1
|
Lerner A, Benzvi C, Vojdani A. Cross-reactivity and sequence similarity between microbial transglutaminase and human tissue antigens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17526. [PMID: 37845267 PMCID: PMC10579360 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44452-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a bacterial survival factor, frequently used as a food additive to glue processed nutrients. As a result, new immunogenic epitopes are generated that might drive autoimmunity. Presently, its contribution to autoimmunity through epitope similarity and cross-reactivity was investigated. Emboss Matcher was used to perform sequence alignment between mTG and various antigens implicated in many autoimmune diseases. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies made specifically against mTG were applied to 77 different human tissue antigens using ELISA. Six antigens were detected to share significant homology with mTG immunogenic sequences, representing major targets of common autoimmune conditions. Polyclonal antibody to mTG reacted significantly with 17 out of 77 tissue antigens. This reaction was most pronounced with mitochondrial M2, ANA, and extractable nuclear antigens. The results indicate that sequence similarity and cross-reactivity between mTG and various tissue antigens are possible, supporting the relationship between mTG and the development of autoimmune disorders 150W.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Lerner
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
- Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.
| | - Carina Benzvi
- Chaim Sheba Medical Center, The Zabludowicz Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
San-Millán I. The Key Role of Mitochondrial Function in Health and Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040782. [PMID: 37107158 PMCID: PMC10135185 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of mitochondrial function in health and disease has become increasingly recognized, particularly in the last two decades. Mitochondrial dysfunction as well as disruptions of cellular bioenergetics have been shown to be ubiquitous in some of the most prevalent diseases in our society, such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, cancer, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the etiology and pathogenesis of mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases have yet to be elucidated, making it one of the most significant medical challenges in our history. However, the rapid advances in our knowledge of cellular metabolism coupled with the novel understanding at the molecular and genetic levels show tremendous promise to one day elucidate the mysteries of this ancient organelle in order to treat it therapeutically when needed. Mitochondrial DNA mutations, infections, aging, and a lack of physical activity have been identified to be major players in mitochondrial dysfunction in multiple diseases. This review examines the complexities of mitochondrial function, whose ancient incorporation into eukaryotic cells for energy purposes was key for the survival and creation of new species. Among these complexities, the tightly intertwined bioenergetics derived from the combustion of alimentary substrates and oxygen are necessary for cellular homeostasis, including the production of reactive oxygen species. This review discusses different etiological mechanisms by which mitochondria could become dysregulated, determining the fate of multiple tissues and organs and being a protagonist in the pathogenesis of many non-communicable diseases. Finally, physical activity is a canonical evolutionary characteristic of humans that remains embedded in our genes. The normalization of a lack of physical activity in our modern society has led to the perception that exercise is an "intervention". However, physical activity remains the modus vivendi engrained in our genes and being sedentary has been the real intervention and collateral effect of modern societies. It is well known that a lack of physical activity leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and, hence, it probably becomes a major etiological factor of many non-communicable diseases affecting modern societies. Since physical activity remains the only stimulus we know that can improve and maintain mitochondrial function, a significant emphasis on exercise promotion should be imperative in order to prevent multiple diseases. Finally, in populations with chronic diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is involved, an individualized exercise prescription should be crucial for the "metabolic rehabilitation" of many patients. From lessons learned from elite athletes (the perfect human machines), it is possible to translate and apply multiple concepts to the betterment of populations with chronic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iñigo San-Millán
- Department of Human Physiology and Nutrition, University of Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80198, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu D, Xu N, Sun L, Yang Z, He M, Li Y. TG2 as a novel breast cancer prognostic marker promotes cell proliferation and glycolysis by activating the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:1267. [PMID: 36471278 PMCID: PMC9724448 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. Tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been reported as a major player across several types of cancer. However, the effects of TG2 in breast cancer are less known. METHODS The expression of TG2 in patients with BC was detected by immunochemistry staining and RT-qPCR. The correlation of TG2 expression and clinicopathological factors or overall survival (OS) was analyzed by Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox-regression analysis. The effects of TG2 on cell proliferation and glycolysis were investigated in vivo and in vitro by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. RESULT Both mRNA and protein levels of TG2 were overexpressed in BC tissues and cultured cells. Clinical stage (p = 0.011), molecular subtype (p<0.001) and survival status (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with TG2 expression. Specifically, TG2 expression was positively associated with the clinical stage (r = 0.193, p = 0.005) and OS (r = 0.230, p = 0.001), while negatively associated with molecular subtype (r = - 0.161, p = 0.020). Overexpressed TG2 was a prognostic factor of poor OS by Cox-regression analysis. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments indicated that cell proliferation and glycolysis were regulated by TG2 via the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway. TG2-induced activation of the MEK/ERK/LDH pathway and glycolysis were attenuated by MEK inhibitor U0126. CONCLUSION TG2 is overexpressed in BC, which can serve as an independent prognostic factor for OS. TG2 promotes tumor cell proliferation and increases glycolysis associated with the activation of the MEK/ERK/LHD pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dahai Xu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
| | - Ning Xu
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
| | - Liang Sun
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Zhaoying Yang
- grid.415954.80000 0004 1771 3349Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033 Jilin China
| | - Miao He
- grid.452829.00000000417660726Department of Anesthesia, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, 218 Ziqiang Street, Changchun, Jilin 130022 P. R. China
| | - Youjun Li
- grid.64924.3d0000 0004 1760 5735Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun, Jilin 130021 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lénárt K, Bankó C, Ujlaki G, Póliska S, Kis G, Csősz É, Antal M, Bacso Z, Bai P, Fésüs L, Mádi A. Tissue Transglutaminase Knock-Out Preadipocytes and Beige Cells of Epididymal Fat Origin Possess Decreased Mitochondrial Functions Required for Thermogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095175. [PMID: 35563567 PMCID: PMC9105016 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes with thermogenic function are activated during cold exposure in white adipose tissue through the process of browning. These cells, similar to brown adipocytes, dissipate stored chemical energy in the form of heat with the help of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Recently, we have shown that tissue transglutaminase (TG2) knock-out mice have decreased cold tolerance in parallel with lower utilization of their epididymal adipose tissue and reduced browning. To learn more about the thermogenic function of this fat depot, we isolated preadipocytes from the epididymal adipose tissue of wild-type and TG2 knock-out mice and differentiated them in the beige direction. Although differentiation of TG2 knock-out preadipocytes is phenotypically similar to the wild-type cells, the mitochondria of the knock-out beige cells have multiple impairments including an altered electron transport system generating lower electrochemical potential difference, reduced oxygen consumption, lower UCP1 protein content, and a higher portion of fragmented mitochondria. Most of these differences are present in preadipocytes as well, and the differentiation process cannot overcome the functional disadvantages completely. TG2 knock-out beige adipocytes produce more iodothyronine deiodinase 3 (DIO3) which may inactivate thyroid hormones required for the establishment of optimal mitochondrial function. The TG2 knock-out preadipocytes and beige cells are both hypometabolic as compared with the wild-type controls which may also be explained by the lower expression of solute carrier proteins SLC25A45, SLC25A47, and SLC25A42 which transport acylcarnitine, Co-A, and amino acids into the mitochondrial matrix. As a consequence, the mitochondria in TG2 knock-out beige adipocytes probably cannot reach the energy-producing threshold required for normal thermogenic functions, which may contribute to the decreased cold tolerance of TG2 knock-out mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Lénárt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Bankó
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (P.B.)
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Gréta Kis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Éva Csősz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
| | - Miklós Antal
- Department of Anatomy, Histology Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.K.); (M.A.)
| | - Zsolt Bacso
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Péter Bai
- NKFIH-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (G.U.); (P.B.)
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Fésüs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
| | - András Mádi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem ter 1., H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (K.L.); (S.P.); (É.C.); (L.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-52-416-432; Fax: +36-52-314-989
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee WS, Al-Ramahi I, Jeong HH, Jang Y, Lin T, Adamski CJ, Lavery LA, Rath S, Richman R, Bondar VV, Alcala E, Revelli JP, Orr HT, Liu Z, Botas J, Zoghbi HY. Cross-species genetic screens identify transglutaminase 5 as a regulator of polyglutamine-expanded ataxin-1. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:e156616. [PMID: 35499073 PMCID: PMC9057624 DOI: 10.1172/jci156616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neurodegenerative disorders are caused by abnormal accumulation of misfolded proteins. In spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), accumulation of polyglutamine-expanded (polyQ-expanded) ataxin-1 (ATXN1) causes neuronal toxicity. Lowering total ATXN1, especially the polyQ-expanded form, alleviates disease phenotypes in mice, but the molecular mechanism by which the mutant ATXN1 is specifically modulated is not understood. Here, we identified 22 mutant ATXN1 regulators by performing a cross-species screen of 7787 and 2144 genes in human cells and Drosophila eyes, respectively. Among them, transglutaminase 5 (TG5) preferentially regulated mutant ATXN1 over the WT protein. TG enzymes catalyzed cross-linking of ATXN1 in a polyQ-length-dependent manner, thereby preferentially modulating mutant ATXN1 stability and oligomerization. Perturbing Tg in Drosophila SCA1 models modulated mutant ATXN1 toxicity. Moreover, TG5 was enriched in the nuclei of SCA1-affected neurons and colocalized with nuclear ATXN1 inclusions in brain tissue from patients with SCA1. Our work provides a molecular insight into SCA1 pathogenesis and an opportunity for allele-specific targeting for neurodegenerative disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seok Lee
- Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Science Program, and
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ismael Al-Ramahi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyun-Hwan Jeong
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, and
| | - Youjin Jang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Lin
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carolyn J. Adamski
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Laura A. Lavery
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Smruti Rath
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ronald Richman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Vitaliy V. Bondar
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth Alcala
- Exceptional Research Opportunities Program, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Revelli
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Harry T. Orr
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Zhandong Liu
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, and
| | - Juan Botas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Huda Y. Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics-Neurology, and
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Erustes AG, Guarache GC, Guedes EDC, Leão AHFF, Pereira GJDS, Smaili SS. α-Synuclein Interactions in Mitochondria-ER Contacts: A Possible Role in Parkinson's Disease. CONTACT (THOUSAND OAKS (VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.)) 2022; 5:25152564221119347. [PMID: 37366506 PMCID: PMC10243560 DOI: 10.1177/25152564221119347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites regulate various biological processes, such as mitochondrial dynamics, calcium homeostasis, autophagy and lipid metabolism. Notably, dysfunctions in these contact sites are closely related to neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, details about the role of endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites in neurodegenerative diseases remain unknown. In Parkinson's disease, interactions between α-synuclein in the contact sites and components of tether complexes that connect organelles can lead to various dysfunctions, especially with regards to calcium homeostasis. This review will summarize the main tether complexes present in endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria contact sites, and their roles in calcium homeostasis and trafficking. We will discuss the impact of α-synuclein accumulation, its interaction with tethering complex components and the implications in Parkinson's disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Garcia Erustes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cicolin Guarache
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika da Cruz Guedes
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Soraya Soubhi Smaili
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista
de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Takeshita LY, Davidsen PK, Herbert JM, Antczak P, Hesselink MKC, Schrauwen P, Weisnagel SJ, Robbins JM, Gerszten RE, Ghosh S, Sarzynski MA, Bouchard C, Falciani F. Genomics and transcriptomics landscapes associated to changes in insulin sensitivity in response to endurance exercise training. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23314. [PMID: 34857871 PMCID: PMC8639975 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98792-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite good adherence to supervised endurance exercise training (EET), some individuals experience no or little improvement in peripheral insulin sensitivity. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are currently not understood. By investigating genome-wide variants associated with baseline and exercise-induced changes (∆) in insulin sensitivity index (Si) in healthy volunteers, we have identified novel candidate genes whose mouse knockouts phenotypes were consistent with a causative effect on Si. An integrative analysis of functional genomic and transcriptomic profiles suggests genetic variants have an aggregate effect on baseline Si and ∆Si, focused around cholinergic signalling, including downstream calcium and chemokine signalling. The identification of calcium regulated MEF2A transcription factor as the most statistically significant candidate driving the transcriptional signature associated to ∆Si further strengthens the relevance of calcium signalling in EET mediated Si response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise Y. Takeshita
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Peter K. Davidsen
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - John M. Herbert
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK
| | - Philipp Antczak
- grid.10025.360000 0004 1936 8470Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB UK ,grid.411097.a0000 0000 8852 305XCenter for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthijs K. C. Hesselink
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- grid.5012.60000 0001 0481 6099Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - S. John Weisnagel
- grid.23856.3a0000 0004 1936 8390Diabetes Research Unit, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CRCHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada
| | - Jeremy M. Robbins
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Robert E. Gerszten
- grid.239395.70000 0000 9011 8547Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Cardiovascular Research Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- grid.428397.30000 0004 0385 0924Centre for Computational Biology and Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark A. Sarzynski
- grid.254567.70000 0000 9075 106XDepartment of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
| | - Claude Bouchard
- grid.250514.70000 0001 2159 6024Human Genomics Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA USA
| | - Francesco Falciani
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu J, Shao Y, Chen K, Zhang W, Li C. A transglutaminase 2-like gene from sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus mediates coelomocytes autophagy. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 119:602-612. [PMID: 34742899 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Transglutaminases (TGases) are widely known to play critical roles in innate immunity, in particular, TGase2, which involves in autophagy process to help degrade protein aggregates under stressful conditions in mammals. Nevertheless, the function of the TGase2 counterpart whether involves in invertebrate autophagy is largely unknown. In this study, a novel TGase2-like homologous gene from the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (named as AjTGase2-like) was cloned using RACE technology and its biological functions were also investigated. The AjTGase2-like gene encoded a peptide of 750 amino acids with the representative domains of Transglut_N domain, TGc domain, and two Transglut_C domains, which exhibited highly conservative with vertebrate TGase2. Multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis both supported that AjTGase2-like belonged to a new member of TGase2 subfamily. AjTGase2-like was pervasively expressed in all examined tissues, with the largest transcription in muscle, followed by respiratory trees, and intestine. After immersion infection with Vibrio splendidus, the mRNA and protein levels of AjTGase2-like were both significantly induced and reached the highest levels at 24 h, indicating AjTGase2-like plays a key role in immune response. Further functional analysis showed that the ubiquitinated protein level was significantly increased by 1.65-fold (p < 0.01) after silencing of AjTGase2-like, and the protein levels of AjLC3-II/I and AjBeclin1 were both obviously decreased by 0.49-fold (p < 0.01) and 0.64-fold (p < 0.01) at the same time, while the authophagy receptor of Ajp62 was signally up-regulated by 1.40-fold (p < 0.01) under same condition. Moreover, the immunofluorescence signals of AjLC3 and Ajp62 were consistent with their protein levels, suggesting knockdown of AjTGase2-like causes a blockage in autophagy. More importantly, the AjLC3 positive signal was not increased after adding with chloroquine in the case of AjTGase2-like interference, indicating AjTGase2-like might play pivotal role in the early step of autophagosome formation. Besides, our results showed that the fluorescence signal of AjTGase2-like was largely co-localized with Ajp62 around the cytoplasm in vivo, and rAjp62 could directly combine with rAjTGase2-like in vitro, indicating AjTGase2-like interacts with Ajp62 during autophagy. Overall, our findings supported that AjTGase2-like served as a positive regulator in sea cucumber authophay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Yina Shao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Kaiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tempest R, Guarnerio S, Maani R, Cooper J, Peake N. The Biological and Biomechanical Role of Transglutaminase-2 in the Tumour Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112788. [PMID: 34205140 PMCID: PMC8199963 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase-2 (TG2) is the most highly and ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase enzyme family and is primarily involved in protein cross-linking. TG2 has been implicated in the development and progression of numerous cancers, with a direct role in multiple cellular processes and pathways linked to apoptosis, chemoresistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and stem cell phenotype. The tumour microenvironment (TME) is critical in the formation, progression, and eventual metastasis of cancer, and increasing evidence points to a role for TG2 in matrix remodelling, modulation of biomechanical properties, cell adhesion, motility, and invasion. There is growing interest in targeting the TME therapeutically in response to advances in the understanding of its critical role in disease progression, and a number of approaches targeting biophysical properties and biomechanical signalling are beginning to show clinical promise. In this review we aim to highlight the wide array of processes in which TG2 influences the TME, focussing on its potential role in the dynamic tissue remodelling and biomechanical events increasingly linked to invasive and aggressive behaviour. Drug development efforts have yielded a range of TG2 inhibitors, and ongoing clinical trials may inform strategies for targeting the biomolecular and biomechanical function of TG2 in the TME.
Collapse
|
10
|
Letsiou E, Teixeira Alves LG, Fatykhova D, Felten M, Mitchell TJ, Müller-Redetzky HC, Hocke AC, Witzenrath M. Microvesicles released from pneumolysin-stimulated lung epithelial cells carry mitochondrial cargo and suppress neutrophil oxidative burst. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9529. [PMID: 33953279 PMCID: PMC8100145 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88897-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Microvesicles (MVs) are cell-derived extracellular vesicles that have emerged as markers and mediators of acute lung injury (ALI). One of the most common pathogens in pneumonia-induced ALI is Streptococcus pneumoniae (Spn), but the role of MVs during Spn lung infection is largely unknown. In the first line of defense against Spn and its major virulence factor, pneumolysin (PLY), are the alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). In this study, we aim to characterize MVs shed from PLY-stimulated AEC and explore their contribution in mediating crosstalk with neutrophils. Using in vitro cell and ex vivo (human lung tissue) models, we demonstrated that Spn in a PLY-dependent manner stimulates AEC to release increased numbers of MVs. Spn infected mice also had higher levels of epithelial-derived MVs in their alveolar compartment compared to control. Furthermore, MVs released from PLY-stimulated AEC contain mitochondrial content and can be taken up by neutrophils. These MVs then suppress the ability of neutrophils to produce reactive oxygen species, a critical host-defense mechanism. Taken together, our results demonstrate that AEC in response to pneumococcal PLY release MVs that carry mitochondrial cargo and suggest that these MVs regulate innate immune responses during lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Letsiou
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - L G Teixeira Alves
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Fatykhova
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Felten
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - T J Mitchell
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - H C Müller-Redetzky
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - A C Hocke
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| | - M Witzenrath
- Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, and Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research, (DZL), Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oliverio S, Beltran JSO, Occhigrossi L, Bordoni V, Agrati C, D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Borelli P, Amarante-Mendes GP, Demidov O, Barlev NA, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase Type 2 is Involved in the Hematopoietic Stem Cells Homeostasis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2021; 85:1159-1168. [PMID: 33202201 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional protein involved in various biological processes playing a key regulatory role in cell homeostasis such as cell death and autophagy. New evidence is emerging that support an important role of autophagy in regulating normal hematopoiesis. Prompted by these findings, in this study we investigated in vivo involvement of TG2 in mouse hematopoiesis under normal or nutrient deprivation conditions. We found that the number and rate of differentiation of bone marrow hematopoietic stem cell was decreased in the TG2 knockout mice. We present evidence showing that these effects on hematopoietic system are very likely due to the TG2-dependent impairment of autophagy. In fact, stimulation of autophagy by starvation is able to rescue the block of the differentiation of stem cells progenitors in the TG2 KO mice. It was also shown that the RhoA/ERK½ pathway, known to be essential for regulation of the bone marrow progenitor cells homeostasis, was significantly impaired in the absence of TG2. Hence, this study expanded our knowledge about TG2 discovering a role of this enzyme in regulation of hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Oliverio
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - J S O Beltran
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy.,Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - L Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - V Bordoni
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - C Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy
| | - M D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - F Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - P Borelli
- Clinical and Experimental Hematology Laboratory, Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G P Amarante-Mendes
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O Demidov
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - N A Barlev
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - M Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, 00133, Italy. .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases I. R. C. C. S. "Lazzaro Spallanzani" Rome, 00149, Italy.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wodtke R, Wodtke J, Hauser S, Laube M, Bauer D, Rothe R, Neuber C, Pietsch M, Kopka K, Pietzsch J, Löser R. Development of an 18F-Labeled Irreversible Inhibitor of Transglutaminase 2 as Radiometric Tool for Quantitative Expression Profiling in Cells and Tissues. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3462-3478. [PMID: 33705656 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The transamidase activity of transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is considered to be important for several pathophysiological processes including fibrotic and neoplastic tissue growth, whereas in healthy cells this enzymatic function is predominantly latent. Methods that enable the highly sensitive detection of TGase 2, such as application of radiolabeled activity-based probes, will support the exploration of the enzyme's function in various diseases. In this context, the radiosynthesis and detailed in vitro radiopharmacological evaluation of an 18F-labeled Nε-acryloyllysine piperazide are reported. Robust and facile detection of the radiotracer-TGase 2 complex by autoradiography of thin layer plates and polyacrylamide gels after chromatographic and electrophoretic separation owing to irreversible covalent bond formation was demonstrated for the isolated protein, cell lysates, and living cells. By use of this radiotracer, quantitative data on the expression profile of activatable TGase 2 in mouse organs and selected tumors were obtained for the first time by autoradiography of tissue sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wodtke
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Johanna Wodtke
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Laube
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - David Bauer
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Rebecca Rothe
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christin Neuber
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institut II für Pharmakologie, Zentrum für Pharmakologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universität zu Köln, Gleueler Straße 24, 50931 Köln, Germany
| | - Klaus Kopka
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Pietzsch
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Reik Löser
- Institut für Radiopharmazeutische Krebsforschung, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.,Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstraße 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gao QY, Zhang HF, Tao J, Chen ZT, Liu CY, Liu WH, Wu MX, Yin WY, Gao GH, Xie Y, Yang Y, Liu PM, Wang JF, Chen YX. Mitochondrial Fission and Mitophagy Reciprocally Orchestrate Cardiac Fibroblasts Activation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:629397. [PMID: 33585469 PMCID: PMC7874126 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.629397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondrial fission has been reported to increase proliferative capacity and collagen production, it can also contribute to mitochondrial impairment, which is detrimental to cell survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of mitochondrial fission in cardiac fibroblasts (CF) activation and explore the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial health under this condition. For this, changes in the levels of mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins were assessed in transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-activated CF, whereas the role of mitochondrial fission during this process was also elucidated, as were the underlying mechanisms. The interaction between mitochondrial fission and mitophagy, the main defense mechanism against mitochondrial impairment, was also explored. The results showed that the mitochondria in TGF-β1-treated CF were noticeably more fragmented than those of controls. The expression of several mitochondrial fission-related proteins was markedly upregulated, and the levels of fusion-related proteins were also altered, but to a lesser extent. Inhibiting mitochondrial fission resulted in a marked attenuation of TGF-β1-induced CF activation. The TGF-β1-induced increase in glycolysis was greatly suppressed in the presence of a mitochondrial inhibitor, whereas a glycolysis-specific antagonist exerted little additional antifibrotic effects. TGF-β1 treatment increased cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and triggered mitophagy, but this effect was reversed following the application of ROS scavengers. For the signals mediating mitophagy, the expression of Pink1, but not Bnip3l/Nix or Fundc1, exhibited the most significant changes, which could be counteracted by treatment with a mitochondrial fission inhibitor. Pink1 knockdown suppressed CF activation and mitochondrial fission, which was accompanied by increased CF apoptosis. In conclusion, mitochondrial fission resulted in increased glycolysis and played a crucial role in CF activation. Moreover, mitochondrial fission promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to mitophagy and the consequent degradation of the impaired mitochondria, thus promoting CF survival and maintaining their activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Teng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi-Yu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mao-Xiong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Yao Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guang-Hao Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin-Ming Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Feng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology and Arrhythmia in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neuronal and Endothelial Transglutaminase-2 Expression during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis and Multiple Sclerosis. Neuroscience 2020; 461:140-154. [PMID: 33253822 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Transglutiminase-2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and multiple sclerosis (MS) using global knockout mice and TG2 selective inhibitors. Previous studies have identified the expression of TG2 in subsets of macrophages-microglia and astrocytes after EAE. The aims of the current investigation were to examine neuronal expression of TG2 in rodent models of chronic-relapsing and non-relapsing EAE and through co-staining with intracellular and cell death markers, provide insight into the putative role of TG2 in neuronal pathology during disease progression. Here we report that under normal physiological conditions there is a low basal expression of TG2 in the nucleus of neurons, however following EAE or MS, robust induction of cytoplasmic TG2 occurs in most neurons surrounding perivascular lesion sites. Importantly, TG2-positive neurons also labeled for phosphorylated Extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the apoptotic marker cleaved caspase-3. In white and gray matter lesions, high levels of TG2 were also found within the vasculature and endothelial cells as well as in tissue migrating pericytes or fibroblasts, though rarely did TG2 colocalize with cells identified with glial cell markers (astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia). TG2 induction occurred concurrently with the upregulation of the blood vessel permeability factor and angiogenic molecule Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Extracellular TG2 was found to juxtapose with fibronectin, within and surrounding blood vessels. Though molecular and pharmacological studies have implicated TG2 in the induction and severity of EAE, the cell autonomous functions of this multifunctional enzyme during disease progression remains to be elucidated.
Collapse
|
15
|
Strappazzon F. A global view of the miRNA-mitophagy connexion. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 172:37-54. [PMID: 32620248 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamics organelles that provide the necessary energy for cellular functions. However, when they are dysfunctional, they can, by contrast, be very harmful for the cell. Mitophagy ensures their recycling and preserves cell performance. This mechanism is particularly important in neurons because they use a lot of energy. Failed mitophagy can thus affect the development of neurons and lead to brain problems. In this regard, a tight regulation of this process is needed. In recent years microRNAs, as regulators of several biological processes, have attracted attention in the field of mitophagy. In this review, we focused on the studies that highlight the miRNAs implicated in the regulation of mitophagic pathways. In particular, we described the first study carried out 7 years ago, in the context of mitophagy during erythroid differentiation. Next, we have cited all the other works to date on microRNAs and mitophagy regulation. Finally, we have underlined the importance of these discoveries in order to define new therapeutic approaches in the context of age-related diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunctions, such as cancers and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
|
16
|
Bhedi CD, Nasirova S, Toksoz D, Warburton RR, Morine KJ, Kapur NK, Galper JB, Preston IR, Hill NS, Fanburg BL, Penumatsa KC. Glycolysis regulated transglutaminase 2 activation in cardiopulmonary fibrogenic remodeling. FASEB J 2020; 34:930-944. [PMID: 31914588 PMCID: PMC6956703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902155r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and heart failure (HF) includes fibrogenic remodeling associated with the loss of pulmonary arterial (PA) and cardiac compliance. We and others have previously identified transglutaminase 2 (TG2) as a participant in adverse fibrogenic remodeling. However, little is known about the biologic mechanisms that regulate TG2 function. We examined physiological mouse models of experimental PH, HF, and type 1 diabetes that are associated with altered glucose metabolism/glycolysis and report here that TG2 expression and activity are elevated in pulmonary and cardiac tissues under all these conditions. We additionally used PA adventitial fibroblasts to test the hypothesis that TG2 is an intermediary between enhanced tissue glycolysis and fibrogenesis. Our in vitro results show that glycolytic enzymes and TG2 are upregulated in fibroblasts exposed to high glucose, which stimulates cellular glycolysis as measured by Seahorse analysis. We examined the relationship of TG2 to a terminal glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and found that PKM2 regulates glucose-induced TG2 expression and activity as well as fibrogenesis. Our studies further show that TG2 inhibition blocks glucose-induced fibrogenesis and cell proliferation. Our findings support a novel role for glycolysis-mediated TG2 induction and tissue fibrosis associated with experimental PH, HF, and hyperglycemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinmayee D. Bhedi
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sabina Nasirova
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deniz Toksoz
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rod R. Warburton
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Morine
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Navin K. Kapur
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonas B. Galper
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ioana R. Preston
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas S. Hill
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Barry L. Fanburg
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Krishna C. Penumatsa
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Occhigrossi L, Farrace MG, Faccenda D, Desai R, Marchi S, Refolo G, Falasca L, Antonioli M, Ciccosanti F, Fimia GM, Pinton P, Campanella M, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase Type 2 Regulates ER-Mitochondria Contact Sites by Interacting with GRP75. Cell Rep 2019; 25:3573-3581.e4. [PMID: 30590033 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.11.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that plays a key role in mitochondria homeostasis under stressful cellular conditions. TG2 interactome analysis reveals an enzyme interaction with GRP75 (glucose-regulated protein 75). GRP75 localizes in mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs) and acts as a bridging molecule between the two organelles by assembling the IP3R-GRP75-VDAC complex, which is involved in the transport of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to mitochondria. We demonstrate that the TG2 and GRP75 interaction occurs in MAMs. The absence of the TG2-GRP75 interaction leads to an increase of the interaction between IP3R-3 and GRP75; a decrease of the number of ER-mitochondria contact sites; an impairment of the ER-mitochondrial Ca2+ flux; and an altered profile of the MAM proteome. These findings indicate TG2 is a key regulatory element of the MAMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Danilo Faccenda
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Radha Desai
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44122, Italy
| | - Giulia Refolo
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Fabiola Ciccosanti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy; Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pathology, Oncology and Experimental Biology, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44122, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK; UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Rome 00133, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "L. Spallanzani," Rome 00149, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Transglutaminases, neuronal cell death and neural repair: implications for traumatic brain injury and therapeutics. Curr Opin Neurol 2019; 32:796-801. [DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
19
|
D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Fedorova O, Farrace MG, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase type 2 in the regulation of proteostasis. Biol Chem 2019; 400:125-140. [PMID: 29908126 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2018-0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of protein homeostasis (proteostasis) is a fundamental aspect of cell physiology that is essential for the survival of organisms under a variety of environmental and/or intracellular stress conditions. Acute and/or persistent stress exceeding the capacity of the intracellular homeostatic systems results in protein aggregation and/or damaged organelles that leads to pathological cellular states often resulting in cell death. These events are continuously suppressed by a complex macromolecular machinery that uses different intracellular pathways to maintain the proteome integrity in the various subcellular compartments ensuring a healthy cellular life span. Recent findings have highlighted the role of the multifunctional enzyme type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) as a key player in the regulation of intracellular pathways, such as autophagy/mitophagy, exosomes formation and chaperones function, which form the basis of proteostasis regulation under conditions of cellular stress. Here, we review the role of TG2 in these stress response pathways and how its various enzymatic activities might contributes to the proteostasis control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, 194064 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Grazia Farrace
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00133 Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S. 'Lazzaro Spallanzani', I-00149 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Young D, Pedre B, Ezeriņa D, De Smet B, Lewandowska A, Tossounian MA, Bodra N, Huang J, Astolfi Rosado L, Van Breusegem F, Messens J. Protein Promiscuity in H 2O 2 Signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:1285-1324. [PMID: 29635930 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Decrypting the cellular response to oxidative stress relies on a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling pathways stimulated under oxidizing conditions. Redox signaling events can be divided into upstream sensing of oxidants, midstream redox signaling of protein function, and downstream transcriptional redox regulation. Recent Advances: A more and more accepted theory of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling is that of a thiol peroxidase redox relay, whereby protein thiols with low reactivity toward H2O2 are instead oxidized through an oxidative relay with thiol peroxidases. CRITICAL ISSUES These ultrareactive thiol peroxidases are the upstream redox sensors, which form the first cellular port of call for H2O2. Not all redox-regulated interactions between thiol peroxidases and cellular proteins involve a transfer of oxidative equivalents, and the nature of redox signaling is further complicated through promiscuous functions of redox-regulated "moonlighting" proteins, of which the precise cellular role under oxidative stress can frequently be obscured by "polygamous" interactions. An ultimate goal of redox signaling is to initiate a rapid response, and in contrast to prokaryotic oxidant-responsive transcription factors, mammalian systems have developed redox signaling pathways, which intersect both with kinase-dependent activation of transcription factors, as well as direct oxidative regulation of transcription factors through peroxiredoxin (Prx) redox relays. FUTURE DIRECTIONS We highlight that both transcriptional regulation and cell fate can be modulated either through oxidative regulation of kinase pathways, or through distinct redox-dependent associations involving either Prxs or redox-responsive moonlighting proteins with functional promiscuity. These protein associations form systems of crossregulatory networks with multiple nodes of potential oxidative regulation for H2O2-mediated signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Young
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Brandan Pedre
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daria Ezeriņa
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara De Smet
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Lewandowska
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria-Armineh Tossounian
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nandita Bodra
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Huang
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonardo Astolfi Rosado
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- 2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,4 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,5 Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- 1 Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium.,2 Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium.,3 Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang L, Yang L, Yang Z, Tang Y, Tao Y, Zhan Q, Lei L, Jing Y, Jiang X, Jin H, Zou Q, Xian J, Zhang L. Glycolytic Enzyme PKM2 Mediates Autophagic Activation to Promote Cell Survival in NPM1-Mutated Leukemia. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:882-894. [PMID: 30906218 PMCID: PMC6429014 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.30290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with mutated nucleophosmin (NPM1) has been defined as a distinct leukemia entity in the 2016 updated WHO classification of myeloid neoplasm. Our previous report showed that autophagic activity was elevated in NPM1-mutated AML, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Mount of study provides evidence that glycometabolic enzymes are implicated in the autophagic process. Pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 (PKM2), a key glycolytic enzyme, has been recently reported as a tumor supporter in leukemia. However, little is known about the roles of PKM2 in autophagic activity in NPM1-mutated AML. In this study, PKM2 highly expressed in NPM1-mutated AML, and partially, high levels of PKM2 were upregulated by PTBP1. Further experiments demonstrated that PKM2 mediated autophagic activation and increased the phosphorylation of key autophagy protein Beclin-1. Importantly, functional experiments demonstrated that PKM2 contributed to cell survival via autophagic activation. Ultimately, high PKM2 expression was associated with short overall and event-free survival time in NPM1-mutated AML patients. Our findings indicate for the first time that glycolytic enzyme PKM2 mediates autophagic activation and further contributes to cell survival in NPM1-mutated AML, suggesting that PKM2 may serve as a promising target for treatment of NPM1-mutated AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zailin Yang
- Center for Hematology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Tang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Zhan
- The Center for Clinical Molecular Medical detection, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Lei
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yipei Jing
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xueke Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingrong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ganapathy-Kanniappan S. Molecular intricacies of aerobic glycolysis in cancer: current insights into the classic metabolic phenotype. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 53:667-682. [PMID: 30668176 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1556578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is the process of oxidation of glucose into pyruvate followed by lactate production under normoxic condition. Distinctive from its anaerobic counterpart (i.e. glycolysis that occurs under hypoxia), aerobic glycolysis is frequently witnessed in cancers, popularly known as the "Warburg effect", and it is one of the earliest known evidences of metabolic alteration in neoplasms. Intracellularly, aerobic glycolysis circumvents mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), facilitating an increased rate of glucose hydrolysis. This in turn enables cancer cells to successfully compete with normal cells for glucose uptake in order to maintain uninterrupted growth. In addition, evading OxPhos mitigates excessive generation/accumulation of reactive oxygen species that otherwise may be deleterious to cells. Emerging data indicate that aerobic glycolysis in cancer also promotes glutaminolysis to satisfy the precursor requirements of certain biosynthetic processes (e.g. nucleic acids). Next, the metabolic intermediates of aerobic glycolysis also feed the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to facilitate macromolecular biosynthesis necessary for cancer cell growth and proliferation. Extracellularly, the extrusion of the end-product of aerobic glycolysis, i.e. lactate, alters the tumor microenvironment, and impacts cancer-associated cells. Collectively, accumulating data unequivocally demonstrate that aerobic glycolysis implicates myriad of molecular and functional processes to support cancer progression. This review, in the light of recent research, dissects the molecular intricacies of its regulation, and also deliberates the emerging paradigms to target aerobic glycolysis in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugasundaram Ganapathy-Kanniappan
- a The Division of Interventional Radiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology & Radiological Science , The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore , MD , USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Role of Transglutaminase 2 in Migration of Tumor Cells and How Mouse Models Fit. Med Sci (Basel) 2018; 6:medsci6030070. [PMID: 30200219 PMCID: PMC6164270 DOI: 10.3390/medsci6030070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A search for the "magic bullet", a molecule, the targeting abilities of which could stop the migration of tumor cells, is currently underway, but remains in the early stages. There are still many unknowns regarding the cell migration. The main approach is the employment of mouse models, that are sources of valuable information, but still cannot answer all of the questions. One of the molecules of interest is Transglutaminase 2 (TG2). It is a well-described molecule involved in numerous pathways and elevated in metastatic tumors. The question remains whether mice and humans can give the same answer considering TG2.
Collapse
|
24
|
Rossin F, Villella VR, D'Eletto M, Farrace MG, Esposito S, Ferrari E, Monzani R, Occhigrossi L, Pagliarini V, Sette C, Cozza G, Barlev NA, Falasca L, Fimia GM, Kroemer G, Raia V, Maiuri L, Piacentini M. TG2 regulates the heat-shock response by the post-translational modification of HSF1. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201745067. [PMID: 29752334 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201745067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master transcription factor that regulates the response to proteotoxic stress by controlling the transcription of many stress-responsive genes including the heat-shock proteins. Here, we show a novel molecular mechanism controlling the activation of HSF1. We demonstrate that transglutaminase type 2 (TG2), dependent on its protein disulphide isomerase activity, triggers the trimerization and activation of HSF1 regulating adaptation to stress and proteostasis impairment. In particular, we find that TG2 loss of function correlates with a defect in the nuclear translocation of HSF1 and in its DNA-binding ability to the HSP70 promoter. We show that the inhibition of TG2 restores the unbalance in HSF1-HSP70 pathway in cystic fibrosis (CF), a human disorder characterized by deregulation of proteostasis. The absence of TG2 leads to an increase of about 40% in CFTR function in a new experimental CF mouse model lacking TG2. Altogether, these results indicate that TG2 plays a key role in the regulation of cellular proteostasis under stressful cellular conditions through the modulation of the heat-shock response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | | | - Speranza Esposito
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Romina Monzani
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Occhigrossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - Vittoria Pagliarini
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Sette
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Neuroembryology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Institute of Cytology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1138, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France.,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valeria Raia
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,SCDU of Pediatrics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy .,National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS 'L. Spallanzani', Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Palucci I, Matic I, Falasca L, Minerva M, Maulucci G, De Spirito M, Petruccioli E, Goletti D, Rossin F, Piacentini M, Delogu G. Transglutaminase type 2 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J Intern Med 2018; 283:303-313. [PMID: 29205566 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the aetiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), is capable of interfering with the phagosome maturation pathway, by inhibiting phagosome-lysosome fusion and the autophagic process to ensure survival and replication in macrophages. Thus, it has been proposed that the modulation of autophagy may represent a therapeutic approach to reduce MTB viability by enhancing its clearance. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate whether transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is involved in the pathogenesis of MTB. RESULTS We have shown that either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of TG2 leads to a marked reduction in MTB replicative capacity. Infection of TG2 knockout mice demonstrated that TG2 is required for MTB intracellular survival in macrophages and host tissues. The same inhibitory effect can be reproduced in vitro using Z-DON, a specific inhibitor of the transamidating activity of TG2. Massive cell death observed in macrophages that properly express TG2 is hampered by the absence of the enzyme and can be largely reduced by the treatment of wild-type macrophages with the TG2 inhibitor. Our data suggest that reduced MTB replication in cells lacking TG2 is due to the impairment of LC3/autophagy homeostasis. Finally, we have shown that treatment of MTB-infected murine and human primary macrophages with cystamine, a TG2 inhibitor already tested in clinical studies, causes a reduction in intracellular colony-forming units in human macrophages similar to that achieved by the anti-TB drug capreomycin. CONCLUSION These results suggest that inhibition of TG2 activity is a potential novel approach for the treatment of TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Palucci
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - I Matic
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - M Minerva
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - G Maulucci
- Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - M De Spirito
- Institute of Physics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - E Petruccioli
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - D Goletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - F Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - M Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - G Delogu
- Institute of Microbiology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore - Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Piacentini M, Baiocchini A, Del Nonno F, Melino G, Barlev NA, Rossin F, D'Eletto M, Falasca L. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease severity is modulated by transglutaminase type 2. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:257. [PMID: 29449533 PMCID: PMC5833377 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most important liver diseases worldwide. Currently, no effective treatment is available, and NAFLD pathogenesis is incompletely understood. Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitous enzyme whose dysregulation is implicated in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Here we examined the impact of TG2 on NAFLD progression using the high-fat-diet-induced model in both wild-type and TG2-deficient mice. Animals were fed with a standard chow diet or a high-fat diet (42% of the energy from fat) for 16 weeks. Results demonstrated that the absence of a functional enzyme, which causes the impairment of autophagy/mitophagy, leads to worsening of disease progression. Data were confirmed by pharmacological inhibition of TG2 in WT animals. In addition, the analysis of human liver samples from NAFLD patients validated the enzyme’s involvement in the liver fat disease pathogenesis. Our findings strongly suggest that TG2 activation may offer protection in the context of NAFLD, thus representing a novel therapeutic target for tackling the NAFLD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Piacentini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy. .,Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Baiocchini
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Del Nonno
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Institute of Cytology Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Ko KW, Choi B, Park S, Arai Y, Choi WC, Lee JM, Bae H, Han IB, Lee SH. Down-Regulation of Transglutaminase 2 Stimulates Redifferentiation of Dedifferentiated Chondrocytes through Enhancing Glucose Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2359. [PMID: 29112123 PMCID: PMC5713328 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of chondrocytes for repair of articular cartilage can lead to dedifferentiation, making it difficult to obtain a sufficient quantity of chondrocytes. Although previous studies have suggested that culture in a three-dimensional environment induces redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes, its underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood in terms of metabolism compared with a two-dimensional environment. In this study, we demonstrate that attenuation of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional enzyme, stimulates redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes. Fibroblast-like morphological changes increased as TG2 expression increased in passage-dependent manner. When dedifferentiated chondrocytes were cultured in a pellet culture system, TG2 expression was reduced and glycolytic enzyme expression up-regulated. Previous studies demonstrated that TG2 influences energy metabolism, and impaired glycolytic metabolism causes chondrocyte dedifferentiation. Interestingly, TG2 knockdown improved chondrogenic gene expression, glycolytic enzyme expression, and lactate production in a monolayer culture system. Taken together, down-regulation of TG2 is involved in redifferentiaton of dedifferentiated chondrocytes through enhancing glucose metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Won Ko
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Bogyu Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Sunghyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Yoshie Arai
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| | - Won Chul Choi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Joong-Myung Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bundang Medical Center, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13496, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
| | - Hojae Bae
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea.
| | - In-Bo Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, CHA University, CHA Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam-si 13496, Korea.
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hussain T, Tan B, Ren W, Rahu N, Dad R, Kalhoro DH, Yin Y. Polyamines: therapeutic perspectives in oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1457-1468. [PMID: 28733904 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2447-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are naturally occurring aliphatic compounds, particularly essential elements for biological functions. These compounds play a central role in regulating molecular pathways which are responsible for cellular proliferation, growth, and differentiation. Importantly, excessive polyamine catabolism can lead to a prominent source of oxidative stress which increases inflammatory response and thought to be involved in several diseases including stroke, renal failure, neurological disease, liver disease, and even cancer. Moreover, polyamine supplementation increases life span in model organisms and may encounter oxidative stress via exerting its potential anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The revealed literature indicates that an emerging role of polyamine biosynthetic pathway could be a novel target for drug development against inflammatory diseases. In this review, we expand the knowledge on the metabolism of polyamines, and its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities which might have future implications against inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Bie Tan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenkai Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.,University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10008, People's Republic of China
| | - Najma Rahu
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Rahim Dad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Education Ministry of China, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, 70050, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Galluzzi L, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Cecconi F, Choi AM, Chu CT, Codogno P, Colombo MI, Cuervo AM, Debnath J, Deretic V, Dikic I, Eskelinen EL, Fimia GM, Fulda S, Gewirtz DA, Green DR, Hansen M, Harper JW, Jäättelä M, Johansen T, Juhasz G, Kimmelman AC, Kraft C, Ktistakis NT, Kumar S, Levine B, Lopez-Otin C, Madeo F, Martens S, Martinez J, Melendez A, Mizushima N, Münz C, Murphy LO, Penninger JM, Piacentini M, Reggiori F, Rubinsztein DC, Ryan KM, Santambrogio L, Scorrano L, Simon AK, Simon HU, Simonsen A, Tavernarakis N, Tooze SA, Yoshimori T, Yuan J, Yue Z, Zhong Q, Kroemer G. Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes. EMBO J 2017; 36:1811-1836. [PMID: 28596378 PMCID: PMC5494474 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201796697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1114] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the molecular machinery that underlies autophagic responses has been characterized with ever increasing precision in multiple model organisms. Moreover, it has become clear that autophagy and autophagy-related processes have profound implications for human pathophysiology. However, considerable confusion persists about the use of appropriate terms to indicate specific types of autophagy and some components of the autophagy machinery, which may have detrimental effects on the expansion of the field. Driven by the overt recognition of such a potential obstacle, a panel of leading experts in the field attempts here to define several autophagy-related terms based on specific biochemical features. The ultimate objective of this collaborative exchange is to formulate recommendations that facilitate the dissemination of knowledge within and outside the field of autophagy research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Bravo-San Pedro
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Unit of Cell Stress and Survival, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Augustine M Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charleen T Chu
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrice Codogno
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Paris, France
- INSERM, U1151, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8253, Paris, France
| | - Maria Isabel Colombo
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Histología y Embriología (IHEM)-CONICET, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jayanta Debnath
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vojo Deretic
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, School of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Main, Germany
- Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | | | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Simone Fulda
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research in Pediatrics, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Malene Hansen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terje Johansen
- Molecular Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Biology, University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gabor Juhasz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Claudine Kraft
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI), Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Lopez-Otin
- Department de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Cáncer, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sascha Martens
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Vienna Biocenter, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Alicia Melendez
- Department of Biology, Queens College, Queens, NY, USA
- Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Noboru Mizushima
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christian Münz
- Viral Immunobiology, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Leon O Murphy
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josef M Penninger
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Campus Vienna BioCentre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Katharina Simon
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anne Simonsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Tamotsu Yoshimori
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Intracellular Membrane Dynamics, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junying Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Qing Zhong
- Center for Autophagy Research, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France
- Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
- INSERM, U1138, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Assessing the Catalytic Activity of Transglutaminases in the Context of Autophagic Responses. Methods Enzymol 2016; 587:511-520. [PMID: 28253975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2016.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The human transglutaminases (TGases) are a widely distributed and peculiar group of enzymes that catalyze the posttranslational modification of proteins by the formation of isopeptide bonds. Tissue or type 2 transglutaminase (TG2) represents the most ubiquitous isoform belonging to TGases family. The vast array of biochemical functions catalyzed by TG2 distinguishes it from the other members of the TGase family. In the presence of high calcium levels TG2 catalyzes a vast array of protein posttranslational modifications, including protein-protein cross-linking, incorporation of primary amines into proteins, as well as glutamine deamination. In the last few years, it has become evident that TG2 is involved in the final maturation of autolysosomes. The TG2 regulation of autophagy occurs by its transamidating activity and its inhibition results in the intracellular increase of ubiquitinated protein aggregates. In this chapter, we describe the methods used in our laboratories to assess the catalytic activity of TG2 in the autophagic process.
Collapse
|
32
|
Regina C, Panatta E, Candi E, Melino G, Amelio I, Balistreri CR, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Di Daniele N, Ruvolo G. Vascular ageing and endothelial cell senescence: Molecular mechanisms of physiology and diseases. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 159:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
33
|
|
34
|
Corrado M, Scorrano L, Campello S. Changing perspective on oncometabolites: from metabolic signature of cancer to tumorigenic and immunosuppressive agents. Oncotarget 2016; 7:46692-46706. [PMID: 27083002 PMCID: PMC5216830 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumorigenesis, the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis in ATP production accounts for the dramatic change in the cellular metabolism and represents one of the major steps leading to tumour formation. The so-called Warburg effect is currently considered something more than a mere modification in the cellular metabolism. The paradox that during cancer cell proliferation the increase in energy need is supplied by glycolysis can be only explained by taking into account the many roles that intermediates of glycolysis or TCA cycle play in cellular physiology, besides energy production. Recent studies have shown that metabolic intermediates induce changes in chromatin structure or drive neo-angiogenesis. In this review, we present some of the latest findings in the study of cancer metabolism with particular attention to how tumour metabolism and its microenvironment can favour tumour growth and aggressiveness, by hijacking and dampening the anti-tumoral immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Corrado
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Dulbecco-Telethon Institute, Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Campello
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Roma, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Engholm M, Pinilla E, Mogensen S, Matchkov V, Hedegaard ER, Chen H, Mulvany MJ, Simonsen U. Involvement of transglutaminase 2 and voltage-gated potassium channels in cystamine vasodilatation in rat mesenteric small arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:839-55. [PMID: 26603619 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vasodilatation may contribute to the neuroprotective and vascular anti-remodelling effect of the tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2) inhibitor cystamine. Here, we hypothesized that inhibition of TG2 followed by blockade of smooth muscle calcium entry and/or inhibition of Rho kinase underlies cystamine vasodilatation. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We used rat mesenteric small arteries and RT-PCR, immunoblotting, and measurements of isometric wall tension, intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i ), K(+) currents (patch clamp), and phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1 (MYPT1) and myosin regulatory light chain, in our experiments. KEY RESULTS RT-PCR and immunoblotting revealed expression of TG2 in mesenteric small arteries. Cystamine concentration-dependently inhibited responses to phenylephrine, 5-HT and U46619 and for extracellular potassium. Selective inhibitors of TG2, LDN 27129 and T101, also inhibited phenylephrine contraction. An inhibitor of PLC suppressed cystamine relaxation. Cystamine relaxed and reduced [Ca(2+)]i in phenylephrine-contracted arteries. In potassium-contracted arteries, cystamine induced less relaxation without changing [Ca(2+)]i , and these relaxations were blocked by mitochondrial complex inhibitors. Blockers of Kv 7 channels, XE991 and linopirdine, inhibited cystamine relaxation and increases in voltage-dependent smooth muscle currents. Cystamine and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632 reduced basal MYPT1-Thr(855) phosphorylation, but only Y27632 reduced phenylephrine-induced increases in MYPT1-Thr(855) and myosin regulatory light chain phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Cystamine induced vasodilatation by inhibition of receptor-coupled TG2, leading to opening of Kv channels and reduction of intracellular calcium, and by activation of a pathway sensitive to inhibitors of the mitochondrial complexes I and III. Both pathways may contribute to the antihypertensive and neuroprotective effect of cystamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morten Engholm
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Estéfano Pinilla
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Susie Mogensen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Matchkov
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Elise Røge Hedegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Michael J Mulvany
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pulmonary and Cardiovascular Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Altuntas S, Rossin F, Marsella C, D'Eletto M, Hidalgo LD, Farrace MG, Campanella M, Antonioli M, Fimia GM, Piacentini M. The transglutaminase type 2 and pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 interplay in autophagy regulation. Oncotarget 2015; 6:44941-54. [PMID: 26702927 PMCID: PMC4792602 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a self-degradative physiological process by which the cell removes worn-out or damaged components. Constant at basal level it may become highly active in response to cellular stress. The type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), which accumulates under stressful cell conditions, plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy and cells lacking this enzyme display impaired autophagy/mitophagy and a consequent shift their metabolism to glycolysis. To further define the molecular partners of TG2 involved in these cellular processes, we analysed the TG2 interactome under normal and starved conditions discovering that TG2 interacts with various proteins belonging to different functional categories. Herein we show that TG2 interacts with pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), a rate limiting enzyme of glycolysis which is responsible for maintaining a glycolytic phenotype in malignant cells and displays non metabolic functions, including transcriptional co-activation and protein kinase activity. Interestingly, the ablation of PKM2 led to the decrease of intracellular TG2's transamidating activity paralleled by an increase of its tyrosine phosphorylation. Along with this, a significant decrease of ULK1 and Beclin1 was also recorded, thus suggesting a block in the upstream regulation of autophagosome formation. These data suggest that the PKM2/TG2 interplay plays an important role in the regulation of autophagy in particular under cellular stressful conditions such as those displayed by cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Altuntas
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marsella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College London and UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
| | - Manuela Antonioli
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Technology (Di.S.Te.B.A.), University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS “Lazzaro Spallanzani”, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Low T3 State Is Correlated with Cardiac Mitochondrial Impairments after Ischemia Reperfusion Injury: Evidence from a Proteomic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:26687-705. [PMID: 26561807 PMCID: PMC4661832 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161125973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are major determinants of cell fate in ischemia/reperfusion injury (IR) and common effectors of cardio-protective strategies in cardiac ischemic disease. Thyroid hormone homeostasis critically affects mitochondrial function and energy production. Since a low T3 state (LT3S) is frequently observed in the post infarction setting, the study was aimed to investigate the relationship between 72 h post IR T3 levels and both the cardiac function and the mitochondrial proteome in a rat model of IR. The low T3 group exhibits the most compromised cardiac performance along with the worst mitochondrial activity. Accordingly, our results show a different remodeling of the mitochondrial proteome in the presence or absence of a LT3S, with alterations in groups of proteins that play a key role in energy metabolism, quality control and regulation of cell death pathways. Overall, our findings highlight a relationship between LT3S in the early post IR and poor cardiac and mitochondrial outcomes, and suggest a potential implication of thyroid hormone in the cardio-protection and tissue remodeling in ischemic disease.
Collapse
|
38
|
Affiliation(s)
- M Chiara Maiuri
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - G Kroemer
- Equipe 11 Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM U 1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rossin F, D’Eletto M, Farrace MG, Piacentini M. Transglutaminase type 2: A multifunctional protein chaperone? Mol Cell Oncol 2014; 1:e968506. [PMID: 27308365 PMCID: PMC4905205 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.968506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 09/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Macroautophagy selectively degrades dysfunctional mitochondria by a process known as mitophagy. The purpose of the study published in Cell Death and Differentiation was to investigate the involvement of transglutaminase 2 (TG2) in the turnover and degradation of damaged mitochondria and its effects on cell metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology; University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela D’Eletto
- Department of Biology; University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology; University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” Rome, Italy
- National Institute for infectious Disease Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico “Lazzaro Spallanzani,” Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Altuntas S, D'Eletto M, Rossin F, Hidalgo LD, Farrace MG, Falasca L, Piredda L, Cocco S, Mastroberardino PG, Piacentini M, Campanella M. Type 2 Transglutaminase, mitochondria and Huntington's disease: menage a trois. Mitochondrion 2014; 19 Pt A:97-104. [PMID: 25262960 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria produce the bulk of cellular energy and work as decisional "hubs" for cellular responses by integrating different input signals. The determinant in the physiopathology of mammals, they attract major attention, nowadays, for their contribution to brain degeneration. How they can withstand or succumb to insults leading to neuronal death is an object of great attention increasing the need for a better understanding of the interplay between inner and outer mitochondrial pathways residing in the cytosol. Of the latter, those dictating protein metabolism and therefore influencing the quality function and control of the organelle are of our most immediate interest and here we describe the Transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) contribution to mitochondrial function, dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Besides reviewing the latest evidences we share also the novel ones on the IF1 pathway depicting a molecular conduit governing mitochondrial turnover and homeostasis relevant to envisaging preventive and therapeutic strategies to respectively predict and counteract deficiencies associated with deregulated mitochondrial function in neuropathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Altuntas
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Manuela D'Eletto
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Laura Diaz Hidalgo
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | | | - Laura Falasca
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S. 'L. Spallanzani', Rome 00149, Italy
| | - Lucia Piredda
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Stefania Cocco
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy
| | | | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy; National Institute for Infectious Diseases I.R.C.C.S. 'L. Spallanzani', Rome 00149, Italy.
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Biology, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome 00133, Italy; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI), Rita Levi-Montalcini Foundation, Rome 00143, Italy; Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), London, NW1 0TU, UK.
| |
Collapse
|