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Lee G, Kim S, Hwang DE, Eom YG, Jang G, Park HY, Choi JM, Ko J, Shin Y. Thermodynamic modulation of gephyrin condensation by inhibitory synapse components. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313236121. [PMID: 38466837 PMCID: PMC10963017 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313236121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Phase separation drives compartmentalization of intracellular contents into various biomolecular condensates. Individual condensate components are thought to differentially contribute to the organization and function of condensates. However, how intermolecular interactions among constituent biomolecules modulate the phase behaviors of multicomponent condensates remains unclear. Here, we used core components of the inhibitory postsynaptic density (iPSD) as a model system to quantitatively probe how the network of intra- and intermolecular interactions defines the composition and cellular distribution of biomolecular condensates. We found that oligomerization-driven phase separation of gephyrin, an iPSD-specific scaffold, is critically modulated by an intrinsically disordered linker region exhibiting minimal homotypic attractions. Other iPSD components, such as neurotransmitter receptors, differentially promote gephyrin condensation through distinct binding modes and affinities. We further demonstrated that the local accumulation of scaffold-binding proteins at the cell membrane promotes the nucleation of gephyrin condensates in neurons. These results suggest that in multicomponent systems, the extent of scaffold condensation can be fine-tuned by scaffold-binding factors, a potential regulatory mechanism for self-organized compartmentalization in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyehyun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjoon Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu42988, Republic of Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Eun Hwang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Gon Eom
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyubin Jang
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu42988, Republic of Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455
| | - Jeong-Mo Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu42988, Republic of Korea
- Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongdae Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul08826, Republic of Korea
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2
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Prvulovic M, Sokanovic S, Simeunovic V, Vukojevic A, Jovic M, Todorovic S, Mladenovic A. The complex relationship between late-onset caloric restriction and synaptic plasticity in aged Wistar rats. IUBMB Life 2024. [PMID: 38390757 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Age-related reduction in spine density, synaptic marker expression, and synaptic efficiency are frequently reported. These changes provide the cellular and molecular basis for the cognitive decline characteristic for old age. Nevertheless, there are several approaches that have the potential to ameliorate these processes and improve cognition, caloric restriction being one of the most promising and widely studied. While lifelong caloric restriction is known for its numerous beneficial effects, including improved cognitive abilities and increased expression of proteins essential for synaptic structure and function, the effects of late-onset and/or short-term CR on synaptic plasticity have yet to be investigated. We have previously documented that the effects of CR are strongly dependent on whether CR is initiated in young or old subjects. With this in mind, we conducted a long-term study in aging Wistar rats to examine changes in the expression of several key synaptic markers under the regimen of CR started at different time points in life. We found a significant increase in the expression of both presynaptic and postsynaptic markers. However, taking into account previously reported changes in the behavior detected in these animals, we consider that this increase cannot represent beneficial effect of CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Prvulovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Srdjan Sokanovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Valentina Simeunovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Vukojevic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milena Jovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Smilja Todorovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Mladenovic
- Department for Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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3
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Gillespie B, Panthi S, Sundram S, Hill RA. The impact of maternal immune activation on GABAergic interneuron development: A systematic review of rodent studies and their translational implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105488. [PMID: 38042358 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Mothers exposed to infections during pregnancy disproportionally birth children who develop autism and schizophrenia, disorders associated with altered GABAergic function. The maternal immune activation (MIA) model recapitulates this risk factor, with many studies also reporting disruptions to GABAergic interneuron expression, protein, cellular density and function. However, it is unclear if there are species, sex, age, region, or GABAergic subtype specific vulnerabilities to MIA. Furthermore, to fully comprehend the impact of MIA on the GABAergic system a synthesised account of molecular, cellular, electrophysiological and behavioural findings was required. To this end we conducted a systematic review of GABAergic interneuron changes in the MIA model, focusing on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. We reviewed 102 articles that revealed robust changes in a number of GABAergic markers that present as gestationally-specific, region-specific and sometimes sex-specific. Disruptions to GABAergic markers coincided with distinct behavioural phenotypes, including memory, sensorimotor gating, anxiety, and sociability. Findings suggest the MIA model is a valid tool for testing novel therapeutics designed to recover GABAergic function and associated behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Sandesh Panthi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Rachel A Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
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4
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Zhu B, Fisher E, Li L, Zhong P, Yan Z, Feng J. PTBP2 attenuation facilitates fibroblast to neuron conversion by promoting alternative splicing of neuronal genes. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2268-2282. [PMID: 37832540 PMCID: PMC10679656 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The direct conversion of human skin fibroblasts to neurons has a low efficiency and unclear mechanism. Here, we show that the knockdown of PTBP2 significantly enhanced the transdifferentiation induced by ASCL1, MIR9/9∗-124, and p53 shRNA (AMp) to generate mostly GABAergic neurons. Longitudinal RNA sequencing analyses identified the continuous induction of many RNA splicing regulators. Among these, the knockdown of RBFOX3 (NeuN), significantly abrogated the transdifferentiation. Overexpression of RBFOX3 significantly enhanced the conversion induced by AMp; the enhancement was occluded by PTBP2 knockdown. We found that PTBP2 attenuation significantly favored neuron-specific alternative splicing (AS) of many genes involved in synaptic transmission, signal transduction, and axon formation. RBFOX3 knockdown significantly reversed the effect, while RBFOX3 overexpression occluded the enhancement. The study reveals the critical role of neuron-specific AS in the direct conversion of human skin fibroblasts to neurons by showing that PTBP2 attenuation enhances this mechanism in concert with RBFOX3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binglin Zhu
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Emily Fisher
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Li Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Ping Zhong
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Zhen Yan
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Jian Feng
- Veterans Affairs Western New York Healthcare System, Buffalo, NY 14215, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA.
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5
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Martinez M, Petit J, Leyva A, Sogues A, Megrian D, Rodriguez A, Gaday Q, Ben Assaya M, Portela MM, Haouz A, Ducret A, Grangeasse C, Alzari PM, Durán R, Wehenkel AM. Eukaryotic-like gephyrin and cognate membrane receptor coordinate corynebacterial cell division and polar elongation. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1896-1910. [PMID: 37679597 PMCID: PMC10522489 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The order Corynebacteriales includes major industrial and pathogenic Actinobacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum or Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These bacteria have multi-layered cell walls composed of the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex and a polar growth mode, thus requiring tight coordination between the septal divisome, organized around the tubulin-like protein FtsZ, and the polar elongasome, assembled around the coiled-coil protein Wag31. Here, using C. glutamicum, we report the discovery of two divisome members: a gephyrin-like repurposed molybdotransferase (Glp) and its membrane receptor (GlpR). Our results show how cell cycle progression requires interplay between Glp/GlpR, FtsZ and Wag31, showcasing a crucial crosstalk between the divisome and elongasome machineries that might be targeted for anti-mycobacterial drug discovery. Further, our work reveals that Corynebacteriales have evolved a protein scaffold to control cell division and morphogenesis, similar to the gephyrin/GlyR system that mediates synaptic signalling in higher eukaryotes through network organization of membrane receptors and the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Martinez
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Julienne Petit
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alejandro Leyva
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adrià Sogues
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology, VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniela Megrian
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Azalia Rodriguez
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Quentin Gaday
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Mathildeb Ben Assaya
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria Magdalena Portela
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ahmed Haouz
- Plate-forme de cristallographie, C2RT-Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Ducret
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Christophe Grangeasse
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Pedro M Alzari
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Rosario Durán
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Anne Marie Wehenkel
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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6
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Sarikahya MH, Cousineau SL, De Felice M, Szkudlarek HJ, Wong KKW, DeVuono MV, Lee K, Rodríguez-Ruiz M, Gummerson D, Proud E, Ng THJ, Hudson R, Jung T, Hardy DB, Yeung KKC, Schmid S, Rushlow W, Laviolette SR. Prenatal THC exposure induces long-term, sex-dependent cognitive dysfunction associated with lipidomic and neuronal pathology in the prefrontal cortex-hippocampal network. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4234-4250. [PMID: 37525013 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02190-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
With increasing maternal cannabis use, there is a need to investigate the lasting impact of prenatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychotropic compound in cannabis, on cognitive/memory function. The endocannabinoid system (ECS), which relies on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to function, plays a crucial role in regulating prefrontal cortical (PFC) and hippocampal network-dependent behaviors essential for cognition and memory. Using a rodent model of prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE), we report that male and female offspring display long-term deficits in various cognitive domains. However, these phenotypes were associated with highly divergent, sex-dependent mechanisms. Electrophysiological recordings revealed hyperactive PFC pyramidal neuron activity in both males and females, but hypoactivity in the ventral hippocampus (vHIPP) in males, and hyperactivity in females. Further, cortical oscillatory activity states of theta, alpha, delta, beta, and gamma bandwidths were strongly sex divergent. Moreover, protein expression analyses at postnatal day (PD)21 and PD120 revealed primarily PD120 disturbances in dopamine D1R/D2 receptors, NMDA receptor 2B, synaptophysin, gephyrin, GAD67, and PPARα selectively in the PFC and vHIPP, in both regions in males, but only the vHIPP in females. Lastly, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS), we identified region-, age-, and sex-specific deficiencies in specific neural PUFAs, namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), and related metabolites, in the PFC and hippocampus (ventral/dorsal subiculum, and CA1 regions). This study highlights several novel, long-term and sex-specific consequences of PCE on PFC-hippocampal circuit dysfunction and the potential role of specific PUFA signaling abnormalities underlying these pathological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed H Sarikahya
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Samantha L Cousineau
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Marta De Felice
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Hanna J Szkudlarek
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Karen K W Wong
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Marieka V DeVuono
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Kendrick Lee
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, St. Josephs Health Care,, London, Ontario, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Mar Rodríguez-Ruiz
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Dana Gummerson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Emma Proud
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tsun Hay Jason Ng
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Roger Hudson
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Tony Jung
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Daniel B Hardy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Children's Health Research Institute, St. Josephs Health Care,, London, Ontario, N6C 2R5, Canada
| | - Ken K-C Yeung
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Susanne Schmid
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Walter Rushlow
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Josephs Health Care, London, Ontario, N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Steven R Laviolette
- Addiction Research Group, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Josephs Health Care, London, Ontario, N6C 2R5, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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7
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Herrero-Labrador R, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Vecino R, González-Arias C, Ausín K, Crespo I, Fernández Acosta FJ, Nieto-Estévez V, Román MJ, Perea G, Torres-Alemán I, Santamaría E, Vicario C. Brain IGF-I regulates LTP, spatial memory, and sexual dimorphic behavior. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201691. [PMID: 37463753 PMCID: PMC10355288 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exerts multiple actions, yet the role of IGF-I from different sources is poorly understood. Here, we explored the functional and behavioral consequences of the conditional deletion of Igf-I in the nervous system (Igf-I Δ/Δ), and demonstrated that long-term potentiation was impaired in hippocampal slices. Moreover, Igf-I Δ/Δ mice showed spatial memory deficits in the Morris water maze, and the significant sex-dependent differences displayed by Igf-I Ctrl/Ctrl mice disappeared in Igf-I Δ/Δ mice in the open field and rota-rod tests. Brain Igf-I deletion disorganized the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus (DG), and it modified the relative expressions of GAD and VGLUT1, which are preferentially localized to inhibitory and excitatory presynaptic terminals. Furthermore, Igf-I deletion altered protein modules involved in receptor trafficking, synaptic proteins, and proteins that functionally interact with estrogen and androgen metabolism. Our findings indicate that brain IGF-I is crucial for long-term potentiation, and that it is involved in the regulation of spatial memory and sexual dimorphic behaviors, possibly by maintaining the granule cell layer structure and the stability of synaptic-related protein modules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Herrero-Labrador
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Vecino
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Karina Ausín
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Crespo
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- CES Cardenal Cisneros, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M José Román
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Gertrudis Perea
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Torres-Alemán
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, and Ikerbasque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-ISCIII, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Hospital Universitario de Navarra (HUN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carlos Vicario
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Jung H, Kim S, Ko J, Um JW. Intracellular signaling mechanisms that shape postsynaptic GABAergic synapses. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 81:102728. [PMID: 37236068 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2023.102728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Postsynaptic GABAergic receptors interact with various membrane and intracellular proteins to mediate inhibitory synaptic transmission. They form structural and/or signaling synaptic protein complexes that perform a variety of postsynaptic functions. In particular, the key GABAergic synaptic scaffold, gephyrin, and its interacting partners govern downstream signaling pathways that are essential for GABAergic synapse development, transmission, and plasticity. In this review, we discuss recent researches on GABAergic synaptic signaling pathways. We also outline the main outstanding issues that need to be addressed in this field and highlight the association of dysregulated GABAergic synaptic signaling with the onset of various brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeji Jung
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Seungjoon Kim
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea; Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Jaewon Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea; Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Um
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea; Center for Synapse Diversity and Specificity, DGIST, 333 Techno Jungangdae-Ro, Hyeonpoong-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, South Korea.
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9
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von Arx AS, Dawson K, Lin HY, Mattei D, Notter T, Meyer U, Schalbetter SM. Prefrontal microglia deficiency during adolescence disrupts adult cognitive functions and synaptic structures: A follow-up study in female mice. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:230-246. [PMID: 37100210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) provides executive top-down control of a variety of cognitive processes. A distinctive feature of the PFC is its protracted structural and functional maturation throughout adolescence to early adulthood, which is necessary for acquiring mature cognitive abilities. Using a mouse model of cell-specific, transient and local depletion of microglia, which is based on intracerebral injection of clodronate disodium salt (CDS) into the PFC of adolescent male mice, we recently demonstrated that microglia contribute to the functional and structural maturation of the PFC in males. Because microglia biology and cortical maturation are partly sexually dimorphic, the main objective of the present study was to examine whether microglia similarly regulate this maturational process in female mice as well. Here, we show that a single, bilateral intra-PFC injection of CDS in adolescent (6-week-old) female mice induces a local and transient depletion (70 to 80% decrease from controls) of prefrontal microglia during a restricted window of adolescence without affecting neuronal or astrocytic cell populations. This transient microglia deficiency was sufficient to disrupt PFC-associated cognitive functions and synaptic structures at adult age. Inducing transient prefrontal microglia depletion in adult female mice did not cause these deficits, demonstrating that the adult PFC, unlike the adolescent PFC, is resilient to transient microglia deficiency in terms of lasting cognitive and synaptic maladaptations. Together with our previous findings in males, the present findings suggest that microglia contribute to the maturation of the female PFC in a similar way as to the prefrontal maturation occurring in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina S von Arx
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kara Dawson
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Han-Yu Lin
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Mattei
- MSSM Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tina Notter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Sina M Schalbetter
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Vetsuisse, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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10
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Mao R, Xu S, Sun G, Yu Y, Zuo Z, Wang Y, Yang K, Zhang Z, Yang W. Triptolide injection reduces Alzheimer's disease-like pathology in mice. Synapse 2023; 77:e22261. [PMID: 36633502 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Triptolide is an epoxidized diterpene lactone isolated from Tripterygium wilfordii. Studies have shown that triptolide exerts organ-protective effects. However, it remains unknown whether triptolide improves Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like presentations. Thirty healthy 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (n = 10), model (n = 10), and triptolide (n = 10) groups. Amyloid-β (Aβ)42 was injected bilaterally into the ventricles of mice in the model group. Triptolide was injected intraperitoneally daily after injecting Aβ42 (a total of 30 days) in the triptolide group. Learning and memory were tested using the Morris water maze test. The deposition of Aβ42 in the hippocampus was detected using immunohistochemical staining. In the hippocampus, three synaptic-associated proteins-gephyrin, collybistin, and GABRA1 -were detected by western blotting. Furthermore, we used ELISA to detect proinflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α and IL-1β, in the blood and hippocampus. Moreover, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and GSH levels were measured using the corresponding kits. We found that triptolide improved spatial learning and memory in AD-like mice. Additionally, triptolide maintained the expression of gephyrin, collybistin, and GABRA1 and reduced Aβ in these mice. Additionally, triptolide reduced the expression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative damage in AD-like mice. Our study suggests that triptolide attenuates AD-like changes in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Mao
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shihao Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangwen Sun
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Union Training Base, Jinzhou, China
| | - Yingying Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Union Training Base, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhiyi Zuo
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University Union Training Base, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqiong Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sinopharm Dongfeng General Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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11
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Lee JM, Choi YJ, Yoo MC, Yeo SG. Central Facial Nervous System Biomolecules Involved in Peripheral Facial Nerve Injury Responses and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12051036. [PMID: 37237902 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12051036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral facial nerve injury leads to changes in the expression of various neuroactive substances that affect nerve cell damage, survival, growth, and regeneration. In the case of peripheral facial nerve damage, the injury directly affects the peripheral nerves and induces changes in the central nervous system (CNS) through various factors, but the substances involved in these changes in the CNS are not well understood. The objective of this review is to investigate the biomolecules involved in peripheral facial nerve damage so as to gain insight into the mechanisms and limitations of targeting the CNS after such damage and identify potential facial nerve treatment strategies. To this end, we searched PubMed using keywords and exclusion criteria and selected 29 eligible experimental studies. Our analysis summarizes basic experimental studies on changes in the CNS following peripheral facial nerve damage, focusing on biomolecules that increase or decrease in the CNS and/or those involved in the damage, and reviews various approaches for treating facial nerve injury. By establishing the biomolecules in the CNS that change after peripheral nerve damage, we can expect to identify factors that play an important role in functional recovery from facial nerve damage. Accordingly, this review could represent a significant step toward developing treatment strategies for peripheral facial palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Geun Yeo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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12
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Jiang F, Bello ST, Gao Q, Lai Y, Li X, He L. Advances in the Electrophysiological Recordings of Long-Term Potentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087134. [PMID: 37108295 PMCID: PMC10138642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding neuronal firing patterns and long-term potentiation (LTP) induction in studying learning, memory, and neurological diseases is critical. However, recently, despite the rapid advancement in neuroscience, we are still constrained by the experimental design, detection tools for exploring the mechanisms and pathways involved in LTP induction, and detection ability of neuronal action potentiation signals. This review will reiterate LTP-related electrophysiological recordings in the mammalian brain for nearly 50 years and explain how excitatory and inhibitory neural LTP results have been detected and described by field- and single-cell potentials, respectively. Furthermore, we focus on describing the classic model of LTP of inhibition and discuss the inhibitory neuron activity when excitatory neurons are activated to induce LTP. Finally, we propose recording excitatory and inhibitory neurons under the same experimental conditions by combining various electrophysiological technologies and novel design suggestions for future research. We discussed different types of synaptic plasticity, and the potential of astrocytes to induce LTP also deserves to be explored in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixu Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Qianqian Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Yuanying Lai
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ling He
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
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13
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Medina AM, Hagenauer MH, Krolewski DM, Hughes E, Forrester LCT, Walsh DM, Waselus M, Richardson E, Turner CA, Sequeira PA, Cartagena PM, Thompson RC, Vawter MP, Bunney BG, Myers RM, Barchas JD, Lee FS, Schatzberg AF, Bunney WE, Akil H, Watson SJ. Neurotransmission-related gene expression in the frontal pole is altered in subjects with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:118. [PMID: 37031222 PMCID: PMC10082811 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The frontal pole (Brodmann area 10, BA10) is the largest cytoarchitectonic region of the human cortex, performing complex integrative functions. BA10 undergoes intensive adolescent grey matter pruning prior to the age of onset for bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCHIZ), and its dysfunction is likely to underly aspects of their shared symptomology. In this study, we investigated the role of BA10 neurotransmission-related gene expression in BP and SCHIZ. We performed qPCR to measure the expression of 115 neurotransmission-related targets in control, BP, and SCHIZ postmortem samples (n = 72). We chose this method for its high sensitivity to detect low-level expression. We then strengthened our findings by performing a meta-analysis of publicly released BA10 microarray data (n = 101) and identified sources of convergence with our qPCR results. To improve interpretation, we leveraged the unusually large database of clinical metadata accompanying our samples to explore the relationship between BA10 gene expression, therapeutics, substances of abuse, and symptom profiles, and validated these findings with publicly available datasets. Using these convergent sources of evidence, we identified 20 neurotransmission-related genes that were differentially expressed in BP and SCHIZ in BA10. These results included a large diagnosis-related decrease in two important therapeutic targets with low levels of expression, HTR2B and DRD4, as well as other findings related to dopaminergic, GABAergic and astrocytic function. We also observed that therapeutics may produce a differential expression that opposes diagnosis effects. In contrast, substances of abuse showed similar effects on BA10 gene expression as BP and SCHIZ, potentially amplifying diagnosis-related dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Medina
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David M Krolewski
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evan Hughes
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Maria Waselus
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evelyn Richardson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cortney A Turner
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Robert C Thompson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Huda Akil
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stanley J Watson
- Michigan Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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14
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Xie X, Li Y, Su S, Li X, Xu X, Gao Y, Peng M, Ke C. Neuroligins facilitate the development of bone cancer pain via regulating synaptic transmission: an experimental study. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY (ELSEVIER) 2023:S0104-0014(23)00017-9. [PMID: 36841430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjane.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanism of chronic pain involves the plasticity in synaptic receptors and neurotransmitters. This study aimed to investigate potential roles of Neuroligins (NLs) within the spinal dorsal horn of rats in a newly established Bone Cancer Pain (BCP) model. The objective was to explore the mechanism of neuroligin involved in the occurrence and development of bone cancer pain. METHODS Using our rat BCP model, we assessed pain hypersensitivity over time. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to investigate NL expression, and NLs were overexpressed in the rat spinal cord using lentiviral vectors. Immunofluorescence staining and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were deployed to investigate the role of NLs in the development of BCP. RESULTS We observed reduced expression levels of NL1 and NL2, but not of NL3, within the rat spinal cord, which were found to be associated with and essential for the development of BCP in our model. Accordingly, NL1 or NL2 overexpression in the spinal cord alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity of rats. Electrophysiological experiments indicated that NL1 and NL2 are involved in BCP via regulating γ-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneuronal synapses and the activity of glutamatergic interneuronal synapses, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our observations unravel the role of NLs in cancer-related chronic pain and further suggest that inhibitory mechanisms are central features of BCP in the spinal dorsal horn. These results provide a new perspective and basis for subsequent studies elucidating the onset and progression of BCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianqiao Xie
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Suizhou Central Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology, Suizhou, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Shanchun Su
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqin Xu
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Minjing Peng
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Shiyan, Hubei, China
| | - Changbin Ke
- Hubei University of Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Institute of Anesthesiology & Pain (IAP), Department of Anesthesiology, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Shiyan, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, Shiyan, Hubei, China
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15
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Martinez M, Petit J, Leyva A, Sogues A, Megrian D, Rodriguez A, Gaday Q, Ben Assaya M, Portela M, Haouz A, Ducret A, Grangeasse C, Alzari PM, Durán R, Wehenkel A. Eukaryotic-like gephyrin and cognate membrane receptor coordinate corynebacterial cell division and polar elongation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.01.526586. [PMID: 36778425 PMCID: PMC9915583 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.01.526586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The order Corynebacteriales includes major industrial and pathogenic actinobacteria such as Corynebacterium glutamicum or Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Their elaborate multi-layered cell wall, composed primarily of the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan complex, and their polar growth mode impose a stringent coordination between the septal divisome, organized around the tubulin-like protein FtsZ, and the polar elongasome, assembled around the tropomyosin-like protein Wag31. Here, we report the identification of two new divisome members, a gephyrin-like repurposed molybdotransferase (GLP) and its membrane receptor (GLPR). We show that the interplay between the GLPR/GLP module, FtsZ and Wag31 is crucial for orchestrating cell cycle progression. Our results provide a detailed molecular understanding of the crosstalk between two essential machineries, the divisome and elongasome, and reveal that Corynebacteriales have evolved a protein scaffold to control cell division and morphogenesis similar to the gephyrin/GlyR system that in higher eukaryotes mediates synaptic signaling through network organization of membrane receptors and the microtubule cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Martinez
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - J. Petit
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - A. Leyva
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Sogues
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - D. Megrian
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - A. Rodriguez
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Q. Gaday
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - M. Ben Assaya
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - M. Portela
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Haouz
- Plate-forme de cristallographie, C2RT-Institut Pasteur, CNRS, UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - A. Ducret
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - C. Grangeasse
- Molecular Microbiology and Structural Biochemistry, CNRS UMR 5086, Université de Lyon, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon, France
| | - P. M. Alzari
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
| | - R. Durán
- Analytical Biochemistry and Proteomics Unit, Institut Pasteur de Montevideo, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Wehenkel
- Structural Microbiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, CNRS UMR 3528, Université Paris Cité, F-75015 Paris, France
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16
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Fontes-Dutra M, Righes Marafiga J, Santos-Terra J, Deckmann I, Brum Schwingel G, Rabelo B, Kazmierzak de Moraes R, Rockenbach M, Vendramin Pasquetti M, Gottfried C, Calcagnotto ME. GABAergic synaptic transmission and cortical oscillation patterns in the primary somatosensory area of a valproic acid rat model of autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 57:527-546. [PMID: 36504470 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and interaction associated with repetitive or stereotyped behaviour. Prenatal valproic acid (VPA) exposure in rodents is a commonly used model of ASD. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to prevent interneuronal and behavioural impairments in the VPA model. We investigated the effects of prenatal VPA exposure and RSV on the GABAergic synaptic transmission, brain oscillations and on the genic expression of interneuron-associated transcription factor LHX6 in the primary somatosensory area (PSSA). Prenatal VPA exposure decreased the sIPSC and mIPSC frequencies and the sIPSC decay kinetics onto layers 4/5 pyramidal cells of PSSA. About 40% of VPA animals exhibited absence-like spike-wave discharge (SWD) events associated with behaviour arrest and increased power spectrum density of delta, beta and gamma cortical oscillations. VPA animals had reduced LHX6 expression in PSSA, but VPA animals treated with RSV had no changes on synaptic inhibition or LHX6 expression in the PSSA. SWD events associated with behaviour arrest and the abnormal increment of cortical oscillations were also absent in VPA animals treated with RSV. These findings provide new venues to investigate the role of both RSV and VPA in the pathophysiology of ASD and highlight the VPA animal model as an interesting tool to investigate pathways related to the aetiology and possible future therapies to this neuropsychiatric disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellanie Fontes-Dutra
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseane Righes Marafiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlio Santos-Terra
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Iohanna Deckmann
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brum Schwingel
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruna Rabelo
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Kazmierzak de Moraes
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marília Rockenbach
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mayara Vendramin Pasquetti
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders (GETTEA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa Calcagnotto
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biological Science: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Neurophysiology and Neurochemistry of Neuronal Excitability and Synaptic Plasticity Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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17
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Shishkova VN, Nartsissov YR, Titova VY, Sheshegova EV. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS DEFINING APPLICATION OF GLYCINE AND ZINC COMBINATIONIN CORRECTION OF STRESS AND ANXIETY MAIN MANIFESTATIONS. PHARMACY & PHARMACOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.19163/2307-9266-2022-10-5-404-415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to carry out a systematic analysis of the molecular mechanisms that determine the possibility of a combined use of amino acid glycine and zinc compounds for the treatment of patients with manifestations of stress and anxiety.Materials and methods. Information retrieval (Scopus, PubMed) and library (eLibrary) databases were used as research tools. In some cases, the ResearchGate application was applied for a semantic search. The analysis and generalization of references was carried out on the research topic, covering the period from 2000 to the present time.Results. It has been shown that amino acid glycine, along with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), is a key neurotransmitter that regulates physiological inhibition processes in the central nervous system (CNS) by increasing transmembrane conductance in specific pentameric ligand-gated ion channels. The introduction of zinc ions can potentiate the opening of these receptors by increasing their affinity for glycine, resulting in an inhibitory processes increase in CNS neurons. The replenishment of the glycine and zinc combined deficiency is an important element in the correction of a post-stress dysfunction of the central nervous system. A balanced intake of zinc and glycine is essential for most people who experience daily effects of multiple stresses and anxiety. This combination is especially useful for the people experiencing a state of chronic psycho-emotional stress and maladaptation, including those who have a difficulty in falling asleep.Conclusion. A balanced maintenance of the zinc and glycine concentration in the body of a healthy person leads to the development of a stable anti-anxiety effect, which is accompanied by the normalization of the sleep-wake rhythm, which makes it possible to have a good rest without any loss of working efficiency after waking up.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. N. Shishkova
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine;
Evdokimov Moscow State Medical and Dental University
| | - Y. R. Nartsissov
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology;
Biomedical Research Group, BiDiPharma GmbH
| | - V. Y. Titova
- Institute of Cytochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology
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18
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Watanabe S, Al Omran AJ, Shao AS, Zhang Z, Xue C, Zhang J, Watanabe J, Liang J. Social isolation induces succinate dehydrogenase dysfunction in anxious mice. Neurochem Int 2022; 161:105434. [PMID: 36252817 PMCID: PMC9719728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported social isolation induces anxiety-like behavior, cognitive decline, and reduction in brain ATP levels in mice. These changes were ameliorated by treatment with dihydromyricetin (DHM), a compound that positively modulates γ-aminobutyric A (GABAA) receptor. To gain further insight into the subcellular mechanisms underlying these changes, we utilized a social isolation-induced anxiety mouse model and investigated changes in mitochondrial oxidative capacity via the electron transport chain. We found that 4 weeks of social isolation decreased ATP levels by 43% and succinate dehydrogenase capacity by 52% of the control, while daily DHM (2 mg/kg oral) administration restored succinate dehydrogenase capacity. These results suggest that social isolation decreased mitochondrial capacity to generate ATP. DHM can be developed to be a therapeutic against anxiety and mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Watanabe
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Alzahra J Al Omran
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Amy S Shao
- Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Translational Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Chen Xue
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Translational Research Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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19
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Miranda JM, Cruz E, Bessières B, Alberini CM. Hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons play a critical role in memory development. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111643. [PMID: 36384113 PMCID: PMC9737056 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Episodic memories formed in early childhood rapidly decay, but their latent traces remain stored long term. These memories require the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and seem to undergo a developmental critical period. It remains to be determined whether the maturation of parvalbumin interneurons (PVIs), a major mechanism of critical periods, contributes to memory development. Here, we show that episodic infantile learning significantly increases the levels of parvalbumin in the dHPC 48 h after training. Chemogenetic inhibition of PVIs before learning indicated that these neurons are required for infantile memory formation. A bilateral dHPC injection of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor agonist diazepam after training elicited long-term memory expression in infant rats, although direct PVI chemogenetic activation had no effect. Finally, PVI activity was required for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent maturation of memory competence, i.e., adult-like long-term memory expression. Thus, dHPC PVIs are critical for the formation of infantile memories and for memory development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Miranda
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Emmanuel Cruz
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Benjamin Bessières
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Cristina M Alberini
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, 4 Washington Place, New York, NY 10003, USA.
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20
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Li L, Liu H, Qian KY, Nurrish S, Zeng XT, Zeng WX, Wang J, Kaplan JM, Tong XJ, Hu Z. CASK and FARP localize two classes of post-synaptic ACh receptors thereby promoting cholinergic transmission. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010211. [PMID: 36279278 PMCID: PMC9632837 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in neurotransmitter receptor abundance at post-synaptic elements play a pivotal role in regulating synaptic strength. For this reason, there is significant interest in identifying and characterizing the scaffolds required for receptor localization at different synapses. Here we analyze the role of two C. elegans post-synaptic scaffolding proteins (LIN-2/CASK and FRM-3/FARP) at cholinergic neuromuscular junctions. Constitutive knockouts or muscle specific inactivation of lin-2 and frm-3 dramatically reduced spontaneous and evoked post-synaptic currents. These synaptic defects resulted from the decreased abundance of two classes of post-synaptic ionotropic acetylcholine receptors (ACR-16/CHRNA7 and levamisole-activated AChRs). LIN-2's AChR scaffolding function is mediated by its SH3 and PDZ domains, which interact with AChRs and FRM-3/FARP, respectively. Thus, our findings show that post-synaptic LIN-2/FRM-3 complexes promote cholinergic synaptic transmission by recruiting AChRs to post-synaptic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Haowen Liu
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kang-Ying Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Stephen Nurrish
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xian-Ting Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan-Xin Zeng
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiafan Wang
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joshua M. Kaplan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xia-Jing Tong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhitao Hu
- Queensland Brain Institute, Clem Jones Centre for Ageing Dementia Research (CJCADR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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21
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Puvogel S, Blanchard K, Casas BS, Miller RL, Garrido-Jara D, Arizabalos S, Rehen SK, Sanhueza M, Palma V. Altered resting-state functional connectivity in hiPSCs-derived neuronal networks from schizophrenia patients. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:935360. [PMID: 36158199 PMCID: PMC9489842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.935360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) is a severe mental disorder that arises from abnormal neurodevelopment, caused by genetic and environmental factors. SZ often involves distortions in reality perception and it is widely associated with alterations in brain connectivity. In the present work, we used Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (hiPSCs)-derived neuronal cultures to study neural communicational dynamics during early development in SZ. We conducted gene and protein expression profiling, calcium imaging recordings, and applied a mathematical model to quantify the dynamism of functional connectivity (FC) in hiPSCs-derived neuronal networks. Along the neurodifferentiation process, SZ networks displayed altered gene expression of the glutamate receptor-related proteins HOMER1 and GRIN1 compared to healthy control (HC) networks, suggesting a possible tendency to develop hyperexcitability. Resting-state FC in neuronal networks derived from HC and SZ patients emerged as a dynamic phenomenon exhibiting connectivity configurations reoccurring in time (hub states). Compared to HC, SZ networks were less thorough in exploring different FC configurations, changed configurations less often, presented a reduced repertoire of hub states and spent longer uninterrupted time intervals in this less diverse universe of hubs. Our results suggest that alterations in the communicational dynamics of SZ emerging neuronal networks might contribute to the previously described brain FC anomalies in SZ patients, by compromising the ability of their neuronal networks for rapid and efficient reorganization through different activity patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Puvogel
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kris Blanchard
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bárbara S. Casas
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Robyn L. Miller
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science (TReNDS Center), Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Delia Garrido-Jara
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Arizabalos
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
| | - Stevens K. Rehen
- Instituto D’Or de Pesquisa e Ensino (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Magdalena Sanhueza
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Verónica Palma, ; Magdalena Sanhueza,
| | - Verónica Palma
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences. Universidad de Chile. Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Verónica Palma, ; Magdalena Sanhueza,
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22
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Guzikowski NJ, Kavalali ET. Nano-organization of spontaneous GABAergic transmission directs its autonomous function in neuronal signaling. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111172. [PMID: 35947950 PMCID: PMC9392417 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Earlier studies delineated the precise arrangement of proteins that drive neurotransmitter release and postsynaptic signaling at excitatory synapses. However, spatial organization of neurotransmission at inhibitory synapses remains unclear. Here, we took advantage of the molecularly specific interaction of antimalarial artemisinins and the inhibitory synapse scaffold protein, gephyrin, to probe the functional organization of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR)-mediated neurotransmission in central synapses. Short-term application of artemisinins severely contracts the size and density of gephyrin and GABAaR γ2 subunit clusters. This size contraction elicits a neuronal activity-independent increase in Bdnf expression due to a specific reduction in GABAergic spontaneous, but not evoked, neurotransmission. The same functional effect could be mimicked by disruption of microtubules that link gephyrin to the neuronal cytoskeleton. These results suggest that the GABAergic postsynaptic apparatus possesses a concentric center-surround organization, where the periphery of gephyrin clusters selectively maintains spontaneous GABAergic neurotransmission facilitating its autonomous function regulating Bdnf expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie J. Guzikowski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA
| | - Ege T. Kavalali
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA,Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7933, USA,Lead contact,Correspondence:
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23
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Bai G, Zhang M. Inhibitory postsynaptic density from the lens of phase separation. OXFORD OPEN NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 1:kvac003. [PMID: 38596704 PMCID: PMC10913824 DOI: 10.1093/oons/kvac003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
To faithfully transmit and decode signals released from presynaptic termini, postsynaptic compartments of neuronal synapses deploy hundreds of various proteins. In addition to distinct sets of proteins, excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic apparatuses display very different organization features and regulatory properties. Decades of extensive studies have generated a wealth of knowledge on the molecular composition, assembly architecture and activity-dependent regulatory mechanisms of excitatory postsynaptic compartments. In comparison, our understanding of the inhibitory postsynaptic apparatus trails behind. Recent studies have demonstrated that phase separation is a new paradigm underlying the formation and plasticity of both excitatory and inhibitory postsynaptic molecular assemblies. In this review, we discuss molecular composition, organizational and regulatory features of inhibitory postsynaptic densities through the lens of the phase separation concept and in comparison with the excitatory postsynaptic densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Bai
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Greater Bay Biomedical Innocenter, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518036, China
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24
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Serrano ME, Kim E, Petrinovic MM, Turkheimer F, Cash D. Imaging Synaptic Density: The Next Holy Grail of Neuroscience? Front Neurosci 2022; 16:796129. [PMID: 35401097 PMCID: PMC8990757 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.796129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain is the central and most complex organ in the nervous system, comprising billions of neurons that constantly communicate through trillions of connections called synapses. Despite being formed mainly during prenatal and early postnatal development, synapses are continually refined and eliminated throughout life via complicated and hitherto incompletely understood mechanisms. Failure to correctly regulate the numbers and distribution of synapses has been associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders, including autism, epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and schizophrenia. Therefore, measurements of brain synaptic density, as well as early detection of synaptic dysfunction, are essential for understanding normal and abnormal brain development. To date, multiple synaptic density markers have been proposed and investigated in experimental models of brain disorders. The majority of the gold standard methodologies (e.g., electron microscopy or immunohistochemistry) visualize synapses or measure changes in pre- and postsynaptic proteins ex vivo. However, the invasive nature of these classic methodologies precludes their use in living organisms. The recent development of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers [such as (18F)UCB-H or (11C)UCB-J] that bind to a putative synaptic density marker, the synaptic vesicle 2A (SV2A) protein, is heralding a likely paradigm shift in detecting synaptic alterations in patients. Despite their limited specificity, novel, non-invasive magnetic resonance (MR)-based methods also show promise in inferring synaptic information by linking to glutamate neurotransmission. Although promising, all these methods entail various advantages and limitations that must be addressed before becoming part of routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarize and discuss current ex vivo and in vivo methods of quantifying synaptic density, including an evaluation of their reliability and experimental utility. We conclude with a critical assessment of challenges that need to be overcome before successfully employing synaptic density biomarkers as diagnostic and/or prognostic tools in the study of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Serrano
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Kim
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marija M Petrinovic
- Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Diana Cash
- Department of Neuroimaging, The BRAIN Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Michalettos G, Ruscher K. Crosstalk Between GABAergic Neurotransmission and Inflammatory Cascades in the Post-ischemic Brain: Relevance for Stroke Recovery. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:807911. [PMID: 35401118 PMCID: PMC8983863 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.807911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptive plasticity processes are required involving neurons as well as non-neuronal cells to recover lost brain functions after an ischemic stroke. Recent studies show that gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) has profound effects on glial and immune cell functions in addition to its inhibitory actions on neuronal circuits in the post-ischemic brain. Here, we provide an overview of how GABAergic neurotransmission changes during the first weeks after stroke and how GABA affects functions of astroglial and microglial cells as well as peripheral immune cell populations accumulating in the ischemic territory and brain regions remote to the lesion. Moreover, we will summarize recent studies providing data on the immunomodulatory actions of GABA of relevance for stroke recovery. Interestingly, the activation of GABA receptors on immune cells exerts a downregulation of detrimental anti-inflammatory cascades. Conversely, we will discuss studies addressing how specific inflammatory cascades affect GABAergic neurotransmission on the level of GABA receptor composition, GABA synthesis, and release. In particular, the chemokines CXCR4 and CX3CR1 pathways have been demonstrated to modulate receptor composition and synthesis. Together, the actual view on the interactions between GABAergic neurotransmission and inflammatory cascades points towards a specific crosstalk in the post-ischemic brain. Similar to what has been shown in experimental models, specific therapeutic modulation of GABAergic neurotransmission and inflammatory pathways may synergistically promote neuronal plasticity to enhance stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Michalettos
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- LUBIN Lab—Lunds Laboratorium för Neurokirurgisk Hjärnskadeforskning, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Karsten Ruscher
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26
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Hyperammonemia Enhances GABAergic Neurotransmission in Hippocampus: Underlying Mechanisms and Modulation by Extracellular cGMP. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:3431-3448. [PMID: 35320456 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rats with chronic hyperammonemia reproduce the cognitive and motor impairment present in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. It has been proposed that enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission in hippocampus may contribute to impaired learning and memory in hyperammonemic rats. However, there are no direct evidences of the effects of hyperammonemia on GABAergic neurotransmission in hippocampus or on the underlying mechanisms. The aims of this work were to assess if chronic hyperammonemia enhances the function of GABAA receptors in hippocampus and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Activation of GABAA receptors is enhanced in hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats, as analyzed in a multielectrode array system. Hyperammonemia reduces membrane expression of the GABA transporters GAT1 and GAT3, which is associated with increased extracellular GABA concentration. Hyperammonemia also increases gephyrin levels and phosphorylation of the β3 subunit of GABAA receptor, which are associated with increased membrane expression of the GABAA receptor subunits α1, α2, γ2, β3, and δ. Enhanced levels of extracellular GABA and increased membrane expression of GABAA receptors would be responsible for the enhanced GABAergic neurotransmission in hippocampus of hyperammonemic rats. Increasing extracellular cGMP reverses the increase in GABAA receptors activation by normalizing the membrane expression of GABA transporters and GABAA receptors. The increased GABAergic neurotransmission in hippocampus would contribute to cognitive impairment in hyperammonemic rats. The results reported suggest that reducing GABAergic tone in hippocampus by increasing extracellular cGMP or by other means may be useful to improve cognitive function in hyperammonemia and in cirrhotic patients with minimal or clinical hepatic encephalopathy.
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27
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Schalbetter SM, von Arx AS, Cruz-Ochoa N, Dawson K, Ivanov A, Mueller FS, Lin HY, Amport R, Mildenberger W, Mattei D, Beule D, Földy C, Greter M, Notter T, Meyer U. Adolescence is a sensitive period for prefrontal microglia to act on cognitive development. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabi6672. [PMID: 35235358 PMCID: PMC8890703 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abi6672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a cortical brain region that regulates various cognitive functions. One distinctive feature of the PFC is its protracted adolescent maturation, which is necessary for acquiring mature cognitive abilities in adulthood. Here, we show that microglia, the brain's resident immune cells, contribute to this maturational process. We find that transient and cell-specific deficiency of prefrontal microglia in adolescence is sufficient to induce an adult emergence of PFC-associated impairments in cognitive functions, dendritic complexity, and synaptic structures. While prefrontal microglia deficiency in adolescence also altered the excitatory-inhibitory balance in adult prefrontal circuits, there were no cognitive sequelae when prefrontal microglia were depleted in adulthood. Thus, our findings identify adolescence as a sensitive period for prefrontal microglia to act on cognitive development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina M. Schalbetter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Anina S. von Arx
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Cruz-Ochoa
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Faculties of Medicine and Natural Sciences, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kara Dawson
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Flavia S. Mueller
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Han-Yu Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - René Amport
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wiebke Mildenberger
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Mattei
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Csaba Földy
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Faculties of Medicine and Natural Sciences, Brain Research Institute, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Melanie Greter
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tina Notter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Urs Meyer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich-Vetsuisse, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Corresponding author.
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Tilley DM, Cedeño DL, Vetri F, Platt DC, Vallejo R. Differential target multiplexed spinal cord stimulation programming modulates proteins involved in ion regulation in an animal model of neuropathic pain. Mol Pain 2022; 18:17448069211060181. [PMID: 35048719 PMCID: PMC8785327 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211060181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) using differential target multiplexed programming (DTMP) on proteins involved in the regulation of ion transport in spinal cord (SC) tissue of an animal model of neuropathic pain was evaluated in comparison to low rate (LR) SCS. Rats subjected to the spared nerve injury model (SNI) and implanted with a SCS lead were assigned to DTMP or LR and stimulated for 48 h. A No-SCS group received no stimulation, and a Sham group received no SNI or stimulation. Proteins in the dorsal ipsilateral quadrant of the stimulated SC were identified and quantified using mass spectrometry. Proteins significantly modulated by DTMP or LR relative to No-SCS were identified. Bioinformatic tools were used to identify proteins related to ion transport regulation. DTMP modulated a larger number of proteins than LR. More than 40 proteins significantly involved in the regulation of chloride (Cl-), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), or calcium (Ca2+) ions were identified. SNI affected proteins that promote the increase of intracellular Ca2+, Na+, and K+ and decrease of intracellular Cl-. DTMP modulated proteins involved in glial response to neural injury that affect Ca2+ signaling. DTMP decreased levels of proteins related to Ca2+ transport that may result in the reduction of intracellular Ca2+. Presynaptic proteins involved in GABA vesicle formation and release were upregulated by DTMP. DTMP also upregulated postsynaptic proteins involved with elevated intracellular Cl-, while modulating proteins, expressed by astrocytes, that regulate postsynaptic Cl- inhibition. DTMP downregulated K+ regulatory proteins affected by SNI that affect neuronal depolarization, and upregulated proteins that are associated with a decrease of intracellular neuronal K+ and astrocyte uptake of extracellular K+. DTMP treatment modulated the expression of proteins with the potential to facilitate a reversal of dysregulation of ion transport and signaling associated with a model of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David L Cedeño
- SGX Medical LLC, Bloomington, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, 1770Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, USA
| | | | - David C Platt
- SGX Medical LLC, Bloomington, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, 1770Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, USA
| | - Ricardo Vallejo
- SGX Medical LLC, Bloomington, IL, USA.,Department of Psychology, 1770Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, USA.,National Spine and Pain Centers, Bloomington, IL, USA
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The Effect of TGF-β1 Reduced Functionality on the Expression of Selected Synaptic Proteins and Electrophysiological Parameters: Implications of Changes Observed in Acute Hepatic Encephalopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031081. [PMID: 35163004 PMCID: PMC8835518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Decreased platelet count represents a feature of acute liver failure (ALF) pathogenesis. Platelets are the reservoir of transforming growth factor 1 (TGF-β1), a multipotent cytokine involved in the maintenance of, i.a., central nervous system homeostasis. Here, we analyzed the effect of a decrease in TGF-β1 active form on synaptic proteins levels, and brain electrophysiology, in mice after intraperitoneal (ip) administration of TGF-β1 antibody (anti-TGF-β1; 1 mg/mL). Next, we correlated it with a thrombocytopenia-induced TGF-β1 decrease, documented in an azoxymethane-induced (AOM; 100 mM ip) model of ALF, and clarified the impact of TGF-β1 decrease on blood–brain barrier functionality. The increase of both synaptophysin and synaptotagmin in the cytosolic fraction, and its reduction in a membrane fraction, were confirmed in the AOM mice brains. Both proteins’ decrease in analyzed fractions occurred in anti-TGF-β1 mice. In turn, an increase in postsynaptic (NR1 subunit of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, postsynaptic density protein 95, gephyrin) proteins in the AOM brain cortex, but a selective compensatory increase of NR1 subunit in anti-TGF-β mice, was observed. The alterations of synaptic proteins levels were not translated on electrophysiological parameters in the anti-TGF-β1 model. The results suggest the impairment of synaptic vesicles docking to the postsynaptic membrane in the AOM model. Nevertheless, changes in synaptic protein level in the anti-TGF-β1 mice do not affect neurotransmission and may not contribute to neurologic deficits in AOM mice.
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Sneve MA, Piatkevich KD. Towards a Comprehensive Optical Connectome at Single Synapse Resolution via Expansion Microscopy. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 13:754814. [PMID: 35115916 PMCID: PMC8803729 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.754814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Mapping and determining the molecular identity of individual synapses is a crucial step towards the comprehensive reconstruction of neuronal circuits. Throughout the history of neuroscience, microscopy has been a key technology for mapping brain circuits. However, subdiffraction size and high density of synapses in brain tissue make this process extremely challenging. Electron microscopy (EM), with its nanoscale resolution, offers one approach to this challenge yet comes with many practical limitations, and to date has only been used in very small samples such as C. elegans, tadpole larvae, fruit fly brain, or very small pieces of mammalian brain tissue. Moreover, EM datasets require tedious data tracing. Light microscopy in combination with tissue expansion via physical magnification-known as expansion microscopy (ExM)-offers an alternative approach to this problem. ExM enables nanoscale imaging of large biological samples, which in combination with multicolor neuronal and synaptic labeling offers the unprecedented capability to trace and map entire neuronal circuits in fully automated mode. Recent advances in new methods for synaptic staining as well as new types of optical molecular probes with superior stability, specificity, and brightness provide new modalities for studying brain circuits. Here we review advanced methods and molecular probes for fluorescence staining of the synapses in the brain that are compatible with currently available expansion microscopy techniques. In particular, we will describe genetically encoded probes for synaptic labeling in mice, zebrafish, Drosophila fruit flies, and C. elegans, which enable the visualization of post-synaptic scaffolds and receptors, presynaptic terminals and vesicles, and even a snapshot of the synaptic activity itself. We will address current methods for applying these probes in ExM experiments, as well as appropriate vectors for the delivery of these molecular constructs. In addition, we offer experimental considerations and limitations for using each of these tools as well as our perspective on emerging tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison A Sneve
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kiryl D Piatkevich
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
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31
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Al Omran AJ, Shao AS, Watanabe S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xue C, Watanabe J, Davies DL, Shao XM, Liang J. Social isolation induces neuroinflammation and microglia overactivation, while dihydromyricetin prevents and improves them. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:2. [PMID: 34983568 PMCID: PMC8724741 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02368-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country's mental health treatment cost. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system. METHODS Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. The anxiety-like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus-maze and open field behavioral tests. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. RESULTS Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Also, a dynamic alteration in hippocampal microglia were detected illustrated as a decline in microglia number and overactivation as determined by significant morphological changes including decreases in lacunarity, perimeter, and cell size and increase in cell density. Moreover, social isolation induced an increase in serum corticosterone level and activation in NF-κB pathway. Notably, DHM treatment counteracted these changes. CONCLUSION The results suggest that social isolation contributes to neuroinflammation, while DHM has the ability to improve neuroinflammation induced by anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzahra J Al Omran
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Amy S Shao
- Homer Stryker M.D. School of Medicine, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, 49007, USA
| | - Saki Watanabe
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Translational Research Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Chen Xue
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Translational Research Lab, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Daryl L Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Xuesi M Shao
- Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jing Liang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Proteomic Analysis of Retinal Tissue in an S100B Autoimmune Glaucoma Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 11:biology11010016. [PMID: 35053014 PMCID: PMC8773367 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that leads to damage of retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve. Patients display altered antibody profiles and increased antibody titer, e.g., against S100B. To identify the meaning of these antibodies, animals were immunized with S100B. Retinal ganglion cell loss, optic nerve degeneration, and increased glial cell activity were noted. Here, we aimed to gain more insights into the pathophysiology from a proteomic point of view. Hence, rats were immunized with S100B, while controls received sodium chloride. After 7 and 14 days, retinae were analyzed through mass spectrometry and immunohistology. Using data-independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry, we identified more than 1700 proteins on a high confidence level for both study groups, respectively. Of these 1700, 43 proteins were significantly altered in retinae after 7 days and 67 proteins revealed significant alterations at 14 days. For example, α2-macroglobulin was found significantly increased not only by mass spectrometry analysis, but also with immunohistological staining in S100B retinae at 7 and 14 days. All in all, the identified proteins are often associated with the immune system, such as heat shock protein 60. Once more, these data underline the important role of immunological factors in glaucoma pathogenesis.
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Lu X, Zhou M, Liu N, Zhang C, Zhao Z, Cai D. Synaptic Protein Phosphorylation Networks Are Associated With Electroacupuncture-Induced Circadian Control in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. Front Genet 2021; 12:762557. [PMID: 34976011 PMCID: PMC8717940 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications and regulates the physiological process. While recent studies highlight a major role of phosphorylation in the regulation of sleep–wake cycles to a lesser extent, the phosphoproteome in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is not well-understood. Herein, we reported that the EA treatment elicits partial reparation of circadian rhythmicity when mice were exposure to constant darkness for long time. We investigated the effects of EA on circadian rhythms in constant darkness between EA stimulation and free-running control. Next, mass spectrometry–based phosphoproteome was utilized to explore the molecular characteristics of EA-induced phosphorylation modification in the SCN. A total of 6,192 distinct phosphosites on 2,488 proteins were quantified. Functional annotation analysis and protein–protein interaction networks demonstrated the most significant enriched phosphor-proteins and phosphosites involved in postsynapse and glutamatergic synapse. The current data indicated that most of the altered molecules are structural proteins. The target proteins, NMDAR and CAMK2, were selected for verification, consistent with the results of LC–MS/MS. These findings revealed a complete profile of phosphorylation modification in response to EA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dingjun Cai
- *Correspondence: Zhengyu Zhao, ; Dingjun Cai,
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Servetti M, Pisciotta L, Tassano E, Cerminara M, Nobili L, Boeri S, Rosti G, Lerone M, Divizia MT, Ronchetto P, Puliti A. Neurodevelopmental Disorders in Patients With Complex Phenotypes and Potential Complex Genetic Basis Involving Non-Coding Genes, and Double CNVs. Front Genet 2021; 12:732002. [PMID: 34621295 PMCID: PMC8490884 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.732002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a heterogeneous class of brain diseases, with a complex genetic basis estimated to account for up to 50% of cases. Nevertheless, genetic diagnostic yield is about 20%. Array-comparative genomic hybridization (array-CGH) is an established first-level diagnostic test able to detect pathogenic copy number variants (CNVs), however, most identified variants remain of uncertain significance (VUS). Failure of interpretation of VUSs may depend on various factors, including complexity of clinical phenotypes and inconsistency of genotype-phenotype correlations. Indeed, although most NDD-associated CNVs are de novo, transmission from unaffected parents to affected children of CNVs with high risk for NDDs has been observed. Moreover, variability of genetic components overlapped by CNVs, such as long non-coding genes, genomic regions with long-range effects, and additive effects of multiple CNVs can make CNV interpretation challenging. We report on 12 patients with complex phenotypes possibly explained by complex genetic mechanisms, including involvement of antisense genes and boundaries of topologically associating domains. Eight among the 12 patients carried two CNVs, either de novo or inherited, respectively, by each of their healthy parents, that could additively contribute to the patients’ phenotype. CNVs overlapped either known NDD-associated or novel candidate genes (PTPRD, BUD13, GLRA3, MIR4465, ABHD4, and WSCD2). Bioinformatic enrichment analyses showed that genes overlapped by the co-occurring CNVs have synergistic roles in biological processes fundamental in neurodevelopment. Double CNVs could concur in producing deleterious effects, according to a two-hit model, thus explaining the patients’ phenotypes and the incomplete penetrance, and variable expressivity, associated with the single variants. Overall, our findings could contribute to the knowledge on clinical and genetic diagnosis of complex forms of NDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Servetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Livia Pisciotta
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Tassano
- Human Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Cerminara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Silvia Boeri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Rosti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Margherita Lerone
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Ronchetto
- Human Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Aldamaria Puliti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DiNOGMI), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.,Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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35
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Omran AJA, Shao AS, Watanabe S, Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xue C, Watanabe J, Davies DL, Shao XM, Liang J. Social Isolation Induces Neuroinflammation And Microglia Overactivation, While Dihydromyricetin Prevents And Improves Them. RESEARCH SQUARE 2021. [PMID: 34611661 PMCID: PMC8491854 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-923871/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental illnesses in the U.S. and are estimated to consume one-third of the country’s mental health treatment cost. Although anxiolytic therapies are available, many patients still exhibit treatment-resistance, relapse, or substantial side effects. Further, due to the COVID-19 pandemic and stay-at-home order, social isolation, fear of the pandemic, and unprecedented times, the incidence of anxiety has dramatically increased. Previously, we have demonstrated dihydromyricetin (DHM), the major bioactive flavonoid extracted from Ampelopsis grossedentata, exhibits anxiolytic properties in a mouse model of social isolation-induced anxiety. Because GABAergic transmission modulates the immune system in addition to the inhibitory signal transmission, we investigated the effects of short-term social isolation on the neuroimmune system. Methods: Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were housed under absolute social isolation for 4 weeks. The anxiety like behaviors after DHM treatment were examined using elevated plus maze and open field behavioral tests. Gephyrin protein expression, microglial profile changes, NF-κB pathway activation, cytokine level, and serum corticosterone were measured. Results: Socially isolated mice showed increased anxiety levels, reduced exploratory behaviors, and reduced gephyrin levels. Also, a dynamic alteration in hippocampal microglia were detected illustrated as a decline in microglia number and overactivation as determined by significant morphological changes including decreases in lacunarity, perimeter, and cell size and increase in cell density. Moreover, social isolation also induced an increase in serum corticosterone level and activation in NF-κB pathway. Notably, DHM treatment counteracted these changes. Conclusion: The results suggest that social isolation contributes to neuroinflammation, while DHM has the ability to restore neuroinflammatory changes induced by anxiety.
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Ste20-like Kinase Is Critical for Inhibitory Synapse Maintenance and Its Deficiency Confers a Developmental Dendritopathy. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8111-8125. [PMID: 34400520 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0352-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The size and structure of the dendritic arbor play important roles in determining how synaptic inputs of neurons are converted to action potential output. The regulatory mechanisms governing the development of dendrites, however, are insufficiently understood. The evolutionary conserved Ste20/Hippo kinase pathway has been proposed to play an important role in regulating the formation and maintenance of dendritic architecture. A key element of this pathway, Ste20-like kinase (SLK), regulates cytoskeletal dynamics in non-neuronal cells and is strongly expressed throughout neuronal development. However, its function in neurons is unknown. We show that, during development of mouse cortical neurons, SLK has a surprisingly specific role for proper elaboration of higher, ≥ third-order dendrites both in male and in female mice. Moreover, we demonstrate that SLK is required to maintain excitation-inhibition balance. Specifically, SLK knockdown caused a selective loss of inhibitory synapses and functional inhibition after postnatal day 15, whereas excitatory neurotransmission was unaffected. Finally, we show that this mechanism may be relevant for human disease, as dysmorphic neurons within human cortical malformations revealed significant loss of SLK expression. Overall, the present data identify SLK as a key regulator of both dendritic complexity during development and inhibitory synapse maintenance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We show that dysmorphic neurons of human epileptogenic brain lesions have decreased levels of the Ste20-like kinase (SLK). Decreasing SLK expression in mouse neurons revealed that SLK has essential functions in forming the neuronal dendritic tree and in maintaining inhibitory connections with neighboring neurons.
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Kuljis DA, Micheva KD, Ray A, Wegner W, Bowman R, Madison DV, Willig KI, Barth AL. Gephyrin-Lacking PV Synapses on Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810032. [PMID: 34576197 PMCID: PMC8467468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gephyrin has long been thought of as a master regulator for inhibitory synapses, acting as a scaffold to organize γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAARs) at the post-synaptic density. Accordingly, gephyrin immunostaining has been used as an indicator of inhibitory synapses; despite this, the pan-synaptic localization of gephyrin to specific classes of inhibitory synapses has not been demonstrated. Genetically encoded fibronectin intrabodies generated with mRNA display (FingRs) against gephyrin (Gephyrin.FingR) reliably label endogenous gephyrin, and can be tagged with fluorophores for comprehensive synaptic quantitation and monitoring. Here we investigated input- and target-specific localization of gephyrin at a defined class of inhibitory synapse, using Gephyrin.FingR proteins tagged with EGFP in brain tissue from transgenic mice. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV) neuron presynaptic boutons labeled using Cre- dependent synaptophysin-tdTomato were aligned with postsynaptic Gephyrin.FingR puncta. We discovered that more than one-third of PV boutons adjacent to neocortical pyramidal (Pyr) cell somas lack postsynaptic gephyrin labeling. This finding was confirmed using correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy. Our findings suggest some inhibitory synapses may lack gephyrin. Gephyrin-lacking synapses may play an important role in dynamically regulating cell activity under different physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dika A. Kuljis
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Kristina D. Micheva
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (K.D.M.); (D.V.M.)
| | - Ajit Ray
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Waja Wegner
- Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (W.W.); (K.I.W.)
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ryan Bowman
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
| | - Daniel V. Madison
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; (K.D.M.); (D.V.M.)
| | - Katrin I. Willig
- Optical Nanoscopy in Neuroscience, Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany; (W.W.); (K.I.W.)
- Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alison L. Barth
- Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (D.A.K.); (A.R.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-412-268-1198
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El-Tallawy HN, Abuhamdah S, Nassar AY, Farghaly WMA, Saleem TH, Atta SA, Sayed AA, Tohamy AM, Hassan MH. Gephyrin and CYP2C9 Genetic Polymorphisms in Patients with Pharmacoresistant Epilepsy. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1133-1140. [PMID: 34526803 PMCID: PMC8437390 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s327808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Gephyrin (GPHN) is an essential protein in the regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic density and polymorphism in the corresponding gene may have a role in the development of pharmacoresistant epilepsy (PRE). For the first time, we aimed to evaluate the association of rs928553T/C variants with PRE susceptibility. Moreover, we have analyzed the genetic polymorphism affecting CYP2C9 “rs12782374G/A” in the same population to detect the effect of SNP on the drug-metabolizing ability of patients with PRE. Patients and Methods This case-control study enrolled 100 patients (group A) and 100 healthy, age and sex-matched controls, unrelated to patients (group B). TaqMan™ assays using real-time PCR were run for genotyping of rs928553T/C and rs12782374G/A in all participants. Results GPHN T>C polymorphism revealed significant risk association with occurrence of PRE using dominant, recessive and codominant models as follows: TT vs (TC+CC): OR 0.23, 95%CI: 0.13–0.43, P<0.001. In addition, (TT+TC vs CC): OR 0.38, 95%CI: 0.18–0.77, P<0.001. Also, T vs C (OR 0.34, 95%CI: 0.22–0.51, P=<0.001). Similarly, CYP2C9 G>A polymorphism showed a significant increased risk of PRE (GG vs (GA+AA): OR 0.11, 95%CI: 0.05–0.23, P<0.001). Furthermore, (GG+GA vs AA): OR 0.18, 95%CI: 0.084–0.39, P<0.001. Also, G vs A (OR 0.24, 95%CI: 0.15–0.366, P=<0.001). Conclusion Mutation of both GPHN (rs928553) and CYP2C9 (rs1278237) genes may be implicated as a genetic mediators of resistance in patients with PRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy N El-Tallawy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sawsan Abuhamdah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Y Nassar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wafaa M A Farghaly
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Tahia H Saleem
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sara A Atta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayat A Sayed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Amal M Tohamy
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohammed H Hassan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, 83523, Egypt
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Allegra A, Sant'Antonio E, Musolino C, Ettari R. New insights into neuropeptides regulation of immune system and hemopoiesis: effects on hematologic malignancies. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2412-2437. [PMID: 34521320 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210914120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several neurotransmitters and neuropeptides were reported to join to or to cooperate with different cells of the immune system, bone marrow, and peripheral cells and numerous data support that neuroactive molecules might control immune system activity and hemopoiesis operating on lymphoid organs, and the primary hematopoietic unit, the hematopoietic niche. Furthermore, many compounds seem to be able to take part to the leukemogenesis and lymphomagenesis process, and in the onset of multiple myeloma. In this review, we will assess the possibility that neurotransmitters and neuropeptides may have a role in the onset of haematological neoplasms, may affect the response to treatment or may represent a useful starting point for a new therapeutic approach. More in vivo investigations are needed to evaluate neuropeptide's role in haematological malignancies and the possible utilization as an antitumor therapeutic target. Comprehending the effect of the pharmacological administration of neuropeptide modulators on hematologic malignancies opens up new possibilities in curing clonal hematologic diseases to achieve more satisfactory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | | | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood, University of Messina. Italy
| | - Roberta Ettari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Chemistry, University of Messina. Italy
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40
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Ghit A, Assal D, Al-Shami AS, Hussein DEE. GABA A receptors: structure, function, pharmacology, and related disorders. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2021; 19:123. [PMID: 34417930 PMCID: PMC8380214 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background γ-Aminobutyric acid sub-type A receptors (GABAARs) are the most prominent inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS. They are a family of ligand-gated ion channel with significant physiological and therapeutic implications. Main body GABAARs are heteropentamers formed from a selection of 19 subunits: six α (alpha1-6), three β (beta1-3), three γ (gamma1-3), three ρ (rho1-3), and one each of the δ (delta), ε (epsilon), π (pi), and θ (theta) which result in the production of a considerable number of receptor isoforms. Each isoform exhibits distinct pharmacological and physiological properties. However, the majority of GABAARs are composed of two α subunits, two β subunits, and one γ subunit arranged as γ2β2α1β2α1 counterclockwise around the center. The mature receptor has a central chloride ion channel gated by GABA neurotransmitter and modulated by a variety of different drugs. Changes in GABA synthesis or release may have a significant effect on normal brain function. Furthermore, The molecular interactions and pharmacological effects caused by drugs are extremely complex. This is due to the structural heterogeneity of the receptors, and the existence of multiple allosteric binding sites as well as a wide range of ligands that can bind to them. Notably, dysfunction of the GABAergic system contributes to the development of several diseases. Therefore, understanding the relationship between GABAA receptor deficits and CNS disorders thus has a significant impact on the discovery of disease pathogenesis and drug development. Conclusion To date, few reviews have discussed GABAA receptors in detail. Accordingly, this review aims to summarize the current understanding of the structural, physiological, and pharmacological properties of GABAARs, as well as shedding light on the most common associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghit
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Dina Assal
- Department of Biotechnology, American University in Cairo (AUC), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Al-Shami
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Diaa Eldin E Hussein
- Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Port of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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41
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Park J, Choi Y, Jung E, Lee S, Sohn J, Chung W. Microglial MERTK eliminates phosphatidylserine-displaying inhibitory post-synapses. EMBO J 2021; 40:e107121. [PMID: 34013588 PMCID: PMC8327958 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020107121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glia contribute to synapse elimination through phagocytosis in the central nervous system. Despite the important roles of this process in development and neurological disorders, the identity and regulation of the "eat-me" signal that initiates glia-mediated phagocytosis of synapses has remained incompletely understood. Here, we generated conditional knockout mice with neuronal-specific deletion of the flippase chaperone Cdc50a, to induce stable exposure of phosphatidylserine, a well-known "eat-me" signal for apoptotic cells, on the neuronal outer membrane. Surprisingly, acute Cdc50a deletion in mature neurons causes preferential phosphatidylserine exposure in neuronal somas and specific loss of inhibitory post-synapses without effects on other synapses, resulting in abnormal excitability and seizures. Ablation of microglia or the deletion of microglial phagocytic receptor Mertk prevents the loss of inhibitory post-synapses and the seizure phenotype, indicating that microglial phagocytosis is responsible for inhibitory post-synapse elimination. Moreover, we found that phosphatidylserine is used for microglia-mediated pruning of inhibitory post-synapses in normal brains, suggesting that phosphatidylserine serves as a general "eat-me" signal for inhibitory post-synapse elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjoo Park
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Yeeun Choi
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Eunji Jung
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Seung‐Hee Lee
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Jong‐Woo Sohn
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
| | - Won‐Suk Chung
- Department of Biological SciencesKorea Advanced Institute of Science and TechnologyDaejeonKorea
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42
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Inhibitory control in neuronal networks relies on the extracellular matrix integrity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:5647-5663. [PMID: 34128077 PMCID: PMC8257544 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitory control is essential for the regulation of neuronal network activity, where excitatory and inhibitory synapses can act synergistically, reciprocally, and antagonistically. Sustained excitation-inhibition (E-I) balance, therefore, relies on the orchestrated adjustment of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic strength. While growing evidence indicates that the brain’s extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial regulator of excitatory synapse plasticity, it remains unclear whether and how the ECM contributes to inhibitory control in neuronal networks. Here we studied the simultaneous changes in excitatory and inhibitory connectivity after ECM depletion. We demonstrate that the ECM supports the maintenance of E-I balance by retaining inhibitory connectivity. Quantification of synapses and super-resolution microscopy showed that depletion of the ECM in mature neuronal networks preferentially decreases the density of inhibitory synapses and the size of individual inhibitory postsynaptic scaffolds. The reduction of inhibitory synapse density is partially compensated by the homeostatically increasing synaptic strength via the reduction of presynaptic GABAB receptors, as indicated by patch-clamp measurements and GABAB receptor expression quantifications. However, both spiking and bursting activity in neuronal networks is increased after ECM depletion, as indicated by multi-electrode recordings. With computational modelling, we determined that ECM depletion reduces the inhibitory connectivity to an extent that the inhibitory synapse scaling does not fully compensate for the reduced inhibitory synapse density. Our results indicate that the brain’s ECM preserves the balanced state of neuronal networks by supporting inhibitory control via inhibitory synapse stabilization, which expands the current understanding of brain activity regulation. ![]()
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Graeve A, Ioannidou I, Reinhard J, Görl DM, Faissner A, Weiss LC. Brain volume increase and neuronal plasticity underly predator-induced morphological defense expression in Daphnia longicephala. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12612. [PMID: 34131219 PMCID: PMC8206331 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity describes the ability of prey to respond to an increased predation risk by developing adaptive phenotypes. Upon the perception of chemical predator cues, the freshwater crustacean Daphnia longicephala develops defensive crests against its predator Notonecta spec. (Heteroptera). Chemical predator perception initiates a cascade of biological reactions that leads to the development of these morphological features. Neuronal signaling is a central component in this series, however how the nervous system perceives and integrates environmental signals is not well understood. As neuronal activity is often accompanied by functional and structural plasticity of the nervous system, we hypothesized that predator perception is associated with structural and functional changes of nervous tissues. We observe structural plasticity as a volume increase of the central brain, which is independent of the total number of brain cells. In addition, we find functional plasticity in form of an increased number of inhibitory post-synaptic sites during the initial stage of defense development. Our results indicate a structural rewiring of nerve-cell connections upon predator perception and provide important insights into how the nervous system of prey species interprets predator cues and develops cost-benefit optimized defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Graeve
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - I Ioannidou
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - J Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - D M Görl
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - A Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - L C Weiss
- Department of Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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Zaręba-Kozioł M, Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek A, Roszkowska M, Bijata K, Figiel I, Halder AK, Kamińska P, Müller FE, Basu S, Zhang W, Ponimaskin E, Włodarczyk J. S-Palmitoylation of Synaptic Proteins as a Novel Mechanism Underlying Sex-Dependent Differences in Neuronal Plasticity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126253. [PMID: 34200797 PMCID: PMC8230572 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sex differences in the brain are prevalent, the knowledge about mechanisms underlying sex-related effects on normal and pathological brain functioning is rather poor. It is known that female and male brains differ in size and connectivity. Moreover, those differences are related to neuronal morphology, synaptic plasticity, and molecular signaling pathways. Among different processes assuring proper synapse functions are posttranslational modifications, and among them, S-palmitoylation (S-PALM) emerges as a crucial mechanism regulating synaptic integrity. Protein S-PALM is governed by a family of palmitoyl acyltransferases, also known as DHHC proteins. Here we focused on the sex-related functional importance of DHHC7 acyltransferase because of its S-PALM action over different synaptic proteins as well as sex steroid receptors. Using the mass spectrometry-based PANIMoni method, we identified sex-dependent differences in the S-PALM of synaptic proteins potentially involved in the regulation of membrane excitability and synaptic transmission as well as in the signaling of proteins involved in the structural plasticity of dendritic spines. To determine a mechanistic source for obtained sex-dependent changes in protein S-PALM, we analyzed synaptoneurosomes isolated from DHHC7-/- (DHHC7KO) female and male mice. Our data showed sex-dependent action of DHHC7 acyltransferase. Furthermore, we revealed that different S-PALM proteins control the same biological processes in male and female synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zaręba-Kozioł
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.-K.); (J.W.)
| | - Anna Bartkowiak-Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Matylda Roszkowska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Krystian Bijata
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Figiel
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Anup Kumar Halder
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (A.K.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Paulina Kamińska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
| | - Franziska E. Müller
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Subhadip Basu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jadvapur University, Kolkata 700032, India; (A.K.H.); (S.B.)
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Department of Mental Health, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1/A9, 48149 Munster, Germany;
| | - Evgeni Ponimaskin
- Cellular Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; (F.E.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Science, Pasteur Str. 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.-K.); (M.R.); (K.B.); (I.F.); (P.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.Z.-K.); (J.W.)
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45
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Sahadevan S, Hembach KM, Tantardini E, Pérez-Berlanga M, Hruska-Plochan M, Megat S, Weber J, Schwarz P, Dupuis L, Robinson MD, De Rossi P, Polymenidou M. Synaptic FUS accumulation triggers early misregulation of synaptic RNAs in a mouse model of ALS. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3027. [PMID: 34021139 PMCID: PMC8140117 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23188-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations disrupting the nuclear localization of the RNA-binding protein FUS characterize a subset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients (ALS-FUS). FUS regulates nuclear RNAs, but its role at the synapse is poorly understood. Using super-resolution imaging we determined that the localization of FUS within synapses occurs predominantly near the vesicle reserve pool of presynaptic sites. Using CLIP-seq on synaptoneurosomes, we identified synaptic FUS RNA targets, encoding proteins associated with synapse organization and plasticity. Significant increase of synaptic FUS during early disease in a mouse model of ALS was accompanied by alterations in density and size of GABAergic synapses. mRNAs abnormally accumulated at the synapses of 6-month-old ALS-FUS mice were enriched for FUS targets and correlated with those depicting increased short-term mRNA stability via binding primarily on multiple exonic sites. Our study indicates that synaptic FUS accumulation in early disease leads to synaptic impairment, potentially representing an initial trigger of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Sahadevan
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina M Hembach
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tantardini
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Salim Megat
- Inserm, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Weber
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Petra Schwarz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Inserm, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Pierre De Rossi
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Scekic-Zahirovic J, Sanjuan-Ruiz I, Kan V, Megat S, De Rossi P, Dieterlé S, Cassel R, Jamet M, Kessler P, Wiesner D, Tzeplaeff L, Demais V, Sahadevan S, Hembach KM, Muller HP, Picchiarelli G, Mishra N, Antonucci S, Dirrig-Grosch S, Kassubek J, Rasche V, Ludolph A, Boutillier AL, Roselli F, Polymenidou M, Lagier-Tourenne C, Liebscher S, Dupuis L. Cytoplasmic FUS triggers early behavioral alterations linked to cortical neuronal hyperactivity and inhibitory synaptic defects. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3028. [PMID: 34021132 PMCID: PMC8140148 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene mutations causing cytoplasmic mislocalization of the RNA-binding protein FUS lead to severe forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Cytoplasmic accumulation of FUS is also observed in other diseases, with unknown consequences. Here, we show that cytoplasmic mislocalization of FUS drives behavioral abnormalities in knock-in mice, including locomotor hyperactivity and alterations in social interactions, in the absence of widespread neuronal loss. Mechanistically, we identified a progressive increase in neuronal activity in the frontal cortex of Fus knock-in mice in vivo, associated with altered synaptic gene expression. Synaptic ultrastructural and morphological defects were more pronounced in inhibitory than excitatory synapses and associated with increased synaptosomal levels of FUS and its RNA targets. Thus, cytoplasmic FUS triggers synaptic deficits, which is leading to increased neuronal activity in frontal cortex and causing related behavioral phenotypes. These results indicate that FUS mislocalization may trigger deleterious phenotypes beyond motor neuron impairment in ALS, likely relevant also for other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by FUS mislocalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Scekic-Zahirovic
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Inmaculada Sanjuan-Ruiz
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vanessa Kan
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Salim Megat
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre De Rossi
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Dieterlé
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Raphaelle Cassel
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Marguerite Jamet
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Pascal Kessler
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Unité mixte de service du CRBS, UMS 038, Strasbourg, France
| | - Diana Wiesner
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Laura Tzeplaeff
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Valérie Demais
- Plateforme Imagerie In Vitro, CNRS UPS-3156, NeuroPôle, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sonu Sahadevan
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina M Hembach
- Department of Quantitative Biomedicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Gina Picchiarelli
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nibha Mishra
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stefano Antonucci
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Sylvie Dirrig-Grosch
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Volker Rasche
- Ulm University Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine II, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Anne-Laurence Boutillier
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7364 CNRS, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), Strasbourg, France
| | - Francesco Roselli
- Department of Neurology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clotilde Lagier-Tourenne
- Department of Neurology, The Sean M. Healey and AMG Center for ALS at Mass General, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Harvard University and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sabine Liebscher
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, Klinikum der Universität München, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- BioMedical Center, Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany.
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany.
| | - Luc Dupuis
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Mécanismes centraux et périphériques de la neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France.
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Imbalance of Excitatory/Inhibitory Neuron Differentiation in Neurodevelopmental Disorders with an NR2F1 Point Mutation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107521. [PMID: 32320667 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed an essential role for embryonic cortical development in the pathophysiology of neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the genetic basis and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we generate mutant human embryonic stem cell lines (Mut hESCs) carrying an NR2F1-R112K mutation that has been identified in a patient with ASD features and investigate their neurodevelopmental alterations. Mut hESCs overproduce ventral telencephalic neuron progenitors (ventral NPCs) and underproduce dorsal NPCs, causing the imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory neurons. These alterations can be mainly attributed to the aberrantly activated Hedgehog signaling pathway. Moreover, the corresponding Nr2f1 point-mutant mice display a similar excitatory/inhibitory neuron imbalance and abnormal behaviors. Antagonizing the increased inhibitory synaptic transmission partially alleviates their behavioral deficits. Together, our results suggest that the NR2F1-dependent imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory neuron differentiation caused by the activated Hedgehog pathway is one precursor of neurodevelopmental disorders and may enlighten the therapeutic approaches.
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Marks WD, Paris JJ, Barbour AJ, Moon J, Carpenter VJ, McLane VD, Lark ARS, Nass SR, Zhang J, Yarotskyy V, McQuiston AR, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. HIV-1 Tat and Morphine Differentially Disrupt Pyramidal Cell Structure and Function and Spatial Learning in Hippocampal Area CA1: Continuous versus Interrupted Morphine Exposure. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0547-20.2021. [PMID: 33782102 PMCID: PMC8146490 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0547-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
About half the people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have neurocognitive deficits that often include memory impairment and hippocampal deficits, which can be exacerbated by opioid abuse. To explore the effects of opioids and HIV on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuron structure and function, we induced HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) expression in transgenic mice for 14 d and co-administered time-release morphine or vehicle subcutaneous implants during the final 5 d (days 9-14) to establish steady-state morphine levels. Morphine was withheld from some ex vivo slices during recordings to begin to assess the initial pharmacokinetic consequences of opioid withdrawal. Tat expression reduced hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neuronal excitability at lower stimulating currents. Pyramidal cell firing rates were unaffected by continuous morphine exposure. Behaviorally, exposure to Tat or high dosages of morphine impaired spatial memory Exposure to Tat and steady-state levels of morphine appeared to have largely independent effects on pyramidal neuron structure and function, a response that is distinct from other vulnerable brain regions such as the striatum. By contrast, acutely withholding morphine (from morphine-tolerant ex vivo slices) revealed unique and selective neuroadaptive shifts in CA1 pyramidal neuronal excitability and dendritic plasticity, including some interactions with Tat. Collectively, the results show that opioid-HIV interactions in hippocampal area CA1 are more nuanced than previously assumed, and appear to vary depending on the outcome assessed and on the pharmacokinetics of morphine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D Marks
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Jason J Paris
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, School of Pharmacy, University, MS 38677-1848
| | - Aaron J Barbour
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709
| | - Jean Moon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Valerie J Carpenter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Virginia D McLane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Arianna R S Lark
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Sara R Nass
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Jingli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - Viktor Yarotskyy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
| | - A Rory McQuiston
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0613
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709
- Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0709
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Parato J, Bartolini F. The microtubule cytoskeleton at the synapse. Neurosci Lett 2021; 753:135850. [PMID: 33775740 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In neurons, microtubules (MTs) provide routes for transport throughout the cell and structural support for dendrites and axons. Both stable and dynamic MTs are necessary for normal neuronal functions. Research in the last two decades has demonstrated that MTs play additional roles in synaptic structure and function in both pre- and postsynaptic elements. Here, we review current knowledge of the functions that MTs perform in excitatory and inhibitory synapses, as well as in the neuromuscular junction and other specialized synapses, and discuss the implications that this knowledge may have in neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Parato
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, 630 West 168(th)Street, P&S 15-421, NY, NY, 10032, United States; SUNY Empire State College, Department of Natural Sciences, 177 Livingston Street, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, United States
| | - Francesca Bartolini
- Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, 630 West 168(th)Street, P&S 15-421, NY, NY, 10032, United States.
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50
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Bai G, Wang Y, Zhang M. Gephyrin-mediated formation of inhibitory postsynaptic density sheet via phase separation. Cell Res 2021; 31:312-325. [PMID: 33139925 PMCID: PMC8027005 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-00433-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory synapses are also known as symmetric synapses due to their lack of prominent postsynaptic densities (PSDs) under a conventional electron microscope (EM). Recent cryo-EM tomography studies indicated that inhibitory synapses also contain PSDs, albeit with a rather thin sheet-like structure. It is not known how such inhibitory PSD (iPSD) sheet might form. Here, we demonstrate that the key inhibitory synapse scaffold protein gephyrin, when in complex with either glycine or GABAA receptors, spontaneously forms highly condensed molecular assemblies via phase separation both in solution and on supported membrane bilayers. Multivalent and specific interactions between the dimeric E-domain of gephyrin and the glycine/GABAA receptor multimer are essential for the iPSD condensate formation. Gephyrin alone does not form condensates. The linker between the G- and E-domains of gephyrin inhibits the iPSD condensate formation via autoinhibition. Phosphorylation of specific residues in the linker or binding of target proteins such as dynein light chain to the linker domain regulates gephyrin-mediated glycine/GABAA receptor clustering. Thus, analogous to excitatory PSDs, iPSDs are also formed by phase separation-mediated condensation of scaffold protein/neurotransmitter receptor complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanhua Bai
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Yu Wang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China ,grid.24515.370000 0004 1937 1450Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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