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Das AC, Nichols JM, Crelli CV, Liu L, Vichare R, Pham HV, Gaffney CM, Cherry FR, Grace PM, Shepherd AJ, Janjic JM. Injectable, reversibly thermoresponsive captopril-laden hydrogel for the local treatment of sensory loss in diabetic neuropathy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18978. [PMID: 39152212 PMCID: PMC11329637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69437-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
A major and irreversible complication of diabetes is diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), which can lead to significant disability and decreased quality of life. Prior work demonstrates the peptide hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) is released locally in neuropathy and drives inflammation and impaired endoneurial blood flow. Therefore, we proposed that by utilizing a local thermoresponsive hydrogel injection, we could deliver inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) to suppress Ang II production and reduce nerve dysfunction in DPN through local drug release. The ACE inhibitor captopril was encapsulated into a micelle, which was then embedded into a reversibly thermoresponsive pluronics-based hydrogel matrix. Drug-free and captopril-loaded hydrogels demonstrated excellent product stability and sterility. Rheology testing confirmed sol properties with low viscosity at ambient temperature and increased viscosity and gelation at 37 °C. Captopril-loaded hydrogels significantly inhibited Ang II production in comparison to drug-free hydrogels. DPN mice treated with captopril-loaded hydrogels displayed normalized mechanical sensitivity and reduced inflammation, without side-effects associated with systemic exposure. Our data demonstrate the feasibility of repurposing ACE inhibitors as locally delivered anti-inflammatories for the treatment of sensory deficits in DPN. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of a locally delivered ACE inhibitor for the treatment of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Chandra Das
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - James M Nichols
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Caitlin V Crelli
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Riddhi Vichare
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Hoang Vu Pham
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Caitlyn M Gaffney
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Fisher R Cherry
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Peter M Grace
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Andrew J Shepherd
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 6565 MD Anderson Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Jelena M Janjic
- School of Pharmacy and Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
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Mahankali VB, Velraja S, Parvathi VD, Ramasamy S. Key Players in the Complex Pathophysiology of Obesity: A Cross-Talk Between the Obesogenic Genes and Unraveling the Metabolic Pathway of Action of Capsaicin and Orange Peel. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12010-024-04999-z. [PMID: 39102081 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is a widespread prevailing health concern with multifactorial causes. Among the various defined molecular targets associated with obesity, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma, leptin, ghrelin, and adiponectin play crucial roles in fundamental processes including energy balance, adipose tissue biology, and metabolic health, making them particularly significant in the study of obesity.Capsaicin and orange peel exhibit promising anti-obesity properties through their thermogenic, metabolic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Potential pathways for therapeutic approaches in the management of obesity are provided by these targets. The lipid-lowering and anti-obesity benefits of specific plant species have been highlighted in Asian medicine. Due to the potential anti-obesity qualities, capsaicin, which is derived from chilli peppers, and orange peel extract has been focused in this review. Capsaicin causes apoptosis in preadipocytes and adipocytes and suppresses adipogenesis. Citrus fruits are a significant source of bioactive substances, primarily flavonoids. Due to their ability to reduce adipocyte development and cellular lipid content, citrus polyphenols are helpful in the control of obesity. This extensive analysis offers insights into new treatment approaches for the prevention and management of obesity and metabolic syndrome by examining the interactions of molecular variables in obesity as well as the possible anti-obesity advantages of capsaicin and orange peel extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varshini Bhavanandam Mahankali
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, India
| | - Supriya Velraja
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, India.
| | - Venkatachalam Deepa Parvathi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (DU), Porur, Chennai, India.
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Kondratyeva LV, Gorbunova YN, Panafidina TA, Popkova TV. Hyperleptinemia as a Marker of Various Phenotypes of Obesity and Overweight in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024; 517:182-194. [PMID: 38861143 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672924700893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to identify different phenotypes of overweight in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) based on body mass index (BMI) and serum leptin levels, as well as to determine the frequencies of various metabolic disorders, hypertension, and cardiovascular complications (CVCs) in individual phenotypes. The study included 50 women with RA and 46 with SLE aged 18 to 65 years without a history of diabetes and fasting hyperglycemia. In all patients, the concentration of leptin was determined by ELISA, the concentration of insulin was determined by electrochemiluminescence analysis, and the HOMA-IR index was calculated. Hyperleptinemia was diagnosed at leptin concentrations > 11.1 ng/mL; insulin resistance (IR), at HOMA-IR values ≥ 2.77. Three main phenotypes of overweight were distinguished: "classic" (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 + hyperleptinemia), "healthy" (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, without hyperleptinemia), "hidden" or "latent" (BMI < 25 kg/m2 + hyperleptinemia), as well as "normal weight" (BMI < 25 kg/m2, without hyperleptinemia). Patients with RA and SLE were similar in age (p = 0.4), disease duration (p = 0.2) and BMI (p = 0.5). Hyperleptinemia was found in 46% of women with RA and in 74% of women with SLE (p = 0.005), and IR was found in 10 and 22% of patients, respectively (p = 0.2). The "classic" phenotype of overweight was diagnosed in 30%, "healthy" in 8%, and "hidden" in 16% of cases with RA and in 44%, 0%, and 30% of cases with SLE, respectively. IR was found in 3% and hypertension in 6% of patients with "normal weight." With the "classic" phenotype, IR (29%) and hypertension (66%) were more common than with "normal weight" (p < 0.01 in all cases); with the "hidden" phenotype, significant differences were obtained only in hypertension frequency (45%; p = 0.0012), but not IR (18%). Three out of four women with a history of cardiovascular complications suffered from "classic" overweight, and one patient had a "normal weight." In women with SLE up to 65 years of age, the frequency of hyperleptinemia, but not IR, is higher than in patients with RA. In both diseases, the "classic" overweight phenotype is most common. In RA, a "hidden" phenotype was detected less often than in SLE, at the same time, a "healthy" phenotype is not characteristic of SLE. The frequency of metabolic disorders and hypertension is low with the "normal weight" and "healthy" phenotype, high with the "classic" phenotype, and intermediate with the "hidden" phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kondratyeva
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu N Gorbunova
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T A Panafidina
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Popkova
- Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russia
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Shelake G, Baviskar S, Panda AK, Solankure S, Pandey K, Chauthe S, Behera SK. Exploring the rare variants associated with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Indian population and its disease-drug association studies: an in-silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:6307-6322. [PMID: 37440426 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2233634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The diversified eating habits and religious culture of Indian population may be one of the reasons they largely contribute to the global diabetes burden. In the present investigation, an in-silico approach was carried out to explore hub genes in the Indian population with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) that are scantily reported in the GWAS catalogue and probable potential anti-diabetic drugs from plants. This computational approach unwrapped LEP (leptin) as the hub gene among 170 genes analyzed with 14 non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) with MAF < 0.01. The mutation of the LEP gene leads to a decrease in leptin concentration, which increases the risk of obesity and T2DM. According to the DUET webserver, 11 of 14 mutations examined were found to destabilize the LEP protein. Among 14, four barely reported LEP variants rs781301976 (I45N), rs776443424 (S52F), rs200915360 (D76Y), and rs1191666811 (D162N) were unzipped to be associated with T2DM, which may be the probable potential drug targets. The virtual screening revealed Vescalagin as having the highest binding energy among 336 natural compounds. Molecular docking of Vescalagin depicted higher binding energy (-9.0 kcal/mol) against mutated LEP [rs200915360 (D76Y)] compared to wild (-8.9 kcal/mol) and LEP-Metformin complexes. The trajectory analysis of MD simulations revealed that Vescalagin was more effective than Metformin in stabilizing the system. The present study suggests that the associations of the investigated nsSNPs in LEP [rs200915360 (D76Y)] and others can be key factors in the predominant role of T2DM morbidity in the Indian population that can be used as potential markers and drug targets for T2DM therapeutics.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Shelake
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Shraddha Baviskar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Amrita Kumari Panda
- Department of Biotechnology, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Sarguja, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sunetra Solankure
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Komal Pandey
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Siddheshwar Chauthe
- Department of Natural Products, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Santosh Kumar Behera
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
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Al Zein M, Akomolafe AF, Mahmood FR, Khrayzat A, Sahebkar A, Pintus G, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Leptin is a potential biomarker of childhood obesity and an indicator of the effectiveness of weight-loss interventions. Obes Rev 2024:e13807. [PMID: 39044542 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Childhood obesity represents a significant public health concern, imposing a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Furthermore, weight-loss programs often exhibit reduced effectiveness in adults who have a history of childhood obesity. Therefore, early intervention against childhood obesity is imperative. Presently, the primary method for diagnosing childhood obesity relies on body mass index (BMI), yet this approach has inherent limitations. Leptin, a satiety hormone produced by adipocytes, holds promise as a superior tool for predicting both childhood and subsequent adulthood obesity. In this review, we elucidate the tools employed for assessing obesity in children, delve into the biological functions of leptin, and examine the factors governing its expression. Additionally, we discuss maternal and infantile leptin levels as predictors of childhood obesity. By exploring the relationship between leptin levels and weight loss, we present leptin as a potential indicator of the effectiveness of obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Fathima R Mahmood
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Khrayzat
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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Rusu CC, Kacso I, Moldovan D, Potra A, Tirinescu D, Ticala M, Orasan R, Budurea C, Anton F, Valea A, Bondor CI, Carsote M. Leptin Is Associated with Testosterone, Nutritional Markers, and Vascular Muscular Dysfunction in Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7646. [PMID: 39062887 PMCID: PMC11277084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes specific hormonal disturbances, such as variations in leptin and testosterone levels and function. These disturbances can promote errors in signaling interaction and cellular information processing and can be implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This study investigates the factors that affect leptin in CKD patients and examines how leptin is related to markers of vascular disease. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 162 patients with CKD in pre-dialysis and dialysis stages. We recorded clinical and laboratory data, including leptin, testosterone, and subclinical atherosclerosis markers like brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba PWV) in pre-dialysis CKD patients and flow-mediated vasodilation (FMD) and nitroglycerin-mediated vasodilation (NMD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Leptin was significantly correlated with testosterone in CKD pre-dialysis stages (p < 0.001) and also in HD (p = 0.026), with adipose tissue mass in pre-dialysis stages (p < 0.001), and also in HD (p < 0.001). In women HD patients, leptin correlated with NMD (p = 0.039; r = -0.379); in all HD patients, leptin correlated with C reactive protein (p = 0.007; r = 0.28) and parathormone (p = 0.039; r = -0.220). Our research emphasizes the connection between leptin, adipose tissue, and testosterone in all stages of CKD. Leptin was associated with NMD in HD women and correlated with inflammatory syndrome and parathyroid hormone in all HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crina Claudia Rusu
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ina Kacso
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Diana Moldovan
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina Potra
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dacian Tirinescu
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Ticala
- Department of Nephrology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Nephrology, County Emergency Clinical Hospital Cluj, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Remus Orasan
- Nefromed Dialysis Center, 40 Ana Aslan Street, 400528 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Budurea
- Nefromed Dialysis Center, 40 Ana Aslan Street, 400528 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Florin Anton
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Valea
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 8 Victor Babes, Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cosmina Ioana Bondor
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu Hatieganu" Cluj, 6 Pasteur Street, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mara Carsote
- Department of Endocrinology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dionisie Lupu Street, Number 37, Sector 1, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Clinical Endocrinology V, "C.I. Parhon" National Institute of Endocrinology, Aviatorilor Ave 34-36, Sector 1, 011863 Bucharest, Romania
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Simental-Mendía LE, Simental-Mendía M, Sahebkar A, Jamialahmadi T. Response to: Comment on "Effect of Fibrate Treatment on Circulating Adipokine Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials". Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103028. [PMID: 38908116 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Simental-Mendía
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica, Delegación Durango, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Durango, México.
| | - Mario Simental-Mendía
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José E. González", Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Li L, Zhao X, Tang X. Comment on "Effect of Fibrate Treatment on Circulating Adipokine Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials". Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103027. [PMID: 38896920 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueyang Tang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Talebi SS, Rezaie S, Hajmiri MS, Zamanirafe M, Ranjbar A, Moridi H, Mirjalili M, Mehrpooya M. Comparison of the effects of empagliflozin and sitagliptin, as add-on to metformin, on serum levels of asprosin and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03219-z. [PMID: 38900252 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03219-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The effect of sitagliptin and empagliflozin on serum levels of asprosin and metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was assessed in a non-randomized, prospective observational study. Seventy-nine T2DM patients, without adequate glycemic control with metformin monotherapy, were included in the study. In addition to the ongoing metformin treatment, patients received sitagliptin 100 mg and empagliflozin 10 mg once daily for 12 weeks. Anthropometric parameters, lipid and glycemic profile, insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index [HOMA-IR]), and asprosin serum levels were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks of therapy. Both empagliflozin and sitagliptin treatments led to similar, significant improvement in fasting blood glucose (FBG) and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). Compared to baseline, triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were improved with both treatments, but empagliflozin led to the more improvement. No significant change of total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were observed in either group. Insulin resistance was significantly attenuated in both groups, but to a greater degree with empagliflozin treatment. The reduction in serum asprosin levels from baseline was significantly higher in patients taking empagliflozin compared to those receiving sitagliptin. Additionally, individuals on empagliflozin exhibited a more decrease in body mass index (BMI) and body weight compared to those on sitagliptin. According to our findings, the addition of empagliflozin to metformin appeared to offer greater benefits compared to the addition of sitagliptin in terms of decreasing asprosin levels and improving certain metabolic parameters in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Saman Talebi
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Shabnam Rezaie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Ave, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran
| | - Minoo Sadat Hajmiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Maryam Zamanirafe
- Medical Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Akram Ranjbar
- Department of Pharmacology Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Heresh Moridi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mahtabalsadat Mirjalili
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Mehrpooya
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Fahmideh Ave, Hamadan, 6517838678, Iran.
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Pang W, Zhang B, Zhang J, Chen T, Han Q, Yang Z. Effects of maternal advanced lipoxidation end products diet on the glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in offspring mice. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1421848. [PMID: 38962449 PMCID: PMC11220281 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1421848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dietary advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs), which are abundant in heat-processed foods, could induce lipid metabolism disorders. However, limited studies have examined the relationship between maternal ALEs diet and offspring health. Methods To investigate the transgenerational effects of ALEs, a cross-generation mouse model was developed. The C57BL/6J mice were fed with dietary ALEs during preconception, pregnancy and lactation. Then, the changes of glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota of the offspring mice were analyzed. Results Maternal ALEs diet not only affected the metabolic homeostasis of dams, but also induced hepatic glycolipid accumulation, abnormal liver function, and disturbance of metabolism parameters in offspring. Furthermore, maternal ALEs diet significantly upregulated the expression of TLR4, TRIF and TNF-α proteins through the AMPK/mTOR/PPARα signaling pathway, leading to dysfunctional glycolipid metabolism in offspring. In addition, 16S rRNA analysis showed that maternal ALEs diet was capable of altered microbiota composition of offspring, and increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Discussion This study has for the first time demonstrated the transgenerational effects of maternal ALEs diet on the glycolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in offspring mice, and may help to better understand the adverse effects of dietary ALEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Pang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junshi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Oncology Center, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiurong Han
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Vijayashankar U, Ramashetty R, Rajeshekara M, Vishwanath N, Yadav AK, Prashant A, Lokeshwaraiah R. Leptin and ghrelin dynamics: unraveling their influence on food intake, energy balance, and the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2024; 23:427-440. [PMID: 38932792 PMCID: PMC11196531 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-024-01418-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Purpose Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired glucose homeostasis. In recent years, there has been growing interest in the role of hunger and satiety hormones such as ghrelin and leptin in the development and progression of T2DM. In this context, the present literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of how ghrelin and leptin influences food intake and maintain energy balance and its implications in the pathophysiology of T2DM. Methods A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar to choose the studies that associated leptin and ghrelin with T2DM. Original articles and reviews were included, letters to editors and case reports were excluded. Results This narrative review article provides a comprehensive summary on mechanism of action of leptin and ghrelin, its association with obesity and T2DM, how they regulate energy and glucose homeostasis and potential therapeutic implications of leptin and ghrelin in managing T2DM. Conclusion Ghrelin, known for its appetite-stimulating effects, and leptin, a hormone involved in the regulation of energy balance, have been implicated in insulin resistance and glucose metabolism. Understanding the complexities of ghrelin and leptin interactions in the context of T2DM may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies for this prevalent metabolic disorder. Further research is warranted to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these hormone actions and to explore their clinical implications for T2DM prevention and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Vijayashankar
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Rajalakshmi Ramashetty
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Mahesh Rajeshekara
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, 560002 India
| | - Nagashree Vishwanath
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Anshu Kumar Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-15, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru-15, Mysuru, 570015 India
| | - Rajeshwari Lokeshwaraiah
- Department of Physiology, JSS Medical College, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysuru, 570015 India
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12
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Oki T, Kozu Y, Hoshi M, Itoda Y, Furusho N, Ozoe R, Jinno Y, Hirata A, Kurosawa Y, Yamada S, Fukuda A, Hikichi M, Shikano S, Sugaya K, Hiranuma H, Maruoka S, Gon Y. The Relationship between Leptin Levels and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment: A Cluster Analysis. Sleep Sci 2024; 17:e143-e150. [PMID: 38846593 PMCID: PMC11152640 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Leptin is an appetite-suppressing hormone released by adipose tissue that plays an important role in severe obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). However, it is unclear whether leptin levels are a useful biomarker for this syndrome. The present study aimed to assess the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on the syndrome according to leptin levels, using a cluster classification based on clinical features of the syndrome. Materials and Methods We performed a hierarchical cluster analysis of data from 97 OSAS patients diagnosed via polysomnography. We also evaluated the effect after 6 months of CPAP administration. Results Clusters 1 (49 patients; 50.5%) and 2 (6 patients; 6.2%) presented normal leptin levels, and clusters 3 (11 patients; 11.3%) and 4 (31 patients; 32%) presented high leptin levels. Clusters 3 and 4 presented different leptin levels, but the same degree of obesity. After treatment, the levels of excessive daytime sleepiness improved in all clusters. In Cluster 3, leptin levels were significantly reduced after treatment. Conclusion Using the conventional diagnostic method of the apnea-hypopnea index, it was not clear whether leptin is a useful biomarker for the CPAP treatment. However, it may be helpful for particular clusters, including obese women, and where particular populations require CPAP treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Oki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kozu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamiko Hoshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Itoda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Furusho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ozoe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Jinno
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Hirata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kurosawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shiho Yamada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asami Fukuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Hikichi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sotaro Shikano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sugaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisato Hiranuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Itabashiku, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Ren SG, Li DM, Liu H. Baroreflex afferent function is a part of insights of Leptin-mediated blood pressure reduction and Leptin-resistance hypertension. Neuropeptides 2024; 105:102418. [PMID: 38442503 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2024.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to verify the impact of Leptin in blood pressure (BP) regulation and Leptin-resistance in metabolic/neurogenic hypertension through baroreflex afferents and dysregulation. Artery BP/heart rate (HR) were measured while nodose (NG) microinjection of Leptin, membrane depolarization/inward current were obtained by whole-cell patch from NG neurons isolated from adult female rats. Baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) tested with PE/SNP, distribution/expression of Leptin/receptors in the NG/nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) examined using immumostaining and qRT-PCR, and serum concentrations of Leptin/NE measured by ELISA were observed in control and high fructose-drinking induced hypertension (HTN-HFD) rats. The results showed that BP was significantly/dose-dependently reduced by Leptin NG microinjection likely through direct excitation of female-specific subpopulation of Ah-type neurons showing a potent membrane depolarization/inward currents. Sex-specific distribution/expression of OB-Ra/OB-Rb in the NG were detected with estrogen-dependent manner, similar observations were also confirmed in the NTS. As expected, BRS was dramatically decreased in the presence of PE/SNP in both male and female rats except for the female with PE at given concentrations. Additionally, serum concentration of Leptin was elevated in HFD-HTN model rats of either sex with more obvious in females. Under hypertensive condition, the mean fluorescent density of OB-R and mRNA expression for OB-Ra/OB-Rb in the NG/NTS were significantly down-regulated. These results have demonstrated that Leptin play a role in dominant parasympathetic drive via baroreflex afferent activation to buffer Leptin-mediated sympathetic activation systemically and Leptin-resistance is an innegligible mechanism for metabolic/neurogenic hypertension through baroreflex afferent dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Gang Ren
- School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325025, China; South Zhejiang Institute of Radiation Medicine and Nuclear Technology Application, Wenzhou 325089, China
| | - Dong-Mei Li
- Basic Medical Department of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Hua Liu
- General Department, Wuxi Central Rehabilitation Hospital, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214151, China.
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Virgolici B, Dobre MZ, Lixandru D, Petcu L, Picu A, Ionescu-Târgovişte C, Greabu M, Bacanu EV. The importance of the enzyme Gamma-glutamyltransferase in the pathogenic cluster in type2 diabetic patient. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MEDECINE INTERNE 2024; 62:203-209. [PMID: 38377067 DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2024-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is a liver enzyme involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. It is already known that MCP-1 (Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1) and TNF-α (tumour necrosis factor) as inflammatory markers, ICAM-1 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) as an endothelial dysfunctional marker, and glutathione, as an antioxidant, have abnormal levels in type 2 diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific biological picture of type 2 diabetic patients that also associate higher GGT activity. Methods. Eighty-five type 2 diabetes, aged 40-70 years with a duration of diabetes less than 6 years without infections, epilepsy, chronic liver or cardiac diseases, without alcohol consumption (>20 g/day) were divided in two subgroups, those with normal and those with high abnormal GGT. Results. The diabetic patients with high GGT (n=31) had dysglycaemia, dyslipidemia, higher inflammatory markers (CRP, TNF-α, MCP-1) and endothelial dysfunction (high leptin and sICAM). sICAM, serum MCP-1 and TNF-α levels had significant correlations with GGT activity (r= 0.38, r=0.30 and 0.26 respectively, p<0.05). Conclusion. This study underlines that in non-alcoholic diabetic patients, with a duration of the metabolic disease less than 6 years, sICAM, serum MCP-1 and TNF-α might play an important role in dysmetabolism, and higher level for GGT represents the "red flag" for this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdana Virgolici
- 1"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Daniela Lixandru
- 1"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura Petcu
- 2National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ariana Picu
- 2National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Maria Greabu
- 1"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Violeta Bacanu
- 2National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
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15
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Elhadad MA, Del C Gómez-Alonso M, Chen CW, Neumeyer S, Delerue T, Rathmann W, Näbauer M, Meisinger C, Kääb S, Seissler J, Graumann J, Koenig W, Suhre K, Gieger C, Völker U, Peters A, Hammer E, Waldenberger M. Plasma proteome association with coronary heart disease and carotid intima media thickness: results from the KORA F4 study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2024; 23:181. [PMID: 38811951 PMCID: PMC11138055 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-024-02274-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is the main cause of stroke and coronary heart disease (CHD), both leading mortality causes worldwide. Proteomics, as a high-throughput method, could provide helpful insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying atherosclerosis. In this study, we characterized the associations of plasma protein levels with CHD and with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), as a surrogate measure of atherosclerosis. METHODS The discovery phase included 1000 participants from the KORA F4 study, whose plasma protein levels were quantified using the aptamer-based SOMAscan proteomics platform. We evaluated the associations of plasma protein levels with CHD using logistic regression, and with CIMT using linear regression. For both outcomes we applied two models: an age-sex adjusted model, and a model additionally adjusted for body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, diabetes status, hypertension status, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels (fully-adjusted model). The replication phase included a matched case-control sample from the independent KORA F3 study, using ELISA-based measurements of galectin-4. Pathway analysis was performed with nominally associated proteins (p-value < 0.05) from the fully-adjusted model. RESULTS In the KORA F4 sample, after Bonferroni correction, we found CHD to be associated with five proteins using the age-sex adjusted model: galectin-4 (LGALS4), renin (REN), cathepsin H (CTSH), and coagulation factors X and Xa (F10). The fully-adjusted model yielded only the positive association of galectin-4 (OR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.30-1.93), which was successfully replicated in the KORA F3 sample (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.09-1.88). For CIMT, we found four proteins to be associated using the age-sex adjusted model namely: cytoplasmic protein NCK1 (NCK1), insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2), growth hormone receptor (GHR), and GDNF family receptor alpha-1 (GFRA1). After assessing the fully-adjusted model, only NCK1 remained significant (β = 0.017, p-value = 1.39e-06). Upstream regulators of galectin-4 and NCK1 identified from pathway analysis were predicted to be involved in inflammation pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our proteome-wide association study identified galectin-4 to be associated with CHD and NCK1 to be associated with CIMT. Inflammatory pathways underlying the identified associations highlight the importance of inflammation in the development and progression of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Elhadad
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany.
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Mónica Del C Gómez-Alonso
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Chien-Wei Chen
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Information Sciences, Biometry and Epidemiology Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Neumeyer
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Delerue
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Rathmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Partner Site Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Näbauer
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Chair of Epidemiology, University of Augsburg, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, Medical Policlinic and University Clinic I, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Seissler
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, University Hospital of Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Translational Proteomics, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Bioinformatics Core, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Education City, 24144, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 10065, New York, NY , USA
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annette Peters
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Information Sciences, Biometry and Epidemiology Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Melanie Waldenberger
- Research Unit Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Hohlstein P, Salvarcioglu C, Pollmanns MR, Adams JK, Abu Jhaisha S, Kabak E, Eisert A, Hamesch K, Weiskirchen R, Koch A, Wirtz TH. Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Serum Leptin in Critically Ill Patients with Acute versus Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1170. [PMID: 38927377 PMCID: PMC11200812 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Differentiation between acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) can be challenging in patients with de novo liver disease but is important to indicate the referral to a transplant center and urgency of organ allocation. Leptin, an adipocyte-derived cytokine that regulates energy storage and satiety, has multiple regulatory functions in the liver. We enrolled 160 critically ill patients with liver disease and 20 healthy individuals to measure serum leptin concentrations as a potential biomarker for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Notably, patients with ALF had higher concentrations of serum leptin compared to patients with decompensated advanced chronic liver disease (dACLD) or ACLF (110 vs. 50 vs. 29 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Levels of serum leptin below 56 pg/mL excluded ALF in patients with acute hepatic disease, with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 98.8% in our cohort. Lastly, serum leptin did not show any dynamic changes within the first 48 h of ICU treatment, especially not in comparison with patients with ALF vs. ACLF or survivors vs. non-survivors. In conclusion, serum leptin may represent a helpful biomarker to exclude ALF in critically ill patients who present with acute liver dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hohlstein
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Can Salvarcioglu
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Maike R. Pollmanns
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Jule K. Adams
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Elena Kabak
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Albrecht Eisert
- Hospital Pharmacy, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Karim Hamesch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Alexander Koch
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
| | - Theresa H. Wirtz
- Department for Gastroenterology, Metabolic Disorders and Intensive Care Medicine, RWTH-University Hospital Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (P.H.); (C.S.); (M.R.P.); (J.K.A.); (S.A.J.); (E.K.); (K.H.); (T.H.W.)
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Gao Z, Wei H, Xiao J, Huang W. Mediators between body mass index and atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1369594. [PMID: 38840698 PMCID: PMC11150702 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1369594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although obesity is a recognized risk factor of atrial fibrillation (AF), the mechanisms are not fully understood. Objective We aimed to identify the potential mediators between body mass index (BMI) and AF. Methods We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available summary-level data from genome-wide association studies. Univariable MR analyses were applied to identify potential mediators, and then the multivariable MR analyses were conducted to explore the mediated roles of circulating biomarkers, metabolic markers and comorbidities in the association between BMI and AF. Results This MR study found a significant causal association between BMI and AF (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.33-1.50; p < 0.001), which was attenuated to 1.21 (95% CI = 1.03-1.43) after being adjusted for leptin, in which 48.78% excess risk was mediated. After further adjustment for leptin and some cormorbidies, the association was attenuated to null (adjusted for leptin and sleep apnoea: OR=1.05, 95% CI = 0.85-1.30; adjusted for leptin and coronary heart disease: OR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.90-1.30; adjusted for leptin and systolic blood pressure: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.88-1.41), resulting in 87.80%, 80.49% and 73.17% excess risk being mediated, respectively. Conclusion These results identified an important mediated role of leptin, particularly for individuals with sleep apnoea, coronary heart disease or hypertension, providing some clues for the underlying mechanisms behind the impact of obesity on AF risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziting Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongye Wei
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wuqing Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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18
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Lee S, Byun MS, Yi D, Ahn H, Jung G, Jung JH, Chang YY, Kim K, Choi H, Choi J, Lee JY, Kang KM, Sohn CH, Lee YS, Kim YK, Lee DY. Plasma Leptin and Alzheimer Protein Pathologies Among Older Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e249539. [PMID: 38700863 PMCID: PMC11069086 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.9539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Many epidemiologic studies have suggested that low levels of plasma leptin, a major adipokine, are associated with increased risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) dementia and cognitive decline. Nevertheless, the mechanistic pathway linking plasma leptin and AD-related cognitive decline is not yet fully understood. Objective To examine the association of plasma leptin levels with in vivo AD pathologies, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and tau deposition, through both cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches among cognitively unimpaired older adults. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a longitudinal cohort study from the Korean Brain Aging Study for Early Diagnosis and Prediction of Alzheimer Disease. Data were collected from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2020, and data were analyzed from July 11 to September 6, 2022. The study included a total of 208 cognitively unimpaired participants who underwent baseline positron emission tomography (PET) scans for brain Aβ deposition. For longitudinal analyses, 192 participants who completed both baseline and 2-year follow-up PET scans for brain Aβ deposition were included. Exposure Plasma leptin levels as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Main Outcomes and Measures Baseline levels and longitudinal changes of global Aβ and AD-signature region tau deposition measured by PET scans. Results Among the 208 participants, the mean (SD) age was 66.0 (11.3) years, 114 were women (54.8%), and 37 were apolipoprotein E ε4 carriers (17.8%). Lower plasma leptin levels had a significant cross-sectional association with greater brain Aβ deposition (β = -0.04; 95% CI, -0.09 to 0.00; P = .046), while there was no significant association between plasma leptin levels and tau deposition (β = -0.02; 95% CI, -0.05 to 0.02; P = .41). In contrast, longitudinal analyses revealed that there was a significant association between lower baseline leptin levels and greater increase of tau deposition over 2 years (β = -0.06; 95% CI, -0.11 to -0.01; P = .03), whereas plasma leptin levels did not have a significant association with longitudinal change of Aβ deposition (β = 0.006; 95% CI, 0.00-0.02; P = .27). Conclusions and Relevance The present findings suggest that plasma leptin may be protective for the development or progression of AD pathology, including both Aβ and tau deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghoon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Myongji Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Soo Byun
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Yi
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Ahn
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gijung Jung
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hyung Jung
- Department of Psychiatry, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungtae Kim
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeji Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Choi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Koung Mi Kang
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Young Lee
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Human Behavioral Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of Cognitive Science, Seoul National University College of Humanities, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Abdisa KB, Szerdahelyi E, Molnár MA, Friedrich L, Lakner Z, Koris A, Toth A, Nath A. Metabolic Syndrome and Biotherapeutic Activity of Dairy (Cow and Buffalo) Milk Proteins and Peptides: Fast Food-Induced Obesity Perspective-A Narrative Review. Biomolecules 2024; 14:478. [PMID: 38672494 PMCID: PMC11048494 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is defined by the outcome of interconnected metabolic factors that directly increase the prevalence of obesity and other metabolic diseases. Currently, obesity is considered one of the most relevant topics of discussion because an epidemic heave of the incidence of obesity in both developing and underdeveloped countries has been reached. According to the World Obesity Atlas 2023 report, 38% of the world population are presently either obese or overweight. One of the causes of obesity is an imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure, where nutritional imbalance due to consumption of high-calorie fast foods play a pivotal role. The dynamic interactions among different risk factors of obesity are highly complex; however, the underpinnings of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia for obesity incidence are recognized. Fast foods, primarily composed of soluble carbohydrates, non-nutritive artificial sweeteners, saturated fats, and complexes of macronutrients (protein-carbohydrate, starch-lipid, starch-lipid-protein) provide high metabolic calories. Several experimental studies have pointed out that dairy proteins and peptides may modulate the activities of risk factors of obesity. To justify the results precisely, peptides from dairy milk proteins were synthesized under in vitro conditions and their contributions to biomarkers of obesity were assessed. Comprehensive information about the impact of proteins and peptides from dairy milks on fast food-induced obesity is presented in this narrative review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenbon Beyene Abdisa
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Emőke Szerdahelyi
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Somlói út 14-16, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Máté András Molnár
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - László Friedrich
- Department of Refrigeration and Livestock Product Technology, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 43-45, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Lakner
- Department of Agricultural Business and Economics, Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Villányi út 29-43, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Koris
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
| | - Attila Toth
- Division of Clinical Physiology, Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Móricz Zsigmond út 22, HU-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Arijit Nath
- Department of Food Process Engineering, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ménesi út 44, HU-1118 Budapest, Hungary; (K.B.A.)
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20
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Zmaili M, Alzubi J, Alkhayyat M, Albakri A, Alkhalaileh F, Longinow J, Moudgil R. Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: The Conjoined Twins. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1450. [PMID: 38672532 PMCID: PMC11048405 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the two most common causes of death worldwide. As the fields of cardiovascular medicine and oncology continue to expand, the area of overlap is becoming more prominent demanding dedicated attention and individualized patient care. We have come to realize that both fields are inextricably intertwined in several aspects, so much so that the mere presence of one, with its resultant downstream implications, has an impact on the other. Nonetheless, cardiovascular disease and cancer are generally approached independently. The focus that is granted to the predominant pathological entity (either cardiovascular disease or cancer), does not allow for optimal medical care for the other. As a result, ample opportunities for improvement in overall health care are being overlooked. Herein, we hope to shed light on the interconnected relationship between cardiovascular disease and cancer and uncover some of the unintentionally neglected intricacies of common cardiovascular therapeutics from an oncologic standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zmaili
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
| | - Jafar Alzubi
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19141, USA
| | - Motasem Alkhayyat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Almaza Albakri
- Jordanian Royal Medical Services, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdullah II Ben Al-Hussein Street, Amman 11855, Jordan
| | - Feras Alkhalaileh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Joshua Longinow
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rohit Moudgil
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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21
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Manglani K, Anika NN, Patel D, Jhaveri S, Avanthika C, Sudan S, Alimohamed Z, Tiwari K. Correlation of Leptin in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2024; 16:e57667. [PMID: 38707092 PMCID: PMC11070180 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase in diabetes mellitus (DM) poses serious public health concerns. In this review, we focus on the role of leptin in type 2 DM. The peripheral actions of leptin consist of upregulating proinflammatory cytokines which play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 DM and insulin resistance. Moreover, leptin is known to inhibit insulin secretion and plays a significant role in insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 DM. A literature search was conducted on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar for relevant articles published until December 2023. The following search strings and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH terms) were used: "Diabetes Mellitus," "Leptin," "NPY," and "Biomarker." This article aims to discuss the physiology of leptin in type 2 DM, its glucoregulatory actions, its relationship with appetite, the impact that various lifestyle modifications can have on leptin levels, and, finally, explore leptin as a potential target for various treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajol Manglani
- Internal Medicine, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, USA
| | | | - Dhriti Patel
- Medicine and Surgery, B.J. Medical College and Civil Hospital, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Sharan Jhaveri
- Medicine and Surgery, Smt. Nathiba Hargovandas Lakhmichand Municipal Medical College, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, IND
| | - Chaithanya Avanthika
- Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Elmhurst Hospital Center, New York, USA
- Medicine and Surgery, Karnataka Institute of Medical Sciences, Hubballi, IND
| | - Sourav Sudan
- Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Rajouri, Rajouri, IND
| | - Zainab Alimohamed
- Division of Research & Academic Affairs, Larkin Health System, South Miami, USA
| | - Kripa Tiwari
- Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, USA
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22
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Vilariño-García T, Polonio-González ML, Pérez-Pérez A, Ribalta J, Arrieta F, Aguilar M, Obaya JC, Gimeno-Orna JA, Iglesias P, Navarro J, Durán S, Pedro-Botet J, Sánchez-Margalet V. Role of Leptin in Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2338. [PMID: 38397015 PMCID: PMC10888594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent disease worldwide, estimated to affect 1 in every 11 adults; among them, 90-95% of cases are type 2 diabetes mellitus. This is partly attributed to the surge in the prevalence of obesity, which has reached epidemic proportions since 2008. In these patients, cardiovascular (CV) risk stands as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality, placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems due to the potential for macrovascular and microvascular complications. In this context, leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a fundamental role. This hormone is essential for regulating the cellular metabolism and energy balance, controlling inflammatory responses, and maintaining CV system homeostasis. Thus, leptin resistance not only contributes to weight gain but may also lead to increased cardiac inflammation, greater fibrosis, hypertension, and impairment of the cardiac metabolism. Understanding the relationship between leptin resistance and CV risk in obese individuals with type 2 DM (T2DM) could improve the management and prevention of this complication. Therefore, in this narrative review, we will discuss the evidence linking leptin with the presence, severity, and/or prognosis of obesity and T2DM regarding CV disease, aiming to shed light on the potential implications for better management and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vilariño-García
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen del Rocio University Hospital, University of Seville, Seville 41013, Spain;
| | - María L. Polonio-González
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009, Spain; (M.L.P.-G.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009, Spain; (M.L.P.-G.); (A.P.-P.)
| | - Josep Ribalta
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, University Rovira i Vigili, IISPV, CIBERDEM, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Francisco Arrieta
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Manuel Aguilar
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Ciencias Biomédicas de la Provincia de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz University (UCA), 11001 Cádiz, Spain;
| | - Juan C. Obaya
- Chopera Helath Center, Alcobendas Primary Care,Alcobendas 28100 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José A. Gimeno-Orna
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinico Universitario Lozano Blesa, 15 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Pedro Iglesias
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Majadahonda, 28220 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jorge Navarro
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia,46011 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Santiago Durán
- Endodiabesidad Clínica Durán & Asociados,41018 Seville, Spain;
| | - Juan Pedro-Botet
- Lipids and Cardiovascular Risk Unit, Hospital del Mar, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08003 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virgen Macarena University Hospital, University of Seville, 41009, Spain; (M.L.P.-G.); (A.P.-P.)
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Virgen Macarena, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain
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23
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Kusters CDJ, Paul KC, Lu AT, Ferruci L, Ritz BR, Binder AM, Horvath S. Higher testosterone and testosterone/estradiol ratio in men are associated with decreased Pheno-/GrimAge and DNA-methylation based PAI1. GeroScience 2024; 46:1053-1069. [PMID: 37369886 PMCID: PMC10828310 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00832-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones are hypothesized to drive sex-specific health disparities. Here, we study the association between sex steroid hormones and DNA methylation-based (DNAm) biomarkers of age and mortality risk including Pheno Age Acceleration (AA), Grim AA, and DNAm-based estimators of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI1), and leptin concentrations. We pooled data from three population-based cohorts, the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging, and the InCHIANTI Study, including 1,062 postmenopausal women without hormone therapy and 1,612 men of European descent. Sex-stratified analyses using a linear mixed regression were performed, with a Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) adjustment for multiple testing. Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) was associated with a decrease in DNAm PAI1 among men (per 1 standard deviation (SD): -478 pg/mL; 95%CI: -614 to -343; P:1e-11; BH-P: 1e-10), and women (-434 pg/mL; 95%CI: -589 to -279; P:1e-7; BH-P:2e-6). The testosterone/estradiol (TE) ratio was associated with a decrease in Pheno AA (-0.41 years; 95%CI: -0.70 to -0.12; P:0.01; BH-P: 0.04), and DNAm PAI1 (-351 pg/mL; 95%CI: -486 to -217; P:4e-7; BH-P:3e-6) among men. In men, testosterone was associated with a decrease in DNAm PAI1 (-481 pg/mL; 95%CI: -613 to -349; P:2e-12; BH-P:6e-11). SHBG was associated with lower DNAm PAI1 among men and women. Higher testosterone and testosterone/estradiol ratio were associated with lower DNAm PAI and a younger epigenetic age in men. A decrease in DNAm PAI1 is associated with lower mortality and morbidity risk indicating a potential protective effect of testosterone on lifespan and conceivably cardiovascular health via DNAm PAI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia D J Kusters
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health at UCLA, Box 708822, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, CA, 90095-7088, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ake T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, USA
| | - Luigi Ferruci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute On Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Beate R Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Binder
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Dai Q, Guo Y, Dong X, Gao Y, Li S, Zhao J, Xu Y, Liu K. The role of leptin in ischemic stroke and its subtypes: A Mendelian randomization study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:360-368. [PMID: 37949710 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have suggested a relationship between leptin and risk of stroke. However, evidence for the association remains inconsistent, and whether the association reflects a causal relationship remains to be established. To clarify this relationship, we adopted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate whether leptin plays a causal role in the risk of stroke and its subtypes. METHODS AND RESULTS Five independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the leptin level from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of European individuals were selected. We performed an MR analysis using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) as primary method to examine the causal effects of leptin on ischemic stroke (IS). Moreover, MR-Egger intercept and Cochran's Q statistic were also performed to detect the pleiotropy or heterogeneity of our MR results. Genetically predicted circulating leptin level was not associated with ischemic stroke [odds ratio (OR): 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-2.8, P = 0.22], large artery stroke (OR: 1.44, 95% CI: 0.39-5.25, P = 0.57), cardioembolic stroke (OR:1.33, 95% CI: 0.55-3.22, P = 0.52), and small vessel stroke (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 0.39-5.63, P = 0.56) using the IVW method. Likewise, there is no convincing evidence for the associations between leptin levels and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk factors. CONCLUSIONS This study did not provide evidence that leptin levels are associated with increased risk of stroke and its subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Dai
- Nursing School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuanli Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Nursing School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaofang Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Nursing School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Nursing School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Shen Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiawei Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yuming Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Kai Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China; Nursing School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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25
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Fan X, Qin R, Yuan W, Fan JS, Huang W, Lin Z. The solution structure of human leptin reveals a conformational plasticity important for receptor recognition. Structure 2024; 32:18-23.e2. [PMID: 37924810 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2023.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is a multi-potency cytokine that regulates various physiological functions, including weight control and energy homeostasis. Signaling of leptin is also important in many aging-related diseases. Leptin is required for the noncovalent crosslinking of different extracellular domains of leptin receptors, which is critical for receptor activation and downstream signaling. Nevertheless, the structure of intact apo-form leptin and the structural transition leptin undergoes upon receptor binding are not fully understood yet. Here, we determined the monomeric structure of wild-type human leptin by solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Leptin contains an intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in the internal A-B loop and the flexible helix E in the C-D loop, both of which undergo substantial local structural changes when leptin binds to its receptor. Our findings provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms of leptin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ruiqi Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jing-Song Fan
- Department of Structural Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Pl, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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26
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Aslam B, Hussain A, Faisal MN, Kousar S, Roobi A, Sajid MR, Gul A. Polyherbal extract improves glycometabolic control in alloxan-induced diabetic rats via down-regulating the MAPK/JNK pathway, modulating Nrf-2/Keap-1 expression, and stimulating insulin signaling. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 27:170-179. [PMID: 38234664 PMCID: PMC10790299 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2023.72553.15780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This study focused on the evaluation of antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of polyherbal extract (PHE), containing Cassia absus (L.), Gymnema sylvestre (R. Br.), Nigella sativa (L.), and Piper nigrum (L.), in alloxan-induced diabetes model. Materials and Methods In vitro, HPLC characterization, DPPH scavenging assay, and α-amylase inhibition test were conducted. In vivo, acute oral toxicity of PHE was assessed. Alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats (n=6) were orally treated with PHE (200, 400, and 600 mg/kg/day) and glibenclamide (GLB; 10 mg/kg/day) for six consecutive weeks. Then, biochemical biomarkers, oxidative stress parameters, histopathological examination, and mRNA expression levels (RT-qPCR) were determined. Results The presence of polyphenols in PHE was confirmed in correlation to marked DPPH scavenging (IC50: 1.60 mg/ml) and α-amylase inhibition (IC50: 0.82 mg/ml). PHE demonstrated no toxicity in rats up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg. In diabetic rats, PHE dose-dependently ameliorated the serum levels of glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), leptin, and glucokinase (GCK). Also, PHE substantially alleviated serum inflammatory markers (TNF-α and CRP) and oxidative stress indicators (MDA, SOD, and CAT) in pancreatic tissues. PHE, particularly at 600 mg/kg, attenuated cellular oxidative stress via modulating the mRNA expression levels of genes regulating MAPK/JNK (Mapk-8, Traf-4, and Traf-6) and Nrf-2/Keap-1 pathways and promoted insulin signaling through up-regulating insulin signaling cascade (Pdx-1, Ins-1, and Ins-2), as compared to GLB. Furthermore, histopathological findings supported the aforementioned results. Conclusion Our study suggests that polyherbal extract has promising antioxidant and antidiabetic activities by modulating the MAPK/JNK, Nrf-2/Keap-1, and insulin signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Aslam
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Asif Hussain
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, Riphah International University, Faisalabad-38000, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shaneel Kousar
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lahore-54590, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Alishbah Roobi
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rehan Sajid
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Gul
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
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Zhang A, Tian S. Integrative Analyses of Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptomic Data Reveal No Association between Leptin and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD 2023; 20:321-326. [PMID: 37812260 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2023.2260890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
As a key adipokine, leptin has been extensively investigated for its potential role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, concordant conclusions have not been attained. In this study, we investigated the relationship between leptin and COPD using an integrative analysis that combined a Mendelian randomization (MR) study with transcriptomic data analysis. Here, the MR analysis was performed on the online platform MR-Base, and the bioinformatics analyses were performed with the aid of R Bioconductor packages. No evidence was found by the integrative analysis to support the association of the two attributes. All methods detected a null causal effect of leptin on COPD in the MR analysis. In particular, when the genetically predicted leptin level increased one unit, the risk of developing COPD was estimated as 0.999 (p = 0.943), 0.920 (p = 0.516), 1.002 (p = 0.885), and 1.002 (p = 0.906) by the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode method, respectively. Furthermore, no leptin-associated genes except one were identified as being differentially expressed between COPD and control in bioinformatics analysis. The observed association between leptin and COPD in previous observational studies may be attributable to unmeasured confounding effects or reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Suyan Tian
- Division of Clinical Research, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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Al Zein M, Zein O, Diab R, Dimachkie L, Sahebkar A, Al-Asmakh M, Kobeissy F, Eid AH. Intermittent fasting favorably modulates adipokines and potentially attenuates atherosclerosis. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 218:115876. [PMID: 37871879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive molecules called adipokines. These biomolecules regulate key physiological functions, including insulin sensitivity, energy metabolism, appetite regulation, endothelial function and immunity. Dysregulated secretion of adipokines is intimately associated with obesity, and translates into increased risk of obesity-related cardiovasculo-metabolic diseases. In particular, emerging evidence suggests that adipokine imbalance contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. One of the promising diet regimens that is beneficial in the fight against obesity and cardiometabolic disorders is intermittent fasting (IF). Indeed, IF robustly suppresses inflammation, meditates weight loss and mitigates many aspects of the cardiometabolic syndrome. In this paper, we review the main adipokines and their role in atherosclerosis, which remains a major contributor to cardiovascular-associated morbidity and mortality. We further discuss how IF can be employed as an effective management modality for obesity-associated atherosclerosis. By exploring a plethora of the beneficial effects of IF, particularly on inflammatory markers, we present IF as a possible intervention to help prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Al Zein
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Omar Zein
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rawan Diab
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lina Dimachkie
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maha Al-Asmakh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Neurobiology and Neuroscience, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Capuozzo M, Celotto V, Landi L, Ferrara F, Sabbatino F, Perri F, Cascella M, Granata V, Santorsola M, Ottaiano A. Beyond Body Size: Adiponectin as a Key Player in Obesity-Driven Cancers. Nutr Cancer 2023; 75:1848-1862. [PMID: 37873648 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2272343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a complex and multifactorial disease influenced by genetic, environmental, and psychological factors, has reached epidemic proportions globally, posing a significant health challenge. In addition to its established association with cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes, obesity has been implicated as a risk factor for various cancers. However, the precise biological mechanisms linking obesity and cancer remain largely understood. Adipose tissue, an active endocrine organ, produces numerous hormones and bioactive molecules known as adipokines, which play a crucial role in metabolism, immune responses, and systemic inflammation. Notably, adiponectin (APN), the principal adipocyte secretory protein, exhibits reduced expression levels in obesity. In this scoping review, we explore and discuss the role of APN in influencing cancer in common malignancies, including lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, gastric, and endometrial cancers. Our review aims to emphasize the critical significance of investigating this field, as it holds great potential for the development of innovative treatment strategies that specifically target obesity-related malignancies. Furthermore, the implementation of more rigorous and comprehensive prevention and treatment policies for obesity is imperative in order to effectively mitigate the risk of associated diseases, such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Francesco Sabbatino
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Perri
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cascella
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenza Granata
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori di Napoli, IRCCS "G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
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30
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Kokkorakis M, Katsarou A, Katsiki N, Mantzoros CS. Milestones in the journey towards addressing obesity; Past trials and triumphs, recent breakthroughs, and an exciting future in the era of emerging effective medical therapies and integration of effective medical therapies with metabolic surgery. Metabolism 2023; 148:155689. [PMID: 37689110 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
The 21st century is characterized by an increasing incidence and prevalence of obesity and the burden of its associated comorbidities, especially cardiometabolic diseases, which are reaching pandemic proportions. In the late '90s, the "black box" of adipose tissue and energy homeostasis was opened with the discovery of leptin, transforming the adipose tissue from an "inert fat-storage organ" to the largest human endocrine organ and creating the basis on which more intensified research efforts to elucidate the pathogenesis of obesity and develop novel treatments were based upon. Even though leptin was eventually not proven to be the "standalone magic bullet" for the treatment of common/polygenic obesity, it has been successful in the treatment of monogenic obesity syndromes. Additionally, it shifted the paradigm of treating obesity from a condition due to "lack of willpower" to a disease due to distinct underlying biological mechanisms for which specific pharmacotherapies would be needed in addition to lifestyle modification. Subsequently, the melanocortin pathway proved to be an equally valuable pathway for the pharmacotherapy of obesity. Melanocortin receptor agonists have recently been approved for treating certain types of syndromic obesity. Other molecules- such as incretins, implicated in energy and glucose homeostasis- are secreted by the gastrointestinal tract. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) is the most prominent one, with GLP-1 analogs approved for common/polygenic obesity. Unimolecular combinations with other incretins, e.g., GLP-1 with gastric inhibitory polypeptide and/or glucagon, are expected to be approved soon as more effective pharmacotherapies for obesity and its comorbidities. Unimolecular combinations with other compounds and small molecules activating the receptors of these molecules are currently under investigation as promising future pharmacotherapies. Moreover, metabolic and bariatric surgery has also demonstrated impressive results, especially in the case of morbid obesity. Consequently, this broadening therapeutic armamentarium calls for a well-thought-after and well-coordinated multidisciplinary approach, for instance, through cardiometabolic expertise centers, that would ideally address effectively and cost-effectively obesity and its comorbidities, providing tangible benefits to large segments of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Kokkorakis
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Angeliki Katsarou
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Niki Katsiki
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christos S Mantzoros
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Section of Endocrinology, VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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31
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Diao H, Li X, Xu Y, Xing X, Pang S. Asprosin, a novel glucogenic adipokine implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2023; 37:108614. [PMID: 37769508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2023.108614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Asprosin, encoded by penultimate two exons (exon 65 and exon 66) of the gene Fibrillin 1 (FBN1), has been recently discovered to be a novel hormone secreted by white adipose tissues during fasting. The glucose metabolism disorders are often accompanied by increased asprosin level. Previous research suggests that asprosin may contribute to the development of diabetes by regulating glucose homeostasis, appetite, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. In this review, we summarize the recent findings from studies on asprosin and its association with Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and discusses its mechanisms from various aspects, so as to provide clinical diagnosis and treatment ideas for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongcui Diao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yeqiu Xu
- Department of Eye, Oral & Plastic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiuli Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuguang Pang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China; Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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Talati M, Brittain E, Agrawal V, Fortune N, Simon K, Shay S, Zeng X, Freeman ML, West J, Hemnes A. A potential adverse role for leptin and cardiac leptin receptor in the right ventricle in pulmonary arterial hypertension: effect of metformin is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1276422. [PMID: 37869164 PMCID: PMC10586504 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1276422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a fatal cardiopulmonary disease. Leptin, a neuroendocrine hormone released by adipose tissue, has a complex relationship with cardiovascular diseases, including PAH. Leptin is thought to be an important factor linking metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disorders. Given the published association between metabolic syndrome and RV dysfunction in PAH, we sought to determine the association between leptin and RV dysfunction. We hypothesized that in PAH-RV, leptin influences metabolic changes via leptin receptors, which can be manipulated by metformin. Methods Plasma leptin was measured in PAH patients and healthy controls from a published trial of metformin in PAH. Leptin receptor localization was detected in RV from PAH patients, healthy controls, animal models of PH with RV dysfunction before and after metformin treatment, and cultured cardiomyocytes with two different BMPR2 mutants by performing immunohistochemical and cell fractionation studies. Functional studies were conducted in cultured cardiomyocytes to examine the role of leptin and metformin in lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration. Results In human studies, we found that plasma leptin levels were higher in PAH patients and moderately correlated with higher BMI, but not in healthy controls. Circulating leptin levels were reduced by metformin treatment, and these findings were confirmed in an animal model of RV dysfunction. Leptin receptor expression was increased in PAH-RV cardiomyocytes. In animal models of RV dysfunction and cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, we found increased expression and membrane localization of the leptin receptor. In cultured cardiomyocytes with BMPR2 mutation, leptin moderately influences palmitate uptake, possibly via CD36, in a mutation-specific manner. Furthermore, in cultured cardiomyocytes, the Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer and gene expression data indicate that leptin may not directly influence lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. However, metformin alone or when supplemented with leptin can improve lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes. The effect of metformin on lipid-driven mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocytes is BMPR2 mutation-specific. Conclusion In PAH, increased circulating leptin can influence metabolic signaling in RV cardiomyocytes via the leptin receptor; in particular, it may alter lipid-dependent RV metabolism in combination with metformin in a mutation-specific manner and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Talati
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Evan Brittain
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Vineet Agrawal
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Niki Fortune
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Katie Simon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sheila Shay
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Xiaofang Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - James West
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anna Hemnes
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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Mao M, Deng Y, Wang L, Zhao G, Qi R, Gong H, Shen T, Xu Y, Liu D, Chen B. Chronic unpredictable mild stress promotes atherosclerosis via adipose tissue dysfunction in ApoE -/- mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16029. [PMID: 37692113 PMCID: PMC10484201 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) has been shown to exacerbate atherosclerosis, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Adipose tissue is an energy storage organ and the largest endocrine organ in the human body, playing a key role in the development of cardiovascular disease. In this research, it was hypothesized that CUMS may exacerbate the development of atherosclerosis by inducing the hypertrophy and dysfunction of white adipocytes. Methods The CUMS-induced atherosclerosis model was developed in Western diet-fed apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-/- mice. White adipose tissue (WAT), serum, aortic root, and the brachiocephalic trunk were collected and tested after 12 weeks of CUMS development. The mouse model of CUMS was evaluated for depression-like behavior using the open field test (OFT) and the elevated plus maze (EPM) test. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was conducted to detect serum noradrenaline and urine adrenaline protein levels. Serological assays were used to detect serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and oil red O were used to detect atherosclerotic plaque area, lipid deposition, and adipocyte size. The mRNA levels of genes related to aberrant adipose tissue function were determined using real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were conducted to examine the expression of proteins in the adipose tissue samples. Results CUMS aggravated vascular atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE-/- mice. It decreased body weight while increasing the percentage of WAT. The serological results indicated that the concentration of HDL decreased in CUMS mice. Notably, adipocyte hypertrophy increased, whereas the mRNA levels of Pparg and its target genes (Slc2a4 (encodes for GLUT4), Adipoq, and Plin1) decreased. Further investigation revealed that CUMS increased subcutaneous inguinal WAT (iWAT) lipid synthesis and adipocyte inflammation while decreasing lipid hydrolysis and the expression of HDL-associated protein ApoA-I. Moreover, CUMS aggravated insulin resistance in mice and inhibited the insulin pathway in iWAT. Conclusions These findings indicated that CUMS induces adipose tissue dysfunction via a mechanism that leads to dyslipidemia, increased inflammation, and insulin resistance in the body, thereby exacerbating atherosclerosis. Notably, CUMS that is involved in decreasing the expression of HDL-associated proteins in adipose tissue may be a crucial link between adipose hypertrophy and advanced atherosclerosis. This study reveals a novel mechanism via which CUMS exacerbates atherosclerosis from the novel perspective of abnormal adipose function and identifies a novel potential therapeutic target for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yalan Deng
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gexin Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ruomei Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Gong
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yitian Xu
- Beijing Union University, Beijing, China
| | - Deping Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Beidong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
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Fan X, Yuan W, Huang W, Lin Z. Recent progress in leptin signaling from a structural perspective and its implications for diseases. Biochimie 2023; 212:60-75. [PMID: 37080418 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
As a multi-potency cytokine, leptin not only plays a crucial role in controlling weight and energy homeostasis but also participates in the metabolic balance in the human body. Leptin is a small helical protein with a molecular weight of 16 kDa. It can interact with multiple subtypes of its receptors to initiate intracellular signal transduction and exerts physiological effects. Disturbances in leptin signaling may lead to obesity and a variety of metabolic diseases. Leptin was also found to be a critical factor in many diseases of the elderly. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the structural and molecular mechanisms of leptin signaling through its receptors with the aim of a deeper understanding of leptin-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Wensu Yuan
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, PR China.
| | - Zhi Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, PR China.
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35
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Acosta FM, Pacelli S, Rathbone CR. Diabetes diminishes muscle precursor cell-mediated microvascular angiogenesis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289477. [PMID: 37540699 PMCID: PMC10403078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The skeletal muscles of Type II diabetic (T2D) patients can be characterized by a reduced vessel density, corresponding to deficiencies in microvascular angiogenesis. Interestingly, T2D also inhibits the function of many myogenic cells resident within skeletal muscle, including satellite cells, which are well-known for the role they play in maintaining homeostasis. The current study was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms whereby satellite cell progeny, muscle precursor cells (MPCs), influence microvascular angiogenesis. Network growth and the expression of genes associated with angiogenesis were reduced when microvessels were treated with conditioned media generated by proliferating MPCs isolated from diabetic, as compared to control rat skeletal muscle, a phenomenon that was also observed when myoblasts from control or diabetic human skeletal muscle were used. When only exosomes derived from diabetic or control MPCs were used to treat microvessels, no differences in microvascular growth were observed. An evaluation of the angiogenesis factors in control and diabetic MPCs revealed differences in Leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL1-β, interleukin 10, and IP-10, and an evaluation of the MPC secretome revealed differences in interleukin 6, MCP-1, VEGF, and interleukin 4 exist. Angiogenesis was also reduced in tissue-engineered skeletal muscles (TE-SkM) containing microvessels when they were generated from MPCs isolated from diabetic as compared to control skeletal muscle. Lastly, the secretome of injured control, but not diabetic, TE-SkM was able to increase VEGF and increase microvascular angiogenesis. This comprehensive analysis of the interaction between MPCs and microvessels in the context of diabetes points to an area for alleviating the deleterious effects of diabetes on skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca M. Acosta
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Settimio Pacelli
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Christopher R. Rathbone
- Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- UTSA-UTHSCSA Joint Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
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Cavallo FR, Toumazou C. Personalised lifestyle recommendations for type 2 diabetes: Design and simulation of a recommender system on UK Biobank Data. PLOS DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 2:e0000333. [PMID: 37647301 PMCID: PMC10468058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pdig.0000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Mobile health applications, which employ wireless technology for healthcare, can aid behaviour change and subsequently improve health outcomes. Mobile health applications have been developed to increase physical activity, but are rarely grounded on behavioural theory and employ simple techniques for personalisation, which has been proven effective in promoting behaviour change. In this work, we propose a theoretically driven and personalised behavioural intervention delivered through an adaptive knowledge-based system. The behavioural system design is guided by the Behavioural Change Wheel and the Capability-Opportunity-Motivation behavioural model. The system exploits the ever-increasing availability of health data from wearable devices, point-of-care tests and consumer genetic tests to issue highly personalised physical activity and sedentary behaviour recommendations. To provide the personalised recommendations, the system firstly classifies the user into one of four diabetes clusters based on their cardiometabolic profile. Secondly, it recommends activity levels based on their genotype and past activity history, and finally, it presents the user with their current risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In addition, leptin, a hormone involved in metabolism, is included as a feedback biosignal to personalise the recommendations further. As a case study, we designed and demonstrated the system on people with type 2 diabetes, since it is a chronic condition often managed through lifestyle changes, such as physical activity increase and sedentary behaviour reduction. We trained and simulated the system using data from diabetic participants of the UK Biobank, a large-scale clinical database, and demonstrate that the system could help increase activity over time. These results warrant a real-life implementation of the system, which we aim to evaluate through human intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Romana Cavallo
- Centre for Bio-inspired Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christofer Toumazou
- Centre for Bio-inspired Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Kusters CDJ, Paul KC, Lu AT, Ferrucci L, Ritz BR, Binder AM, Horvath S. Higher testosterone and testosterone/estradiol ratio in men are associated with better epigenetic estimators of mortality risk. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.16.23285997. [PMID: 36865294 PMCID: PMC9980235 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.16.23285997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Sex hormones are hypothesized to drive sex-specific health disparities. Here, we study the association between sex steroid hormones and DNA methylation-based (DNAm) biomarkers of age and mortality risk including Pheno Age Acceleration (AA), Grim AA, and DNAm-based estimators of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI1), and leptin concentrations. Methods We pooled data from three population-based cohorts, the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort (FHS), the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), and the InCHIANTI Study, including 1,062 postmenopausal women without hormone therapy and 1,612 men of European descent. Sex hormone concentrations were standardized with mean 0 and standard deviation of 1, for each study and sex separately. Sex-stratified analyses using a linear mixed regression were performed, with a Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) adjustment for multiple testing. Sensitivity analysis was performed excluding the previously used training-set for the development of Pheno and Grim age. Results Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (SHBG) is associated with a decrease in DNAm PAI1 among men (per 1 standard deviation (SD): -478 pg/mL; 95%CI: -614 to -343; P:1e-11; BH-P: 1e-10), and women (-434 pg/mL; 95%CI: -589 to -279; P:1e-7; BH-P:2e-6). The testosterone/estradiol (TE) ratio was associated with a decrease in Pheno AA (-0.41 years; 95%CI: -0.70 to -0.12; P:0.01; BH-P: 0.04), and DNAm PAI1 (-351 pg/mL; 95%CI: -486 to -217; P:4e-7; BH-P:3e-6) among men. In men, 1 SD increase in total testosterone was associated with a decrease in DNAm PAI1 (-481 pg/mL; 95%CI: -613 to -349; P:2e-12; BH-P:6e-11). Conclusion SHBG was associated with lower DNAm PAI1 among men and women. Higher testosterone and testosterone/estradiol ratio were associated with lower DNAm PAI and a younger epigenetic age in men. A decrease in DNAm PAI1 is associated with lower mortality and morbidity risk indicating a potential protective effect of testosterone on lifespan and conceivably cardiovascular health via DNAm PAI1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia DJ Kusters
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ake T Lu
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Beate R Ritz
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Binder
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Steve Horvath
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Altos Labs, San Diego, USA
- Population Sciences in the Pacific Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Bocian-Jastrzębska A, Malczewska-Herman A, Rosiek V, Kos-Kudła B. Assessment of the Role of Leptin and Adiponectinas Biomarkers in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3517. [PMID: 37444627 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on the possible connection between circulating adipokines and PanNENs are limited. This novel study aimed to assess the serum levels of leptin and adiponectin and their ratio in patients with PanNENs and to evaluate the possible relationship between them and PanNEN's grade or stage, including the presence of metastases. The study group consisted of PanNENs (n = 83), and healthy controls (n = 39). Leptin and adiponectin measurement by an ELISA assay was undertaken in the entire cohort. The serum concentration of adiponectin was significantly higher in the control group compared to the study group (p < 0.001). The concentration of leptin and adiponectin was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.01). Anincreased leptin-adiponectin ratio was observed in well-differentiated PanNENs (G1) vs. moderatelydifferentiated PanNENs (G2) (p < 0.05). An increased leptin-adiponectin ratio was found in PanNENs with Ki-67 < 3% vs. Ki-67 ≥ 3% (p < 0.05). PanNENs with distal disease presented lower leptin levels (p < 0.001) and a decreased leptin-adiponectin ratio (p < 0.01) compared with the localized disease group. Leptin, adiponectin, and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may serve as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for PanNENs. Leptin levels and the leptin-adiponectin ratio may play an important role as predictors of malignancy and metastasis in PanNENs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Bocian-Jastrzębska
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Malczewska-Herman
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Violetta Rosiek
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
| | - Beata Kos-Kudła
- Department of Endocrinology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, Department of Pathophysiology and Endocrinogy, Medical University of Silesia, 40-514 Katowice, Poland
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Yang W, Jin C, Wang H, Lai Y, Li J, Shan Z. Subclinical hypothyroidism increases insulin resistance in normoglycemic people. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1106968. [PMID: 37484968 PMCID: PMC10358968 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1106968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of simple subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with SCH on insulin resistance. Design and methods A total of 622 people with newly diagnosed T2DM were selected as the study subjects, and 621 normoglycemic people were selected as control subjects. According to the diagnostic criteria of thyroid diseases, the subjects were divided into a normal thyroid function group and a subclinical hypothyroidism group. Both groups received a physical examination, and blood samples were collected. The measurement indexes included FPG, FINS, OGTT2hPG, OGTT2hINS, HbA1c, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TSH, FT3 and FT4. HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and TFQI (thyroid feedback quantile index) were calculated. Results There was no significant difference in age or sex distribution between the T2DM group and the normoglycemic group (P>0.05). The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in the T2DM group was significantly higher than that in the normoglycemic group (16.39% vs. 11.27%, P<0.05), and among the different types of thyroid dysfunction, the prevalence of SCH was the highest at 14.95% (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in BMI, waist-hip ratio, blood lipid profile, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR values between the T2DM with subclinical hypothyroidism group (T2DM+SCH+ group) and the normal thyroid function group (T2DM+SCH- group) (P>0.05). The BMI, waist-hip ratio and HOMA-IR values of the normoglycemic group with subclinical hypothyroidism (T2DM-SCH+ group) were significantly higher than those of the normoglycemic group with normal thyroid function (T2DM-SCH- group) (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences between the T2DM+SCH- and T2DM+SCH+ groups (P>0.05). HOMA-β values were significantly higher in the T2DM-SCH+ group than in the T2DM-SCH-, T2DM+SCH- and T2DM+SCH+ groups (P<0.05). As the TFQI value increased, the body weight, waist-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure, FPG, OGTT2hPG and HbA1c values gradually increased in the T2DM group and normoglycemic group (P<0.05). HDL-C, FINS, OGTT2hINS and HOMA-β values gradually decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Subclinical hypothyroidism only increases insulin resistance in normoglycemic people. As the sensitivity of the central thyroid decreases, the risk of developing diabetes increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Yang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chenye Jin
- Department of Rheumatology Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yaxin Lai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiashu Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhongyan Shan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism and The Institute of Endocrinology, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Fularski P, Krzemińska J, Lewandowska N, Młynarska E, Saar M, Wronka M, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Statins in Chronic Kidney Disease-Effects on Atherosclerosis and Cellular Senescence. Cells 2023; 12:1679. [PMID: 37443712 PMCID: PMC10340582 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem that can affect various systems in the human body. Renal failure promotes mechanisms of premature cellular aging and also features of generalized inflammation in the body, which translates into a close relationship between kidney dysfunction and cardiovascular disease (CVD). As kidney function deteriorates, cardiovascular risk and mortality increase in this group of patients. Oxidative stress and inflammation are two closely related processes that initiate a vicious cycle by activating each other. Together with aging, they represent the key factors that cause and exacerbate CVD in CKD. Patients with CKD are particularly vulnerable to the accumulation of aging endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle and macrophages, increasing the risk of atherosclerosis. Several mechanisms are known that can lead to the progression of the aforementioned problems, such as the accumulation of uremic toxins, persistent inflammation, impaired lipid and electrolyte metabolism, nitric oxide (NO) deficiency, the increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and mitochondria. According to research, we can distinguish a group of drugs that effectively counteract the negative effects of CKD-statins. This is a group of drugs that inhibit 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme-A (HMG-CoA) reductase and affect a number of cellular processes and pathways, resulting in the overall slowing of atherosclerosis and cellular aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Julia Krzemińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Natalia Lewandowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Maciej Saar
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Magdalena Wronka
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland; (P.F.); (J.K.); (N.L.); (M.S.); (M.W.); (B.F.)
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Montes-de-Oca-García A, Perez-Bey A, Corral-Pérez J, Marín-Galindo A, Calderon-Dominguez M, Velázquez-Díaz D, Casals C, Ponce-Gonzalez JG. Influence of Gender on Plasma Leptin Levels, Fat Oxidation, and Insulin Sensitivity in Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Fitness and Fatness. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112628. [PMID: 37299591 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
It is unknown how plasma leptin affects fat oxidation depending on sex in young adults. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations of plasma leptin with resting fat oxidation (RFO), maximal fat oxidation during exercise (MFO), and insulin sensitivity, considering the different responses in men and women, and the mediating role of fatness and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Sixty-five young adults (22.5 ± 4.3 years; body mass index = 25.2 ± 4.7 kg·m-2, 23 females) participated in this study. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and leptin were analyzed. Variables related to insulin resistance (HOMA1-IR, HOMA2-IR), secretion (HOMA-%β), and sensitivity (HOMA-%S, QUICKI) were computed. RFO and MFO were determined through indirect calorimetry. A peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) test was performed until exhaustion after the MFO test. The MFO was relativized to body mass (MFO-BM) and the legs' lean mass divided by the height squared (MFO-LI). In men, leptin was negatively associated with MFO-BM and positively with HOMA-%β (p ≤ 0.02 in both). In women, leptin was positively associated with RFO and QUICKI, and negatively with MFO-BM (p < 0.05 in all). The association between leptin and MFO was mediated by CRF (p < 0.05), but not by fat mass (p > 0.05). Plasma leptin is associated with fat oxidation and insulin secretion/sensitivity, with different responses within each sex. The association between leptin and fat oxidation is mediated by cardiorespiratory fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Montes-de-Oca-García
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alejandro Perez-Bey
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Juan Corral-Pérez
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Alberto Marín-Galindo
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Maria Calderon-Dominguez
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Biomedicine, Biotechnology and Public Health Department, University of Cadiz, 11002 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Daniel Velázquez-Díaz
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
- Advent Health Research Institute, Neuroscience Institute, Orlando, FL 32803, USA
| | - Cristina Casals
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Jesus G Ponce-Gonzalez
- ExPhy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cadiz, 11519 Cadiz, Spain
- Unidad de Investigación, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
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Lindovsky J, Nichtova Z, Dragano NRV, Pajuelo Reguera D, Prochazka J, Fuchs H, Marschall S, Gailus-Durner V, Sedlacek R, Hrabě de Angelis M, Rozman J, Spielmann N. A review of standardized high-throughput cardiovascular phenotyping with a link to metabolism in mice. Mamm Genome 2023; 34:107-122. [PMID: 37326672 PMCID: PMC10290615 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-023-09997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases cause a high mortality rate worldwide and represent a major burden for health care systems. Experimental rodent models play a central role in cardiovascular disease research by effectively simulating human cardiovascular diseases. Using mice, the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium (IMPC) aims to target each protein-coding gene and phenotype multiple organ systems in single-gene knockout models by a global network of mouse clinics. In this review, we summarize the current advances of the IMPC in cardiac research and describe in detail the diagnostic requirements of high-throughput electrocardiography and transthoracic echocardiography capable of detecting cardiac arrhythmias and cardiomyopathies in mice. Beyond that, we are linking metabolism to the heart and describing phenotypes that emerge in a set of known genes, when knocked out in mice, such as the leptin receptor (Lepr), leptin (Lep), and Bardet-Biedl syndrome 5 (Bbs5). Furthermore, we are presenting not yet associated loss-of-function genes affecting both, metabolism and the cardiovascular system, such as the RING finger protein 10 (Rfn10), F-box protein 38 (Fbxo38), and Dipeptidyl peptidase 8 (Dpp8). These extensive high-throughput data from IMPC mice provide a promising opportunity to explore genetics causing metabolic heart disease with an important translational approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Lindovsky
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Nichtova
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Nathalia R. V. Dragano
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - David Pajuelo Reguera
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Helmut Fuchs
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susan Marschall
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie Gailus-Durner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Hrabě de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Rozman
- Czech Centre for Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Nadine Spielmann
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Clemente-Suárez VJ, Redondo-Flórez L, Beltrán-Velasco AI, Martín-Rodríguez A, Martínez-Guardado I, Navarro-Jiménez E, Laborde-Cárdenas CC, Tornero-Aguilera JF. The Role of Adipokines in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11051290. [PMID: 37238961 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipokines are cell-signaling proteins secreted by adipose tissue that has been related to a low-grade state of inflammation and different pathologies. The present review aims to analyze the role of adipokines in health and disease in order to understand the important functions and effects of these cytokines. For this aim, the present review delves into the type of adipocytes and the cytokines produced, as well as their functions; the relations of adipokines in inflammation and different diseases such as cardiovascular, atherosclerosis, mental diseases, metabolic disorders, cancer, and eating behaviors; and finally, the role of microbiota, nutrition, and physical activity in adipokines is discussed. This information would allow for a better understanding of these important cytokines and their effects on body organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Redondo-Flórez
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, C/Tajo s/n, 28670 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Beltrán-Velasco
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ismael Martínez-Guardado
- BRABE Group, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, University of Nebrija, C/del Hostal, 28248 Madrid, Spain
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Schwarz A, Kinscherf R, Bonaterra GA. Role of the Stress- and Inflammation-Induced Cytokine GDF-15 in Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Relevance. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:81. [PMID: 39077481 PMCID: PMC11264000 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2403081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress- and inflammation-induced growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is proposed as a biomarker for mortality and disease progression in patients with atherosclerosis and/or cardiovascular disease (CVD). The development of atherosclerotic lesions depends, among other factors, on inflammatory processes, oxidative stress, and impaired lipid homeostasis. As a consequence, activation and dysfunction of endothelial cells, release of chemokines, growth factors and lipid mediators occur. GDF-15 is suggested as an acute-phase modifier of transforming growth factor (TGF)-ßRII-dependent pro-inflammatory responses leading to rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, although the exact biological function is poorly understood to date. GDF-15 is upregulated in many disease processes, and its effects may be highly context-dependent. To date, it is unclear whether the upregulation of GDF-15 leads to disease progression or provides protection against disease. Concerning CVD, cardiomyocytes are already known to produce and release GDF-15 in response to angiotensin II stimulation, ischemia, and mechanical stretch. Cardiomyocytes, macrophages, vascular smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, and adipocytes also release GDF-15 in response to oxidative as well as metabolic stress or stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Given the critically discussed pathophysiological and cellular functions and the important clinical significance of GDF-15 as a biomarker in CVD, we have summarized here the basic research findings on different cell types. In the context of cellular stress and inflammation, we further elucidated the signaling pathway of GDF-15 in coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common CVD in developing and industrial nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schwarz
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel A. Bonaterra
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Philipps-University of Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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Kreissl FK, Banki MA, Droujinine IA. Molecular methods to study protein trafficking between organs. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2100331. [PMID: 36478633 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interorgan communication networks are key regulators of organismal homeostasis, and their dysregulation is associated with a variety of pathologies. While mass spectrometry proteomics identifies circulating proteins and can correlate their abundance with disease phenotypes, the tissues of origin and destinations of these secreted proteins remain largely unknown. In vitro approaches to study protein secretion are valuable, however, they may not mimic the complexity of in vivo environments. More recently, the development of engineered promiscuous BirA* biotin ligase derivatives has enabled tissue-specific tagging of cellular secreted proteomes in vivo. The use of biotin as a molecular tag provides information on the tissue of origin and destination, and enables the enrichment of low-abundance hormone proteins. Therefore, promiscuous protein biotinylation is a valuable tool to study protein secretion in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix K Kreissl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Michael A Banki
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ilia A Droujinine
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California, USA
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Bays HE, Bindlish S, Clayton TL. Obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cardiometabolic risk: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2023. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 5:100056. [PMID: 37990743 PMCID: PMC10661981 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2023.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is intended to provide clinicians an overview of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), an obesity-related cardiometabolic risk factor. Methods The scientific support for this CPS is based upon published citations and clinical perspectives of OMA authors. Results Topics include T2DM and obesity as cardiometabolic risk factors, definitions of obesity and adiposopathy, and mechanisms for how obesity causes insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Adipose tissue is an active immune and endocrine organ, whose adiposopathic obesity-mediated dysfunction contributes to metabolic abnormalities often encountered in clinical practice, including hyperglycemia (e.g., pre-diabetes mellitus and T2DM). The determination as to whether adiposopathy ultimately leads to clinical metabolic disease depends on crosstalk interactions and biometabolic responses of non-adipose tissue organs such as liver, muscle, pancreas, kidney, and brain. Conclusions This review is intended to assist clinicians in the care of patients with the disease of obesity and T2DM. This CPS provides a simplified overview of how obesity may cause insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and T2DM. It also provides an algorithmic approach towards treatment of a patient with obesity and T2DM, with "treat obesity first" as a priority. Finally, treatment of obesity and T2DM might best focus upon therapies that not only improve the weight of patients, but also improve the health outcomes of patients (e.g., cardiovascular disease and cancer).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold Edward Bays
- Louisville Metabolic and Atherosclerosis Research Center, University of Louisville School of Medicine, 3288 Illinois Avenue, Louisville, KY, 40213, USA
| | - Shagun Bindlish
- Diabetology, One Medical, Adjunct Faculty Touro University, CA, USA
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Clinical Study of Metabolic Parameters, Leptin and the SGLT2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin among Patients with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054405. [PMID: 36901837 PMCID: PMC10002958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is associated with many diseases and abnormalities, most importantly, type 2 diabetes. The visceral adipose tissue produces an immense variety of adipokines. Leptin is the first identified adipokine which plays a crucial role in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. Sodium glucose co-transport 2 inhibitors are potent antihyperglycemic drugs with various beneficial systemic effects. We aimed to investigate the metabolic state and leptin level among patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the effect of empagliflozin upon these parameters. We recruited 102 patients into our clinical study, then we performed anthropometric, laboratory, and immunoassay tests. Body mass index, body fat, visceral fat, urea nitrogen, creatinine, and leptin levels were significantly lower in the empagliflozin treated group when compared to obese and diabetic patients receiving conventional antidiabetic treatments. Interestingly, leptin was increased not only among obese patients but in type 2 diabetic patients as well. Body mass index, body fat, and visceral fat percentages were lower, and renal function was preserved in patients receiving empagliflozin treatment. In addition to the known beneficial effects of empagliflozin regarding the cardio-metabolic and renal systems, it may also influence leptin resistance.
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Xie C, Gao W, Li X, Luo S, Wu D, Chye FY. Garlic (Allium sativum L.) polysaccharide ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) via the regulation of hepatic glycogen metabolism. NFS JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nfs.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Ezzati A, Rosenkranz SK, Phelan J, Logan C. The Effects of Isocaloric Intermittent Fasting vs Daily Caloric Restriction on Weight Loss and Metabolic Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled or Comparative Trials. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:318-329.e1. [PMID: 36126910 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained favor as an alternative regimen to daily caloric restriction (DCR). Therefore, there is a need for systematic reviews of randomized controlled/comparison trials examining the effects of isocaloric IF vs DCR on metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases. OBJECTIVE To systematically investigate the effects of isocaloric IF vs DCR on metabolic risk factors for noncommunicable chronic diseases in adults with overweight and obesity. METHODS Five online databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar) were searched for articles published from January 2000 through April 2022. The updated Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment tool for randomized controlled/comparison trials was used to assess risk of bias in the included studies. This review includes randomized controlled/comparison trials with matched energy intakes (isocaloric) between IF and DCR among adults with overweight and obesity with ≥8-week durations, that assessed risk factors related to obesity and for diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers. RESULTS Thirteen randomized controlled/comparison trials with matched energy intakes (isocaloric) between IF and DCR were identified. The effects of IF on weight loss and metabolic risk markers of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers were varied but generally comparable with DCR. IF (4:3 and 5:2 diets) was superior to DCR for improving insulin sensitivity in two studies. Reductions in body fat were significantly greater with IF (5:2 diet and time-restricted eating) than DCR in two studies of isocaloric diets. CONCLUSIONS With matched energy intakes, IF interventions produced similar beneficial effects for weight loss and chronic disease risk factors compared with DCR. Very limited evidence suggests that IF may be more effective vs DCR for fat loss and insulin sensitivity, but conclusions cannot be drawn based on the current evidence. Future clinical studies with larger populations and longer durations are needed for further elucidation of any potential effects of IF regimens for prevention of noncommunicable chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Ezzati
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Sara K Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada.
| | - Jessica Phelan
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics, and Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; Physical Activity and Nutrition Clinical Research Consortium, College of Health and Human Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Cindy Logan
- Academic Services, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
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Ofori EK, Adekena CN, Boima V, Asare‐Anane H, Yorke E, Nyarko ENY, Mohammed BN, Quansah E, Jayasinghe SU, Amanquah SD. Serum leptin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease and hypertensive heart disease: An observational cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1053. [PMID: 36698704 PMCID: PMC9851162 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Adipocytes secrete a peptide hormone called leptin, which plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and energy expenditure. Alterations in leptin concentrations are associated with CKD-related cardiovascular problems such as hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Despite the link, data on the precise function of leptin in people with CKD and HHD is scant. Methods An observational cross-sectional study involving a total of 108 participants (72 CKD patients with HHD and 36 healthy controls). Their demographic and anthropometric information was collected using a standardized questionnaire. Certain clinical measures such as blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) were assessed. Fasting blood samples were analyzed for levels of plasma glucose (FPG), lipids, creatinine, and leptin. Data were analyzed with SPSS v23. Results Leptin, FPG, creatinine and triglyceride levels were all significantly higher in CKD patients with HHD compared to controls (p < 0.01 for all). Furthermore, advanced CKD status (being in stage 5), having a 6-year diagnosis of HHD, being female, having a higher BMI, and elevation in levels of HDL and FPG contributed significantly to the variance in serum leptin levels in the case group (β = 0.37, 0.22, 0.19, 0.18, 0.27, 0.28; p < 0.05 for all). In the control group, the female gender had the biggest unique effect on circulating leptin levels, followed by BMI and eGFR (β = 0.71, 0.34, -0.22; p < 0.01 for all). Conclusion Patients with CKD who also had HHD reported considerably higher circulating leptin levels. Significantly higher blood leptin levels were shown to be associated with CKD stage 5 in the case group. These results are consistent with the role of leptin in the metabolic complexity seen in CKD patients. There needs to be more research into treatments that aim to lower leptin levels in CKD patients with HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel K. Ofori
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Christian N. Adekena
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana,University of Ghana Medical CenterAccraGhana
| | - Vincent Boima
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Henry Asare‐Anane
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Ernest Yorke
- Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Eric N. Y. Nyarko
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | - Bismark N. Mohammed
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
| | | | | | - Seth D. Amanquah
- Department of Chemical PathologyUniversity of Ghana Medical SchoolAccraGhana
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