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Pasqualotto BA, Tegeman C, Frame AK, McPhedrain R, Halangoda K, Sheldon CA, Rintoul GL. Galactose-replacement unmasks the biochemical consequences of the G11778A mitochondrial DNA mutation of LHON in patient-derived fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2024; 439:114075. [PMID: 38710404 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.114075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a visual impairment associated with mutations of mitochondrial genes encoding elements of the electron transport chain. While much is known about the genetics of LHON, the cellular pathophysiology leading to retinal ganglion cell degeneration and subsequent vision loss is poorly understood. The impacts of the G11778A mutation of LHON on bioenergetics, redox balance and cell proliferation were examined in patient-derived fibroblasts. Replacement of glucose with galactose in the culture media reveals a deficit in the proliferation of G11778A fibroblasts, imparts a reduction in ATP biosynthesis, and a reduction in capacity to accommodate exogenous oxidative stress. While steady-state ROS levels were unaffected by the LHON mutation, cell survival was diminished in response to exogenous H2O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Pasqualotto
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Carina Tegeman
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ariel K Frame
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan McPhedrain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kolitha Halangoda
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Claire A Sheldon
- Dept. of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gordon L Rintoul
- Department of Biological Sciences and Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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2
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Tamas C, Tamas F, Kovecsi A, Cehan A, Balasa A. Metabolic Contrasts: Fatty Acid Oxidation and Ketone Bodies in Healthy Brains vs. Glioblastoma Multiforme. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5482. [PMID: 38791520 PMCID: PMC11122426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolism of glucose and lipids plays a crucial role in the normal homeostasis of the body. Although glucose is the main energy substrate, in its absence, lipid metabolism becomes the primary source of energy. The main means of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) takes place in the mitochondrial matrix through β-oxidation. Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor (45.6%), with an incidence of 3.1 per 100,000. The metabolic changes found in GBM cells and in the surrounding microenvironment are associated with proliferation, migration, and resistance to treatment. Tumor cells show a remodeling of metabolism with the use of glycolysis at the expense of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), known as the Warburg effect. Specialized fatty acids (FAs) transporters such as FAT, FABP, or FATP from the tumor microenvironment are overexpressed in GBM and contribute to the absorption and storage of an increased amount of lipids that will provide sufficient energy used for tumor growth and invasion. This review provides an overview of the key enzymes, transporters, and main regulatory pathways of FAs and ketone bodies (KBs) in normal versus GBM cells, highlighting the need to develop new therapeutic strategies to improve treatment efficacy in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tamas
- Doctoral School of Medicine and Pharmacy, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Attila Kovecsi
- Department of Morphopathology, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Morphopathology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alina Cehan
- Department of Plastic, Esthetics and Reconstructive Surgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Adrian Balasa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 540136 Targu Mures, Romania;
- Department of Neurosurgery, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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3
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Alves VS, Oliveira FA. Plasma membrane calcium ATPase powered by glycolysis is the main mechanism for calcium clearance in the hippocampal pyramidal neuron. Life Sci 2024; 344:122554. [PMID: 38462228 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study sought to elucidate the primary ATP-dependent mechanisms involved in clearing cytosolic Ca2+ in neurons and determine the predominant ATP-generating pathway-glycolysis or tricarboxylic acid cycle/oxidative phosphorylation (TCA/OxPhos)-associated with these mechanisms in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. MAIN METHODS Our investigation involved evaluating basal Ca2+ levels and analyzing the kinetic characteristics of evoked neuronal Ca2+ transients after selectively combined the inhibition/blockade of key ATP-dependent mechanisms with the suppression of either TCA/OxPhos or glycolytic ATP sources. KEY FINDINGS Our findings unveiled that the plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase (PMCA) serves as the principal ATP-dependent mechanism for clearance cytosolic Ca2+ in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, both during rest and neuronal activity. Remarkably, during cellular activity, PMCA relies on ATP derived from glycolysis, challenging the traditional notion of neuronal reliance on TCA/OxPhos for ATP. Other mechanisms for Ca2+ clearance in pyramidal neurons, such as SERCA and NCX, appear to be dependent on TCA/OxPhos. Interestingly, at rest, the ATP required to fuel PMCA and SERCA, the two main mechanisms to keep resting Ca2+, seems to originate from a source other than glycolysis or the TCA/OxPhos. SIGNIFICANCE These findings underscore the vital role of glycolysis in bolstering PMCA neuronal function to uphold Ca2+ homeostasis. Moreover, they elucidate the varying dependencies of cytoplasmic Ca2+ clearance mechanisms on distinct energy sources for their operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor S Alves
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory (LaNeC), Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC - UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Oliveira
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory (LaNeC), Center for Mathematics, Computing and Cognition (CMCC), Federal University of ABC - UFABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
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4
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Kong D, Gan Z, Li X. Phylogenetic relationships and adaptation in deep-sea carideans revealed by mitogenomes. Gene 2024; 896:148054. [PMID: 38042216 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
The deep-sea environment is characterized by extreme and inhospitable conditions, including oxygen depletion, low temperatures, high pressure, absence of light, and limited food availability. Mitochondria and mitogenomes play a crudial role in aerobic respiration to generate energy for eukaryotes. Here, using the Illumina Hiseq 4000 platform, we performed mitogenome sequencing for five deep-sea caridean species: Lebbeus shinkaiae, Lebbeus Formosus, Glyphocrangon regalis, Heterocarpus dorsalis, and Heterocarpus laevigatus, and five deep-sea caridean mitogenomes were assembled and identified. Each of the five mitogenomes contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs and 22 tRNAs. Specific elements, such as tandem repeats and AT-rich sequences, were observed in the control regions of Lebbeus formosus and Lebbeus shinkaiae, potentially take a role in regulating mitochondrial genome replication and transcription. The gene order of all obtained mitogenomes follows caridean ancestral type organization. Phylogenetic analysis shows a robustly supported phylogenetic tree for the infraorder Caridea. The monophyly of the families included in this study was strongly supported. This study supports the monophyly of Oplophoroidea, but rejects the monophyletic status of Nematocarcinoidea, Crangonoidea, and Alpheoidea. At the genus level, Plesionika is polyphyletic and Rimicaris is paraphyletic in our analysis. Furthermore, Paralebbeus may be considered invalid and synonymous with Lebbeus. Positive selection analysis reveals evidence for adaptive changes in the mitogenome of different deep-sea caridean lineages. Nine residues located in cox1, cox3, atp6, nad1, nad2, nad4, nad5, nad6 and cytb were determined to have undergone positive selection. Mitogenome of different deep-sea lineages experienced different positive selection, and the lineage represented by Alvinocarididae living in deep-sea hydrothermal vents experienced the strongest positive selection. This study provides valuable insights into the adaptive evolution of deep-sea shrimps at the mitochondrial, highlighting the mitogenomic strategy that contribute to their unique adaptations in the deep-sea environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deming Kong
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhibin Gan
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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5
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Matveeva A, Watters O, Rukhadze A, Khemka N, Gentile D, Perez IF, Llorente-Folch I, Farrell C, Lo Cacciato E, Jackson J, Piazzesi A, Wischhof L, Woods I, Halang L, Hogg M, Muñoz AG, Dillon ET, Matallanas D, Arijs I, Lambrechts D, Bano D, Connolly NMC, Prehn JHM. Integrated analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic alterations in mouse models of ALS/FTD identify early metabolic adaptions with similarities to mitochondrial dysfunction disorders. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2024; 25:135-149. [PMID: 37779364 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2023.2261979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in loss of motor neurons and, in some patients, associates with frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Apart from the accumulation of proteinaceous deposits, emerging literature indicates that aberrant mitochondrial bioenergetics may contribute to the onset and progression of ALS/FTD. Here we sought to investigate the pathophysiological signatures of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with ALS/FTD. METHODS By means of label-free mass spectrometry (MS) and mRNA sequencing (mRNA-seq), we report pre-symptomatic changes in the cortices of TDP-43 and FUS mutant mouse models. Using tissues from transgenic mouse models of mitochondrial diseases as a reference, we performed comparative analyses and extracted unique and common mitochondrial signatures that revealed neuroprotective compensatory mechanisms in response to early damage. RESULTS In this regard, upregulation of both Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long-Chain Family Member 3 (ACSL3) and mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (YARS2) were the most representative change in pre-symptomatic ALS/FTD tissues, suggesting that fatty acid beta-oxidation and mitochondrial protein translation are mechanisms of adaptation in response to ALS/FTD pathology. CONCLUSIONS Together, our unbiased integrative analyses unveil novel molecular components that may influence mitochondrial homeostasis in the earliest phase of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Matveeva
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Orla Watters
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Ani Rukhadze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Niraj Khemka
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Debora Gentile
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ivan Fernandez Perez
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Irene Llorente-Folch
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Cliona Farrell
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | - Joshua Jackson
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Antonia Piazzesi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ina Woods
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Luise Halang
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Marion Hogg
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Biosciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Amaya Garcia Muñoz
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Eugène T Dillon
- Mass Spectrometry Resource, Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - David Matallanas
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Belfield, Ireland
| | - Ingrid Arijs
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diether Lambrechts
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, and
- VIB Center for Cancer Biology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Niamh M C Connolly
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
- SFI FutureNeuro Research Centre, Dublin 2, Ireland
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6
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Wang HY, Liu LX, Chen XY, Zhang YD, Li WX, Li WW, Wang L, Mo XL, Wei H, Ji P, Xie P. Comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiome and post-translational modifications elucidates the route involved in microbiota-host interactions. Zool Res 2024; 45:95-107. [PMID: 38114436 PMCID: PMC10839661 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome interacts with the host to maintain body homeostasis, with gut microbial dysbiosis implicated in many diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms of gut microbe regulation of host behavior and brain functions remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the influence of gut microbiota on brain functions via post-translational modification mechanisms in the presence or absence of bacteria without any stimulation. We conducted succinylome analysis of hippocampal proteins in germ-free (GF) and specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice and metagenomic analysis of feces from SPF mice. These results were integrated with previously reported hippocampal acetylome and phosphorylome data from the same batch of mice. Subsequent bioinformatics analyses revealed 584 succinylation sites on 455 proteins, including 54 up-regulated succinylation sites on 91 proteins and 99 down-regulated sites on 51 proteins in the GF mice compared to the SPF mice. We constructed a panoramic map of gut microbiota-regulated succinylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation, and identified cross-talk and relative independence between the different types of post-translational modifications in modulating complicated intracellular pathways. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that 13 taxa, predominantly belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum, were correlated with the biological functions of post-translational modifications. Positive correlations between these taxa and succinylation and negative correlations between these taxa and acetylation were identified in the modulation of intracellular pathways. This study highlights the hippocampal physiological changes induced by the absence of gut microbiota, and proteomic quantification of succinylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation, contributing to our understanding of the role of the gut microbiome in brain function and behavioral phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yang Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Lan-Xiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Xue-Yi Chen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wen-Xia Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lian Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xiao-Long Mo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 401329, China. E-mail:
| | - Ping Ji
- College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing 401147, China. E-mail:
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- College of Stomatology and Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China. E-mail:
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7
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Oberman K, van Leeuwen BL, Nabben M, Villafranca JE, Schoemaker RG. J147 affects cognition and anxiety after surgery in Zucker rats. Physiol Behav 2024; 273:114413. [PMID: 37989448 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Vulnerable patients are at risk for neuroinflammation-mediated post-operative complications, including depression (POD) and cognitive dysfunction (POCD). Zucker rats, expressing multiple risk factors for post-operative complications in humans, may provide a clinically relevant model to study pathophysiology and explore potential interventions. J147, a newly developed anti-dementia drug, was shown to prevent POCD in young healthy rats, and improved early post-surgical recovery in Zucker rats. Aim of the present study was to investigate POCD and the therapeutic potential of J147 in male Zucker rats. Risk factors in the Zucker rat strain were evaluated by comparison with lean littermates. Zucker rats were subjected to major abdominal surgery. Acute J147 treatment was provided by a single iv injection (10 mg/kg) at the start of surgery, while chronic J147 treatment was provided in the food (aimed at 30 mg/kg/day), starting one week before surgery and up to end of protocol. Effects on behavior were assessed, and plasma, urine and brain tissue were collected and processed for immunohistochemistry and molecular analyses. Indeed, Zucker rats displayed increased risk factors for POCD, including obesity, high plasma triglycerides, low grade systemic inflammation, impaired spatial learning and decreased neurogenesis. Surgery in Zucker rats reduced exploration and increased anxiety in the Open Field test, impaired short-term spatial memory, induced a shift in circadian rhythm and increased plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), microglia activity in the CA1 and blood brain barrier leakage. Chronic, but not acute J147 treatment reduced anxiety in the Open Field test and protected against the spatial memory decline. Moreover, chronic J147 increased glucose sensitivity. Acute J147 treatment improved long-term spatial memory and reversed the circadian rhythm shift. No anti-inflammatory effects were seen for J147. Although Zucker rats displayed risk factors, surgery did not induce extensive POCD. However, increased anxiety may indicate POD. Treatment with J147 showed positive effects on behavioral and metabolic parameters, but did not affect (neuro)inflammation. The mixed effect of acute and chronic treatment may suggest a combination for optimal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Oberman
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - B L van Leeuwen
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - M Nabben
- Departments of Genetics & Cell Biology and Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J E Villafranca
- Abrexa Pharmaceuticals Inc., San Diego, United States of America
| | - R G Schoemaker
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, GELIFES, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
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8
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Chu GE, Park JY, Park CH, Cho WG. Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in TRIF-Dependent Toll-like Receptor 3 Signaling in Bronchial Epithelial Cells against Viral Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:226. [PMID: 38203397 PMCID: PMC10778811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in double-stranded RNA recognition and triggers the innate immune response by acting as a key receptor against viral infections. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in TLR3-induced inflammatory responses during viral infections; however, their relationship with mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) remains largely unknown. In this study, we show that polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), a mimic of viral RNA, induced TLR3-mediated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway activation and enhanced mtROS generation, leading to inflammatory cytokine production. TLR3-targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Mito-TEMPO inhibited inflammatory cytokine production in poly(I:C)-treated BEAS-2B cells. Poly(I:C) recruited the TLR3 adaptor molecule Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor, inducing IFN (TRIF) and activated NF-κB signaling. Additionally, TLR3-induced mtROS generation suppression and siRNA-mediated TRIF downregulation attenuated mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) degradation. Our findings provide insights into the TLR3-TRIF signaling pathway and MAVS in viral infections, and suggest TLR3-mtROS as a therapeutic target for the treatment of airway inflammatory and viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ga Eul Chu
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (G.E.C.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Jun Young Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (G.E.C.); (C.H.P.)
| | - Won Gil Cho
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju 26426, Republic of Korea; (G.E.C.); (C.H.P.)
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9
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Meshrkey F, Scheulin KM, Littlejohn CM, Stabach J, Saikia B, Thorat V, Huang Y, LaFramboise T, Lesnefsky EJ, Rao RR, West FD, Iyer S. Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patients carrying mitochondrial mutations exhibit altered bioenergetics and aberrant differentiation potential. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:320. [PMID: 37936209 PMCID: PMC10631039 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human mitochondrial DNA mutations are associated with common to rare mitochondrial disorders, which are multisystemic with complex clinical pathologies. The pathologies of these diseases are poorly understood and have no FDA-approved treatments leading to symptom management. Leigh syndrome (LS) is a pediatric mitochondrial disorder that affects the central nervous system during early development and causes death in infancy. Since there are no adequate models for understanding the rapid fatality associated with LS, human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology has been recognized as a useful approach to generate patient-specific stem cells for disease modeling and understanding the origins of the phenotype. METHODS hiPSCs were generated from control BJ and four disease fibroblast lines using a cocktail of non-modified reprogramming and immune evasion mRNAs and microRNAs. Expression of hiPSC-associated intracellular and cell surface markers was identified by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Karyotyping of hiPSCs was performed with cytogenetic analysis. Sanger and next-generation sequencing were used to detect and quantify the mutation in all hiPSCs. The mitochondrial respiration ability and glycolytic function were measured by the Seahorse Bioscience XFe96 extracellular flux analyzer. RESULTS Reprogrammed hiPSCs expressed pluripotent stem cell markers including transcription factors POU5F1, NANOG and SOX2 and cell surface markers SSEA4, TRA-1-60 and TRA-1-81 at the protein level. Sanger sequencing analysis confirmed the presence of mutations in all reprogrammed hiPSCs. Next-generation sequencing demonstrated the variable presence of mutant mtDNA in reprogrammed hiPSCs. Cytogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of normal karyotype in all reprogrammed hiPSCs. Patient-derived hiPSCs demonstrated decreased maximal mitochondrial respiration, while mitochondrial ATP production was not significantly different between the control and disease hiPSCs. In line with low maximal respiration, the spare respiratory capacity was lower in all the disease hiPSCs. The hiPSCs also demonstrated neural and cardiac differentiation potential. CONCLUSION Overall, the hiPSCs exhibited variable mitochondrial dysfunction that may alter their differentiation potential and provide key insights into clinically relevant developmental perturbations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fibi Meshrkey
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Kelly M Scheulin
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christopher M Littlejohn
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joshua Stabach
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Bibhuti Saikia
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Vedant Thorat
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Edward J Lesnefsky
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Cardiology Section Medical Service, McGuire Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Raj R Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedical and Health Sciences Institute, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Science and Engineering 601, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
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10
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Khan H, Verma Y, Rana SVS. Combined Effects of Fluoride and Arsenic on Mitochondrial Function in the Liver of Rat. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 195:6856-6866. [PMID: 36947368 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical and/or molecular mechanisms of arsenic or fluoride toxicity in experimental animals have been widely investigated in the recent past. However, their combined effects on target cells/organelle are poorly understood. The present study was executed to delineate their combined effects on mitochondrial function in the liver of rat. Female Wistar rats (140 ± 20 g) were force fed individually or in combination with sodium arsenate (4 mg/kg body weight) and sodium fluoride (4 mg/kg body weight) for 90 days. Thereafter, established markers of mitochondrial function viz. mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, oxidative phosphorylation, ATPase, succinic dehydrogenase, and caspase-3 activity were determined. Cytochrome C release and oxidative DNA damage were also estimated in the liver of respective groups of rats. The study showed significant differences in these results amongst the three groups. Observations on parameters viz. LPO, cytochrome-C, caspase-3, and 8-OHdG suggested an antagonistic relationship between these two elements. Results on ATPase, SDH, and ADP:O ratio indicated synergism. It is concluded that AsIII + F in combination may express differential effects on signalling pathways and proapoptotic/antiapoptotic proteins/genes that contribute to liver cell death. Interaction of As and F with mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Khan
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India
| | - Yeshvandra Verma
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India
| | - S V S Rana
- Department of Toxicology, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut, 250 004, India.
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11
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Harrington JS, Ryter SW, Plataki M, Price DR, Choi AMK. Mitochondria in health, disease, and aging. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:2349-2422. [PMID: 37021870 PMCID: PMC10393386 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00058.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are well known as organelles responsible for the maintenance of cellular bioenergetics through the production of ATP. Although oxidative phosphorylation may be their most important function, mitochondria are also integral for the synthesis of metabolic precursors, calcium regulation, the production of reactive oxygen species, immune signaling, and apoptosis. Considering the breadth of their responsibilities, mitochondria are fundamental for cellular metabolism and homeostasis. Appreciating this significance, translational medicine has begun to investigate how mitochondrial dysfunction can represent a harbinger of disease. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of mitochondrial metabolism, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial dynamics, autophagy, mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns, mitochondria-mediated cell death pathways, and how mitochondrial dysfunction at any of these levels is associated with disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria-dependent pathways may thereby represent an attractive therapeutic target for ameliorating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Harrington
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | | | - Maria Plataki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - David R Price
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Augustine M K Choi
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States
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12
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Rocca C, Soda T, De Francesco EM, Fiorillo M, Moccia F, Viglietto G, Angelone T, Amodio N. Mitochondrial dysfunction at the crossroad of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:635. [PMID: 37726810 PMCID: PMC10507834 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04498-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates the existence of a complex pathophysiological relationship between cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Mitochondria are crucial organelles whose optimal activity is determined by quality control systems, which regulate critical cellular events, ranging from intermediary metabolism and calcium signaling to mitochondrial dynamics, cell death and mitophagy. Emerging data indicate that impaired mitochondrial quality control drives myocardial dysfunction occurring in several heart diseases, including cardiac hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, ischaemia/reperfusion damage and metabolic cardiomyopathies. On the other hand, diverse human cancers also dysregulate mitochondrial quality control to promote their initiation and progression, suggesting that modulating mitochondrial homeostasis may represent a promising therapeutic strategy both in cardiology and oncology. In this review, first we briefly introduce the physiological mechanisms underlying the mitochondrial quality control system, and then summarize the current understanding about the impact of dysregulated mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular diseases and cancer. We also discuss key mitochondrial mechanisms underlying the increased risk of cardiovascular complications secondary to the main current anticancer strategies, highlighting the potential of strategies aimed at alleviating mitochondrial impairment-related cardiac dysfunction and tumorigenesis. It is hoped that this summary can provide novel insights into precision medicine approaches to reduce cardiovascular and cancer morbidities and mortalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Rocca
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Teresa Soda
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernestina Marianna De Francesco
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95122, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Fiorillo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Rende, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Laboratory of General Physiology, Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Viglietto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Tommaso Angelone
- Cellular and Molecular Cardiovascular Pathophysiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, E and E.S. (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036, Cosenza, Italy.
- National Institute of Cardiovascular Research (I.N.R.C.), 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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13
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Chen L, Zhou M, Li H, Liu D, Liao P, Zong Y, Zhang C, Zou W, Gao J. Mitochondrial heterogeneity in diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:311. [PMID: 37607925 PMCID: PMC10444818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01546-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As key organelles involved in cellular metabolism, mitochondria frequently undergo adaptive changes in morphology, components and functions in response to various environmental stresses and cellular demands. Previous studies of mitochondria research have gradually evolved, from focusing on morphological change analysis to systematic multiomics, thereby revealing the mitochondrial variation between cells or within the mitochondrial population within a single cell. The phenomenon of mitochondrial variation features is defined as mitochondrial heterogeneity. Moreover, mitochondrial heterogeneity has been reported to influence a variety of physiological processes, including tissue homeostasis, tissue repair, immunoregulation, and tumor progression. Here, we comprehensively review the mitochondrial heterogeneity in different tissues under pathological states, involving variant features of mitochondrial DNA, RNA, protein and lipid components. Then, the mechanisms that contribute to mitochondrial heterogeneity are also summarized, such as the mutation of the mitochondrial genome and the import of mitochondrial proteins that result in the heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA and protein components. Additionally, multiple perspectives are investigated to better comprehend the mysteries of mitochondrial heterogeneity between cells. Finally, we summarize the prospective mitochondrial heterogeneity-targeting therapies in terms of alleviating mitochondrial oxidative damage, reducing mitochondrial carbon stress and enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis to relieve various pathological conditions. The possibility of recent technological advances in targeted mitochondrial gene editing is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mengnan Zhou
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Delin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peng Liao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zong
- Centre for Orthopaedic Research, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Changqing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Weiguo Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Junjie Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, and Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China.
- Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Fujian, No. 16, Luoshan Section, Jinguang Road, Luoshan Street, Jinjiang City, Quanzhou, Fujian, China.
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14
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Meng L, Wu G. Recent advances in small molecules for improving mitochondrial disorders. RSC Adv 2023; 13:20476-20485. [PMID: 37435377 PMCID: PMC10331567 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are observed in various human diseases, including rare genetic disorders and complex acquired pathologies. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have dramatically expanded the understanding of multiple pathomechanisms involving mitochondrial disorders. However, the therapeutic methods for mitochondrial disorders are limited. For this reason, there is increasing interest in identifying safe and effective strategies to mitigate mitochondrial impairments. Small-molecule therapies hold promise for improving mitochondrial performance. This review focuses on the latest advances in developing bioactive compounds for treating mitochondrial disease, aiming to provide a broader perspective of fundamental studies that have been carried out to evaluate the effects of small molecules in regulating mitochondrial function. Novel-designed small molecules ameliorating mitochondrial functions are urgent for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liying Meng
- Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Guanzhao Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University Qingdao China
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15
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Smullen M, Olson MN, Murray LF, Suresh M, Yan G, Dawes P, Barton NJ, Mason JN, Zhang Y, Fernandez-Fontaine AA, Church GM, Mastroeni D, Wang Q, Lim ET, Chan Y, Readhead B. Modeling of mitochondrial genetic polymorphisms reveals induction of heteroplasmy by pleiotropic disease locus 10398A>G. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10405. [PMID: 37369829 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial (MT) dysfunction has been associated with several neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). While MT-copy number differences have been implicated in AD, the effect of MT heteroplasmy on AD has not been well characterized. Here, we analyzed over 1800 whole genome sequencing data from four AD cohorts in seven different tissue types to determine the extent of MT heteroplasmy present. While MT heteroplasmy was present throughout the entire MT genome for blood samples, we detected MT heteroplasmy only within the MT control region for brain samples. We observed that an MT variant 10398A>G (rs2853826) was significantly associated with overall MT heteroplasmy in brain tissue while also being linked with the largest number of distinct disease phenotypes of all annotated MT variants in MitoMap. Using gene-expression data from our brain samples, our modeling discovered several gene networks involved in mitochondrial respiratory chain and Complex I function associated with 10398A>G. The variant was also found to be an expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) for the gene MT-ND3. We further characterized the effect of 10398A>G by phenotyping a population of lymphoblastoid cell-lines (LCLs) with and without the variant allele. Examination of RNA sequence data from these LCLs reveal that 10398A>G was an eQTL for MT-ND4. We also observed in LCLs that 10398A>G was significantly associated with overall MT heteroplasmy within the MT control region, confirming the initial findings observed in post-mortem brain tissue. These results provide novel evidence linking MT SNPs with MT heteroplasmy and open novel avenues for the investigation of pathomechanisms that are driven by this pleiotropic disease associated loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Smullen
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Meagan N Olson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Liam F Murray
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Madhusoodhanan Suresh
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Guang Yan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Pepper Dawes
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Barton
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Jivanna N Mason
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Aria A Fernandez-Fontaine
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - George M Church
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Diego Mastroeni
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA
| | - Elaine T Lim
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Yingleong Chan
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| | - Benjamin Readhead
- ASU-Banner Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85281, USA.
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16
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Distelmaier F, Klopstock T. Neuroimaging in mitochondrial disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:173-185. [PMID: 36813312 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The anatomic complexity of the brain in combination with its high energy demands makes this organ specifically vulnerable to defects of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Therefore, neurodegeneration is a hallmark of mitochondrial diseases. The nervous system of affected individuals typically shows selective regional vulnerability leading to distinct patterns of tissue damage. A classic example is Leigh syndrome, which causes symmetric alterations of basal ganglia and brain stem. Leigh syndrome can be caused by different genetic defects (>75 known disease genes) with variable disease onset ranging from infancy to adulthood. Other mitochondrial diseases are characterized by focal brain lesions, which is a core feature of MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes). Apart from gray matter, also white matter can be affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. White matter lesions vary depending on the underlying genetic defect and may progress into cystic cavities. In view of the recognizable patterns of brain damage in mitochondrial diseases, neuroimaging techniques play a key role in diagnostic work-up. In the clinical setting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS) are the mainstay of diagnostic work-up. Apart from visualization of brain anatomy, MRS allows the detection of metabolites such as lactate, which is of specific interest in the context of mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it is important to note that findings like symmetric basal ganglia lesions on MRI or a lactate peak on MRS are not specific, and that there is a broad range of disorders that can mimic mitochondrial diseases on neuroimaging. In this chapter, we will review the spectrum of neuroimaging findings in mitochondrial diseases and discuss important differential diagnoses. Moreover, we will give an outlook on novel biomedical imaging tools that may provide interesting insights into mitochondrial disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Munich, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; German Network for mitochondrial disorders (mitoNET), Munich, Germany
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17
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Zyśk M, Beretta C, Naia L, Dakhel A, Påvénius L, Brismar H, Lindskog M, Ankarcrona M, Erlandsson A. Amyloid-β accumulation in human astrocytes induces mitochondrial disruption and changed energy metabolism. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:43. [PMID: 36803838 PMCID: PMC9940442 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Astrocytes play a central role in maintaining brain energy metabolism, but are also tightly connected to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our previous studies demonstrate that inflammatory astrocytes accumulate large amounts of aggregated amyloid-beta (Aβ). However, in which way these Aβ deposits influence their energy production remain unclear. METHODS The aim of the present study was to investigate how Aβ pathology in astrocytes affects their mitochondria functionality and overall energy metabolism. For this purpose, human induced pluripotent cell (hiPSC)-derived astrocytes were exposed to sonicated Aβ42 fibrils for 7 days and analyzed over time using different experimental approaches. RESULTS Our results show that to maintain stable energy production, the astrocytes initially increased their mitochondrial fusion, but eventually the Aβ-mediated stress led to abnormal mitochondrial swelling and excessive fission. Moreover, we detected increased levels of phosphorylated DRP-1 in the Aβ-exposed astrocytes, which co-localized with lipid droplets. Analysis of ATP levels, when blocking certain stages of the energy pathways, indicated a metabolic shift to peroxisomal-based fatty acid β-oxidation and glycolysis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data conclude that Aβ pathology profoundly affects human astrocytes and changes their entire energy metabolism, which could result in disturbed brain homeostasis and aggravated disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlena Zyśk
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chiara Beretta
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luana Naia
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abdulkhalek Dakhel
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Linnea Påvénius
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hjalmar Brismar
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.5037.10000000121581746Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Applied Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Lindskog
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Cell Biology, BMC, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Ankarcrona
- grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Erlandsson
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Molecular Geriatrics, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden.
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18
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Yap TA, Daver N, Mahendra M, Zhang J, Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Meric-Bernstam F, Kantarjian HM, Ravandi F, Collins ME, Francesco MED, Dumbrava EE, Fu S, Gao S, Gay JP, Gera S, Han J, Hong DS, Jabbour EJ, Ju Z, Karp DD, Lodi A, Molina JR, Baran N, Naing A, Ohanian M, Pant S, Pemmaraju N, Bose P, Piha-Paul SA, Rodon J, Salguero C, Sasaki K, Singh AK, Subbiah V, Tsimberidou AM, Xu QA, Yilmaz M, Zhang Q, Li Y, Bristow CA, Bhattacharjee MB, Tiziani S, Heffernan TP, Vellano CP, Jones P, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, Marszalek JR, Konopleva M. Complex I inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation in advanced solid tumors and acute myeloid leukemia: phase I trials. Nat Med 2023; 29:115-126. [PMID: 36658425 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Although targeting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is a rational anticancer strategy, clinical benefit with OXPHOS inhibitors has yet to be achieved. Here we advanced IACS-010759, a highly potent and selective small-molecule complex I inhibitor, into two dose-escalation phase I trials in patients with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (NCT02882321, n = 17) and advanced solid tumors (NCT03291938, n = 23). The primary endpoints were safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose and recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) of IACS-010759. The PK, PD, and preliminary antitumor activities of IACS-010759 in patients were also evaluated as secondary endpoints in both clinical trials. IACS-010759 had a narrow therapeutic index with emergent dose-limiting toxicities, including elevated blood lactate and neurotoxicity, which obstructed efforts to maintain target exposure. Consequently no RP2D was established, only modest target inhibition and limited antitumor activity were observed at tolerated doses, and both trials were discontinued. Reverse translational studies in mice demonstrated that IACS-010759 induced behavioral and physiological changes indicative of peripheral neuropathy, which were minimized with the coadministration of a histone deacetylase 6 inhibitor. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the association between OXPHOS inhibition and neurotoxicity, and caution is warranted in the continued development of complex I inhibitors as antitumor agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Yap
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mikhila Mahendra
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carlos Kamiya-Matsuoka
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Funda Meric-Bernstam
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meghan E Collins
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maria Emilia Di Francesco
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ecaterina E Dumbrava
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Siqing Fu
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sisi Gao
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jason P Gay
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sonal Gera
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Han
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias J Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenlin Ju
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel D Karp
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alessia Lodi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer R Molina
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Natalia Baran
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maro Ohanian
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shubham Pant
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarina A Piha-Paul
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jordi Rodon
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Carolina Salguero
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anand K Singh
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Apostolia M Tsimberidou
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics (Phase I Program), The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Quanyun A Xu
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Musa Yilmaz
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher A Bristow
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meenakshi B Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefano Tiziani
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Timothy P Heffernan
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher P Vellano
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip Jones
- Institute for Applied Cancer Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Department of Symptom Research, Division of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph R Marszalek
- Translational Research to AdvanCe Therapeutics and Innovation in ONcology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Kinetic Mathematical Modeling of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Cardiomyocyte Mitochondria. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244020. [PMID: 36552784 PMCID: PMC9777548 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is an oxygen-dependent process that consumes catabolized nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to drive energy-dependent biological processes such as excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes. In addition to in vivo and in vitro experiments, in silico models are valuable for investigating the underlying mechanisms of OXPHOS and predicting its consequences in both physiological and pathological conditions. Here, we compare several prominent kinetic models of OXPHOS in cardiomyocytes. We examine how their mathematical expressions were derived, how their parameters were obtained, the conditions of their experimental counterparts, and the predictions they generated. We aim to explore the general landscape of energy production mechanisms in cardiomyocytes for future in silico models.
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20
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Luo HM, Xu J, Huang DX, Chen YQ, Liu YZ, Li YJ, Chen H. Mitochondrial dysfunction of induced pluripotent stem cells-based neurodegenerative disease modeling and therapeutic strategy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1030390. [DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are disorders in which neurons are lost owing to various factors, resulting in a series of dysfunctions. Their rising prevalence and irreversibility have brought physical pain to patients and economic pressure to both individuals and society. However, the pathogenesis of NDDs has not yet been fully elucidated, hampering the use of precise medication. Induced pluripotent stem cell (IPSC) modeling provides a new method for drug discovery, and exploring the early pathological mechanisms including mitochondrial dysfunction, which is not only an early but a prominent pathological feature of NDDs. In this review, we summarize the iPSC modeling approach of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as outline typical mitochondrial dysfunction and recapitulate corresponding therapeutic strategies.
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21
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Yamashita K, Haraguchi M, Yano M. Knockdown of TMEM160 leads to an increase in reactive oxygen species generation and the induction of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:2179-2190. [PMID: 36217717 PMCID: PMC9714381 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Transmembrane protein 160 (TMEM160) was recently reported to be localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane, but mitochondrial function was noted to be unaffected by loss of TMEM160. In contrast to these previously published findings, we report here that the absence of TMEM160 influences intracellular responses. After confirming that TMEM160 is localized in the inner mitochondrial membrane, we knocked down TMEM160 in human cultured cells and analyzed the changes in cellular responses. TMEM160 depletion led to an upregulation of the mitochondrial chaperone HSPD1, suggesting that depletion induced the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt ). Indeed, the expression of key transcription factors that induce the UPRmt (ATF4, ATF5, and DDIT3) was increased following TMEM160 depletion. Expression of the mitochondrial protein import-receptors TOMM22 and TOMM20 was also enhanced. In addition, we observed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation following TMEM160 depletion. Glutathione S-transferases, which detoxify the products of oxidative stress, were also upregulated in TMEM160-depleted cells. Immunoblot analysis was performed to detect proteins modified by 4-hydroxynonenal (which is released after the peroxidation of lipids by ROS): the expression patterns of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified proteins were altered after TMEM160 depletion, suggesting that depletion enhanced degradation of these proteins. HSPD1, TOMM22, ATF4, ATF5, and DDIT3 remained upregulated after ROS was scavenged by N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that once the UPRmt is induced by TMEM160 depletion, it is not suppressed by the subsequent detoxification of ROS. These findings suggest that TMEM160 may suppress ROS generation and stabilize mitochondrial protein(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosei Yamashita
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health SciencesKumamoto Health Science UniversityJapan
| | - Misa Haraguchi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health SciencesKumamoto Health Science UniversityJapan
| | - Masato Yano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health SciencesKumamoto Health Science UniversityJapan
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22
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PFKM inhibits doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11684. [PMID: 35804014 PMCID: PMC9266090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic which affects about 26 million people. PFKM (Phosphofructokinase, Muscle), catalyzing the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, plays a very important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of PFKM in glycolysis and HF remains to be elucidated. H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cells were treated with doxorubicin (DOX) to establish injury models, and the cell viability, apoptosis and glycolysis were measured. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting were used for gene expression. DOX treatment significantly inhibited PFKM expression in H9c2 cells. Overexpression of PFKM inhibited DOX-induced cell apoptosis and DOX-decreased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), while silencing PFKM promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited glycolysis and OXPHOS in H9c2 cells. Moreover, PFKM regulated DOX-mediated cell viability and apoptosis through glycolysis pathway. Mechanism study showed that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibited H3K27ac-induced transcription of PFKM in DOX-treated cells and regulated glycolysis. PFKM could inhibit DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing OXPHOS and glycolysis, which might benefit us in developing novel therapeutics for prevention or treatment of HF.
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23
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Navaratnarajah T, Bellmann M, Seibt A, Anand R, Degistirici Ö, Meisel R, Mayatepek E, Reichert A, Baertling F, Distelmaier F. Mesenchymal stem cells improve redox homeostasis and mitochondrial respiration in fibroblast cell lines with pathogenic MT-ND3 and MT-ND6 variants. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:256. [PMID: 35715829 PMCID: PMC9205113 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02932-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent biochemical defect of inherited mitochondrial disease is isolated complex I deficiency. There is no cure for this disorder, and treatment is mainly supportive. In this study, we investigated the effects of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on skin fibroblast derived from three individuals with complex I deficiency carrying different pathogenic variants in mitochondrial DNA-encoded subunits (MT-ND3, MT-ND6). Complex I-deficient fibroblasts were transiently co-cultured with bone marrow-derived MSCs. Mitochondrial transfer was analysed by fluorescence labelling and validated by Sanger sequencing. Levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using MitoSOX Red. Moreover, mitochondrial respiration was analysed by Seahorse XFe96 Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Levels of antioxidant proteins were investigated via immunoblotting. Co-culturing of complex I-deficient fibroblast with MSCs lowered cellular ROS levels. The effect on ROS production was more sustained compared to treatment of patient fibroblasts with culture medium derived from MSC cultures. Investigation of cellular antioxidant defence systems revealed an upregulation of SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial) and HO-1 (heme oxygenase 1) in patient-derived cell lines. This adaptive response was normalised upon MSC treatment. Moreover, Seahorse experiments revealed a significant improvement of mitochondrial respiration, indicating a mitigation of the oxidative phosphorylation defect. Experiments with repetitive MSC co-culture at two consecutive time points enhanced this effect. Our study indicates that MSC-based treatment approaches might constitute an interesting option for patients with mitochondrial DNA-encoded mitochondrial diseases. We suggest that this strategy may prove more promising for defects caused by mitochondrial DNA variants compared to nuclear-encoded defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marlen Bellmann
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annette Seibt
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Özer Degistirici
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Roland Meisel
- Division of Pediatric Stem Cell Therapy, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ertan Mayatepek
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Fabian Baertling
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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24
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Bhatti GK, Gupta A, Pahwa P, Khullar N, Singh S, Navik U, Kumar S, Mastana SS, Reddy AP, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Targeting Mitochondrial bioenergetics as a promising therapeutic strategy in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. Biomed J 2022; 45:733-748. [PMID: 35568318 PMCID: PMC9661512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are the organelles that generate energy for the cells and act as biosynthetic and bioenergetic factories, vital for normal cell functioning and human health. Mitochondrial bioenergetics is considered an important measure to assess the pathogenesis of various diseases. Dysfunctional mitochondria affect or cause several conditions involving the most energy-intensive organs, including the brain, muscles, heart, and liver. This dysfunction may be attributed to an alteration in mitochondrial enzymes, increased oxidative stress, impairment of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, or mutations in mitochondrial DNA that leads to the pathophysiology of various pathological conditions, including neurological and metabolic disorders. The drugs or compounds targeting mitochondria are considered more effective and safer for treating these diseases. In this review, we make an effort to concise the available literature on mitochondrial bioenergetics in various conditions and the therapeutic potential of various drugs/compounds targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics in metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali Punjab, India.
| | - Anshika Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Paras Pahwa
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
| | - Satwinder Singh
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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25
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Piazzesi A, Wang Y, Jackson J, Wischhof L, Zeisler-Diehl V, Scifo E, Oganezova I, Hoffmann T, Gómez Martín P, Bertan F, Wrobel CJJ, Schroeder FC, Ehninger D, Händler K, Schultze JL, Schreiber L, van Echten-Deckert G, Nicotera P, Bano D. CEST-2.2 overexpression alters lipid metabolism and extends longevity of mitochondrial mutants. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e52606. [PMID: 35297148 PMCID: PMC9066074 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202152606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction can either extend or decrease Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan, depending on whether transcriptionally regulated responses can elicit durable stress adaptation to otherwise detrimental lesions. Here, we test the hypothesis that enhanced metabolic flexibility is sufficient to circumvent bioenergetic abnormalities associated with the phenotypic threshold effect, thereby transforming short‐lived mitochondrial mutants into long‐lived ones. We find that CEST‐2.2, a carboxylesterase mainly localizes in the intestine, may stimulate the survival of mitochondrial deficient animals. We report that genetic manipulation of cest‐2.2 expression has a minor lifespan impact on wild‐type nematodes, whereas its overexpression markedly extends the lifespan of complex I‐deficient gas‐1(fc21) mutants. We profile the transcriptome and lipidome of cest‐2.2 overexpressing animals and show that CEST‐2.2 stimulates lipid metabolism and fatty acid beta‐oxidation, thereby enhancing mitochondrial respiratory capacity through complex II and LET‐721/ETFDH, despite the inherited genetic lesion of complex I. Together, our findings unveil a metabolic pathway that, through the tissue‐specific mobilization of lipid deposits, may influence the longevity of mitochondrial mutant C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Piazzesi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Yiru Wang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Joshua Jackson
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Lena Wischhof
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Enzo Scifo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ina Oganezova
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Thorben Hoffmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Fabio Bertan
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Chester J J Wrobel
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Frank C Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute and Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Dan Ehninger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristian Händler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department for Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lukas Schreiber
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Botany (IZMB), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
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26
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Lu N, Jiang X, Zhang C, Li B, Tu W, Lei H, Yao W, Xia D. Melatonin mediates via melatonin receptor 1 in a temperature-dependent manner regulating ATP metabolism and antioxidative enzyme activity of boar spermatozoa in vitro. Theriogenology 2022; 188:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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27
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Farre JC, Carolino K, Devanneaux L, Subramani S. OXPHOS deficiencies affect peroxisome proliferation by downregulating genes controlled by the SNF1 signaling pathway. eLife 2022; 11:e75143. [PMID: 35467529 PMCID: PMC9094750 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
How environmental cues influence peroxisome proliferation, particularly through organelles, remains largely unknown. Yeast peroxisomes metabolize fatty acids (FA), and methylotrophic yeasts also metabolize methanol. NADH and acetyl-CoA, produced by these pathways enter mitochondria for ATP production and for anabolic reactions. During the metabolism of FA and/or methanol, the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathway accepts NADH for ATP production and maintains cellular redox balance. Remarkably, peroxisome proliferation in Pichia pastoris was abolished in NADH-shuttling- and OXPHOS mutants affecting complex I or III, or by the mitochondrial uncoupler, 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), indicating ATP depletion causes the phenotype. We show that mitochondrial OXPHOS deficiency inhibits expression of several peroxisomal proteins implicated in FA and methanol metabolism, as well as in peroxisome division and proliferation. These genes are regulated by the Snf1 complex (SNF1), a pathway generally activated by a high AMP/ATP ratio. In OXPHOS mutants, Snf1 is activated by phosphorylation, but Gal83, its interacting subunit, fails to translocate to the nucleus. Phenotypic defects in peroxisome proliferation observed in the OXPHOS mutants, and phenocopied by the Δgal83 mutant, were rescued by deletion of three transcriptional repressor genes (MIG1, MIG2, and NRG1) controlled by SNF1 signaling. Our results are interpreted in terms of a mechanism by which peroxisomal and mitochondrial proteins and/or metabolites influence redox and energy metabolism, while also influencing peroxisome biogenesis and proliferation, thereby exemplifying interorganellar communication and interplay involving peroxisomes, mitochondria, cytosol, and the nucleus. We discuss the physiological relevance of this work in the context of human OXPHOS deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Farre
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Krypton Carolino
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Lou Devanneaux
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Suresh Subramani
- Section of Molecular Biology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
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van de Wal MAE, Adjobo-Hermans MJW, Keijer J, Schirris TJJ, Homberg JR, Wieckowski MR, Grefte S, van Schothorst EM, van Karnebeek C, Quintana A, Koopman WJH. Ndufs4 knockout mouse models of Leigh syndrome: pathophysiology and intervention. Brain 2022. [PMID: 34849584 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab426%jbrain] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small cellular constituents that generate cellular energy (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Dysfunction of these organelles is linked to a heterogeneous group of multisystemic disorders, including diabetes, cancer, ageing-related pathologies and rare mitochondrial diseases. With respect to the latter, mutations in subunit-encoding genes and assembly factors of the first OXPHOS complex (complex I) induce isolated complex I deficiency and Leigh syndrome. This syndrome is an early-onset, often fatal, encephalopathy with a variable clinical presentation and poor prognosis due to the lack of effective intervention strategies. Mutations in the nuclear DNA-encoded NDUFS4 gene, encoding the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) of complex I, induce 'mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 1' (MC1DN1) and Leigh syndrome in paediatric patients. A variety of (tissue-specific) Ndufs4 knockout mouse models were developed to study the Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and intervention testing. Here, we review and discuss the role of complex I and NDUFS4 mutations in human mitochondrial disease, and review how the analysis of Ndufs4 knockout mouse models has generated new insights into the MC1ND1/Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A E van de Wal
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom J J Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Personalized Medicine Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Emma Personalized Medicine Center, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Quintana
- Mitochondrial Neuropathology Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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29
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Guitart-Mampel M, Urquiza P, Carnevale Neto F, Anderson JR, Hambardikar V, Scoma ER, Merrihew GE, Wang L, MacCoss MJ, Raftery D, Peffers MJ, Solesio ME. Mitochondrial Inorganic Polyphosphate (polyP) Is a Potent Regulator of Mammalian Bioenergetics in SH-SY5Y Cells: A Proteomics and Metabolomics Study. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:833127. [PMID: 35252194 PMCID: PMC8892102 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.833127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) is an ancient, ubiquitous, and well-conserved polymer which is present in all the studied organisms. It is formed by individual subunits of orthophosphate which are linked by structurally similar bonds and isoenergetic to those found in ATP. While the metabolism and the physiological roles of polyP have already been described in some organisms, including bacteria and yeast, the exact role of this polymer in mammalian physiology still remains poorly understood. In these organisms, polyP shows a co-localization with mitochondria, and its role as a key regulator of the stress responses, including the maintenance of appropriate bioenergetics, has already been demonstrated by our group and others. Here, using Wild-type (Wt) and MitoPPX (cells enzymatically depleted of mitochondrial polyP) SH-SY5Y cells, we have conducted a comprehensive study of the status of cellular physiology, using proteomics and metabolomics approaches. Our results suggest a clear dysregulation of mitochondrial physiology, especially of bioenergetics, in MitoPPX cells when compared with Wt cells. Moreover, the effects induced by the enzymatic depletion of polyP are similar to those present in the mitochondrial dysfunction that is observed in neurodegenerative disorders and in neuronal aging. Based on our findings, the metabolism of mitochondrial polyP could be a valid and innovative pharmacological target in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pedro Urquiza
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - James R. Anderson
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Vedangi Hambardikar
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Ernest R. Scoma
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
| | - Gennifer E. Merrihew
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Michael J. MacCoss
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel Raftery
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mandy J. Peffers
- Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Maria E. Solesio
- Department of Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, Camden, NJ, United States
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30
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Nadalutti CA, Ayala-Peña S, Santos JH. Mitochondrial DNA damage as driver of cellular outcomes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C136-C150. [PMID: 34936503 PMCID: PMC8799395 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00389.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are primarily involved in energy production through the process of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Increasing evidence has shown that mitochondrial function impacts a plethora of different cellular activities, including metabolism, epigenetics, and innate immunity. Like the nucleus, mitochondria own their genetic material, but this organellar genome is circular, present in multiple copies, and maternally inherited. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes 37 genes that are solely involved in OXPHOS. Maintenance of mtDNA, through replication and repair, requires the import of nuclear DNA-encoded proteins. Thus, mitochondria completely rely on the nucleus to prevent mitochondrial genetic alterations. As most cells contain hundreds to thousands of mitochondria, it follows that the shear number of organelles allows for the buffering of dysfunction-at least to some extent-before tissue homeostasis becomes impaired. Only red blood cells lack mitochondria entirely. Impaired mitochondrial function is a hallmark of aging and is involved in a number of different disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, cancer, and autoimmunity. Although alterations in mitochondrial processes unrelated to OXPHOS, such as fusion and fission, contribute to aging and disease, maintenance of mtDNA integrity is critical for proper organellar function. Here, we focus on how mtDNA damage contributes to cellular dysfunction and health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina A. Nadalutti
- 1Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology
Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Sylvette Ayala-Peña
- 2Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | - Janine H. Santos
- 1Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of the National Toxicology
Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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31
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Wang C, Huang W, Lu J, Chen H, Yu Z. TRPV1-Mediated Microglial Autophagy Attenuates Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Pathology and Cognitive Decline. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:763866. [PMID: 35115924 PMCID: PMC8804218 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.763866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a major regulator of the ageing process of the central nervous system and neurodegeneration. Autophagy dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). TRPV1 was reported to regulate autophagy to protect against foam cell formation and reduce the release of inflammatory factors in atherosclerosis. In this study, pharmacological activation of TRPV1 with the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin induced autophagy in a TRPV1-dependent manner in both primary microglia and BV2 cells. TRPV1-mediated autophagy regulated glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation by controlling the expression of genes required for aerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial respiration in primary microglia. TRPV1 agonist capsaicin decreased amyloid and phosphorylated tau pathology and reversed memory deficits by promoting microglia activation, metabolism, and autophagy in 3xTg mice. These results indicate that TRPV1 was a potential therapeutic target for AD, which suggests that capsaicin should be further assessed as a possible treatment for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenfei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Cardiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongzhuan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Yu, ; Hongzhuan Chen,
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Zhihua Yu, ; Hongzhuan Chen,
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32
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Lee SE, Kwon D, Shin N, Kong D, Kim NG, Kim HY, Kim MJ, Choi SW, Kang KS. Accumulation of APP-CTF induces mitophagy dysfunction in the iNSCs model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:1. [PMID: 35013145 PMCID: PMC8748980 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00796-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with familial Alzheimer’s disease (fAD), and the accumulation of damaged mitochondria has been reported as an initial symptom that further contributes to disease progression. In the amyloidogenic pathway, the amyloid precursor protein (APP) is cleaved by β-secretase to generate a C-terminal fragment, which is then cleaved by γ-secretase to produce amyloid-beta (Aβ). The accumulation of Aβ and its detrimental effect on mitochondrial function are well known, yet the amyloid precursor protein-derived C-terminal fragments (APP-CTFs) contributing to this pathology have rarely been reported. We demonstrated the effects of APP-CTFs-related pathology using induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) from AD patient-derived fibroblasts. APP-CTFs accumulation was demonstrated to mainly occur within mitochondrial domains and to be both a cause and a consequence of mitochondrial dysfunction. APP-CTFs accumulation also resulted in mitophagy failure, as validated by increased LC3-II and p62 and inconsistent PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/E3 ubiquitin ligase (Parkin) recruitment to mitochondria and failed fusion of mitochondria and lysosomes. The accumulation of APP-CTFs and the causality of impaired mitophagy function were also verified in AD patient-iNSCs. Furthermore, we confirmed this pathological loop in presenilin knockout iNSCs (PSEN KO-iNSCs) because APP-CTFs accumulation is due to γ-secretase blockage and similarly occurs in presenilin-deficient cells. In the present work, we report that the contribution of APP-CTFs accumulation is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy failure in AD patient-iNSCs as well as PSEN KO-iNSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Eun Lee
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daekee Kwon
- Research Institute in Maru Therapeutics, Seoul, 05854, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dasom Kong
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyo Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Yeong Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Won Choi
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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van de Wal M, Adjobo-Hermans M, Keijer J, Schirris T, Homberg J, Wieckowski MR, Grefte S, van Schothorst EM, van Karnebeek C, Quintana A, Koopman WJH. Ndufs4 knockout mouse models of Leigh syndrome: pathophysiology and intervention. Brain 2021; 145:45-63. [PMID: 34849584 PMCID: PMC8967107 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are small cellular constituents that generate cellular energy (ATP) by oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Dysfunction of these organelles is linked to a heterogeneous group of multisystemic disorders, including diabetes, cancer, ageing-related pathologies and rare mitochondrial diseases. With respect to the latter, mutations in subunit-encoding genes and assembly factors of the first OXPHOS complex (complex I) induce isolated complex I deficiency and Leigh syndrome. This syndrome is an early-onset, often fatal, encephalopathy with a variable clinical presentation and poor prognosis due to the lack of effective intervention strategies. Mutations in the nuclear DNA-encoded NDUFS4 gene, encoding the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S4 (NDUFS4) of complex I, induce ‘mitochondrial complex I deficiency, nuclear type 1’ (MC1DN1) and Leigh syndrome in paediatric patients. A variety of (tissue-specific) Ndufs4 knockout mouse models were developed to study the Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and intervention testing. Here, we review and discuss the role of complex I and NDUFS4 mutations in human mitochondrial disease, and review how the analysis of Ndufs4 knockout mouse models has generated new insights into the MC1ND1/Leigh syndrome pathomechanism and its therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa van de Wal
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Merel Adjobo-Hermans
- Department of Biochemistry (286), RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Schirris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariusz R Wieckowski
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Biology and Metabolism, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sander Grefte
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Clara van Karnebeek
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Quintana
- Mitochondrial Neuropathology Laboratory, Institut de Neurociències and Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Werner J H Koopman
- Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, RIMLS, RCMM, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a Tool for Studying Mutations in Nuclear Genes Involved in Diseases Caused by Mitochondrial DNA Instability. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121866. [PMID: 34946817 PMCID: PMC8701800 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) maintenance is critical for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) since some subunits of the respiratory chain complexes are mitochondrially encoded. Pathological mutations in nuclear genes involved in the mtDNA metabolism may result in a quantitative decrease in mtDNA levels, referred to as mtDNA depletion, or in qualitative defects in mtDNA, especially in multiple deletions. Since, in the last decade, most of the novel mutations have been identified through whole-exome sequencing, it is crucial to confirm the pathogenicity by functional analysis in the appropriate model systems. Among these, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has proved to be a good model for studying mutations associated with mtDNA instability. This review focuses on the use of yeast for evaluating the pathogenicity of mutations in six genes, MPV17/SYM1, MRM2/MRM2, OPA1/MGM1, POLG/MIP1, RRM2B/RNR2, and SLC25A4/AAC2, all associated with mtDNA depletion or multiple deletions. We highlight the techniques used to construct a specific model and to measure the mtDNA instability as well as the main results obtained. We then report the contribution that yeast has given in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of the mutant variants, in finding the genetic suppressors of the mitochondrial defects and in the discovery of molecules able to improve the mtDNA stability.
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35
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Walia V, Kaushik D, Mittal V, Kumar K, Verma R, Parashar J, Akter R, Rahman MH, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Karthika C, Bhattacharya T, Chopra H, Ashraf GM. Delineation of Neuroprotective Effects and Possible Benefits of AntioxidantsTherapy for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Diseases by Targeting Mitochondrial-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species: Bench to Bedside. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:657-680. [PMID: 34751889 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02617-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered the sixth leading cause of death in elderly patients and is characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration and impairment in memory, language, etc. AD is characterized by the deposition of senile plaque, accumulation of fibrils, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) which are responsible for neuronal degeneration. Amyloid-β (Aβ) plays a key role in the process of neuronal degeneration in the case of AD. It has been reported that Aβ is responsible for the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), depletion of endogenous antioxidants, increase in intracellular Ca2+ which further increases mitochondria dysfunctions, oxidative stress, release of pro-apoptotic factors, neuronal apoptosis, etc. Thus, oxidative stress plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD. Antioxidants are compounds that have the ability to counteract the oxidative damage conferred by ROS. Therefore, the antioxidant therapy may provide benefits and halt the progress of AD to advance stages by counteracting neuronal degeneration. However, despite the beneficial effects imposed by the antioxidants, the findings from the clinical studies suggested inconsistent results which might be due to poor study design, selection of the wrong antioxidant, inability of the molecule to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), treatment in the advanced state of disease, etc. The present review insights into the neuroprotective effects and limitations of the antioxidant therapy for the treatment of AD by targeting mitochondrial-derived ROS. This particular article will certainly help the researchers to search new avenues for the treatment of AD by utilizing mitochondrial-derived ROS-targeted antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Walia
- SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Vineet Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Kuldeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Research, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Ravinder Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical and Allied Sciences, G.D. Goenka University, Gurugram, 122103, India
| | - Jatin Parashar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rokeya Akter
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Sadarghat, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Habibur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh.
| | - Saurabh Bhatia
- School of Health Science University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehrandun, Uttarkhand, 248007, India
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mouz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural & Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, 616 Birkat Al Mouz, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Chenmala Karthika
- Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, The Nilgiris, Ooty, 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tanima Bhattacharya
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Hao L, Zhong W, Dong H, Guo W, Sun X, Zhang W, Yue R, Li T, Griffiths A, Ahmadi AR, Sun Z, Song Z, Zhou Z. ATF4 activation promotes hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction by repressing NRF1-TFAM signalling in alcoholic steatohepatitis. Gut 2021; 70:1933-1945. [PMID: 33177163 PMCID: PMC8110597 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a dominant role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease (ALD); however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. We previously found that hepatic activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) activation was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in ALD. This study aimed to investigate the function and mechanism of ATF4 in alcohol-induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction. DESIGN ATF4 activation was detected in the livers of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH). The role of ATF4 and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in alcohol-induced liver damage was determined in hepatocyte-specific ATF4 knockout mice and liver-specific TFAM overexpression mice, respectively. RESULTS Hepatic PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 ER stress signalling was upregulated in patients with AH. Hepatocyte-specific ablation of ATF4 in mice ameliorated alcohol-induced steatohepatitis. ATF4 ablation also attenuated alcohol-impaired mitochondrial biogenesis and respiratory function along with the restoration of TFAM. Cell studies confirmed that TFAM expression was negatively regulated by ATF4. TFAM silencing in hepatoma cells abrogated the protective effects of ATF4 knockdown on ethanol-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Moreover, hepatocyte-specific TFAM overexpression in mice attenuated alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and liver damage. Mechanistic studies revealed that ATF4 repressed the transcription activity of nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), a key regulator of TFAM, through binding to its promoter region. Clinical relevance among ATF4 activation, NRF1-TFAM pathway disruption and mitochondrial dysfunction was validated in the livers of patients with AH. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that hepatic ATF4 plays a pathological role in alcohol-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and liver injury by disrupting the NRF1-TFAM pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyi Hao
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Zhong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNCG, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haibo Dong
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Guo
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Xinguo Sun
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wenliang Zhang
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruichao Yue
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tianjiao Li
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Ali Reza Ahmadi
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhaoli Sun
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Song
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, UIC, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhanxiang Zhou
- Center for Translational Biomedical Research, UNCG, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Nutrition, UNCG, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
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37
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Bakare AB, Lesnefsky EJ, Iyer S. Leigh Syndrome: A Tale of Two Genomes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:693734. [PMID: 34456746 PMCID: PMC8385445 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.693734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Leigh syndrome is a rare, complex, and incurable early onset (typically infant or early childhood) mitochondrial disorder with both phenotypic and genetic heterogeneity. The heterogeneous nature of this disorder, based in part on the complexity of mitochondrial genetics, and the significant interactions between the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes has made it particularly challenging to research and develop therapies. This review article discusses some of the advances that have been made in the field to date. While the prognosis is poor with no current substantial treatment options, multiple studies are underway to understand the etiology, pathogenesis, and pathophysiology of Leigh syndrome. With advances in available research tools leading to a better understanding of the mitochondria in health and disease, there is hope for novel treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola B. Bakare
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Edward J. Lesnefsky
- Division of Cardiology, Pauley Heart Center, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shilpa Iyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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38
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Renaudin X, Lee M, Shehata M, Surmann EM, Venkitaraman AR. BRCA2 deficiency reveals that oxidative stress impairs RNaseH1 function to cripple mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109478. [PMID: 34348152 PMCID: PMC8356021 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a ubiquitous cellular challenge implicated in aging, neurodegeneration, and cancer. By studying pathogenic mutations in the tumor suppressor BRCA2, we identify a general mechanism by which oxidative stress restricts mitochondrial (mt)DNA replication. BRCA2 inactivation induces R-loop accumulation in the mtDNA regulatory region and diminishes mtDNA replication initiation. In BRCA2-deficient cells, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated, and ROS scavengers suppress the mtDNA defects. Conversely, wild-type cells exposed to oxidative stress by pharmacologic or genetic manipulation phenocopy these defects. Mechanistically, we find that 8-oxoguanine accumulation in mtDNA caused by oxidative stress suffices to impair recruitment of the mitochondrial enzyme RNaseH1 to sites of R-loop accrual, restricting mtDNA replication initiation. Thus, oxidative stress impairs RNaseH1 function to cripple mtDNA maintenance. Our findings highlight a molecular mechanism that links oxidative stress to mitochondrial dysfunction and is elicited by the inactivation of genes implicated in neurodegeneration and cancer. BRCA2-deficient cells accumulate mtDNA R-loops due to oxidative stress This stress creates 8-oxoguanine lesions impairing RNaseH1 recruitment to mtDNA RNaseH1 impairment triggers R-loop formation and restricts mtDNA replication Other sources of oxidative stress also cripple mtDNA maintenance via this mechanism
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Renaudin
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Mona Shehata
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Eva-Maria Surmann
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Ashok R Venkitaraman
- Medical Research Council Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK.
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39
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The ketogenic diet as a therapeutic intervention strategy in mitochondrial disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 138:106050. [PMID: 34298163 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Classical mitochondrial disease (MD) represents a group of complex metabolic syndromes primarily linked to dysfunction of the mitochondrial ATP-generating oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. To date, effective therapies for these diseases are lacking. Here we discuss the ketogenic diet (KD), being a high-fat, moderate protein, and low carbohydrate diet, as a potential intervention strategy. We concisely review the impact of the KD on bioenergetics, ROS/redox metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. Next, the consequences of the KD in (models of) MD, as well as KD adverse effects, are described. It is concluded that the current experimental evidence suggests that the KD can positively impact on mitochondrial bioenergetics, mitochondrial ROS/redox metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics. However, more information is required on the bioenergetic consequences and mechanistic mode-of-action aspects of the KD at the cellular level and in MD patients.
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40
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Yang M, Dong D, Li X. The complete mitogenome of Phymorhynchus sp. (Neogastropoda, Conoidea, Raphitomidae) provides insights into the deep-sea adaptive evolution of Conoidea. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:7518-7531. [PMID: 34188831 PMCID: PMC8216942 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The deep-sea environment is characterized by darkness, hypoxia, and high hydrostatic pressure. Mitochondria play a vital role in energy metabolism; thus, they may endure the selection process during the adaptive evolution of deep-sea organisms. In the present study, the mitogenome of Phymorhynchus sp. from the Haima methane seep was completely assembled and characterized. This mitogenome is 16,681 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNAs, and 22 tRNAs. The gene order and orientation were identical to those of most sequenced conoidean gastropods. Some special elements, such as tandem repeat sequences and AT-rich sequences, which are involved in the regulation of the replication and transcription of the mitogenome, were observed in the control region. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Conoidea is divided into two separate clades with high nodal support. Positive selection analysis revealed evidence of adaptive changes in the mitogenomes of deep-sea conoidean gastropods. Eight residues located in atp6, cox1, cytb, nad1, nad4, and nad5 were determined to have undergone positive selection. This study explores the adaptive evolution of deep-sea conoidean gastropods and provides valuable clues at the mitochondrial level regarding the exceptional adaptive ability of organisms in deep-sea environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Dong Dong
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Center for Ocean Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
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41
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Ademowo OS, Dias IHK, Diaz-Sanchez L, Sanchez-Aranguren L, Stahl W, Griffiths HR. Partial Mitigation of Oxidized Phospholipid-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Neuronal Cells by Oxocarotenoids. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:113-126. [PMID: 31985464 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are important (patho)physiological sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that mediate mitochondrial dysfunction and phospholipid oxidation; an increase in mitochondrial content of oxidized phospholipid (OxPL) associates with cell death. Previously we showed that the circulating OxPL 1-palmitoyl-2-(5'-oxo-valeroyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POVPC) increases in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and associates with lower plasma antioxidant oxocarotenoids, zeaxanthin, and lutein. Since oxocarotenoids are metabolized in mitochondria, we propose that during AD, lower concentrations of mitochondrial zeaxanthin and lutein may result in greater phospholipid oxidation and predispose to neurodegeneration. Here, we have investigated whether non-toxic POVPC concentrations impair mitochondrial metabolism in differentiated (d)SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and whether there is any protective role for oxocarotenoids against mitochondrial dysfunction. After 24 hours, glutathione (GSH) concentration was lower in neuronal cells exposed to POVPC (1-20 μM) compared with vehicle control without loss of viability compared to control. However, mitochondrial ROS production (determined by MitoSOX oxidation) was increased by 50% only after 20 μM POVPC. Following delivery of lutein (0.1-1 μM) and zeaxanthin (0.5-5 μM) over 24 hours in vitro, oxocarotenoid recovery from dSH-SY5Y cells was > 50%. Co-incubation with oxocarotenoids prevented loss of GSH after 1 μM but not 20 μM POVPC, whereas the increase in ROS production induced by 20 μM POVPC was prevented by lutein and zeaxanthin. Mitochondrial uncoupling increases and ATP production is inhibited by 20 μM but not 1 μM POVPC; carotenoids protected against uncoupling although did not restore ATP production. In summary, 20 μM POVPC induced loss of GSH and a mitochondrial bioenergetic deficit in neuronal cells that was not mitigated by oxocarotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi S Ademowo
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Irundika H K Dias
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorena Diaz-Sanchez
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Wilhelm Stahl
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 1, Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Dusseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Helen R Griffiths
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Stag Hill, Guildford, UK
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42
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Di Nottia M, Verrigni D, Torraco A, Rizza T, Bertini E, Carrozzo R. Mitochondrial Dynamics: Molecular Mechanisms, Related Primary Mitochondrial Disorders and Therapeutic Approaches. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020247. [PMID: 33578638 PMCID: PMC7916359 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria do not exist as individual entities in the cell—conversely, they constitute an interconnected community governed by the constant and opposite process of fission and fusion. The mitochondrial fission leads to the formation of smaller mitochondria, promoting the biogenesis of new organelles. On the other hand, following the fusion process, mitochondria appear as longer and interconnected tubules, which enhance the communication with other organelles. Both fission and fusion are carried out by a small number of highly conserved guanosine triphosphatase proteins and their interactors. Disruption of this equilibrium has been associated with several pathological conditions, ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration, and mutations in genes involved in mitochondrial fission and fusion have been reported to be the cause of a subset of neurogenetic disorders.
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43
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Sendra L, García-Mares A, Herrero MJ, Aliño SF. Mitochondrial DNA Replacement Techniques to Prevent Human Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020551. [PMID: 33430493 PMCID: PMC7827455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) diseases are a group of maternally inherited genetic disorders caused by a lack of energy production. Currently, mtDNA diseases have a poor prognosis and no known cure. The chance to have unaffected offspring with a genetic link is important for the affected families, and mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs) allow them to do so. MRTs consist of transferring the nuclear DNA from an oocyte with pathogenic mtDNA to an enucleated donor oocyte without pathogenic mtDNA. This paper aims to determine the efficacy, associated risks, and main ethical and legal issues related to MRTs. Methods: A bibliographic review was performed on the MEDLINE and Web of Science databases, along with searches for related clinical trials and news. Results: A total of 48 publications were included for review. Five MRT procedures were identified and their efficacy was compared. Three main risks associated with MRTs were discussed, and the ethical views and legal position of MRTs were reviewed. Conclusions: MRTs are an effective approach to minimizing the risk of transmitting mtDNA diseases, but they do not remove it entirely. Global legal regulation of MRTs is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Sendra
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.); (S.F.A.)
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Alfredo García-Mares
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - María José Herrero
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.); (S.F.A.)
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-961-246-675
| | - Salvador F. Aliño
- Unidad de Farmacogenética, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; (L.S.); (S.F.A.)
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Unidad de Farmacología Clínica, Área del Medicamento, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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44
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Bartáková V, Bryjová A, Nicolas V, Lavrenchenko LA, Bryja J. Mitogenomics of the endemic Ethiopian rats: looking for footprints of adaptive evolution in sky islands. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:182-191. [PMID: 33412336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Organisms living in high altitude must adapt to environmental conditions with hypoxia and low temperature, e.g. by changes in the structure and function of proteins associated with oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. Here we analysed the signs of adaptive evolution in 27 mitogenomes of endemic Ethiopian rats (Stenocephalemys), where individual species adapted to different elevation. Significant signals of positive selection were detected in 10 of the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes, with a majority of functional substitutions in the NADH dehydrogenase complex. Higher frequency of positively selected sites was found in phylogenetic lineages corresponding to Afroalpine specialists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Bartáková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Anna Bryjová
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Violaine Nicolas
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, CP51 Paris, France
| | - Leonid A Lavrenchenko
- A. N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Josef Bryja
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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45
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Govers LP, Toka HR, Hariri A, Walsh SB, Bockenhauer D. Mitochondrial DNA mutations in renal disease: an overview. Pediatr Nephrol 2021; 36:9-17. [PMID: 31925537 PMCID: PMC7701126 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-019-04404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Kidneys have a high energy demand to facilitate the reabsorption of the glomerular filtrate. For this reason, renal cells have a high density of mitochondria. Mitochondrial cytopathies can be the result of a mutation in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to a variety of renal manifestations. Examples of tubular manifestations are renal Fanconi Syndrome, which is often found in patients diagnosed with Kearns-Sayre and Pearson's marrow-pancreas syndrome, and distal tubulopathies, which result in electrolyte disturbances such as hypomagnesemia. Nephrotic syndrome can be a glomerular manifestation of mitochondrial dysfunction and is typically associated with focal segmental glomerular sclerosis on histology. Tubulointerstitial nephritis can also be seen in mitochondrial cytopathies and may lead to end-stage renal disease. The underlying mechanisms of these cytopathies remain incompletely understood; therefore, current therapies focus mainly on symptom relief. A better understanding of the molecular disease mechanisms is critical in order to improve treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa P Govers
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hakan R Toka
- Manatee Kidney Diseases Consultants, Bradenton, USA
| | - Ali Hariri
- Clinical Development, Sanofi Rare Disease, Boston, USA
| | - Stephen B Walsh
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
- Renal Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London, UK.
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46
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Mukha A, Dubrovska A. Metabolic Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:537930. [PMID: 33415069 PMCID: PMC7783393 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.537930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human tumors possess a high heterogeneity resulting from both clonal evolution and cell differentiation program. The process of cell differentiation is initiated from a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are enriched in tumor-regenerating and tumor-propagating activities and responsible for tumor maintenance and regrowth after treatment. Intrinsic resistance to conventional therapies, as well as a high degree of phenotypic plasticity, makes CSCs hard-to-target tumor cell population. Reprogramming of CSC metabolic pathways plays an essential role in tumor progression and metastatic spread. Many of these pathways confer cell adaptation to the microenvironmental stresses, including a shortage of nutrients and anti-cancer therapies. A better understanding of CSC metabolic dependences as well as metabolic communication between CSCs and the tumor microenvironment are of utmost importance for efficient cancer treatment. In this mini-review, we discuss the general characteristics of CSC metabolism and potential metabolic targeting of CSC populations as a potent strategy to enhance the efficacy of conventional treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mukha
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anna Dubrovska
- OncoRay-National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden and Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.,Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Radiooncology - OncoRay, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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47
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Urushima Y, Haraguchi M, Yano M. Depletion of TMEM65 leads to oxidative stress, apoptosis, induction of mitochondrial unfolded protein response, and upregulation of mitochondrial protein import receptor TOMM22. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 24:100870. [PMID: 33319071 PMCID: PMC7725676 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation in the transmembrane protein 65 gene (TMEM65) results in mitochondrial dysfunction and a severe mitochondrial encephalomyopathy phenotype. However, neither the function of TMEM65 nor the cellular responses to its depletion have been fully elucidated. Hence, we knocked down TMEM65 in human cultured cells and analyzed the resulting cellular responses. Depletion of TMEM65 led to a mild increase in ROS generation and upregulation of the mRNA levels of oxidative stress suppressors, such as NFE2L2 and SESN3, indicating that TMEM65 knockdown induced an oxidative stress response. A mild induction of apoptosis was also observed upon depletion of TMEM65. Depletion of TMEM65 upregulated protein levels of the mitochondrial chaperone HSPD1 and mitochondrial protease LONP1, indicating that mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) was induced in response to TMEM65 depletion. Additionally, we found that the mitochondrial protein import receptor TOMM22 and HSPA9 (mitochondrial Hsp70), were also upregulated in TMEM65-depleted cells. Notably, the depletion of TMEM65 did not lead to upregulation of TOMM22 in an ATF5-dependent manner, although upregulation of LONP1 reportedly occurs in an ATF5-dependent manner. Taken together, our findings suggest that depletion of TMEM65 causes mild oxidative stress and apoptosis, induces UPRmt, and upregulates protein expression of mitochondrial protein import receptor TOMM22 in an ATF5-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Urushima
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan
| | - Misa Haraguchi
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan
| | - Masato Yano
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, 861-5598, Japan
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48
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Liao J, Yang F, Yu W, Qiao N, Zhang H, Han Q, Hu L, Li Y, Guo J, Pan J, Tang Z. Copper induces energy metabolic dysfunction and AMPK-mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy in kidney of broiler chickens. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111366. [PMID: 33010598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the effects of copper (Cu) on energy metabolism and AMPK-mTOR pathway-mediated autophagy in kidney, a total of 240 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomized into four equal groups and fed on the diets with different levels of Cu (11, 110, 220, and 330 mg/kg) for 49 d. Results showed that excess Cu could induce vacuolar degeneration and increase the number of autophagosomes in kidney, and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level and mRNA levels of energy metabolism-related genes were decreased with the increasing dietary Cu level. Moreover, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence showed that the positive expressions of Beclin1 and LC3-II were mainly located in cytoplasm of renal tubular epithelial cells and increased significantly with the increasing levels of Cu. The mRNA levels of Beclin1, Atg5, LC3-I, LC3-II, Dynein and the protein levels of Beclin1, Atg5, LC3-II/LC3-I and p-AMPKα1/AMPKα1 were markedly elevated in treated groups compared with control group (11 mg/kg Cu). However, the mRNA and protein levels of p62 and p-mTOR/mTOR were significantly decreased with the increasing levels of Cu. These results suggest that impaired energy metabolism induced by Cu may lead to autophagy via AMPK-mTOR pathway in kidney of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhao Liao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China; Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, PR China
| | - Wenlan Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Na Qiao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Qingyue Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lianmei Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianying Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiaqiang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, PR China.
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49
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Xu Y, Xue D, Bankhead A, Neamati N. Why All the Fuss about Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)? J Med Chem 2020; 63:14276-14307. [PMID: 33103432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Certain subtypes of cancer cells require oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to survive. Increased OXPHOS dependency is frequently a hallmark of cancer stem cells and cells resistant to chemotherapy and targeted therapies. Suppressing the OXPHOS function might also influence the tumor microenvironment by alleviating hypoxia and improving the antitumor immune response. Thus, targeting OXPHOS is a promising strategy to treat various cancers. A growing arsenal of therapeutic agents is under development to inhibit this biological process. This Perspective provides an overview of the structure and function of OXPHOS complexes, their biological functions in cancer, relevant research tools and models, as well as the limitations of OXPHOS as drug targets. We also focus on the current development status of OXPHOS inhibitors and potential therapeutic strategies to strengthen their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ding Xue
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Armand Bankhead
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nouri Neamati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Moore T, Yanes RE, Calton MA, Vollrath D, Enns GM, Cowan TM. AMP-independent activator of AMPK for treatment of mitochondrial disorders. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240517. [PMID: 33052980 PMCID: PMC7556449 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases are a clinically heterogenous group of disorders caused by respiratory chain dysfunction and associated with progressive, multi-systemic phenotype. There is no effective treatment or cure, and no FDA-approved drug for treating mitochondrial disease. To identify and characterize potential therapeutic compounds, we developed an in vitro screening assay and identified a group of direct AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activators originally developed for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Unlike previously investigated AMPK agonists such as AICAR, these compounds allosterically activate AMPK in an AMP-independent manner, thereby increasing specificity and decreasing pleiotropic effects. The direct AMPK activator PT1 significantly improved mitochondrial function in assays of cellular respiration, energy status, and cellular redox. PT1 also protected against retinal degeneration in a mouse model of photoreceptor degeneration associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, further supporting the therapeutic potential of AMP-independent AMPK agonists in the treatment of mitochondrial disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Moore
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Rolando E. Yanes
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Melissa A. Calton
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Douglas Vollrath
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Gregory M. Enns
- Department of Pediatrics (Medical Genetics), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
| | - Tina M. Cowan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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