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Guelfi S, Hodivala-Dilke K, Bergers G. Targeting the tumour vasculature: from vessel destruction to promotion. Nat Rev Cancer 2024:10.1038/s41568-024-00736-0. [PMID: 39210063 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-024-00736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
As angiogenesis was recognized as a core hallmark of cancer growth and survival, several strategies have been implemented to target the tumour vasculature. Yet to date, attempts have rarely been so diverse, ranging from vessel growth inhibition and destruction to vessel normalization, reprogramming and vessel growth promotion. Some of these strategies, combined with standard of care, have translated into improved cancer therapies, but their successes are constrained to certain cancer types. This Review provides an overview of these vascular targeting approaches and puts them into context based on our subsequent improved understanding of the tumour vasculature as an integral part of the tumour microenvironment with which it is functionally interlinked. This new knowledge has already led to dual targeting of the vascular and immune cell compartments and sets the scene for future investigations of possible alternative approaches that consider the vascular link with other tumour microenvironment components for improved cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Guelfi
- Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kairbaan Hodivala-Dilke
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, London, UK.
| | - Gabriele Bergers
- Department of Oncology, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology and KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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2
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Li Y, Quan X, Tai Y, Wu YT, Wei B, Wu H. Causal association between 731 immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization analysis. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:1156-1166. [PMID: 39221101 PMCID: PMC11362904 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i8.1156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cirrhosis is a progressive hepatic disease whose immunological basis has attracted increasing attention. However, it remains unclear whether a concrete causal association exists between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis. AIM To explore the concrete causal relationships between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis through a mendelian randomization (MR) study. METHODS Data on 731 immunocyte phenotypes were obtained from genome-wide association studies. Liver cirrhosis data were derived from the Finn Gen dataset, which included 214403 individuals of European ancestry. We used inverse variable weighting as the primary analysis method to assess the causal relationship. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to evaluate heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. RESULTS The MR analysis demonstrated that 11 immune cell phenotypes have a positive association with liver cirrhosis [P < 0.05, odds ratio (OR) > 1] and that 9 immunocyte phenotypes were negatively correlated with liver cirrhosis (P < 0.05, OR < 1). Liver cirrhosis was positively linked to 9 immune cell phenotypes (P < 0.05, OR > 1) and negatively linked to 10 immune cell phenotypes (P < 0.05; OR < 1). None of these associations showed heterogeneity or horizontally pleiotropy (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION This bidirectional two-sample MR study demonstrated a concrete causal association between immunocyte phenotypes and liver cirrhosis. These findings offer new directions for the treatment of liver cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Xin Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Tai
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yu-Tong Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
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3
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Bosch M, Kallin N, Donakonda S, Zhang JD, Wintersteller H, Hegenbarth S, Heim K, Ramirez C, Fürst A, Lattouf EI, Feuerherd M, Chattopadhyay S, Kumpesa N, Griesser V, Hoflack JC, Siebourg-Polster J, Mogler C, Swadling L, Pallett LJ, Meiser P, Manske K, de Almeida GP, Kosinska AD, Sandu I, Schneider A, Steinbacher V, Teng Y, Schnabel J, Theis F, Gehring AJ, Boonstra A, Janssen HLA, Vandenbosch M, Cuypers E, Öllinger R, Engleitner T, Rad R, Steiger K, Oxenius A, Lo WL, Klepsch V, Baier G, Holzmann B, Maini MK, Heeren R, Murray PJ, Thimme R, Herrmann C, Protzer U, Böttcher JP, Zehn D, Wohlleber D, Lauer GM, Hofmann M, Luangsay S, Knolle PA. A liver immune rheostat regulates CD8 T cell immunity in chronic HBV infection. Nature 2024; 631:867-875. [PMID: 38987588 PMCID: PMC11269190 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07630-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection affects 300 million patients worldwide1,2, in whom virus-specific CD8 T cells by still ill-defined mechanisms lose their function and cannot eliminate HBV-infected hepatocytes3-7. Here we demonstrate that a liver immune rheostat renders virus-specific CD8 T cells refractory to activation and leads to their loss of effector functions. In preclinical models of persistent infection with hepatotropic viruses such as HBV, dysfunctional virus-specific CXCR6+ CD8 T cells accumulated in the liver and, as a characteristic hallmark, showed enhanced transcriptional activity of cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) distinct from T cell exhaustion. In patients with chronic hepatitis B, circulating and intrahepatic HBV-specific CXCR6+ CD8 T cells with enhanced CREM expression and transcriptional activity were detected at a frequency of 12-22% of HBV-specific CD8 T cells. Knocking out the inhibitory CREM/ICER isoform in T cells, however, failed to rescue T cell immunity. This indicates that CREM activity was a consequence, rather than the cause, of loss in T cell function, further supported by the observation of enhanced phosphorylation of protein kinase A (PKA) which is upstream of CREM. Indeed, we found that enhanced cAMP-PKA-signalling from increased T cell adenylyl cyclase activity augmented CREM activity and curbed T cell activation and effector function in persistent hepatic infection. Mechanistically, CD8 T cells recognizing their antigen on hepatocytes established close and extensive contact with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, thereby enhancing adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA signalling in T cells. In these hepatic CD8 T cells, which recognize their antigen on hepatocytes, phosphorylation of key signalling kinases of the T cell receptor signalling pathway was impaired, which rendered them refractory to activation. Thus, close contact with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells curbs the activation and effector function of HBV-specific CD8 T cells that target hepatocytes expressing viral antigens by means of the adenylyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA axis in an immune rheostat-like fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bosch
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Nina Kallin
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Sainitin Donakonda
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Jitao David Zhang
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hannah Wintersteller
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Hegenbarth
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Heim
- Third Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Ramirez
- Health Data Science Unit, Biomedical Genomics Group, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Fürst
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Isaac Lattouf
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Feuerherd
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sutirtha Chattopadhyay
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Nadine Kumpesa
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Griesser
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Christophe Hoflack
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juliane Siebourg-Polster
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolin Mogler
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Swadling
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Laura J Pallett
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Philippa Meiser
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Manske
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gustavo P de Almeida
- Institute of Immunology and Animal Physiology, School of Life Science, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna D Kosinska
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Munich site, Munich, Germany
| | - Ioana Sandu
- Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Schneider
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Vincent Steinbacher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Yan Teng
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Schnabel
- Institute of Machine Learning and Biomedical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam J Gehring
- Toronto Centre for Liver Disease and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andre Boonstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harry L A Janssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michiel Vandenbosch
- Institute of Multimodal Imaging, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eva Cuypers
- Institute of Multimodal Imaging, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rupert Öllinger
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Engleitner
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Roland Rad
- Institute of Molecular Oncology and Functional Genomics, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Comparative Experimental Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Wan-Lin Lo
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Victoria Klepsch
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gottfried Baier
- Institute of Cell Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernhard Holzmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Mala K Maini
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Ron Heeren
- Institute of Multimodal Imaging, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J Murray
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Third Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl Herrmann
- Health Data Science Unit, Biomedical Genomics Group, Bioquant, Faculty of Medicine Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Immunology and Animal Physiology, School of Life Science, TUM, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM, Munich, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan P Böttcher
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Dietmar Zehn
- Institute of Immunology and Animal Physiology, School of Life Science, TUM, Munich, Germany
| | - Dirk Wohlleber
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Third Department of Medicine, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Souphalone Luangsay
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development (pRED), Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research, Munich site, Munich, Germany.
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, School of Life Science, TUM, Munich, Germany.
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4
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Pires da Silva I, Li I, Ugurel S, Serra-Bellver P, Andhale A, Burnette H, Aya F, Conway JW, Braden J, Carlino MS, Menzies AM, Weichenthal M, Mohr P, Gutzmer R, Arance AM, Johnson DB, Lorigan P, Schadendorf D, Lo SN, Long GV. Anti-PD-1 alone or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 for advanced melanoma patients with liver metastases. Eur J Cancer 2024; 205:114101. [PMID: 38735161 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2024.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 has been associated with improvement in response and survival over anti-PD-1 monotherapy in unselected patients with advanced melanoma. Whether patients with liver metastases also benefit from the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 over anti-PD-1, is unclear. In this study, we sought to assess whether the combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 leads to better response, progression-free survival and overall survival, compared with anti-PD-1 monotherapy for patients with liver metastases. METHODS We have conducted an international multicentre retrospective study. Patients with advanced melanoma with liver metastases treated with 1st line anti-PD1 monotherapy or with anti-CTLA-4 were included. The endpoints of this study were: objective response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival. RESULTS With a median follow-up from commencement of anti-PD-1 monotherapy or in combination with anti-CTLA-4 of 47 months (95% CI, 42-51), objective response rate was higher with combination therapy (47%) versus anti-PD-1 monotherapy (35%) (p = 0.0027), while progression-free survival and overall survival were not statistically different between both treatment groups. However, on multivariable analysis with multiple imputation for missing values and adjusting for predefined variables, combination of anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4 was associated with higher objective response (OR 2.21, 1.46 - 3.36; p < 0.001), progression-free survival (HR 0.73, 0.57 - 0.92; p = 0.009) and overall survival (HR 0.71, 0.54 - 0.94; p = 0.018) compared to anti-PD1 monotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this study will help guide treatment selection for patients who present with liver metastases, suggesting that combination therapy should be considered for this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Pires da Silva
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Isabel Li
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Selma Ugurel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany
| | | | | | - Hannah Burnette
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Francisco Aya
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordan W Conway
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jorja Braden
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre Westmead, Blacktown Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander M Menzies
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Weichenthal
- University Skin Cancer Center Kiel, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter Mohr
- Elbe-Klinikum Buxtehude, Buxtehude, Germany
| | - Ralf Gutzmer
- Ruhr University Bochum Campus Minden, Minden, Germany
| | - Ana M Arance
- Department of Medical Oncology, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Paul Lorigan
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, Essen, Germany; Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum (WTZ) & National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT-West), Campus Essen & University Alliance Ruhr, Research Center One Health, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Serigne N Lo
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine & Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal North Shore and Mater Hospitals, Sydney, Australia.
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5
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He Q, He W, Dong H, Guo Y, Yuan G, Shi X, Wang D, Lu F. Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cell in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:346. [PMID: 38943171 PMCID: PMC11214243 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01720-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are highly specialized endothelial cells that represent the interface between blood cells on one side and hepatocytes on the other side. LSECs not only form a barrier within the hepatic sinus, but also play important physiological functions such as regulating hepatic vascular pressure, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic. Pathologically, pathogenic factors can induce LSECs capillarization, that is, loss of fenestra and dysfunction, which are conducive to early steatosis, lay the foundation for the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and accelerate metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and liver fibrosis. The unique localization, phenotype, and function of LSECs make them potential candidates for reducing liver injury, inflammation, and preventing or reversing fibrosis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiongyao He
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wu He
- Division of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yujin Guo
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoli Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Fuer Lu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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6
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Papadopoulos G, Giannousi E, Avdi AP, Velliou RI, Nikolakopoulou P, Chatzigeorgiou A. Τ cell-mediated adaptive immunity in the transition from metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis to hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1343806. [PMID: 38774646 PMCID: PMC11106433 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1343806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is the progressed version of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) characterized by inflammation and fibrosis, but also a pathophysiological "hub" that favors the emergence of liver malignancies. Current research efforts aim to identify risk factors, discover disease biomarkers, and aid patient stratification in the context of MASH-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most prevalent cancer among MASLD patients. To investigate the tumorigenic transition in MASH-induced HCC, researchers predominantly exploit preclinical animal-based MASH models and studies based on archived human biopsies and clinical trials. Recapitulating the immune response during tumor development and progression is vital to obtain mechanistic insights into MASH-induced HCC. Notably, the advanced complexity behind MASLD and MASH pathogenesis shifted the research focus towards innate immunity, a fundamental element of the hepatic immune niche that is usually altered robustly in the course of liver disease. During the last few years, however, there has been an increasing interest for deciphering the role of adaptive immunity in MASH-induced HCC, particularly regarding the functions of the various T cell populations. To effectively understand the specific role of T cells in MASH-induced HCC development, scientists should urgently fill the current knowledge gaps in this field. Pinpointing the metabolic signature, sketching the immune landscape, and characterizing the cellular interactions and dynamics of the specific T cells within the MASH-HCC liver are essential to unravel the mechanisms that adaptive immunity exploits to enable the emergence and progression of this cancer. To this end, our review aims to summarize the current state of research regarding the T cell functions linked to MASH-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Papadopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Eirini Giannousi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini P. Avdi
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Rallia-Iliana Velliou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences (AIMES), Karolinska Institute and KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonios Chatzigeorgiou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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7
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Quaranta V, Ballarò C, Giannelli G. Macrophages Orchestrate the Liver Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1772. [PMID: 38730724 PMCID: PMC11083142 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16091772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma are the most common types, and despite numerous advances, therapeutic options still remain poor for these cancer patients. Tumor development and progression strictly depend on a supportive tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells population within a tumorigenic liver; they sustain cancer cells' growth and invasiveness, and their presence is correlated with a poor prognosis. Furthermore, TAM cross-talk with cells and components of the TME promotes immunosuppression, a desmoplastic response, and angiogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest advances in understanding TAM heterogeneity and function, with a particular focus on TAM modulation of the TME. We also discuss the potential of targeting macrophage subpopulations and how this is now being exploited in current clinical trials for the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Quaranta
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, IRCCS “S. de Bellis” Research Hospital, Via Turi 27, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy (G.G.)
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8
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Zhou AW, Jin J, Liu Y. Cellular strategies to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation: Clinical perspectives. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:1791-1800. [PMID: 38659486 PMCID: PMC11036497 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i13.1791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) has become the most efficient treatment for pediatric and adult end-stage liver disease and the survival time after transplantation is becoming longer due to the development of surgical techniques and perioperative management. However, long-term side-effects of immunosuppressants, like infection, metabolic disorders and malignant tumor are gaining more attention. Immune tolerance is the status in which LT recipients no longer need to take any immunosuppressants, but the liver function and intrahepatic histology maintain normal. The approaches to achieve immune tolerance after transplantation include spontaneous, operational and induced tolerance. The first two means require no specific intervention but withdrawing immunosuppressant gradually during follow-up. No clinical factors or biomarkers so far could accurately predict who are suitable for immunosuppressant withdraw after transplantation. With the understanding to the underlying mechanisms of immune tolerance, many strategies have been developed to induce tolerance in LT recipients. Cellular strategy is one of the most promising methods for immune tolerance induction, including chimerism induced by hematopoietic stem cells and adoptive transfer of regulatory immune cells. The safety and efficacy of various cell products have been evaluated by prospective preclinical and clinical trials, while obstacles still exist before translating into clinical practice. Here, we will summarize the latest perspectives and concerns on the clinical application of cellular strategies in LT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Wei Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Nursing, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
- Department of Liver Transplantation, Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Shanghai 200127, China
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9
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Mladenić K, Lenartić M, Marinović S, Polić B, Wensveen FM. The "Domino effect" in MASLD: The inflammatory cascade of steatohepatitis. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2149641. [PMID: 38314819 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is an increasingly common complication of obesity, affecting over a quarter of the global adult population. A key event in the pathophysiology of MASLD is the development of metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), which greatly increases the chances of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The underlying cause of MASH is multifactorial, but accumulating evidence indicates that the inflammatory process in the hepatic microenvironment typically follows a pattern that can be roughly divided into three stages: (1) Detection of hepatocyte stress by tissue-resident immune cells including γδ T cells and CD4-CD8- double-negative T cells, followed by their secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, most notably IL-17A. (2) Recruitment of pro-inflammatory cells, mostly of the myeloid lineage, and initiation of inflammation through secretion of effector-type cytokines such as TNF, TGF-β, and IL-1β. (3) Escalation of the inflammatory response by recruitment of lymphocytes including Th17, CD8 T, and B cells leading to chronic inflammation, hepatic stellate cell activation, and fibrosis. Here we will discuss these three stages and how they are consecutively linked like falling domino tiles to the pathophysiology of MASH. Moreover, we will highlight the clinical potential of inflammation as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the treatment of MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Mladenić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Maja Lenartić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Sonja Marinović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Personalized Medicine, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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10
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Li Z, Wang S, Xu Q, Su X, Wang Y, Wang L, Zhang Y. The double roles of T cell-mediated immune response in the progression of MASLD. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116333. [PMID: 38479177 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD), has become a major cause of chronic liver disease and a significant risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, which poses a huge burden on global public health and economy. MASLD includes steatotic liver disease, steatohepatitis, and cirrhosis, and the latter two cause great harm to human health and life, even complicated with liver cancer. Immunologic mechanism plays a major role in promoting its development into hepatitis and cirrhosis. Now more and more evidences show that T cells play an important role in the progression of MASLD. In this review, we discuss the double roles of T cells in MASLD from the perspective of T cell response pathways, as well as new evidences regarding the possible application of immunomodulatory therapy in MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zigan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Shujun Wang
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qinchen Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Xin Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yunshan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250021, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Third Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250031, China.
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11
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Borroni E, Borsotti C, Cirsmaru RA, Kalandadze V, Famà R, Merlin S, Brown B, Follenzi A. Immune tolerance promotion by LSEC-specific lentiviral vector-mediated expression of the transgene regulated by the stabilin-2 promoter. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102116. [PMID: 38333675 PMCID: PMC10850788 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) are specialized endocytic cells that clear the body from blood-borne pathogens and waste macromolecules through scavenger receptors (SRs). Among the various SRs expressed by LSECs is stabilin-2 (STAB2), a class H SR that binds to several ligands, among which endogenous coagulation products. Given the well-established tolerogenic function of LSECs, we asked whether the STAB2 promoter (STAB2p) would enable us to achieve LSEC-specific lentiviral vector (LV)-mediated transgene expression, and whether the expression of this transgene would be maintained over the long term due to tolerance induction. Here, we show that STAB2p ensures LSEC-specific green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression by LV in the absence of a specific cytotoxic CD8+ T cell immune response, even in the presence of GFP-specific CD8+ T cells, confirming the robust tolerogenic function of LSECs. Finally, we show that our delivery system can partially and permanently restore FVIII activity in a mouse model of severe hemophilia A without the formation of anti-FVIII antibodies. Overall, our findings establish the suitability of STAB2p for long-term LSEC-restricted expression of therapeutic proteins, such as FVIII, or to achieve antigen-specific immune tolerance in auto-immune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Borroni
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Borsotti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Roberta A. Cirsmaru
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Vakhtang Kalandadze
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Rosella Famà
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Simone Merlin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Brian Brown
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York 10029, NY, USA
| | - Antonia Follenzi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Attività Integrate Ricerca Innovazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria SS. Antonio e Biagio e C.Arrigo, Alessandria, Italy
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12
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Liu Q, Chen G, Liu X, Tao L, Fan Y, Xia T. Tolerogenic Nano-/Microparticle Vaccines for Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38323542 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases, allergies, transplant rejections, generation of antidrug antibodies, and chronic inflammatory diseases have impacted a large group of people across the globe. Conventional treatments and therapies often use systemic or broad immunosuppression with serious efficacy and safety issues. Tolerogenic vaccines represent a concept that has been extended from their traditional immune-modulating function to induction of antigen-specific tolerance through the generation of regulatory T cells. Without impairing immune homeostasis, tolerogenic vaccines dampen inflammation and induce tolerogenic regulation. However, achieving the desired potency of tolerogenic vaccines as preventive and therapeutic modalities calls for precise manipulation of the immune microenvironment and control over the tolerogenic responses against the autoantigens, allergens, and/or alloantigens. Engineered nano-/microparticles possess desirable design features that can bolster targeted immune regulation and enhance the induction of antigen-specific tolerance. Thus, particle-based tolerogenic vaccines hold great promise in clinical translation for future treatment of aforementioned immune disorders. In this review, we highlight the main strategies to employ particles as exciting tolerogenic vaccines, with a focus on the particles' role in facilitating the induction of antigen-specific tolerance. We describe the particle design features that facilitate their usage and discuss the challenges and opportunities for designing next-generation particle-based tolerogenic vaccines with robust efficacy to promote antigen-specific tolerance for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Guoqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xingchi Liu
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Lu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian Xia
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States
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13
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Qu FJ, Zhou Y, Wu S. Progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy for non-small cell lung cancer with liver metastases. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:165-175. [PMID: 37945751 PMCID: PMC10803805 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02482-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly one-fifth of patients with non-small cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) will develop liver metastases (LMs), and the overall treatment strategy of LMs will directly affect the survival of patients. However, some retrospective studies have found that patients receiving chemotherapy or targeted therapy have a poorer prognosis once LMs develop. In recent years, multiple randomised controlled trials (RCTS) have shown significant improvements in outcomes for patients with advanced lung cancer following the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) compared to conventional chemotherapy. ICIs is safe and effective in patients with LMs, although patients with LMs are mostly underrepresented in randomised clinical trials. However, NSCLC patients with LMs have a significantly worse prognosis than those without LMs when treated with ICIs, and the mechanism by which LMs induce systemic anti-tumour immunity reduction is unknown, so the management of LMs in patients with NSCLC is a clinical challenge that requires more optimised therapies to achieve effective disease control. In this review, we summarised the mechanism of ICIs in the treatment of LMs, the clinical research and treatment progress of ICIs and their combination with other therapies in patients with LMs from NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Jie Qu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dalian Third People's Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116033, Dalian, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dalian Third People's Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116033, Dalian, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Dalian Third People's Hospital of Dalian Medical University, 116033, Dalian, China
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14
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Yang R, Zheng T, Xiang H, Liu M, Hu K. Lung single-cell RNA profiling reveals response of pulmonary capillary to sepsis-induced acute lung injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1308915. [PMID: 38348045 PMCID: PMC10859485 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1308915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) poses a significant threat to human health. Endothelial cells, especially pulmonary capillaries, are the primary barriers against sepsis in the lungs. Therefore, investigating endothelial cell function is essential to understand the pathophysiological processes of sepsis-induced ALI. Methods We downloaded single-cell RNA-seq expression data from GEO with accession number GSE207651. The mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery, and lung tissue samples were collected at 0, 24, and 48 h. The cells were annotated using the CellMarker database and FindAllMarkers functions. GO enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape software. Gene set enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and variation Analysis (GSVA) were performed to identify differential signaling pathways. Differential expression genes were collected with the "FindMarkers" function. The R package AUCell was used to score individual cells for pathway activities. The Cellchat package was used to explore intracellular communication. Results Granulocytes increased significantly as the duration of endotoxemia increased. However, the number of T cells, NK cells, and B cells declined. Pulmonary capillary cells were grouped into three sub-clusters. Capillary-3 cells were enriched in the sham group, but declined sharply in the CLP.24 group. Capillary-1 cells peaked in the CLP.24 group, while Capillary-2 cells were enriched in the CLP.48 group. Furthermore, we found that Cd74+ Capillary-3 cells mainly participated in immune interactions. Plat+ Capillary-1 and Clec1a+ Capillary-2 are involved in various physiological processes. Regarding cell-cell interactions, Plat+ Capillary-1 plays the most critical role in granulocyte adherence to capillaries during ALI. Cd74+ Capillary cells expressing high levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and mainly interacted with Cd8a+ T cells in the sham group. Conclusion Plat+ capillaries are involved in the innate immune response through their interaction with neutrophils via ICAM-1 adhesion during endotoxemia, while Cd74+ capillaries epxressed high level of MHC proteins play a role in adaptive immune response through their interaction with T cells. However, it remains unclear whether the function of Cd74+ capillaries leans towards immunity or tolerance, and further studies are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhao Yang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Chen J, Chan TTH, Zhou J. Lipid metabolism in the immune niche of tumor-prone liver microenvironment. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:68-84. [PMID: 37474318 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a common primary site not only for tumorigenesis, but also for cancer metastasis. Advanced cancer patients with liver metastases also show reduced response rates and survival benefits when treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Accumulating evidence has highlighted the importance of the liver immune microenvironment in determining tumorigenesis, metastasis-organotropism, and immunotherapy resistance. Various immune cells such as T cells, natural killer and natural killer T cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, and stromal cells including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatocytes are implicated in contributing to the immune niche of tumor-prone liver microenvironment. In parallel, as the major organ for lipid metabolism, the increased abundance of lipids and their metabolites is linked to processes crucial for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and related liver cancer development. Furthermore, the proliferation, differentiation, and functions of hepatic immune and stromal cells are also reported to be regulated by lipid metabolism. Therefore, targeting lipid metabolism may hold great potential to reprogram the immunosuppressive liver microenvironment and synergistically enhance the immunotherapy efficacy in the circumstance of liver metastasis. In this review, we describe how the hepatic microenvironment adapts to the lipid metabolic alterations in pathologic conditions like nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We also illustrate how these immunometabolic alterations promote the development of liver cancers and immunotherapy resistance. Finally, we discuss the current therapeutic options and hypothetic combination immunotherapies for the treatment of advanced liver cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintian Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Thomas T H Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, SAR, P.R. China
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16
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Kusumoputro S, Au C, Lam KH, Park N, Hyun A, Kusumoputro E, Wang X, Xia T. Liver-Targeting Nanoplatforms for the Induction of Immune Tolerance. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:67. [PMID: 38202522 PMCID: PMC10780512 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Liver-targeting nanoparticles have emerged as a promising platform for the induction of immune tolerance by taking advantage of the liver's unique tolerogenic properties and nanoparticles' physicochemical flexibility. Such an approach provides a versatile solution to the treatment of a diversity of immunologic diseases. In this review, we begin by assessing the design parameters integral to cell-specific targeting and the tolerogenic induction of nanoplatforms engineered to target the four critical immunogenic hepatic cells, including liver sinusoidal epithelial cells (LSECs), Kupffer cells (KCs), hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), and hepatocytes. We also include an overview of multiple therapeutic strategies in which nanoparticles are being studied to treat many allergies and autoimmune disorders. Finally, we explore the challenges of using nanoparticles in this field while highlighting future avenues to expand the therapeutic utility of liver-targeting nanoparticles in autoimmune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Kusumoputro
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.K.); (N.P.)
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Christian Au
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
| | - Katie H. Lam
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Nathaniel Park
- Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; (S.K.); (N.P.)
| | - Austin Hyun
- Department of Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emily Kusumoputro
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA;
| | - Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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17
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Zhao J, Zhang X, Li Y, Yu J, Chen Z, Niu Y, Ran S, Wang S, Ye W, Luo Z, Li X, Hao Y, Zong J, Xia C, Xia J, Wu J. Interorgan communication with the liver: novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1314123. [PMID: 38155961 PMCID: PMC10754533 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1314123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is a multifunctional organ that plays crucial roles in numerous physiological processes, such as production of bile and proteins for blood plasma, regulation of blood levels of amino acids, processing of hemoglobin, clearance of metabolic waste, maintenance of glucose, etc. Therefore, the liver is essential for the homeostasis of organisms. With the development of research on the liver, there is growing concern about its effect on immune cells of innate and adaptive immunity. For example, the liver regulates the proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions of immune cells through various secreted proteins (also known as "hepatokines"). As a result, the liver is identified as an important regulator of the immune system. Furthermore, many diseases resulting from immune disorders are thought to be related to the dysfunction of the liver, including systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, and heart failure. Thus, the liver plays a role in remote immune regulation and is intricately linked with systemic immunity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the liver remote regulation of the body's innate and adaptive immunity regarding to main areas: immune-related molecules secreted by the liver and the liver-resident cells. Additionally, we assessed the influence of the liver on various facets of systemic immune-related diseases, offering insights into the clinical application of target therapies for liver immune regulation, as well as future developmental trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiulu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuan Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanglin Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengkun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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18
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Chen G, Hu X, Huang Y, Xiang X, Pan S, Chen R, Xu X. Role of the immune system in liver transplantation and its implications for therapeutic interventions. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e444. [PMID: 38098611 PMCID: PMC10719430 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation (LT) stands as the gold standard for treating end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma, yet postoperative complications continue to impact survival rates. The liver's unique immune system, governed by a microenvironment of diverse immune cells, is disrupted during processes like ischemia-reperfusion injury posttransplantation, leading to immune imbalance, inflammation, and subsequent complications. In the posttransplantation period, immune cells within the liver collaboratively foster a tolerant environment, crucial for immune tolerance and liver regeneration. While clinical trials exploring cell therapy for LT complications exist, a comprehensive summary is lacking. This review provides an insight into the intricacies of the liver's immune microenvironment, with a specific focus on macrophages and T cells as primary immune players. Delving into the immunological dynamics at different stages of LT, we explore the disruptions after LT and subsequent immune responses. Focusing on immune cell targeting for treating liver transplant complications, we provide a comprehensive summary of ongoing clinical trials in this domain, especially cell therapies. Furthermore, we offer innovative treatment strategies that leverage the opportunities and prospects identified in the therapeutic landscape. This review seeks to advance our understanding of LT immunology and steer the development of precise therapies for postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanrong Chen
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xin Hu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Yingchen Huang
- The Fourth School of Clinical MedicineZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiaonan Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Sheng Pan
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
| | - Ronggao Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao Xu
- Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Oncology and Intelligent Medicine of Zhejiang ProvinceHangzhouChina
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouChina
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19
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Liu S, Jia M, Dai R. Deciphering the tumour immune microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Scand J Immunol 2023; 98:e13327. [PMID: 38441331 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Current treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are less effective and prone to recurrence after surgery, so it's needed to seek new ideas for its therapy. Tumour immune microenvironment (TME) is crucial for the pathogenesis, development and metastasis of HCC. Interactions between immune cells and tumour cells significantly impact responses to immunotherapies and patient prognosis. In recent years, immunotherapies for HCC have shown promising potential, but the response rate is still unsatisfactory. Understanding their cross-talks is helpful for selecting potential therapeutic targets, predicting immunotherapy responses, determining immunotherapy efficacy, identifying prognostic markers and selecting individualized treatment options. In this paper, we reviewed the research advances on the roles of immune cells and multi-omic research associated with HCC pathogenesis and therapy, and future perspectives on TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Pain, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Man Jia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rongyang Dai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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20
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Chen X, Liu X, Du S. Unveiling the Role of Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells and Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5046. [PMID: 37894413 PMCID: PMC10605632 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15205046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rapidly rising global health concern, ranking as the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Despite medical advancements, the five-year survival rate remains a dismal 18%, with a daunting 70% recurrence rate within a five-year period. Current systematic treatments, including first-line sorafenib, yield an overall response rate (ORR) below 10%. In contrast, immunotherapies have shown promise by improving ORR to approximately 30%. The IMbravel150 clinical trial demonstrates that combining atezolizumab and bevacizumab surpasses sorafenib in terms of median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). However, the therapeutic efficacy for HCC patients remains unsatisfactory, highlighting the urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of antitumor responses and immune evasion mechanisms in HCC. In this context, understanding the immune landscape of HCC is of paramount importance. Tumor-infiltrating T cells, including cytotoxic T cells, regulatory T cells, and natural killer T cells, are key components in the antitumor immune response. This review aims to shed light on their intricate interactions within the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and explores potential strategies for revitalizing dysfunctional T cells. Additionally, current immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based trials, ICI-based combination therapies, and CAR-T- or TCR-T-cell therapies for HCC are summarized, which might further improve OS and transform the management of HCC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokun Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (X.C.); (X.L.)
- Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (X.C.); (X.L.)
| | - Shunda Du
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; (X.C.); (X.L.)
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21
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Krzikalla D, Laschtowitz A, Leypoldt L, Gottwick C, Averhoff P, Weidemann S, Lohse AW, Huber S, Schramm C, Schwinge D, Herkel J, Carambia A. IFNγ and CTLA-4 Drive Hepatic CD4 T-Cell Tolerance and Protection From Autoimmunity in Mice. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 17:79-91. [PMID: 37734595 PMCID: PMC10665921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The liver has a distinct capacity to induce immune tolerance to hepatic antigens. Although liver tolerance can be advantageous for preventing autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, it also can be detrimental by preventing immune surveillance of infected or malignant cells. Here, we investigated the immune mechanisms that establish hepatic tolerance. METHODS Tolerance was investigated in C-reactive protein (CRP)-myelin basic protein (MBP) mice expressing the neuroantigen MBP in hepatocytes, providing profound resistance to MBP-induced neuroinflammation. Tolerance induction was studied after transfer of MBP-specific CD4 T cells into CRP-MBP mice, and tolerance mechanisms were tested using depleting or blocking antibodies. RESULTS Although tolerant CRP-MBP mice display increased numbers of forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells, we here found them not essential for the maintenance of hepatic tolerance. Instead, upon MBP recognition in the liver, MBP-specific T cells became activated to produce interferon (IFN)γ, which, in turn, induced local up-regulation of recruitment molecules, including Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand9 and its receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor3, facilitating endothelial translocation and redirection of MBP-specific T cells into the hepatic parenchyma. There, the translocated MBP-specific CD4 T cells partly converted into interleukin 10-producing type 1 regulatory T cells, and significantly up-regulated the expression of immune checkpoint molecules, notably cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). Intriguingly, although liver tolerance was not affected by impairment of interleukin 10 signaling, concomitant blockade of IFNγ and CTLA-4 abrogated hepatic tolerance induction to MBP, resulting in neuroinflammatory autoimmune disease in these mice. CONCLUSIONS IFNγ-mediated redirection of autoreactive CD4 T cells into the liver and up-regulation of checkpoint molecules, including CTLA-4, were essential for tolerance induction in the liver, hence representing a potential treatment target for boosting or preventing liver tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Krzikalla
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alena Laschtowitz
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Leypoldt
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottwick
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pia Averhoff
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sören Weidemann
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ansgar W Lohse
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Martin Zeitz Center for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Schwinge
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Herkel
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Antonella Carambia
- Department of Medicine I, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Motoo I, Ando T, Hamashima T, Kajiura S, Sakumura M, Ueda Y, Murayama A, Ogawa K, Tsukada K, Ueda A, Suzuki N, Nakada N, Nakashima K, Hosokawa A, Yasuda I. Liver metastasis affects progression pattern during immune checkpoint inhibitors monotherapy in gastric cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1193533. [PMID: 37790758 PMCID: PMC10542891 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1193533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is heterogeneous at each metastatic site, and tumor progression pattern is associated with survival; however, it remains unclear in gastric cancer (GC). Therefore, we aimed to clarify the progression pattern in response to ICIs in patients with GC, and we analyzed its mechanism focusing on the intratumoral immune cells. Methods Patients who received ICIs were retrospectively classified into non-systemic and systemic progression groups based on their radiological assessments. Moreover, the best percentage change in target lesions from each organ was compared. Results Among 148 patients, the non-systemic progression group showed a significant improvement in overall survival (OS) compared with the systemic progression group (median, 5.6 months vs. 3.3 months; HR, 0.53; 95%CI, 0.32-0.89; p = 0.012). Poor performance status (HR, 1.73, 95%CI, 1.00-2.87) and systemic progression (HR, 3.09, 95%CI, 1.95-4.82) were associated with OS. Of all metastatic sites, the liver showed the poorest percentage change, and liver metastasis (OR, 2.99, 95%CI, 1.04-8.58) was associated with systemic progression. Hence, intratumoral CD8+ T-cell density was lower in patients with liver metastasis than in those without liver metastasis after ICIs, although the density of CD4+ T-cells (Th1, Th17, and Treg) and CD163+ cells (TAM) were not significantly different. Conclusion The new progression pattern was associated with OS in GC. Liver metastasis may be a predictive factor of systemic progression during ICIs by regulating intratumoral CD8+ T-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iori Motoo
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ando
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Kajiura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Miho Sakumura
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Yuko Ueda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Aiko Murayama
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Toyama Prefectural Central Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Tsukada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kouseiren Takaoka Hospital, Takaoka, Japan
| | - Akira Ueda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Toyama Red Cross Hospital, Toyama, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jouetsu Sogo Hospital, Jouetsu, Japan
| | - Naokatsu Nakada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Itoigawa Sogo Hospital, Itoigawa, Japan
| | - Koji Nakashima
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hosokawa
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Miyazaki Hospital, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yasuda
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
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23
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Stukalin I, Navani V, Gupta M, Ruan Y, Boyne DJ, O’Sullivan DE, Meyers DE, Goutam S, Sander M, Ewanchuk BW, Brenner DR, Suo A, Cheung WY, Heng DYC, Monzon JG, Cheng T. Development and Validation of a Prognostic Risk Model for Patients with Advanced Melanoma Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Oncologist 2023; 28:812-822. [PMID: 37011230 PMCID: PMC10485285 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk stratification tools for patients with advanced melanoma (AM) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are lacking. We identified a new prognostic model associated with overall survival (OS). PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 318 treatment naïve patients with AM receiving ICI were collected from a multi-centre retrospective cohort study. LASSO Cox regression identified independent prognostic factors associated with OS. Model validation was carried out on 500 iterations of bootstrapped samples. Harrel's C-index was calculated and internally validated to outline the model's discriminatory performance. External validation was carried out in 142 advanced melanoma patients receiving ICI in later lines. RESULTS High white blood cell count (WBC), high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), low albumin, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥1, and the presence of liver metastases were included in the model. Patients were parsed into 3 risk groups: favorable (0-1 factors) OS of 52.9 months, intermediate (2-3 factors) OS 13.0 months, and poor (≥4 factors) OS 2.7 months. The C-index of the model from the discovery cohort was 0.69. External validation in later-lines (N = 142) of therapy demonstrated a c-index of 0.65. CONCLUSIONS Liver metastases, low albumin, high LDH, high WBC, and ECOG≥1 can be combined into a prognostic model for AM patients treated with ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Stukalin
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vishal Navani
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mehul Gupta
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Yibing Ruan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Devon J Boyne
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Dylan E O’Sullivan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel E Meyers
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Siddhartha Goutam
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Michael Sander
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Benjamin W Ewanchuk
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Darren R Brenner
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aleksi Suo
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Winson Y Cheung
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Daniel Y C Heng
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jose G Monzon
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Tina Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, AB, Canada
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24
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Cai J, Wang W, Cai P, Cao B. Immune response to foreign materials in spinal fusion surgery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19950. [PMID: 37810067 PMCID: PMC10559558 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal fusion surgery is a common procedure used to stabilize the spine and treat back pain. The procedure involves the use of foreign materials such as screws, rods, or cages, which can trigger a foreign body reaction, an immune response that involves the activation of immune cells such as macrophages and lymphocytes. The foreign body reaction can impact the success of spinal fusion, as it can interfere with bone growth and fusion. This review article provides an overview of the cellular and molecular events in the foreign body reaction, the impact of the immune response on spinal fusion, and strategies to minimize its impact. By carefully considering the use of foreign materials and optimizing surgical techniques, the impact of the foreign body reaction can be reduced, leading to better outcomes for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peng Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Chengdu Tumor Hospital), 51 Zhimin Rd, Wuhou District, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chengdu Seventh People's Hospital (Chengdu Tumor Hospital), 51 Zhimin Rd, Wuhou District, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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25
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McConnell MJ, Kostallari E, Ibrahim SH, Iwakiri Y. The evolving role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in liver health and disease. Hepatology 2023; 78:649-669. [PMID: 36626620 PMCID: PMC10315420 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
LSECs are a unique population of endothelial cells within the liver and are recognized as key regulators of liver homeostasis. LSECs also play a key role in liver disease, as dysregulation of their quiescent phenotype promotes pathological processes within the liver including inflammation, microvascular thrombosis, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. Recent technical advances in single-cell analysis have characterized distinct subpopulations of the LSECs themselves with a high resolution and defined their gene expression profile and phenotype, broadening our understanding of their mechanistic role in liver biology. This article will review 4 broad advances in our understanding of LSEC biology in general: (1) LSEC heterogeneity, (2) LSEC aging and senescence, (3) LSEC role in liver regeneration, and (4) LSEC role in liver inflammation and will then review the role of LSECs in various liver pathologies including fibrosis, DILI, alcohol-associated liver disease, NASH, viral hepatitis, liver transplant rejection, and ischemia reperfusion injury. The review will conclude with a discussion of gaps in knowledge and areas for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. McConnell
- Section of Digestive Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Samar H. Ibrahim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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26
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Liu Z, Huang Y, Wang D, Li M, Zhang Q, Pan C, Lin Y, Luo Y, Shi Z, Zhang P, Zheng Y. Insights gained from single-cell RNA analysis of murine endothelial cells in aging hearts. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18324. [PMID: 37554834 PMCID: PMC10404962 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the strongest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with progressive decline in the function of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) with age. Systematic analyses of the effects of aging on different cardiac EC types remain limited. Here, we constructed a scRNA atlas of EC transcriptomes in young and old mouse hearts. We identified 10 EC subclusters. The multidimensionally differential genes (DEGs) analysis across different EC clusters shows molecular changes with aging, showing the increase in the overall inflammatory microenvironment and the decrease in angiogenesis and cytoskeletal support capacity of aged ECs. And we performed an in-depth analysis of 3 special ECs, Immunology, Proliferating and Angiogenic. The Immunology EC seems highly associated with some immune regulatory functions, which decline with aging at different degrees. Analysis of two types of neovascular ECs, Proliferating, Angiogenic, implied that Angiogenic ECs can differentiate into multiple EC directions after initially originating from proliferating ECs. And aging leads to a decrease in the ability of vascular angiogenesis and differentiation. Finally, we summarized the effects of aging on cell signaling communication between different EC clusters. This cardiac EC atlas offers comprehensive insights into the molecular regulations of cardiovascular aging, and provides new directions for the prevention and treatment of age-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Yanjing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Dongliang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Mengke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qikai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Caineng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuheng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yuanting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Zhuoxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yingfeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, 510060, China
- Research Unit of Ocular Development and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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27
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Kiouptsi K, Pontarollo G, Reinhardt C. Gut Microbiota and the Microvasculature. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2023; 13:a041179. [PMID: 37460157 PMCID: PMC10411863 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as an actuating variable shaping vascular development and endothelial cell function in the intestinal mucosa but also affecting the microvasculature of remote organs. In the small intestine, colonization with gut microbiota and subsequent activation of innate immune pathways promotes the development of intricate capillary networks and lacteals, influencing the integrity of the gut-vascular barrier as well as nutrient uptake. Since the liver yields most of its blood supply via the portal circulation, the hepatic microcirculation steadily encounters microbiota-derived patterns and active signaling metabolites that induce changes in the organization of the liver sinusoidal endothelium, influencing immune zonation of sinusoids and impacting on metabolic processes. In addition, microbiota-derived signals may affect the vasculature of distant organ systems such as the brain and the eye microvasculature. In recent years, this gut-resident microbial ecosystem was revealed to contribute to the development of several vascular disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klytaimnistra Kiouptsi
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Giulia Pontarollo
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Christoph Reinhardt
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis (CTH), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine Main, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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28
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Ghufran SM, Sharma P, Roy B, Jaiswal S, Aftab M, Sengupta S, Ghose S, Biswas S. Transcriptome wide functional analysis of HBx expressing human hepatocytes stimulated with endothelial cell cross-talk. Genomics 2023; 115:110642. [PMID: 37209778 PMCID: PMC7615065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2023.110642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Identification of genes dysregulated during the hepatitis B virus (HBV)-host cell interaction adds to the understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and aids in discovering effective therapies to improve prognosis in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals. Through bioinformatics analyses of transcriptomics data, this study aimed to identify potential genes involved in the cross-talk of human hepatocytes expressing the HBV viral protein HBx with endothelial cells. Transient transfection of HBV viral gene X (HBx) was performed in THLE2 cells using pcDNA3 constructs. Through mRNA Sequencing (RNA Seq) analysis, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. THLE2 cells transfected with HBx (THLE2x) were further treated with conditioned medium from cultured human umbilical vein derived endothelial cells (HUVEC-CM). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that interferon and cytokine signaling pathways were primarily enriched for the downregulated DEGs in THLE2x cells treated with HUVEC-CM. One significant module was selected following protein-protein interaction (PPI) network generation, and thirteen hub genes were identified from the module. The prognostic values of the hub genes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier (KM) plotter, and three genes (IRF7, IFIT1, and IFITM1) correlated with poor disease specific survival (DSS) in HCC patients with chronic hepatitis. A comparison of the DEGs identified in HUVEC-stimulated THLE2x cells with four publicly available HBV-related HCC microarray datasets revealed that PLAC8 was consistently downregulated in all four HCC datasets as well as in HUVEC-CM treated THLE2x cells. KM plots revealed that PLAC8 correlated with worse relapse free survival and progression free survival in HCC patients with hepatitis B virus infection. This study provided molecular insights which may help develop a deeper understanding of HBV-host stromal cell interaction and open avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prachi Sharma
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, AUUP, Noida, India
| | - Bornika Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, AUUP, Noida, India
| | - Shivani Jaiswal
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, AUUP, Noida, India
| | - Mehreen Aftab
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research, Noida, India
| | - Shinjinee Sengupta
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, AUUP, Noida, India
| | - Sampa Ghose
- Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Subhrajit Biswas
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, AUUP, Noida, India.
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Hackstein CP, Spitzer J, Symeonidis K, Horvatic H, Bedke T, Steglich B, Klein S, Assmus LM, Odainic A, Szlapa J, Kessler N, Beyer M, Schmithausen R, Latz E, Flavell RA, Garbi N, Kurts C, Kümmerer BM, Trebicka J, Roers A, Huber S, Schmidt SV, Knolle PA, Abdullah Z. Interferon-induced IL-10 drives systemic T-cell dysfunction during chronic liver injury. J Hepatol 2023; 79:150-166. [PMID: 36870611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD), including cirrhosis, are at increased risk of intractable viral infections and are hyporesponsive to vaccination. Hallmarks of CLD and cirrhosis include microbial translocation and elevated levels of type I interferon (IFN-I). We aimed to investigate the relevance of microbiota-induced IFN-I in the impaired adaptive immune responses observed in CLD. METHODS We combined bile duct ligation (BDL) and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) models of liver injury with vaccination or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection in transgenic mice lacking IFN-I in myeloid cells (LysM-Cre IFNARflox/flox), IFNAR-induced IL-10 (MX1-Cre IL10flox/flox) or IL-10R in T cells (CD4-DN IL-10R). Key pathways were blocked in vivo with specific antibodies (anti-IFNAR and anti-IL10R). We assessed T-cell responses and antibody titers after HBV and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in patients with CLD and healthy individuals in a proof-of-concept clinical study. RESULTS We demonstrate that BDL- and CCL4-induced prolonged liver injury leads to impaired T-cell responses to vaccination and viral infection in mice, subsequently leading to persistent infection. We observed a similarly defective T-cell response to vaccination in patients with cirrhosis. Innate sensing of translocated gut microbiota induced IFN-I signaling in hepatic myeloid cells that triggered excessive IL-10 production upon viral infection. IL-10R signaling in antigen-specific T cells rendered them dysfunctional. Antibiotic treatment and inhibition of IFNAR or IL-10Ra restored antiviral immunity without detectable immune pathology in mice. Notably, IL-10Ra blockade restored the functional phenotype of T cells from vaccinated patients with cirrhosis. CONCLUSION Innate sensing of translocated microbiota induces IFN-/IL-10 expression, which drives the loss of systemic T-cell immunity during prolonged liver injury. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Chronic liver injury and cirrhosis are associated with enhanced susceptibility to viral infections and vaccine hyporesponsiveness. Using different preclinical animal models and patient samples, we identified that impaired T-cell immunity in BDL- and CCL4-induced prolonged liver injury is driven by sequential events involving microbial translocation, IFN signaling leading to myeloid cell-induced IL-10 expression, and IL-10 signaling in antigen-specific T cells. Given the absence of immune pathology after interference with IL-10R, our study highlights a potential novel target to reconstitute T-cell immunity in patients with CLD that can be explored in future clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Philipp Hackstein
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; Current address: Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Jasper Spitzer
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Symeonidis
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Helena Horvatic
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Babett Steglich
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Klein
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität I, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany
| | - Lisa M Assmus
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Szlapa
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Kessler
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Marc Beyer
- Molecular Immunology in Neurodegeneration, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Eicke Latz
- Institute of Innate Immunity, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Natalio Garbi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany
| | - Beate M Kümmerer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Bonn-Cologne Site, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Goethe Universität I, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute of Immunology, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Percy A Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, Technical University of Munich, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Munich Site, Germany
| | - Zeinab Abdullah
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University Hospital Bonn, Germany.
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Yang L, Meng Y, Shi Y, Fang H, Zhang L. Maternal hepatic immunology during pregnancy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1220323. [PMID: 37457700 PMCID: PMC10348424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1220323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver plays pivotal roles in immunologic responses, and correct hepatic adaptations in maternal immunology are required during pregnancy. In this review, we focus on anatomical and immunological maternal hepatic adaptations during pregnancy, including our recent reports in this area. Moreover, we summarize maternal pregnancy-associated liver diseases, including hyperemesis gravidarum; intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy; preeclampsia, specifically hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count syndrome; and acute fatty liver of pregnancy. In addition, the latest information about the factors that regulate hepatic immunology during pregnancy are reviewed for the first time, including human chorionic gonadotropin, estrogen, progesterone, growth hormone, insulin like growth factor 1, oxytocin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, adrenal hormone, prolactin, melatonin and prostaglandins. In summary, the latest progress on maternal hepatic anatomy and immunological adaptations, maternal pregnancy-associated diseases and the factors that regulate hepatic immunology during pregnancy are discussed, which may be used to prevent embryo loss and abortion, as well as pregnancy-associated liver diseases.
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Airola C, Pallozzi M, Cerrito L, Santopaolo F, Stella L, Gasbarrini A, Ponziani FR. Microvascular Thrombosis and Liver Fibrosis Progression: Mechanisms and Clinical Applications. Cells 2023; 12:1712. [PMID: 37443746 PMCID: PMC10341358 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is an unavoidable consequence of chronic inflammation. Extracellular matrix deposition by fibroblasts, stimulated by multiple pathways, is the first step in the onset of chronic liver disease, and its propagation promotes liver dysfunction. At the same time, chronic liver disease is characterized by alterations in primary and secondary hemostasis but unlike previously thought, these changes are not associated with an increased risk of bleeding complications. In recent years, the role of coagulation imbalance has been postulated as one of the main mechanisms promoting hepatic fibrogenesis. In this review, we aim to investigate the function of microvascular thrombosis in the progression of liver disease and highlight the molecular and cellular networks linking hemostasis to fibrosis in this context. We analyze the predictive and prognostic role of coagulation products as biomarkers of liver decompensation (ascites, variceal hemorrhage, and hepatic encephalopathy) and liver-related mortality. Finally, we evaluate the current evidence on the application of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapies for prophylaxis of hepatic decompensation or prevention of the progression of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Airola
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Maria Pallozzi
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Lucia Cerrito
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Francesco Santopaolo
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Leonardo Stella
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Romana Ponziani
- Hepatology Unit, CEMAD Centro Malattie dell'Apparato Digerente, Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (M.P.); (L.C.); (F.S.); (L.S.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Rathore APS, St John AL. Promises and challenges of mucosal COVID-19 vaccines. Vaccine 2023; 41:4042-4049. [PMID: 37045682 PMCID: PMC10083204 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing pandemic caused by the newly emerged virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, COVID-19 vaccines are given intramuscularly and they have been shown to evoke systemic immune responses that are highly efficacious towards preventing severe disease and death. However, vaccine-induced immunity wanes within a short time, and booster doses are currently recommended. Furthermore, current vaccine formulations do not adequately restrict virus infection at the mucosal sites, such as in the nasopharyngeal tract and, therefore, have limited capacity to block virus transmission. With these challenges in mind, several mucosal vaccines are currently being developed with the aim of inducing long-lasting protective immune responses at the mucosal sites where SARS-COV-2 infection begins. Past successes in mucosal vaccinations underscore the potential of these developmental stage SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to reduce disease burden, if not eliminate it altogether. Here, we discuss immune responses that are triggered at the mucosal sites and recent advances in our understanding of mucosal responses induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and current COVID-19 vaccines. We also highlight several mucosal SARS-COV-2 vaccine formulations that are currently being developed or tested for human use and discuss potential challenges to mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay P S Rathore
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
| | - Ashley L St John
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA; Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, 169857 Singapore, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; SingHealth Duke-NUS Global Health Institute, Singapore.
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Abstract
The critical role of conventional dendritic cells in physiological cross-priming of immune responses to tumors and pathogens is widely documented and beyond doubt. However, there is ample evidence that a wide range of other cell types can also acquire the capacity to cross-present. These include not only other myeloid cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, macrophages and neutrophils, but also lymphoid populations, endothelial and epithelial cells and stromal cells including fibroblasts. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the relevant literature that analyzes each report cited for the antigens and readouts used, mechanistic insight and in vivo experimentation addressing physiological relevance. As this analysis shows, many reports rely on the exceptionally sensitive recognition of an ovalbumin peptide by a transgenic T cell receptor, with results that therefore cannot always be extrapolated to physiological settings. Mechanistic studies remain basic in most cases but reveal that the cytosolic pathway is dominant across many cell types, while vacuolar processing is most encountered in macrophages. Studies addressing physiological relevance rigorously remain exceptional but suggest that cross-presentation by non-dendritic cells may have significant impact in anti-tumor immunity and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Xavier Mauvais
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Service de Physiologie - Explorations Fonctionnelles Pédiatriques, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France.
| | - Peter van Endert
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM, CNRS, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France; Service Immunologie Biologique, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, F-75015 Paris, France.
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Zhao X, Amevor FK, Xue X, Wang C, Cui Z, Dai S, Peng C, Li Y. Remodeling the hepatic fibrotic microenvironment with emerging nanotherapeutics: a comprehensive review. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:121. [PMID: 37029392 PMCID: PMC10081370 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis could be the last hope for treating liver cancer and remodeling of the hepatic microenvironment has emerged as a strategy to promote the ablation of liver fibrosis. In recent years, especially with the rapid development of nanomedicine, hepatic microenvironment therapy has been widely researched in studies concerning liver cancer and fibrosis. In this comprehensive review, we summarized recent advances in nano therapy-based remodeling of the hepatic microenvironment. Firstly, we discussed novel strategies for regulatory immune suppression caused by capillarization of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) and macrophage polarization. Furthermore, metabolic reprogramming and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition are caused by the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In addition, recent advances in ROS, hypoxia, and impaired vascular remodeling in the hepatic fibrotic microenvironment due to ECM deposition have also been summarized. Finally, emerging nanotherapeutic approaches based on correlated signals were discussed in this review. We have proposed novel strategies such as engineered nanotherapeutics targeting antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or direct targeting T cells in liver fibrotic immunotherapy to be used in preventing liver fibrosis. In summary, this comprehensive review illustrated the opportunities in drug targeting and nanomedicine, and the current challenges to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingtao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Felix Kwame Amevor
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xinyan Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zhifu Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Shu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- , No. 1166, Liu Tai Avenue, Wenjiang district, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Liu P, Kong L, Liu Y, Li G, Xie J, Lu X. A key driver to promote HCC: Cellular crosstalk in tumor microenvironment. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1135122. [PMID: 37007125 PMCID: PMC10050394 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1135122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third greatest cause of cancer-related mortality, which of the major pathological type is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounting for more than 90%. HCC is characterized by high mortality and is predisposed to metastasis and relapse, leading to a low five-year survival rate and poor clinical prognosis. Numerous crosstalk among tumor parenchymal cells, anti-tumor cells, stroma cells, and immunosuppressive cells contributes to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), in which the function and frequency of anti-tumor cells are reduced with that of associated pro-tumor cells increasing, accordingly resulting in tumor malignant progression. Indeed, sorting out and understanding the signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms of cellular crosstalk in TME is crucial to discover more key targets and specific biomarkers, so that develop more efficient methods for early diagnosis and individualized treatment of liver cancer. This piece of writing offers insight into the recent advances in HCC-TME and reviews various mechanisms that promote HCC malignant progression from the perspective of mutual crosstalk among different types of cells in TME, aiming to assist in identifying the possible research directions and methods in the future for discovering new targets that could prevent HCC malignant progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyue Liu
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Clinical Skills Training Center, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Jianjia Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Clinical Medical College, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Tangshan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Lu,
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Yahoo N, Dudek M, Knolle P, Heikenwälder M. Role of immune responses for development of NAFLD-associated liver cancer and prospects for therapeutic modulation. J Hepatol 2023:S0168-8278(23)00165-4. [PMID: 36893854 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
The liver is the central metabolic organ of the body regulating energy and lipid metabolism and at the same time has potent immunological functions. Overwhelming the metabolic capacity of the liver by obesity and sedentary lifestyle leads to hepatic lipid accumulation, chronic necro-inflammation, enhanced mitochondrial/ER-stress and development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with its pathologic form nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Based on knowledge on pathophysiological mechanisms, specifically targeting metabolic diseases to prevent or slow down progression of NAFLD to liver cancer will become possible. Genetic/environmental factors contribute to development of NASH and liver cancer progression. The complex pathophysiology of NAFLD-NASH is reflected by environmental factors, particularly the gut microbiome and its metabolic products. NAFLD-associated HCC occurs in most of the cases in the context of a chronically inflamed liver and cirrhosis. Recognition of environmental alarmins or metabolites derived from the gut microbiota and the metabolically injured liver create a strong inflammatory milieu supported by innate and adaptive immunity. Several recent studies indicate that the chronic hepatic microenvironment of steatosis induces auto-aggressive CD8+CXCR6+PD1+ T cells secreting TNF and upregulating FasL to eliminate parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells in an antigen independent manner. This promotes chronic liver damage and a pro-tumorigenic environment. CD8+CXCR6+PD1+ T cells possess an exhausted, hyperactivated, resident phenotype and trigger NASH to HCC transition, and might be responsible for a less efficient treatment response to immune-check-point inhibitors - in particular atezolizumab/bevacizumab. Here, we provide an overview of NASH-related inflammation/pathogenesis focusing on new discoveries on the role of T cells in NASH-immunopathology and therapy response. This review discusses preventive measures to halt disease progression to liver cancer and therapeutic strategies to manage NASH-HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Yahoo
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Dudek
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany.
| | - Mathias Heikenwälder
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; The M3 Research Institute, Karl Eberhards Universitaet Tübingen, Medizinische Fakultät, Otfried-Müller-Straße 37, 72076 Tübingen.
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Wu RY, Wang BC, Wang K, Xia F, Zhang ZY, Wan JF, Zhang Z. Immunotherapy and tumor mutational burden in cancer patients with liver metastases: A meta and real word cohort analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:994276. [PMID: 36741738 PMCID: PMC9893030 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.994276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The predictive effects of liver metastases for immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and the relationship between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and liver metastases (LM) remain unclear. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to explore the heterogeneity of ICIs efficacy between patients with or without LM. A pan-cancer cohort of 1,661 patients who received ICIs was downloaded and analyzed to assess the association between TMB and LM. Results Of 21053 studies identified in our search, eight single-arm studies and 24 randomized controlled trials were included. Overall, 17957 patients with advanced or metastatic cancers (4805 patients (26.8%) with LM and 13151 patients (73.2%) without LM) were enrolled. The pooled objective response rate (ORR) was 8.5% (95% CI 4%-13%) in the LM group versus 21% (95% CI 16%-21%) in the non-LM group. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for death was 0.85 (95% CI 0.80-0.90) in the LM group treated with ICIs compared with the standard of care. In patients without LM who were treated with ICIs, the pooled HR for death was 0.78 (95% CI 0.73-0.82) compared with the standard of care. The difference in efficacy between patients with or without LM treated with ICIs was significant (p=0.04). Pan-cancer analysis revealed that the TMB-high rate was 10.8% in liver metastatic lesions versus 21.4% in other metastatic lesions (p=0.004). In addition, TMB was also significantly associated with OS as a binary cutoff (p=0.05) and was an independent prognostic variable (HR=0.98, P=0.047) as a continuous variable in patients with LM. Conclusions In patients with LM, the efficacy of immunotherapy was attenuated, but TMB-high could predict better survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Yan Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bi-Cheng Wang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue-Feng Wan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Jue-Feng Wan,
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhen Zhang, ; Jue-Feng Wan,
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Dercle L, Fronheiser M, Rizvi NA, Hellmann MD, Maier S, Hayes W, Yang H, Guo P, Fojo T, Schwartz LH, Zhao B, Leung DK. Baseline Radiomic Signature to Estimate Overall Survival in Patients With NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2023; 18:587-598. [PMID: 36646209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We aimed to define a baseline radiomic signature associated with overall survival (OS) using baseline computed tomography (CT) images obtained from patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab or chemotherapy. METHODS The radiomic signature was developed in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab in CheckMate-017, -026, and -063. Nivolumab-treated patients were pooled and randomized to training, calibration, or validation sets using a 2:1:1 ratio. From baseline CT images, volume of tumor lesions was semiautomatically segmented, and 38 radiomic variables depicting tumor phenotype were extracted. Association between the radiomic signature and OS was assessed in the nivolumab-treated (validation set) and chemotherapy-treated (test set) patients in these studies. RESULTS A baseline radiomic signature was identified using CT images obtained from 758 patients. The radiomic signature used a combination of imaging variables (spatial correlation, tumor volume in the liver, and tumor volume in the mediastinal lymph nodes) to output a continuous value, ranging from 0 to 1 (from most to least favorable estimated OS). Given a threshold of 0.55, the sensitivity and specificity of the radiomic signature for predicting 3-month OS were 86% and 77.8%, respectively. The signature was identified in the training set of patients treated with nivolumab and was significantly associated (p < 0.0001) with OS in patients treated with nivolumab or chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS The radiomic signature provides an early readout of the anticipated OS in patients with NSCLC treated with nivolumab or chemotherapy. This could provide important prognostic information and may support risk stratification in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | | | - Naiyer A Rizvi
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Matthew D Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Hao Yang
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Pingzhen Guo
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Tito Fojo
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Lawrence H Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Binsheng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
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Pérez-Escobar J, Jimenez JV, Rodríguez-Aguilar EF, Servín-Rojas M, Ruiz-Manriquez J, Safar-Boueri L, Carrillo-Maravilla E, Navasa M, García-Juárez I. Immunotolerance in liver transplantation: a primer for the clinician. Ann Hepatol 2023; 28:100760. [PMID: 36179797 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2022.100760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of immunosuppressive medications for solid organ transplantation is associated with cardiovascular, metabolic, and oncologic complications. On the other hand, the development of graft rejection is associated with increased mortality and graft dysfunction. Liver transplant recipients can withdraw from immunosuppression without developing graft injury while preserving an adequate antimicrobial response - a characteristic known as immunotolerance. Immunotolerance can be spontaneously or pharmacologically achieved. Contrary to the classic dogma, clinical studies have elucidated low rates of true spontaneous immunotolerance (no serologic or histological markers of immune injury) among liver transplant recipients. However, clinical, serologic, and tissue biomarkers can aid in selecting patients in whom immunosuppression can be safely withdrawn. For those who failed an immunosuppression withdrawal trial or are at high risk of rejection, pharmacological interventions for immunotolerance induction are under development. In this review, we provide an overview of the mechanisms of immunotolerance, the clinical studies investigating predictors and biomarkers of spontaneous immunotolerance, as well as the potential pharmacological interventions for inducing it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanita Pérez-Escobar
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jose Victor Jimenez
- Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Erika Faride Rodríguez-Aguilar
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maximiliano Servín-Rojas
- Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jesus Ruiz-Manriquez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luisa Safar-Boueri
- Comprehensive Transplant Center, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Eduardo Carrillo-Maravilla
- Department of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miquel Navasa
- Liver Transplant Unit, Hepatology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Juárez
- Department of Hepatology and Liver Transplant, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
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The Tumor Microenvironment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Untying an Intricate Immunological Network. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14246151. [PMID: 36551635 PMCID: PMC9776867 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
HCC, the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, is prototypically an inflammation-driven cancer developing after years of inflammatory insults. Consequently, the hepatic microenvironment is a site of complex immunological activities. Moreover, the tolerogenic nature of the liver can act as a barrier to anti-tumor immunity, fostering cancer progression and resistance to immunotherapies based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICB). In addition to being a site of primary carcinogenesis, many cancer types have high tropism for the liver, and patients diagnosed with liver metastasis have a dismal prognosis. Therefore, understanding the immunological networks characterizing the tumor microenvironment (TME) of HCC will deepen our understanding of liver immunity, and it will underpin the dominant mechanisms controlling both spontaneous and therapy-induced anti-tumor immune responses. Herein, we discuss the contributions of the cellular and molecular components of the liver immune contexture during HCC onset and progression by underscoring how the balance between antagonistic immune responses can recast the properties of the TME and the response to ICB.
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Dywicki J, Buitrago-Molina LE, Noyan F, Schlue J, Iordanidis K, Manns MP, Wedemeyer H, Jaeckel E, Hardtke-Wolenski M. Splenectomy induces biochemical remission and regeneration in experimental murine autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Med Res 2022; 27:284. [PMID: 36496477 PMCID: PMC9737750 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-022-00933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory liver disease. It is known that AIH originates not from the spleen but from the liver itself. Nonetheless, most details of the etiology and pathophysiology are unknown. We induced experimental murine AIH (emAIH) in NOD/Ltj mice by single administration of a replication-deficient adenovirus and performed splenectomy during late-stage disease. Biochemical disease remission occurred, which was characterized by improvement in transaminase levels. The causes of this remission included a shift in the transcriptomic signature of serum proteins toward regeneration. At the cellular level, there was a marked decrease in activated CD8+ T cells and an increase in intrahepatic regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, intrahepatic Treg numbers correlated with biochemical remission. Notably, an imbalance in the T-cell/B-cell ratio was observed, with a disproportionate increase in total B cells. In summary, intrahepatic increases in Tregs, biochemical remission, and regeneration could be induced by splenectomy in the late stage of emAIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Dywicki
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Laura Elisa Buitrago-Molina
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Fatih Noyan
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jerome Schlue
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Iordanidis
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael P. Manns
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Elmar Jaeckel
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Liver Transplantation, Multi Organ Transplant Program, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Matthias Hardtke-Wolenski
- grid.10423.340000 0000 9529 9877Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany ,grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Neidemire-Colley L, Robert J, Ackaoui A, Dorrance AM, Guimond M, Ranganathan P. Role of endothelial cells in graft-versus-host disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1033490. [PMID: 36505438 PMCID: PMC9727380 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1033490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the only curative treatment for high-risk or refractory hematologic malignancies non-responsive to standard chemotherapy is allogeneic hematopoietic transplantation (allo-HCT). Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a donor T cell-mediated immunological disorder that is frequently fatal and the leading cause of non-relapse mortality (NRM) in patients post allo-HCT. The pathogenesis of acute GVHD involves recognition of minor and/or major HLA mismatched host antigens by donor T cells followed by expansion, migration and finally end-organ damage due to combination of inflammatory cytokine secretion and direct cytotoxic effects. The endothelium is a thin layer of endothelial cells (EC) that line the innermost portion of the blood vessels and a key regulator in vascular homeostasis and inflammatory responses. Endothelial cells are activated by a wide range of inflammatory mediators including bacterial products, contents released from dying/apoptotic cells and cytokines and respond by secreting cytokines/chemokines that facilitate the recruitment of innate and adaptive immune cells to the site of inflammation. Endothelial cells can also be damaged prior to transplant as well as by alloreactive donor T cells. Prolonged EC activation results in dysfunction that plays a role in multiple post-transplant complications including but not limited to veno-occlusive disease (VOD), transplant associated thrombotic microangiopathy (TA-TMA), and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome. In this mini review, we summarize the biology of endothelial cells, factors regulating EC activation and the role of ECs in inflammation and GVHD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotus Neidemire-Colley
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jérémy Robert
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine Ackaoui
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Adrienne M. Dorrance
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martin Guimond
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada,Collège Bois de Boulogne, Montréal, QC, Canada,Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Parvathi Ranganathan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States,*Correspondence: Parvathi Ranganathan,
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Pallett LJ, Maini MK. Liver-resident memory T cells: life in lockdown. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:813-825. [PMID: 35482059 PMCID: PMC9708784 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00932-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A subset of memory T cells has been identified in the liver with a tissue-resident profile and the capacity for long-term 'lockdown'. Here we review how they are retained in, and adapted to, the hepatic microenvironment, including its unique anatomical features and metabolic challenges. We describe potential interactions with other local cell types and the need for a better understanding of this complex bidirectional crosstalk. Pathogen or tumour antigen-specific tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) can provide rapid frontline immune surveillance; we review the evidence for this in hepatotropic infections of major worldwide importance like hepatitis B and malaria and in liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma. Conversely, TRM can be triggered by pro-inflammatory and metabolic signals to mediate bystander tissue damage, with an emerging role in a number of liver pathologies. We discuss the need for liver sampling to gain a window into these compartmentalised T cells, allowing more accurate disease monitoring and future locally targeted immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Pallett
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
| | - Mala K Maini
- Institute of Immunity & Transplantation, Division of Infection & Immunity, UCL, Pears Building, Rowland Hill St, London, NW3 2PP, UK.
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44
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Xiao Q, Yu X, Shuai Z, Yao T, Yang X, Zhang Y. The influence of baseline characteristics on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for advanced lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:956788. [PMID: 36176428 PMCID: PMC9513719 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.956788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the impact of different baseline characteristics on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for advanced lung cancer.Methods: In order to identify eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs), a systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus Cochrane Library databases. The primary outcomes were hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS). To explore the potential interaction during the administration of ICI, patients were stratified by baseline characteristics.Results: The meta-analysis included 24 RCTs. ① Compared with non-ICI therapy, patients with lung cancer benefitted more from immunotherapy (HR, 0.78; p < 0.0001). ② Patients without liver metastases could get more survival benefits than those with liver metastases (HR, 1.20; p = 0.0139). Similar outcomes were also observed in the following subgroups: small-cell lung cancer (HR, 1.20; p = 0.0433), subsequent line (HR, 1.40; p = 0.0147), and ICI monotherapy (HR, 1.40; p = 0.0147). ③ Subgroup analysis showed that tumor type affected the efficacy of immunotherapy in patients with brain metastases (HR, 0.72 vs. 1.41; interaction, p < 0.01). Among patients with smoking history (HR, 0.87 vs. 1.23; interaction, p = 0.05) and brain metastases (HR, 0.69 vs. 1.21; interaction, p = 0.05), the type of therapy (i.e., monotherapy or combination therapy) had potential influences on the efficacy of immunotherapy.Conclusion: Some critical baseline characteristics could indicate the efficacy of ICI therapy. Liver metastasis status could predict the efficacy of ICI therapy for lung cancer. Compared with small-cell lung cancer, patients with brain metastases might have durable OS in non-small-cell lung cancer. The smoking history or brain metastasis status of patients could indicate the potential clinical benefits of monotherapy or combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qionghua Xiao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhihao Shuai
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Yao
- The 2nd Department of Pulmonary Disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Yanxia Zhang,
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Xie M, Li N, Xu X, Xu Y, Li H, Zhu L, Sheng J, Zhou Z, Fan Y. The Efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Patients with Liver Metastasis of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Real-World Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174333. [PMID: 36077868 PMCID: PMC9454794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A controversy exists regarding the efficacy of programmed death-1 (PD-1)/ programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and liver metastases. Our study retrospectively evaluated the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in NSCLC patients with liver metastases. METHODS This retrospective study included 1627 lung cancer patients who received immunotherapy. Among 648 patients who had advanced NSCLC and received PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, 61 had liver metastases and 587 did not have. We analyzed patient characteristics, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). An exploratory analysis of biomarkers including CD4, CD8 and CD68 for efficacy in patients with liver metastases was also performed. RESULTS In liver metastasis patients receiving PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, the objective response rate (ORR) was 29.5%, the disease control rate (DCR) was 72.1%, PFS was 6.4 months and OS was 15.2 months, which were all worse than those of patients without liver metastases (ORR: 35.8%; DCR: 81.8%; PFS: 7.9 months, p = 0.001; OS: 20.6 months, p = 0.008). When compared to non-liver lesions, the ORR (26.2 vs. 39.3%) and DCR (75.4 vs. 88.5%) of liver lesions were lower. During the analysis of PD-L1 expression, 27 PD-L1-positive patients had a longer PFS than 21 patients in the negative group (p = 0.012). Being PD-L1 positive was the independent prognostic indicators for PFS (p = 0.006). Additionally, the PD-L1 and CD8 dual-positive group responded favorably to PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors are effective in liver metastasis-NSCLC patients. However, the efficacy is inferior when compared to those of patients without liver metastases. In NSCLC patients with liver metastases, PD-L1 expression and CD8+ T cell infiltration can predict the response of PD-1/PD-L1-directed immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingying Xie
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
- Department of Oncology, The First Clinical Medical College, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yanjun Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Jiamin Sheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Zichao Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Second Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yun Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou 310022, China
- Institute of Cancer and Basic Medicine (ICBM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
- Correspondence:
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Fang Y, Su C. Research Progress on the Microenvironment and Immunotherapy of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With Liver Metastases. Front Oncol 2022; 12:893716. [PMID: 35965533 PMCID: PMC9367973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.893716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality, and more than 75% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. Liver metastases occur in 20% of non-small cell lung cancer patients, and their prognosis are poor. In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy have made breakthrough progress in advanced Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. However, compared with the overall population, the liver metastases population was an independent prognostic factor for poor immunotherapy response. Whether and how immunotherapy can work in NSCLC patients with liver metastases is a major and unresolved challenge. Although more and more data have been disclosed, the research progress of NSCLC liver metastasis is still limited. How liver metastasis modulates systemic antitumor immunity and the drug resistance mechanisms of the liver immune microenvironment have not been elucidated. We systematically focused on non-small cell lung cancer patients with liver metastases, reviewed and summarized their pathophysiological mechanisms, immune microenvironment characteristics, and optimization of immunotherapy strategies.
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47
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Christen U, Hintermann E. Animal Models for Autoimmune Hepatitis: Are Current Models Good Enough? Front Immunol 2022; 13:898615. [PMID: 35903109 PMCID: PMC9315390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.898615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases like autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and IgG4-related cholangitis are chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver with an autoimmune background. The therapy of autoimmune hepatitis targets the autoreactive immune system and is largely dependent on the use of glucocorticoids and cytostatic drugs. In contrast, the treatment of cholestatic autoimmune liver diseases is restricted to the use of secondary or semi-synthetic bile acids, like ursodeoxycholic acid or obeticholic acid. Although the management of the disease using such drugs works well for the majority of patients, many individuals do not respond to standard therapy. In addition, chronic treatment with glucocorticoids results in well-known side effects. Further, the use of bile acids is a symptomatic therapy that has no direct immunomodulatory effect. Thus, there is still a lot of room for improvement. The use of animal models has facilitated to elucidate the pathogenesis of autoimmune liver diseases and many potential target structures for immunomodulatory therapies have been identified. In this review, we will focus on autoimmune hepatitis for which the first animal models have been established five decades ago, but still a precise treatment for autoimmune hepatitis, as obtainable for other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis has yet to be introduced. Thus, the question arises if our animal models are too far from the patient reality and thus findings from the models cannot be reliably translated to the patient. Several factors might be involved in this discrepancy. There is first and foremost the genetic background and the inbred status of the animals that is different from human patients. Here the use of humanized animals, such as transgenic mice, might reduce some of the differences. However, there are other factors, such as housing conditions, nutrition, and the microbiome that might also play an important role. This review will predominantly focus on the current status of animal models for autoimmune hepatitis and the possible ways to overcome discrepancies between model and patient.
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Du W, Wang L. The Crosstalk Between Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells and Hepatic Microenvironment in NASH Related Liver Fibrosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:936196. [PMID: 35837401 PMCID: PMC9274003 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.936196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury can be caused by many factors, including virus infection, alcohol intake, cholestasis and abnormal fat accumulation. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has become the main cause of liver fibrosis worldwide. Recently, more and more evidences show that hepatic microenvironment is involved in the pathophysiological process of liver fibrosis induced by NASH. Hepatic microenvironment consists of various types of cells and intercellular crosstalk among different cells in the liver sinusoids. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), as the gatekeeper of liver microenvironment, play an irreplaceable role in the homeostasis and alterations of liver microenvironment. Many recent studies have reported that during the progression of NASH to liver fibrosis, LSECs are involved in various stages mediated by a series of mechanisms. Therefore, here we review the key role of crosstalk between LSECs and hepatic microenvironment in the progression of NASH to liver fibrosis (steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis), as well as promising therapeutic strategies targeting LSECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Ander SE, Li FS, Carpentier KS, Morrison TE. Innate immune surveillance of the circulation: A review on the removal of circulating virions from the bloodstream. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010474. [PMID: 35511797 PMCID: PMC9070959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many viruses utilize the lymphohematogenous route for dissemination; however, they may not freely use this highway unchecked. The reticuloendothelial system (RES) is an innate defense system that surveys circulating blood, recognizing and capturing viral particles. Examination of the literature shows that the bulk of viral clearance is mediated by the liver; however, the precise mechanism(s) mediating viral vascular clearance vary between viruses and, in many cases, remains poorly defined. Herein, we summarize what is known regarding the recognition and capture of virions from the circulation prior to the generation of a specific antibody response. We also discuss the consequences of viral capture on viral pathogenesis and the fate of the captor cell. Finally, this understudied topic has implications beyond viral pathogenesis, including effects on arbovirus ecology and the application of virus-vectored gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. Ander
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Frances S. Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kathryn S. Carpentier
- Department of Natural Sciences, Greensboro College, Greensboro, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Thomas E. Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Gottwick C, Carambia A, Herkel J. Harnessing the liver to induce antigen-specific immune tolerance. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:475-484. [PMID: 35513495 PMCID: PMC9256566 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00942-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases develop when the adaptive immune system attacks the body’s own antigens leading to tissue damage. At least 80 different conditions are believed to have an autoimmune aetiology, including rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis or systemic lupus erythematosus. Collectively, autoimmune diseases are a leading cause of severe health impairment along with substantial socioeconomic costs. Current treatments are mostly symptomatic and non-specific, and it is typically not possible to cure these diseases. Thus, the development of more causative treatments that suppress only the pathogenic immune responses, but spare general immunity is of great biomedical interest. The liver offers considerable potential for development of such antigen-specific immunotherapies, as it has a distinct physiological capacity to induce immune tolerance. Indeed, the liver has been shown to specifically suppress autoimmune responses to organ allografts co-transplanted with the liver or to autoantigens that were transferred to the liver. Liver tolerance is established by a unique microenvironment that facilitates interactions between liver-resident antigen-presenting cells and lymphocytes passing by in the low blood flow within the hepatic sinusoids. Here, we summarise current concepts and mechanisms of liver immune tolerance, and review present approaches to harness liver tolerance for antigen-specific immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Gottwick
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Antonella Carambia
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Johannes Herkel
- First Department of Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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