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Carballo-Casla A, Stefler D, Ortolá R, Chen Y, Knuppel A, Kubinova R, Pajak A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Brunner EJ, Bobak M. The Southern European Atlantic diet and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a European multicohort study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:358-367. [PMID: 38102063 PMCID: PMC10873144 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The Southern European Atlantic diet (SEAD) is the traditional dietary pattern of northwestern Spain and northern Portugal, but it may resemble that of central, eastern, and western European countries. The SEAD has been found associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction and mortality in older adults, but it is uncertain whether this association also exists in other European populations and if it is similar as that found in its countries of origin. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a prospective analysis of four cohorts with 35 917 subjects aged 18-96 years: ENRICA (Spain), HAPIEE (Czechia and Poland), and Whitehall II (United Kingdom). The SEAD comprised fresh fish, cod, red meat and pork products, dairy, legumes and vegetables, vegetable soup, potatoes, whole-grain bread, and moderate wine consumption. Associations were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, energy intake, lifestyle, and morbidity. After a median follow-up of 13.6 years (range = 0-15), we recorded 4 973 all-cause, 1 581 cardiovascular, and 1 814 cancer deaths. Higher adherence to the SEAD was associated with lower mortality in the pooled sample. Fully adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval per 1-standard deviation increment in the SEAD were 0.92 (0.89, 0.95), 0.91 (0.86, 0.96), and 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) for all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, respectively. The association of the SEAD with all-cause mortality was not significantly different between countries [Spain = 0.93 (0.88, 0.99), Czechia = 0.94 (0.89,0.99), Poland = 0.89 (0.85, 0.93), United Kingdom = 0.98 (0.89, 1.07); P for interaction = 0.16]. CONCLUSION The SEAD was associated with lower all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality in southern, central, eastern, and western European populations. Associations were of similar magnitude as those found for existing healthy dietary patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Carballo-Casla
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Tomtebodavägen 18 A SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuntao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | | | - Ruzena Kubinova
- Department of Environmental Health and Population Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 49/48, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Ulica Skawińska 8, 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology Group, CEI UAM+CSIC, IMDEA Research Institute on Food & Health Sciences, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 267/2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic
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Carballo-Casla A, Stefler D, Ortolá R, Chen Y, Knuppel A, Ruiz M, Kozela M, Kubinova R, Pajak A, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Brunner EJ, Bobak M. The Southern European Atlantic diet and depression risk: a European multicohort study. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3475-3483. [PMID: 37353584 PMCID: PMC10618086 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The Southern European Atlantic diet (SEAD) is the traditional dietary pattern of north-western Spain and northern Portugal, but it may resemble that of other European countries. The SEAD has been found associated with lower risk for myocardial infarction and mortality. Since dietary patterns may also influence mental health, we examined the association between the SEAD and depression risk in southern, central, eastern, and western European populations. We conducted a prospective analysis of five cohorts (13,297 participants aged 45-92 years, free of depression at baseline): Seniors-ENRICA-1 and Seniors-ENRICA-2 (Spain), HAPIEE (Czechia and Poland), and Whitehall-II (United Kingdom). The SEAD comprised cod, other fresh fish, red meat and pork products, dairy, legumes and vegetables, vegetable soup, potatoes, whole-grain bread, and moderate wine consumption. Depression at follow-up was defined according to presence of depressive symptoms (based on available scales), use of prescribed antidepressants, inpatient admissions, or self-reported diagnosis. Associations were adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary variables. During a median follow-up of 3.9 years (interquartile range 3.4-4.9), there were 1437 new depression cases. Higher adherence to the SEAD was associated with lower depression risk in the pooled sample. Individual food groups showed a similar tendency, albeit non-significant. The fully adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per 1-standard deviation increment in the SEAD was 0.91 (0.86, 0.96). This association was rather consistent across countries [Spain = 0.86 (0.75, 0.99), Czechia = 0.86 (0.75, 0.99), Poland = 0.97 (0.89, 1.06), United Kingdom = 0.85 (0.75, 0.97); p for interaction = 0.24], and was of similar magnitude as that found for existing healthy dietary patterns. In conclusion, the SEAD was associated with lower depression risk across European populations. This may support the development of mood disorder guidelines for Southern European Atlantic regions based on their traditional diet, and for central, eastern, and western European populations based on the SEAD food groups that are culturally rooted in these places.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Carballo-Casla
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuntao Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Milagros Ruiz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Magdalena Kozela
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. Center for Networked Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Research Institute on Food & Health Sciences. CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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Carballo-Casla A, García-Esquinas E, Banegas JR, Rodríguez-Artalejo F, Ortolá R. Fish consumption, omega-3 fatty acid intake, and risk of pain: the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:2587-2595. [PMID: 36240701 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Omega-3 fatty acids have anti-inflammatory and analgesic (anti-nociceptive) actions. However, the relation of habitual omega-3 fatty acid intake and fish consumption - its main food source - with pain remains largely unknown. We examined the association of fish consumption and marine omega-3 fatty acid intake with pain incidence and worsening over 5 years among older adults. METHODS Data were taken from the Seniors - ENRICA-1 cohort, which included 950 individuals aged ≥60 years in Spain. Habitual fish consumption and marine omega-3 fatty acid intake during the previous year were assessed in 2008-2010 and 2012 with a validated diet history. Pain was assessed in 2012 and 2017 with a scale developed from the Survey on Chronic Pain in Europe, ranging from 0 (no pain) to 6 (highest pain), according to its severity, frequency, and number of locations. Analyses on pain incidence were conducted in the 524 participants free of pain at baseline, while those on pain worsening were performed in the overall cohort, and both were adjusted for sociodemographic variables, lifestyle, morbidity, and diet quality. RESULTS Higher oily fish consumption was associated with reduced pain incidence and worsening over 5 years [fully adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) = 0.68 (0.50,0.94) and 0.70 (0.55,0.88) for every 25 g/day increment (1.5 servings/week), respectively]. Total and white fish consumption were not associated with pain. Higher marine omega-3 fatty acid intake was inversely associated with pain worsening [odds ratio (95% confidence interval) per 0.5 g/day increment = 0.83 (0.72,0.96)]. The corresponding associations for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were 0.53 (0.33,0.87) and 0.73 (0.57,0.94). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of Spanish older adults, increased oily fish consumption was inversely associated with pain incidence and worsening over 5 years, while higher marine omega-3 fatty acid intake (and that of EPA and DHA) was linked to less pain worsening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Carballo-Casla
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Esther García-Esquinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; National Center of Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 5, Hall 12, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José R Banegas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rodríguez-Artalejo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Food Institute. CEI UAM+CSIC, Carretera de Canto Blanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Ortolá
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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The association of mycoprotein-based food consumption with diet quality, energy intake and non-communicable diseases' risk in the UK adult population using the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) years 2008/2009-2016/2017: a cross-sectional study. Br J Nutr 2022; 127:1685-1694. [PMID: 34134798 DOI: 10.1017/s000711452100218x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Mycoprotein is a fungal-based ingredient rich in fibre and protein used in meat substitutes called Quorn. Fibre and protein positively regulate glycaemia, lipidaemia and energy intake which are non-communicable diseases' (NCD) markers. We performed a cross-sectional study to investigate the association of mycoprotein intake with diet quality, nutrient, energy intake and NCD risk within 5507 UK free-living adults from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey from years 2008/2009 to 2016/2017. Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) and healthy diet index (HDI) were calculated to estimate diet quality. Comparison between mycoprotein consumers (>1 % kcal) and non-consumers, and associations between consumers and nutrient intakes, NCD's risk markers and diet quality were investigated using a survey-adjusted general linear model adjusted for sex, age, BMI, ethnicity, socio-economic, smoking status, region of residency, total energy, energy density, HDI and non-mycoprotein fibre intake. Mycoprotein consumers (3·44 % of the cohort) had a higher intake of dietary fibre (+22·18 %, P < 0·001), DASH score (+23·33 %) and HDI (+8·89 %) (P < 0·001, both) and lower BMI (-4·77 %, P = 0·00) v. non-consumers. There was an association (P = 0·00) between mycoprotein consumers and diet quality scores (+0·19 and +0·26), high fibre (+3·17 g), total and food energy (+3·09 and +0·22 kcal), but low energy density intakes (-0·08 kcal/g, P = 0·04). Consumers were negatively associated with fasting blood glucose (-0·31 mmol/l, P = 0·00) and glycated HbA1c (-0·15 %, P = 0·01). In conclusion, mycoprotein intake is associated with lower glycaemic markers and energy density intake, and high fibre, energy intake and diet quality scores.
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Hrezova E, Bobak M, Capkova N, Stefler D, Pikhart H. Low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with poor self-rated health in the Czech part of the HAPIEE study. Nutr Health 2021; 29:269-276. [PMID: 34931934 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211069209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although fruits and vegetables are considered a pillar of healthy eating, previous evidence suggests that their consumption in Eastern European countries is low, and their association with health outcomes has rarely been researched in this region. Aim: To examine the effect of fruit and vegetable intake on self-rated health (SRH) in the Czech arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort study. Methods: Dietary data on fruit and vegetable intake was measured at baseline using food frequency questionnaires, and SRH from the second wave was chosen as the main outcome. The relationship between fruit and vegetable intake and SRH was analysed using multivariable ordinal regression. Results: A total of 4255 persons aged 45-69, in good and very good SRH at baseline were included in the longitudinal analysis, with a median follow-up time of 3.7 years. In the second wave, 218 (5.1%) individuals reported poor or very poor SRH. In the fully adjusted model, individuals in the lowest fruit and vegetable intake quartile had higher odds of poor SRH compared to those in the highest quartile (OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.01-1.52). When examined separately, the results were similar: for vegetables (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.03-1.51) and fruit (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.97-1.44). Conclusion: The observed longitudinal association suggests that low fruit and vegetable intake is associated with poor SRH in the Czech Republic. Considering almost half of our sample reported less than the daily recommended intake of 400 grams of fruits and vegetables, higher consumption should be supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliska Hrezova
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, 37748Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, D29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bobak
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, 37748Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, D29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 4919University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Nadezda Capkova
- 37739The National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 49/48, 100 00 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Denes Stefler
- Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 4919University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment, Faculty of Science, 37748Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, D29, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.,Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, 4919University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK
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Hubacek JA, Nikitin Y, Ragino Y, Stakhneva E, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Holmes MV, Stefler D, Ryabikov A, Verevkin E, Bobak M, Malyutina S. Longitudinal trajectories of blood lipid levels in an ageing population sample of Russian Western-Siberian urban population. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260229. [PMID: 34855783 PMCID: PMC8638938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated 12-year blood lipid trajectories and whether these trajectories are modified by smoking and lipid lowering treatment in older Russians. To do so, we analysed data on 9,218 Russian West-Siberian Caucasians aged 45-69 years at baseline participating in the international HAPIEE cohort study. Mixed-effect multilevel models were used to estimate individual level lipid trajectories across the baseline and two follow-up examinations (16,445 separate measurements over 12 years). In all age groups, we observed a reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C and non-HDL-C over time even after adjusting for sex, statin treatment, hypertension, diabetes, social factors and mortality (P<0.01). In contrast, serum triglyceride (TG) values increased over time in younger age groups, reached a plateau and decreased in older age groups (> 60 years at baseline). In smokers, TC, LDL-C, non-HDL-C and TG decreased less markedly than in non-smokers, while HDL-C decreased more rapidly while the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased. In subjects treated with lipid-lowering drugs, TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C decreased more markedly and HDL-C less markedly than in untreated subjects while TG and LDL-C/HDL-C remained stable or increased in treatment naïve subjects. We conclude, that in this ageing population we observed marked changes in blood lipids over a 12 year follow up, with decreasing trajectories of TC, LDL-C and non-HDL-C and mixed trajectories of TG. The findings suggest that monitoring of age-related trajectories in blood lipids may improve prediction of CVD risk beyond single measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaroslav A. Hubacek
- Experimental Medicine Centre, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- 3 Department on Internal Medicine, 1 Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Yuri Nikitin
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine–Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yulia Ragino
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine–Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Stakhneva
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine–Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael V. Holmes
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrey Ryabikov
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine–Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Eugeny Verevkin
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine–Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine–Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Parastouei K, Sepandi M, Eskandari E. Predicting the 10-year risk of cardiovascular diseases and its relation to healthy diet indicator in Iranian military personnel. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:419. [PMID: 34482840 PMCID: PMC8419937 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-02231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epidemiological studies indicate increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among military personnel. Accordingly, identification of at-risk individuals and lifestyle modification such as improving diet quality can potentially inhibits the increasing trend of CVD mortality. The aim of this study was predicting the 10-year risk of CVD and its association with healthy diet indicator (HDI) among military personnel. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 400 male military personnel within the age range of 30–75 years were included. HDI score was calculated based on food frequency questionnaire, and the 10-year risk of CVD was evaluated using Framingham risk score (FRS). The FRS items include age, gender, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, status of diabetes and smoking. Partial correlation test was employed to investigate the relationship between Framingham risk score and HDI score. Results The mean age and body mass index (BMI) of participants were 38.67 ± 5.3 year and 25.28 ± 3.22 kg/m2, respectively. Prediction of FRS was as follows: 96.5% were low risk, 2% were moderate risk, and 1.5% were high risk. The mean HDI score of participants in this study was 5.98 ± 1.36. While HDI score did not show a significant correlation with FRS (r: − 0.009, p:0.860), increased dietary sodium intake had a significant positive correlation with FRS (r: 0.114, p:0.026). Conclusion The most of participants (96.5%) had in low risk of CVD development in the next 10 years. Meanwhile, the FRS showed no significant relationship with HDI score. Further researches are required to confirm the results of the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Parastouei
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mojtaba Sepandi
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eslam Eskandari
- Health Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Gąska I, Sygit K, Cipora E, Sygit M, Pacian A, Surmach M, Kaleta D, Rzeźnicki A. Assessment of the Health Behaviours and Value-Based Health Analysis of People Aged 50+ Who Were Hospitalized Due to Cardiovascular Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18084221. [PMID: 33923460 PMCID: PMC8074081 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The basic determinant of healthy behaviour—among other human behaviours—is the fact that it consistently affects health. Nowadays, health behaviour studies are considered to be an important method of measuring the health of a population. Objective: To assess the health behaviours and value-based health analysis of people aged 50+ who were hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease, depending on the selected descriptive variables. Materials and methods: The study was conducted between April 2018 and December 2018 among 411 subjects aged 50+ who were hospitalized due to cardiovascular disease at the Independent Public Health Care Unit in Sanok (Podkarpackie voivodship in Poland). The method used in the study was a diagnostic survey. The study used the authors’ survey questionnaire and two standardized tests: Inventory of Health-Related Behaviour (IHB) and List of Health Criteria (LHC). A statistical analysis was carried out in the R program, version 3.5.1. The obtained results were subjected to thorough statistical analysis using the following tests: Student’s t, Mann–Whitney U, ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis, Fisher’s Least Significant Difference (LSD), Pearson, and Spearman. Results: The strongest correlation between health status and health behaviours (according to the IHB questionnaire) was in the area of ‘health practices’, while the lowest correlation was found in the areas of ‘correct eating habits’ and ‘preventive behaviours’. Based on the LHC questionnaire, the most important health criteria according to the subjects were ‘not feeling any physical ailments’; ‘having all body parts functional’; ‘feeling well’; ‘eating properly’; and ‘infrequent need of going to the doctor’. A positive correlation was found in the group of respondents where the ‘preventive health behaviours’ were more intense; herein, the more important criterion for the respondents was ‘eating properly’. Conclusions: Respondents aged 50+ and hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases indicated (based on the IHB questionnaire) that health behaviours in the area of ‘health practices’ had the strongest correlation with their health, while the lowest correlation was found in the areas of ‘correct eating habits’ and ‘preventive behaviours’. According to the respondents, the most important criteria determining health (according to the LHC questionnaire) included ’not feeling any physical ailments’; ‘having all body parts functional’; ‘feeling well’; ‘eating properly’; and ‘infrequent need of going to the doctor’. Based on the information collected from the respondents, it was found that the most important criteria determining health depended on selected descriptive variables, such as age, gender, place of residence, education, and marital status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Gąska
- Medical Institute, Jan Godek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (I.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Katarzyna Sygit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elżbieta Cipora
- Medical Institute, Jan Godek State University in Sanok, 38-500 Sanok, Poland; (I.G.); (E.C.)
| | - Marian Sygit
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Calisia University, 62-800 Kalisz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pacian
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maryna Surmach
- Head of the Department of Public Health and Health Services, Grodno State Medical University, 230009 Grodno, Belarus;
| | - Dorota Kaleta
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Rzeźnicki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland;
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Herforth AW, Wiesmann D, Martínez-Steele E, Andrade G, Monteiro CA. Introducing a Suite of Low-Burden Diet Quality Indicators That Reflect Healthy Diet Patterns at Population Level. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa168. [PMID: 33344879 PMCID: PMC7723758 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few low-burden indicators of diet quality exist to track trends over time at low cost and with low technical expertise requirements. OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop and validate a suite of low-burden indicators to reflect adherence to global dietary recommendations. METHODS Using nationally representative, cross-sectional, quantitative dietary intake datasets from Brazil and the United States, we tested the association of food-group scores with quantitative consumption aligned with 11 global dietary recommendations. We updated the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) to include current quantifiable recommendations of the WHO (HDI-2020). We developed 3 food-group-based scores-an overall Global Dietary Recommendations (GDR) score as an indicator of all 11 recommendations composed of 2 subcomponents: GDR-Healthy, an indicator of the recommendations on "healthy" foods, and GDR-Limit, an indicator of the recommendations on dietary components to limit. We tested associations between these scores and the HDI-2020 and its respective subcomponents. We developed 9 dichotomous food-group-based indicators to reflect adherence to the global recommendations for fruits and vegetables, dietary fiber, free sugars, saturated fat, total fat, legumes, nuts and seeds, whole grains, and processed meats. We conducted receiver operating characteristic and sensitivity-specificity analyses to determine whether the dichotomous indicators were valid to predict adherence to the recommendations in both countries. RESULTS The GDR score and its subcomponents were moderately to strongly associated with the HDI-2020 and its respective subcomponents (absolute values of rank correlation coefficients ranged from 0.55 to 0.66). Of the 9 dichotomous indicators, 8 largely met the criteria for predicting individual global dietary recommendations in both countries; 1 indicator (total fat) did not perform satisfactorily. CONCLUSIONS Food-group consumption data can be used to indicate adherence to quantitative global dietary recommendations at population level. These indicators may be used to track progress of countries and populations toward meeting WHO guidance on healthy diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Herforth
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Giovanna Andrade
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos A Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Morales-Salinas A, Olsen MH, Kones R, Kario K, Wang J, Beilin L, Weber MA, Yano Y, Burrell L, Orias M, Cameroon DA, Lavie CJ, Ventura H, Sundström J, de Simone G, Coca A, Rumana U, Marrugat J. Second Consensus on Treatment of Patients Recently Diagnosed With Mild Hypertension and Low Cardiovascular Risk. Curr Probl Cardiol 2020; 45:100653. [PMID: 32828558 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2020.100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Miller V, Webb P, Micha R, Mozaffarian D. Defining diet quality: a synthesis of dietary quality metrics and their validity for the double burden of malnutrition. Lancet Planet Health 2020; 4:e352-e370. [PMID: 32800153 PMCID: PMC7435701 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(20)30162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving most of the UN Sustainable Development Goals requires a strong focus on addressing the double burden of malnutrition, which includes both diet-related maternal and child health (MCH) and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Although, the most optimal dietary metric for assessing malnutrition remains unclear. Our aim was to review available global dietary quality metrics (hereafter referred to as dietary metrics) and evidence for their validity to assess MCH and NCD outcomes, both separately and together. A systematic search of PubMed was done to identify meta-analyses or narrative reviews evaluating validity of diet metrics in relation to nutrient adequacy or health outcomes. We identified seven dietary metrics aiming to address MCH and 12 for NCDs, no dietary metrics addressed both together. Four NCD dietary metrics (Mediterranean Diet Score, Alternative Healthy Eating Index, Healthy Eating Index, and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) had convincing evidence of protective associations with specific NCD outcomes, mainly mortality, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and total cancer. The remaining NCD dietary metrics and all MCH dietary metrics were not convincingly validated against MCH or NCD health outcomes. None of the dietary metrics had been validated against both MCH and NCD outcomes. These findings highlight major gaps in assessing and addressing diet to achieve global targets and effective policy action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Miller
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Patrick Webb
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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12
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Stefler D, Brett D, Sarkadi-Nagy E, Kopczynska E, Detchev S, Bati A, Scrob M, Koenker D, Aleksov B, Douarin E, Simonova G, Malyutina S, Kubinova R, Pajak A, Ruiz M, Peasey A, Pikhart H, Bobak M. Traditional Eastern European diet and mortality: prospective evidence from the HAPIEE study. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:1091-1100. [PMID: 32613328 PMCID: PMC7900332 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02319-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer mortality rates in Eastern Europe are among the highest in the world. Although diet is an important risk factor, traditional eating habits in this region have not yet been explored. This analysis assessed the relationship between traditional dietary pattern and mortality from all-causes, CVD and cancer in Eastern European cohorts. Methods Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort were used, including participants from Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic. Based on food frequency questionnaire data, we constructed an Eastern European diet score (EEDS) from nine food groups which can be considered as traditional in this region. The relationship between categorical (low, moderate, high) and continuous (range 0–18) EEDS and mortality was estimated with Cox-regression. Results From 18,852 eligible participants, 2234 died during follow-up. In multivariable adjusted models, participants with high adherence to the traditional Eastern European diet had significantly higher risk of all-cause (HR 1.23; 95% CI 1.08–1.42) and CVD (1.34; 1.08–1.66) deaths compared to those with low adherence. The association with cancer mortality was only significant in Poland (high vs. low EEDS: 1.41; 1.00–1.98). From the specific EEDS components, high consumption of lard was significantly positively related to all three mortality outcomes, while preserved fruit and vegetable consumption showed consistent inverse associations. Conclusion Our results suggest that traditional eating habits may contribute to the poor health status, particularly the high CVD mortality rates, of populations in Eastern Europe. Adequate public health nutritional interventions in this region are essential. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00394-020-02319-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
| | - Daniel Brett
- School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eszter Sarkadi-Nagy
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology, National Institute of Pharmacy and Nutrition, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ewa Kopczynska
- Institute of Sociology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Stefan Detchev
- Department of History, South-West University, Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Aniko Bati
- Institute of Ethnology, MTA Research Centre for the Humanities, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mircea Scrob
- Department of Liberal Arts and Natural Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Diane Koenker
- School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Bojan Aleksov
- School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elodie Douarin
- School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, London, UK
| | - Galina Simonova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Milagros Ruiz
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
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13
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Garduño‐Alanís A, Malyutina S, Pajak A, Stepaniak U, Kubinova R, Denisova D, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Bobak M, Stefler D. Association between soft drink, fruit juice consumption and obesity in Eastern Europe: cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis of the HAPIEE study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 33:66-77. [PMID: 31475413 PMCID: PMC8425279 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit juice and soft drink consumption have been shown to be related to obesity. However, this relationship has not been explored in Eastern Europe. The present study aimed to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between fruit juice, soft drink consumption and body mass index (BMI) in Eastern European cohorts. METHODS Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe population-based prospective cohort study, based in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, were used. Intakes of sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB), artificially-sweetened beverage (ASB) and fruit juice were estimated from a food frequency questionnaire. Participant BMI values were assessed at baseline (n = 26 634) and after a 3-year follow-up (data available only for Russia, n = 5205). RESULTS Soft drink consumption was generally low, particularly in Russia. Compared to never drinkers of SSB, participants who drank SSB every day had a significantly higher BMI in the Czech [β-coefficient = 0.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.02-0.54], Russian (β-coefficient = 1.38; 95% CI = 0.62-2.15) and Polish (β-coefficient = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.29-1.37) cohorts. Occasional or daily ASB consumption was also positively associated with BMI in all three cohorts. Results for daily fruit juice intake were inconsistent, with a positive association amongst Russians (β-coefficient = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.28-1.21) but a negative trend in the Czech Republic (β-coefficient = -0.42; 95% CI = -0.86 to 0.02). Russians participants who drank SSB or ASB had an increased BMI after follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support previous studies suggesting that soft drink consumption (including SSBs and ASBs) is positively related to BMI, whereas our results for fruit juice were less consistent. Policies regarding these beverages should be considered in Eastern Europe to lower the risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Garduño‐Alanís
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
- Research DepartmentUniversidad de la Salud del Estado de MéxicoTolucaMéxico
| | - S. Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and GeneticsSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
- Novosibirsk State Medical UniversityNovosibirskRussia
| | - A. Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population StudiesJagiellonian University Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
| | - U. Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population StudiesJagiellonian University Collegium MedicumKrakowPoland
| | - R. Kubinova
- National Institute of Public HealthPragueCzech Republic
| | - D. Denisova
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine – Branch of the Institute of Cytology and GeneticsSiberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesNovosibirskRussia
| | - H. Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - A. Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - M. Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - D. Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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14
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Witkowska AM, Waśkiewicz A, Zujko ME, Szcześniewska D, Śmigielski W, Stepaniak U, Pająk A, Drygas W. The Consumption of Nuts is Associated with Better Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns in Polish Adults: Results of WOBASZ and WOBASZ II Surveys. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1410. [PMID: 31234530 PMCID: PMC6627533 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of the health benefits of synergistic dietary patterns as opposed to individual foods or food constituents has been developed. The aim of this study was to determine whether nut consumption is associated with healthier nutrition and lifestyle. The research was based on complete data obtained during two Polish National Multi-Centre Health Examination Surveys-WOBASZ (2003-2005) and WOBASZ II (2013-2014). Of the 12,946 participants who completed dietary assessments, 299 subjects reported consuming any quantity of whole nuts. A control group of 1184 non-nut consumers from both surveys was randomly selected for the study, with age, gender, study (WOBASZ, WOBASZ II), educational level, and season-related interactions taken into account. In this study, nut consumption was associated with favorable food and lifestyle choices, excluding smoking. Better dietary quality consisted of having a higher Healthy Diet Indicator score, an increased intake of polyphenols and antioxidants, lower intake of red meat, but higher of poultry and fruit, more frequent consumption of antiatherogenic food products, and less frequent consumption of processed meats. There was also greater interest in special diets, such as weight-loss diet. In addition, nut eaters were more physically active in their leisure time. While limited by 24-h recall of nut intake and possible misclassification of nut/non-nut consumer status, this research supports the synergistic health-promoting attitudes of those who were classified as nut consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Anna Waśkiewicz
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata E Zujko
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Bialystok, Szpitalna 37, 15-295 Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Danuta Szcześniewska
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Witold Śmigielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Drygas
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Hallera 1, 90-001 Lodz, Poland.
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15
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Scheiring G, Irdam D, King LP. Cross-country evidence on the social determinants of the post-socialist mortality crisis in Europe: a review and performance-based hierarchy of variables. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2019; 41:673-691. [PMID: 30552697 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
An unprecedented mortality crisis befell the former socialist countries between 1989 and 1995, representing one of the greatest demographic shocks of the period after the Second World War. While it is likely that country-level variation in the post-socialist mortality crisis in Eastern Europe can be explained by a constellation of political and socio-economic factors, no comprehensive review of the existing scholarly attempts at explaining these factors exists. We review 39 cross-national multi-variable peer reviewed studies of social determinants of mortality in post-socialist Europe in order to assess the social factors behind the post-socialist mortality crisis, determine the gaps in the existing literature and to make suggestions for future research. We propose a novel methodology to determine the relative importance of variables based on the ratio of significant to insignificant findings for each variable. The literature identifies inequality, welfare payments, religious composition, democracy, economic performance and unemployment as the leading factors that have a significant influence on mortality outcomes. Existing cross-country studies fail to establish a definitive connection between mortality and diets, drinking patterns, liberalisation, trust, health expenditure and war. We also point out that the level of analysis is not a neutral methodological choice but might influence the results themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darja Irdam
- Department of Sociology, University of Cambridge, UK
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16
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Fruit, vegetable intake and blood pressure trajectories in older age. J Hum Hypertens 2019; 33:671-678. [PMID: 30842546 PMCID: PMC6760602 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-019-0189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Diet rich in fruits and vegetables (F&V) is an established protective factor for hypertension, but the available evidence regarding the impact of F&V consumption on age-related blood pressure change is limited. We examined whether systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure trajectories are influenced by F&V intakes in an ageing Russian cohort. Dietary data was available for 8997 men and women in the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe prospective cohort study. Blood pressure measurements were taken at three time-points over 12 years of follow-up, during which time the mean age of the sample changed from 58 to 69 years. The relationships between F&V intake and SBP and DBP were assessed using mixed-effect multilevel models. In the multivariable adjusted models, fruit intake was inversely related to both systolic and diastolic blood pressure at baseline (mean SBP and DBP was 3.5 mmHg and 1.4 mm Hg lower in the highest compared to the lowest intake tertiles, respectively (both p values < 0.001)). However, it was not associated with blood pressure change over time (difference in annual SBP and DBP change was 0.11 mmHg (p value = 0.138) and 0.01 mmHg (p value = 0.894), respectively). We found no significant link between vegetable intake and blood pressure, neither cross-sectionally nor longitudinally. In addition to the association with diet, we observed increasing SBP and mostly steady DBP over age, with deceleration and downward turn after the ages of 55–59 years. On the whole, this analysis found no consistent association between F&V intake and trajectories of blood pressure in older age.
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Kanauchi M, Kanauchi K. The World Health Organization's Healthy Diet Indicator and its associated factors: A cross-sectional study in central Kinki, Japan. Prev Med Rep 2018; 12:198-202. [PMID: 30364851 PMCID: PMC6199773 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), which is based on adherence to World Health Organization's (WHO) nutrition guidelines, is used worldwide. In 2015, the WHO updated the Fact Sheet for their recommended healthy diet. We investigated diet quality assessed by the updated HDI (HDI-2015) and factors related to adherence to this diet in a Japanese population. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1370 participants from 8 workplaces, 1 college, and 2 communities. All participants completed a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. The HDI-2015 assesses 7 components: fruits and vegetables, total fat, saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acid, free sugar, dietary fiber, and potassium. Only 6.6% of subjects demonstrated high adherence to HDI-2015 (met ≥6 components), whereas 52.0% demonstrated moderate adherence (4-5 components), and 41.4% demonstrated low adherence (0-3 components). Male sex, older age, and regular physical activity were associated with higher adherence. The contemporary Japanese population has an overall low diet quality as evaluated by the updated HDI score. Improving adherence to healthier dietary patterns may promote better health in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masao Kanauchi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Science, Kio University, 4-2-2 Umami-naka, Koryo-cho, Nara 635-0832, Japan
| | - Kimiko Kanauchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Narahigashi Hospital, Tenri, 470 Nakanosho-cho, Tenri, Nara 632-0001, Japan
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The Status of Cardiovascular Health in Rural and Urban Areas of Janów Lubelski District in Eastern Poland: A Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112388. [PMID: 30373289 PMCID: PMC6266283 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) has been defined by the American Heart Association as the lack of cardiovascular disease and the presence of seven key factors and health behaviors. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of ideal and poor CVH among the Polish adult population based on the example of the inhabitants of Janów district in Lubelskie Voivodship, taking the chosen socio-demographic factors into consideration. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 3901 adults without cardiovascular diseases, aged between 35 and 64 years. Participants completed a questionnaire, and they had anthropometric and physiological measurements taken. Blood samples were analyzed for fasting glucose and cholesterol levels. Ideal CVH was found in 5.4% of the participants, with the advantage of being toward city dwellers over those living in the rural areas (6.3% vs. 5.0%) p = 0.02. In the case of the residents of rural areas, their likelihood of having an ideal body mass index (BMI) was found to be 22% lower (odds ratio (OR) = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.66–0.92), their likelihood of having an ideal diet was found to be 27% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.54–0.94), their likelihood of having perfect blood pressure was found to be 29% lower (OR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56–0.89), and their likelihood of having the perfect glucose levels was found to be 28% lower (OR = 0.72; 95% CI: 0.63–0.84), than the residents of urban areas. The prevalence of ideal cardiovascular behaviors and factors is lower in the rural community compared with people living in the city. Results indicate that more effort should be dedicated toward the country’s health policy, specifically concerning primary prevention. Preventive actions in the field of cardiovascular disease should be addressed to the residents of rural areas to a larger extent.
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Ostachowska-Gasior A, Kolarzyk E, Majewska R, Gasior A, Kwiatkowski J, Zaleska I. Diet and Physical Activity as Determinants of Lifestyle Chosen by Women from Southern Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E2088. [PMID: 30249020 PMCID: PMC6211119 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the lifestyle of Polish women (characterized by the quality of diets and levels of reported physical activity) and their characteristics such as age, place of residence, physical activity at work or school, reported health status, and BMI. The sample consisted of 882 women from Southern Poland. Diet quality and the level of physical activity were evaluated by the Nutrition Beliefs Questionnaire established by the Polish Academy of Sciences. The lifestyle category (healthy, moderate, or unhealthy) was based on "Prohealthy Diet Index-10" and participant's self-assessed physical activity during their leisure-time. The lifestyle category was significantly associated with age, BMI, physical activity at work/school, and health. Moderate lifestyle (high or moderate levels of physical activity combined with low prohealthy diet) was the most commonly found classification in examined women. Age (>35 years old) and overweight are the main factors determining unhealthy lifestyle behavior. Healthy lifestyle is more often chosen by the women from big cities. More intensive efforts should be undertaken to increase the knowledge and awareness of the health benefits of a healthy lifestyle. The main goal should be concentrated on increasing the level of physical activity, especially in leisure time, and promoting the tenets of a well-balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Ostachowska-Gasior
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., Krakow 31-034, Poland.
| | - Emilia Kolarzyk
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., Krakow 31-034, Poland.
- Cracow High School of Health Promotion, 73 Krowoderska St., Krakow 31-158, Poland.
| | - Renata Majewska
- Department of Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7A Kopernika St., Krakow 31-034, Poland.
| | - Anna Gasior
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Jacek Kwiatkowski
- Department of Hygiene and Dietetics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 7 Kopernika St., Krakow 31-034, Poland.
| | - Izabela Zaleska
- The Faculty of Motor Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education in Cracow, Jana Pawla II 78 Road, Krakow 31-571, Poland.
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20
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Neelakantan N, Koh WP, Yuan JM, van Dam RM. Diet-Quality Indexes Are Associated with a Lower Risk of Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and All-Cause Mortality among Chinese Adults. J Nutr 2018; 148:1323-1332. [PMID: 29982724 PMCID: PMC6075575 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxy094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diet-quality indexes have been associated with a lower risk of chronic disease mortality in Western populations, but it is unclear whether these indexes reflect protective dietary patterns in Asian populations. Objective We examined the association between Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), alternate Mediterranean diet (aMED), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI) scores and the risk of all-cause cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, and respiratory disease mortality. Methods We used data from a prospective cohort of 57,078 Singapore Chinese men and women (aged 45-74 y) who were free of cancer and CVD at baseline (1993-1998) and who were followed up through 2014. The diet-quality index scores were calculated on the basis of data from a validated 165-item food-frequency questionnaire. Cox regression models with adjustment for potential confounders including sociodemographic and lifestyle variables, body mass index, and medical history were used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. Results During a total of 981,980 person-years of follow-up, 15,262 deaths (CVD: 4871; respiratory: 2690; and cancer: 5306) occurred. Comparing the highest with the lowest quintiles, the multivariable adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality were 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) for AHEI-2010, 0.80 (0.76, 0.85) for aMED, 0.80 (0.75, 0.84) for DASH, and 0.88 (0.83, 0.92) for HDI scores (all P-trend < 0.001). Higher diet index scores were associated with a 14-28% lower risk of CVD and respiratory mortality, but only a 5-12% lower risk of cancer mortality. Higher consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts, and long-chain n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, lower consumption of red meat, and avoidance of high alcohol consumption were the diet index components associated with a lower risk of mortality. Conclusion Adherence to several recommended dietary patterns that emphasize healthy plant-based foods was associated with a substantially lower risk of chronic disease mortality in an Asian population. The Singapore Chinese Health Study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03356340.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA,Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore,Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA,Address correspondence to RMvD (e-mail: )
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21
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Tereza da Silva J, Bersch-Ferreira ÂC, Torreglosa CR, Weber B, Levy RB. Development of a dietary index based on the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE). Nutr J 2018; 17:49. [PMID: 29728114 PMCID: PMC5935976 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diet of the Brazilian Cardioprotective Nutritional Program (BALANCE) classifies food into four groups and sets the daily amount to be consumed. The dietary approach of BALANCE is different from other dietary recommendations; therefore, it is not possible to use existing dietary indexes (DI) to assess patient's adequacy to BALANCE diet. For this reason, it is important to develop a specific dietary index based on BALANCE diet. This study aims to describe the development of the BALANCE DI, evaluate its internal consistency, construct and content validity and population characteristics associated with the index. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from the BALANCE randomized clinical trial ( https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ ; NCT01620398). The four food groups of the diet were adopted as index components. Points ranging from 0 to 10 were given to each index component. Internal consistency was evaluated by correlation coefficients between total score and component scores, as well as Cronbach's Alpha. Content and construct validity were assessed by checking how nutrients are associated with the index and if the index could distinguish between groups with known differences in diet, respectively. Crude and adjusted linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate population characteristics associated with the index. RESULTS The analysis included 2044 subjects (58.6% men). The average of the total index was higher among women (p < 0,05). The components of the index showed low correlations with each other. The correlations between each individual component with the total index were > 0.40. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.66. High scores in the index were inversely associated (p < 0,05) with energy, total fat, monounsaturated fat (MUFA) and cholesterol; they were positively associated (p < 0,05) with carbohydrates and fiber. Hypertensive men and diabetic women had higher scores, while male smokers had lower scores. CONCLUSIONS The BALANCE DI showed reliability and construct validity similar to other DI. It also detected characteristics of individuals that are associated with higher or lower index scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Tereza da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246904 Brazil
- Research Institute, Hospital do Coração (HCor), Rua Abílio Sorares, 250, 12° andar, São Paulo, SP 04005-000 Brazil
| | - Ângela Cristine Bersch-Ferreira
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246904 Brazil
- Research Institute, Hospital do Coração (HCor), Rua Abílio Sorares, 250, 12° andar, São Paulo, SP 04005-000 Brazil
| | - Camila Ragne Torreglosa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246904 Brazil
- Research Institute, Hospital do Coração (HCor), Rua Abílio Sorares, 250, 12° andar, São Paulo, SP 04005-000 Brazil
| | - Bernardete Weber
- Research Institute, Hospital do Coração (HCor), Rua Abílio Sorares, 250, 12° andar, São Paulo, SP 04005-000 Brazil
| | - Renata Bertazzi Levy
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 715, São Paulo, SP 01246904 Brazil
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Avenida Doutor Arnaldo, 455, São Paulo, SP 01246903 Brazil
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22
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Mertens E, Markey O, Geleijnse JM, Lovegrove JA, Givens DI. Adherence to a healthy diet in relation to cardiovascular incidence and risk markers: evidence from the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Eur J Nutr 2018; 57:1245-1258. [PMID: 28293738 PMCID: PMC5861161 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1408-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological findings indicate that higher adherence to a healthy diet may lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The present study aimed to investigate whether adherence to a healthy diet, assessed by the Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) score, and Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), was associated with CVD incidence and risk markers. METHODS Included in the present analyses were data from 1867 middle-aged men, aged 56.7 ± 4.5 years at baseline, recruited into the Caerphilly Prospective Study. Adherence to a healthy diet was examined in relation to CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), and stroke incidence (Cox regression), and risk markers (linear regression) with adjustment for relevant confounders. RESULTS The DASH score was inversely associated with CVD [hazard ratio (HR) 0.81; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.66, 0.99], and stroke (HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.42, 0.88) incidence, but not with CHD after an average of 16.6 year follow-up, and with diastolic blood pressure, after 12 year follow-up. The AHEI-2010 was inversely associated with stroke (HR 0.66; 95% CI 0.42, 0.88) incidence, aortic pulse wave velocity, and C-reactive protein. The HDI was not associated with any single outcome. CONCLUSIONS Higher DASH and AHEI-2010 scores were associated with lower CVD and stroke risk, and favourable cardiovascular health outcomes, suggesting that encouraging middle-aged men to comply with the dietary recommendations for a healthy diet may have important implications for future vascular disease and population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Mertens
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK.
| | - Oonagh Markey
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 8129, 6700 EV, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - D Ian Givens
- Food Production and Quality Division, School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
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Lustigova M, Dzurova D, Pikhart H, Kubinova R, Bobak M. Cardiovascular health among the Czech population at the beginning of the 21st century: a 12-year follow-up study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2018; 72:442-448. [PMID: 29439193 PMCID: PMC5909738 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2017-209967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the late 1980s, Czechia was among the countries which had the highest cardiovascular mortality in the world. In spite of enormous improvements since that time, there are still large opportunities in further improving cardiovascular health. METHODS Based on the Czech Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe sample (n=8449 at baseline, 12 years of follow-up, 494 cardiovascular disease (CVD) deaths up to 2015-events), the impact of selected covariates such as education, smoking habits, high blood pressure, blood cholesterol level, diabetes, obesity, physical activity and binge drinking and their multifactorial effects on cardiovascular mortality was evaluated by Cox regression. In addition, population attributable fractions (PAFs) were used to quantify the impact of these factors on CVD mortality in the population. RESULTS Education was found as the strongest determinant of CVD mortality (primary vs university, HR 2.77, P<0.001; PAF=50.5%). CVD risk was two times higher for persons with diabetes compared with those without (HR 2.02, P<0.001, PAF=23.2%). Furthermore, significant factors found were smoking (smoker vs non-smoker, HR 1.91, P<0.001; PAF=26.5%), high blood pressure (HR 1.73, P<0.001; PAF=35.3%) and physical inactivity (none vs sufficient, HR 1.60, P<0.001; PAF=22.9%). Conversely, the effect of obesity was low (HR 1.29, P value =0.020), and binge drinking and high blood cholesterol level were not significant at all. CONCLUSIONS Education had the largest impact on cardiovascular mortality among the Czech population. More than 50% of CVD death would be prevented if the whole population had the same risk values as the highest educated population. Reducing disparities in health related to education should benefit from attention to cardiovascular health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michala Lustigova
- Environmental and Population Health Monitoring Centre, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dagmar Dzurova
- Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ruzena Kubinova
- Environmental and Population Health Monitoring Centre, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
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24
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El-Baz N, Ondusova D, Studencan M, Rosenberger J, Reijneveld SA, van Dijk JP, Middel B. Differences between Slovak and Dutch patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass graft surgery regarding clinical and psychosocial predictors of physical and mental health-related quality of life. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2017; 17:324-335. [PMID: 29231752 PMCID: PMC5888767 DOI: 10.1177/1474515117747571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differences in health-related quality of life in coronary artery disease patients and associated factors between patients of central and western European descent are rarely investigated. We aim to test differences between Dutch and Slovak health-related quality of life, whether nationality predicted health-related quality of life and if standardised beta weights of health-related quality of life determinants differ across countries. DESIGN An observational multicentre study at university cardiac centres in the Netherlands and Slovakia. METHODS In 226 coronary artery disease patients, health-related quality of life was measured by the Short Form Health Survey 36, anxiety and depression were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and type D personality was assessed with the 14-item Type D Scale. Multivariate analysis was used to explore the effect of patient characteristics on the physical and mental component summaries. Estimates of each predictor's beta value of the physical and mental component summaries in the Slovak and Dutch patient sample were separately calculated using the Cummings criterion for comparison of two independent betas. RESULTS Stronger predictors of physical health-related quality of life in Slovak patients were educational level, current smoking, poor functional status, history of diabetes and amount of social support. In Dutch patients, only more symptoms of depression was a stronger predictor ( P<0.05). Regarding Slovak mental health-related quality of life, stronger predictors were educational level, current smoking and amount of social support. Female gender, history of myocardial infarction and more symptoms of depression were stronger predictors in Dutch patients ( P<0.05). CONCLUSION Descent and differences between both populations in determinants of health-related quality of life should be considered while planning care, follow-up, health education and rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha El-Baz
- 1 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands.,2 Alexandria University, Faculty of Nursing, Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, Alexandria, Egypt.,3 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Ondusova
- 4 East Slovakian Institute for Cardiac and Vascular Diseases, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Martin Studencan
- 5 Cardiocentre of Teaching Hospital of J.A. Reiman, Prešov, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Rosenberger
- 6 Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Sijmen A Reijneveld
- 3 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, The Netherlands
| | - Jitse P van Dijk
- 3 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, The Netherlands.,6 Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Berrie Middel
- 3 University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Community & Occupational Medicine, The Netherlands
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25
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Tillmann T, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Kubinova R, Pajak A, Tamosiunas A, Malyutina S, Steptoe A, Kivimäki M, Marmot M, Bobak M. Psychosocial and socioeconomic determinants of cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: A multicentre prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2017; 14:e1002459. [PMID: 29211726 PMCID: PMC5718419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eastern European countries have some of the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, much of which cannot be adequately accounted for by conventional CVD risk factors. Psychosocial and socioeconomic factors may affect risk of CVD, but relatively few studies on this issue have been undertaken in Eastern Europe. We investigated whether various psychosocial factors are associated with CVD mortality independently from each other and whether they can help explain differences in CVD mortality between Eastern European populations. METHODS Participants were from the Health, Alcohol and Psychological factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) cohort study in Russia, Poland and the Czech Republic, including a total of 20,867 men and women aged 43-74 years and free of CVD at baseline examination during 2002-2005. Participants were followed-up for CVD mortality after linkage to national mortality registries for a median of 7.2 years. RESULTS During the follow-up, 556 participants died from CVD. After mutual adjustment, six psychosocial and socioeconomic factors were associated with increased risk of CVD death: unemployment, low material amenities, depression, being single, infrequent contacts with friends or relatives. The hazard ratios [HRs] for these six factors ranged between 1.26 [95% confidence interval 1.14-1.40] and 1.81 [95% confidence interval 1.24-2.64], fully adjusted for each other, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Population-attributable fractions ranged from 8% [4%-13%] to 22% [11%-31%] for each factor, when measured on average across the three cohorts. However, the prevalence of psychosocial and socioeconomic risk factors and their HRs were similar between the three countries. Altogether, these factors could not explain why participants from Russia had higher CVD mortality when compared to participants from Poland/Czech Republic. Limitations of this study include measurement error that could lead to residual confounding; and the possibilities for reverse causation and/or unmeasured confounding from observational studies to lead to associations that are not causal in nature. CONCLUSIONS Six psychosocial and socioeconomic factors were associated with cardiovascular mortality, independent of each other. Differences in mortality between cohorts from Russia versus Poland or Check Republic remained unexplained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taavi Tillmann
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruzena Kubinova
- Centre for Environmental Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Chair of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Abdonas Tamosiunas
- Institute of Cardiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Research Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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26
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Dietary polyphenol intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study. Br J Nutr 2017; 118:60-68. [PMID: 28799519 PMCID: PMC5565930 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to test the association between dietary content of total and individual
classes of polyphenols and incident cases of type 2 diabetes in Polish adults
participating to the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe study. At
baseline, diet by 148-item FFQ and health information were collected from 5806
participants free of diabetes. Self-reported incident type 2 diabetes was ascertained at
2–4-year follow-up visit. OR and 95 % CI of type 2 diabetes comparing the various
categories of polyphenol intake to the lowest one (reference category) and as 1
sd increase modelled as continuous variable were calculated by performing age-,
energy-, and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. During the follow-up, 456
incident cases of type 2 diabetes occurred. When comparing extreme quartiles, intake of
total polyphenol was inversely associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (OR 0·43; 95 %
CI 0·30, 0·61); 1 sd increase was associated with a reduced risk of diabetes (OR
0·68; 95 % CI 0·59, 0·79). Among the main classes of polyphenols, flavonoids, phenolic
acids, and stilbenes were independent contributors to this association. Both subclasses of
phenolic acids were associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas among
subclasses of flavonoids, high intake of flavanols, flavanones, flavones and anthocyanins
was significantly associated with decreased risk of type 2 diabetes. Total dietary
polyphenols and some classes of dietary polyphenols were associated with lower risk of
type 2 diabetes.
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Grosso G, Stepaniak U, Micek A, Kozela M, Stefler D, Bobak M, Pajak A. Dietary polyphenol intake and risk of hypertension in the Polish arm of the HAPIEE study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:1535-1544. [PMID: 28474120 PMCID: PMC5959986 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Dietary polyphenols have been studied for their potential effects on metabolic disorders, but studies on risk of hypertension are scarce. This study aimed to test the association between total and individual classes of dietary polyphenols and incidence of hypertension in the Polish arm of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study. Methods A total of 2725 participants free of hypertension at baseline were tested for blood pressure or taking hypertensive medication within the last 2 weeks at 2–4-year follow-up visit. A 148-item food frequency questionnaire and the Phenol-Explorer database were used to estimate dietary polyphenol intake. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hypertension comparing the various categories of exposure (total and individual classes of polyphenol intake) with the lowest one (reference category) were calculated by performing age- and energy-adjusted and multivariate-adjusted logistic regression models. Results During follow-up, 1735 incident cases of hypertension occurred. The highest quartile of total polyphenol intake was associated with 31% decreased risk of hypertension compared with the lowest intake (OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.48, 0.98) in women. There was no significant association in men. Among main classes of polyphenols, flavonoids and phenolic acids were independent contributors to this association. The analysis of individual subclasses of polyphenol revealed that, among phenolic acids, hydroxycynnamic acids were independently associated to lower odds of hypertension (OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.47, 0.93), while among flavonoids, most of the association was driven by flavanols (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.36, 0.87). Conclusion Certain classes of dietary polyphenols were associated with lower risk of hypertension, but potential differences between men and women should be further investigated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1438-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Grosso
- Integrated Cancer Registry of Catania-Messina-Siracusa-Enna, Via S. Sofia 85, 95123, Catania, Italy.
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kozela
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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28
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Stefler D, Malyutina S, Kubinova R, Pajak A, Peasey A, Pikhart H, Brunner EJ, Bobak M. Mediterranean diet score and total and cardiovascular mortality in Eastern Europe: the HAPIEE study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 56:421-429. [PMID: 26578528 PMCID: PMC5290049 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mediterranean-type dietary pattern has been associated with lower risk of cardiovascular (CVD) and other chronic diseases, primarily in Southern European populations. We examined whether Mediterranean diet score (MDS) is associated with total, CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke mortality in a prospective cohort study in three Eastern European populations. METHODS A total of 19,333 male and female participants of the Health Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study in the Czech Republic, Poland and the Russian Federation were included in the analysis. Diet was assessed by food frequency questionnaire, and MDS was derived from consumption of nine groups of food using absolute cut-offs. Mortality was ascertained by linkage with death registers. RESULTS Over the median follow-up time of 7 years, 1314 participants died. The proportion of participants with high adherence to Mediterranean diet was low (25 %). One standard deviation (SD) increase in the MDS (equivalent to 2.2 point increase in the score) was found to be inversely associated with death from all causes (HR, 95 % CI 0.93, 0.88-0.98) and CVD (0.90, 0.81-0.99) even after multivariable adjustment. Inverse but statistically not significant link was found for CHD (0.90, 0.78-1.03) and stroke (0.87, 0.71-1.07). The MDS effects were similar in each country cohort. CONCLUSION Higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with reduced risk of total and CVD deaths in these large Eastern European urban populations. The application of MDS with absolute cut-offs appears suitable for non-Mediterranean populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk State Medical University, B. Bogatkova 175/1, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630089
| | - Ruzena Kubinova
- National Institute of Public Health, Šrobárova 48, 100 42, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Grzegorzcka 20, 31-531, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Eric J Brunner
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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Hu Y, Malyutina S, Pikhart H, Peasey A, Holmes MV, Hubacek J, Denisova D, Nikitin Y, Bobak M. The Relationship between Body Mass Index and 10-Year Trajectories of Physical Functioning in Middle-Aged and Older Russians: Prospective Results of the Russian HAPIEE Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2017; 21:381-388. [PMID: 28346564 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-016-0769-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the associations of overweight and obesity with longitudinal decline in physical functioning (PF) among middle-aged and older Russians. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Four rounds of data collection in the Russian Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors In Eastern Europe study with up to 10 years of follow-up. PARTICIPANTS 9,222 men and women aged 45-69 years randomly selected from the population of two districts of Novosibirsk, Russia. MEASUREMENTS PF score (range 0-100) was measured by the Physical Functioning Subscale (PF-10) of the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) at baseline and three subsequent occasions. Body mass index (BMI), derived from objectively measured body height and weight at baseline, was classified into normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.9), obesity class I (BMI 30.0-34.9), and obesity class II+ (BMI≥35.0). RESULTS The mean annual decline in the PF score during the follow-up was -1.92 (95% confidence interval -2.17; -1.68) in men and -1.91 (-2.13; -1.68) in women. At baseline, compared with normal weight, obesity classes I and II+ (but not overweight) were associated with significantly lower PF in both sexes. In prospective analyses, the decline in PF was faster in overweight men (difference from normal weight subjects -0.38 [-0.63; -0.14]), class I obese men and women (-0.49 [-0.82; -0.17] and -0.44 [-0.73; -0.15] respectively) and class II+ obese men and women (-1.13 [-1.73; -0.53] and -0.43 [-0.77; -0.09] respectively). Adjustment for physical activity and other covariates did not materially change the results. CONCLUSIONS PF decreased more rapidly in obese men and women than among those with normal weight. The adverse effect of high BMI on PF trajectories appeared to be more pronounced in men than in women, making more extremely obese Russian men an important target population to prevent/slow down the process of decline in PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Hu
- Yaoyue Hu, Research Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK, , Tel: +44 (0)20 7679 1680, Fax: +44 (0)203 108 3354
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Effort–reward imbalance at work, over-commitment personality and diet quality in Central and Eastern European populations. Br J Nutr 2016; 115:1254-64. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114515005516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aims of this study were to investigate the associations between work stress defined by the effort–reward imbalance (ERI) model and diet quality and to examine the potential role of over-commitment (OC) personality in ERI–diet relationships. A cross-sectional study was conducted in random population samples of 6340 men and 5792 women (age 45–69 years) from the Czech Republic, Russia and Poland. Dietary data were collected using FFQ. The healthy diet indicator (HDI) was constructed using eight nutrient/food intakes (HDI components) to reflect the adherence to WHO dietary guideline. The extent of imbalance between effort and reward was measured by the effort:reward (ER) ratio; the effort score was the numerator and the reward score was multiplied by a factor adjusting for unequal number of items in the denominator. Logistic regression and linear regression were used to assess the associations between exposures (ER ratio and OC) and outcomes (HDI components and HDI) after adjustment for confounders and mediators. The results showed that high ER ratio and high OC were significantly associated with unhealthy diet quality. For a 1-sd increase in the ER ratio, HDI was reduced by 0·030 and 0·033 sd in men and women, and for a 1-sd increase in OC, HDI was decreased by 0·036 and 0·032 sd in men and women, respectively. The modifying role of OC in ERI–diet relationships was non-significant. To improve diet quality at workplace, a multiple-level approach combining organisational intervention for work stress and individual intervention for vulnerable personality is recommended.
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Boucher AB, Adesanya EAO, Owei I, Gilles AK, Ebenibo S, Wan J, Edeoga C, Dagogo-Jack S. Dietary habits and leisure-time physical activity in relation to adiposity, dyslipidemia, and incident dysglycemia in the pathobiology of prediabetes in a biracial cohort study. Metabolism 2015; 64:1060-7. [PMID: 26116207 PMCID: PMC4828921 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary and exercise data are frequently recorded in clinical research, but their correlation with metabolic measures needs further evaluation. OBJECTIVE We examined the association of food and exercise habits with body size, lipid profile, and glycemia in a prospective biracial cohort. METHODS The Pathobiology of Prediabetes in A Biracial Cohort study followed initially normoglycemic offspring of parents with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) for the occurrence of incident prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). At enrollment, participants underwent a 75-gram OGTT, anthropometry, measurement of fasting lipids, insulin, and body fat (DEXA), and completed the Food Habits Questionnaire (FHQ), and Modifiable Activity Questionnaire (MAQ). We assessed the relationship between FHQ and MAQ scores and adiposity, cardiometabolic measures, and incident dysglycemia. RESULTS Among our cohort of 338 subjects (188 black, 150 white; mean age {±SD} 45.2±10.2 years, BMI 30.3±7.2 kg/m(2)), FHQ and MAQ scores were individually correlated with BMI (r=0.14, -0.12; P=0.01, 0.03) and waist circumference (r=0.19, -0.11; P=0.004, 0.05). Diet-adjusted leisure activity (MAQ/FHQ) was significantly correlated with total body fat (r=-0.20, P=0.0007), trunk fat (r=-0.20, P=0.0006), and serum triglycerides (r=-0.17, P=0.003) and HDL cholesterol (r=0.11, P=0.04) levels. During 5.5 years of follow-up, 111 subjects (Progressors) developed prediabetes (n=101) or diabetes (n=10) and 227 remained normoglycemic (Non-progressors). Age, BMI, MAQ and MAQ/FHQ values were significant predictors of incident prediabetes/diabetes. Progressors reported similar dietary habits (FHQ score 2.57±0.49 vs. 2.57±0.53) but 30% lower physical activity (MAQ score 15.2±20.5 vs. 22.3±30.5 MET-hr/wk, P=0.015) compared with non-progressors. CONCLUSIONS Among African-American and Caucasian offspring of parents with T2DM, self-reported dietary and exercise habits correlated with measures of adiposity and dyslipidemia; however, physical activity, but not dietary recall, significantly predicted incident dysglycemia during 5.5 years of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew B Boucher
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - E A Omoluyi Adesanya
- The Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ibiye Owei
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ashley K Gilles
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sotonte Ebenibo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jim Wan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chimaroke Edeoga
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Samuel Dagogo-Jack
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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Stefler D, Pikhart H, Kubinova R, Pajak A, Stepaniak U, Malyutina S, Simonova G, Peasey A, Marmot MG, Bobak M. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality in Eastern Europe: Longitudinal results from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2015; 23:493-501. [PMID: 25903971 PMCID: PMC4767146 DOI: 10.1177/2047487315582320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is estimated that disease burden due to low fruit and vegetable consumption is higher in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and the former Soviet Union (FSU) than any other parts of the world. However, no large scale studies have investigated the association between fruit and vegetable (F&V) intake and mortality in these regions yet. DESIGN The Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial Factors in Eastern Europe (HAPIEE) study is a prospective cohort study with participants recruited from the Czech Republic, Poland and Russia. METHODS Dietary data was collected using food frequency questionnaire. Mortality data was ascertained through linkage with death registers. Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios were calculated by Cox regression models. RESULTS Among 19,333 disease-free participants at baseline, 1314 died over the mean follow-up of 7.1 years. After multivariable adjustment, we found statistically significant inverse association between cohort-specific quartiles of F&V intake and stroke mortality: the highest vs lowest quartile hazard ratio (HR) was 0.52 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.98). For total mortality, significant interaction (p = 0.008) between F&V intake and smoking was found. The associations were statistically significant in smokers, with HR 0.70 (0.53-0.91, p for trend: 0.011) for total mortality, and 0.62 (0.40-0.97, p for trend: 0.037) for cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. The association was appeared to be mediated by blood pressure, and F&V intake explained a considerable proportion of the mortality differences between the Czech and Russian cohorts. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that increasing F&V intake may reduce CVD mortality in CEE and FSU, particularly among smokers and hypertensive individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Ruzena Kubinova
- Centre for Health Monitoring, National Institute of Public Health, Czech Republic
| | - Andrzej Pajak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Sofia Malyutina
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia Novosibirsk State Medical University, Russia
| | - Galina Simonova
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Michael G Marmot
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, UK
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Stepaniak U, Micek A, Grosso G, Stefler D, Topor-Madry R, Kubinova R, Malyutina S, Peasey A, Pikhart H, Nikitin Y, Bobak M, Pająk A. Antioxidant vitamin intake and mortality in three Central and Eastern European urban populations: the HAPIEE study. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:547-560. [PMID: 25762013 PMCID: PMC4767874 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the relationships between individual-level dietary intakes of antioxidant vitamins C, E and beta-carotene with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in three Central and Eastern European (CEE) populations. METHODS Data from the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe cohort study were used. At the baseline survey, between 2002 and 2005, 28,945 men and women aged 45-69 years were examined in Novosibirsk (Russia), Krakow (Poland) and seven Czech towns. Deaths in the cohorts were identified through mortality registers. Cox regression was used to estimate the association between vitamin consumption and all-cause, cardiovascular (CVD) disease and cancer mortality. RESULTS In multivariable-adjusted analyses, there were no clear inverse associations between antioxidant vitamin intakes and mortality, although in some groups, several hazard ratios (HRs) were significant. For example, in men, compared with the lowest quintile of vitamin C intake, all-cause mortality in the third and fourth quintiles was lower by 28 % (HR 0.72; 95 % CI 0.61-0.85) and by 20 % (HR 0.80; 95 % CI 0.68-0.95), respectively. CVD mortality was lower by 35 % (HR 0.65; 95 % CI 0.50-0.84) and by 23 % (HR 0.77; 95 % CI 0.59-0.99) in third and fourth quintile of vitamin C intake, respectively. In women, the third and fourth quintiles of dietary intake of vitamin E were associated with reduced risk of all-cause death by 33 % (HR 0.67; 95 % CI 0.53-0.84) and by 23 % (HR 0.77; 95 % CI 0.61-0.97), respectively. Consumption of vitamin C, vitamin E and beta-carotene was not related to CVD mortality in women and to cancer mortality in either gender. CONCLUSION This large prospective cohort study in CEE populations with low prevalence of vitamin supplementation did not find a strong, dose-response evidence for protective effects of antioxidant vitamin intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Stepaniak
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka Street 20, Krakow, 31-531, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka Street 20, Krakow, 31-531, Poland
| | - Giuseppe Grosso
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Biomedicine, Section of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Denes Stefler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roman Topor-Madry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka Street 20, Krakow, 31-531, Poland
| | | | - Sofia Malyutina
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine Siberian Branch Under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anne Peasey
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hynek Pikhart
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yuri Nikitin
- Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine Siberian Branch Under the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Martin Bobak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrzej Pająk
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka Street 20, Krakow, 31-531, Poland
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