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Nguyen LT, Pollock CA, Saad S. Extraction of high quality and high yield RNA from frozen EDTA blood. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8628. [PMID: 38622175 PMCID: PMC11018810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58576-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood RNA profiling, which can reveal systemic changes in gene expression and immune responses to disease onset and progression, is a powerful tool for diagnosis and biomarker discovery. This technique usually requires high quality RNA, which is only obtainable from fresh blood, or frozen blood that has been collected in special RNA-stabilisation systems. The current study aimed to develop a novel protocol to extract high quality RNA from frozen blood that had been collected in the conventional EDTA tubes. We determined that thawing EDTA blood in the presence of cell lysis/RNA stabilisation buffers (Paxgene or Nucleospin) significantly improved RNA quality (RIN) from below 5 to above 7, which to date has not been shown possible. The EDTA-Nucleospin protocol resulted in 5 times higher yield than the EDTA-Paxgene-PreAnalytix method. The average RIN and mRNA expression levels of five different genes including 18 s, ACTB, MCP1, TNFa and TXNIP using this protocol were also indifferent to those from Paxgene blood, suggesting similar RNA quality and blood transcriptome. Moreover, the protocol allows DNA to be extracted simultaneously. In conclusion, we have developed a practical and efficient protocol to extract high quality, high yield RNA from frozen EDTA blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long T Nguyen
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Renal Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
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2
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Carré A, Zhou Z, Perez-Hernandez J, Samassa F, Lekka C, Manganaro A, Oshima M, Liao H, Parker R, Nicastri A, Brandao B, Colli ML, Eizirik DL, Göransson M, Morales OB, Anderson A, Landry L, Kobaisi F, Scharfmann R, Marselli L, Marchetti P, You S, Nakayama M, Hadrup SR, Kent SC, Richardson SJ, Ternette N, Mallone R. Interferon-α promotes neo-antigen formation and preferential HLA-B-restricted antigen presentation in pancreatic β-cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.15.557918. [PMID: 37745505 PMCID: PMC10516036 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.15.557918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Interferon (IFN)-α is the earliest cytokine signature observed in individuals at risk for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but its effect on the repertoire of HLA Class I (HLA-I)-bound peptides presented by pancreatic β-cells is unknown. Using immunopeptidomics, we characterized the peptide/HLA-I presentation in in-vitro resting and IFN-α-exposed β-cells. IFN-α increased HLA-I expression and peptide presentation, including neo-sequences derived from alternative mRNA splicing, post-translational modifications - notably glutathionylation - and protein cis-splicing. This antigenic landscape relied on processing by both the constitutive and immune proteasome. The resting β-cell immunopeptidome was dominated by HLA-A-restricted ligands. However, IFN-α only marginally upregulated HLA-A and largely favored HLA-B, translating into a major increase in HLA-B-restricted peptides and into an increased activation of HLA-B-restricted vs. HLA-A-restricted CD8+ T-cells. A preferential HLA-B hyper-expression was also observed in the islets of T1D vs. non-diabetic donors, and we identified islet-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells from T1D donors reactive to HLA-B-restricted granule peptides. Thus, the inflammatory milieu of insulitis may skew the autoimmune response toward epitopes presented by HLA-B, hence recruiting a distinct T-cell repertoire that may be relevant to T1D pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Carré
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Javier Perez-Hernandez
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Valencian International University (VIU), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Christiana Lekka
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Anthony Manganaro
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Masaya Oshima
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Hanqing Liao
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Parker
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Annalisa Nicastri
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Barbara Brandao
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Maikel L. Colli
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marcus Göransson
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Amanda Anderson
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Laurie Landry
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Farah Kobaisi
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Lorella Marselli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Sylvaine You
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maki Nakayama
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sine R. Hadrup
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sally C. Kent
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sarah J. Richardson
- Islet Biology Group, Exeter Centre of Excellence in Diabetes Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Nicola Ternette
- Centre for Immuno-Oncology, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Roberto Mallone
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
- Indiana Biosciences Research Institute, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Diabétologie et Immunologie Clinique, Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
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3
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Suomi T, Starskaia I, Kalim UU, Rasool O, Jaakkola MK, Grönroos T, Välikangas T, Brorsson C, Mazzoni G, Bruggraber S, Overbergh L, Dunger D, Peakman M, Chmura P, Brunak S, Schulte AM, Mathieu C, Knip M, Lahesmaa R, Elo LL. Gene expression signature predicts rate of type 1 diabetes progression. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104625. [PMID: 37224769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes is a complex heterogenous autoimmune disease without therapeutic interventions available to prevent or reverse the disease. This study aimed to identify transcriptional changes associated with the disease progression in patients with recent-onset type 1 diabetes. METHODS Whole-blood samples were collected as part of the INNODIA study at baseline and 12 months after diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. We used linear mixed-effects modelling on RNA-seq data to identify genes associated with age, sex, or disease progression. Cell-type proportions were estimated from the RNA-seq data using computational deconvolution. Associations to clinical variables were estimated using Pearson's or point-biserial correlation for continuous and dichotomous variables, respectively, using only complete pairs of observations. FINDINGS We found that genes and pathways related to innate immunity were downregulated during the first year after diagnosis. Significant associations of the gene expression changes were found with ZnT8A autoantibody positivity. Rate of change in the expression of 16 genes between baseline and 12 months was found to predict the decline in C-peptide at 24 months. Interestingly and consistent with earlier reports, increased B cell levels and decreased neutrophil levels were associated with the rapid progression. INTERPRETATION There is considerable individual variation in the rate of progression from appearance of type 1 diabetes-specific autoantibodies to clinical disease. Patient stratification and prediction of disease progression can help in developing more personalised therapeutic strategies for different disease endotypes. FUNDING A full list of funding bodies can be found under Acknowledgments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Inna Starskaia
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah Kalim
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Maria K Jaakkola
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Toni Grönroos
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Caroline Brorsson
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Lut Overbergh
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - David Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, England, UK
| | - Mark Peakman
- Immunology & Inflammation Research Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, MA, USA
| | - Piotr Chmura
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Brunak
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Chantal Mathieu
- Katholieke Universiteit Leuven/Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mikael Knip
- Paediatric Research Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Tampere Centre for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland; InFLAMES Research Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
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Carry PM, Waugh K, Vanderlinden LA, Johnson RK, Buckner T, Rewers M, Steck AK, Yang I, Fingerlin TE, Kechris K, Norris JM. Changes in the Coexpression of Innate Immunity Genes During Persistent Islet Autoimmunity Are Associated With Progression of Islet Autoimmunity: Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY). Diabetes 2022; 71:2048-2057. [PMID: 35724268 PMCID: PMC9450568 DOI: 10.2337/db21-1111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal changes in gene expression during islet autoimmunity (IA) may provide insight into biological processes that explain progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D). We identified individuals from Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) who developed IA, autoantibodies present on two or more visits. Illumina's NovaSeq 6000 was used to quantify gene expression in whole blood. With linear mixed models we tested for changes in expression after IA that differed across individuals who progressed to T1D (progressors) (n = 25), reverted to an autoantibody-negative stage (reverters) (n = 47), or maintained IA positivity but did not develop T1D (maintainers) (n = 66). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to identify coexpression modules. Gene Ontology pathway analysis of the top 150 differentially expressed genes (nominal P < 0.01) identified significantly enriched pathways including leukocyte activation involved in immune response, innate immune response, and regulation of immune response. We identified a module of 14 coexpressed genes with roles in the innate immunity. The hub gene, LTF, is known to have immunomodulatory properties. Another gene within the module, CAMP, is potentially relevant based on its role in promoting β-cell survival in a murine model. Overall, results provide evidence of alterations in expression of innate immune genes prior to onset of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M. Carry
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Kathleen Waugh
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | | | - Randi K. Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Teresa Buckner
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ivana Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Tasha E. Fingerlin
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | | | - Jill M. Norris
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO
- Barbara Davis Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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5
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Valta M, Yoshihara M, Einarsdottir E, Pahkuri S, Ezer S, Katayama S, Knip M, Veijola R, Toppari J, Ilonen J, Kere J, Lempainen J. Viral infection-related gene upregulation in monocytes in children with signs of β-cell autoimmunity. Pediatr Diabetes 2022; 23:703-713. [PMID: 35419920 PMCID: PMC9545759 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is associated with genetic predisposition and immunological changes during presymptomatic disease. Differences in immune cell subset numbers and phenotypes between T1D patients and healthy controls have been described; however, the role and function of these changes in the pathogenesis is still unclear. Here we aimed to analyze the transcriptomic landscapes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) during presymptomatic disease. METHODS Transcriptomic differences in PBMCs were compared between cases positive for islet autoantibodies and autoantibody negative controls (9 case-control pairs) and further in monocytes and lymphocytes separately in autoantibody positive subjects and control subjects (25 case-control pairs). RESULTS No significant differential expression was found in either data set. However, when gene set enrichment analysis was performed, the gene sets "defence response to virus" (FDR <0.001, ranking 2), "response to virus" (FDR <0.001, ranking 3) and "response to type I interferon" (FDR = 0.002, ranking 12) were enriched in the upregulated genes among PBMCs in cases. Upon further analysis, this was also seen in monocytes in cases (FDR = 0.01, ranking 2; FDR = 0.04, ranking 3 and FDR = 0.02, ranking 1, respectively) but not in lymphocytes. CONCLUSION Gene set enrichment analysis of children with T1D-associated autoimmunity revealed changes in pathways relevant for virus infection in PBMCs, particularly in monocytes. Virus infections have been repeatedly implicated in the pathogenesis of T1D. These results support the viral hypothesis by suggesting altered immune activation of viral immune pathways in monocytes during diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla Valta
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Masahito Yoshihara
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Elisabet Einarsdottir
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Gene TechnologyKTH‐Royal Institute of TechnologySolnaSweden
| | - Sirpa Pahkuri
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Sini Ezer
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Pediatric Research Center, Children's HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland,Research Program for Clinical and Molecular MetabolismFaculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland,Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland,Department of PediatricsTampere University HospitalTampereFinland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC OuluOulu University Hospital and University of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of PediatricsUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Juha Kere
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden,Stem Cells and Metabolism Research ProgramUniversity of Helsinki, and Folkhälsan Research CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of BiomedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland,Department of PediatricsUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland,Clinical MicrobiologyTurku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Nekoua MP, Alidjinou EK, Hober D. Persistent coxsackievirus B infection and pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2022; 18:503-516. [PMID: 35650334 PMCID: PMC9157043 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-022-00688-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Enteroviruses are believed to trigger or accelerate islet autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals, thereby resulting in loss of functional insulin-producing β-cells and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Although enteroviruses are primarily involved in acute and lytic infections in vitro and in vivo, they can also establish a persistent infection. Prospective epidemiological studies have strongly associated the persistence of enteroviruses, especially coxsackievirus B (CVB), with the appearance of islet autoantibodies and an increased risk of T1DM. CVB can persist in pancreatic ductal and β-cells, which leads to structural or functional alterations of these cells, and to a chronic inflammatory response that promotes recruitment and activation of pre-existing autoreactive T cells and β-cell autoimmune destruction. CVB persistence in other sites, such as the intestine, blood cells and thymus, has been described; these sites could serve as a reservoir for infection or reinfection of the pancreas, and this persistence could have a role in the disturbance of tolerance to β-cells. This Review addresses the involvement of persistent enterovirus infection in triggering islet autoimmunity and T1DM, as well as current strategies to control enterovirus infections for preventing or reducing the risk of T1DM onset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Didier Hober
- Laboratoire de Virologie ULR3610, Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Lille, France.
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7
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Bediaga NG, Garnham AL, Naselli G, Bandala-Sanchez E, Stone NL, Cobb J, Harbison JE, Wentworth JM, Ziegler AG, Couper JJ, Smyth GK, Harrison LC. Cytotoxicity-Related Gene Expression and Chromatin Accessibility Define a Subset of CD4+ T Cells That Mark Progression to Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2022; 71:566-577. [PMID: 35007320 PMCID: PMC8893947 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes in children is heralded by a preclinical phase defined by circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islet antigens. How islet autoimmunity is initiated and then progresses to clinical diabetes remains poorly understood. Only one study has reported gene expression in specific immune cells of children at risk associated with progression to islet autoimmunity. We analyzed gene expression with RNA sequencing in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and B cells, and chromatin accessibility by assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) in CD4+ T cells, in five genetically at risk children with islet autoantibodies who progressed to diabetes over a median of 3 years ("progressors") compared with five children matched for sex, age, and HLA-DR who had not progressed ("nonprogressors"). In progressors, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were largely confined to CD4+ T cells and enriched for cytotoxicity-related genes/pathways. Several top-ranked DEGs were validated in a semi-independent cohort of 13 progressors and 11 nonprogressors. Flow cytometry confirmed that progression was associated with expansion of CD4+ cells with a cytotoxic phenotype. By ATAC-seq, progression was associated with reconfiguration of regulatory chromatin regions in CD4+ cells, some linked to differentially expressed cytotoxicity-related genes. Our findings suggest that cytotoxic CD4+ T cells play a role in promoting progression to type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara G. Bediaga
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Alexandra L. Garnham
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gaetano Naselli
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Esther Bandala-Sanchez
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Natalie L. Stone
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Joanna Cobb
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Harbison
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - John M. Wentworth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Annette-G. Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer J. Couper
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, North Adelaide, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gordon K. Smyth
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Leonard C. Harrison
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Corresponding author: Leonard C. Harrison,
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8
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Santos AS, Cunha-Neto E, Gonfinetti NV, Bertonha FB, Brochet P, Bergon A, Moreira-Filho CA, Chevillard C, da Silva MER. Prevalence of Inflammatory Pathways Over Immuno-Tolerance in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2022; 12:765264. [PMID: 35058920 PMCID: PMC8764313 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.765264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in innate and adaptive immunity occurring in/around pancreatic islets had been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of Caucasian T1D patients by some, but not all researchers. The aim of our study was to investigate whether gene expression patterns of PBMC of the highly admixed Brazilian population could add knowledge about T1D pathogenic mechanisms. Methods We assessed global gene expression in PBMC from two groups matched for age, sex and BMI: 20 patients with recent-onset T1D (≤ 6 months from diagnosis, in a time when the autoimmune process is still highly active), testing positive for one or more islet autoantibodies and 20 islet autoantibody-negative healthy controls. Results We identified 474 differentially expressed genes between groups. The most expressed genes in T1D group favored host defense, inflammatory and anti-bacterial/antiviral effects (LFT, DEFA4, DEFA1, CTSG, KCNMA1) and cell cycle progression. Several of the downregulated genes in T1D target cellular repair, control of inflammation and immune tolerance. They were related to T helper 2 pathway, induction of FOXP3 expression (AREG) and immune tolerance (SMAD6). SMAD6 expression correlated negatively with islet ZnT8 antibody. The expression of PDE12, that offers resistance to viral pathogens was decreased and negatively related to ZnT8A and GADA levels. The increased expression of long non coding RNAs MALAT1 and NEAT1, related to inflammatory mediators, autoimmune diseases and innate immune response against viral infections reinforced these data. Conclusions Our analysis suggested the activation of cell development, anti-infectious and inflammatory pathways, indicating immune activation, whereas immune-regulatory pathways were downregulated in PBMC from recent-onset T1D patients with a differential genetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aritania Sousa Santos
- Laboratorio de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios LIM 18, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edécio Cunha-Neto
- Laboratory of Immunology, Heart Institute, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pauline Brochet
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
| | - Aurelie Bergon
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
| | | | - Christophe Chevillard
- Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, TAGC Theories and Approaches of Genomic Complexity, INSERM, UMR_1090, Marseille, France
| | - Maria Elizabeth Rossi da Silva
- Laboratorio de Carboidratos e Radioimunoensaios LIM 18, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo Hospital of Clinics, São Paulo, Brazil
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Houeiss P, Luce S, Boitard C. Environmental Triggering of Type 1 Diabetes Autoimmunity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:933965. [PMID: 35937815 PMCID: PMC9353023 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.933965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which pancreatic islet β cells are destroyed by immune cells, ultimately leading to overt diabetes. The progressive increase in T1D incidence over the years points to the role of environmental factors in triggering or accelerating the disease process which develops on a highly multigenic susceptibility background. Evidence that environmental factors induce T1D has mostly been obtained in animal models. In the human, associations between viruses, dietary habits or changes in the microbiota and the development of islet cell autoantibodies or overt diabetes have been reported. So far, prediction of T1D development is mostly based on autoantibody detection. Future work should focus on identifying a causality between the different environmental risk factors and T1D development to improve prediction scores. This should allow developing preventive strategies to limit the T1D burden in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Houeiss
- Laboratory Immunology of Diabetes, Department EMD, Cochin Institute, INSERMU1016, Paris, France
- Medical Faculty, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Luce
- Laboratory Immunology of Diabetes, Department EMD, Cochin Institute, INSERMU1016, Paris, France
- Medical Faculty, Paris University, Paris, France
| | - Christian Boitard
- Laboratory Immunology of Diabetes, Department EMD, Cochin Institute, INSERMU1016, Paris, France
- Medical Faculty, Paris University, Paris, France
- *Correspondence: Christian Boitard,
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10
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Type I interferons as key players in pancreatic β-cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 359:1-80. [PMID: 33832648 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by pancreatic islet inflammation (insulitis) and specific pancreatic β-cell destruction by an immune attack. Although the precise underlying mechanisms leading to the autoimmune assault remain poorly understood, it is well accepted that insulitis takes place in the context of a conflicting dialogue between pancreatic β-cells and the immune cells. Moreover, both host genetic background (i.e., candidate genes) and environmental factors (e.g., viral infections) contribute to this inadequate dialogue. Accumulating evidence indicates that type I interferons (IFNs), cytokines that are crucial for both innate and adaptive immune responses, act as key links between environmental and genetic risk factors in the development of T1D. This chapter summarizes some relevant pathways involved in β-cell dysfunction and death, and briefly reviews how enteroviral infections and genetic susceptibility can impact insulitis. Moreover, we present the current evidence showing that, in β-cells, type I IFN signaling pathway activation leads to several outcomes, such as long-lasting major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I hyperexpression, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, epigenetic changes, and induction of posttranscriptional as well as posttranslational modifications. MHC class I overexpression, when combined with ER stress and posttranscriptional/posttranslational modifications, might lead to sustained neoantigen presentation to immune system and β-cell apoptosis. This knowledge supports the concept that type I IFNs are implicated in the early stages of T1D pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight the promising therapeutic avenues for T1D treatment directed at type I IFN signaling pathway.
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11
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Müller JA, Groß R, Conzelmann C, Krüger J, Merle U, Steinhart J, Weil T, Koepke L, Bozzo CP, Read C, Fois G, Eiseler T, Gehrmann J, van Vuuren J, Wessbecher IM, Frick M, Costa IG, Breunig M, Grüner B, Peters L, Schuster M, Liebau S, Seufferlein T, Stenger S, Stenzinger A, MacDonald PE, Kirchhoff F, Sparrer KMJ, Walther P, Lickert H, Barth TFE, Wagner M, Münch J, Heller S, Kleger A. SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cells of the human endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Nat Metab 2021; 3:149-165. [PMID: 33536639 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00347-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 326] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection-related diabetes can arise as a result of virus-associated β-cell destruction. Clinical data suggest that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), impairs glucose homoeostasis, but experimental evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect pancreatic tissue has been lacking. In the present study, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infects cells of the human exocrine and endocrine pancreas ex vivo and in vivo. We demonstrate that human β-cells express viral entry proteins, and SARS-CoV-2 infects and replicates in cultured human islets. Infection is associated with morphological, transcriptional and functional changes, including reduced numbers of insulin-secretory granules in β-cells and impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. In COVID-19 full-body postmortem examinations, we detected SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein in pancreatic exocrine cells, and in cells that stain positive for the β-cell marker NKX6.1 and are in close proximity to the islets of Langerhans in all four patients investigated. Our data identify the human pancreas as a target of SARS-CoV-2 infection and suggest that β-cell infection could contribute to the metabolic dysregulation observed in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janis A Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Groß
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Carina Conzelmann
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jana Krüger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Tatjana Weil
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lennart Koepke
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clarissa Read
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giorgio Fois
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Eiseler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia Gehrmann
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joanne van Vuuren
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Isabel M Wessbecher
- Tissue Bank of the German Center for Infection Research, Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Manfred Frick
- Institute of General Physiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Markus Breunig
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Beate Grüner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lynn Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Schuster
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Stenger
- Institute for Microbiology and Hygiene, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Alberta Diabetes Institute and Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Sandra Heller
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany.
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12
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A clinically validated human capillary blood transcriptome test for global systems biology studies. Biotechniques 2020; 69:289-301. [PMID: 32772558 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent and treat chronic diseases, including cancer, a global application of systems biology is needed. We report here a whole blood transcriptome test that needs only 50 μl of capillary (fingerprick) blood. This test is suitable for global applications because the samples are preserved at ambient temperature for up to 4 weeks and the RNA preservative inactivates all pathogens, enabling safe transportation. Both the laboratory and bioinformatic steps are automated and performed in a clinical lab, which minimizes batch effects and creates unbiased datasets. Given its clinical testing performance and accessibility to traditionally underrepresented and diverse populations, this test offers a unique ability to reveal molecular mechanisms of disease and enable longitudinal, population-scale studies.
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13
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Kallionpää H, Somani J, Tuomela S, Ullah U, de Albuquerque R, Lönnberg T, Komsi E, Siljander H, Honkanen J, Härkönen T, Peet A, Tillmann V, Chandra V, Anagandula MK, Frisk G, Otonkoski T, Rasool O, Lund R, Lähdesmäki H, Knip M, Lahesmaa R. Early Detection of Peripheral Blood Cell Signature in Children Developing β-Cell Autoimmunity at a Young Age. Diabetes 2019; 68:2024-2034. [PMID: 31311800 DOI: 10.2337/db19-0287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of type 1 diabetes (T1D)-associated autoantibodies is the first and only measurable parameter to predict progression toward T1D in genetically susceptible individuals. However, autoantibodies indicate an active autoimmune reaction, wherein the immune tolerance is already broken. Therefore, there is a clear and urgent need for new biomarkers that predict the onset of the autoimmune reaction preceding autoantibody positivity or reflect progressive β-cell destruction. Here we report the mRNA sequencing-based analysis of 306 samples including fractionated samples of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells as well as CD4-CD8- cell fractions and unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples longitudinally collected from seven children who developed β-cell autoimmunity (case subjects) at a young age and matched control subjects. We identified transcripts, including interleukin 32 (IL32), that were upregulated before T1D-associated autoantibodies appeared. Single-cell RNA sequencing studies revealed that high IL32 in case samples was contributed mainly by activated T cells and NK cells. Further, we showed that IL32 expression can be induced by a virus and cytokines in pancreatic islets and β-cells, respectively. The results provide a basis for early detection of aberrations in the immune system function before T1D and suggest a potential role for IL32 in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Kallionpää
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Juhi Somani
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Soile Tuomela
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Ubaid Ullah
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Rafael de Albuquerque
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Elina Komsi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Heli Siljander
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarno Honkanen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Härkönen
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksandr Peet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Children's Clinic of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vallo Tillmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Children's Clinic of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Vikash Chandra
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Gun Frisk
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Timo Otonkoski
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Molecular Neurology and Biomedicum Stem Cell Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Omid Rasool
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Lund
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Espoo, Finland
| | - Mikael Knip
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Tampere Center for Child Health Research, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
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14
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Changes in Gene Expression of Selected Genes in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes and Pancreas Transplant in Peripheral Blood. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:2787-2792. [PMID: 31445766 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is an autoimmunologic disease that may have a different background. The aim of our study was to show that type 1 diabetes is accompanied by changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We analyzed the genes characteristic of pancreatic islet cells and genes playing a big part in autoimmune diseases and cancer. DESIGN The study included 21 patients and was performed to examine the expression of 9 genes. The patients were divided into 3 research groups: people with type 1 diabetes, people with diabetes after pancreas transplant, and a control group of healthy patients. To assess the level of expression, RNA material was obtained from peripheral blood collected from individuals qualified for the study. RESULTS The results of the study showed many interesting changes in the expression level of the analyzed genes. It was demonstrated that CASR gene expression was significantly higher in transplant patients than in diabetic patients. Differences in the level of activity are also noted in genes that take part in autoimmune diseases. PROPOSAL Profiling gene expression in peripheral blood samples may be a useful and noninvasive diagnostic tool that allows early detection of changes leading to the onset or resumption of diabetes.
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15
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Li P, Zhang N, Ping F, Gao Y, Cao L. lncRNA SCAL1 inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase in lung cells under high-glucose conditions. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:1831-1836. [PMID: 31410144 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are one of the most common target organs of diabetic injury in patients with diabetes. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) smoke and cancer-associated lncRNA 1 (SCAL1), also known as lung cancer associated transcript 1 (LUCAT1), is known to have a pivotal role in lung cancer. The aim of the current study was to investigate the potential involvement of SCAL1 in diabetic lung disease. The expression levels of SCAL1 were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR in serum samples from healthy controls (n=40), diabetic patients without lung disease (n=56) and diabetic patients with diabetic lung disease (n=44). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum SCAL1 in discriminating diabetic patients with diabetic lung disease from diabetic patients without lung disease and healthy controls. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to examine the correlation between SCAL1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression levels in blood and lung tissue samples. Expression levels of iNOS and NO production following treatment with high (30 mM) glucose were examined by western blot analysis and NO assay, respectively. The expression levels of SCAL1 were significantly downregulated in diabetic patients with diabetic lung disease, and downregulated serum expression levels of SCAL1 effectively distinguished diabetic patients with diabetic lung disease from diabetic patients without lung disease and healthy controls. Treatment with high glucose significantly upregulated SCAL1 expression in normal lung cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of SCAL1 inhibited iNOS protein expression and reduced NO production in cells treated with high glucose. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that lncRNA SCAL1 inhibits iNOS protein expression in lung cells under high-glucose conditions, which suggests that SCAL1 may have potential in the treatment of patients with diabetic lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- Department of Gerontology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Gerontology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Fen Ping
- Department of Gerontology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Gao
- Department of Gerontology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Gerontology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
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16
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Common functional alterations identified in blood transcriptome of autoimmune cholestatic liver and inflammatory bowel diseases. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7190. [PMID: 31076612 PMCID: PMC6510750 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are heterogeneous chronic autoimmune diseases that may share underlying pathogenic mechanisms. Herein, we compared simultaneously analyzed blood transcriptomes from patients with PBC, PSC, and IBD. Microarray-based measurements were conducted using RNA isolated from whole blood samples from 90, 45, 95 and 93 patients with PBC, PSC, CD, and UC, respectively, and 47 healthy controls. Expression levels of selected transcripts were analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcribed PCR using an independent cohort of 292, 71 and 727 patients with PBC, PSC, and IBD, respectively. Of 4026, 2650 and 4967 probe sets differentially expressed (adjusted p-value < 0.05) in samples from patients with PBC, PSC, and IBD, respectively, compared with healthy controls, 1946 were common to all three comparisons. Functional analyses indicated that most terms enriched for genes differentially expressed in PBC, PSC, and IBD patients compared with healthy controls were related to mitochondrial function, the vesicle endomembrane system, and GTPase-mediated processes. This study indicates that microarray-based profiling of blood gene expression supports research into the molecular mechanisms underlying disease, rather than being useful for selection of diagnostic biomarkers for use in clinical practice.
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17
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Lombardi A, Tsomos E, Hammerstad SS, Tomer Y. Interferon alpha: The key trigger of type 1 diabetes. J Autoimmun 2018; 94:7-15. [PMID: 30115527 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
IFNα is a cytokine essential to a vast array of immunologic processes. Its induction early in the innate immune response provides a priming mechanism that orchestrates numerous subsequent pathways in innate and adaptive immunity. Despite its beneficial effects in viral infections IFNα has been reported to be associated with several autoimmune diseases including autoimmune thyroid disease, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, primary biliary cholangitis, and recently emerged as a major cytokine that triggers Type 1 Diabetes. In this review, we dissect the role of IFNα in T1D, focusing on the potential pathophysiological mechanisms involved. Evidence from human and mouse studies indicates that IFNα plays a key role in enhancing islet expression of HLA-I in patients with T1D, thereby increasing autoantigen presentation and beta cell activation of autoreactive cytotoxic CD8 T-lymphocytes. The binding of IFNα to its receptor induces the secretion of chemokines, attracting monocytes, T lymphocytes, and NK cells to the infected tissue triggering autoimmunity in susceptible individuals. Furthermore, IFNα impairs insulin production through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress as well as by impairing mitochondrial function. Due to its central role in the early phases of beta cell death, targeting IFNα and its pathways in genetically predisposed individuals may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy in the very early stages of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lombardi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
| | - Effie Tsomos
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sara S Hammerstad
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Aker, Oslo, Norway; Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Ulleval, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yaron Tomer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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18
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Lepper MF, Ohmayer U, von Toerne C, Maison N, Ziegler AG, Hauck SM. Proteomic Landscape of Patient-Derived CD4+ T Cells in Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes. J Proteome Res 2017; 17:618-634. [PMID: 29182335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology underlying the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) is poorly understood. Obtaining an accurate proteomic profile of the T helper cell population is essential for understanding the pathogenesis of T1D. Here, we performed in-depth proteomic profiling of peripheral CD4+ T cells in a pediatric cohort to identify cellular signatures associated with the onset of T1D. Using only 250 000 CD4+ T cells per patient, isolated from biobanked PBMC samples, we identified nearly 6000 proteins using deep-proteome profiling with LC-MS/MS data-independent acquisition. Our analysis revealed an inflammatory signature in patients with T1D; this signature is characterized by circulating mediators of neutrophils, platelets, and the complement system. This signature likely reflects the inflammatory extracellular milieu, which suggests that activation of the innate immune system plays an important role in disease onset. Our results emphasize the potential value of using high-resolution LC-MS/MS to investigate limited quantities of biobanked samples to identify disease-relevant proteomic patterns. Proteomic profiles of 114 individuals have been deposited in a comprehensive portable repository serving as a unique resource for CD4+ T cell expression in the context of both health and T1D disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen F Lepper
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefanie M Hauck
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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19
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Ahmed D, Cassol E. Role of cellular metabolism in regulating type I interferon responses: Implications for tumour immunology and treatment. Cancer Lett 2017; 409:20-29. [PMID: 28888999 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN) are increasingly recognized for their role in regulating anti-tumour immune responses. However, chronic activation of these pathways can result in immunosuppression and has been linked to poor responses to genotoxic and radiotoxic therapies. Emerging evidence suggests energy, lipid and amino acid metabolism play an important role in regulating and fine tuning type I IFN responses. Further, dysregulation of these processes has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic viral infections and autoimmune disorders. Systematic evaluation of these interrelationships in cancer models and patients may have important implications for the development of targeted IFN based anti-cancer therapeutics with minimal toxicity and limited off target effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duale Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edana Cassol
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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20
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Yip L, Fuhlbrigge R, Atkinson MA, Fathman CG. Impact of blood collection and processing on peripheral blood gene expression profiling in type 1 diabetes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:636. [PMID: 28821222 PMCID: PMC5563008 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3949-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The natural history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is challenging to investigate, especially as pre-diabetic individuals are difficult to identify. Numerous T1D consortia have been established to collect whole blood for gene expression analysis from individuals with or at risk to develop T1D. However, with no universally accepted protocol for their collection, differences in sample processing may lead to variances in the results. Here, we examined whether the choice of blood collection tube and RNA extraction kit leads to differences in the expression of genes that are changed during the progression of T1D, and if these differences could be minimized by measuring gene expression directly from the lysate of whole blood. RESULTS Microarray analysis showed that the expression of 901 genes is highly influenced by sample processing using the PAXgene versus the Tempus system. These included a significant number of lymphocyte-specific genes and genes whose expression has been reported to differ in the peripheral blood of at-risk and T1D patients compared to controls. We showed that artificial changes in gene expression occur when control and T1D samples were processed differently. The sample processing-dependent differences in gene expression were largely due to loss of transcripts during the RNA extraction step using the PAXgene system. The majority of differences were not observed when gene expression was measured in whole blood lysates prepared from blood collected in PAXgene and Tempus tubes. CONCLUSION We showed that the gene expression profile of samples processed using the Tempus system is more accurate than that of samples processed using the PAXgene system. Variation in sample processing can result in misleading changes in gene expression. However, these differences can be minimized by measuring gene expression directly in whole blood lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Yip
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
| | - Rebecca Fuhlbrigge
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Mark A Atkinson
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - C Garrison Fathman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
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Safari-Alighiarloo N, Taghizadeh M, Tabatabaei SM, Shahsavari S, Namaki S, Khodakarim S, Rezaei-Tavirani M. Identification of new key genes for type 1 diabetes through construction and analysis of protein-protein interaction networks based on blood and pancreatic islet transcriptomes. J Diabetes 2017; 9:764-777. [PMID: 27625010 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease in which pancreatic β-cells are destroyed by infiltrating immune cells. Bilateral cooperation of pancreatic β-cells and immune cells has been proposed in the progression of T1D, but as yet no systems study has investigated this possibility. The aims of the study were to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and identify key genes associated with T1D risk using a network biology approach. METHODS Interactome (protein-protein interaction [PPI]) and transcriptome data were integrated to construct networks of differentially expressed genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and pancreatic β-cells. Centrality, modularity, and clique analyses of networks were used to get more meaningful biological information. RESULTS Analysis of genes expression profiles revealed several cytokines and chemokines in β-cells and their receptors in PBMCs, which is supports the dialogue between these two tissues in terms of PPIs. Functional modules and complexes analysis unraveled most significant biological pathways such as immune response, apoptosis, spliceosome, proteasome, and pathways of protein synthesis in the tissues. Finally, Y-box binding protein 1 (YBX1), SRSF protein kinase 1 (SRPK1), proteasome subunit alpha1/ 3, (PSMA1/3), X-ray repair cross complementing 6 (XRCC6), Cbl proto-oncogene (CBL), SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase (SRC), phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 (PIK3R1), phospholipase C gamma 1 (PLCG1), SHC adaptor protein1 (SHC1) and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 N (UBE2N) were identified as key markers that were hub-bottleneck genes involved in functional modules and complexes. CONCLUSIONS This study provide new insights into network biomarkers that may be considered potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Safari-Alighiarloo
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadeh
- Bioinformatics Department, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
- Medical Informatics Department, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodeh Shahsavari
- Biostatistics Department, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Namaki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Rezaei-Tavirani
- Proteomics Research Center, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Jean-Baptiste VSE, Xia CQ, Clare-Salzler MJ, Horwitz MS. Type 1 Diabetes and Type 1 Interferonopathies: Localization of a Type 1 Common Thread of Virus Infection in the Pancreas. EBioMedicine 2017; 22:10-17. [PMID: 28663145 PMCID: PMC5552106 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Increasing incidence of T1D worldwide is prompting researchers to adopt different approaches to explain the biology of T1D, beyond the presence and activity of autoreactive lymphocytes. In this review, we propose inflammatory pathways as triggers for T1D. Within the scope of those inflammatory pathways and in understanding the pathogenesis of disease, we suggest that viruses, in particular Coxsackieviruses, act by causing a type 1 interferonopathy within the pancreas and the microenvironment of the islet. As such, this connection and common thread represents an exciting platform for the development of new diagnostic, treatment and/or prevention options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginie S E Jean-Baptiste
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (I3) Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chang-Qing Xia
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Michael J Clare-Salzler
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Marc S Horwitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity (I3) Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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23
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Investigation of coordination and order in transcription regulation of innate and adaptive immunity genes in type 1 diabetes. BMC Med Genomics 2017; 10:7. [PMID: 28143555 PMCID: PMC5282641 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-017-0243-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease and extensive evidence has indicated a critical role of both the innate and the adaptive arms of immune system in disease development. To date most clinical trials of immunomodulation therapies failed to show efficacy. A number of gene expression studies of T1D have been carried out. However, a systems analysis of the expression variations of the innate and adaptive immunity gene sets, or their co-expression network structures in cohorts at different disease states or of different disease risks, is not available till now. Methods We utilized data from a large gene expression study that included transcription profiles of control peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) exposed to plasma of 148 human subjects from four cohorts that included unrelated healthy controls (uHC), recent onset T1D patients (RO-T1D), and healthy siblings of probands that possess high (HRS, High Risk Sibling) or low (LRS, Low Risk Sibling) risk HLA haplotypes. Both weighted and non-weighted co-expression networks were constructed in each cohort separately, and edge weight distribution and the activation of known protein complexes were examined. The co-expression networks of the innate and adaptive immunity genes were further examined in more detail through a number of network measures that included network density, Shannon entropy, h-index, and the scaling exponent γ of degree distribution. Pathway analysis was carried out using CoGA, a tool for detecting significant network structural changes of a gene set. Results Weighted network edge distribution revealed a globally weakened co-expression network induced by the RO-T1D cohort as compared to that by the uHC, suggesting a broad spectrum loss of transcriptional coordination. The two healthy T1D family cohorts (HRS and LRS) induced more active but heterogeneous transcription coordination globally, and among both the innate and the adaptive immunity genes, than the uHC. This finding is consistent with our previous report of these cohorts sharing a heightened innate inflammatory state. The spike-in of IL-1RA to RO-T1D sera improved co-expression network strength of both the innate and the adaptive immunity genes, and enabled a global order recovery in transcription regulation that resulted in significantly increased number of activated protein complexes. Many of the top pathways that showed significant difference in co-expression network structures and order between RO-T1D and uHC have strong links to T1D. Conclusions Network level analysis of the innate and adaptive immunity genes, and the whole genome, revealed striking cohort-dependent differences in co-expression network structural measures, suggesting their potential in cohort classification and disease-relevant pathway identification. The results demonstrated the advantages of systems analysis in defining molecular signatures as well as in predicting targets in future research. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-017-0243-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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24
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Long SA, Thorpe J, DeBerg HA, Gersuk V, Eddy J, Harris KM, Ehlers M, Herold KC, Nepom GT, Linsley PS. Partial exhaustion of CD8 T cells and clinical response to teplizumab in new-onset type 1 diabetes. Sci Immunol 2016; 1:eaai7793. [PMID: 28664195 PMCID: PMC5486405 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aai7793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Biologic treatment of T1D typically results in transient stabilization of C-peptide levels (a surrogate for endogenous insulin secretion) in some patients, followed by progression at the same rate as in untreated control groups. Here, we used integrated systems biology and flow cytometry approaches with clinical trial blood samples to elucidate pathways associated with C-peptide stabilization in T1D subjects treated with the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody teplizumab. We identified a population of CD8 T cells that accumulated in subjects with the best response to treatment (responders) and showed that these cells phenotypically resembled exhausted T cells by expressing high levels of the transcription factor EOMES, effector molecules, and multiple inhibitory receptors (IRs), including TIGIT and KLRG1. These cells expanded after treatment, with levels peaking after 3-6 months. To functionally characterize these exhausted-like T cells, we isolated memory CD8 TIGIT+KLRG1+ T cells from responders and showed that they exhibited expanded TCR clonotypes, indicative of prior in vivo expansion; recognized a broad-based spectrum expressed of environmental and auto-antigens; and were hypo-proliferative during polyclonal stimulation, increasing expression of IR genes and decreasing cell cycle genes. Triggering these cells with a recombinant ligand for TIGIT during polyclonal stimulation further downregulated their activation, demonstrating their exhausted phenotype was not terminal. These findings identify and functionally characterize a partially exhausted cell type associated with response to teplizumab therapy and suggest that pathways regulating T cell exhaustion may play a role in successful immune interventions for T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Alice Long
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - Jerill Thorpe
- Translational Research Program, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Vivian Gersuk
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | - James Eddy
- Systems Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, Seattle, WA
| | | | | | - Kevan C. Herold
- Departments of Immunobiology and Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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25
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Schulte BM, Gielen PR, Kers-Rebel ED, Prosser AC, Lind K, Flodström-Tullberg M, Tack CJ, Elving LD, Adema GJ. Enterovirus Exposure Uniquely Discriminates Type 1 Diabetes Patients with a Homozygous from a Heterozygous Melanoma Differentiation-Associated Protein 5/Interferon Induced with Helicase C Domain 1 A946T Genotype. Viral Immunol 2016; 29:389-97. [PMID: 27482829 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2015.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In children at risk for type 1 diabetes, innate immune activity is detected before seroconversion. Enterovirus infections have been linked to diabetes development, and a polymorphism (A946T) in the innate immune sensor recognizing enterovirus RNA, interferon-induced with helicase C domain 1/melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5, predisposes to disease. We hypothesized that the strength of innate antienteroviral responses is affected in autoimmune type 1 diabetes patients and linked to the A946T polymorphism. We compared induction of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in healthy individuals and diabetes patients upon stimulation with enterovirus, enterovirus-antibody complexes, or ligands mimicking infection in relation to the A946T polymorphism. Overall, PBMCs of diabetes patients and healthy donors showed comparable ISG induction upon stimulation. No differences were observed in DCs. Interestingly, the data imply that the magnitude of responses to enterovirus and enterovirus-antibody complexes in PBMCs is critically influenced by the A946T polymorphism and elevated in heterozygotes compared to TT homozygous individuals in autoimmune diabetes patients, but not healthy controls. These data imply an intrinsic difference in the responses to enterovirus and enterovirus-antibody complexes in diabetes patients carrying a TT risk genotype compared to heterozygotes that may influence control of enterovirus clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M Schulte
- 1 Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul R Gielen
- 1 Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther D Kers-Rebel
- 1 Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Amy C Prosser
- 1 Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina Lind
- 2 Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet , The Center for Infectious Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Malin Flodström-Tullberg
- 2 Department of Medicine HS, Karolinska Institutet , The Center for Infectious Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cees J Tack
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lammy D Elving
- 3 Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Gosse J Adema
- 1 Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center , Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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26
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Riquelme Medina I, Lubovac-Pilav Z. Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis for Identifying Modules and Functionally Enriched Pathways in Type 1 Diabetes. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156006. [PMID: 27257970 PMCID: PMC4892488 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex disease, caused by the autoimmune destruction of the insulin producing pancreatic beta cells, resulting in the body’s inability to produce insulin. While great efforts have been put into understanding the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the etiology of the disease, the exact molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. T1D is a heterogeneous disease, and previous research in this field is mainly focused on the analysis of single genes, or using traditional gene expression profiling, which generally does not reveal the functional context of a gene associated with a complex disorder. However, network-based analysis does take into account the interactions between the diabetes specific genes or proteins and contributes to new knowledge about disease modules, which in turn can be used for identification of potential new biomarkers for T1D. In this study, we analyzed public microarray data of T1D patients and healthy controls by applying a systems biology approach that combines network-based Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) with functional enrichment analysis. Novel co-expression gene network modules associated with T1D were elucidated, which in turn provided a basis for the identification of potential pathways and biomarker genes that may be involved in development of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zelmina Lubovac-Pilav
- Bioinformatics research group, School of Biosciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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27
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Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by progressive autoimmune-mediated loss of pancreatic β-cell mass via apoptosis. The onset of T1DM depends on environmental factors that interact with predisposing genes to induce an autoimmune assault against β cells. Epidemiological, clinical and pathology studies in humans support viral infection--particularly by enteroviruses (for example, coxsackievirus)--as an environmental trigger for the development of T1DM. Many candidate genes for T1DM, such as MDA5, PTPN2 and TYK2, regulate antiviral responses in both β cells and the immune system. Cellular permissiveness to viral infection is modulated by innate antiviral responses that vary among different tissues or cell types. Some data indicate that pancreatic islet α cells trigger a more efficient antiviral response to infection with diabetogenic viruses than do β cells, and so are able to eradicate viral infections without undergoing apoptosis. This difference could account for the varying ability of islet-cell subtypes to clear viral infections and explain why chronically infected pancreatic β cells, but not α cells, are targeted by an autoimmune response and killed during the development of T1DM. These issues and attempts to target viral infection as a preventive therapy for T1DM are discussed in the present Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Op de Beeck
- Center for Diabetes Research, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, CP618, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- Center for Diabetes Research, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, CP618, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
- Welbio, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, CP618, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Cabrera SM, Chen YG, Hagopian WA, Hessner MJ. Blood-based signatures in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2016; 59:414-25. [PMID: 26699650 PMCID: PMC4744128 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-015-3843-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. It develops through autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic beta cells and results in lifelong dependence on exogenous insulin. The pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes involves a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and has historically been attributed to aberrant adaptive immunity; however, there is increasing evidence for a role of innate inflammation. Over the past decade new methodologies for the analysis of nucleic acid and protein signals have been applied to type 1 diabetes. These studies are providing a new understanding of type 1 diabetes pathogenesis and have the potential to inform the development of new biomarkers for predicting diabetes onset and monitoring therapeutic interventions. In this review we will focus on blood-based signatures in type 1 diabetes, with special attention to both direct transcriptomic analyses of whole blood and immunocyte subsets, as well as plasma/serum-induced transcriptional signatures. Attention will also be given to proteomics, microRNA assays and markers of beta cell death. We will also discuss the results of blood-based profiling in type 1 diabetes within the context of the genetic and environmental factors implicated in the natural history of autoimmune diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Cabrera
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yi-Guang Chen
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | | | - Martin J Hessner
- The Max McGee National Research Center for Juvenile Diabetes, Children's Research Institute of Children's Hospital of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Section of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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29
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Marchand L, Jalabert A, Meugnier E, Van den Hende K, Fabien N, Nicolino M, Madec AM, Thivolet C, Rome S. miRNA-375 a Sensor of Glucotoxicity Is Altered in the Serum of Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:1869082. [PMID: 27314045 PMCID: PMC4895032 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1869082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The use of miRNAs as biomarkers for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) risk is attractive as T1D is usually diagnosed in front of acute symptoms. As miR-375 is highly expressed in the endocrine pancreas, we postulated that its circulating level might reflect beta cell alterations and might be altered in the blood of T1D patients recently diagnosed. Methods. Sera were obtained from 22 T1D children at onset of the disease, before subcutaneous insulin treatment, and from 10 nondiabetic pediatric controls. MiR-375 seric level was quantified by stem-loop RT-PCR-based assay. MiRNAs regulations in isolated human islets in response to high glucose concentrations were determined by TaqMan Low-Density Array. Results. The abundance of miR-375, among the 410 miRNAs detected in human islets, mirrored its well-established role in rodent islet biology. Upregulated miRNAs targeted genes involved in islet homeostasis and regulation of beta cell mass. Downregulated miRNAs, including miR-375, were involved in pancreas secretion and protein turnover. Seric level of miR-375 was lower in T1D children versus age-matched controls, without any correlations with HbA1c, glycaemia, and number of autoantibodies. Conclusion. Altered circulating level of miR-375 at onset of T1D might be a general biomarker of metabolic alterations and inflammation associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Marchand
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Audrey Jalabert
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
| | - Emmanuelle Meugnier
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
| | - Kathleen Van den Hende
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Nicole Fabien
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, INSERM U851, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Department of Immunology, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marc Nicolino
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Anne-Marie Madec
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
| | - Charles Thivolet
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, 69495 Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Sophie Rome
- CarMeN Laboratory (INSERM 1060, INRA 1362, INSA), Lyon-Sud Faculty of Medicine, University of Lyon, Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69600 Oullins, France
- *Sophie Rome:
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30
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Heinonen MT, Moulder R, Lahesmaa R. New Insights and Biomarkers for Type 1 Diabetes: Review for Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. Scand J Immunol 2015; 82:244-53. [DOI: 10.1111/sji.12338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Heinonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku; Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
| | - R. Moulder
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku; Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
| | - R. Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku; Åbo Akademi University; Turku Finland
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31
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Stechova K, Kolar M, Blatny R, Halbhuber Z, Vcelakova J, Hubackova M, Petruzelkova L, Sumnik Z, Obermannova B, Pithova P, Stavikova V, Krivjanska M, Neuwirth A, Kolouskova S, Filipp D. Healthy first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes exhibit significant differences in basal gene expression pattern of immunocompetent cells compared to controls: expression pattern as predeterminant of autoimmune diabetes. Scand J Immunol 2015; 75:210-9. [PMID: 21923738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02637.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Expression features of genetic landscape which predispose an individual to the type 1 diabetes are poorly understood. We addressed this question by comparing gene expression profile of freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from either patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), or their first-degree relatives or healthy controls. Our aim was to establish whether a distinct type of 'prodiabetogenic' gene expression pattern in the group of relatives of patients with T1D could be identified. Whole-genome expression profile of nine patients with T1D, their ten first-degree relatives and ten healthy controls was analysed using the human high-density expression microarray chip. Functional aspects of candidate genes were assessed using the MetaCore software. The highest number of differentially expressed genes (547) was found between the autoantibody-negative healthy relatives and the healthy controls. Some of them represent genes critically involved in the regulation of innate immune responses such as TLR signalling and CCR3 signalling in eosinophiles, humoral immune reactions such as BCR pathway, costimulation and cytokine responses mediated by CD137, CD40 and CD28 signalling and IL-1 proinflammatory pathway. Our data demonstrate that expression profile of healthy relatives of patients with T1D is clearly distinct from the pattern found in the healthy controls. That especially concerns differential activation status of genes and signalling pathways involved in proinflammatory processes and those of innate immunity and humoral reactivity. Thus, we posit that the study of the healthy relative's gene expression pattern is instrumental for the identification of novel markers associated with the development of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Stechova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Kolar
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R Blatny
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Halbhuber
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J Vcelakova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Hubackova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Petruzelkova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Z Sumnik
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - B Obermannova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - P Pithova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - V Stavikova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M Krivjanska
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Neuwirth
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - S Kolouskova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Filipp
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics AS CR, Prague, Czech RepublicCentral European Biosystems, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Internal Medicine, 2nd Medical Faculty of Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Science, Prague, Czech Republic
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Huang E, Wells CA. The ground state of innate immune responsiveness is determined at the interface of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 193:13-9. [PMID: 24951823 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1303410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Monocytes and macrophages form the major cellular component of the innate immune system, with roles in tissue development, homeostasis, and host defense against infection. Environmental factors were shown to play a significant part in determining innate immune responsiveness, and this included systemic conditions, such as circulating glucose levels, gut microflora, time of year, and even diurnal rhythm, which had a direct impact on innate immune receptor expression. Although the underlying molecular processes are just beginning to emerge, it is clear that environmental factors may alter epigenetic states of peripheral blood monocytes and resident tissue macrophages. We conclude that some measure of cellular ground state must become an essential part of the analysis of myeloid responsiveness or infectious susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Huang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and
| | - Christine Anne Wells
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; and Institute of Infection, Immunity, and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, United Kingdom
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33
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Kallionpää H, Elo LL, Laajala E, Mykkänen J, Ricaño-Ponce I, Vaarma M, Laajala TD, Hyöty H, Ilonen J, Veijola R, Simell T, Wijmenga C, Knip M, Lähdesmäki H, Simell O, Lahesmaa R. Innate immune activity is detected prior to seroconversion in children with HLA-conferred type 1 diabetes susceptibility. Diabetes 2014; 63:2402-14. [PMID: 24550192 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The insult leading to autoantibody development in children who will progress to develop type 1 diabetes (T1D) has remained elusive. To investigate the genes and molecular pathways in the pathogenesis of this disease, we performed genome-wide transcriptomics analysis on a unique series of prospective whole-blood RNA samples from at-risk children collected in the Finnish Type 1 Diabetes Prediction and Prevention study. We studied 28 autoantibody-positive children, out of which 22 progressed to clinical disease. Collectively, the samples covered the time span from before the development of autoantibodies (seroconversion) through the diagnosis of diabetes. Healthy control subjects matched for date and place of birth, sex, and HLA-DQB1 susceptibility were selected for each case. Additionally, we genotyped the study subjects with Immunochip to identify potential genetic variants associated with the observed transcriptional signatures. Genes and pathways related to innate immunity functions, such as the type 1 interferon (IFN) response, were active, and IFN response factors were identified as central mediators of the IFN-related transcriptional changes. Importantly, this signature was detected already before the T1D-associated autoantibodies were detected. Together, these data provide a unique resource for new hypotheses explaining T1D biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Kallionpää
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandTurku Doctoral Programme of Biomedical Sciences, Turku, FinlandThe Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura L Elo
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandBiomathematics Research Group, Department of Mathematics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Essi Laajala
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandThe Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, FinlandThe National Graduate School in Informational and Structural Biology, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Mykkänen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandThe Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Isis Ricaño-Ponce
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matti Vaarma
- Department of Signal Processing, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu D Laajala
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Hyöty
- Department of Virology, University of Tampere, Tampere, FinlandFimlab Laboratories, Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Ilonen
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Clinical Microbiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Riitta Veijola
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuula Simell
- The Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mikael Knip
- The Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, FinlandChildren's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, FinlandFolkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Lähdesmäki
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandThe Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Information and Computer Science, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- The Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics, University of Turku, Turku, FinlandDepartment of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, FinlandThe Finnish Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research, Helsinki, Finland
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Jin Y, Sharma A, Bai S, Davis C, Liu H, Hopkins D, Barriga K, Rewers M, She JX. Risk of type 1 diabetes progression in islet autoantibody-positive children can be further stratified using expression patterns of multiple genes implicated in peripheral blood lymphocyte activation and function. Diabetes 2014; 63:2506-15. [PMID: 24595351 PMCID: PMC4066338 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is tremendous scientific and clinical value to further improving the predictive power of autoantibodies because autoantibody-positive (AbP) children have heterogeneous rates of progression to clinical diabetes. This study explored the potential of gene expression profiles as biomarkers for risk stratification among 104 AbP subjects from the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY) using a discovery data set based on microarray and a validation data set based on real-time RT-PCR. The microarray data identified 454 candidate genes with expression levels associated with various type 1 diabetes (T1D) progression rates. RT-PCR analyses of the top-27 candidate genes confirmed 5 genes (BACH2, IGLL3, EIF3A, CDC20, and TXNDC5) associated with differential progression and implicated in lymphocyte activation and function. Multivariate analyses of these five genes in the discovery and validation data sets identified and confirmed four multigene models (BI, ICE, BICE, and BITE, with each letter representing a gene) that consistently stratify high- and low-risk subsets of AbP subjects with hazard ratios >6 (P < 0.01). The results suggest that these genes may be involved in T1D pathogenesis and potentially serve as excellent gene expression biomarkers to predict the risk of progression to clinical diabetes for AbP subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Jin
- Sino-American Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, ChinaCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GADepartment of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GADepartment of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Shan Bai
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Colleen Davis
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Haitao Liu
- Sino-American Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, ChinaCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Diane Hopkins
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
| | - Kathy Barriga
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Marian Rewers
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, Aurora, CO
| | - Jin-Xiong She
- Sino-American Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, ChinaCenter for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GADepartment of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA
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35
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Ferreira RC, Guo H, Coulson RMR, Smyth DJ, Pekalski ML, Burren OS, Cutler AJ, Doecke JD, Flint S, McKinney EF, Lyons PA, Smith KGC, Achenbach P, Beyerlein A, Dunger DB, Clayton DG, Wicker LS, Todd JA, Bonifacio E, Wallace C, Ziegler AG. A type I interferon transcriptional signature precedes autoimmunity in children genetically at risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2014; 63:2538-50. [PMID: 24561305 PMCID: PMC4066333 DOI: 10.2337/db13-1777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes (T1D) is preceded by the appearance of circulating autoantibodies to pancreatic islets. However, almost nothing is known about events leading to this islet autoimmunity. Previous epidemiological and genetic data have associated viral infections and antiviral type I interferon (IFN) immune response genes with T1D. Here, we first used DNA microarray analysis to identify IFN-β-inducible genes in vitro and then used this set of genes to define an IFN-inducible transcriptional signature in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a group of active systemic lupus erythematosus patients (n = 25). Using this predefined set of 225 IFN signature genes, we investigated the expression of the signature in cohorts of healthy controls (n = 87), patients with T1D (n = 64), and a large longitudinal birth cohort of children genetically predisposed to T1D (n = 109; 454 microarrayed samples). Expression of the IFN signature was increased in genetically predisposed children before the development of autoantibodies (P = 0.0012) but not in patients with established T1D. Upregulation of IFN-inducible genes was transient, temporally associated with a recent history of upper respiratory tract infections (P = 0.0064), and marked by increased expression of SIGLEC-1 (CD169), a lectin-like receptor expressed on CD14(+) monocytes. DNA variation in IFN-inducible genes altered T1D risk (P = 0.007), as exemplified by IFIH1, one of the genes in our IFN signature for which increased expression is a known risk factor for disease. These findings identify transient increased expression of type I IFN genes in preclinical diabetes as a risk factor for autoimmunity in children with a genetic predisposition to T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo C Ferreira
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Hui Guo
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Richard M R Coulson
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Deborah J Smyth
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Marcin L Pekalski
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Oliver S Burren
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Antony J Cutler
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - James D Doecke
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.The Australian E-Health Research Centre, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, AustraliaThe Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Preventative Health Flagship, Victoria, AustraliaCSIRO Mathematics and Information Sciences, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun Flint
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Eoin F McKinney
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyerlein
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - David G Clayton
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Linda S Wicker
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- CRTD-DFG Research Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Chris Wallace
- JDRF/Wellcome Trust Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Department of Medical Genetics, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
| | - Anette-G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, and Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, München, Germany
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36
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Evangelista AF, Collares CVA, Xavier DJ, Macedo C, Manoel-Caetano FS, Rassi DM, Foss-Freitas MC, Foss MC, Sakamoto-Hojo ET, Nguyen C, Puthier D, Passos GA, Donadi EA. Integrative analysis of the transcriptome profiles observed in type 1, type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus reveals the role of inflammation. BMC Med Genomics 2014; 7:28. [PMID: 24885568 PMCID: PMC4066312 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-7-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease, while type 2 (T2D) and gestational diabetes (GDM) are considered metabolic disturbances. In a previous study evaluating the transcript profiling of peripheral mononuclear blood cells obtained from T1D, T2D and GDM patients we showed that the gene profile of T1D patients was closer to GDM than to T2D. To understand the influence of demographical, clinical, laboratory, pathogenetic and treatment features on the diabetes transcript profiling, we performed an analysis integrating these features with the gene expression profiles of the annotated genes included in databases containing information regarding GWAS and immune cell expression signatures. METHODS Samples from 56 (19 T1D, 20 T2D, and 17 GDM) patients were hybridized to whole genome one-color Agilent 4x44k microarrays. Non-informative genes were filtered by partitioning, and differentially expressed genes were obtained by rank product analysis. Functional analyses were carried out using the DAVID database, and module maps were constructed using the Genomica tool. RESULTS The functional analyses were able to discriminate between T1D and GDM patients based on genes involved in inflammation. Module maps of differentially expressed genes revealed that modulated genes: i) exhibited transcription profiles typical of macrophage and dendritic cells; ii) had been previously associated with diabetic complications by association and by meta-analysis studies, and iii) were influenced by disease duration, obesity, number of gestations, glucose serum levels and the use of medications, such as metformin. CONCLUSION This is the first module map study to show the influence of epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, immunopathogenic and treatment features on the transcription profiles of T1D, T2D and GDM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane F Evangelista
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristhianna VA Collares
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Division Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Danilo J Xavier
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Claudia Macedo
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda S Manoel-Caetano
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Diane M Rassi
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria C Foss-Freitas
- Division Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Milton C Foss
- Division Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elza T Sakamoto-Hojo
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, (USP), 14040-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Catherine Nguyen
- INSERM U1090, TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université IFR137, 13100 Marseille, France
| | - Denis Puthier
- INSERM U1090, TAGC, Aix-Marseille Université IFR137, 13100 Marseille, France
| | - Geraldo A Passos
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Disciplines of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Department of Morphology, Physiology and Basic Pathology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, USP, 14040-904 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo A Donadi
- Molecular Immunogenetics Group, Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Division Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, (USP), 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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37
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Lakschevitz FS, Glogauer M. High-purity neutrophil isolation from human peripheral blood and saliva for transcriptome analysis. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1124:469-83. [PMID: 24504969 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-845-4_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The oral cavity is a source of readily available neutrophils and can be used as a model to better understand the role of neutrophils in chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, bronchitis, periodontitis, and inflammatory bowel disease. In this chapter we describe reproducible methods to obtain highly purified neutrophil samples from blood and saliva in humans to enable cell analysis using whole-genome microarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia S Lakschevitz
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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38
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Chiang EY, Johnston RJ, Grogan JL. EBI2 is a negative regulator of type I interferons in plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83457. [PMID: 24386204 PMCID: PMC3873289 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus induced receptor 2 (EBI2), a Gαi-coupled G protein-coupled receptor, is a chemotactic receptor for B, T and dendritic cells (DC). Genetic studies have also implicated EBI2 as a regulator of an interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7)-driven inflammatory network (IDIN) associated with autoimmune diseases, although the corollary in primary type I IFN-producing cells has not been reported. Here we demonstrate that EBI2 negatively regulates type I IFN responses in plasmacytoid DC (pDCs) and CD11b+ myeloid cells. Activation of EBI2−/− pDCs and CD11b+ cells with various TLR ligands induced elevated type I IFN production compared to wild-type cells. Moreover, in vivo challenge with endosomal TLR agonists or infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus elicited more type I IFNs and proinflammatory cytokines in EBI2−/− mice compared to normal mice. Elevated systemic cytokines occurred despite impaired ability of EBI2-deficient pDCs and CD11b+ cells to migrate from the blood to the spleen and peritoneal cavity under homeostatic conditions. As reported for other immune cells, pDC migration was dependent on the ligand for EBI2, 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol. Consistent with a cell intrinsic role for EBI2, type I IFN-producing cells from EBI2-deficient mice expressed higher levels of IRF7 and IDIN genes. Together these data suggest a negative regulatory role for EBI2 in balancing TLR-mediated responses to foreign and to self nucleic acids that may precipitate autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Y. Chiang
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Robert J. Johnston
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jane L. Grogan
- Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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39
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Santin I, Eizirik DL. Candidate genes for type 1 diabetes modulate pancreatic islet inflammation and β-cell apoptosis. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15 Suppl 3:71-81. [PMID: 24003923 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 50 loci associated with genetic risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D). Several T1D candidate genes have been suggested or identified within these regions, but the molecular mechanisms by which they contribute to insulitis and β-cell destruction remain to be clarified. More than 60% of the T1D candidate genes are expressed in human pancreatic islets, suggesting that they contribute to T1D by regulating at least in part pathogenic mechanisms at the β-cell level. Recent studies by our group indicate that important genetically regulated pathways in β-cells include innate immunity and antiviral activity, involving RIG-like receptors (particularly MDA5) and regulators of type I IFNs (i.e. PTPN2 and USP18), and genes related to β-cell phenotype and susceptibility to pro-apoptotic stimuli (i.e. GLIS3). These observations reinforce the concept that the early pathogenesis of T1D is characterized by a dialogue between the immune system and pancreatic β-cells. This dialogue is probably influenced by polymorphisms in genes expressed at the β-cell and/or immune system level, leading to inadequate responses to environmental cues such as viral infections. Further studies are needed to clarify how these disease-associated variants affect pancreatic β-cell responses to inflammation and the subsequent triggering of autoimmune responses and progressive β-cell loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Santin
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Pruul K, Kisand K, Alnek K, Metsküla K, Heilman K, Peet A, Varik K, Uibo R. Expression of B7 and CD28 family genes in newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1251-7. [PMID: 23911738 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is caused by T-cell mediated autoimmune reaction directed against the insulin-secreting beta cells. We hypothesized that in addition to antigen/MHC recognition the co-stimulatory B7 and CD28 pathway is also strongly affected in T1D. CD80, CD86, CD28, CTLA4, ICOS and CD25 mRNA expression was characterized in 49 newly diagnosed young T1D patients (mean age 11 ± 5 years, 25 male/24 women) and 31 controls (mean age 14 ± 7 years, 14 male/17 women). In addition, polymorphisms in CTLA4 (rs231806, rs231775, rs3087243) were genotyped and soluble CTLA4 plasma levels measured by ELISA. T1D patients presented with higher peripheral blood expression levels of CD80 (Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.0001) and lower ICOS levels compared to healthy controls (Glm adjusted for age, p=0.0004). CD80 expression in T1D patients correlated with expression of two CTLA4 splice variants (Spearman's rank correlation, rho=0.56, p=0.0002 for sCTLA4; rho=0.61, p<0.0001 for flCTLA4). In controls, CD80 expression correlated with CD25 expression (Spearman's rank correlation, rho=0.57, p=0.002). A strong correlation was observed between sCTLA4 and flCTLA4 (Spearman's rank correlation, rho=0.94, p<0.0001). We also found a tendency that the CTLA4 +49A/G polymorphism influenced sCTLA4 mRNA expression in T1D individuals and was lowest in individuals with the GG genotype (Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.039). However, we could not identify associations between gene expression and plasma levels of sCTLA4. To summarize, we expect that newly diagnosed T1D among children and adolescents is associated with activation of CD80 and CTLA4 in peripheral blood. Additional studies will be needed to elucidate the role of CD80/CTLA4 signaling in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Pruul
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia; Centre for Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
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Lakschevitz FS, Aboodi GM, Glogauer M. Oral neutrophil transcriptome changes result in a pro-survival phenotype in periodontal diseases. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68983. [PMID: 23874838 PMCID: PMC3708893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periodontal diseases are inflammatory processes that occur following the influx of neutrophils into the periodontal tissues in response to the subgingival bacterial biofilm. Current literature suggests that while neutrophils are protective and prevent bacterial infections, they also appear to contribute to damage of the periodontal tissues. In the present study we compare the gene expression profile changes in neutrophils as they migrate from the circulation into the oral tissues in patients with chronic periodontits and matched healthy subjects. We hypothesized that oral neutrophils in periodontal disease patients will display a disease specific transcriptome that differs from the oral neutrophil of healthy subjects. Methods Venous blood and oral rinse samples were obtained from healthy subjects and chronic periodontitis patients for neutrophil isolation. mRNA was isolated from the neutrophils, and gene expression microarray analysis was completed. Results were confirmed for specific genes of interest by qRT-PCR and Western Blot analysis. Results and Discussion Chronic periodontitis patients presented with increased recruitment of neutrophils to the oral cavity. Gene expression analysis revealed differences in the expression levels of genes from several biological pathways. Using hierarchical clustering analysis, we found that the apoptosis network was significantly altered in patients with chronic inflammation in the oral cavity, with up-regulation of pro-survival members of the Bcl-2 family and down-regulation of pro-apoptosis members in the same compartment. Additional functional analysis confirmed that the percentages of viable neutrophils are significantly increased in the oral cavity of chronic periodontitis patients. Conclusions Oral neutrophils from patients with periodontal disease displayed an altered transcriptome following migration into the oral tissues. This resulted in a pro-survival neutrophil phenotype in chronic periodontitis patients when compared with healthy subjects, resulting in a longer-lived neutrophil. This is likely to impact the severity and length of the inflammatory response in this oral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavia S Lakschevitz
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Vcelakova J, Blatny R, Halbhuber Z, Kolar M, Neuwirth A, Petruzelkova L, Ulmannova T, Kolouskova S, Sumnik Z, Pithova P, Krivjanska M, Filipp D, Stechova K. The effect of diabetes-associated autoantigens on cell processes in human PBMCs and their relevance to autoimmune diabetes development. J Diabetes Res 2013; 2013:589451. [PMID: 23841104 PMCID: PMC3694381 DOI: 10.1155/2013/589451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is considered to be a T-helper- (Th-) 1 autoimmune disease; however, T1D pathogenesis likely involves many factors, and sufficient tools for autoreactive T cell detection for the study of this disease are currently lacking. In this study, using gene expression microarrays, we analysed the effect of diabetes-associated autoantigens on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with the purpose of identifying (pre)diabetes-associated cell processes. Twelve patients with recent onset T1D, 18 first-degree relatives of the TD1 patients (DRL; 9/18 autoantibody positive), and 13 healthy controls (DV) were tested. PBMCs from these individuals were stimulated with a cocktail of diabetes-associated autoantigens (proinsulin, IA-2, and GAD65-derived peptides). After 72 hours, gene expression was evaluated by high-density gene microarray. The greatest number of functional differences was observed between relatives and controls (69 pathways), from which 15% of the pathways belonged to "immune response-related" processes. In the T1D versus controls comparison, more pathways (24%) were classified as "immune response-related." Important pathways that were identified using data from the T1D versus controls comparison were pathways involving antigen presentation by MHCII, the activation of Th17 and Th22 responses, and cytoskeleton rearrangement-related processes. Genes involved in Th17 and TGF-beta cascades may represent novel, promising (pre)diabetes biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vcelakova
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Abstract
Biomarkers are useful tools for research into type 1 diabetes (T1D) for a number of purposes, including elucidation of disease pathogenesis, risk prediction, and therapeutic monitoring. Susceptibility genes and islet autoantibodies are currently the most useful biomarkers for T1D risk prediction. However, these markers do not fully meet the needs of scientists and physicians for several reasons. First, improvement of the specificity and sensitivity is still desirable to achieve better positive predictive values. Second, autoantibodies appear relatively late in the disease process, thus limiting their value in early disease prediction. Third, the currently available biomarkers are not useful for assessing therapeutic outcomes because some are not involved in the disease process (autoantibodies) and others do not change during disease progression (susceptibility genes). Therefore, considerable effort has been devoted to the discovery of novel T1D biomarkers in the last three decades. The advent of high-throughput technologies for genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic studies has allowed genome-wide examinations of genetic polymorphisms, global gene changes, and protein expression changes in T1D patients and prediabetic subjects. These large-scale studies resulted in the discovery of a large number of susceptibility genes and changes in gene and protein expression. While these studies have provided a number of novel biomarker candidates, their clinical benefits remain to be evaluated in prospective studies, and no new "star biomarker" has been identified until now. Previous studies suggest that significant improvements in study design and analytical methodologies have to be made to identify clinically relevant biomarkers. In this review, we discuss progress, opportunities, challenges, and future directions in the development of T1D biomarkers, mainly by focusing on the genetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Jin
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Han D, Cai X, Wen J, Kenyon NS, Chen Z. From biomarkers to a clue of biology: a computation-aided perspective of immune gene expression profiles in human type 1 diabetes. Front Immunol 2012; 3:320. [PMID: 23112798 PMCID: PMC3480653 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated expression of key immune genes may cause breakdown of immunological tolerance and development of autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). General immune insufficiencies have also been implicated as a trigger of autoimmunity, due to their potential impact on immune homeostasis. Recent studies have detected evidence of systemic reduction in immune gene expression in long-term diabetic patients but the changes were not present before or at T1D onset. The changes could not be merely correlated with alteration in metabolic parameters. The studies also identified a dynamic expression pattern of several well-known as well as little-studied, immune-related genes during the course of T1D. An intriguing “ratio profile” of immune regulatory genes, such as CTLA4 and members of the S100 family, versus “baseline” immune genes, such as CD3G, prompted us to further examine immune gene expression relationships for a set of molecules representing T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells. No evidence was found to suggest an overall breach of tolerance equilibrium in T1D. Perplexingly, patients with long-term T1D presented a gene expression profile that was surprisingly more coordinated in analyses of “networking” relationship. Computational analyses of the “ratio profiles” or “relationship profiles” of immune gene expression might provide a clue for further studies of immunobiology in human T1D and other autoimmune diseases, as to how the profiles may be related to the pathogenic cause of the disease, to the effect of the diseases on immune homeostasis, or to an immunological process associated with the course of the diseases but is neither a direct cause nor a direct effect of the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Han
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami, FL, USA
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Detection of gene expression signatures related to underlying disease and treatment in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Mod Rheumatol 2012; 23:729-40. [PMID: 22872428 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-012-0723-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Gene expression signatures can provide an unbiased view into the molecular changes underlying biologically and medically interesting phenotypes. We therefore initiated this study to identify signatures that would be of utility in studying rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS We used microarray profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in 30 RA patients to assess the effect of different biologic agent (biologics) treatments and to quantify the degree of a type-I interferon (IFN) signature in these patients. A numeric score was derived for the quantification step and applied to patients with RA. To further characterize the IFN response in our cohort, we employed type-I IFN treatment of PBMCs in vitro and in reporter assays. RESULTS Profiling identified a subset of RA patients with upregulation of type-I IFN-regulated transcripts, thereby corroborating previous reports showing RA to be heterogeneous for an IFN component. A comparison of individuals currently untreated with a biologic with those treated with infliximab, tocilizumab, or abatacept suggested that each biologic induces a specific gene signature in PBMCs. CONCLUSIONS It is possible to observe signs of type-I IFN pathway activation in a subset of clinically active RA patients without C-reactive protein elevation. Furthermore, biologics-specific gene signatures in patients with RA indicate that looking for a biologic-specific response pattern may be a potential future tool for predicting individual patient response.
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Panicker SP, Ganguly T, Consolo M, Price V, Mirmirani P, Honda K, Karnik P. Sterol intermediates of cholesterol biosynthesis inhibit hair growth and trigger an innate immune response in cicatricial alopecia. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38449. [PMID: 22685570 PMCID: PMC3369908 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) is a group of inflammatory hair disorders that cause scarring and permanent hair loss. Previous studies have implicated PPARγ, a transcription factor that integrates lipogenic and inflammatory signals, in the pathogenesis of PCA. However, it is unknown what triggers the inflammatory response in these disorders, whether the inflammation is a primary or secondary event in disease pathogenesis, and whether the inflammatory reaction reflects an autoimmune process. In this paper, we show that the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway is impaired in the skin and hair follicles of PCA patients. Treatment of hair follicle cells with BM15766, a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, or 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), a sterol precursor, stimulates the expression of pro-inflammatory chemokine genes. Painting of mouse skin with 7-DHC or BM15766 inhibits hair growth, causes follicular plugging and induces the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interfollicular dermis. Our results demonstrate that cholesterologenic changes within hair follicle cells trigger an innate immune response that is associated with the induction of toll-like receptor (TLR) and interferon (IFN) gene expression, and the recruitment of macrophages that surround the hair follicles and initiate their destruction. These findings reveal a previously unsuspected role for cholesterol precursors in PCA pathogenesis and identify a novel link between sterols and inflammation that may prove transformative in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreejith P. Panicker
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Taneeta Ganguly
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mary Consolo
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Vera Price
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Paradi Mirmirani
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kord Honda
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Pratima Karnik
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mikaelian I, Scicchitano M, Mendes O, Thomas RA, Leroy BE. Frontiers in preclinical safety biomarkers: microRNAs and messenger RNAs. Toxicol Pathol 2012; 41:18-31. [PMID: 22659243 DOI: 10.1177/0192623312448939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of plasma microRNAs (miRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) is the most recent effort to identify novel biomarkers in preclinical safety. These genomic markers often display tissue-specific expression, may be released from the tissues into the plasma during toxic events, change early and with high magnitude in tissues and in the blood during specific organ toxicities, and can be measured using multiplex formats. Their validation as biomarkers has been challenged by the technical difficulties. In particular, the concentration of miRNAs in the plasma depends on contamination by miRNAs originating from blood cells and platelets, and the relative fraction of miRNAs in complexes with Argonaute 2, high-density lipoproteins, and in exosomes and microvesicles. In spite of these hurdles, considerable progress has recently been made in assessing the potential value of miRNAs in the clinic, especially in cancer patients and cardiovascular diseases. The future of miRNAs and mRNAs as biomarkers of disease and organ toxicity depends on our ability to characterize their kinetics and to establish robust collection and measurement methods. This review covers the basic biology of miRNAs and the published literature on the use of miRNAs and mRNAs as biomarkers of specific target organ toxicity.
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Hemopexin is up-regulated in plasma from type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: Role of glucose-induced ROS. J Proteomics 2012; 75:3760-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Smiljanovic B, Grün JR, Biesen R, Schulte-Wrede U, Baumgrass R, Stuhlmüller B, Maslinski W, Hiepe F, Burmester GR, Radbruch A, Häupl T, Grützkau A. The multifaceted balance of TNF-α and type I/II interferon responses in SLE and RA: how monocytes manage the impact of cytokines. J Mol Med (Berl) 2012; 90:1295-309. [PMID: 22610275 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-012-0907-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and are recognized as relevant therapeutic targets to attenuate inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and interferon (IFN)-α/γ in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). To relate the transcriptional imprinting of cytokines in a cell type- and disease-specific manner, we generated gene expression profiles from peripheral monocytes of SLE and RA patients and compared them to in vitro-generated signatures induced by TNF-α, IFN-α2a, and IFN-γ. Monocytes from SLE and RA patients revealed disease-specific gene expression profiles. In vitro-generated signatures induced by IFN-α2a and IFN-γ showed similar profiles that only partially overlapped with those induced by TNF-α. Comparisons between disease-specific and in vitro-generated signatures identified cytokine-regulated genes in SLE and RA with qualitative and quantitative differences. The IFN responses in SLE and RA were found to be regulated in a STAT1-dependent and STAT1-independent manner, respectively. Similarly, genes recognized as TNF-α regulated were clearly distinguishable between RA and SLE patients. While the activity of SLE monocytes was mainly driven by IFN, the activity from RA monocytes showed a dominance of TNF-α that was characterized by STAT1 down-regulation. The responses to specific cytokines were revealed to be disease-dependent and reflected the interplay of cytokines within various inflammatory milieus. This study has demonstrated that monocytes from RA and SLE patients exhibit disease-specific gene expression profiles, which can be molecularly dissected when compared with in vitro-generated cytokine signatures. The results suggest that an assessment of cytokine-response status in monocytes may be helpful for improvement of diagnosis and selection of the best cytokine target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Smiljanovic
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin (DRFZ), Ein Leibniz-Institut, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Zhang X, Ye L, Hu J, Tang W, Liu R, Yang M, Hong J, Wang W, Ning G, Gu W. Acute response of peripheral blood cell to autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in type 1 diabetic patient. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31887. [PMID: 22384093 PMCID: PMC3285188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Autologous nonmyeloablative hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHST) was the first therapeutic approach that can improve β cell function in type 1 diabetic (T1D) patients. This study was designed to investigate the potential mechanisms involved. Design and methods We applied AHST to nine T1D patients diagnosed within six months and analyzed the acute responses in peripheral blood for lymphocyte subpopulation as well as for genomic expression profiling at the six-month follow-up. Results We found six patients obtained insulin free (IF group) and three remained insulin dependent (ID group); C-peptide production was significantly higher in IF group compared to ID group. The acute responses in lymphocytes at six-month follow-up include declined CD3+CD4+, CD3+CD8+ T cell population and recovered B cell, NK cell population in both groups but with no significant differences between the two groups; most immune-related genes and pathways were up-regulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of both groups while none of transcription factors for immune regulatory component were significantly changed; the IF group demonstrated more AHST-modified genetic events than the ID group and distinct pattern of top pathways, co-expression network as well as ‘hub’ genes (eg, TCF7 and GZMA) were associated with each group. Conclusions AHST could improve the islet function in newly diagnosed T1D patients and elimination of the islet specific autoreactive T cells might be one of the mechanisms involved; T1D patients responded differently to AHST possibly due to the distinct transcriptional events occurring in PBMC. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00807651
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiong Hu
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Hematology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixin Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Minglan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Ning
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Health Science, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiqiong Gu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Endocrine Tumors, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai E-institute for Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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