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Ezz-Eldin YM, Ewees MG, Azouz AA, Khalaf MM. Investigating the tamoxifen/high-fat diet synergy: a promising paradigm for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis induction in a rat model. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03192-7. [PMID: 38884676 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03192-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a severe liver condition characterized by excessive fat deposition, ballooning, and lobular inflammation. This investigation was conducted to estimate the capability of concomitant tamoxifen administration (TAM) with a high fat diet (HFD) to induce a reliable NASH model that mimics human NASH features. Rats were administered TAM (25 mg/kg/day p.o.) and consumed HFD for 5 weeks. A time-course investigation was conducted to determine the optimal time for NASH development. Liver function indices, hepatic lipid profile factors, oxidative stress biomarkers, and inflammatory mediators were estimated. Additionally, macroscopic and microscopic changes were examined. Compared with the time-matched control group receiving vehicle alone, TAM/HFD significantly impaired liver function indices represented as marked elevation in ALT, AST, and ALP serum levels. TAM/HFD significantly increased lipid profile factors including high TG and TC hepatic levels. Additionally, TAM/HFD remarkably raised hepatic levels of TNF-α and IL-17 and significantly decreased IL-10. The combination also increases the oxidative status evidenced by high content of MDA as well as low activity of GPx and SOD. Accordingly, the combination of TAM and HFD for 5 weeks collaboratively promotes NASH development by initiating compromised hepatocyte functionality, elevated lipid levels, oxidative stress, and liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra M Ezz-Eldin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed G Ewees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Amany A Azouz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Khalaf
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt.
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Liu J, Zaidi A, Pike CJ. Microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR-4 protects against neural effects of diet-induced obesity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.13.580189. [PMID: 38405877 PMCID: PMC10888944 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.13.580189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with numerous adverse neural effects, including reduced neurogenesis, cognitive impairment, and increased risks for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. Obesity is also characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation that is implicated in mediating negative consequences body-wide. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling from peripheral macrophages is implicated as an essential regulator of the systemic inflammatory effects of obesity. In the brain, obesity drives chronic neuroinflammation that involves microglial activation, however the contributions of microglia-derived TLR4 signaling to the consequences of obesity are poorly understood. To investigate this issue, we first generated mice that carry an inducible, microglia/macrophage-specific deletion of TLR4 that yields long-term TLR4 knockout only in brain indicating microglial specificity. Next, we analyzed the effects of microglial TLR4 deletion on systemic and neural effects of a 16-week of exposure to control versus obesogenic high-fat diets. In male mice, TLR4 deletion generally yielded limited effects on diet-induced systemic metabolic dysfunction but significantly reduced neuroinflammation and impairments in neurogenesis and cognitive performance. In female mice maintained on obesogenic diet, TLR4 deletion partially protected against weight gain, adiposity, and metabolic impairments. Compared to males, females showed milder diet-induced neural consequences, against which TLR4 deletion was protective. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a central role of microglial TLR4 signaling in mediating the neural effects of obesogenic diet and highlight sexual dimorphic responses to both diet and TLR4.
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Thomas NS, Scalzo RL, Wellberg EA. Diabetes mellitus in breast cancer survivors: metabolic effects of endocrine therapy. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024; 20:16-26. [PMID: 37783846 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00899-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive malignancy in the world, with millions of survivors living today. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is also a globally prevalent disease that is a widely studied risk factor for breast cancer. Most breast tumours express the oestrogen receptor and are treated with systemic therapies designed to disrupt oestrogen-dependent signalling. Since the advent of targeted endocrine therapy six decades ago, the mortality from breast cancer has steadily declined; however, during the past decade, an elevated risk of T2DM after breast cancer treatment has been reported, particularly for those who received endocrine therapy. In this Review, we highlight key events in the history of endocrine therapies, beginning with the development of tamoxifen. We also summarize the sequence of reported adverse metabolic effects, which include dyslipidaemia, hepatic steatosis and impaired glucose tolerance. We discuss the limitations of determining a causal role for breast cancer treatments in T2DM development from epidemiological data and describe informative preclinical studies that suggest complex mechanisms through which endocrine therapy might drive T2DM risk and progression. We also reinforce the life-saving benefits of endocrine therapy and highlight the need for better predictive biomarkers of T2DM risk and preventive strategies for the growing population of breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha S Thomas
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Xu Z, Wang X, Sun W, Xu F, Kou H, Hu W, Zhang Y, Jiang Q, Tang J, Xu Y. RelB-activated GPX4 inhibits ferroptosis and confers tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102952. [PMID: 37944384 PMCID: PMC10641764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) resistance remains a major obstacle in the treatment of advanced breast cancer (BCa). In addition to the competitive inhibition of the estrogen receptor (ER) signaling pathway, damping of mitochondrial function by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) is critical for enhancing TAM pharmacodynamics. Here, we showed that RelB contributes to TAM resistance by inhibiting TAM-provoked ferroptosis. TAM-induced ROS level promoted ferroptosis in TAM-sensitive cells, but the effect was alleviated in TAM-resistant cells with high constitutive levels of RelB. Mechanistically, RelB inhibited ferroptosis by transcriptional upregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Consequently, elevating RelB and GPX4 in sensitive cells increased TAM resistance, and conversely, depriving RelB and GPX4 in resistant cells decreased TAM resistance. Furthermore, suppression of RelB transcriptional activation resensitized TAM-resistant cells by enhancing ferroptosis in vitro and in vivo. The inactivation of GPX4 in TAM-resistant cells consistently resensitized TAM by increasing ferroptosis-mediated cell death. Together, this study uncovered that inhibition of ferroptosis contributes to TAM resistance of BCa via RelB-upregulated GPX4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Phase 1 Clinical Trials Unit, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Avenue, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hengyuan Kou
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Weizi Hu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Avenue, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Jinhai Tang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| | - Yong Xu
- Affiliated Eye Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 138 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, 210029, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention, and Treatment, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longman Avenue, Nanjing, 211166, China; Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 42 Baiziting Avenue, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Halurkar MS, Inoue O, Mukherjee R, Paese CLB, Duszynski M, Brugmann SA, Lim HW, Sanchez-Gurmaches J. The widely used Ucp1-CreEvdr transgene elicits complex developmental and metabolic phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.20.563165. [PMID: 37904917 PMCID: PMC10614962 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.20.563165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial artificial chromosome transgenic models, including most Cre-recombinases, enable potent interrogation of gene function in vivo but require rigorous validation as limitations emerge. Due to its high relevance to metabolic studies, we performed comprehensive analysis of the Ucp1-CreEvdr line which is widely used for brown fat research. Hemizygotes exhibited major brown and white fat transcriptomic dysregulation, indicating potential altered tissue function. Ucp1-CreEvdr homozygotes also show high mortality, growth defects, and craniofacial abnormalities. Mapping the transgene insertion site revealed insertion in chromosome 1 accompanied by large genomic alterations disrupting several genes expressed in a range of tissues. Notably, Ucp1-CreEvdr transgene retains an extra Ucp1 gene copy that may be highly expressed under high thermogenic burden. Our multi-faceted analysis highlights a complex phenotype arising from the presence of the Ucp1-CreEvdr transgene independently of the intended genetic manipulations. Overall, comprehensive validation of transgenic mice is imperative to maximize discovery while mitigating unexpected, off-target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasi Suchit Halurkar
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Oto Inoue
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Rajib Mukherjee
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | | | - Molly Duszynski
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Samantha A. Brugmann
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45220, USA
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6
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Yuan Y, Shin S, Shi Z, Shu G, Jiang Y. Postnatal Tamoxifen Exposure Induces Long-Lasting Changes to Adipose Tissue in Adult Mice. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00828-6. [PMID: 37642828 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00828-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Tamoxifen (TAM) is commonly administered to a variety of inducible or conditional transgenic mice that contain Cre recombinase fused with ER. While the impacts of adult TAM treatment are well documented in the field of adipose biology, the long-term effects of postnatal TAM treatment on adult life are still understudied. In this study, we investigated whether postnatal TAM treatment had long-lasting effects on adult body composition and adiposity in male and female mice, fed either with chow or a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that postnatal, but not adult, TAM treatment had long-lasting impacts on female mice, resulting in lower body weight, lower fat mass, and smaller adipocytes. In contrast, postnatal exposure to TAM impaired male but not female cold-induced adipose beiging capacity. Interestingly, upon HFD feeding, the sex-dependent effects of TAM on adult life disappeared, and both female and male mice showed a more obese phenotype with impaired glucose tolerance. These findings suggest that postnatal TAM injection exerts a long-lasting impact on adipose tissue in adult life in a sex- and diet-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yexian Yuan
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Sunhye Shin
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Major of Food and Nutrition, Division of Applied Food System, Seoul Women's University, Seoul, 01797, Korea
| | - Zuoxiao Shi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yuwei Jiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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7
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Davezac M, Meneur C, Buscato M, Zahreddine R, Arnal JF, Dalenc F, Lenfant F, Fontaine C. The beneficial effects of tamoxifen on arteries: a key player for cardiovascular health of breast cancer patient. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115677. [PMID: 37419371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Over the past few decades, advances in cancer detection and treatment have significantly improved survival rate of breast cancer patients. However, due to the cardiovascular toxicity of cancer treatments (chemotherapy, anti-HER2 antibodies and radiotherapy), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become an increasingly important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in breast cancer survivors. Endocrine therapies are prescribed to reduce the risk of recurrence and specific death in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) early breast cancer patients, but their impact on CVD is a matter of debate. Whereas aromatase inhibitors and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogs inhibit estrogen synthesis, tamoxifen acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), opposing estrogen action in the breast but mimicking their actions in other tissues, including arteries. This review aims to summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the effects of tamoxifen on CVD. In addition, we will discuss how recent findings on the mechanisms of action of these therapies may contribute to a better understanding and anticipation of CVD risk in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Davezac
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Cecile Meneur
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; PhysioStim, 10 rue Henri Regnault, 81100, Castres, France
| | - Melissa Buscato
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Rana Zahreddine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France; CREFRE-Anexplo, Service de Microchirurgie Experimentale, UMS006, INSERM, Université de Toulouse, UT3, ENVT, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-François Arnal
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Claudius Regaud Institute, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Françoise Lenfant
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- I2MC, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1297, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France.
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8
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Liu S, Xu S, Liu S, Chen H. Importance of DJ-1 in autophagy regulation and disease. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109672. [PMID: 37336341 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved biological process that has evolved across evolution. It can be activated by various external stimuli including oxidative stress, amino acid starvation, infection, and hypoxia. Autophagy is the primary mechanism for preserving cellular homeostasis and is implicated in the regulation of metabolism, cell differentiation, tolerance to starvation conditions, and resistance to aging. As a multifunctional protein, DJ-1 is commonly expressed in vivo and is associated with a variety of biological processes. Its most widely studied role is its function as an oxidative stress sensor that inhibits the production of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria and subsequently the cellular damage caused by oxidative stress. In recent years, many studies have identified DJ-1 as another important factor regulating autophagy; it regulates autophagy in various ways, most commonly by regulating the oxidative stress response. In particular, DJ-1-regulated autophagy is involved in cancer progression and plays a key role in alleviating neurodegenerative diseases(NDS) and defective reperfusion diseases. It could serve as a potential target for the regulation of autophagy and participate in disease treatment as a meaningful modality. Therefore, exploring DJ-1-regulated autophagy could provide new avenues for future disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China; Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Song Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Heping Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, PR China.
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Shi L, Tao Z, Zheng L, Yang J, Hu X, Scott K, de Kloet A, Krause E, Collins JF, Cheng Z. FoxO1 regulates adipose transdifferentiation and iron influx by mediating Tgfβ1 signaling pathway. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102727. [PMID: 37156218 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose plasticity is critical for metabolic homeostasis. Adipocyte transdifferentiation plays an important role in adipose plasticity, but the molecular mechanism of transdifferentiation remains incompletely understood. Here we show that the transcription factor FoxO1 regulates adipose transdifferentiation by mediating Tgfβ1 signaling pathway. Tgfβ1 treatment induced whitening phenotype in beige adipocytes, reducing UCP1 and mitochondrial capacity and enlarging lipid droplets. Deletion of adipose FoxO1 (adO1KO) dampened Tgfβ1 signaling by downregulating Tgfbr2 and Smad3 and induced browning of adipose tissue in mice, increasing UCP1 and mitochondrial content and activating metabolic pathways. Silencing FoxO1 also abolished the whitening effect of Tgfβ1 on beige adipocytes. The adO1KO mice exhibited a significantly higher energy expenditure, lower fat mass, and smaller adipocytes than the control mice. The browning phenotype in adO1KO mice was associated with an increased iron content in adipose tissue, concurrent with upregulation of proteins that facilitate iron uptake (DMT1 and TfR1) and iron import into mitochondria (Mfrn1). Analysis of hepatic and serum iron along with hepatic iron-regulatory proteins (ferritin and ferroportin) in the adO1KO mice revealed an adipose tissue-liver crosstalk that meets the increased iron requirement for adipose browning. The FoxO1-Tgfβ1 signaling cascade also underlay adipose browning induced by β3-AR agonist CL316243. Our study provides the first evidence of a FoxO1-Tgfβ1 axis in the regulation of adipose browning-whitening transdifferentiation and iron influx, which sheds light on the compromised adipose plasticity in conditions of dysregulated FoxO1 and Tgfβ1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Shi
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Zhipeng Tao
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA; Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Louise Zheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Jinying Yang
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Xinran Hu
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Karen Scott
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - Annette de Kloet
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Eric Krause
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Pharmacodynamics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL32610, USA
| | - James F Collins
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Interdisciplinary Nutritional Sciences Doctoral Program, Center for Nutritional Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA; Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA; Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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10
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Adikwu E, Bokolo B. Therapeutic benefit of ursodeoxycholic acid in tamoxifen-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.20883/medical.e743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The clinical use of tamoxifen (TAM) may cause hepatotoxicity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has promising liver protective activity. This study assessed the protective effect of UDCA on TAM-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Material and methods. Thirty five adult female Wistar rats were grouped into 7 of n=5/group. The rats were treated for 10 days as follows: Group 1: Water (10 mL/kg/day; placebo control) per oral [p.o], group 2: Ethanol 1% (1mL/kg/day; vehicle control) intraperitoneally (i.p), group 3: UDCA (40 mg/kg/day/p.o) and group 4: TAM (45 mg/kg/day) i.p. Groups 5-7 were pretreated with UDCA (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), before daily treatment with TAM (45 mg/kg/day) i.p, respectively. On day 11, blood samples were collected and assessed for serum liver biomarkers. Liver samples were evaluated for oxidative stress markers and histology.Results. Significantly (p<0.05) decreased body weight and significantly (p<0.01) increased liver weight occurred in TAM- treated rats when compared to placebo control. TAM significantly (p<0.001) increased serum alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, aminotransferases, bilirubin, high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and liver malondialdehyde levels when compared to control. TAM significantly (p<0.001) decreased liver glutathione, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, serum total protein, albumin total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels when compared to control. Steatosis and necrotic changes occurred in TAM-treated rats. UDCA pretreatment significantly prevents TAM-induced changes in serum biochemical markers, and oxidative stress indices in a dose-related fashion when compared to TAM. UDCA prevents TAM-induced changes in liver histology.Conclusion. UDCA may be clinically effective for TAM associated hepatotoxicity.
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Role of FOXO3a Transcription Factor in the Regulation of Liver Oxidative Injury. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122478. [PMID: 36552685 PMCID: PMC9774119 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been identified as a key mechanism in liver damage caused by various chemicals. The transcription factor FOXO3a has emerged as a critical regulator of redox imbalance. Multiple post-translational changes and epigenetic processes closely regulate the activity of FOXO3a, resulting in synergistic or competing impacts on its subcellular localization, stability, protein-protein interactions, DNA binding affinity, and transcriptional programs. Depending on the chemical nature and subcellular context, the oxidative-stress-mediated activation of FOXO3a can induce multiple transcriptional programs that play crucial roles in oxidative injury to the liver by chemicals. Here, we mainly review the role of FOXO3a in coordinating programs of genes that are essential for cellular homeostasis, with an emphasis on exploring the regulatory mechanisms and potential application of FOXO3a as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat liver oxidative injury.
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12
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Birulina JG, Voronkova OV, Ivanov VV, Buyko EE, Shcherbakova MM, Chernyshov NA, Motlokhova EA. Systemic inflammation markers of diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rat model. BULLETIN OF RUSSIAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.24075/brsmu.2022.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is essential in many chronic non-infectious diseases, including type 2 diabetes, obesity and metabolic syndrome (MS). This study aimed at characterization of systemic inflammatory reaction as a component of diet-induced MS in rat model. Thirty-three male Wistar rats were distributed into two groups designated 'control' (n = 15) and 'experimental (MS)' (n = 18). The groups were fed, respectively, regular and high-fat/high-carbohydrate diets for 12 weeks. The intensity of systemic inflammatory process against the background of metabolic impairments was assessed by total and differential counts of white blood cells and serum levels of total protein, C-reactive protein, cytokines (IL6, IL10 and TNFα), insulin and leptin. We also assessed the production of reactive oxygen species in adipose tissue samples. The experiment revealed signs of systemic inflammation in MS as compared to control, including reactive leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia and increased serum levels of C-reactive protein (2.6-fold; р = 0.001), IL10 (3.7-fold; р = 0.029) and TNFα (4.2-fold; р = 0.035). The observed changes were accompanied by elevated metabolic activity of visceral adipose tissue, indicated by hyperleptinemia and increased free radical oxidation intensity. Pairwise positive correlations of serum levels were revealed for leptin and insulin (r = 0.701; р = 0.001) and leptin and IL10 (r = 0.523; р = 0.012). Thus, high-fat/ high-carbohydrate diet promoted metabolic impairments concomitantly with early signs of systemic inflammation characteristic of MS and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- JG Birulina
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - OV Voronkova
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - VV Ivanov
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - EE Buyko
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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13
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Poltronieri TS, Pérsico RS, Falcetta FS, Viana LV. Changes in Body Adiposity in Women Undergoing Breast Cancer Treatment: A Scoping Review. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3431-3445. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2081341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taiara S. Poltronieri
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Raquel S. Pérsico
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Frederico S. Falcetta
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciana V. Viana
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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14
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Liu Z, Chen T, Zhang S, Yang T, Gong Y, Deng HW, Bai D, Tian W, Chen Y. Discovery and functional assessment of a novel adipocyte population driven by intracellular Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mammals. eLife 2022; 11:77740. [PMID: 35503096 PMCID: PMC9064292 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been well established as a potent inhibitor of adipogenesis. Here, we identified a population of adipocytes that exhibit persistent activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as revealed by the Tcf/Lef-GFP reporter allele, in embryonic and adult mouse fat depots, named as Wnt+ adipocytes. We showed that this β-catenin-mediated signaling activation in these cells is Wnt ligand- and receptor-independent but relies on AKT/mTOR pathway and is essential for cell survival. Such adipocytes are distinct from classical ones in transcriptomic and genomic signatures and can be induced from various sources of mesenchymal stromal cells including human cells. Genetic lineage-tracing and targeted cell ablation studies revealed that these adipocytes convert into beige adipocytes directly and are also required for beige fat recruitment under thermal challenge, demonstrating both cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous roles in adaptive thermogenesis. Furthermore, mice bearing targeted ablation of these adipocytes exhibited glucose intolerance, while mice receiving exogenously supplied such cells manifested enhanced glucose utilization. Our studies uncover a unique adipocyte population in regulating beiging in adipose tissues and systemic glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Liu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sicheng Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianfang Yang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Yun Gong
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomic, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Hong-Wen Deng
- Tulane Center of Biomedical Informatics and Genomic, Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
| | - Ding Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - YiPing Chen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
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15
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The Deubiquitinase OTUB1 Is a Key Regulator of Energy Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031536. [PMID: 35163456 PMCID: PMC8836018 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated energy metabolism is a major contributor to a multitude of pathologies, including obesity and diabetes. Understanding the regulation of metabolic homeostasis is of utmost importance for the identification of therapeutic targets for the treatment of metabolically driven diseases. We previously identified the deubiquitinase OTUB1 as substrate for the cellular oxygen sensor factor-inhibiting HIF (FIH) with regulatory effects on cellular energy metabolism, but the physiological relevance of OTUB1 is unclear. Here, we report that the induced global deletion of OTUB1 in adult mice (Otub1 iKO) elevated energy expenditure, reduced age-dependent body weight gain, facilitated blood glucose clearance and lowered basal plasma insulin levels. The respiratory exchange ratio was maintained, indicating an unaltered nutrient oxidation. In addition, Otub1 deletion in cells enhanced AKT activity, leading to a larger cell size, higher ATP levels and reduced AMPK phosphorylation. AKT is an integral part of insulin-mediated signaling and Otub1 iKO mice presented with increased AKT phosphorylation following acute insulin administration combined with insulin hypersensitivity. We conclude that OTUB1 is an important regulator of metabolic homeostasis.
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16
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Hydroethanolic Extract of Defatted Buchholzia coriacea Seeds Alleviates Tamoxifen-Induced Hepatic Triglyceride Accumulation, Inflammation and Oxidative Distress in Rat. MEDICINES 2021; 9:medicines9010001. [PMID: 35049934 PMCID: PMC8778232 DOI: 10.3390/medicines9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tamoxifen (TMX) has proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. However, long-term use of TMX is associated with hepatic steatosis, oxidative liver injury and hepatocarcinoma. Buchholzia coriacea seeds (BCS) have been widely applied in traditional medicine due to their nutritional and therapeutic potentials. This study investigates the protective effect of hydroethanolic extract of (defatted) B. coriacea seeds (HEBCS) against TMX–induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Thirty-six (36) male albino rats were divided into six groups (n = 6/group). Group I served as control. Group II received 50 mg/kg/day TMX orally (p.o.) (TMX) for 21 days, group III received TMX plus 125 mg/kg/d HEBCS p.o. (HEBCS 125) for 21 days, group IV received TMX plus 250 mg/kg/d HEBCS p.o. (HEBCS 250) for 21 days and rats in group V and VI received HEBCS 125 and HEBCS 250 respectively for 21 days. Results: Compared with the control, TMX caused a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum hepatic function biomarkers: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase by 57%, 60% and 68% respectively. TMX also caused a significant increase in hepatic triglycerides level by 166% when compared with control and a significant decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol level by 37%. Compared with control, hepatic marker of inflammation, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) increased significantly by 220%, coupled with significant increase in expression of interleukin 6 and cyclooxygenase 2. There was also significant increase in levels of Biomarkers of oxidative stress, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls in the TMX group by 89%, 175% and 114% respectively when compared with the control. Hepatic antioxidants, reduced glutathione (GSH) level and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) decreased significantly in the TMX group by 35%, 67%, 41%, 59% and 53% respectively when compared with the control. However, HEBCS at 250 mg/kg significantly protected against TMX–induced hepatotoxicity by decreasing hepatic triglyceride content, serum hepatic function biomarkers, hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress with significant improvement in hepatic antioxidant system. Histopathological findings show that HEBCS alleviate TMX–induced hepatocyte ballooning. Conclusions: Current data suggest that HEBCS protected against TMX–induced hepatotoxicity in rats. HEBCS may be useful in managing TMX–induced toxicities in breast cancer patients. It may also be helpful against other forms of liver injury involving steatosis, inflammation, free radicals, and oxidative damage.
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Faghfouri AH, Khajebishak Y, Payahoo L, Faghfuri E, Alivand M. PPAR-gamma agonists: Potential modulators of autophagy in obesity. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 912:174562. [PMID: 34655597 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of some obesity related health problems. As obesity is a nutrient sufficiency condition, autophagy process can be altered in obesity through AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) as the main modulator of adipogenesis process can be effective in the regulation of obesity related phenotypes. As well, it has been revealed that PPAR-gamma and its agonists can regulate autophagy in different normal or cancer cells. However, their effects on autophagy modulation in obesity have been investigated in the limited number of studies. In the current comprehensive mechanistic review, we aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of action of PPAR-gamma on the process of autophagy in obesity through narrating the effects of PPAR-gamma on autophagy in the non-obesity conditions. Moreover, mode of action of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy related implications comprehensively reviewed in the various studies. Understanding the different effects of PPAR-gamma agonists on autophagy in obesity can help to develop a new approach to management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, I.R., Iran
| | - Elnaz Faghfuri
- Digestive Disease Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Mohammadreza Alivand
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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18
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Pepe G, Sfogliarini C, Rizzello L, Battaglia G, Pinna C, Rovati G, Ciana P, Brunialti E, Mornata F, Maggi A, Locati M, Vegeto E. ERα-independent NRF2-mediated immunoregulatory activity of tamoxifen. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 144:112274. [PMID: 34653752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex differences in immune-mediated diseases are linked to the activity of estrogens on innate immunity cells, including macrophages. Tamoxifen (TAM) is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)-dependent breast cancers and off-target indications such as infections, although the immune activity of TAM and its active metabolite, 4-OH tamoxifen (4HT), is poorly characterized. Here, we aimed at investigating the endocrine and immune activity of these SERMs in macrophages. Using primary cultures of female mouse macrophages, we analyzed the expression of immune mediators and activation of effector functions in competition experiments with SERMs and 17β-estradiol (E2) or the bacterial endotoxin LPS. We observed that 4HT and TAM induce estrogen antagonist effects when used at nanomolar concentrations, while pharmacological concentrations that are reached by TAM in clinical settings regulate the expression of VEGFα and other immune activation genes by ERα- and G protein-coupled receptor 1 (GPER1)-independent mechanisms that involve NRF2 through PI3K/Akt-dependent mechanisms. Importantly, we observed that SERMs potentiate cell phagocytosis and modify the effects of LPS on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNFα and IL1β, with an overall increase in cell inflammatory phenotype, further sustained by potentiation of IL1β secretion through caspase-1 activation. Altogether, our data unravel a novel molecular mechanism and immune functions for TAM and 4HT, sustaining their repurposing in infective and other estrogen receptors-unrelated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Pepe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Sfogliarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM) Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Battaglia
- Department of Chemistry and; The EPSRC/Jeol Centre for Liquid Phase Electron Microscopy, University College London, WC1H 0AJ London, U.K; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Physics of Living System, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, U.K; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Pinna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianenrico Rovati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Ciana
- Department of Health Sciences University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Electra Brunialti
- Department of Health Sciences University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Mornata
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Adriana Maggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Locati
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vegeto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Scalzo RL, Foright RM, Hull SE, Knaub LA, Johnson-Murguia S, Kinanee F, Kaplan J, Houck JA, Johnson G, Sharp RR, Gillen AE, Jones KL, Zhang AMY, Johnson JD, MacLean PS, Reusch JEB, Wright-Hobart S, Wellberg EA. Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy Promotes Weight Gain With Distinct Adipose Tissue Effects in Lean and Obese Female Mice. Endocrinology 2021; 162:bqab174. [PMID: 34410380 PMCID: PMC8455348 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer survivors treated with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors report weight gain and have an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes, especially if they have obesity. These patient experiences are inconsistent with, preclinical studies using high doses of tamoxifen which reported acute weight loss. We investigated the impact of breast cancer endocrine therapies in a preclinical model of obesity and in a small group of breast adipose tissue samples from women taking tamoxifen to understand the clinical findings. Mature female mice were housed at thermoneutrality and fed either a low-fat/low-sucrose (LFLS) or a high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS) diet. Consistent with the high expression of Esr1 observed in mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue, endocrine therapy was associated with adipose accumulation and more preadipocytes compared with estrogen-treated control mice but resulted in fewer adipocyte progenitors only in the context of HFHS. Analysis of subcutaneous adipose stromal cells revealed diet- and treatment-dependent effects of endocrine therapies on various cell types and genes, illustrating the complexity of adipose tissue estrogen receptor signaling. Breast cancer therapies supported adipocyte hypertrophy and associated with hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and glucose intolerance, particularly in obese females. Current tamoxifen use associated with larger breast adipocyte diameter only in women with obesity. Our translational studies suggest that endocrine therapies may disrupt adipocyte progenitors and support adipocyte hypertrophy, potentially leading to ectopic lipid deposition that may be linked to a greater type 2 diabetes risk. Monitoring glucose tolerance and potential interventions that target insulin action should be considered for some women receiving life-saving endocrine therapies for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L Scalzo
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Sara E Hull
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Leslie A Knaub
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Stevi Johnson-Murguia
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Fotobari Kinanee
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ginger Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Rachel R Sharp
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Austin E Gillen
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Anni M Y Zhang
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jane E B Reusch
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Diabetes, Department of Medicine; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sabrina Wright-Hobart
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Wellberg
- Center for Women’s Health Research; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, Harold Hamm Diabetes Research Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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20
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Estrada-Meza J, Videlo J, Bron C, Saint-Béat C, Silva M, Duboeuf F, Peyruchaud O, Rajas F, Mithieux G, Gautier-Stein A. Tamoxifen Treatment in the Neonatal Period Affects Glucose Homeostasis in Adult Mice in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6277101. [PMID: 33999998 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tamoxifen is a selective estrogen receptor modulator used to activate the CREERT2 recombinase, allowing tissue-specific and temporal control of the somatic mutagenesis to generate transgenic mice. Studies integrating development and metabolism require a genetic modification induced by a neonatal tamoxifen administration. Here, we investigate the effects of a neonatal tamoxifen administration on energy homeostasis in adult male and female C57BL/6J mice. C57BL/6J male and female mouse pups received a single injection of tamoxifen 1 day after birth (NTT) and were fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet at 6 weeks of age. We measured weight, body composition, glucose and insulin tolerance, basal metabolism, and tibia length and weight in adult mice. The neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted long-term, sex-dependent effects on energy homeostasis. NTT female mice became overweight and developed impaired glucose control in comparison to vehicle-treated littermates. NTT females exhibited 60% increased fat mass, increased food intake, decreased physical activity and energy expenditure, impaired glucose and insulin tolerance, and fasting hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, NTT male mice exhibited a modest amelioration of glucose and insulin tolerance and long-term decreased lean mass linked to decreased bone weight. These results suggest that the neonatal tamoxifen administration exerted a marked and sex-dependent influence on adult energy homeostasis and bone weight and must therefore be used with caution for the development of transgenic mouse models regarding studies on energy homeostasis and bone biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Estrada-Meza
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Jasmine Videlo
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Clara Bron
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Cécile Saint-Béat
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Marine Silva
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - François Duboeuf
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1033, Lyon, France
| | - Olivier Peyruchaud
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1033, Lyon, France
| | - Fabienne Rajas
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Mithieux
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, INSERM UMR-S1213, Lyon, France
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21
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Sandin ES, Folberth J, Müller-Fielitz H, Pietrzik CU, Herold E, Willnow TE, Pfluger PT, Nogueiras R, Prevot V, Krey T, Schwaninger M. Is LRP2 Involved in Leptin Transport over the Blood-Brain Barrier and Development of Obesity? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094998. [PMID: 34066779 PMCID: PMC8125945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the transport of leptin into the brain are still largely unclear. While the leptin receptor has been implicated in the transport process, recent evidence has suggested an additional role of LRP2 (megalin). To evaluate the function of LRP2 for leptin transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), we developed a novel leptin-luciferase fusion protein (pLG), which stimulated leptin signaling and was transported in an in vitro BBB model based on porcine endothelial cells. The LRP inhibitor RAP did not affect leptin transport, arguing against a role of LRP2. In line with this, the selective deletion of LRP2 in brain endothelial cells and epithelial cells of the choroid plexus did not influence bodyweight, body composition, food intake, or energy expenditure of mice. These findings suggest that LRP2 at the BBB is not involved in the transport of leptin into the brain, nor in the development of obesity as has previously been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira S. Sandin
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
| | - Julica Folberth
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
| | - Helge Müller-Fielitz
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
| | - Claus U. Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Elisabeth Herold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.H.); (T.K.)
| | - Thomas E. Willnow
- Molecular Cardiovascular Research, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, 13092 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Paul T. Pfluger
- Research Unit Neurobiology of Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München and Technical University Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany;
| | - Ruben Nogueiras
- CIMUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Vincent Prevot
- Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Inserm, CHU Lille, University Lille, UMR-S1172, EGID, DISTALZ, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Thomas Krey
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.H.); (T.K.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Schwaninger
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany; (E.S.S.); (J.F.); (H.M.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-3101-7200
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Bahtiar A, Setyowati HT, Mahanani RR, Wati A, Arsianti A, Fadilah F. Rhaponticin contained Rheum officinale root extract improved Postmenopause symptom of Ovariectomized Rat. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:175-179. [PMID: 34159150 PMCID: PMC8177149 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_324_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postmenopausal women have decreased levels of the hormone estrogen. Reduced estrogen levels will often involve many symptoms that reduced quality of life. This research aims to analyze the effects of Rheum officinale root extract on postmenopausal model rats. To this end, thirty rats underwent ovariectomy (OVX) surgery and six rats were operated without having their ovaries removed. The OVX was confirmed by body weight–uterus weight ratio and a vaginal swab. Six groups of the rats were performed: SHAM group and negative control groups are given vehicle; the positive control was assigned tamoxifen; and the extract has been given three doses 7, 35, and 175 mg/200 g BW, respectively, for 30 days. The calcium content of bone ash was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Blood pressure was evaluated using CODA®, and the metabolites in the blood were assessed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography. As a result, using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-MS, we found that the extract's major component was rhaponticin and its metabolites. The bone calcium levels increased with increasing doses of the extract. In the OVX group, the bone calcium content was decreased significantly 51.56% ± 8.9% g compared with the SHAM group 62.97% ±5.6% g, and the administration of Rheum extract could restore the calcium content of the bone to become 69.27% ± 3.8% g. From the above data, we concluded that Rheum root extracts contain astrigin, rhaponticin, rhapontigenin, and desoxyrhaponticin. Rheum root extract could improve calcium content and lipid profiles of OVX rats by stimulation osteoblastogenesis. Rheum root extracts could control the blood pressure of OVX rats by reducing lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Bahtiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Herlina Tri Setyowati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Retno Rela Mahanani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Azizah Wati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Depok 16424, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ade Arsianti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Jl Salemba Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fadilah Fadilah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia Kampus UI Jl Salemba Raya, Jakarta, Indonesia
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23
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Sirt1 coordinates with ERα to regulate autophagy and adiposity. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:53. [PMID: 33723227 PMCID: PMC7960718 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00438-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex difference in adiposity has long been recognized but the mechanism remains incompletely understood. Previous studies suggested that adiposity was regulated by autophagy in response to energy status change. Here, we show that the energy sensor Sirt1 mediates sex difference in adiposity by regulating autophagy and adipogenesis in partnership with estrogen receptor α (ERα). Autophagy and adipogenesis were suppressed by Sirt1 activation or overexpression, which was associated with reduced sex difference in adiposity. Mechanistically, Sirt1 deacetylated and activated AKT and STAT3, resulting in suppression of autophagy and adipogenesis via mTOR-ULK1 and p55 cascades. ERα induced Sirt1 expression and inhibited autophagy in adipocytes, while silencing Sirt1 reversed the effects of ERα on autophagy and promoted adipogenesis. Moreover, Sirt1 deacetylated ERα, which constituted a positive feedback loop in the regulation of autophagy and adiposity. Our results revealed a new mechanism of Sirt1 regulating autophagy in adipocytes and shed light on sex difference in adiposity.
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24
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Lindhorst A, Bechmann I, Gericke M. Unspecific DNA recombination in AdipoqCre-ER T2 - mediated knockout approaches in transgenic mice is sex-, age- and genotype-dependent. Adipocyte 2020; 9:1-6. [PMID: 31842670 PMCID: PMC6959310 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1701394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the epidemic rise of obesity prevalence, adipose tissue (AT) research is of major interest. Our aim was to study specificity of the most-common Cre/loxP approach for inducible gene manipulation of AT in mice (AdipoqCre-ERT2). We used mice with tamoxifen-sensitive Cre recombinase controlled by the adiponectin promoter (AdipoqCre-ERT2), which were crossed to a tdTomato reporter mouse to visualize the site of recombination on a single-cell resolution. Albeit tamoxifen induced tdTomato expression in this model, also non-stimulated background recombination (‘Cre leakage’) was detected in AT of untreated Adipoq-CreERT2xTDTO mice in vivo. Quantification of Cre leakage revealed age, sex and genotype as factors impacting on non-induced Cre recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lindhorst
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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25
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Asghari A, Umetani M. Obesity and Cancer: 27-Hydroxycholesterol, the Missing Link. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4822. [PMID: 32650428 PMCID: PMC7404106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is currently affecting more than 40% of the Americans, and if it progresses with this rate, soon one out of two Americans will be obese. Obesity is an important risk factor for several disorders including cardiovascular disease, the first cause of death in the United States. Cancer follows as the second deadliest disease, and a link between obesity and cancer has been suggested. However, it is very hard to establish an exact connection between obesity and cancers due to the multifactorial nature of obesity. Hypercholesterolemia is a comorbidity of obesity and also linked to several cancers. Recently a cholesterol metabolite 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) was found to be an endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM), which opened new doors toward several interesting studies on the role of this molecule in biological disorders. It is speculated that 27HC might be the missing link in the obesity and cancer chain. Here, we explored the effects of 27-hydroxycholesterol on obesity and cancers with a focus on the SERM capacity of 27HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvand Asghari
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA;
| | - Michihisa Umetani
- Center for Nuclear Receptors and Cell Signaling, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA;
- HEALTH Research Institute, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5056, USA
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26
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Beneficial effects of tamoxifen on leptin sensitivity in young mice fed a high fat diet: Role of estrogen receptor α and cytokines. Life Sci 2020; 246:117384. [PMID: 32061672 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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27
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Yu H, Chhabra KH, Thompson Z, Jones GL, Kiran S, Shangguan G, Low MJ. Hypothalamic POMC deficiency increases circulating adiponectin despite obesity. Mol Metab 2020; 35:100957. [PMID: 32244188 PMCID: PMC7082555 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The steep rise in the prevalence of obesity and its related metabolic syndrome have become a major worldwide health concerns. Melanocortin peptides from hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (Arc) POMC neurons induce satiety to limit food intake. Consequently, Arc Pomc-deficient mice (ArcPomc−/−) exhibit hyperphagia and obesity. Previous studies demonstrated that the circulating levels of adiponectin, a protein abundantly produced and secreted by fat cells, negatively correlate with obesity in both rodents and humans. However, we found that ArcPomc−/− mice have increased circulating adiponectin levels despite obesity. Therefore, we investigated the physiological function and underlying mechanisms of hypothalamic POMC in regulating systemic adiponectin levels. Methods Circulating adiponectin was measured in obese ArcPomc−/− mice at ages 4–52 weeks. To determine whether increased adiponectin was a direct result of ArcPomc deficiency or a secondary effect of obesity, we examined plasma adiponectin levels in calorie-restricted mice with or without a history of obesity and in ArcPomc−/− mice before and after genetic restoration of Pomc expression in the hypothalamus. To delineate the mechanisms causing increased adiponectin in ArcPomc−/− mice, we determined sympathetic outflow to adipose tissue by assessing epinephrine, norepinephrine, and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels and measured the circulating adiponectin in the mice after acute norepinephrine or propranolol treatments. In addition, adiponectin mRNA and protein levels were measured in discrete adipose tissue depots to ascertain which fat depots contributed the most to the high level of adiponectin in the ArcPomc−/− mice. Finally, we generated compound Adiopoq−/−:ArcPomc−/− mice and compared their growth, body composition, and glucose homeostasis to the individual knockout mouse strains and their wild-type controls. Results Obese ArcPomc−/− female mice had unexpectedly increased plasma adiponectin compared to wild-type siblings at all ages greater than 8 weeks. Despite chronic calorie restriction to achieve normal body weights, higher adiponectin levels persisted in the ArcPomc−/− female mice. Genetic restoration of Pomc expression in the Arc or acute treatment of the ArcPomc−/− female mice with melanotan II reduced adiponectin levels to control littermate values. The ArcPomc−/− mice had defective thermogenesis and decreased epinephrine, norepinephrine, and tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels in their fat pads, indicating reduced sympathetic outflow to adipose tissue. Injections of norepinephrine into the ArcPomc−/− female mice reduced circulating adiponectin levels, whereas injections of propranolol significantly increased adiponectin levels. Despite the beneficial effects of adiponectin on metabolism, the deletion of adiponectin alleles in the ArcPomc−/− mice did not exacerbate their metabolic abnormalities. Conclusion In summary, to the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence that despite obesity, the ArcPomc−/− mouse model has high circulating adiponectin levels, which demonstrated that increased fat mass is not necessarily correlated with hypoadiponectinemia. Our investigation also found a previously unknown physiological pathway connecting POMC neurons via the sympathetic nervous system to circulating adiponectin, thereby shedding light on the biological regulation of adiponectin. Obese female hypothalamic-specific Pomc-deficient mice have unexpectedly elevated circulating adiponectin. Restoration of Pomc expression in the hypothalamus reduces plasma adiponectin. Low sympathetic output to subcutaneous fat depots in the Pomc-deficient mice contributes to high adiponectin levels. Deletion of adiponectin in hypothalamic-specific Pomc-deficient mice does not alter their metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA.
| | - Kavaljit H Chhabra
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Zoe Thompson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Graham L Jones
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sylee Kiran
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; School of Literature, Science, and Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary Shangguan
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA
| | - Malcolm J Low
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48105, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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28
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Marcelin G, Da Cunha C, Gamblin C, Suffee N, Rouault C, Leclerc A, Lacombe A, Sokolovska N, Gautier EL, Clément K, Dugail I. Autophagy inhibition blunts PDGFRA adipose progenitors' cell-autonomous fibrogenic response to high-fat diet. Autophagy 2020; 16:2156-2166. [PMID: 31992125 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2020.1717129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) fibrosis in obesity compromises adipocyte functions and responses to intervention-induced weight loss. It is driven by AT progenitors with dual fibro/adipogenic potential, but pro-fibrogenic pathways activated in obesity remain to be deciphered. To investigate the role of macroautophagy/autophagy in AT fibrogenesis, we used Pdgfra-CreErt2 transgenic mice to create conditional deletion of Atg7 alleles in AT progenitor cells (atg7 cKO) and examined sex-dependent, depot-specific AT remodeling in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Mice with atg7 cKO had markedly decreased extracellular matrix (ECM) gene expression in visceral, subcutaneous, and epicardial adipose depots compared to Atg7lox/lox littermates. ECM gene program regulation by autophagy inhibition occurred independently of changes in the mass of fat tissues or adipocyte numbers of specific depots, and cultured preadipocytes treated with pharmacological or siRNA-mediated autophagy disruptors could mimic these effects. We found that autophagy inhibition promotes global cell-autonomous remodeling of the paracrine TGF-BMP family landscape, whereas ECM gene modulation was independent of the autophagic regulation of GTF2IRD1. The progenitor-specific mouse model of ATG7 inhibition confirms the requirement of autophagy for white/beige adipocyte turnover, and combined to in vitro experiments, reveal progenitor autophagy dependence for AT fibrogenic response to HFD, through the paracrine remodeling of TGF-BMP factors balance. Abbreviations: CQ: chloroquine; ECM: extracellular matrix; EpiAT: epididymal adipose tissue; GTF2IRD1: general transcription factor II I repeat domain-containing 1; HFD: high-fat diet; KO: knockout; OvAT: ovarian adipose tissue; PDGFR: platelet derived growth factor receptor; ScAT: subcutaneous adipose tissue; TGF-BMP: transforming growth factor-bone morphogenic protein.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Da Cunha
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | - Camille Gamblin
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | | | | | - Arnaud Leclerc
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
| | - Amelie Lacombe
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition (ICAN) , Paris, France
| | | | | | - Karine Clément
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France.,Pitié-Salpêtrière hospital, Nutrition department, Asssistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris , Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Dugail
- UMRS1269 INSERM/Sorbonne University, Nutriomics , Paris, France
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29
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Zhao L, Wang B, Gomez NA, de Avila JM, Zhu MJ, Du M. Even a low dose of tamoxifen profoundly induces adipose tissue browning in female mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:226-234. [PMID: 30705393 PMCID: PMC6669124 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tamoxifen-inducible Cre/lox site-specific recombination technology has been widely used to generate conditional transgenic mice. As an estrogen receptor ligand, tamoxifen itself potentially affects energy metabolism, which may confound interpretation of data especially in metabolic studies. Considering sexual dimorphism, in this study, the effects of low-dose tamoxifen administration on energy metabolism, and browning of adipose tissues in female and male mice were investigated. METHODS Female and male C57/BL6 mice were injected with tamoxifen oil solution (i.p.) and then housed at both room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) and cold environment (6 ± 1 °C). Serum, brown and white adipose tissues were obtained, and the effects of tamoxifen administration on energy metabolism and the browning of adipose tissues were evaluated. RESULTS At 25 mg/kg body weight (BDW), tamoxifen administration for 3 alternative days decreased the percentage of inguinal and gonadal white adipose tissue weights in female mice accompanied by the up-regulation of thermogenesis in adipose tissues. In contrast, this dosage of tamoxifen did not induce noticeable changes in the energy metabolism and thermogenesis of adipose tissue in male mice under room temperature. Consistently, under cold stimulus, substantial browning of adipose tissues was observed in female mice injected with tamoxifen (50 mg/kg BDW, single injection) but not in male mice. Two-way ANOVA tests also demonstrated significant interactions between tamoxifen treatment and gender on the expression of thermogenic markers in adipose tissues. CONCLUSION Tamoxifen, even at a low dose, remarkably increases thermogenesis in adipose tissues of female mice; meanwhile, such a low dose could be used in male mice for inducing gene recombination without confounding the interpretation of data related to metabolism and thermogenesis of adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Noe Alberto Gomez
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Jeanene M de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, and School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA.
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King SE, Nilsson E, Beck D, Skinner MK. Adipocyte epigenetic alterations and potential therapeutic targets in transgenerationally inherited lean and obese phenotypes following ancestral exposures. Adipocyte 2019; 8:362-378. [PMID: 31755359 PMCID: PMC6948971 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1693747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past two decades with a prevalence of approximately 40% of the adult population within the United States. The current study examines the potential for transgenerational adipocyte (fat cell) epigenetic alterations. Adipocytes were isolated from the gonadal fat pad of the great-grand offspring F3 generation 1-year old rats ancestrally exposed to DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), atrazine, or vehicle control in order to obtain adipocytes for DNA methylation analysis. Observations indicate that there were differential DNA methylated regions (DMRs) in the adipocytes with the lean or obese phenotypes compared to control normal (non-obese or lean) populations. The comparison of epigenetic alterations indicated that there were substantial overlaps between the different treatment lineage groups for both the lean and obese phenotypes. Novel correlated genes and gene pathways associated with DNA methylation were identified, and may aid in the discovery of potential therapeutic targets for metabolic diseases such as obesity. Observations indicate that ancestral exposures during critical windows of development can induce the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of DNA methylation changes in adipocytes that ultimately may contribute to an altered metabolic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E. King
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eric Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Michael K. Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
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Birkett N, Al-Zoughool M, Bird M, Baan RA, Zielinski J, Krewski D. Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2019; 22:288-359. [PMID: 31631808 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2019.1643539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This review summarizes the carcinogenic mechanisms for 109 Group 1 human carcinogens identified as causes of human cancer through Volume 106 of the IARC Monographs. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) evaluates human, experimental and mechanistic evidence on agents suspected of inducing cancer in humans, using a well-established weight of evidence approach. The monographs provide detailed mechanistic information about all carcinogens. Carcinogens with closely similar mechanisms of action (e.g. agents emitting alpha particles) were combined into groups for the review. A narrative synopsis of the mechanistic profiles for the 86 carcinogens or carcinogen groups is presented, based primarily on information in the IARC monographs, supplemented with a non-systematic review. Most carcinogens included a genotoxic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Birkett
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Mustafa Al-Zoughool
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Bird
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Robert A Baan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jan Zielinski
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- McLaughlin Centre for Population Health Risk Assessment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
- Risk Sciences International, Ottawa, Canada
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32
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Cheng Z. The FoxO-Autophagy Axis in Health and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:658-671. [PMID: 31443842 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy controls cellular remodeling and quality control. Dysregulated autophagy has been implicated in several human diseases including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Current evidence has revealed that FoxO (forkhead box class O) transcription factors have a multifaceted role in autophagy regulation and dysregulation. Nuclear FoxOs transactivate genes that control the formation of autophagosomes and their fusion with lysosomes. Independently of transactivation, cytosolic FoxO proteins induce autophagy by directly interacting with autophagy proteins. Autophagy is also controlled by FoxOs through epigenetic mechanisms. Moreover, FoxO proteins can be degraded directly or indirectly by autophagy. Cutting-edge evidence is reviewed that the FoxO-autophagy axis plays a crucial role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Cheng
- Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, The University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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33
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Dludla PV, Mazibuko-Mbeje SE, Nyambuya TM, Mxinwa V, Tiano L, Marcheggiani F, Cirilli I, Louw J, Nkambule BB. The beneficial effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) against obesity associated complications: A systematic review of pre-clinical studies. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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34
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Sebo ZL, Rodeheffer MS. Assembling the adipose organ: adipocyte lineage segregation and adipogenesis in vivo. Development 2019; 146:dev172098. [PMID: 30948523 PMCID: PMC6467474 DOI: 10.1242/dev.172098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is composed of anatomically distinct depots that mediate several important aspects of energy homeostasis. The past two decades have witnessed increased research effort to elucidate the ontogenetic basis of adipose form and function. In this Review, we discuss advances in our understanding of adipose tissue development with particular emphasis on the embryonic patterning of depot-specific adipocyte lineages and adipocyte differentiation in vivo Micro-environmental cues and other factors that influence cell identity and cell behavior at various junctures in the adipocyte lineage hierarchy are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Sebo
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8016, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8073, USA
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Martinez Calejman C, Jung SM, Li H, Guertin DA. Brown fat organogenesis and maintenance requires AKT1 and AKT2. Mol Metab 2019; 23:60-74. [PMID: 30833219 PMCID: PMC6480051 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Understanding the signaling mechanisms that control brown adipose tissue (BAT) development is relevant to understanding energy homeostasis and obesity. The AKT kinases are insulin effectors with critical in vivo functions in adipocytes; however, their role in adipocyte development remains poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate AKT function in BAT development. Methods We conditionally deleted Akt1 and Akt2 either individually or together with Myf5-Cre, which targets early mesenchymal precursors that give rise to brown adipocytes. Because Myf5-Cre also targets skeletal muscle and some white adipocyte lineages, comparisons were made between AKT function in BAT versus white adipose tissue (WAT) and muscle development. We also deleted both Akt1 and Akt2 in mature brown adipocytes with Ucp1-Cre or Ucp1-CreER to investigate AKT1/2 signaling in BAT maintenance. Results AKT1 and AKT2 are individually dispensable in Myf5-Cre lineages in vivo for establishing brown and white adipocyte precursor cell pools and for their ability to differentiate (i.e. induce PPARγ). AKT1 and AKT2 are also dispensable for skeletal muscle development, and AKT3 does not compensate in either the adipocyte or muscle lineages. In contrast, AKT2 is required for adipocyte lipid filling and efficient downstream AKT substrate phosphorylation. Mice in which both Akt1 and Akt2 are deleted with Myf5-Cre lack BAT but have normal muscle mass, and doubly deleting Akt1 and Akt2 in mature brown adipocytes, either congenitally (with Ucp1-Cre), or inducibly in older mice (with Ucp1-CreER), also ablates BAT. Mechanistically, AKT signaling promotes adipogenesis in part by stimulating ChREBP activity. Conclusions AKT signaling is required in vivo for BAT development but dispensable for skeletal muscle development. AKT1 and AKT2 have both overlapping and distinct functions in BAT development with AKT2 being the most critical individual isoform. AKT1 and AKT2 also have distinct and complementary functions in BAT maintenance. AKT1 is dispensable for the differentiation of Myf5-lineage adipocytes. AKT2 regulates adipocyte cell size and body fat distribution. AKT1 and AKT2 exhibit some compensatory functions in BAT development and maintenance. AKT1 and AKT2 are dispensable in the Myf5-lineage for muscle development. ChREBP may function downstream of Akt1/Akt2 in brown adipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
| | - Camila Martinez Calejman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Su Myung Jung
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Huawei Li
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David A Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Lei Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Resende AD, Leal S, Batista‐Pinto C, Garcez F, Sá SI. Hepatic effects of long‐term tamoxifen administration to cycling female rats. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22293. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albina Dolores Resende
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS)Gandra Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR)Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Sandra Leal
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS)Gandra Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of PortoPorto Portugal
| | - Carla Batista‐Pinto
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS)Gandra Portugal
- Interdisciplinary Center of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR)Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Fernanda Garcez
- CESPU, Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (IINFACTS)Gandra Portugal
| | - Susana Isabel Sá
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Faculty of Medicine, University of PortoPorto Portugal
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of BiomedicineFaculty of Medicine of the University of PortoPorto Portugal
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Abstract
Adipose tissue regulates metabolic homeostasis by acting as an endocrine organ and energy reservoir. Adipose tissue development and functional maintenance are dependent on adipocyte differentiation, in which autophagy plays an important role. It has been shown that autophagy deficiency dampens adipocyte differentiation, compromises adipose tissue development, dysregulates adipocytokine secretion, and even causes sudden death in young animals. Therefore, accurate assessment of autophagy in adipocyte is critical for the study of adipose biology or pathology of metabolic diseases. In this chapter, we described the procedure of autophagy analysis during adipocyte differentiation, and discussed the power of steady-state autophagy protein (e.g., beclin 1, LC3, and p62) levels versus autophagy flux to reflect autophagy activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Tao
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Longhua Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Louise D Zheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Zhiyong Cheng
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise, Fralin Translational Obesity Research Center, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Virginia Tech, 1981 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Evaluation of progressive hepatic histopathology in long-term tamoxifen therapy. Pathol Res Pract 2018; 214:2115-2120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Azizian H, Khaksari M, Asadikaram G, Sepehri G, Najafipour H. Therapeutic effects of tamoxifen on metabolic parameters and cytokines modulation in rat model of postmenopausal diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction: Role of classic estrogen receptors. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 65:190-198. [PMID: 30316077 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In postmenopausal women, the risk of diabetic cardiovascular disease drastically increases compared with that of premenopausal women. In the present study we surveyed the effects of Tamoxifen (TAM) and 17-β-estradiol (E2) on diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction. Female wistar rats were divided into six groups: sham-control, Diabetes, Ovariectomized (OVX) + Diabetes, OVX + Diabetes + Vehicle, OVX + Diabetes + E2, OVX + Diabetes + TAM. Type 2 diabetes was induced by High Fat Diet and low doses of STZ. E2 and TAM were administrated every four days for four weeks. Results show that, TAM or E2 reduces cardiac weight, atherogenic and cardiac risk indices. Mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) increased in diabetes group, while TAM and E2 prevented MABP increment. Also, fasting blood glucose was decreased by TAM and E2. Significant decrement in the level of IL-10 was observed in diabetes group and this effect was abolished by TAM and E2. Also, treatment with TAM and E2 resulted in improved inflammatory balance in favor of anti-inflammation. Although diabetes resulted in, increment of TC and LDL, TAM and E2 reduced lipids profile. Furthermore, treatment with TAM prevented the reduction of estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β protein levels, but its effect on the ERβ protein level was higher. Our results indicated that TAM protects against diabetic cardiovascular dysfunction and is a good candidate for E2 substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Azizian
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research, and Physiology Research Centers, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Asadikaram
- Department of Biochemistry, and Metabolism & Endocrinology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Sepehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman Univerity of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Najafipour
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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40
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Liu Z, Cheng Y, Luan Y, Zhong W, Lai H, Wang H, Yu H, Yang Y, Feng N, Yuan F, Huang R, He Z, Zhang F, Yan M, Yin H, Guo F, Zhai Q. Short-term tamoxifen treatment has long-term effects on metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice with involvement of Nmnat2 in POMC neurons. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3305-3316. [PMID: 30192985 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Short-term tamoxifen treatment has effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in mice fed chow. However, its effects on metabolism in mice fed high-fat diet (HFD) and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we show that tamoxifen treatment for 5 days decreases fat mass for as long as 18 weeks in mice fed HFD. Tamoxifen alters mRNA levels of some genes involved in lipid metabolism in white adipose tissue and improves glucose and insulin tolerance as well as hepatic insulin signaling for 12-20 weeks. Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neuron-specific deletion of nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase 2 (Nmnat2) attenuates the effects of tamoxifen on glucose and insulin tolerance. These data demonstrate that short-term injection of tamoxifen has long-term effects on lipid and glucose metabolism in HFD mice with involvement of Nmnat2 in POMC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Luan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuling Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hejin Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Yale Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Feixiang Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhishui He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Menghong Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Feifan Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiwei Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, 200093, China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fat grafting has become an important tool for breast reconstruction in breast cancer patients. Tamoxifen, the hormone therapy agent most frequently used for breast cancer, can affect adipose metabolism and cause browning of adipose tissue. This study hypothesized that tamoxifen could increase fat graft survival by altering adipose metabolism. METHODS C57/BL6 mice were divided into three groups receiving different treatments before and after fat grafting. The tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group was pretreated with daily tamoxifen for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily tamoxifen. The graft/tamoxifen group was pretreated with daily phosphate-buffered saline for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily tamoxifen. The control group was pretreated with daily phosphate-buffered saline for 8 weeks, received fat grafting, and was treated with daily phosphate-buffered saline. The inguinal fat used for transplantation and the transferred fat at weeks 4 and 12 after transplantation were harvested and analyzed. RESULTS Tamoxifen-pretreated inguinal fat showed beige fat features, with smaller adipocyte size, up-regulated uncoupling protein 1 expression, and improved vascularization. The retention rate of transferred fat was significantly higher in the tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group than in the control group (69 ± 12 percent versus 36 ± 13 percent; p < 0.05), but fat grafts in the graft/tamoxifen group had a retention rate similar to that in the control group (31 ± 12 percent versus 36 ± 13 percent; p > 0.05). Improved angiogenesis and increased vascular endothelial growth factor expression were found in the tamoxifen/grafting/tamoxifen group but not in the graft/tamoxifen group. CONCLUSIONS Tamoxifen treatment before fat grafting resulted in prefabricated vascularized beige fat with small adipocytes, which greatly improve fat graft survival. However, tamoxifen after fat grafting did not affect fat graft evolution.
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Estradiol signaling mediates gender difference in visceral adiposity via autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:309. [PMID: 29472585 PMCID: PMC5833393 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive adiposity (particularly visceral fat mass) increases the risks of developing metabolic syndrome. Women have lower deposit of visceral fat than men, and this pattern becomes diminished postmenopausally, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we show that the gender difference in visceral fat distribution is controlled by an estradiol-autophagy axis. In C57BL/6J and wild-type control mice, a higher visceral fat mass was detected in the males than in the females, which was associated with lower expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and more active autophagy in males vs. females. However, deletion of ERα normalized autophagy activity and abolished the gender difference in visceral adiposity. In line with the adiposity-reducing effect of the ERα-autophagy axis, we found that downregulation of ERα and increased autophagy activity were required for adipogenesis, while induction of estradiol signaling dampened autophagy and drastically prevented adipogenesis. Mechanistically, the estradiol-ERα signaling activated mTOR, which phosphorylated and inhibited ULK1, thereby suppressing autophagy and adipogenesis. Together, our study suggests that the lower visceral adiposity in the females (vs. the males) arises from a more active estradiol-ERα signaling, which tunes down autophagy and adipogenesis.
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43
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Egner IM, Bruusgaard JC, Gundersen K. Satellite cell depletion prevents fiber hypertrophy in skeletal muscle. Development 2017; 143:2898-906. [PMID: 27531949 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The largest mammalian cells are the muscle fibers, and they have multiple nuclei to support their large cytoplasmic volumes. During hypertrophic growth, new myonuclei are recruited from satellite stem cells into the fiber syncytia, but it was recently suggested that such recruitment is not obligatory: overload hypertrophy after synergist ablation of the plantaris muscle appeared normal in transgenic mice in which most of the satellite cells were abolished. When we essentially repeated these experiments analyzing the muscles by immunohistochemistry and in vivo and ex vivo imaging, we found that overload hypertrophy was prevented in the satellite cell-deficient mice, in both the plantaris and the extensor digitorum longus muscles. We attribute the previous findings to a reliance on muscle mass as a proxy for fiber hypertrophy, and to the inclusion of a significant number of regenerating fibers in the analysis. We discuss that there is currently no model in which functional, sustainable hypertrophy has been unequivocally demonstrated in the absence of satellite cells; an exception is re-growth, which can occur using previously recruited myonuclei without addition of new myonuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M Egner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway
| | - Jo C Bruusgaard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, P.O. Box 1190, Sentrum, Oslo N-0107, Norway
| | - Kristian Gundersen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway
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Guillaume M, Handgraaf S, Fabre A, Raymond-Letron I, Riant E, Montagner A, Vinel A, Buscato M, Smirnova N, Fontaine C, Guillou H, Arnal JF, Gourdy P. Selective Activation of Estrogen Receptor α Activation Function-1 Is Sufficient to Prevent Obesity, Steatosis, and Insulin Resistance in Mouse. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2017; 187:1273-1287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Egner IM, Bruusgaard JC, Gundersen K. An apparent lack of effect of satellite cell depletion on hypertrophy could be due to methodological limitations. Response to ‘Methodological issues limit interpretation of negative effects of satellite cell depletion on adult muscle hypertrophy’. Development 2017; 144:1365-1367. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.148163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid M. Egner
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway
| | - Jo C. Bruusgaard
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway
- Department of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, P.O. Box 1190, Sentrum, Oslo N-0107, Norway
| | - Kristian Gundersen
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo N-0316, Norway
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Reversible modulation of SIRT1 activity in a mouse strain. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173002. [PMID: 28273169 PMCID: PMC5342236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The SIRT1 protein deacetylase is reported to have a remarkably wide spectrum of biological functions affecting such varied processes as aging, cancer, metabolism, neurodegeneration and immunity. However, the SIRT1 literature is also full of contradictions. To help establish the role(s) of SIRT1 in these and other biological processes, we set out to create a mouse in which the SIRT1 activity could be toggled between on and off states by fusing the estrogen receptor ligand-binding domain (ER) to the C terminus of the SIRT1 protein. We found that the catalytic activity of the SIRT1-ER fusion protein increased 4–5 fold in cells treated with its ligand, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (4OHT). The 4OHT-induced activation of SIRT1-ER was due in large part to a 2 to 4-fold increase in abundance of the SIRT1-ER protein in cells in culture and in tissues in vivo. This increase is reversible and is a consequence of 4OHT-induced stabilization of the SIRT1-ER protein. Since changes in SIRT1 level or activity of 2–4 fold are frequently reported to be sufficient to affect its biological functions, this mouse should be helpful in establishing the causal relationships between SIRT1 and the diseases and processes it affects.
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Di Daniele N, Noce A, Vidiri MF, Moriconi E, Marrone G, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, D’Urso G, Tesauro M, Rovella V, De Lorenzo A. Impact of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome, cancer and longevity. Oncotarget 2017; 8:8947-8979. [PMID: 27894098 PMCID: PMC5352455 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity symbolizes a major public health problem. Overweight and obesity are associated to the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and to adipose tissue dysfunction. The adipose tissue is metabolically active and an endocrine organ, whose dysregulation causes a low-grade inflammatory state and ectopic fat depositions. The Mediterranean Diet represents a possible therapy for metabolic syndrome, preventing adiposopathy or "sick fat" formation.The Mediterranean Diet exerts protective effects in elderly subjects with and without baseline of chronic diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between cancer and obesity. In the US, diet represents amount 30-35% of death causes related to cancer. Currently, the cancer is the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases worldwide. Furthermore, populations living in the Mediterranean area have a decreased incidence of cancer compared with populations living in Northern Europe or the US, likely due to healthier dietary habits. The bioactive food components have a potential preventive action on cancer. The aims of this review are to evaluate the impact of Mediterranean Diet on onset, progression and regression of metabolic syndrome, cancer and on longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Di Daniele
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Vidiri
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Eleonora Moriconi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | | | - Gabriele D’Urso
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Manfredi Tesauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Valentina Rovella
- Department of Systems Medicine, Hypertension and Nephrology Unit, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
| | - Antonino De Lorenzo
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Division of Clinical Nutrition and Nutrigenomic, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Italy
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48
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Abstract
The ability to maintain and expand the pool of adipocytes in adults is integral to the regulation of energy balance, tissue/stem cell homeostasis, and disease pathogenesis. For decades, our knowledge of adipocyte precursors has relied on cellular models. The identity of native adipocyte precursors has remained unclear. Recent studies have identified distinct adipocyte precursor populations that are physiologically regulated and contribute to the development, maintenance, and expansion of adipocyte pools in mice. With new tools available, the properties of adipocyte precursors can now be defined, and the regulation and function of adipose plasticity in development and physiology can be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Hepler
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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49
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Abstract
Positive energy balance contributes to adipose tissue expansion and dysfunction, which accounts largely for obesity and related metabolic disorders. Thermogenic fat can dissipate energy, activation or induction of which may promote energy balance and address the pressing health issues. Recent studies have shown that stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from white adipose tissue (WAT) can develop both white and brown-like adipocyte phenotypes, thus serving as a unique model to study adipogenesis and thermogenesis. Here, we describe a protocol for effective isolation of mouse SVF from WAT, induction of differentiation, and detection of adipogenesis. Success tips for isolation and culture of SVF are also discussed.
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GPR30 regulates diet-induced adiposity in female mice and adipogenesis in vitro. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34302. [PMID: 27698362 PMCID: PMC5048424 DOI: 10.1038/srep34302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies showed that GPR30, a seven-transmembrane G-protein-coupled receptor, is a novel estrogen receptor (ER) that mediates some biological events elicited by estrogen in several types of cancer cells. However, its physiological or pathological role in vivo is unclear. Here, we show that GPR30 knockout (GPRKO) female mice were protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, blood glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. The decreased body weight gain in GPRKO female mice is due to the reduction in body fat mass. These effects occurred in the absence of significant changes in food intake, intestinal fat absorption, triglyceride metabolism, or energy expenditure. However, GPR30 had no significant metabolic effects in male mice fed the HFD and both sexes of mice fed a chow diet. Further, GPR30 expression levels in fat tissues of WT obese female mice were greatly increased, whereas ERα and β expression was not altered. Deletion of GPR30 reduced adipogenic differentiation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells. Conversely, activation of GPR30 enhanced adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These findings provide evidence for the first time that GPR30 promotes adipogenesis and therefore the development of obesity in female mice exposed to excess fat energy.
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