chiò A. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis regional progression intervals change according to time of involvement of different body regions. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:872-880. [PMID: 36617536 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The prediction of disease course is one of the main targets of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research, particularly considering its wide phenotypic heterogeneity. Despite many attempts to classify patients into prognostic categories according to the different spreading patterns at diagnosis, a precise regional progression rate and the time of involvement of each region has yet to be clarified. The aim of our study was to evaluate the functional decline in different body regions according to their time of involvement during disease course. METHODS In a population-based dataset of ALS patients, we analysed the functional decline in different body regions according to time and order of regional involvement. We calculated the regional progression intervals (RPIs) between initial involvement and severe functional impairment using the ALS Functional Rating Scale revised (ALSFRS-r) subscores for the bulbar, upper limb, lower limb and respiratory/thoracic regions. Time-to-event analyses, adjusted for age, sex, ALSFRS-r pre-slope (ΔALSFRS-R), cognitive status, and mutational status were performed. RESULTS The duration of RPI differed significantly among ALS phenotypes, with the RPI of the first region involved being significantly longer than the RPIs of regions involved later. Cox proportional hazard models showed that in fact a longer time between disease onset and initial regional involvement was related to a reduced duration of the RPI duration in each different body region (bulbar region: hazard ratio [HR] 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-1.16, p < 0.001; upper limb region: HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.06-1.28, p = 0.002; lower limb region: HR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.19, p = 0.009; respiratory/thoracic region: HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.06-1.14, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS We found that the progression of functional decline accelerates in regions involved later during disease course. Our findings can be useful in patient management and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Manera
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabrizio D'Ovidio
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Cabras
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Torrieri
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Canosa
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Rome, Italy
| | - Rosario Vasta
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Palumbo
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Maurizio Grassano
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Department of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Gabriele Mora
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Moglia
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Calvo
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Adriano Chiò
- ALS Centre, "Rita Levi Montalcini" Department of Neuroscience, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Neurology 1, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, C.N.R., Rome, Italy
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Naggert ASEN, Collin GB, Wang J, Krebs MP, Chang B. A mouse model of cone photoreceptor function loss (cpfl9) with degeneration due to a mutation in Gucy2e. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 15:1080136. [PMID: 36698779 PMCID: PMC9868315 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1080136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
During routine screening of mouse strains and stocks by the Eye Mutant Resource at The Jackson Laboratory for genetic mouse models of human ocular disorders, we identified cpfl9, a mouse model with cone photoreceptor function loss. The mice exhibited an early-onset phenotype that was easily recognized by the absence of a cone-mediated b-wave electroretinography response and by a reduction in rod-mediated photoresponses at four weeks of age. By genetic mapping and high-throughput sequencing of a whole exome capture library of cpfl9, a homozygous 25 bp deletion within exon 11 of the Gucy2e gene was identified, which is predicted to result in a frame shift leading to premature termination. The corresponding protein in human, retinal guanylate cyclase 1 (GUCY2D), plays an important role in rod and cone photoreceptor cell function. Loss-of-function mutations in human GUCY2D cause LCA1, one of the most common forms of Leber congenital amaurosis, which results in blindness at birth or in early childhood. The early loss of cone and reduced rod photoreceptor cell function in the cpfl9 mutant is accompanied by a later, progressive loss of cone and rod photoreceptor cells, which may be relevant to understanding disease pathology in a subset of LCA1 patients and in individuals with cone-rod dystrophy caused by recessive GUCY2D variants. cpfl9 mice will be useful for studying the role of Gucy2e in the retina.
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13
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Mondal AK, Swaroop A. Network Biology and Medicine to Rescue: Applications for Retinal Disease Mechanisms and Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1415:165-171. [PMID: 37440030 PMCID: PMC11377069 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27681-1_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are clinically and genetically heterogenous blinding diseases that manifest through dysfunction of target cells, photoreceptors, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the retina. Despite knowledge of numerous underlying genetic defects, current therapeutic approaches, including gene centric applications, have had limited success, thereby asserting the need of new directions for basic and translational research. Human diseases have commonalities that can be represented in a network form, called diseasome, which captures relationships among disease genes, proteins, metabolites, and patient meta-data. Clinical and genetic information of IRDs suggest shared relationships among pathobiological factors, making these a model case for network medicine. Characterization of the diseasome would considerably improve our understanding of retinal pathologies and permit better design of targeted therapies for disrupted regions within the integrated disease network. Network medicine in synergy with the ongoing artificial intelligence revolution can boost therapeutic developments, especially gene agnostic treatment opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam K Mondal
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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14
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Cheloni R, Jackson D, Moosajee M. A Natural History Study of RP2-Related Retinopathy. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6877. [PMID: 36498452 PMCID: PMC9738434 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11236877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a severe form of RP, often with early macular involvement. This study aimed to characterise the natural history of patients with a diagnosis of X-linked RP due to RP2 mutations. Clinical details, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multimodal retinal imaging were retrospectively collected from patients with RP2 variants from Moorfields Eye Hospital (London, UK). Measures of the ellipsoid-zone (EZ) width, central retinal thickness (CRT), and thickness of the photoreceptor and retinal pigment epithelium complex (PR+RPE, taken between the external limiting membrane and RPE) were extracted from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) scans. A total of 47 affected males (median baseline age: 20 years, IQR: 12.5−36.5) were included, and 41 had two or more visits (median follow-up: 8.0 years, IQR: 3.2−14.5). A total of 24 RP2 variants were identified, 13 of which were novel. BCVA dropped from 0.66 LogMAR at baseline (IQR, 0.35−1.4) to 1.3 LogMAR at the most recent visit (IQR: 0.6−1.4). SD-OCT revealed a prevalent outer retinal atrophy (n = 23/35, 65.7%), and measurable EZ width at baseline in 34.3% of patients (n = 12). Age significantly affected all quantitative measures (p < 0.001) except EZ width (p = 0.58), with exponential decays of 46−49% and 12.6−33.9% per decade for BCVA and SD-OCT measures, respectively. RP2 patients exhibited rapid progression to outer retina atrophy and early macular involvement with substantial vision loss by age 30−40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cheloni
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Daniel Jackson
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
| | - Mariya Moosajee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London EC1V 2PD, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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15
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Leong YC, Di Foggia V, Pramod H, Bitner-Glindzicz M, Patel A, Sowden JC. Molecular pathology of Usher 1B patient-derived retinal organoids at single cell resolution. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:2421-2437. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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16
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Das A, Imanishi Y. Drug Discovery Strategies for Inherited Retinal Degenerations. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1338. [PMID: 36138817 PMCID: PMC9495580 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration is a group of blinding disorders afflicting more than 1 in 4000 worldwide. These disorders frequently cause the death of photoreceptor cells or retinal ganglion cells. In a subset of these disorders, photoreceptor cell death is a secondary consequence of retinal pigment epithelial cell dysfunction or degeneration. This manuscript reviews current efforts in identifying targets and developing small molecule-based therapies for these devastating neuronal degenerations, for which no cures exist. Photoreceptors and retinal ganglion cells are metabolically demanding owing to their unique structures and functional properties. Modulations of metabolic pathways, which are disrupted in most inherited retinal degenerations, serve as promising therapeutic strategies. In monogenic disorders, great insights were previously obtained regarding targets associated with the defective pathways, including phototransduction, visual cycle, and mitophagy. In addition to these target-based drug discoveries, we will discuss how phenotypic screening can be harnessed to discover beneficial molecules without prior knowledge of their mechanisms of action. Because of major anatomical and biological differences, it has frequently been challenging to model human inherited retinal degeneration conditions using small animals such as rodents. Recent advances in stem cell-based techniques are opening new avenues to obtain pure populations of human retinal ganglion cells and retinal organoids with photoreceptor cells. We will discuss concurrent ideas of utilizing stem-cell-based disease models for drug discovery and preclinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arupratan Das
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yoshikazu Imanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eugene and Marilyn Glick Eye Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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17
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Roberts PA. Inverse Problem Reveals Conditions for Characteristic Retinal Degeneration Patterns in Retinitis Pigmentosa Under the Trophic Factor Hypothesis. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:765966. [PMID: 35585866 PMCID: PMC9108254 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.765966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal dystrophy with a prevalence of about 1 in 4,000, affecting approximately 1.5 million people worldwide. Patients with RP experience progressive visual field loss as the retina degenerates, destroying light-sensitive photoreceptor cells (rods and cones), with rods affected earlier and more severely than cones. Spatio-temporal patterns of retinal degeneration in human RP have been well characterised; however, the mechanism(s) giving rise to these patterns have not been conclusively determined. One such mechanism, which has received a wealth of experimental support, is described by the trophic factor hypothesis. This hypothesis suggests that rods produce a trophic factor necessary for cone survival; the loss of rods depletes this factor, leading to cone degeneration. In this article, we formulate a partial differential equation mathematical model of RP in one spatial dimension, spanning the region between the retinal centre (fovea) and the retinal edge (ora serrata). Using this model we derive and solve an inverse problem, revealing for the first time experimentally testable conditions under which the trophic factor mechanism will qualitatively recapitulate the spatio-temporal patterns of retinal regeneration observed in human RP.
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18
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Belhadj S, Hermann NS, Zhu Y, Christensen G, Strasser T, Paquet-Durand F. Visualizing Cell Death in Live Retina: Using Calpain Activity Detection as a Biomarker for Retinal Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073892. [PMID: 35409251 PMCID: PMC8999672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Calpains are a family of calcium-activated proteases involved in numerous disorders. Notably, previous studies have shown that calpain activity was substantially increased in various models for inherited retinal degeneration (RD). In the present study, we tested the capacity of the calpain-specific substrate t-BOC-Leu-Met-CMAC to detect calpain activity in living retina, in organotypic retinal explant cultures derived from wild-type mice, as well as from rd1 and RhoP23H/+ RD-mutant mice. Test conditions were refined until the calpain substrate readily detected large numbers of cells in the photoreceptor layer of RD retina but not in wild-type retina. At the same time, the calpain substrate was not obviously toxic to photoreceptor cells. Comparison of calpain activity with immunostaining for activated calpain-2 furthermore suggested that individual calpain isoforms may be active in distinct temporal stages of photoreceptor cell death. Notably, calpain-2 activity may be a relatively short-lived event, occurring only towards the end of the cell-death process. Finally, our results support the development of calpain activity detection as a novel in vivo biomarker for RD suitable for combination with non-invasive imaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Belhadj
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Nina Sofia Hermann
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Yu Zhu
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Gustav Christensen
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Graduate Training Center of Neuroscience, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
| | - Torsten Strasser
- Applied Vision Research Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- University Eye Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Cell Death Mechanisms Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (S.B.); (Y.Z.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Kajtna J, Tsang SH, Koch SF. Late-stage rescue of visually guided behavior in the context of a significantly remodeled retinitis pigmentosa mouse model. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:148. [PMID: 35195763 PMCID: PMC8866266 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04161-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with progressive neurodegenerative disorder retinitis pigmentosa (RP) are diagnosed in the midst of ongoing retinal degeneration and remodeling. Here, we used a Pde6b-deficient RP gene therapy mouse model to test whether treatment at late disease stages can halt photoreceptor degeneration and degradative remodeling, while sustaining constructive remodeling and restoring function. We demonstrated that when fewer than 13% of rods remain, our genetic rescue halts photoreceptor degeneration, electroretinography (ERG) functional decline and inner retinal remodeling. In addition, in a water maze test, the performance of mice treated at 16 weeks of age or earlier was indistinguishable from wild type. In contrast, no efficacy was apparent in mice treated at 24 weeks of age, suggesting the photoreceptors had reached a point of no return. Further, remodeling in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and retinal vasculature was not halted at 16 or 24 weeks of age, although there appeared to be some slowing of blood vessel degradation. These data suggest a novel working model in which restoration of clinically significant visual function requires only modest threshold numbers of resilient photoreceptors, halting of destructive remodeling and sustained constructive remodeling. These novel findings define the potential and limitations of RP treatment and suggest possible nonphotoreceptor targets for gene therapy optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kajtna
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephen H Tsang
- Jonas Children's Vision Care, Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Departments of Ophthalmology, Pathology and Cell Biology, Institute of Human Nutrition, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Edward S. Harkness Eye Institute, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Susanne F Koch
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg/Martinsried, Germany.
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Anikina E, Georgiou M, Tee J, Webster AR, Weleber RG, Michaelides M. Characterization of Retinal Function Using Microperimetry-Derived Metrics in Both Adults and Children With RPGR-Associated Retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2022; 234:81-90. [PMID: 34303686 PMCID: PMC8847997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2021.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate microperimetry testing of retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator gene (RPGR)-associated retinopathy in a cohort of children and adults. DESIGN Prospective observational case series. METHODS The coefficient of repeatability and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of mean sensitivity (MS) were calculated for mesopic microperimetry. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity (CS), MS, total volume (VTOT), and central 3-degree field volume (V3) from volumetric and topographic analyses were acquired. RESULTS The study recruited 76 individuals with RPGR (53 adults, 23 children). The mean follow-up period was 2.8 years. The ICC values for MS, VTOT, and V3 were 0.982 dB (95% CI, 0.969-0.989 dB), 0.970 dB-steradian (sr) (95% CI, -0.02658 to 0.03691 dB-sr), and 0.986 dB-sr (95% CI, 0.978-0.991), respectively. The r values for interocular MS, VTOT, and V3 were 0.97 (P < .01), 0.97 (P < .01), and 0.98 (P < .01), respectively, indicating strong interocular correlation. The interocular correlation of progression for MS, VTOT, and V3 was 0.81 (P < .01), 0.64 (P < .01), and 0.81 (P < .01), respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in the interocular progression rates for MS or VTOT. V3 did show a statistically significant difference. Most patients lost retinal sensitivity rapidly during their second and third decades of life. CONCLUSIONS The high degree of reproducibility of results and the good interocular correlation lends this method to accurately monitoring disease progression, as well as supporting validation of the use of MP in assessing the outcomes of gene therapy clinical treatment trials.
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Jiang K, Mondal AK, Adlakha YK, Gumerson J, Aponte A, Gieser L, Kim JW, Boleda A, Brooks MJ, Nellissery J, Fox DA, Balaban R, Covian R, Swaroop A. Multiomics analyses reveal early metabolic imbalance and mitochondrial stress in neonatal photoreceptors leading to cell death in Pde6brd1/rd1 mouse model of retinal degeneration. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2137-2154. [PMID: 35075486 PMCID: PMC9618164 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinal diseases exhibit extensive genetic heterogeneity and complex etiology with varying onset and severity. Mutations in over 200 genes can lead to photoreceptor dysfunction and/or cell death in retinal neurodegeneration. To deduce molecular pathways that initiate and/or drive cell death, we adopted a temporal multiomics approach and examined molecular and cellular events in newborn and developing photoreceptors before the onset of degeneration in a widely-used Pde6brd1/rd1 (rd1) mouse, a model of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa caused by PDE6B mutations. Transcriptome profiling of neonatal and developing rods from the rd1 retina revealed early downregulation of genes associated with anabolic pathways and energy metabolism. Quantitative proteomics of rd1 retina showed early changes in calcium signaling and oxidative phosphorylation, with specific partial bypass of complex I electron transfer, which precede the onset of cell death. Concurrently, we detected alterations in central carbon metabolism, including dysregulation of components associated with glycolysis, pentose phosphate and purine biosynthesis. Ex vivo assays of oxygen consumption and transmission electron microscopy validated early and progressive mitochondrial stress and abnormalities in mitochondrial structure and function of rd1 rods. These data uncover mitochondrial overactivation and related metabolic alterations as determinants of early pathology and implicate aberrant calcium signaling as an initiator of higher mitochondrial stress. Our studies thus provide a mechanistic framework with mitochondrial damage and metabolic disruptions as early drivers of photoreceptor cell death in retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yogita K Adlakha
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region Biotech Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Jessica Gumerson
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angel Aponte
- Proteomics Core Facility, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Linn Gieser
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jung-Woong Kim
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexis Boleda
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA,Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Matthew J Brooks
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jacob Nellissery
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donald A Fox
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, 6 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert Balaban
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raul Covian
- Laboratory of Cardiac Energetics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +301-435-5754; Fax: 301-480-9917;
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22
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Roberts PA. Mathematical Models of Retinitis Pigmentosa: The Trophic Factor Hypothesis. J Theor Biol 2021; 534:110938. [PMID: 34687673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the term used to denote a group of inherited retinal-degenerative conditions that cause progressive sight loss. Individuals with this condition lose their light-sensitive photoreceptor cells, known as rods and cones, over a period of years to decades; degeneration starting in the retinal periphery, and spreading peripherally and centrally over time. RP is a rod-cone dystrophy, meaning that rod health and function are affected earlier and more severely than that of cones. Rods degenerate due to an underlying mutation, whereas the reasons for cone degeneration are unknown. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain secondary cone loss and the spatio-temporal patterns of retinal degeneration in RP. One of the most promising is the trophic factor hypothesis, which suggests that rods produce a factor necessary for cone survival, such that, when rods degenerate, cone degeneration follows. In this paper we formulate and analyse mathematical models of human RP under the trophic factor hypothesis. These models are constructed as systems of reaction-diffusion partial differential equations in one spatial dimension, and are solved and analysed using a combination of numerical and analytical methods. We predict the conditions under which cones will degenerate following the loss of a patch of rods from the retina, the critical trophic factor treatment rate required to prevent cone degeneration following rod loss and the spatio-temporal patterns of cone loss that would result if the trophic factor mechanism alone were responsible for retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Roberts
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, John Maynard Smith Building, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK.
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23
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Zada M, Cornish EE, Fraser CL, Jamieson RV, Grigg JR. Natural history and clinical biomarkers of progression in X-linked retinitis pigmentosa: a systematic review. Acta Ophthalmol 2021; 99:499-510. [PMID: 33258268 DOI: 10.1111/aos.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP) accounts for a significant proportion of certifiable blindness in working-age adults. The objectives of this study were to: (1) synthesize the best available evidence regarding the natural history of disease progression and (2) identify the best current clinical biomarkers for monitoring disease progression, which will be important in planned gene therapy trials for this condition. Patient population: XLRP affected males. Main outcomes: A systematic review of the literature was undertaken with data sought on overall annual progression for clinical biomarkers using optical coherence tomography (OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), visual acuity, electroretinography and visual fields. To assess which outcome was best for monitoring progression, data on reliability, interocular correlation and structure-function correlation were extracted. A total of 17 studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies estimated progression at between 4% to 19% per year with longitudinal data. Where an overall model was produced with cross-sectional data, the trend was usually best fit by a logarithmic function with an annual exponential decline rate between 4.7% and 8.0%. The evidence suggested the ellipsoid zone (EZ) width on OCT and outer ring area (ORA) on FAF as the most useful biomarkers having excellent interocular symmetry, reproducibility and functional correlation. Using different clinical biomarkers, XLRP progresses at a rate of 4 to 19% per year. Ellipsoid zone (EZ) width and ORA are the most robust biomarkers with the potential to be used in trials where one eye serves as a control for the other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Zada
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Elisa E Cornish
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Genetic Eye Research Unit Children's Medical Research Institute Save Sight Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney and Children's Hospital Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
- Sydney Eye Hospital Foundation Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Clare L Fraser
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Robyn V Jamieson
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Genetic Eye Research Unit Children's Medical Research Institute Save Sight Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney and Children's Hospital Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
| | - John R Grigg
- Save Sight Institute Discipline of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Genetic Eye Research Unit Children's Medical Research Institute Save Sight Institute Faculty of Medicine and Health The University of Sydney and Children's Hospital Westmead Sydney NSW Australia
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24
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Cideciyan AV, Krishnan AK, Roman AJ, Sumaroka A, Swider M, Jacobson SG. Measures of Function and Structure to Determine Phenotypic Features, Natural History, and Treatment Outcomes in Inherited Retinal Diseases. Annu Rev Vis Sci 2021; 7:747-772. [PMID: 34255540 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-vision-032321-091738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are at the forefront of innovative gene-specific treatments because of the causation by single genes, the availability of microsurgical access for treatment delivery, and the relative ease of quantitative imaging and vision measurement. However, it is not always easy to choose a priori, from scores of potential measures, an appropriate subset to evaluate efficacy outcomes considering the wide range of disease stages with different phenotypic features. This article reviews measurements of visual function and retinal structure that our group has used over the past three decades to understand the natural history of IRDs. We include measures of light sensitivity, retinal structure, mapping of natural fluorophores, evaluation of pupillary light reflex, and oculomotor control. We provide historical context and examples of applicability. We also review treatment trial outcomes using these measures of function and structure. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 7 is September 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur V Cideciyan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Arun K Krishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Alejandro J Roman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Alexander Sumaroka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Malgorzata Swider
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
| | - Samuel G Jacobson
- Department of Ophthalmology, Scheie Eye Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
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25
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Roshandel D, Thompson JA, Heath Jeffery RC, Zhang D, Lamey TM, McLaren TL, De Roach JN, McLenachan S, Mackey DA, Chen FK. Clinical Evidence for the Importance of the Wild-Type PRPF31 Allele in the Phenotypic Expression of RP11. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060915. [PMID: 34198599 PMCID: PMC8232116 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PRPF31-associated retinopathy (RP11) is a common form of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) that exhibits wide variation in phenotype ranging from non-penetrance to early-onset RP. Herein, we report inter-familial and intra-familial variation in the natural history of RP11 using multimodal imaging and microperimetry. Patients were recruited prospectively. The age of symptom onset, best-corrected visual acuity, microperimetry mean sensitivity (MS), residual ellipsoid zone span and hyperautofluorescent ring area were recorded. Genotyping was performed using targeted next-generation and Sanger sequencing and copy number variant analysis. PRPF31 mutations were found in 14 individuals from seven unrelated families. Four disease patterns were observed: (A) childhood onset with rapid progression (N = 4), (B) adult-onset with rapid progression (N = 4), (C) adult-onset with slow progression (N = 4) and (D) non-penetrance (N = 2). Four different patterns were observed in a family harbouring c.267del; patterns B, C and D were observed in a family with c.772_773delins16 and patterns A, B and C were observed in 3 unrelated individuals with large deletions. Our findings suggest that the RP11 phenotype may be related to the wild-type PRPF31 allele rather than the type of mutation. Further studies that correlate in vitro wild-type PRPF31 allele expression level with the disease patterns are required to investigate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danial Roshandel
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Jennifer A. Thompson
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Rachael C. Heath Jeffery
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Dan Zhang
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Tina M. Lamey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Terri L. McLaren
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - John N. De Roach
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - David A. Mackey
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Fred K. Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; (D.R.); (R.C.H.J.); (T.M.L.); (T.L.M.); (J.N.D.R.); (S.M.); (D.A.M.)
- Ocular Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Australian Inherited Retinal Disease Registry and DNA Bank, Department of Medical Technology and Physics, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-08-9381-0777
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26
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Sorek M, Oweis W, Nissim-Rafinia M, Maman M, Simon S, Hession CC, Adiconis X, Simmons SK, Sanjana NE, Shi X, Lu C, Pan JQ, Xu X, Pouladi MA, Ellerby LM, Zhang F, Levin JZ, Meshorer E. Pluripotent stem cell-derived models of neurological diseases reveal early transcriptional heterogeneity. Genome Biol 2021; 22:73. [PMID: 33663567 PMCID: PMC7934477 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many neurodegenerative diseases develop only later in life, when cells in the nervous system lose their structure or function. In many forms of neurodegenerative diseases, this late-onset phenomenon remains largely unexplained. RESULTS Analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing from Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Huntington's disease (HD) patients, we find increased transcriptional heterogeneity in disease-state neurons. We hypothesize that transcriptional heterogeneity precedes neurodegenerative disease pathologies. To test this idea experimentally, we use juvenile forms (72Q; 180Q) of HD iPSCs, differentiate them into committed neuronal progenitors, and obtain single-cell expression profiles. We show a global increase in gene expression variability in HD. Autophagy genes become more stable, while energy and actin-related genes become more variable in the mutant cells. Knocking down several differentially variable genes results in increased aggregate formation, a pathology associated with HD. We further validate the increased transcriptional heterogeneity in CHD8+/- cells, a model for autism spectrum disorder. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that although neurodegenerative diseases develop over time, transcriptional regulation imbalance is present already at very early developmental stages. Therefore, an intervention aimed at this early phenotype may be of high diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matan Sorek
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
- The Edmond and Lily Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Walaa Oweis
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Malka Nissim-Rafinia
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Moria Maman
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shahar Simon
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Cynthia C Hession
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xian Adiconis
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sean K Simmons
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neville E Sanjana
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- New York Genome Center and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi Shi
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Congyi Lu
- New York Genome Center and Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jen Q Pan
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, 613 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, China
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine (TLGM), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 8A Biomedical Grove, Immunos, Level 5, Singapore, 138648, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA, 94945, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joshua Z Levin
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Eran Meshorer
- Department of Genetics, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
- The Edmond and Lily Center for Brain Sciences, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel.
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27
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Le P, Nguyen M, Vu T, Dao DP, Olson D, Zhang AY. Anxiety and Depression in Patients With Retinitis Pigmentosa. JOURNAL OF VITREORETINAL DISEASES 2021; 5:114-120. [PMID: 37009075 PMCID: PMC9979061 DOI: 10.1177/2474126420936455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a chronic progressive disease with no curative treatments. Understanding the variables involved with improving patients' quality of life is important in managing this population. The literature investigating the relationship of anxiety and depression with RP relies on the analysis of smaller subset populations of patients with RP, and no study has quantified the effect size of the potential association. This study aims to elucidate and quantify the association between RP, anxiety, and depression. METHODS A retrospective case-control study was conducted of 6 093 833 medical records within the University of North Carolina Hospital and outpatient clinic system from July 1, 2004, to August 30, 2019. Patients with a diagnosis of RP, anxiety, and depression were identified within the Carolina Data Warehouse for Health by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth and Tenth Revision codes. RESULTS From the base population of 6 093 833 patients' medical records, 690 patients were diagnosed with RP, 253 065 with anxiety, and 232 541 with depression. Patients with RP have an odds ratio, adjusted for sex and age, of 4.915 (95% CI, 4.035-5.987) for having comorbid anxiety, 5.609 (95% CI, 4.622-6.807) for comorbid depression, and 4.130 (95% CI, 3.187-5.353) for comorbid anxiety and depression. CONCLUSIONS Patients with RP have a higher prevalence of anxiety and depression, with increased odds of approximately 5 to 6 times for also carrying a diagnosis of anxiety or depression and about 4 times for carrying diagnoses of anxiety and depression compared with the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Le
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michelle Nguyen
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thoai Vu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Diem-Phuong Dao
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth
University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Daniel Olson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alice Yang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Alice Yang Zhang, MD, Department of
Ophthalmology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2226 Nelson Hwy,
Suite 200, Chapel Hill, NC 27517, USA.
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28
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Clinical characteristics and disease progression of retinitis pigmentosa associated with PDE6B mutations in Korean patients. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19540. [PMID: 33177553 PMCID: PMC7658990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75902-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the genotype-phenotype heterogeneity in retinitis pigmentosa (RP), molecular diagnoses and prediction of disease progression is difficult. This study aimed to report ocular and genetic data from Korean patients with PDE6B-associated RP (PDE6B-RP), and establish genotype-phenotype correlations to predict the clinical course. We retrospectively reviewed targeted next-generation sequencing or whole exome sequencing data for 305 patients with RP, and identified PDE6B-RP in 15 patients (median age, 40.0 years). Amongst these patients, ten previously reported PDE6B variants (c.1280G > A, c.1488del, c.1547T > C, c.1604T > A, c.1669C > T, c.1712C > T, c.2395C > T, c.2492C > T, c.592G > A, and c.815G > A) and one novel variant (c.712del) were identified. Thirteen patients (86.7%) experienced night blindness as the first symptom at a median age of 10.0 years. Median age at diagnosis was 21.0 years and median visual acuity (VA) was 0.20 LogMAR at the time of genetic analysis. Nonlinear mixed models were developed and analysis revealed that VA exponentially decreased over time, while optical coherence tomography parameters linearly decreased, and this was related with visual field constriction. A high proportion of patients with the c.1669C > T variant (7/9, 77.8%) had cystoid macular edema; despite this, patients with this variant did not show a higher rate of functional or structural progression. This study will help clinicians predict functional and structural progression in patients with PDE6B-RP.
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29
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HDAC inhibition ameliorates cone survival in retinitis pigmentosa mice. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:1317-1332. [PMID: 33159184 PMCID: PMC8026998 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00653-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cone photoreceptor cell death in inherited retinal diseases, such as Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), leads to the loss of high acuity and color vision and, ultimately to blindness. In RP, a vast number of mutations perturb the structure and function of rod photoreceptors, while cones remain initially unaffected. Extensive rod loss in advanced stages of the disease triggers cone death by a mechanism that is still largely unknown. Here, we show that secondary cone cell death in animal models for RP is associated with increased activity of histone deacetylates (HDACs). A single intravitreal injection of an HDAC inhibitor at late stages of the disease, when the majority of rods have already degenerated, was sufficient to delay cone death and support long-term cone survival in two mouse models for RP, affected by mutations in the phosphodiesterase 6b gene. Moreover, the surviving cones remained light-sensitive, leading to an improvement in visual function. RNA-seq analysis of protected cones demonstrated that HDAC inhibition initiated multi-level protection via regulation of different pro-survival pathways, including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and autophagy. This study suggests a unique opportunity for targeted pharmacological protection of secondary dying cones by HDAC inhibition and creates hope to maintain vision in RP patients even in advanced disease stages.
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30
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Xu Y, Wu Z, Liu L, Liu J, Wang Y. Rat Model of Cockayne Syndrome Neurological Disease. Cell Rep 2020; 29:800-809.e5. [PMID: 31644904 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockayne syndrome (CS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by a deficiency in transcription-coupled subpathway of nucleotide excision DNA repair (TC-NER). Mutation of the Cockayne syndrome B (CSB) gene affects basal transcription, which is considered a major cause of CS neurologic dysfunction. Here, we generate a rat model by mimicking a nonsense mutation in the CSB gene. In contrast to that of the Csb-/- mouse models, the brains of the CSB-deficient rats are more profoundly affected. The cerebellar cortex shows significant atrophy and dysmyelination. Aberrant foliation of the cerebellum and deformed hippocampus are visible. The white matter displays high glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) staining indicative of reactive astrogliosis. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis reveals that CSB deficiency affects the expression of hundreds of genes, many of which are neuronal genes, suggesting that transcription dysregulation could contribute to the neurologic disease seen in the CSB rat models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Lingyun Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiena Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neurological Function and Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
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31
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Rod function deficit in retained photoreceptors of patients with class B Rhodopsin mutations. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12552. [PMID: 32724127 PMCID: PMC7387454 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69456-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A common inherited retinal disease is caused by mutations in RHO expressed in rod photoreceptors that provide vision in dim ambient light. Approximately half of all RHO mutations result in a Class B phenotype where mutant rods are retained in some retinal regions but show severe degeneration in other regions. We determined the natural history of dysfunction and degeneration of retained rods by serially evaluating patients. Even when followed for more than 20 years, rod function and structure at some retinal locations could remain unchanged. Other locations showed loss of both vision and photoreceptors but the rate of rod vision loss was greater than the rate of photoreceptor degeneration. This unexpected divergence in rates with disease progression implied the development of a rod function deficit beyond loss of cells. The divergence of progression rates was also detectable over a short interval of 2 years near the health-disease transition in the superior retina. A model of structure–function relationship supported the existence of a large rod function deficit which was also most prominent near regions of health-disease transition. Our studies support the realistic therapeutic goal of improved night vision for retinal regions specifically preselected for rod function deficit in patients.
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Noh GM, Lim JW, Lee MS, Lee SU, Lee SJ. Analysis of Changes in Retinal Photoreceptors Using Optical Coherence Tomography in a Feline Model of Iodoacetic Acid-induced Retinal Degeneration. KOREAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2020; 33:547-556. [PMID: 31833252 PMCID: PMC6911790 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2019.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We investigated structural changes in the retina by using optical coherence tomography (OCT) in a feline model of retinal degeneration using iodoacetic acid (IAA). Methods We examined 22 eyes of 11 felines over 2 years of age. The felines had fasted for 12 hours and were intravenously injected with IAA 20 mg/kg of body weight. OCT (Spectralis OCT) was performed at the point where the ends of the retinal vessels collected in the lateral direction from the optic nerve head and area centralis. Similarly, OCT was performed four times at 1-week intervals following injections, at which point the felines were sacrificed and histologic examinations were performed. Using OCT, the thickness of each layer of the retina was measured. Results The average body weight of the three male and eight female felines investigated in this study was 1.61 ± 0.19 kg. The mean total retinal thickness of the felines before injection was 221.32 ± 9.82 µm, with a significant decrease in the retinal thickness at 2, 3, and 4 weeks following injections of 186.41 ± 35.42, 174.56 ± 31.94, and 175.35 ± 33.84 µm, respectively (p = 0.028, 0.027, and 0.027, respectively). The thickness of the outer nuclear layer was 57.49 ± 8.03 µm before injection and 29.26 ± 17.87, 25.62 ± 13.88, and 31.60 ± 18.38 µm at 2, 3, and 4 weeks, respectively, after injection (p = 0.028, 0.028, 0.046, respectively). Conclusions In a feline model of retinal degeneration using IAA, the total retinal thickness and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer were shown to decrease significantly on OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang Myeong Noh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jae Wan Lim
- Yangsan-si Dong-myeon Local Public Health Clinic, Busan, Korea
| | - Myung Shin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Uk Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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Abstract
Purpose To retrospectively study the rate of visual field (VF) progression in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) as it relates to different targets and inheritance patterns. Methods A total of 275 kinetic VF tests were collected from 52 subjects with RP over a period of up to 29 years (mean, 12 years). The VF areas of Goldmann targets V4e, III4e, and I4e were calculated using Photoshop. Differences in the rate of VF loss among different targets and inheritance patterns were compared. Results There was a significant interocular correlation in both visual acuity (VA) (R2 = 0.739, P < 0.001) and VF area (R2 = 0.815, P < 0.001). The annual rates of decline in VF area for V4e, III4e, and I4e targets were 7.5%, 10.7%, and 12.5%, respectively (all P < 0.001). All of the rates were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001). The mean rate of VF loss was 10.3% (P = 0.009) for autosomal recessive, 2.7% (P = 0.215) for autosomal dominant, and 7.2% (P = 0.009) for X-linked patterns of inheritance. However, the differences among them were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Based on VF, survival analysis indicated that our patients failed the vision standard for driving and reached legal blindness at the median ages of 37 and 55 years, respectively. Conclusions The rate of VF loss varies among targets in patients with RP. Fifty percent of patients are not qualified to drive by the age of 37 and become legally blind by the age of 55. These results can be useful for counseling patients with RP as to their potential rate of VF decline.
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Collin GB, Gogna N, Chang B, Damkham N, Pinkney J, Hyde LF, Stone L, Naggert JK, Nishina PM, Krebs MP. Mouse Models of Inherited Retinal Degeneration with Photoreceptor Cell Loss. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040931. [PMID: 32290105 PMCID: PMC7227028 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal degeneration (RD) leads to the impairment or loss of vision in millions of individuals worldwide, most frequently due to the loss of photoreceptor (PR) cells. Animal models, particularly the laboratory mouse, have been used to understand the pathogenic mechanisms that underlie PR cell loss and to explore therapies that may prevent, delay, or reverse RD. Here, we reviewed entries in the Mouse Genome Informatics and PubMed databases to compile a comprehensive list of monogenic mouse models in which PR cell loss is demonstrated. The progression of PR cell loss with postnatal age was documented in mutant alleles of genes grouped by biological function. As anticipated, a wide range in the onset and rate of cell loss was observed among the reported models. The analysis underscored relationships between RD genes and ciliary function, transcription-coupled DNA damage repair, and cellular chloride homeostasis. Comparing the mouse gene list to human RD genes identified in the RetNet database revealed that mouse models are available for 40% of the known human diseases, suggesting opportunities for future research. This work may provide insight into the molecular players and pathways through which PR degenerative disease occurs and may be useful for planning translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle B. Collin
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Navdeep Gogna
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Bo Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Nattaya Damkham
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Jai Pinkney
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Lillian F. Hyde
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Lisa Stone
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Jürgen K. Naggert
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
| | - Patsy M. Nishina
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.N.); (M.P.K.); Tel.: +1-207-2886-383 (P.M.N.); +1-207-2886-000 (M.P.K.)
| | - Mark P. Krebs
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, ME 04609, USA; (G.B.C.); (N.G.); (B.C.); (N.D.); (J.P.); (L.F.H.); (L.S.); (J.K.N.)
- Correspondence: (P.M.N.); (M.P.K.); Tel.: +1-207-2886-383 (P.M.N.); +1-207-2886-000 (M.P.K.)
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Shen LL, Ahluwalia A, Sun M, Young BK, Grossetta Nardini HK, Del Priore LV. Long-term Natural History of Atrophy in Eyes with Choroideremia-A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Individual-Level Data. Ophthalmol Retina 2020; 4:840-852. [PMID: 32362554 DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the natural history of atrophy secondary to choroideremia (CHM). CLINICAL RELEVANCE A sensitive and reliable anatomic measure to monitor disease progression is needed in treatment trials for CHM. However, the long-term natural history of the residual retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is unclear, with reported RPE area decline rates varying widely among patients. METHODS We searched in 7 literature databases up through July 17, 2019, to identify studies that assessed the residual RPE area in untreated eyes with CHM using fundus autofluorescence (FAF). We sought individual-eye data and investigated the RPE decline pattern using 3 models: the area linear model (ALM), radius linear model (RLM), and area exponential model (AEM), in which the area, radius, and log-transformed area of RPE change linearly with time, respectively. To account for different eyes' entry times into the studies, we added a horizontal translation factor to each dataset. The RPE decline rate was estimated using a 2-stage random-effects meta-analysis. We assessed the risk of bias using the Quality In Prognosis Studies tool. RESULTS Of 807 articles screened, we included 9 articles containing cross-sectional data (257 eyes) from 6 studies and longitudinal data (229 visits from 68 eyes) from 5 studies. The residual RPE area followed a trend of exponential decay as a function of patient age. After the introduction of horizontal translation factors to longitudinal datasets of individual eyes, the datasets fit along a straight line in the AEM over nearly 60 years (r2 = 0.997). The decline rate of log-transformed RPE area was 0.050 (95% confidence interval, 0.046-0.055) log(mm2)/year and was independent of the baseline RPE area (r = -0.18; P = 0.15) and age (r = 0.06; P = 0.63). In contrast, the decline rates of the area and effective radius of residual RPE strongly correlated with the baseline RPE area (r = 0.90 and 0.61, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The loss of residual RPE area in untreated eyes with CHM follows the AEM over approximately 60 years. Log-transformed residual RPE area measured by FAF can serve as an anatomic endpoint to monitor CHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbo L Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Aneesha Ahluwalia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Mengyuan Sun
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Benjamin K Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Lucian V Del Priore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
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Baumer KM, Koone JC, Shaw BF. Kinetic Variability in Seeded Formation of ALS-Linked SOD1 Fibrils Across Multiple Generations. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:304-313. [PMID: 31895541 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unseeded aggregation of superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) into amyloid-like fibrils occurs stochastically in vitro and in vivo, that is, isolated populations of SOD1 proteins (within microplate wells or living cells) self-assemble into amyloid at rates that span a probability distribution. This stochasticity has been attributed to variable degrees of monomer depletion by competing pathways of amorphous and fibrillar aggregation (inter alia). Here, microplate-based thioflavin-T (ThT) fluorescence assays were performed at high iteration (∼300) to establish whether this observed stochasticity persists when progenitor ("parent") SOD1 fibrils are used to seed the formation of multiple generations of progeny fibrils (daughter, granddaughter, and great-granddaughter fibrils). Populations of progenitor fibrils formed stochastically at different rates and fluorescence intensity, however, progeny fibrils formed at more similar rates regardless of the formation rate of the progenitor fibril. For example, populations of progenitor fibrils that formed with a lag time of ∼30 h or ∼15 h both produced progeny fibrils with lag times of ∼8 h. Likewise, populations of progenitor fibrils with high or low maximum fluorescence (e.g., ∼450 or ∼75 A.U.) both produced progeny fibrils with more similar maximum fluorescence (∼125 A.U.). The rate of propagation was found to be more dependent on monomer concentration than seed concentration. These results can be rationalized by classical rate laws for primary nucleation and monomer-dependent secondary nucleation. We also find that the seeding propensity of some "families" of in vitro grown fibrils exhibit a finite lifetime (similar to that observed in the seeding of small molecule crystals and colloids). The single biological takeaway of this study is that the concentration of native SOD1 in a cell can have a stronger effect on rates of seeded aggregation than the concentration of prion-like seed that infected the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M Baumer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76706 , United States
| | - Jordan C Koone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76706 , United States
| | - Bryan F Shaw
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Baylor University , Waco , Texas 76706 , United States
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Power MJ, Rogerson LE, Schubert T, Berens P, Euler T, Paquet-Durand F. Systematic spatiotemporal mapping reveals divergent cell death pathways in three mouse models of hereditary retinal degeneration. J Comp Neurol 2019; 528:1113-1139. [PMID: 31710697 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+ ) dysregulation has been linked to neuronal cell death, including in hereditary retinal degeneration. Ca2+ dysregulation is thought to cause rod and cone photoreceptor cell death. Spatial and temporal heterogeneities in retinal disease models have hampered validation of this hypothesis. We examined the role of Ca2+ in photoreceptor degeneration, assessing the activation pattern of Ca2+ -dependent calpain proteases, generating spatiotemporal maps of the entire retina in the cpfl1 mouse model for primary cone degeneration, and in the rd1 and rd10 models for primary rod degeneration. We used Gaussian process models to distinguish the temporal sequences of degenerative molecular processes from other variability sources.In the rd1 and rd10 models, spatiotemporal pattern of increased calpain activity matched the progression of primary rod degeneration. High calpain activity coincided with activation of the calpain-2 isoform but not with calpain-1, suggesting differential roles for both calpain isoforms. Primary rod loss was linked to upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor, although only a minute fraction of cells showed activity of the apoptotic marker caspase-3. After primary rod degeneration concluded, caspase-3 activation appeared in cones, suggesting apoptosis as the dominant mechanism for secondary cone loss. Gaussian process models highlighted calpain activity as a key event during primary rod photoreceptor cell death. Our data suggest a causal link between Ca2+ dysregulation and primary, nonapoptotic degeneration of photoreceptors and a role for apoptosis in secondary degeneration of cones, highlighting the importance of the spatial and temporal location of key molecular events, which may guide the evaluation of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Power
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience (GTC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luke E Rogerson
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience (GTC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Timm Schubert
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Berens
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Euler
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Tübingen, Germany
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Faiq MA, Sidhu T, Sofi RA, Singh HN, Qadri R, Dada R, Bhartiya S, Gagrani M, Dada T. A Novel Mathematical Model of Glaucoma Pathogenesis. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2019; 13:3-8. [PMID: 31496554 PMCID: PMC6710931 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10078-1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Conventional experimental approaches to understand glaucoma etiology and pathogenesis and, consequently, predict its course of progression have not seen much success due to the involvement of numerous molecular, cellular, and other moieties. An overwhelming number of these moieties at different levels combined with numerous environmental factors further complicate the intricacy. Interaction patterns between these factors are important to understand yet difficult to probe with conservative experimental approaches. Methods We performed a system-level analysis with mathematical modeling by developing and analyzing rate equations with respect to the cellular events in glaucoma pathogenesis. Twenty-two events were enlisted from the literature survey and were analyzed in terms of the sensitivity coefficient of retinal ganglion cells. A separate rate equation was developed for cellular stress also. The results were analyzed with respect to time, and the time course of the events with respect to various cellular moieties was analyzed. Results Our results suggest that microglia activation is among the earliest events in glaucoma pathogenesis. This modeling method yields a wealth of useful information which may serve as an important guide to better understand glaucoma pathogenesis and design experimental approaches and also identify useful diagnostic/predictive methods and important therapeutic targets. Conclusion We here report the first mathematical model for glaucoma pathogenesis which provides important insight into the sensitivity coefficient and glia-mediated pathology of glaucoma. How to cite this article Faiq MA, Sidhu T, et al. A Novel Mathematical Model of Glaucoma Pathogenesis. J Curr Glaucoma Pract 2019; 13(1):3–8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeb A Faiq
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Talvir Sidhu
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rayees A Sofi
- J&K Health Services Department, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Himanshu N Singh
- Functional Genomics Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), New Delhi, India; Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, UMR 1090, Marseille, France
| | - Rizwana Qadri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory for Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Shibal Bhartiya
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Meghal Gagrani
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Tanuj Dada
- Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF HYPERAUTOFLUORESCENT RINGS TO CHARACTERIZE THE NATURAL HISTORY AND PROGRESSION IN RPGR-ASSOCIATED RETINOPATHY. Retina 2019; 38:2401-2414. [PMID: 29016458 PMCID: PMC5797695 DOI: 10.1097/iae.0000000000001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Seventy to eighty percent of X-linked retinitis pigmentosa are associated with RPGR mutations. This disease-specific autofluorescence study provides data on baseline values, progression rates, symmetry, and associations with age and genotype. These findings can guide future treatment trials and contribute to clinical care of patients with RPGR-associated retinitis pigmentosa. Purpose: Quantitative analysis of hyperautofluorescent rings and progression in subjects with retinitis pigmentosa associated with retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene mutations. Methods: Prospective observational study of 46 subjects. Ring area, horizontal and vertical diameter measurements taken from outer and inner ring borders. Intraobserver repeatability, baseline measurements, progression rates, interocular symmetry, and association with age and genotype were investigated. Results: Baseline ring area was 11.8 ± 13.4 mm2 and 11.4 ± 13.2 mm2 for right and left eyes, respectively, with very strong interocular correlation (r = 0.9398; P < 0.0001). Ring area constriction was 1.5 ± 2.0 mm2/year and 1.3 ± 1.9 mm2/year for right and left eyes, respectively, with very strong interocular correlation (r = 0.878, P < 0.0001). Baseline ring area and constriction rate correlated negatively with age (r = −0.767; P < 0.0001 and r = −0.644, P < 0.0001, respectively). Constriction rate correlated strongly with baseline area (r = 0.850, P < 0.0001). Age, but not genotype, exerted a significant effect on constriction rates (P < 0.0001), with greatest rates of progression seen in younger subjects. An exponential decline overall was found. Conclusion: This study provides disease-specific baseline values and progression rates together with a repeatability assessment of fundus autofluorescence metrics. Our findings can guide future treatment trials and contribute to the clinical care of patients with RPGR-associated retinitis pigmentosa.
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Power M, Das S, Schütze K, Marigo V, Ekström P, Paquet-Durand F. Cellular mechanisms of hereditary photoreceptor degeneration - Focus on cGMP. Prog Retin Eye Res 2019; 74:100772. [PMID: 31374251 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The cellular mechanisms underlying hereditary photoreceptor degeneration are still poorly understood, a problem that is exacerbated by the enormous genetic heterogeneity of this disease group. However, the last decade has yielded a wealth of new knowledge on degenerative pathways and their diversity. Notably, a central role of cGMP-signalling has surfaced for photoreceptor cell death triggered by a subset of disease-causing mutations. In this review, we examine key aspects relevant for photoreceptor degeneration of hereditary origin. The topics covered include energy metabolism, epigenetics, protein quality control, as well as cGMP- and Ca2+-signalling, and how the related molecular and metabolic processes may trigger photoreceptor demise. We compare and integrate evidence on different cell death mechanisms that have been associated with photoreceptor degeneration, including apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis, and PARthanatos. A special focus is then put on the mechanisms of cGMP-dependent cell death and how exceedingly high photoreceptor cGMP levels may cause activation of Ca2+-dependent calpain-type proteases, histone deacetylases and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase. An evaluation of the available literature reveals that a large group of patients suffering from hereditary photoreceptor degeneration carry mutations that are likely to trigger cGMP-dependent cell death, making this pathway a prime target for future therapy development. Finally, an outlook is given into technological and methodological developments that will with time likely contribute to a comprehensive overview over the entire metabolic complexity of photoreceptor cell death. Building on such developments, new imaging technology and novel biomarkers may be used to develop clinical test strategies, that fully consider the genetic heterogeneity of hereditary retinal degenerations, in order to facilitate clinical testing of novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Power
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Integrative Neurosciences (CIN), University of Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience (GTC), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Soumyaparna Das
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany; Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience (GTC), University of Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Valeria Marigo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Per Ekström
- Ophthalmology, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - François Paquet-Durand
- Cell Death Mechanism Group, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Linsley JW, Tripathi A, Epstein I, Schmunk G, Mount E, Campioni M, Oza V, Barch M, Javaherian A, Nowakowski TJ, Samsi S, Finkbeiner S. Automated four-dimensional long term imaging enables single cell tracking within organotypic brain slices to study neurodevelopment and degeneration. Commun Biol 2019; 2:155. [PMID: 31069265 PMCID: PMC6494885 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0411-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Current approaches for dynamic profiling of single cells rely on dissociated cultures, which lack important biological features existing in tissues. Organotypic slice cultures preserve aspects of structural and synaptic organisation within the brain and are amenable to microscopy, but established techniques are not well adapted for high throughput or longitudinal single cell analysis. Here we developed a custom-built, automated confocal imaging platform, with improved organotypic slice culture and maintenance. The approach enables fully automated image acquisition and four-dimensional tracking of morphological changes within individual cells in organotypic cultures from rodent and human primary tissues for at least 3 weeks. To validate this system, we analysed neurons expressing a disease-associated version of huntingtin (HTT586Q138-EGFP), and observed that they displayed hallmarks of Huntington's disease and died sooner than controls. By facilitating longitudinal single-cell analyses of neuronal physiology, our system bridges scales necessary to attain statistical power to detect developmental and disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W Linsley
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Atmiyata Tripathi
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Irina Epstein
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Galina Schmunk
- 2Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Elliot Mount
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Matthew Campioni
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Viral Oza
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Mariya Barch
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Ashkan Javaherian
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Tomasz J Nowakowski
- 2Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
| | - Siddharth Samsi
- 3Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, L-4367 Luxembourg
- 9Present Address: MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA 02421 USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Gladstone Center for Systems and Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- 4Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- 5Biomedical Sciences and Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
- 6Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- 7Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
- 8Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158 USA
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Kiser K, Webb-Jones KD, Bowne SJ, Sullivan LS, Daiger SP, Birch DG. Time Course of Disease Progression of PRPF31-mediated Retinitis Pigmentosa. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 200:76-84. [PMID: 30582903 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Variants in PRPF31, a splicing factor, are a common cause of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Deleterious variants are thought to cause disease by haploinsufficiency. In anticipation of upcoming replacement gene therapy trials, we present the phenotype and clinical progression of a large cohort of patients with PRPF31-mediated RP. DESIGN Cross-sectional with retrospective review. METHODS A total of 26 patients with RP and 5 asymptomatic individuals, all with deleterious variants in PRPF31 (from 13 families), were selected from our database of patients followed longitudinally. Ages ranged from 9 to 77 years (mean 47 years), with an average follow-up time of 16 years. All patients underwent ophthalmic examination including psychophysical tests, electrophysiology, and imaging. All available records were reviewed retrospectively. Additionally, all patients were contacted, and all available patients (n = 7) were examined in an additional prospective follow-up visit. RESULTS Age of onset ranged from 6 to 71 years, without apparent relationship to specific variant. Two adults (aged 42 and 77 years) and 3 teenaged children were found to harbor a mutation with no evidence of RP. In those with RP, visual field area (spot size III) declined exponentially at a rate of 8.1% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.6-10.6), cone electroretinogram amplitude declined exponentially at a rate of 7.3% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% CI 5.4-9.1), and ellipsoid zone area declined exponentially at a rate of 5.4% per year of disease duration (P < .001, 95% CI 3.7-7.1). CONCLUSIONS PRPF31-mediated retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by a variable age of onset. Once disease develops, it follows a predictable exponential time course.
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Tee JJL, Yang Y, Kalitzeos A, Webster A, Bainbridge J, Weleber RG, Michaelides M. Characterization of Visual Function, Interocular Variability and Progression Using Static Perimetry-Derived Metrics in RPGR-Associated Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:2422-2436. [PMID: 29847648 PMCID: PMC5947973 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-23739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To characterize bilateral visual function, interocular variability and progression by using static perimetry-derived volumetric and pointwise metrics in subjects with retinitis pigmentosa associated with mutations in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator (RPGR) gene. Methods This was a prospective longitudinal observational study of 47 genetically confirmed subjects. Visual function was assessed with ETDRS and Pelli-Robson charts; and Octopus 900 static perimetry using a customized, radially oriented 185-point grid. Three-dimensional hill-of-vision topographic models were produced and interrogated with the Visual Field Modeling and Analysis software to obtain three volumetric metrics: VTotal, V30, and V5. These were analyzed together with Octopus mean sensitivity values. Interocular differences were assessed with the Bland-Altman method. Metric-specific exponential decline rates were calculated. Results Baseline symmetry was demonstrated by relative interocular difference values of 1% for VTotal and 8% with V30. Degree of symmetry varied between subjects and was quantified with the subject percentage interocular difference (SPID). SPID was 16% for VTotal and 17% for V30. Interocular symmetry in progression was greatest when quantified by VTotal and V30, with 73% and 64% of subjects possessing interocular rate differences smaller in magnitude than respective annual progression rates. Functional decline was evident with increasing age. An overall annual exponential decline of 6% was evident with both VTotal and V30. Conclusions In general, good interocular symmetry exists; however, there was both variation between subjects and with the use of various metrics. Our findings will guide patient selection and design of RPGR treatment trials, and provide clinicians with specific prognostic information to offer patients affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J L Tee
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yesa Yang
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Kalitzeos
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Bainbridge
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard G Weleber
- Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Michel Michaelides
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Tee JJL, Yang Y, Kalitzeos A, Webster A, Bainbridge J, Michaelides M. Natural History Study of Retinal Structure, Progression, and Symmetry Using Ellipzoid Zone Metrics in RPGR-Associated Retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 2019; 198:111-123. [PMID: 30312579 PMCID: PMC6355316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This is a quantitative study of retinal structure, progression rates, and interocular symmetry in retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator gene (RPGR)-associated retinopathy using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). DESIGN Prospective, observational cohort study. METHODS Thirty-eight subjects at Moorfields Eye Hospital in London were assessed with 2 spectral-domain OCT-derived ellipzoid zone (EZ) metrics with repeatability assessments. EZ width (EZW) measurements were made on transfoveal line scans. En face images of the EZ area (EZA) were generated from high-density macular volume scans and were quantified. Baseline size, progression rate, symmetry, associations with age and genotype, and baseline structure-function correlation were investigated. RESULTS Baseline EZW and EZA measurements were 1963.6 μm and 3.70 mm2, respectively. The mean EZW progression rate was 233.6 μm per year, and the mean EZA rate was 0.67 mm2 per year. Relative interocular difference as an index of symmetry was 3% for both metrics, indicating good baseline symmetry in general-although significant variation existed across the cohort. Analysis of variance found a significant effect of age but not genotype on EZ dimension and progression rates. Larger EZ dimension and greater progression were seen in younger subjects. A positive correlation between EZ dimension and progression was evident. Overall exponential decline rates of 8.2% with EZW and 15.5% with EZA were obtained. Good functional correlation was found with EZW demonstrating stronger correlation; however, EZA correlation with function was also significant. CONCLUSIONS EZ metrics are sensitive structural biomarkers for measuring residual extent and progression in RPGR-associated retinopathy. Our elucidation of the natural history will provide clinicians and patients with more knowledge about the condition and inform the design and interpretation of interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J L Tee
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yesa Yang
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Kalitzeos
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Webster
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Bainbridge
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Michaelides
- University College London Institute of Ophthalmology and Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Kim C, Lee M, Lee SU, Lee SJ. Electroretinography Changes in Feline Model of Iodoacetic Acid-induced Retinal Degeneration. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2019.60.12.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Changzoo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Myungshin Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Seung Uk Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Sang Joon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Cideciyan AV, Charng J, Roman AJ, Sheplock R, Garafalo AV, Heon E, Jacobson SG. Progression in X-linked Retinitis Pigmentosa Due toORF15-RPGRMutations: Assessment of Localized Vision Changes Over 2 Years. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 59:4558-4566. [DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur V. Cideciyan
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jason Charng
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alejandro J. Roman
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Rebecca Sheplock
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Alexandra V. Garafalo
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Elise Heon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samuel G. Jacobson
- Scheie Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Retinal Degeneration in Choroideremia follows an Exponential Decay Function. Ophthalmology 2018; 125:1122-1124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Fricker M, Tolkovsky AM, Borutaite V, Coleman M, Brown GC. Neuronal Cell Death. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:813-880. [PMID: 29488822 PMCID: PMC5966715 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00011.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 673] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal cell death occurs extensively during development and pathology, where it is especially important because of the limited capacity of adult neurons to proliferate or be replaced. The concept of cell death used to be simple as there were just two or three types, so we just had to work out which type was involved in our particular pathology and then block it. However, we now know that there are at least a dozen ways for neurons to die, that blocking a particular mechanism of cell death may not prevent the cell from dying, and that non-neuronal cells also contribute to neuronal death. We review here the mechanisms of neuronal death by intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis, oncosis, necroptosis, parthanatos, ferroptosis, sarmoptosis, autophagic cell death, autosis, autolysis, paraptosis, pyroptosis, phagoptosis, and mitochondrial permeability transition. We next explore the mechanisms of neuronal death during development, and those induced by axotomy, aberrant cell-cycle reentry, glutamate (excitoxicity and oxytosis), loss of connected neurons, aggregated proteins and the unfolded protein response, oxidants, inflammation, and microglia. We then reassess which forms of cell death occur in stroke and Alzheimer's disease, two of the most important pathologies involving neuronal cell death. We also discuss why it has been so difficult to pinpoint the type of neuronal death involved, if and why the mechanism of neuronal death matters, the molecular overlap and interplay between death subroutines, and the therapeutic implications of these multiple overlapping forms of neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fricker
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Aviva M Tolkovsky
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Vilmante Borutaite
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Coleman
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Guy C Brown
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales , Australia ; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom ; Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences , Kaunas , Lithuania ; and Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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Kinetic analysis of cell decay during the filling process: Application to lot size determination in manufacturing systems for human induced pluripotent and mesenchymal stem cells. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2017.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Kaasinen V, Vahlberg T. Striatal dopamine in
P
arkinson disease: A meta‐analysis of imaging studies. Ann Neurol 2017; 82:873-882. [DOI: 10.1002/ana.25103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valtteri Kaasinen
- Division of Clinical NeurosciencesTurku University Hospital
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of Turku
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- Departments of Clinical Medicine
- BiostatisticsUniversity of TurkuTurku Finland
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