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Tran NTD, Chaidee A, Surapinit A, Yingklang M, Roytrakul S, Charoenlappanit S, Pinlaor P, Hongsrichan N, Anutrakulchai S, Cha'on U, Pinlaor S. Chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection increases presence of the Ruminococcus torques group in the gut and alters the microbial proteome. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4216. [PMID: 36918707 PMCID: PMC10012286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31118-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the impact of chronic Strongyloides stercoralis infection on the gut microbiome and microbial activity in a longitudinal study. At baseline (time-point T0), 42 fecal samples from matched individuals (21 positive for strongyloidiasis and 21 negative) were subjected to microbiome 16S-rRNA sequencing. Those positive at T0 (untreated then because of COVID19 lockdowns) were retested one year later (T1). Persistent infection in these individuals indicated chronic strongyloidiasis: they were treated with ivermectin and retested four months later (T2). Fecal samples at T1 and T2 were subjected to 16S-rRNA sequencing and LC-MS/MS to determine microbial diversity and proteomes. No significant alteration of indices of gut microbial diversity was found in chronic strongyloidiasis. However, the Ruminococcus torques group was highly over-represented in chronic infection. Metaproteome data revealed enrichment of Ruminococcus torques mucin-degrader enzymes in infection, possibly influencing the ability of the host to expel parasites. Metaproteomics indicated an increase in carbohydrate metabolism and Bacteroidaceae accounted for this change in chronic infection. STITCH interaction networks explored highly expressed microbial proteins before treatment and short-chain fatty acids involved in the synthesis of acetate. In conclusion, our data indicate that chronic S. stercoralis infection increases Ruminococcus torques group and alters the microbial proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na T D Tran
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in Northeastern Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Apisit Chaidee
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in Northeastern Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Achirawit Surapinit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | | | - Sitiruk Roytrakul
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Sawanya Charoenlappanit
- Functional Proteomics Technology Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Porntip Pinlaor
- Centre for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in Northeastern Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Nuttanan Hongsrichan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in Northeastern Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Sirirat Anutrakulchai
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in Northeastern Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Ubon Cha'on
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in Northeastern Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand
| | - Somchai Pinlaor
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand. .,Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention in Northeastern Thailand, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
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Ayariga JA, Ibrahim I, Gildea L, Abugri J, Villafane R. Microbiota in a long survival discourse with the human host. Arch Microbiol 2022; 205:5. [PMID: 36441284 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-03342-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between human health and gut microbiota is becoming more apparent. It is now widely believed that healthy gut flora plays a vital role in the overall well-being of the individual. There are spatial and temporal variations in the distribution of microbes from the esophagus to the rectum throughout an individual's lifetime. Through the development of genome sequencing technologies, scientists have been able to study the interactions between different microorganisms and their hosts to improve the health and disease of individuals. The normal gut microbiota provides various functions to the host, whereas the host, in turn, provides nutrients and promotes the development of healthy and resilient microbiota communities. Thus, the microbiota provides and maintains the gut's structural integrity and protects the gut against pathogens. The development of the normal gut microbiota is influenced by various factors. Some of these include the mode of delivery, diet, and antibiotics. In addition, the environment can also affect the development of the gut microbiota. For example, one of the main concerns of antibiotic use is the alteration of the gut microbiota, which could lead to the development of multidrug-resistant organisms. When microbes are disturbed, it can potentially lead to various diseases. Depending on the species' ability to adapt to the human body's environment, the fate of the microbes in the host and their relationship with the human body are decided. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of microbe, microbes-host immune interactions, and factors that can disturb their interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Ayariga
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA.
| | - Iddrisu Ibrahim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
| | - Logan Gildea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
| | - James Abugri
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Sciences, School of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, C. K. Tedam University of Technology and Applied Sciences, Navrongo, Ghana.
| | - Robert Villafane
- Department of Biological Sciences, Microbiology PhD. Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, 1627 Hall Street Montgomery, Montgomery, AL, 36104, USA
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3
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Galuppo B, Cline G, Van Name M, Shabanova V, Wagner D, Kien CL, Santoro N. Colonic Fermentation and Acetate Production in Youth with and without Obesity. J Nutr 2021; 151:3292-3298. [PMID: 34494088 PMCID: PMC8562084 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few years, there has been a growing interest in the role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity and its complications. OBJECTIVES In this study, we tested the following hypotheses: 1) lean youth and youth with obesity experience a different capability of their gut microbiota to ferment carbohydrates and produce acetate; and 2) colonic acetate may serve as a substrate for hepatic de novo lipogenesis (DNL). METHODS Nineteen lean youth [mean ± SE BMI (in kg/m2): 21.8 ± 0.521] and 19 youth with obesity (BMI: 35.7 ± 1.66), ages 15-21 y, frequency-matched by age and sex, underwent a fasting 10-h sodium [d3]-acetate intravenous infusion to determine the rate of appearance of acetate (Raacet) into the peripheral circulation before and after an oral dose of 20 g of lactulose. Pre- and post-lactulose Raacet values were determined at a quasi-steady state and changes between groups were compared using a quantile regression model. Acetate-derived hepatic DNL was measured in 11 subjects (6 youth with obesity) and its association with Raacet was assessed using Spearman correlation. RESULTS Mean ± SE Raacet was not different before lactulose ingestion between the 2 groups (7.69 ± 1.02 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 in lean youth and 7.40 ± 1.73 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 in youth with obesity, P = 0.343). The increase in mean ± SE Raacet after lactulose ingestion was greater in lean youth than in youth with obesity (14.7 ± 2.33 μmol · kg-1 · min-1 and 9.29 ± 1.44 μmol · kg-1 · min-1, respectively, P = 0.001). DNL correlated with Raacet, calculated as changes from the pre- to the post-lactulose steady state (ρ = 0.621; P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that youth with obesity ferment lactulose to a lesser degree than youth without obesity and that colonic acetate serves as a substrate for hepatic DNL.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03454828.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gary Cline
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | - C Lawrence Kien
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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Hyun CK. Molecular and Pathophysiological Links between Metabolic Disorders and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179139. [PMID: 34502047 PMCID: PMC8430512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable epidemiological evidence indicating comorbidity between metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as common pathophysiological features shared by these two categories of diseases, the relationship between their pathogenesis at molecular levels are not well described. Intestinal barrier dysfunction is a characteristic pathological feature of IBD, which also plays causal roles in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory metabolic disorders. Increased intestinal permeability is associated with a pro-inflammatory response of the intestinal immune system, possibly leading to the development of both diseases. In addition, dysregulated interactions between the gut microbiota and the host immunity have been found to contribute to immune-mediated disorders including the two diseases. In connection with disrupted gut microbial composition, alterations in gut microbiota-derived metabolites have also been shown to be closely related to the pathogeneses of both diseases. Focusing on these prominent pathophysiological features observed in both metabolic disorders and IBD, this review highlights and summarizes the molecular risk factors that may link between the pathogeneses of the two diseases, which is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying their comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kee Hyun
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang 37554, Gyungbuk, Korea
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5
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Hübel C, Herle M, Santos Ferreira DL, Abdulkadir M, Bryant-Waugh R, Loos RJF, Bulik CM, Lawlor DA, Micali N. Childhood overeating is associated with adverse cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles in adolescence. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12478. [PMID: 34127697 PMCID: PMC8203659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90644-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood eating behaviour contributes to the rise of obesity and related noncommunicable disease worldwide. However, we lack a deep understanding of biochemical alterations that can arise from aberrant eating behaviour. In this study, we prospectively associate longitudinal trajectories of childhood overeating, undereating, and fussy eating with metabolic markers at age 16 years to explore adolescent metabolic alterations related to specific eating patterns in the first 10 years of life. Data are from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (n = 3104). We measure 158 metabolic markers with a high-throughput (1H) NMR metabolomics platform. Increasing childhood overeating is prospectively associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile (i.e., hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipoproteinemia) in adolescence; whereas undereating and fussy eating are associated with lower concentrations of the amino acids glutamine and valine, suggesting a potential lack of micronutrients. Here, we show associations between early behavioural indicators of eating and metabolic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- UK National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health, South London and Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Department of Economics and Business Economics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moritz Herle
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Diana L Santos Ferreira
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Mohamed Abdulkadir
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Bryant-Waugh
- Maudsley Centre for Child and Adolescent Eating Disorders, Michael Rutter Centre for Children and Young People, Maudsley Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Pediatrics Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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Ye J, Haskey N, Dadlani H, Zubaidi H, Barnett JA, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. Deletion of mucin 2 induces colitis with concomitant metabolic abnormalities in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G791-G803. [PMID: 33728986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00277.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of under-recognized metabolic comorbidities. Chronic intestinal inflammation in IBD along with changes to the gut microbiome leads to broader systemic effects. Despite the existence of multiple animal models to study colitis, limited studies have examined the metabolic abnormalities associated with these models. In this study, a spontaneous model of colitis (mucin 2 knock-out mouse, Muc2-/-) was used to investigate the impact of intestinal disease on metabolic dysfunction. Before the onset of severe colitis, such as rectal prolapse, Muc2-/- mice exhibited impaired glucose clearance. Defects were noted in the insulin signaling pathway corresponding with upregulated genes in lipid utilization pathways, increased mitochondrial number, and peroxisome proliferator-activated coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a transcription factor central to energy metabolism regulation. Parallel to these metabolic alterations, Muc2-/- mice exhibited systemic inflammation and bacteremia. We further characterized the dysbiotic microbiome's predicted functional categories given its contributing role to the colitic phenotype in the Muc2-/- mice. In addition to less butyrate levels, we show an increased predisposition to lipid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis pathways in the microbiome associated with the host's altered metabolic state. This study establishes the Muc2-/- mouse model that develops spontaneous colitis, as an ideal model for studying early comorbid metabolic dysfunction. Clarification of the underlying etiology of two phenotypes in this model could unravel important clues regarding the treatment of metabolic comorbidities during colitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study discloses the impaired systemic energy metabolism in a classic colitis murine model (Muc2-/- knock-out model). Investigating the interaction between colitis and metabolic disorders helps to extend our knowledge on deciphering inflammatory bowel disease-associated comorbidities and provides new insight into clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hatem Zubaidi
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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7
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Verdugo-Meza A, Ye J, Dadlani H, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. Connecting the Dots Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Metabolic Syndrome: A Focus on Gut-Derived Metabolites. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1434. [PMID: 32429195 PMCID: PMC7285036 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in health and disease has gained considerable attention and shed light on the etiology of complex diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Since the microorganisms inhabiting the gut can confer either protective or harmful signals, understanding the functional network between the gut microbes and the host provides a comprehensive picture of health and disease status. In IBD, disruption of the gut barrier enhances microbe infiltration into the submucosae, which enhances the probability that gut-derived metabolites are translocated from the gut to the liver and pancreas. Considering inflammation and the gut microbiome can trigger intestinal barrier dysfunction, risk factors of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance may have common roots with IBD. In this review, we focus on the overlap between IBD and MetS, and we explore the role of common metabolites in each disease in an attempt to connect a common origin, the gut microbiome and derived metabolites that affect the gut, liver and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Verdugo-Meza
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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Sowah SA, Hirche F, Milanese A, Johnson TS, Grafetstätter M, Schübel R, Kirsten R, Ulrich CM, Kaaks R, Zeller G, Kühn T, Stangl GI. Changes in Plasma Short-Chain Fatty Acid Levels after Dietary Weight Loss Among Overweight and Obese Adults over 50 Weeks. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020452. [PMID: 32053988 PMCID: PMC7071291 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) may regulate energy homeostasis and exert anti-carcinogenic, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Smaller trials indicate that dietary weight loss may lead to decreased SCFA production, but findings have been inconclusive. SCFA concentrations were measured by HPLC-MS/MS in plasma samples of 150 overweight or obese adults in a trial initially designed to evaluate the metabolic effects of intermittent (ICR) versus continuous (CCR) calorie restriction (NCT02449148). For the present post hoc analyses, participants were classified by quartiles of weight loss, irrespective of the dietary intervention. Linear mixed models were used to analyze weight-loss-induced changes in SCFA concentrations after 12, 24 and 50 weeks. There were no differential changes in SCFA levels across the initial study arms (ICR versus CCR versus control) after 12 weeks, but acetate concentrations significantly decreased with overall weight loss (mean log-relative change of −0.7 ± 1.8 in the lowest quartile versus. −7.6 ± 2 in the highest, p = 0.026). Concentrations of propionate, butyrate and other SCFAs did not change throughout the study. Our results show that weight-loss, achieved through calorie restriction, may lead to smaller initial decreases in plasma acetate, while plasma SCFAs generally remain remarkably stable over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A. Sowah
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.S.J.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (F.H.); (G.I.S.)
| | - Alessio Milanese
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Theron S. Johnson
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.S.J.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Mirja Grafetstätter
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.S.J.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
- Medical Faculty, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Schübel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.S.J.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Romy Kirsten
- Biobank of the National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Cornelia M. Ulrich
- Huntsman Cancer Institute and Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-5550, USA;
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.S.J.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany; (A.M.); (G.Z.)
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (T.S.J.); (M.G.); (R.S.); (R.K.); (T.K.)
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (F.H.); (G.I.S.)
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González Hernández MA, Canfora EE, Pasmans K, Astrup A, Saris WHM, Blaak EE. The Relationship between Circulating Acetate and Human Insulin Resistance before and after Weight Loss in the DiOGenes Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020339. [PMID: 32012996 PMCID: PMC7071284 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbially-produced acetate has been reported to beneficially affect metabolic health through effects on satiety, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and substrate utilization. Here, we investigate the association between sex-specific concentrations of acetate and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), circulating insulin and Matsuda Index) in the Diet, Obesity and Genes (DiOGenes) Dietary study at baseline and after a low-calorie diet (LCD, 800 kcal/d). In this analysis, 692 subjects (Body Mass Index >27 kg/m2) were included, who underwent an LCD for 8 weeks. Linear mixed models were performed, which were adjusted for mean acetate concentration, center (random factor), age, weight loss, and fat-free mass (FFM). At baseline, no associations between plasma acetate and insulin sensitivity/resistance indices were found. We found a slight positive association between changes in acetate and changes in HOMA-IR (std 0.130, p = 0.033) in women, but not in men (std -0.072, p = 0.310) independently of age, weight loss and FFM. We were not able to confirm previously reported associations between acetate and insulin sensitivity in this large European cohort. The mechanisms behind the sex-specific relationship between LCD-induced changes in acetate and insulin sensitivity require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A. González Hernández
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.A.G.H.); (E.E.C.); (K.P.); (W.H.M.S.)
| | - Emanuel E. Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.A.G.H.); (E.E.C.); (K.P.); (W.H.M.S.)
| | - Kenneth Pasmans
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.A.G.H.); (E.E.C.); (K.P.); (W.H.M.S.)
| | - A. Astrup
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, 1171 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - W. H. M. Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.A.G.H.); (E.E.C.); (K.P.); (W.H.M.S.)
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Universiteitssingel 50, P.O. Box 616, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands; (M.A.G.H.); (E.E.C.); (K.P.); (W.H.M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel. +31433881503
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Circulating but not faecal short-chain fatty acids are related to insulin sensitivity, lipolysis and GLP-1 concentrations in humans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12515. [PMID: 31467327 PMCID: PMC6715624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate and butyrate may provide a link between gut microbiota and whole-body insulin sensitivity (IS). In this cross-sectional study (160 participants, 64% male, BMI: 19.2–41.0 kg/m2, normal or impaired glucose metabolism), associations between SCFA (faecal and fasting circulating) and circulating metabolites, substrate oxidation and IS were investigated. In a subgroup (n = 93), IS was determined using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for sex, age and BMI. Fasting circulating acetate, propionate and butyrate concentrations were positively associated with fasting GLP-1 concentrations. Additionally, circulating SCFA were negatively related to whole-body lipolysis (glycerol), triacylglycerols and free fatty acids levels (standardized (std) β adjusted (adj) −0.190, P = 0.023; std β adj −0.202, P = 0.010; std β adj −0.306, P = 0.001, respectively). Circulating acetate and propionate were, respectively, negatively and positively correlated with IS (M-value: std β adj −0.294, P < 0.001; std β adj 0.161, P = 0.033, respectively). We show that circulating rather than faecal SCFA were associated with GLP-1 concentrations, whole-body lipolysis and peripheral IS in humans. Therefore, circulating SCFA are more directly linked to metabolic health, which indicates the need to measure circulating SCFA in human prebiotic/probiotic intervention studies as a biomarker/mediator of effects on host metabolism.
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11
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Sowah SA, Riedl L, Damms-Machado A, Johnson TS, Schübel R, Graf M, Kartal E, Zeller G, Schwingshackl L, Stangl GI, Kaaks R, Kühn T. Effects of Weight-Loss Interventions on Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations in Blood and Feces of Adults: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2019; 10:673-684. [PMID: 31075175 PMCID: PMC6628843 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs, mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate), which are primarily derived from the gut microbiome, may exert anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects, and regulate energy homeostasis. It has been suggested that weight loss may affect SCFA metabolism, but a systematic review of intervention studies is lacking. We aimed to systematically assess the effects of dietary, physical activity-based, and surgical weight-loss interventions among overweight [body mass index (BMI) 25-29.9 kg/m2)] or obese (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) adults (≥18 y) on concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total SCFAs in blood, urine, or feces. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) up to April 30, 2018 for randomized and nonrandomized weight-loss trials among overweight or obese adults, in which the concentrations of individual and total SCFAs were assessed. A total of 9 studies consisting of 2 randomized parallel-arm trials, 4 crossover trials, and 3 nonrandomized clinical or surgical trials were included. In the majority of studies, changes in fecal SCFA concentrations were assessed, whereas changes in serum SCFAs were reported from 1 trial. Individual and total SCFA concentrations either remained unchanged or decreased significantly following weight loss. Three of the dietary interventions that resulted in decreased SCFA concentrations were low (≤5% of energy) in total carbohydrates. Most of the studies had a high risk of bias. Decreases in SCFA concentrations may accompany weight loss induced by bariatric surgery or dietary restriction among overweight or obese adults, particularly when carbohydrate intake is reduced. However, findings were inconsistent and based on studies with high to unclear risk of bias, and small sample sizes. Because measurements of fecal SCFAs may not be ideal due to limited sample standardization, well-powered trials with repeated blood measurements of SCFAs are required. This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42018088716.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon A Sowah
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany,Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Riedl
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Antje Damms-Machado
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron S Johnson
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Schübel
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mirja Graf
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ece Kartal
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany,European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit (MMPU), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg Zeller
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Structural and Computational Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, Heidelberg, Germany,Address correspondence to TK (e-mail: )
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12
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Isabelle SA, Ahmed-Ben M, Benoit C, Dominique D, Jérémie D, Noureddine H, Carole M, Estelle PG, Didier R, Sergio P. Profound Changes in Net Energy and Nitrogen Metabolites Fluxes within the Splanchnic Area during Overfeeding of Yucatan Mini Pigs That Remain Euglycemic. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020434. [PMID: 30791497 PMCID: PMC6412845 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulation of nutrient exchange between tissues (gut, liver, muscles, adipose) occurs during overnutrition and could induce obesity and metabolic diseases. We aimed to evaluate how, in overfed mini pigs, nutrients use and partition were regulated in the gut and liver. Net nutrients fluxes were assessed in the fed (PP) and post absorptive (PA) states at 1, 14 and 60 days of adaptation to overfeeding in five adult Yucatan female multicatheterized minipigs. Pigs PA glycaemia and PP-induced hyperglycemia remained unchanged over the experimental period, suggesting that the management of the excess of energy intake allowed the maintenance of glucose levels. This was associated with (1) an increased PA plasma insulin, (2) an increased gut lactate production (increased lactate net release +89%, 1 h PP, D1 vs. D60) probably from an increased glucose oxidation, (3) a shift in utilization of gluconeogenic precursor (lactate, propionate) in the liver, and (4) a reduced gut utilization of nitrogen moieties for energy purposes (glutamine), a nitrogen sparing effect at the whole body level (decreased plasma urea in PA (−24% D1 vs. D60) and PP states) and a specific increased level of AA involved in lipids handling and bile recycling in the gut lumen (taurine and glycine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Savary-Auzeloux Isabelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Mohamed Ahmed-Ben
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Cohade Benoit
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Dardevet Dominique
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - David Jérémie
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Hafnaoui Noureddine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Migné Carole
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, Metabo-Hub Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Pujos-Guillot Estelle
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, PFEM, Metabo-Hub Clermont, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Rémond Didier
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
| | - Polakof Sergio
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont Ferrand, France.
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13
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Gancheva S, Jelenik T, Álvarez-Hernández E, Roden M. Interorgan Metabolic Crosstalk in Human Insulin Resistance. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1371-1415. [PMID: 29767564 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00015.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive energy intake and reduced energy expenditure drive the development of insulin resistance and metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolic signals derived from dietary intake or secreted from adipose tissue, gut, and liver contribute to energy homeostasis. Recent metabolomic studies identified novel metabolites and enlarged our knowledge on classic metabolites. This review summarizes the evidence of their roles as mediators of interorgan crosstalk and regulators of insulin sensitivity and energy metabolism. Circulating lipids such as free fatty acids, acetate, and palmitoleate from adipose tissue and short-chain fatty acids from the gut effectively act on liver and skeletal muscle. Intracellular lipids such as diacylglycerols and sphingolipids can serve as lipotoxins by directly inhibiting insulin action in muscle and liver. In contrast, fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids have been recently shown to exert a series of beneficial effects. Also, ketoacids are gaining interest as potent modulators of insulin action and mitochondrial function. Finally, branched-chain amino acids not only predict metabolic diseases, but also inhibit insulin signaling. Here, we focus on the metabolic crosstalk in humans, which regulates insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis in the main insulin-sensitive tissues, skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofiya Gancheva
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Tomas Jelenik
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Elisa Álvarez-Hernández
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany ; and German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich- Neuherberg , Germany
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14
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Colonic infusions of short-chain fatty acid mixtures promote energy metabolism in overweight/obese men: a randomized crossover trial. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2360. [PMID: 28539646 PMCID: PMC5443817 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02546-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), formed by microbial fermentation, are believed to be involved in the aetiology of obesity and diabetes. This study investigated the effects of colonic administration of physiologically relevant SCFA mixtures on human substrate and energy metabolism. In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, twelve normoglycaemic men (BMI 25–35 kg/m2) underwent four investigational days, during which SCFA mixtures (200 mmol/L) high in either acetate (HA), propionate (HP), butyrate (HB) or placebo (PLA) were rectally administered during fasting and postprandial conditions (oral glucose load). Before and for two hours after colonic infusions, indirect calorimetry was performed and blood samples were collected. All three SCFA mixtures increased fasting fat oxidation (P < 0.01), whilst resting energy expenditure increased after HA and HP compared with PLA (P < 0.05). In addition, all three SCFA mixtures increased fasting and postprandial plasma peptide YY (PYY) concentrations, and attenuated fasting free glycerol concentrations versus PLA (P < 0.05). Colonic infusions of SCFA mixtures, in concentrations and ratios reached after fibre intake, increased fat oxidation, energy expenditure and PYY, and decreased lipolysis in overweight/obese men. Human intervention studies are warranted to investigate whether these effects translate into long-term benefits for body weight control and insulin sensitivity in the obese insulin resistant state.
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15
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Jocken JWE, González Hernández MA, Hoebers NTH, van der Beek CM, Essers YPG, Blaak EE, Canfora EE. Short-Chain Fatty Acids Differentially Affect Intracellular Lipolysis in a Human White Adipocyte Model. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:372. [PMID: 29375478 PMCID: PMC5768634 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Gut-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), formed by microbial fermentation of dietary fibers, are believed to be involved in the etiology of obesity and diabetes. Previous data from our group showed that colonic infusions of physiologically relevant SCFA mixtures attenuated whole-body lipolysis in overweight men. To further study potential mechanisms involved in the antilipolytic properties of SCFA, we aimed to investigate the in vitro effects of SCFA incubations on intracellular lipolysis and signaling using a human white adipocyte model, the human multipotent adipose tissue-derived stem (hMADS) cells. METHODS hMADS adipocytes were incubated with mixtures of acetate, propionate, and butyrate or single SCFA (acetate, propionate and butyrate) in concentrations ranging between 1 µmol/L and 1 mmol/L. Glycerol release and lipase activation was investigated during basal conditions and following β-adrenergic stimulation. RESULTS SCFA mixtures high in acetate and propionate decreased basal glycerol release, when compared to control (P < 0.05), while mixtures high in butyrate had no effect. Also, β-adrenergic receptor mediated glycerol release was not significantly altered following incubation with SCFA mixtures. Incubation with only acetate decreased basal (1 µmol/L) and β-adrenergically (1 µmol/L and 1 mmol/L) mediated glycerol release when compared with control (P < 0.05). In contrast, butyrate (1 µmol/L) slightly increased basal and β-adrenergically mediated glycerol release compared with control (P < 0.05), while propionate had no effect on lipolysis. The antilipolytic effect of acetate was accompanied by a reduced phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) at serine residue 650. In addition, inhibition of Gi G proteins following pertussis toxin treatment prevented the antilipolytic effect of acetate. CONCLUSION The present data demonstrated that acetate was mainly responsible for the antilipolytic effects of SCFA and acts via attenuation of HSL phosphorylation in a Gi-coupled manner in hMADS adipocytes. Therefore, the modulation of colonic and circulating acetate may be an important target to modulate human adipose tissue lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan W. E. Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Manuel A. González Hernández
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Nicole T. H. Hoebers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Christina M. van der Beek
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne P. G. Essers
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ellen E. Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Emanuel E. Canfora
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Top Institute Food and Nutrition, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Emanuel E. Canfora,
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16
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Rahat-Rozenbloom S, Fernandes J, Cheng J, Wolever TMS. Acute increases in serum colonic short-chain fatty acids elicited by inulin do not increase GLP-1 or PYY responses but may reduce ghrelin in lean and overweight humans. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:953-958. [PMID: 27966574 PMCID: PMC5423780 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Colonic fermentation of dietary-fibre to short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFA) influences appetite hormone secretion in animals, but SCFA production is excessive in obese animals. This suggests there may be resistance to the effect of SCFA on appetite-hormones in obesity. Objectives to determine the effects of inulin (IN) and resistant-starch (RS) on postprandial SCFA, and gut hormone (GLP-1, PYY, and ghrelin) responses in healthy overweight/obese (OWO) vs lean (LN) humans. Methods Overnight fasted participants (13 OWO, 12 LN) consumed 300mL water containing 75g glucose (GLU) as Control, or 75g glucose plus 24g IN, or 28.2g RS using a randomized, single-blind, cross-over design. Blood for appetite-hormones and SCFA was collected at intervals over 6h. A standard lunch was served 4h after the test drink. Results Relative to GLU, IN, but not RS, significantly increased SCFA AUC from 4–6h (AUC4-6). Neither IN nor RS affected GLP-1 or PYY-AUC4-6. Although neither IN nor RS reduced ghrelin-AUC4-6 compared to GLU, ghrelin at 6h after IN was significantly lower than that after GLU (p<0.05). After IN, relative to GLU, the changes in SCFA-AUC4-6 were negatively related to the changes in ghrelin-AUC4-6 (p=0.017). SCFA and hormone responses did not differ significantly between LN and OWO. Conclusions Acute increases in colonic SCFA do not affect GLP-1 or PYY responses in LN or OWO subjects, but may reduce ghrelin. The results do not support the hypothesis that SCFA acutely stimulate PYY and GLP-1 secretion; however, a longer adaptation to increased colonic fermentation or a larger sample size may yield different results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rahat-Rozenbloom
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Fernandes
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Cheng
- Biostatistics Unit, St Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Charlton East, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - T M S Wolever
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, and Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Abstract
The formation of SCFA is the result of a complex interplay between diet and the gut microbiota within the gut lumen environment. The discovery of receptors, across a range of cell and tissue types for which short chain fatty acids SCFA appear to be the natural ligands, has led to increased interest in SCFA as signaling molecules between the gut microbiota and the host. SCFA represent the major carbon flux from the diet through the gut microbiota to the host and evidence is emerging for a regulatory role of SCFA in local, intermediary and peripheral metabolism. However, a lack of well-designed and controlled human studies has hampered our understanding of the significance of SCFA in human metabolic health. This review aims to pull together recent findings on the role of SCFA in human metabolism to highlight the multi-faceted role of SCFA on different metabolic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, East Kilbride, Scotland
| | - Tom Preston
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, East Kilbride, Scotland
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18
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Abstract
The formation of SCFA is the result of a complex interplay between diet and the gut microbiota within the gut lumen environment. The discovery of receptors, across a range of cell and tissue types for which short chain fatty acids SCFA appear to be the natural ligands, has led to increased interest in SCFA as signaling molecules between the gut microbiota and the host. SCFA represent the major carbon flux from the diet through the gut microbiota to the host and evidence is emerging for a regulatory role of SCFA in local, intermediary and peripheral metabolism. However, a lack of well-designed and controlled human studies has hampered our understanding of the significance of SCFA in human metabolic health. This review aims to pull together recent findings on the role of SCFA in human metabolism to highlight the multi-faceted role of SCFA on different metabolic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Morrison
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, East Kilbride, Scotland
| | - Tom Preston
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, University of Glasgow, East Kilbride, Scotland
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