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Abdulkareem SJ, Jafari-Gharabaghlou D, Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid M, Salmani-Javan E, Toroghi F, Zarghami N. Co-delivery of artemisinin and metformin via PEGylated niosomal nanoparticles: potential anti-cancer effect in treatment of lung cancer cells. Daru 2024; 32:133-144. [PMID: 38168007 PMCID: PMC11087397 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00495-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite the advances in treatment, lung cancer is a global concern and necessitates the development of new treatments. Biguanides like metformin (MET) and artemisinin (ART) have recently been discovered to have anti-cancer properties. As a consequence, in the current study, the anti-cancer effect of MET and ART co-encapsulated in niosomal nanoparticles on lung cancer cells was examined to establish an innovative therapy technique. METHODS Niosomal nanoparticles (Nio-NPs) were synthesized by thin-film hydration method, and their physicochemical properties were assessed by FTIR. The morphology of Nio-NPs was evaluated with FE-SEM and AFM. The MTT assay was applied to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of free MET, free ART, their encapsulated form with Nio-NPs, as well as their combination, on A549 cells. Apoptosis assay was utilized to detect the biological processes involved with programmed cell death. The arrest of cell cycle in response to drugs was assessed using a cell cycle assay. Following a 48-h drug treatment, the expression level of hTERT, Cyclin D1, BAX, BCL-2, Caspase 3, and 7 genes were assessed using the qRT-PCR method. RESULTS Both MET and ART reduced the survival rate of lung cancer cells in the dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values of pure ART and MET were 195.2 μM and 14.6 mM, respectively while in nano formulated form their IC50 values decreased to 56.7 μM and 78.3 μM, respectively. The combination of MET and ART synergistically decreased the proliferation of lung cancer cells, compared to the single treatments. Importantly, the combination of MET and ART had a higher anti-proliferative impact against A549 lung cancer cells, with lower IC50 values. According to the result of Real-time PCR, hTERT, Cyclin D1, BAX, BCL-2, Caspase 3, and Caspase 7 genes expression were considerably altered in treated with combination of nano formulated MET and ART compared to single therapies. CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the combination of MET and ART encapsulated in Nio-NPs could be useful for the treatment of lung cancer and can increase the efficiency of lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah Jaafar Abdulkareem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Davoud Jafari-Gharabaghlou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Farhoudi-Sefidan-Jadid
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elnaz Salmani-Javan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Toroghi
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Nosratollah Zarghami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Aydin University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Shen X, Li X, Wu T, Guo T, Lv J, He Z, Luo M, Zhu X, Tian Y, Lai W, Dong C, Hu X, Wu L. TRIM33 plays a critical role in regulating dendritic cell differentiation and homeostasis by modulating Irf8 and Bcl2l11 transcription. Cell Mol Immunol 2024:10.1038/s41423-024-01179-1. [PMID: 38822080 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-024-01179-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of distinct dendritic cell (DC) subsets, namely, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and conventional DC subsets (cDC1s and cDC2s), is controlled by specific transcription factors. IRF8 is essential for the fate specification of cDC1s. However, how the expression of Irf8 is regulated is not fully understood. In this study, we identified TRIM33 as a critical regulator of DC differentiation and maintenance. TRIM33 deletion in Trim33fl/fl Cre-ERT2 mice significantly impaired DC differentiation from hematopoietic progenitors at different developmental stages. TRIM33 deficiency downregulated the expression of multiple genes associated with DC differentiation in these progenitors. TRIM33 promoted the transcription of Irf8 to facilitate the differentiation of cDC1s by maintaining adequate CDK9 and Ser2 phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (S2 Pol II) levels at Irf8 gene sites. Moreover, TRIM33 prevented the apoptosis of DCs and progenitors by directly suppressing the PU.1-mediated transcription of Bcl2l11, thereby maintaining DC homeostasis. Taken together, our findings identified TRIM33 as a novel and crucial regulator of DC differentiation and maintenance through the modulation of Irf8 and Bcl2l11 expression. The finding that TRIM33 functions as a critical regulator of both DC differentiation and survival provides potential benefits for devising DC-based immune interventions and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Shen
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaoyan Lv
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimin He
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Maocai Luo
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Yujie Tian
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Joint Graduate Program of Peking-Tsinghua-National Institute of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wenlong Lai
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Dong
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China
- Westlake University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute for Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, 100084, Beijing, China.
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3
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Corradi G, Forte D, Cristiano G, Polimeno A, Ciciarello M, Salvestrini V, Bandini L, Robustelli V, Ottaviani E, Cavo M, Ocadlikova D, Curti A. Ex vivo characterization of acute myeloid leukemia patients undergoing hypomethylating agents and venetoclax regimen reveals a venetoclax-specific effect on non-suppressive regulatory T cells and bona fide PD-1 +TIM3 + exhausted CD8 + T cells. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1386517. [PMID: 38812504 PMCID: PMC11133521 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1386517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive heterogeneous disease characterized by several alterations of the immune system prompting disease progression and treatment response. The therapies available for AML can affect lymphocyte function, limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy while hindering leukemia-specific immune reactions. Recently, the treatment based on Venetoclax (VEN), a specific B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) inhibitor, in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs) or low-dose cytarabine, has emerged as a promising clinical strategy in AML. To better understand the immunological effect of VEN treatment, we characterized the phenotype and immune checkpoint (IC) receptors' expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from AML patients after the first and second cycle of HMA in combination with VEN. HMA and VEN treatment significantly increased the percentage of naïve CD8+ T cells and TIM-3+ CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and reduced cytokine-secreting non-suppressive T regulatory cells (Tregs). Of note, a comparison between AML patients treated with HMA only and HMA in combination with VEN revealed the specific contribution of VEN in modulating the immune cell repertoire. Indeed, the reduction of cytokine-secreting non-suppressive Tregs, the increased TIM-3 expression on CD8+ T cells, and the reduced co-expression of PD-1 and TIM-3 on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are all VEN-specific. Collectively, our study shed light on immune modulation induced by VEN treatment, providing the rationale for a novel therapeutic combination of VEN and IC inhibitors in AML patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corradi
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Oncology Hematology, Pescara Hospital, Pescara, Italy
| | - Dorian Forte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Cristiano
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Polimeno
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marilena Ciciarello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza”, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvestrini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Bandini
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Robustelli
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuela Ottaviani
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Darina Ocadlikova
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio Curti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Istituto di Ematologia “Seràgnoli”, Bologna, Italy
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Coltoff A, Kuykendall A. Emerging drug profile: JAK inhibitors. Leuk Lymphoma 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38739701 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2024.2353434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Dysregulated JAK/STAT hyperactivity is essential to the pathogenesis of myelofibrosis, and JAK inhibitors are the first-line treatment option for many patients. There are four FDA-approved JAK inhibitors for patients with myelofibrosis. Single-agent JAK inhibition can improve splenomegaly, symptom burden, cytopenias, and possibly survival in patients with myelofibrosis. Despite their efficacy, JAK inhibitors produce variable or short-lived responses, in part due to the large network of cooperating signaling pathways and downstream targets of JAK/STAT, which mediates upfront or acquired resistance to JAK inhibitors. Synergistic inhibition of JAK/STAT accessory pathways can increase the rates and duration of response for patients with myelofibrosis. Two recently reported, placebo-controlled phase III trials of novel agents added to JAK inhibition met their primary endpoint, and additional late-stage studies are ongoing. This paper will review role of dysregulated JAK/STAT signaling, biological plausible additional therapeutic targets and the recent advancements in combination strategies with JAK inhibitors for myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Coltoff
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andrew Kuykendall
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, USA
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Han EJ, Choi EY, Jeon SJ, Moon JM, Lee SW, Lee JH, Jung GH, Han SH, Jung SH, Yang MS, Jung JY. Anticancer Effects of α-Pinene in AGS Gastric Cancer Cells. J Med Food 2024; 27:330-338. [PMID: 38387002 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.k.0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer globally and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Existing treatment strategies for gastric cancer often present numerous side effects. Consequently, recent studies have shifted toward devising new treatments grounded in safer natural substances. α-Pinene, a natural terpene found in the essential oils of various plants, such as Lavender angustifolia and Satureja myrtifolia, displays antioxidant, antibiotic, and anticancer properties. Yet, its impact on gastric cancer remains unexplored. This research assessed the effects of α-pinene in vitro using a human gastric adenocarcinoma cell-line (AGS) human gastric cancer cells and in vivo via a xenograft mouse model. The survival rate of AGS cells treated with α-pinene was notably lower than that of the control group, as revealed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. This decline in cell viability was linked to apoptosis, as verified by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole and annexin V/propidium iodide staining. The α-pinene-treated group exhibited elevated cleaved-poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X (Bax) levels and reduced Bcl-2 levels compared with the control levels. Moreover, α-pinene triggered the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38 within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. In the xenograft mouse model, α-pinene induced apoptosis through the MAPK pathway, devoid of toxicity. These findings position α-pinene as a promising natural therapeutic for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Ji Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Eun-Young Choi
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Su-Ji Jeon
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Jun-Mo Moon
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Lee
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Lee
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - So-Hee Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Products, Kongju National University, Yesan, Korea
- Research Center of Crop Breeding for Omics and Artificial Intelligence, Yesan, Korea
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6
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Griñán‐Ferré C, Jarné‐Ferrer J, Bellver‐Sanchís A, Codony S, Puigoriol‐Illamola D, Sanfeliu C, Oh Y, Lee S, Vázquez S, Pallàs M. Novel molecular mechanism driving neuroprotection after soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition: Insights for Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14511. [PMID: 37905690 PMCID: PMC11017401 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is widely recognized as a significant hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To combat neuroinflammation, the inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme has been demonstrated crucial. Importantly, sEH inhibition could be related to other neuroprotective pathways described in AD. AIMS The aim of the study was to unveil new molecular pathways driving neuroprotection through sEH, we used an optimized, potent, and selective sEH inhibitor (sEHi, UB-SCG-51). MATERIALS AND METHODS UB-SCG-51 was tested in neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y, in primary mouse and human astrocytes cultures challenged with proinflammatory insults and in microglia cultures treated with amyloid oligomers, as well as in mice AD model (5XFAD). RESULTS UB-SCG-51 (10 and 30 μM) prevented neurotoxic reactive-astrocyte conversion in primary mouse astrocytes challenged with TNF-α, IL-1α, and C1q (T/I/C) combination for 24 h. Moreover, in microglial cultures, sEHi reduced inflammation and glial activity. In addition, UB-SCG-51 rescued 5XFAD cognitive impairment, reducing the number of Amyloid-β plaques and Tau hyperphosphorylation accompanied by a reduction in neuroinflammation and apoptotic markers. Notably, a transcriptional profile analysis revealed a new pathway modulated by sEHi treatment. Specifically, the eIF2α/CHOP pathway, which promoted the endoplasmic reticulum response, was increased in the 5XFAD-treated group. These findings were confirmed in human primary astrocytes by combining sEHi and eIF2α inhibitor (eIF2αi) treatment. Besides, combining both treatments resulted in increased in C3 gene expression after T/I/C compared with the group treated with sEHi alone in cultures. DISCUSSION Therefore, sEHi rescued cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration in AD mice model, based on the reduction of inflammation and eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS In whole, our results support the concept that targeting neuroinflammation through sEH inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy to fight against Alzheimer's disease with additive and/or synergistic activities targeting neuroinflammation and cell stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán‐Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | - Júlia Jarné‐Ferrer
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Aina Bellver‐Sanchís
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Sandra Codony
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Dolors Puigoriol‐Illamola
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Coral Sanfeliu
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Yumin Oh
- Neuraly Inc.MarylandGaithersburgUSA
| | | | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry (CSIC Associated Unit), Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of Barcelona (UB)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic ChemistryInstitut de Neurociències‐Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación en Red, Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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Ibrahim IAA, Alzahrani AR, Alanazi IM, Shahzad N, Shahid I, Falemban AH, Nur Azlina MF, Arulselvan P. Synthesis and Characterization of Graphene Oxide/Polyethylene Glycol/Folic Acid/Brucine Nanocomposites and Their Anticancer Activity on HepG2 Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1109-1124. [PMID: 38344441 PMCID: PMC10854405 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s445206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Liver cancer is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer and the second major cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. Cancer nanotechnology has the ability to fundamentally alter cancer treatment, diagnosis, and detection. Objective In this study, we explained the development of graphene oxide/polyethylene glycol/folic acid/brucine nanocomposites (GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs) and evaluated their antimicrobial and anticancer effect on the liver cancer HepG2 cells. Methodology The GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs were prepared using the co-precipitation technique and characterized using various techniques. The cytotoxicity of the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs was tested against both liver cancer HepG2 and non-malignant Vero cells using an MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs was tested against several pathogens using the well diffusion technique. The effects of GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs on endogenous ROS accumulation, apoptosis, and MMP levels were examined using corresponding fluorescent staining assays, respectively. The apoptotic protein expressions, such as Bax, Bcl-2, and caspases, were studied using the corresponding kits. Results The findings of various characterization assays revealed the development of GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs with face-centered spherical morphology and an agglomerated appearance with an average size of 197.40 nm. The GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs treatment remarkably inhibited the growth of the tested pathogens. The findings of the MTT assay evidenced that the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs effectively reduced the HepG2 cell growth while not showing toxicity to the Vero cells. The findings of the fluorescent assay proved that the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs increased ROS generation, reduced MMP levels, and promoted apoptosis in the HepG2 cells. The levels of Bax, caspase-9, and -3 were increased, and Bcl-2 was reduced in the GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs-treated HepG2 cells. Conclusion The results of this work demonstrate that GO/PEG/Bru-FA NCs suppress viability and induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells, indicating their potential as an anticancer candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M Alanazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naiyer Shahzad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Shahid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Hisham Falemban
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura university, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Palanisamy Arulselvan
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602 105, India
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8
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Shaikh N, Sivaram A, Vyas R. Screening of natural product libraries in MCF7 cell line reveals the pro-apoptotic properties of β tetralone. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:876-884. [PMID: 37014028 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2196697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the exponential increase in research toward better treatment options for breast cancer patients, developing an effective drug with fewer side effects continues to remain a challenge. Natural compounds have emerged as a viable option and several drugs have been derived or inspired from them. In this study, we screened a library of natural compounds with diverse chemical structures against selected kinase proteins using in silico methods such as molecular docking and dynamics simulation. The best results were obtained between β tetralone and MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase protein. In vitro experiments such as cytotoxicity, scratch assays and flow cytometry analysis using an MCF7 cell line were performed to determine the anti-cancer potential of the compound. As the treatment resulted in cell death and apoptosis, β tetralone was screened in silico against anti-apoptotic targets where the best results were obtained between Bcl-w and β tetralone. This comprehensive study suggests that the anti-cancer activity of β tetralone is probably through the dual targeting of MDM2 E3 ubiquitin kinase and Bcl-w anti-apoptotic protein.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilofer Shaikh
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Aruna Sivaram
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Renu Vyas
- MIT School of Bioengineering Sciences & Research, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ghosh M, Pearse DD. Schwann Cell-Derived Exosomal Vesicles: A Promising Therapy for the Injured Spinal Cord. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17317. [PMID: 38139147 PMCID: PMC10743801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale-sized membrane vesicles released by cells into their extracellular milieu. Within these nanovesicles reside a multitude of bioactive molecules, which orchestrate essential biological processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and survival, in the recipient cells. These bioactive properties of exosomes render them a promising choice for therapeutic use in the realm of tissue regeneration and repair. Exosomes possess notable positive attributes, including a high bioavailability, inherent safety, and stability, as well as the capacity to be functionalized so that drugs or biological agents can be encapsulated within them or to have their surface modified with ligands and receptors to imbue them with selective cell or tissue targeting. Remarkably, their small size and capacity for receptor-mediated transcytosis enable exosomes to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and access the central nervous system (CNS). Unlike cell-based therapies, exosomes present fewer ethical constraints in their collection and direct use as a therapeutic approach in the human body. These advantageous qualities underscore the vast potential of exosomes as a treatment option for neurological injuries and diseases, setting them apart from other cell-based biological agents. Considering the therapeutic potential of exosomes, the current review seeks to specifically examine an area of investigation that encompasses the development of Schwann cell (SC)-derived exosomal vesicles (SCEVs) as an approach to spinal cord injury (SCI) protection and repair. SCs, the myelinating glia of the peripheral nervous system, have a long history of demonstrated benefit in repair of the injured spinal cord and peripheral nerves when transplanted, including their recent advancement to clinical investigations for feasibility and safety in humans. This review delves into the potential of utilizing SCEVs as a therapy for SCI, explores promising engineering strategies to customize SCEVs for specific actions, and examines how SCEVs may offer unique clinical advantages over SC transplantation for repair of the injured spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Ghosh
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Damien D. Pearse
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- The Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- The Neuroscience Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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10
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Pemmaraju N, Garcia JS, Perkins A, Harb JG, Souers AJ, Werner ME, Brown CM, Passamonti F. New era for myelofibrosis treatment with novel agents beyond Janus kinase-inhibitor monotherapy: Focus on clinical development of BCL-X L /BCL-2 inhibition with navitoclax. Cancer 2023; 129:3535-3545. [PMID: 37584267 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.34986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis is a heterogeneous myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by chronic inflammation, progressive bone marrow failure, and hepatosplenic extramedullary hematopoiesis. Treatments like Janus kinase inhibitor monotherapy (e.g., ruxolitinib) provide significant spleen and symptom relief but demonstrate limited ability to lead to a durable disease modification. There is an urgent unmet medical need for treatments with a novel mechanism of action that can modify the underlying pathophysiology and affect the disease course of myelofibrosis. This review highlights the role of B-cell lymphoma (BCL) protein BCL-extra large (BCL-XL ) in disease pathogenesis and the potential role that navitoclax, a BCL-extra large/BCL-2 inhibitor, may have in myelofibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Andrew Perkins
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Francesco Passamonti
- Department of Oncology and Onco-Hematology, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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11
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Vietsch EE, Latifi D, Verheij M, van der Oost EW, de Wilde RF, Haen R, van den Boom AL, Koerkamp BG, Doornebosch PG, van Verschuer VM, Ooms AH, Mohammad F, Willemsen M, Aerts JG, Krog RT, de Miranda NF, van den Bosch TP, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD, van Eijck CH. B cell immune profiles in dysbiotic vermiform appendixes of pancreatic cancer patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230306. [PMID: 38022530 PMCID: PMC10667699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid tumors and is resistant to immunotherapy. B cells play an essential role in PDAC progression and immune responses, both locally and systemically. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that microbial compositions inside the tumor, as well as in the oral cavity and the gut, are important factors in shaping the PDAC immune landscape. However, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has not previously been explored in PDAC patients. In this study, we analyzed healthy vermiform appendix (VA) from 20 patients with PDAC and 32 patients with colon diseases by gene expression immune profiling, flow cytometry analysis, and microbiome sequencing. We show that the VA GALT of PDAC patients exhibits markers of increased inflammation and cytotoxic cell activity. In contrast, B cell function is decreased in PDAC VA GALT based on gene expression profiling; B cells express significantly fewer MHC class II surface receptors, whereas plasma cells express the immune checkpoint molecule HLA-G. Additionally, the vermiform appendix microbiome of PDAC patients is enriched with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, while certain commensals are depleted. Our findings may suggest impaired B cell function within the GALT of PDAC patients, which could potentially be linked to microbial dysbiosis. Additional investigations are imperative to validate our observations and explore these potential targets of future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E. Vietsch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diba Latifi
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Verheij
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roel Haen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Loes van den Boom
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ariadne H.A.G. Ooms
- Department of Pathology, Pathan BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Farzana Mohammad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcella Willemsen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim G.J.V. Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ricki T. Krog
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Pervushin NV, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. Bcl-B: an "unknown" protein of the Bcl-2 family. Biol Direct 2023; 18:69. [PMID: 37899453 PMCID: PMC10614328 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-B is a poorly understood protein of the Bcl-2 family that is highly expressed in many healthy tissues and tumor types. Bcl-B is considered an antiapoptotic protein, but many reports have revealed its contradictory roles in different cancer types. In this mini-review, we elucidate the functions of Bcl-B in normal conditions and various pathologies, its regulation of programmed cell death, its oncogene/oncosuppressor activity in tumorigenesis, its impact on drug-acquired resistance, and possible approaches to inhibit Bcl-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Pervushin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - G S Kopeina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
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13
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Kasmani MY, Topchyan P, Brown AK, Brown RJ, Wu X, Chen Y, Khatun A, Alson D, Wu Y, Burns R, Lin CW, Kudek MR, Sun J, Cui W. A spatial sequencing atlas of age-induced changes in the lung during influenza infection. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6597. [PMID: 37852965 PMCID: PMC10584893 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus infection causes increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Aging impairs the immune response to influenza, both intrinsically and because of altered interactions with endothelial and pulmonary epithelial cells. To characterize these changes, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), spatial transcriptomics, and bulk RNA sequencing (bulk RNA-seq) on lung tissue from young and aged female mice at days 0, 3, and 9 post-influenza infection. Our analyses identified dozens of key genes differentially expressed in kinetic, age-dependent, and cell type-specific manners. Aged immune cells exhibited altered inflammatory, memory, and chemotactic profiles. Aged endothelial cells demonstrated characteristics of reduced vascular wound healing and a prothrombotic state. Spatial transcriptomics identified novel profibrotic and antifibrotic markers expressed by epithelial and non-epithelial cells, highlighting the complex networks that promote fibrosis in aged lungs. Bulk RNA-seq generated a timeline of global transcriptional activity, showing increased expression of genes involved in inflammation and coagulation in aged lungs. Our work provides an atlas of high-throughput sequencing methodologies that can be used to investigate age-related changes in the response to influenza virus, identify novel cell-cell interactions for further study, and ultimately uncover potential therapeutic targets to improve health outcomes in the elderly following influenza infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moujtaba Y Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Paytsar Topchyan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ashley K Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ryan J Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Xiaopeng Wu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Donia Alson
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yue Wu
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Robert Burns
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Chien-Wei Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Matthew R Kudek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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14
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Arandjelovic P, Kim Y, Cooney JP, Preston SP, Doerflinger M, McMahon JH, Garner SE, Zerbato JM, Roche M, Tumpach C, Ong J, Sheerin D, Smyth GK, Anderson JL, Allison CC, Lewin SR, Pellegrini M. Venetoclax, alone and in combination with the BH3 mimetic S63845, depletes HIV-1 latently infected cells and delays rebound in humanized mice. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101178. [PMID: 37652018 PMCID: PMC10518630 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
HIV-1 persists indefinitely in people living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART). If ART is stopped, the virus rapidly rebounds from long-lived latently infected cells. Using a humanized mouse model of HIV-1 infection and CD4+ T cells from PLWH on ART, we investigate whether antagonizing host pro-survival proteins can prime latent cells to die and facilitate HIV-1 clearance. Venetoclax, a pro-apoptotic inhibitor of Bcl-2, depletes total and intact HIV-1 DNA in CD4+ T cells from PLWH ex vivo. This venetoclax-sensitive population is enriched for cells with transcriptionally higher levels of pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins. Furthermore, venetoclax delays viral rebound in a mouse model of persistent HIV-1 infection, and the combination of venetoclax with the Mcl-1 inhibitor S63845 achieves a longer delay in rebound compared with either intervention alone. Thus, selective inhibition of pro-survival proteins can induce death of HIV-1-infected cells that persist on ART, extending time to viral rebound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Arandjelovic
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Youry Kim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James P Cooney
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon P Preston
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James H McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah E Garner
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Zerbato
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Roche
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emerging Infections Program, School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Carolin Tumpach
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jesslyn Ong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dylan Sheerin
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jenny L Anderson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Cody C Allison
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immune Defence, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Seipel K, Kohler S, Bacher U, Pabst T. HSP90 Inhibitor PU-H71 in Combination with BH3-Mimetics in the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:7011-7026. [PMID: 37754227 PMCID: PMC10529370 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the molecular chaperone HSP90 and the anti-apoptotic proteins MCL1 and BCL2 may be a promising novel approach in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71, MCL1 inhibitor S63845, and BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax were assessed as single agents and in combination for their ability to induce apoptosis and cell death in leukemic cells. AML cells represented all major morphologic and molecular subtypes including FLT3-ITD and TP53 mutant AML cell lines and a variety of patient-derived AML cells. Results: PU-H71 and combination treatments with MCL1 inhibitor S63845 or BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in susceptible AML cell lines and primary AML. The majority of the primary AML samples were responsive to PU-H71 in combination with BH3 mimetics. Elevated susceptibility to PU-H71 and S63845 was associated with FLT3 mutated AML with CD34 < 20%. Elevated susceptibility to PU-H71 and venetoclax was associated with primary AML with CD117 > 80% and CD11b < 45%. The combination of HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 and MCL1 inhibitor S63845 may be a candidate treatment for FLT3-mutated AML with moderate CD34 positivity while the combination of HSP90 inhibitor PU-H71 and BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax may be more effective in the treatment of primitive AML with high CD117 and low CD11b positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Seipel
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Scarlett Kohler
- Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3008 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrike Bacher
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Thomas Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
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16
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Tantawy SI, Timofeeva N, Sarkar A, Gandhi V. Targeting MCL-1 protein to treat cancer: opportunities and challenges. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1226289. [PMID: 37601693 PMCID: PMC10436212 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1226289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Evading apoptosis has been linked to tumor development and chemoresistance. One mechanism for this evasion is the overexpression of prosurvival B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family proteins, which gives cancer cells a survival advantage. Mcl-1, a member of the BCL-2 family, is among the most frequently amplified genes in cancer. Targeting myeloid cell leukemia-1 (MCL-1) protein is a successful strategy to induce apoptosis and overcome tumor resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapy. Various strategies to inhibit the antiapoptotic activity of MCL-1 protein, including transcription, translation, and the degradation of MCL-1 protein, have been tested. Neutralizing MCL-1's function by targeting its interactions with other proteins via BCL-2 interacting mediator (BIM)S2A has been shown to be an equally effective approach. Encouraged by the design of venetoclax and its efficacy in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, scientists have developed other BCL-2 homology (BH3) mimetics-particularly MCL-1 inhibitors (MCL-1i)-that are currently in clinical trials for various cancers. While extensive reviews of MCL-1i are available, critical analyses focusing on the challenges of MCL-1i and their optimization are lacking. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding clinically relevant MCL-1i and focus on predictive biomarkers of response, mechanisms of resistance, major issues associated with use of MCL-1i, and the future use of and maximization of the benefits from these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady I. Tantawy
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Natalia Timofeeva
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Aloke Sarkar
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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17
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Gao Y, Duan R, Li H, Jiang L, Tao T, Liu X, Zhu L, Li Z, Chen B, Zheng S, Lin X, Su W. Single-cell analysis of immune cells on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis. iScience 2023; 26:106729. [PMID: 37216113 PMCID: PMC10192653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have shown astonishing efficacy in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a lymph node single-cell transcriptomic atlas of GMSC-treated experimental autoimmune uveitis mice. GMSC exerted profound rescue effects on T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. GMSCs rescued the proportion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and increased the proportion of regulatory T cells. In addition to globally altered transcriptional factors (Fosb and Jund), we observed cell type-dependent gene regulation (e.g., Il17a and Rac1 in Th17 cells), highlighting the GMSCs' cell type-dependent immunomodulatory capacity. GMSCs strongly influenced the phenotypes of Th17 cells, suppressing the formation of the highly inflammatory CCR6-CCR2+ phenotype and enhancing the production of interleukin (IL) -10 in the CCR6+CCR2+ phenotype. Integration of the glucocorticoid-treated transcriptome suggests a more specific immunosuppressive effect of GMSCs on lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Runping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Loujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Tianyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Zhaohuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Songguo Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
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18
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Abd Mutalib N, Syed Mohamad SA, Jusril NA, Hasbullah NI, Mohd Amin MCI, Ismail NH. Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and Neuroprotection, What Is New? An Up-To-Date Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050712. [PMID: 37242494 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the potential role of probiotics has become prominent in the discoveries of neurotherapy against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) exhibit neuroprotective properties and exert their effects via various mechanisms of actions. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of LAB on neuroprotection reported in the literature. METHODS A database search on Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct revealed a total of 467 references, of which 25 were included in this review based on inclusion criteria which comprises 7 in vitro, 16 in vivo, and 2 clinical studies. RESULTS From the studies, LAB treatment alone or in probiotics formulations demonstrated significant neuroprotective activities. In animals and humans, LAB probiotics supplementation has improved memory and cognitive performance mainly via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. CONCLUSIONS Despite promising findings, due to limited studies available in the literature, further studies still need to be explored regarding synergistic effects, efficacy, and optimum dosage of LAB oral bacteriotherapy as treatment or prevention against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurliana Abd Mutalib
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah Aminah Syed Mohamad
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Atiqah Jusril
- Faculty Bioresources and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Nur Intan Hasbullah
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Negeri Sembilan, Kampus Kuala Pilah, Kuala Pilah 72000, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Cairul Iqbal Mohd Amin
- Centre for Drug Delivery Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Product Discovery, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Selangor, Puncak Alam 42300, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia
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19
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Vitale I, Pietrocola F, Guilbaud E, Aaronson SA, Abrams JM, Adam D, Agostini M, Agostinis P, Alnemri ES, Altucci L, Amelio I, Andrews DW, Aqeilan RI, Arama E, Baehrecke EH, Balachandran S, Bano D, Barlev NA, Bartek J, Bazan NG, Becker C, Bernassola F, Bertrand MJM, Bianchi ME, Blagosklonny MV, Blander JM, Blandino G, Blomgren K, Borner C, Bortner CD, Bove P, Boya P, Brenner C, Broz P, Brunner T, Damgaard RB, Calin GA, Campanella M, Candi E, Carbone M, Carmona-Gutierrez D, Cecconi F, Chan FKM, Chen GQ, Chen Q, Chen YH, Cheng EH, Chipuk JE, Cidlowski JA, Ciechanover A, Ciliberto G, Conrad M, Cubillos-Ruiz JR, Czabotar PE, D'Angiolella V, Daugaard M, Dawson TM, Dawson VL, De Maria R, De Strooper B, Debatin KM, Deberardinis RJ, Degterev A, Del Sal G, Deshmukh M, Di Virgilio F, Diederich M, Dixon SJ, Dynlacht BD, El-Deiry WS, Elrod JW, Engeland K, Fimia GM, Galassi C, Ganini C, Garcia-Saez AJ, Garg AD, Garrido C, Gavathiotis E, Gerlic M, Ghosh S, Green DR, Greene LA, Gronemeyer H, Häcker G, Hajnóczky G, Hardwick JM, Haupt Y, He S, Heery DM, Hengartner MO, Hetz C, Hildeman DA, Ichijo H, Inoue S, Jäättelä M, Janic A, Joseph B, Jost PJ, Kanneganti TD, Karin M, Kashkar H, Kaufmann T, Kelly GL, Kepp O, Kimchi A, Kitsis RN, Klionsky DJ, Kluck R, Krysko DV, Kulms D, Kumar S, Lavandero S, Lavrik IN, Lemasters JJ, Liccardi G, Linkermann A, Lipton SA, Lockshin RA, López-Otín C, Luedde T, MacFarlane M, Madeo F, Malorni W, Manic G, Mantovani R, Marchi S, Marine JC, Martin SJ, Martinou JC, Mastroberardino PG, Medema JP, Mehlen P, Meier P, Melino G, Melino S, Miao EA, Moll UM, Muñoz-Pinedo C, Murphy DJ, Niklison-Chirou MV, Novelli F, Núñez G, Oberst A, Ofengeim D, Opferman JT, Oren M, Pagano M, Panaretakis T, Pasparakis M, Penninger JM, Pentimalli F, Pereira DM, Pervaiz S, Peter ME, Pinton P, Porta G, Prehn JHM, Puthalakath H, Rabinovich GA, Rajalingam K, Ravichandran KS, Rehm M, Ricci JE, Rizzuto R, Robinson N, Rodrigues CMP, Rotblat B, Rothlin CV, Rubinsztein DC, Rudel T, Rufini A, Ryan KM, Sarosiek KA, Sawa A, Sayan E, Schroder K, Scorrano L, Sesti F, Shao F, Shi Y, Sica GS, Silke J, Simon HU, Sistigu A, Stephanou A, Stockwell BR, Strapazzon F, Strasser A, Sun L, Sun E, Sun Q, Szabadkai G, Tait SWG, Tang D, Tavernarakis N, Troy CM, Turk B, Urbano N, Vandenabeele P, Vanden Berghe T, Vander Heiden MG, Vanderluit JL, Verkhratsky A, Villunger A, von Karstedt S, Voss AK, Vousden KH, Vucic D, Vuri D, Wagner EF, Walczak H, Wallach D, Wang R, Wang Y, Weber A, Wood W, Yamazaki T, Yang HT, Zakeri Z, Zawacka-Pankau JE, Zhang L, Zhang H, Zhivotovsky B, Zhou W, Piacentini M, Kroemer G, Galluzzi L. Apoptotic cell death in disease-Current understanding of the NCCD 2023. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1097-1154. [PMID: 37100955 PMCID: PMC10130819 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01153-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is a form of regulated cell death (RCD) that involves proteases of the caspase family. Pharmacological and genetic strategies that experimentally inhibit or delay apoptosis in mammalian systems have elucidated the key contribution of this process not only to (post-)embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis, but also to the etiology of multiple human disorders. Consistent with this notion, while defects in the molecular machinery for apoptotic cell death impair organismal development and promote oncogenesis, the unwarranted activation of apoptosis promotes cell loss and tissue damage in the context of various neurological, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, infectious, neoplastic and inflammatory conditions. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) gathered to critically summarize an abundant pre-clinical literature mechanistically linking the core apoptotic apparatus to organismal homeostasis in the context of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilio Vitale
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy.
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy.
| | - Federico Pietrocola
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Emma Guilbaud
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Aaronson
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - John M Abrams
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Dieter Adam
- Institut für Immunologie, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Massimiliano Agostini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emad S Alnemri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
- BIOGEM, Avellino, Italy
| | - Ivano Amelio
- Division of Systems Toxicology, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - David W Andrews
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Biochemistry and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rami I Aqeilan
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Lautenberg Center for Immunology & Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada (IMRIC), Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Arama
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Siddharth Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniele Bano
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Nickolai A Barlev
- Department of Biomedicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolas G Bazan
- Neuroscience Center of Excellence, School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christoph Becker
- Department of Medicine 1, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Mathieu J M Bertrand
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marco E Bianchi
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, School of Medicine, Milan, Italy and Ospedale San Raffaele IRCSS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - J Magarian Blander
- Department of Medicine, Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Borner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Medical Faculty, Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carl D Bortner
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Pierluigi Bove
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Patricia Boya
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas Margarita Salas, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catherine Brenner
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Aspects métaboliques et systémiques de l'oncogénèse pour de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques, Villejuif, France
| | - Petr Broz
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Brunner
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Rune Busk Damgaard
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michelangelo Campanella
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London, UK
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, London, UK
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Carbone
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | | | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francis K-M Chan
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- State Key Lab of Oncogene and its related gene, Ren-Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youhai H Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Emily H Cheng
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jerry E Chipuk
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - John A Cidlowski
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aaron Ciechanover
- The Technion-Integrated Cancer Center, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | | | - Marcus Conrad
- Helmholtz Munich, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Juan R Cubillos-Ruiz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter E Czabotar
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering and the Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ruggero De Maria
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Bart De Strooper
- VIB Centre for Brain & Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Klaus-Michael Debatin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ralph J Deberardinis
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Children's Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Alexei Degterev
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giannino Del Sal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Area Science Park-Padriciano, Trieste, Italy
- IFOM ETS, the AIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mohanish Deshmukh
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Marc Diederich
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Scott J Dixon
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Brian D Dynlacht
- Department of Pathology, New York University Cancer Institute, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wafik S El-Deiry
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Brown University and the Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, RI, USA
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gian Maria Fimia
- Department of Epidemiology, Preclinical Research and Advanced Diagnostics, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carlo Ganini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Dermopatic Institute of Immaculate (IDI) IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ana J Garcia-Saez
- CECAD, Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Abhishek D Garg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM, UMR, 1231, Dijon, France
- Faculty of Medicine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
- Anti-cancer Center Georges-François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Evripidis Gavathiotis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Motti Gerlic
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler school of Medicine, Tel Aviv university, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sourav Ghosh
- Department of Neurology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas R Green
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lloyd A Greene
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hinrich Gronemeyer
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - György Hajnóczky
- MitoCare Center, Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Marie Hardwick
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmacology, Oncology and Neurology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ygal Haupt
- VITTAIL Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sudan He
- Institute of Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Suzhou Institute of Systems Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - David M Heery
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - David A Hildeman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hidenori Ichijo
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ana Janic
- Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bertrand Joseph
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Philipp J Jost
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Michael Karin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- CECAD Research Center, Institute for Molecular Immunology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
| | - Adi Kimchi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Richard N Kitsis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ruth Kluck
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Lab, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dagmar Kulms
- Department of Dermatology, Experimental Dermatology, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases Dresden, TU-Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sergio Lavandero
- Universidad de Chile, Facultad Ciencias Quimicas y Farmaceuticas & Facultad Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Division, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Inna N Lavrik
- Translational Inflammation Research, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - John J Lemasters
- Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Gianmaria Liccardi
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine 3, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart A Lipton
- Neurodegeneration New Medicines Center and Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biology, Queens College of the City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
- St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, USA
| | - Carlos López-Otín
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología (IUOPA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Tom Luedde
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marion MacFarlane
- Medical Research Council Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Madeo
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
- Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Global Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gwenola Manic
- IIGM - Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine, c/o IRCSS Candiolo, Torino, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO -IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
| | - Roberto Mantovani
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Marchi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jean-Christophe Marine
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Pier G Mastroberardino
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- IFOM-ETS The AIRC Institute for Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Jan Paul Medema
- Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Mehlen
- Apoptosis, Cancer, and Development Laboratory, Equipe labellisée 'La Ligue', LabEx DEVweCAN, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, INSERM U1052-CNRS UMR5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Meier
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robins Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Sonia Melino
- Department of Chemical Science and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Edward A Miao
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ute M Moll
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cristina Muñoz-Pinedo
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Daniel J Murphy
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Flavia Novelli
- Thoracic Oncology, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Gabriel Núñez
- Department of Pathology and Rogel Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Dimitry Ofengeim
- Rare and Neuroscience Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joseph T Opferman
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Moshe Oren
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Michele Pagano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theocharis Panaretakis
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of GU Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Josef M Penninger
- IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - David M Pereira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shazib Pervaiz
- Department of Physiology, YLL School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Cancer Institute, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
- ISEP, NUS Graduate School, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Marcus E Peter
- Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Porta
- Center of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Hamsa Puthalakath
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabriel A Rabinovich
- Laboratorio de Glicomedicina. Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Kodi S Ravichandran
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Division of Immunobiology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Cell Clearance, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jean-Ehrland Ricci
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, C3M, Equipe labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Nice, France
| | - Rosario Rizzuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Department of Life sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
- The NIBN, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Carla V Rothlin
- Department of Immunobiology and Department of Pharmacology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Microbiology Biocentre, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alessandro Rufini
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- University of Leicester, Leicester Cancer Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Kevin M Ryan
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Lab of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Program in Therapeutics Science, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Johns Hopkins Schizophrenia Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emre Sayan
- Faculty of Medicine, Cancer Sciences Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kate Schroder
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Luca Scorrano
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Sesti
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yufang Shi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Giuseppe S Sica
- Department of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hans-Uwe Simon
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Biochemistry, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flavie Strapazzon
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
- Univ Lyon, Univ Lyon 1, Physiopathologie et Génétique du Neurone et du Muscle, UMR5261, U1315, Institut NeuroMyogène CNRS, INSERM, Lyon, France
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Erwei Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Sun
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Consortium for Mitochondrial Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W G Tait
- School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Nektarios Tavernarakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Carol M Troy
- Departments of Pathology & Cell Biology and Neurology, Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Boris Turk
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Department of Oncohaematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tom Vanden Berghe
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Infla-Med Centre of Excellence, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andreas Villunger
- Institute for Developmental Immunology, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- The Research Center for Molecular Medicine (CeMM) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Vienna, Austria
- The Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Rare and Undiagnosed Diseases (LBI-RUD), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia von Karstedt
- Department of Translational Genomics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anne K Voss
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Domagoj Vucic
- Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Vuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, TOR, Rome, Italy
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Henning Walczak
- Center for Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Wallach
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ruoning Wang
- Center for Childhood Cancer and Blood Diseases, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Achim Weber
- University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
- University of Zurich, Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Will Wood
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Takahiro Yamazaki
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huang-Tian Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Queens College and Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, NY, USA
| | - Joanna E Zawacka-Pankau
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Biophysics and p53 protein biology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Haibing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Boris Zhivotovsky
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenzhao Zhou
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China
- Research Unit of Cell Death Mechanism, 2021RU008, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases IRCCS "Lazzaro Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Université Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Institut du Cancer Paris CARPEM, Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Lorenzo Galluzzi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Wedam R, Greer YE, Wisniewski DJ, Weltz S, Kundu M, Voeller D, Lipkowitz S. Targeting Mitochondria with ClpP Agonists as a Novel Therapeutic Opportunity in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15071936. [PMID: 37046596 PMCID: PMC10093243 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy worldwide and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Despite the recent development of new therapeutics including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, triple-negative breast cancer remains an aggressive form of breast cancer, and thus improved treatments are needed. In recent decades, it has become increasingly clear that breast cancers harbor metabolic plasticity that is controlled by mitochondria. A myriad of studies provide evidence that mitochondria are essential to breast cancer progression. Mitochondria in breast cancers are widely reprogrammed to enhance energy production and biosynthesis of macromolecules required for tumor growth. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of mitochondrial roles in breast cancers and elucidate why mitochondria are a rational therapeutic target. We will then outline the status of the use of mitochondria-targeting drugs in breast cancers, and highlight ClpP agonists as emerging mitochondria-targeting drugs with a unique mechanism of action. We also illustrate possible drug combination strategies and challenges in the future breast cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wedam
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yoshimi Endo Greer
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David J Wisniewski
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sarah Weltz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manjari Kundu
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Donna Voeller
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Stanley Lipkowitz
- Women's Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Kuduvalli SS, Daisy PS, Vaithy A, Purushothaman M, Ramachandran Muralidharan A, Agiesh KB, Mezger M, Antony JS, Subramani M, Dubashi B, Biswas I, Guruprasad KP, Anitha TS. A combination of metformin and epigallocatechin gallate potentiates glioma chemotherapy in vivo. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1096614. [PMID: 37025487 PMCID: PMC10070706 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1096614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma is the most devastating high-grade tumor of the central nervous system, with dismal prognosis. Existing treatment modality does not provide substantial benefit to patients and demands novel strategies. One of the first-line treatments for glioma, temozolomide, provides marginal benefit to glioma patients. Repurposing of existing non-cancer drugs to treat oncology patients is gaining momentum in recent years. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic benefits of combining three repurposed drugs, namely, metformin (anti-diabetic) and epigallocatechin gallate (green tea-derived antioxidant) together with temozolomide in a glioma-induced xenograft rat model. Our triple-drug combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo and increased the survival rate (50%) of rats when compared with individual or dual treatments. Molecular and cellular analyses revealed that our triple-drug cocktail treatment inhibited glioma tumor growth in rat model through ROS-mediated inactivation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, arrest of the cell cycle at G1 phase and induction of molecular mechanisms of caspases-dependent apoptosis.In addition, the docking analysis and quantum mechanics studies performed here hypothesize that the effect of triple-drug combination could have been attributed by their difference in molecular interactions, that maybe due to varying electrostatic potential. Thus, repurposing metformin and epigallocatechin gallate and concurrent administration with temozolomide would serve as a prospective therapy in glioma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas S. Kuduvalli
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Precilla S. Daisy
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Anandraj Vaithy
- Department of Pathology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | | | - Arumugam Ramachandran Muralidharan
- Department of Visual Neurosciences, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Eye-APC, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kumar B. Agiesh
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - Markus Mezger
- University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Department of General Paediatrics, Haematology /Oncology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justin S. Antony
- University Children’s Hospital Tübingen, Department of General Paediatrics, Haematology /Oncology, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Biswajit Dubashi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Indrani Biswas
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
| | - K. P. Guruprasad
- Department of Ageing Research, Manipal School of Life Sciences, MAHE, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - T. S. Anitha
- Mahatma Gandhi Medical Advanced Research Institute (MGMARI), Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to-be University), Puducherry, India
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22
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Shibabaw T, Teferi B, Ayelign B. The role of Th-17 cells and IL-17 in the metastatic spread of breast cancer: As a means of prognosis and therapeutic target. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1094823. [PMID: 36993955 PMCID: PMC10040566 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1094823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is one of the most common and well-known causes of death for women worldwide. The inflammatory tumor cell and other cancer hallmarks dictate the metastatic form and dissemination of breast cancer. Taking these into account, from various components of the tumor microenvironment, a pro-inflammatory infiltrative cell known as Th-17 plays an immense role in breast cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and metastasis. It has been demonstrated that IL-17, a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine generated by Th-17, is upregulated in a metastatic form of breast cancer. Recent research updates stated that chronic inflammation and mediators like cytokines and chemokines are causative hallmarks in many human cancers, including breast cancer. Therefore, IL-17 and its multiple downward signaling molecules are the centers of research attention to develop potent treatment options for cancer. They provide information on the role of IL-17-activated MAPK, which results in tumor cell proliferation and metastasis via NF-kB-mediated expression of MMP signaling. Overall, this review article emphasizes IL-17A and its intermediate signaling molecules, such as ERK1/2, NF-kB, MMPs, and VEGF, as potential molecular targets for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tewodros Shibabaw
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Banchamlak Teferi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Ayelign
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Research School of Biology, College of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- *Correspondence: Birhanu Ayelign,
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23
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Recent Advances in Green Metallic Nanoparticles for Enhanced Drug Delivery in Photodynamic Therapy: A Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054808. [PMID: 36902238 PMCID: PMC10003542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is one of the leading causes of death among men and women, it is characterized by the unregulated proliferation of tumor cells. Some of the common risk factors associated with cancer development include the consistent exposure of body cells to carcinogenic agents such as alcohol, tobacco, toxins, gamma rays and alpha particles. Besides the above-mentioned risk factors, conventional therapies such as radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have also been linked to the development of cancer. Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been invested in the synthesis of eco-friendly green metallic nanoparticles (NPs), and their medical application. Comparatively, metallic NPs have greater advantages over conventional therapies. Additionally, metallic NPs can be functionalized with different targeting moieties e.g., liposomes, antibodies, folic acid, transferrin, and carbohydrates. Herein, we review and discuss the synthesis, and therapeutic potential of green synthesized metallic NPs for enhanced cancer photodynamic therapy (PDT). Finally, the advantages of green hybridized activatable NPs over conventional photosensitizers (PSs) and the future perspectives of nanotechnology in cancer research are discussed in the review. Furthermore, we anticipate that the insights offered in this review will inspire the design and development of green nano-formulations for enhanced image-guided PDT in cancer treatment.
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24
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C de S Ribeiro B, V de C Faria R, de S Nogueira J, Santos Valença S, Chen L, Romana-Souza B. Olive oil promotes the survival and migration of dermal fibroblasts through Nrf2 pathway activation. Lipids 2023; 58:59-68. [PMID: 36289559 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Olive oil has beneficial effects on skin wound healing due to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties; however, the mechanism by which olive oil promotes wound healing is unclear. We evaluated the mechanisms involved in Nrf2 pathway activation by olive oil and its role in cell survival and migration in mouse dermal fibroblasts in a short-term exposition. Our data demonstrated that olive oil and oleic acid promoted reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while olive oil and hydroxytyrosol stimulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. Olive oil-mediated ROS production increased nuclear factor kappa B p65 expression, while olive oil-stimulated reactive nitrogen species production augmented the levels of Nrf2. Olive oil augmented cell proliferation, cell migration, and AKT phosphorylation, but decreased apoptotic cell number and cleaved caspase-3 levels. The effect of olive oil on cell migration and protein levels of AKT, BCL-2, and Nrf2 were reversed by an Nrf2 inhibitor. In conclusion, the activation of the Nrf2 pathway by olive oil promotes the survival and migration of dermal fibroblasts that are essential for the resolution of skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca C de S Ribeiro
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Regina V de C Faria
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jeane de S Nogueira
- Histocompatibility and Cryopreservation Laboratory, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samuel Santos Valença
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lin Chen
- Center for Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruna Romana-Souza
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Kaloni D, Diepstraten ST, Strasser A, Kelly GL. BCL-2 protein family: attractive targets for cancer therapy. Apoptosis 2023; 28:20-38. [PMID: 36342579 PMCID: PMC9950219 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01780-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Acquired resistance to cell death is a hallmark of cancer. The BCL-2 protein family members play important roles in controlling apoptotic cell death. Abnormal over-expression of pro-survival BCL-2 family members or abnormal reduction of pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins, both resulting in the inhibition of apoptosis, are frequently detected in diverse malignancies. The critical role of the pro-survival and pro-apoptotic BCL-2 family proteins in the regulation of apoptosis makes them attractive targets for the development of agents for the treatment of cancer. This review describes the roles of the various pro-survival and pro-apoptotic members of the BCL-2 protein family in normal development and organismal function and how defects in the control of apoptosis promote the development and therapy resistance of cancer. Finally, we discuss the development of inhibitors of pro-survival BCL-2 proteins, termed BH3-mimetic drugs, as novel agents for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Kaloni
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Sarah T Diepstraten
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC Australia ,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC Australia
| | - Gemma L Kelly
- Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Soliman NA, Abdel Ghafar MT, AbuoHashish NA, Ibrahim MA, Eid AM, El-Gohary RM, Abo El Gheit RE, Elshamy AM. The Possible Role of Naringenin in the Prevention of Alcohol-Induced Neurochemical and Neurobehavioral Deficits. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:537-550. [PMID: 36242717 PMCID: PMC9892097 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03775-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol consumption is associated with progressive/irreversible neurodegeneration. However, there is not a clear understanding of its discrete pathophysiology or therapeutic intervention. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of the natural citrus flavonoid, naringenin (NAG), against alcohol-induced neurodegeneration in the brain cerebral cortex. Thirty-two male albino rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (eight rats each): control group (I); NAG-treated group (II); alcohol-intoxicated group (III) and alcohol + NAG co-treated group (IV). Brain nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 expression were assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 activity and malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, mixed lineage kinase-like protein, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and ciliary neurotrophic factor levels were all measured biochemically. B-cell lymphoma 2 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry. A histopathological examination and neurobehavioral tests were performed. The alcohol-treated group showed a significant increase in oxidative stress and necroptosis biomarkers with a significant reduction in neuroprotective proteins. NAG co-administration effectively ameliorated cognitive dysfunction with an apparent neuroprotective effect by targeting various signaling pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1, anti-oxidant capacity, attenuated necroptosis, and upregulated neuroprotective ciliary neurotrophic factor. The study findings suggest NAG as a possible management strategy for alcohol-induced neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nema A Soliman
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Muhammad T Abdel Ghafar
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Aljaysh St, Medical Campus, Tanta, 31511, Egypt.
| | | | - Marwa A Ibrahim
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M Eid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Rehab M El-Gohary
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Amira M Elshamy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Relaxin inhibits 177Lu-EDTMP associated cell death in osteosarcoma cells through notch-1 pathway. ACTA PHARMACEUTICA (ZAGREB, CROATIA) 2022; 72:575-585. [PMID: 36651368 DOI: 10.2478/acph-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
177Lu-EDTMP (Ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid) is the most used radioactive agent for pain palliation in bone cancer patients. The present study aims to study the impact of relaxin-2 on the 177Lu-EDTMP associated cell toxicity and death in osteosarcoma cells. MG63 and Saos-2 cells were cultured with 177Lu-EDTMP (37 MBq) for 24 h with and without pretreatment of recombinant relaxin 2 (RLXH2) for 12 and 24 h. 177Lu-EDTMP associated cellular deterioration and death was determined by LDH, MTT, and trypan blue dye assays. ELISA-based kit was used to determine apoptotic DNA fragmentation. Western blotting was used to determine expression levels of apoptotic-related signalling pathway proteins like bcl2, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). Our results found that RLXH2 counters 177Lu-EDTMP associated cellular toxicity. Similarly, RLXH2 was able to counter 177Lu-EDTMP induced cell death in a concentration and time--dependent manner. Furthermore, it was found that RLXH2 treatment prevents apoptosis in 177Lu-EDTMP challenged cells through activation of the notch-1 pathway in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. We reported that RLXH2 significantly declined cellular toxicity and apoptosis associated with 177Lu-EDTMP in MG63 and Saos-2 cells through the notch-1 pathway.
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Ventura PMO, Gakovic M, Fischer BA, Spinelli L, Rota G, Pathak S, Khameneh HJ, Zenobi A, Thomson S, Birchmeier W, Cantrell DA, Guarda G. Concomitant deletion of Ptpn6 and Ptpn11 in T cells fails to improve anticancer responses. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55399. [PMID: 36194675 PMCID: PMC9638855 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Anticancer T cells acquire a dysfunctional state characterized by poor effector function and expression of inhibitory receptors, such as PD-1. Blockade of PD-1 leads to T cell reinvigoration and is increasingly applied as an effective anticancer treatment. Recent work challenged the commonly held view that the phosphatase PTPN11 (known as SHP-2) is essential for PD-1 signaling in T cells, suggesting functional redundancy with the homologous phosphatase PTPN6 (SHP-1). Therefore, we investigated the effect of concomitant Ptpn6 and Ptpn11 deletion in T cells on their ability to mount antitumour responses. In vivo data show that neither sustained nor acute Ptpn6/11 deletion improves T cell-mediated tumor control. Sustained loss of Ptpn6/11 also impairs the therapeutic effects of anti-PD1 treatment. In vitro results show that Ptpn6/11-deleted CD8+ T cells exhibit impaired expansion due to a survival defect and proteomics analyses reveal substantial alterations, including in apoptosis-related pathways. These data indicate that concomitant ablation of Ptpn6/11 in polyclonal T cells fails to improve their anticancer properties, implying that caution shall be taken when considering their inhibition for immunotherapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro M O Ventura
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Milica Gakovic
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Berenice A Fischer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Laura Spinelli
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Giorgia Rota
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Shalini Pathak
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hanif J Khameneh
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Zenobi
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Thomson
- Biological Services, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Walter Birchmeier
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen A Cantrell
- Cell Signalling and Immunology Division, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Greta Guarda
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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In Vitro Cell Death Mechanisms Induced by Dicoma anomala Root Extract in Combination with ZnPcS 4 Mediated-Photodynamic Therapy in A549 Lung Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203288. [PMID: 36291155 PMCID: PMC9600060 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer has remained the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in men and women. To enhance photodynamic therapeutic effects in vitro, the present study was designed to reduce dose-dependence in photodynamic therapy (PDT) and evaluate the anticancer effects of Dicoma anomala (D. anomala) root extracts (i.e., chloroform (Chl), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), and methanol (MeOH)) on A549 lung cancer cells. The most active extract of D. anomala (D.A) was used to establish the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), which was further used to evaluate the anticancer efficacy of D.A in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT IC50. The study further evaluated cell death mechanisms by cell viability/ cytotoxicity (LIVE/DEADTM assay), flow cytometry (Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-propidium iodide (PI) staining), immunofluorescence (p38, p53, Bax, and caspase 3 expressions), and fluorometric multiplex assay (caspase 8 and 9) 24 h post-treatment with IC50 concentrations of ZnPcS4-mediated PDT and D.A MeOH root extract. Morphological changes were accompanied by a dose-dependent increase in cytotoxicity, decrease in viability, and proliferation in all experimental models. Apoptosis is the highly favored cell death mechanism observed in combination therapy groups. Apoptotic activities were supported by an increase in the number of dead cells in the LIVE/DEADTM assay, and the upregulation of p38, p53, Bax, caspase 3, 8, and 9 apoptotic proteins. In vitro experiments confirmed the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of D.A root extracts in monotherapy and in combination with ZnPcS4-mediated PDT. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that D.A could be a promising therapeutic candidate worth exploring in different types of cancer.
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Kulyar MFEA, Yao W, Mo Q, Ding Y, Zhang Y, Gao J, Li K, Pan H, Nawaz S, Shahzad M, Mehmood K, Iqbal M, Akhtar M, Bhutta ZA, Waqas M, Li J, Qi D. Regulatory Role of Apoptotic and Inflammasome Related Proteins and Their Possible Functional Aspect in Thiram Associated Tibial Dyschondroplasia of Poultry. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162028. [PMID: 36009620 PMCID: PMC9404426 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibial dyschondroplasia debilities apoptotic and inflammasomal conditions that can further destroy chondrocytes. Inflammasomes are specialized protein complexes that process pro-inflammatory cytokines, e.g., interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. Moreover, there is mounting evidence that many of the signaling molecules that govern programmed cell death also affect inflammasome activation in a cell-intrinsic way. During the last decade, apoptotic functions have been described for signaling molecules involving inflammatory responses and cell death pathways. Considering these exceptional developments in the knowledge of processes, this review gives a glimpse of the significance of these two pathways and their connected proteins in tibial dyschondroplasia. The current review deeply elaborates on the elevated level of signaling mediators of mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and the inflammasome. Although investigating these pathways’ mechanisms has made significant progress, this review identifies areas where more study is especially required. It might lead to developing innovative therapeutics for tibial dyschondroplasia and other associated bone disorders, e.g., osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, where apoptosis and inflammasome are the significant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Wangyuan Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yanmei Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jindong Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Kewei Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huachun Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mudassar Iqbal
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zeeshan Ahmad Bhutta
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Pakistan
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi 860000, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.Q.)
| | - Desheng Qi
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: (J.L.); (D.Q.)
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Verburg SG, Lelievre RM, Westerveld MJ, Inkol JM, Sun YL, Workenhe ST. Viral-mediated activation and inhibition of programmed cell death. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010718. [PMID: 35951530 PMCID: PMC9371342 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses are ubiquitous intracellular genetic parasites that heavily rely on the infected cell to complete their replication life cycle. This dependency on the host machinery forces viruses to modulate a variety of cellular processes including cell survival and cell death. Viruses are known to activate and block almost all types of programmed cell death (PCD) known so far. Modulating PCD in infected hosts has a variety of direct and indirect effects on viral pathogenesis and antiviral immunity. The mechanisms leading to apoptosis following virus infection is widely studied, but several modalities of PCD, including necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and paraptosis, are relatively understudied. In this review, we cover the mechanisms by which viruses activate and inhibit PCDs and suggest perspectives on how these affect viral pathogenesis and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayla Grace Verburg
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | | | | | - Jordon Marcus Inkol
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Yi Lin Sun
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Samuel Tekeste Workenhe
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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Hypoxia Induces Autophagy in Human Dendritic Cells: Involvement of Class III PI3K/Vps34. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101695. [PMID: 35626732 PMCID: PMC9139568 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a component of both physiological and pathological conditions, including inflammation, solid tumors, and lymphoid tissues, where O2 demand is not balanced by O2 supply. During their lifespan, dendritic cells (DCs) are exposed to different pO2 and activate different adaptive responses, including autophagy, to preserve their viability and functions. Autophagy plays multiple roles in DC physiology. Very recently, we demonstrated that hypoxia shapes autophagy in DCs upon their differentiation state. Here, we proposed a role for PI3Ks, and especially class III PI3K/Vps34, that could be relevant in hypoxia-induced autophagy, in either immature or mature DCs. Hypoxia inhibited mTOR phosphorylation and activated a pro-autophagic program. By using different pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrated that hypoxia-induced autophagy was mediated by PI3Ks, especially by Vps34. Furthermore, Vps34 expression was enhanced by LPS, a TLR4 ligand, along with the promotion of autophagy under hypoxia. The Vps34 inhibitor, SAR405, abolished hypoxia-induced autophagy, inhibited pro-survival signaling and viability, and increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Our results underlined the impact of autophagy in the maintenance of DC homeostasis at both cell survival and inflammatory response levels, therefore, contributing to a better understanding of the significance of autophagy in DC physiology and pathology.
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Montero J, Haq R. Adapted to Survive: Targeting Cancer Cells with BH3 Mimetics. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:1217-1232. [PMID: 35491624 PMCID: PMC9306285 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of cancer is cell death evasion, underlying suboptimal responses to chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapies. The approval of the antiapoptotic BCL2 antagonist venetoclax has finally validated the potential of targeting apoptotic pathways in patients with cancer. Nevertheless, pharmacologic modulators of cell death have shown markedly varied responses in preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we review emerging concepts in the use of this class of therapies. Building on these observations, we propose that treatment-induced changes in apoptotic dependency, rather than pretreatment dependencies, will need to be recognized and targeted to realize the precise deployment of these new pharmacologic agents. SIGNIFICANCE Targeting antiapoptotic family members has proven efficacious and tolerable in some cancers, but responses are infrequent, particularly for patients with solid tumors. Biomarkers to aid patient selection have been lacking. Precision functional approaches that overcome adaptive resistance to these compounds could drive durable responses to chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Montero
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.,Corresponding Authors: Rizwan Haq, Department of Medical Oncology M423A, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-632-6168; E-mail: ; and Joan Montero, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Phone: 34-93-403-9956; E-mail:
| | - Rizwan Haq
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Corresponding Authors: Rizwan Haq, Department of Medical Oncology M423A, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215. Phone: 617-632-6168; E-mail: ; and Joan Montero, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), c/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Phone: 34-93-403-9956; E-mail:
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Logan M, Rinas K, McConkey B, Aucoin MG. Vero cells gain renal tubule markers in low-calcium and magnesium chemically defined media. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6180. [PMID: 35418617 PMCID: PMC9008052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10221-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a chemically defined, animal component-free media was developed to promote Vero growth in suspension. Key media compounds were screened using Plackett–Burman styled experiments to create a media formulation to support suspension growth. Vero cells remained viable in suspension, but their growth rate was extremely low, conversely, other cell types such as CHO-K1, MDCK and HEK293T were able to grow in single cell suspension in the same media. To investigate the slow growth of Vero cells, RNA-seq analysis was conducted. Vero cells were cultured in three different conditions: adherently in serum-containing medium, adherently in in-house medium, and in suspension in low calcium and magnesium in-house medium. This study illustrates that adherent cells maintain similar gene expression, while the suspension phenotype tends to overexpress genes related to renal tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Logan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Karsten Rinas
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Brendan McConkey
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Marc G Aucoin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Han SH, Lee JH, Woo JS, Jung GH, Jung SH, Han EJ, Kim B, Cho SD, Nam JS, Che JH, Jung JY. Myricetin induces apoptosis and autophagy in human gastric cancer cells through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09309. [PMID: 35521506 PMCID: PMC9065623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Myricetin, a natural flavonoid present in berries, nuts, and green tea, is well-known for its anticancer properties. Even though several previous studies have reported the anticancer effects induced by myricetin, these effects have not yet been confirmed in the adenocarcinoma gastric cell line (AGS). Moreover, the exact mechanisms of myricetin-induced apoptosis and autophagy have not been clearly identified either. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the role of myricetin in inducing apoptosis and autophagy in AGS gastric cancer cells. First, the survival rate of AGS gastric cancer cells was assessed using the 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cell viability assay. Thereafter, the rate of apoptosis was analyzed using4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining as well as annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) staining, and the expression of the proteins associated with apoptosis, PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and autophagy was examined by western blotting. We observed that myricetin reduced the survival rate of AGS gastric cancer cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, thereby inducing apoptosis and autophagy. Similar results were also obtained in vivo, and tumor growth was inhibited. Therefore, in the AGS gastric cancer cells, myricetin seems to inhibit the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, which in turn leads to apoptosis in vitroand in vivo, cell-protective autophagy, as well as inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. These results indicate the potential of myricetin as a natural anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Han Lee
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Seok Woo
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi-Hwan Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Hyun Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Han
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Dae Cho
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Seok Nam
- Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Che
- Biomedical Center for Animal Resource Development, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Jung
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Madhavan K, Balakrishnan I, Lakshmanachetty S, Pierce A, Sanford B, Fosmire S, Elajaili HB, Walker F, Wang D, Nozik ES, Mitra SS, Dahl NA, Vibhakar R, Venkataraman S. Venetoclax cooperates with ionizing radiation to attenuate Diffuse Midline Glioma tumor growth. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:2409-2424. [PMID: 35344040 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-4002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor relapse after radiation therapy (RT) is a major hurdle in treating pediatric H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs). RT-induced stress increases association of BCL2 family of proteins with BH3 pro-apoptotic activators preventing apoptosis. We hypothesized that inhibition of RT-induced BCL2 with a clinically relevant inhibitor, venetoclax, will block BCL2 activity leading to increased apoptosis. BCL2 has never been implicated in DMG as a RT-induced resistant mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed an integrated genomic analysis to determine genes responsible for radioresistance and a targeted drug screen to identify drugs that synergize with radiation in DMG. Effect of venetoclax on radiation-na�ve and 6Gy radiation on cells was evaluated by studying cell death, changes in BCL2 phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and apoptosis, as well as BCL2 association with BH3 apoptosis initiators. The efficacy of combining venetoclax with radiation was evaluated in vivo using orthotopic xenograft models. RESULTS BCL2 was identified as a key regulator of tumor growth after radiation in DMGs. Radiation sensitizes DMGs to venetoclax treatment independent of p53 status. Venetoclax as a monotherapy was not cytotoxic to DMG cells. Post-radiation venetoclax treatment significantly increased cell death, reduced BCL2-BIM association and augmented mitochondrial ROS leading to increased apoptosis. Combining venetoclax with RT significantly enhanced the survival of mice with DMG tumors. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that venetoclax impedes the anti-apoptotic function of radiation-induced BCL2 in DMG leading to increased apoptosis. Results from these pre-clinical studies demonstrate the potential use of the BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax, combined with RT for pediatric DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Madhavan
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | | | | | - Angela Pierce
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Bridget Sanford
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, United States
| | - Susan Fosmire
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Hanan B Elajaili
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Faye Walker
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Eva S Nozik
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Siddhartha S Mitra
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Nathan A Dahl
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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Robertson SJ, Best SM. The domiNO effect turns macrophage activation deadly. Immunity 2022; 55:382-384. [PMID: 35263563 PMCID: PMC9616533 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage activation is essential for effective immunity to infection but can also contribute to disease through incompletely understood mechanisms. In this issue of Immunity, Simpson et al. reveal that death of activated macrophages integrates extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of apoptosis that contribute to damaging host responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelly J Robertson
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Sonja M Best
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA.
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Zehnle PMA, Wu Y, Pommerening H, Erlacher M. Stayin‘ alive: BCL-2 proteins in the hematopoietic system. Exp Hematol 2022; 110:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chau MJ, Quintero JE, Monje PV, Voss SR, Welleford AS, Gerhardt GA, van Horne CG. Using a Transection Paradigm to Enhance the Repair Mechanisms of an Investigational Human Cell Therapy. Cell Transplant 2022; 31:9636897221123515. [PMID: 36169034 PMCID: PMC9523845 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221123515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
One promising strategy in cell therapies for Parkinson’s disease (PD) is to harness a patient’s own cells to provide neuroprotection in areas of the brain affected by neurodegeneration. No treatment exists to replace cells in the brain. Thus, our goal has been to support sick neurons and slow neurodegeneration by transplanting living repair tissue from the peripheral nervous system into the substantia nigra of those with PD. Our group has pioneered the transplantation of transection-activated sural nerve fascicles into the brain of human subjects with PD. Our experience in sural nerve transplantation has supported the safety and feasibility of this approach. As part of a paradigm to assess the reparative properties of human sural nerve following a transection injury, we collected nerve tissue approximately 2 weeks after sural nerve transection for immunoassays from 15 participants, and collected samples from two additional participants for single nuclei RNA sequencing. We quantified the expression of key neuroprotective and select anti-apoptotic genes along with their corresponding protein levels using immunoassays. The single nuclei data clustered into 10 distinctive groups defined on the basis of previously published cell type-specific genes. Transection-induced reparative peripheral nerve tissue showed RNA expression of neuroprotective factors and anti-apoptotic factors across multiple cell types after nerve injury induction. Key proteins of interest (BDNF, GDNF, beta-NGF, PDGFB, and VEGF) were upregulated in reparative tissue. These results provide insight on this repair tissue’s utility as a neuroprotective cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica J Chau
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jorge E Quintero
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Paula V Monje
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stephen Randal Voss
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Andrew S Welleford
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Greg A Gerhardt
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Craig G van Horne
- Brain Restoration Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Shi M, Guo H, Bai Y, Niu J, Niu X, Sun K, Chen Y. Upregulated mitosis-associated genes CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5 predict poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancer Biomark 2022; 35:11-25. [PMID: 35634845 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-203170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitosis-associated genes are dysregulated in many types of cancers and play important roles in disease progression and chemotherapy resistance. However, their expression and functions in chemotherapy-resistant Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) are still largely undetermined. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the roles of spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) genes CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5 in chemotherapy-resistant AML. METHODS RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed in patients with chemotherapy-resistant AML and chemotherapy-sensitive AML. AML mRNA data from 151 patients with recurrence were downloaded from TCGA. Integrated analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), GO and KEGG pathways. CENPE, CENPF, or DLGAP5 knockdown cell lines were used to analyse proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle alterations. RESULTS A total of 87 DEGs (48 upregulated and 39 downregulated) were obtained through gene analysis of R/R-AML and a total of 329 DEGs (202 upregulated and 127 downregulated) were obtained in refractory S-AML. Upregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in cell cycle (GO: 0007049, hsa04110) and mitotic cell cycle (GO: 0000278) processes and pathway. Venn diagram analysis identified the most upregulated DEGs (including CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5) in chemoresistant AML. The expression of CENPE, CENPF and DLGAP5 in R-AML (TCGA) was significantly higher than that of primary AML (GEO). The proliferation of K562 cells after CENPE and DLGAP5 knockdown was significantly decreased (P= 0.0001 and P= 0.0006). In THP-1 cells, the CCK-8 values after CENPE, CENPF and DLGAP5 knockdown were significantly decreased (P= 0.01, P= 0.0395 and P= 0.0362). Knockdown of CENPE, CENPF and DLGAP5 significantly increased cell apoptosis by regulating Caspase-9, BAX, TP-53 and bcl-2, and induced cell cycle arrested by regulating CDK1, CDK2, CDKN1A, and CyclinD1. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the mitotic cell cycle-associated genes CENPE, CENPF, and DLGAP5 were upregulated in chemotherapy-resistant AML patients and might be useful for predicting poor prognosis.
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Ludwig LM, Hawley KM, Banks DB, Thomas-Toth AT, Blazar BR, McNerney ME, Leverson JD, LaBelle JL. Venetoclax imparts distinct cell death sensitivity and adaptivity patterns in T cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1005. [PMID: 34707089 PMCID: PMC8551340 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04285-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BH3 mimetics are increasingly used as anti-cancer therapeutics either alone or in conjunction with other chemotherapies. However, mounting evidence has also demonstrated that BH3 mimetics modulate varied amounts of apoptotic signaling in healthy immune populations. In order to maximize their clinical potential, it will be essential to understand how BH3 mimetics affect discrete immune populations and to determine how BH3 mimetic pressure causes immune system adaptation. Here we focus on the BCL-2 specific inhibitor venetoclax (ABT-199) and its effects following short-term and long-term BCL-2 blockade on T cell subsets. Seven day "short-term" ex vivo and in vivo BCL-2 inhibition led to divergent cell death sensitivity patterns in CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and Tregs resulting in shifting of global T cell populations towards a more memory T cell state with increased expression of BCL-2, BCL-XL, and MCL-1. However, twenty-eight day "long-term" BCL-2 blockade following T cell-depleted bone marrow transplantation did not lead to changes in the global T cell landscape. Despite the lack of changes in T cell proportions, animals treated with venetoclax developed CD8+ and CD4+ T cells with high levels of BCL-2 and were more resistant to apoptotic stimuli following expansion post-transplant. Further, we demonstrate through RNA profiling that T cells adapt while under BCL-2 blockade post-transplant and develop a more activated genotype. Taken together, these data emphasize the importance of evaluating how BH3 mimetics affect the immune system in different treatment modalities and disease contexts and suggest that venetoclax should be further explored as an immunomodulatory compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M. Ludwig
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Katrina M. Hawley
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - David B. Banks
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Anika T. Thomas-Toth
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Bruce R. Blazar
- grid.17635.360000000419368657Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA
| | - Megan E. McNerney
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Joel D. Leverson
- grid.431072.30000 0004 0572 4227AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, IL USA
| | - James L. LaBelle
- grid.170205.10000 0004 1936 7822Department of Pediatrics, Section of Hematology/Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
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Methylprednisolone stimulated gene expression (GILZ, MCL-1) and basal cortisol levels in multiple sclerosis patients in relapse are associated with clinical response. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19462. [PMID: 34593869 PMCID: PMC8484573 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98868-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are the main treatment of relapse in multiple sclerosis (MS). Decreased sensitivity to GCs in MS patients has been associated with lack of the suppressive effect of GCs on inflammatory molecules as well as increased resistance to apoptosis. We investigated GC-sensitivity by measuring the effect of intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) treatment on transactivation of anti-inflammatory and apoptotic genes (GILZ, MCL-1 and NOXA respectively), in accordance to clinical outcome. Thirty nine MS patients were studied: 15 with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), 12 with relapsing remitting (RRMS) and 12 with secondary progressive (SPMS) under relapse. Patients underwent treatment with IVMP for 5 days. Blood was drawn before IVMP treatment on day 1 and 1 h after IVMP treatment on days 1 and 5. GIlZ, MCL-1 and NOXA were determined by qPCR. The Expanded Disability Status was evaluated and patients were divided according to their clinical response to IVMP. GILZ and MCL-1 gene expression were significantly higher following first IVMP treatment in responders, compared to non-responders. Furthermore, serum basal cortisol and 1,25-OH Vitamin D levels were significantly higher in clinical-responders as compared to non-clinical responders. Our findings suggest that the differential GILZ and MCL-1 gene expression between clinical-responders and non-clinical responders may implicate the importance of GILZ and MCL-1 as possible markers for predicting glucocorticoid sensitivity and response to GC-therapy in MS patients following first IVMP injection.
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BH3 Mimetics in Hematologic Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810157. [PMID: 34576319 PMCID: PMC8466478 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies (HM) comprise diverse cancers of lymphoid and myeloid origin, including lymphomas (approx. 40%), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, approx. 15%), multiple myeloma (MM, approx. 15%), acute myeloid leukemia (AML, approx. 10%), and many other diseases. Despite considerable improvement in treatment options and survival parameters in the new millennium, many patients with HM still develop chemotherapy-refractory diseases and require re-treatment. Because frontline therapies for the majority of HM (except for CLL) are still largely based on classical cytostatics, the relapses are often associated with defects in DNA damage response (DDR) pathways and anti-apoptotic blocks exemplified, respectively, by mutations or deletion of the TP53 tumor suppressor, and overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins of the B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) family. BCL2 homology 3 (BH3) mimetics represent a novel class of pro-apoptotic anti-cancer agents with a unique mode of action—direct targeting of mitochondria independently of TP53 gene aberrations. Consequently, BH3 mimetics can effectively eliminate even non-dividing malignant cells with adverse molecular cytogenetic alterations. Venetoclax, the nanomolar inhibitor of BCL2 anti-apoptotic protein has been approved for the therapy of CLL and AML. Numerous venetoclax-based combinatorial treatment regimens, next-generation BCL2 inhibitors, and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL1) protein inhibitors, which are another class of BH3 mimetics with promising preclinical results, are currently being tested in several clinical trials in patients with diverse HM. These pivotal trials will soon answer critical questions and concerns about these innovative agents regarding not only their anti-tumor efficacy but also potential side effects, recommended dosages, and the optimal length of therapy as well as identification of reliable biomarkers of sensitivity or resistance. Effective harnessing of the full therapeutic potential of BH3 mimetics is a critical mission as it may directly translate into better management of the aggressive forms of HM and could lead to significantly improved survival parameters and quality of life in patients with urgent medical needs.
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Xiao Y, Qureischi M, Dietz L, Vaeth M, Vallabhapurapu SD, Klein-Hessling S, Klein M, Liang C, König A, Serfling E, Mottok A, Bopp T, Rosenwald A, Buttmann M, Berberich I, Beilhack A, Berberich-Siebelt F. Lack of NFATc1 SUMOylation prevents autoimmunity and alloreactivity. J Exp Med 2021; 218:152124. [PMID: 32986812 PMCID: PMC7953626 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20181853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification with SUMO is known to regulate the activity of transcription factors, but how SUMOylation of individual proteins might influence immunity is largely unexplored. The NFAT transcription factors play an essential role in antigen receptor-mediated gene regulation. SUMOylation of NFATc1 represses IL-2 in vitro, but its role in T cell-mediated immune responses in vivo is unclear. To this end, we generated a novel transgenic mouse in which SUMO modification of NFATc1 is prevented. Avoidance of NFATc1 SUMOylation ameliorated experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis as well as graft-versus-host disease. Elevated IL-2 production in T cells promoted T reg expansion and suppressed autoreactive or alloreactive immune responses. Mechanistically, increased IL-2 secretion counteracted IL-17 and IFN-γ expression through STAT5 and Blimp-1 induction. Then, Blimp-1 repressed IL-2 itself, as well as the induced, proliferation-associated survival factor Bcl2A1. Collectively, these data demonstrate that prevention of NFATc1 SUMOylation fine-tunes T cell responses toward lasting tolerance. Thus, targeting NFATc1 SUMOylation presents a novel and promising strategy to treat T cell-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Xiao
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Musga Qureischi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine II, Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Dietz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Klein-Hessling
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Klein
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Chunguang Liang
- Functional Genomics and Systems Biology Group, Department of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anika König
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Serfling
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Anja Mottok
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,University Cancer Center Mainz, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, University Medical Center, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Rosenwald
- Institute of Pathology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Buttmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ingolf Berberich
- Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, Center for Interdisciplinary Clinical Research, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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Victorino F, Bigley TM, Park E, Yao CH, Benoit J, Yang LP, Piersma SJ, Lauron EJ, Davidson RM, Patti GJ, Yokoyama WM. HIF1α is required for NK cell metabolic adaptation during virus infection. eLife 2021; 10:e68484. [PMID: 34396954 PMCID: PMC8382296 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are essential for early protection against virus infection and must metabolically adapt to the energy demands of activation. Here, we found upregulation of the metabolic adaptor hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α) is a feature of mouse NK cells during murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection in vivo. HIF1α-deficient NK cells failed to control viral load, causing increased morbidity. No defects were found in effector functions of HIF1αKO NK cells; however, their numbers were significantly reduced. Loss of HIF1α did not affect NK cell proliferation during in vivo infection and in vitro cytokine stimulation. Instead, we found that HIF1α-deficient NK cells showed increased expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bim and glucose metabolism was impaired during cytokine stimulation in vitro. Similarly, during MCMV infection HIF1α-deficient NK cells upregulated Bim and had increased caspase activity. Thus, NK cells require HIF1α-dependent metabolic functions to repress Bim expression and sustain cell numbers for an optimal virus response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Victorino
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Tarin M Bigley
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Eugene Park
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Cong-Hui Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Washington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Jeanne Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish HealthDenverUnited States
| | - Li-Ping Yang
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Sytse J Piersma
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Elvin J Lauron
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Rebecca M Davidson
- Department of Biomedical Research, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish HealthDenverUnited States
| | - Gary J Patti
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Washington UniversitySt. LouisUnited States
| | - Wayne M Yokoyama
- Rheumatology Division, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
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Kurschat C, Metz A, Kirschnek S, Häcker G. Importance of Bcl-2-family proteins in murine hematopoietic progenitor and early B cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:784. [PMID: 34381022 PMCID: PMC8358012 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial apoptosis regulates survival and development of hematopoietic cells. Prominent roles of some Bcl-2-family members in this regulation have been established, for instance for pro-apoptotic Bim and anti-apoptotic Mcl-1. Additional, mostly smaller roles are known for other Bcl-2-members but it has been extremely difficult to obtain a comprehensive picture of the regulation of mitochondrial apoptosis in hematopoietic cells by Bcl-2-family proteins. We here use a system of mouse ‘conditionally immortalized’ lymphoid-primed hematopoietic progenitor (LMPP) cells that can be differentiated in vitro to pro-B cells, to analyze the importance of these proteins in cell survival. We established cells deficient in Bim, Noxa, Bim/Noxa, Bim/Puma, Bim/Bmf, Bax, Bak or Bax/Bak and use specific inhibitors of Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 to assess their importance. In progenitor (LMPP) cells, we found an important role of Noxa, alone and together with Bim. Cell death induced by inhibition of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL entirely depended on Bim and could be implemented by Bax and by Bak. Inhibition of Mcl-1 caused apoptosis that was independent of Bim but strongly depended on Noxa and was completely prevented by the absence of Bax; small amounts of anti-apoptotic proteins were co-immunoprecipitated with Bim. During differentiation to pro-B cells, substantial changes in the expression of Bcl-2-family proteins were seen, and Bcl-2, Bcl-XL and Mcl-1 were all partially in complexes with Bim. In differentiated cells, Noxa appeared to have lost all importance while the loss of Bim and Puma provided protection. The results strongly suggest that the main role of Bim in these hematopoietic cells is the neutralization of Mcl-1, identify a number of likely molecular events during the maintenance of survival and the induction of apoptosis in mouse hematopoietic progenitor cells, and provide data on the regulation of expression and importance of these proteins during differentiation along the B cell lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Kurschat
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arlena Metz
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Kirschnek
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. .,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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Jung YY, Kim C, Ha IJ, Lee SG, Lee J, Um JY, Ahn KS. Pyrimethamine Modulates Interplay between Apoptosis and Autophagy in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8147. [PMID: 34360911 PMCID: PMC8347135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrimethamine (Pyri) is being used in combination with other medications to treat serious parasitic infections of the body, brain, or eye and to also reduce toxoplasmosis infection in the patients with HIV infection. Additionally, Pyri can display significant anti-cancer potential in different tumor models, but the possible mode of its actions remains unclear. Hence, in this study, the possible anti-tumoral impact of Pyri on human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) was deciphered. Pyri inhibited cell growth in various types of tumor cells and exhibited a marked inhibitory action on CML cells. In addition to apoptosis, Pyri also triggered sustained autophagy. Targeted inhibition of autophagy sensitized the tumor cells to Pyri-induced apoptotic cell death. Moreover, the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) and its downstream target gene Bcl-2 was attenuated by Pyri. Accordingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated STAT5 knockdown augmented Pyri-induced autophagy and apoptosis and promoted the suppressive action of Pyri on cell viability. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of Bcl-2 protected the cells from Pyri-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. Overall, the data indicated that the attenuation of STAT5-Bcl-2 cascade by Pyri can regulate its growth inhibitory properties by simultaneously targeting both apoptosis and autophagy cell death mechanism(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Yun Jung
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Y.J.); (C.K.); (S.-G.L.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - Chulwon Kim
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Y.J.); (C.K.); (S.-G.L.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - In Jin Ha
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.J.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Seok-Geun Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Y.J.); (C.K.); (S.-G.L.); (J.-Y.U.)
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.J.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Junhee Lee
- Korean Medicine Clinical Trial Center (K-CTC), Korean Medicine Hospital, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea; (I.J.H.); (J.L.)
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Y.J.); (C.K.); (S.-G.L.); (J.-Y.U.)
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea; (Y.Y.J.); (C.K.); (S.-G.L.); (J.-Y.U.)
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Hypoxia Enhances the Expression of RNASET2 in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells: Role of PI3K/AKT Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147564. [PMID: 34299186 PMCID: PMC8303897 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a key component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and promotes not only tumor growth and metastasis, but also negatively affects infiltrating immune cells by impairing host immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells and their biology is weakened in the TME in many ways, including the modulation of their viability. RNASET2 belongs to the T2 family of extracellular ribonucleases and, besides its nuclease activity, it exerts many additional functions. Indeed, RNASET2 is involved in several human pathologies, including cancer, and it is functionally relevant in the TME. RNASET2 functions are not restricted to cancer cells and its expression could be relevant also in other cell types which are important players in the TME, including DCs. Therefore, this study aimed to unravel the effect of hypoxia (2% O2) on the expression of RNASET2 in DCs. Here, we showed that hypoxia enhanced the expression and secretion of RNASET2 in human monocyte-derived DCs. This paralleled the HIF-1α accumulation and HIF-dependent and -independent signaling, which are associated with DCs’ survival/autophagy/apoptosis. RNASET2 expression, under hypoxia, was regulated by the PI3K/AKT pathway and was almost completely abolished by TLR4 ligand, LPS. Taken together, these results highlight how hypoxia- dependent and -independent pathways shape RNASET2 expression in DCs, with new perspectives on its implication for TME and, therefore, in anti-tumor immunity.
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Salah HT, DiNardo CD, Konopleva M, Khoury JD. Potential Biomarkers for Treatment Response to the BCL-2 Inhibitor Venetoclax: State of the Art and Future Directions. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2974. [PMID: 34198580 PMCID: PMC8231978 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic apoptotic pathway dysregulation plays an essential role in all cancers, particularly hematologic malignancies. This role has led to the development of multiple therapeutic agents targeting this pathway. Venetoclax is a selective BCL-2 inhibitor that has been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphoid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Given the reported resistance to venetoclax, understanding the mechanisms of resistance and the potential biomarkers of response is crucial to ensure optimal drug usage and improved patient outcomes. Mechanisms of resistance to venetoclax include alterations involving the BH3-binding groove, BCL2 gene mutations affecting venetoclax binding, and activation of alternative anti-apoptotic pathways. Moreover, various potential genetic biomarkers of venetoclax resistance have been proposed, including chromosome 17p deletion, trisomy 12, and TP53 loss or mutation. This manuscript provides an overview of biomarkers that could predict treatment response to venetoclax.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen T. Salah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Courtney D. DiNardo
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (C.D.D.); (M.K.)
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fang Y, Peng K. Regulation of innate immune responses by cell death-associated caspases during virus infection. FEBS J 2021; 289:4098-4111. [PMID: 34089572 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Viruses are obligate intracellular pathogens that rely on cellular machinery for successful replication and dissemination. The host cells encode a number of different strategies to sense and restrict the invading viral pathogens. Caspase-mediated programmed cell death pathways that are triggered by virus infection, such as apoptosis and pyroptosis, provide a means for the infected cells to limit viral proliferation, leading to suicidal cell death (apoptosis) or lytic cell death and alerting uninfected cells to mount anti-viral responses (pyroptosis). However, some viruses can employ activated caspases to dampen the anti-viral responses and facilitate viral replication through cleavage of critical molecules of the innate immune pathways. The regulation of innate immune responses by caspase activation during virus infection has recently become an important topic. In this review, we briefly introduce the characteristics of different classes of caspases and the cell death pathways regulated by these caspases. We then describe how viruses trigger or dampen caspase activation during infection and how these activated caspases regulate three major innate immune response pathways of viral infections: the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor, toll-like receptor and cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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