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Diba Lahmidi M, Le Noc M, Dali O, Kernanec PY, Merret PE, Jaulin C, Smagulova F. Sex-specific transgenerational effects on murine thyroid gland imposed by ancestral exposure to neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13047. [PMID: 38844538 PMCID: PMC11156953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonicotinoids, a relatively new widely used class of insecticide is used in agriculture to control insect populations. We examined the capacity of ancestral exposure to the neonicotinoid thiacloprid (thia) to induce transgenerational effects on thyroid tissue. Pregnant outbred Swiss female mice were exposed to thia at embryonic days E6.5 to E15.5 using 0, 0.6, and 6 mg/kg/day doses. Thyroid paraffin sections were prepared for morphology analysis. We apply ELISA method to measure T4 and TSH levels, RT-qPCR for gene expression analysis, ChIP-qPCR techniques for sperm histone H3K4me3 analysis, and immunofluorescence microscopy and western blots for protein detection. We observed an alteration in the morphology of thyroids in both males and females in the F3 generation. We observed an increase in T4 hormone in F1 females and a significant T4 level decrease in F3 males. T4 changes in F1 females were associated with a TSH increase. We found that the amount of Iodothyronine Deiodinase 1 (DIO1) (an enzyme converting T4 to T3) was decreased in both F1 and F3 generations in female thyroids. GNAS protein which is important for thyroid function has increased in female thyroids. Gene expression analysis showed that the expression of genes encoding thyroid gland development, chromatin, biosynthesis and transport factors were affected in the thyroid gland in both sexes in F1 and F3. The analysis of sperm histone H3K4me3 showed that H3K4me3 occupancy at the Dio1 locus has decreased while Thyroglobulin (Tg) and Matrix Metallopeptidase 2 (Mmp2) genes have increased H3K4me3 occupancy in the sperm of F3 mice. Besides, DNA methylation analysis of our previously published datasets showed that, in the sperm of F1 and F3 thia-derived mice, several genes related to thyroid function show consistent alterations. Our data suggest that ancestral exposure to thiacloprid affects thyroid function not only in exposed but also in indirectly exposed F3 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Diba Lahmidi
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Morgane Le Noc
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Ouzna Dali
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Kernanec
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Pierre-Etienne Merret
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Christian Jaulin
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France
| | - Fatima Smagulova
- Université de Rennes, EHESP, Inserm, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, 35000, Rennes, France.
- Irset-Inserm UMR 1085, 9 Avenue du Prof. Léon Bernard, 35000, Rennes, France.
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Johnson ND, Cutler DJ, Conneely KN. Investigating the potential of single-cell DNA methylation data to detect allele-specific methylation and imprinting. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:654-667. [PMID: 38471507 PMCID: PMC11023823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Allele-specific methylation (ASM) is an epigenetic modification whereby one parental allele becomes methylated and the other unmethylated at a specific locus. ASM is most often driven by the presence of nearby heterozygous variants that influence methylation, but also occurs somatically in the context of genomic imprinting. In this study, we investigate ASM using publicly available single-cell reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (scRRBS) data on 608 B cells sampled from six healthy B cell samples and 1,230 cells from 11 chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) samples. We developed a likelihood-based criterion to test whether a CpG exhibited ASM, based on the distributions of methylated and unmethylated reads both within and across cells. Applying our likelihood ratio test, 65,998 CpG sites exhibited ASM in healthy B cell samples according to a Bonferroni criterion (p < 8.4 × 10-9), and 32,862 CpG sites exhibited ASM in CLL samples (p < 8.5 × 10-9). We also called ASM at the sample level. To evaluate the accuracy of our method, we called heterozygous variants from the scRRBS data, which enabled variant-based calls of ASM within each cell. Comparing sample-level ASM calls to the variant-based measures of ASM, we observed a positive predictive value of 76%-100% across samples. We observed high concordance of ASM across samples and an overrepresentation of ASM in previously reported imprinted genes and genes with imprinting binding motifs. Our study demonstrates that single-cell bisulfite sequencing is a potentially powerful tool to investigate ASM, especially as studies expand to increase the number of samples and cells sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Johnson
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karen N Conneely
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Population Biology, Ecology, and Evolution Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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3
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Jüppner H. Pseudohypoparathyroidism: complex disease variants with unfortunate names. J Mol Endocrinol 2024; 72:e230104. [PMID: 37965945 PMCID: PMC10843601 DOI: 10.1530/jme-23-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Several human disorders are caused by genetic or epigenetic changes involving the GNAS locus on chromosome 20q13.3 that encodes the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα) and several splice variants thereof. Thus, pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP1A) is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations involving the maternal GNAS exons 1-13 resulting in characteristic abnormalities referred to as Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) that are associated with resistance to several agonist ligands, particularly to parathyroid hormone (PTH), thereby leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. GNAS mutations involving the paternal Gsα exons also cause most of these AHO features, but without evidence for hormonal resistance, hence the term pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP). Autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) due to maternal GNAS or STX16 mutations (deletions, duplications, insertions, and inversions) is associated with epigenetic changes at one or several differentially methylated regions (DMRs) within GNAS. Unlike the inactivating Gsα mutations that cause PHP1A and PPHP, hormonal resistance is caused in all PHP1B variants by impaired Gsα expression due to loss of methylation at GNAS exon A/B, which can be associated in some familial cases with epigenetic changes at the other maternal GNAS DMRs. The genetic defect(s) responsible for sporadic PHP1B, the most frequent variant of this disorder, remain(s) unknown for the majority of patients. However, characteristic epigenetic GNAS changes can be readily detected that include a gain of methylation at the neuroendocrine secretory protein (NESP) DMR. Multiple genetic or epigenetic GNAS abnormalities can thus impair Gsα function or expression, consequently leading to inadequate cAMP-dependent signaling events downstream of various Gsα-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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4
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Abbas A, Hammad AS, Al-Shafai M. The role of genetic and epigenetic GNAS alterations in the development of early-onset obesity. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 793:108487. [PMID: 38103632 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GNAS (guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha stimulating) is an imprinted gene that encodes Gsα, the α subunit of the heterotrimeric stimulatory G protein. This subunit mediates the signalling of a diverse array of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), including the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) that serves a pivotal role in regulating food intake, energy homoeostasis, and body weight. Genetic or epigenetic alterations in GNAS are known to cause pseudohypoparathyroidism in its different subtypes and have been recently associated with isolated, early-onset, severe obesity. Given the diverse biological functions that Gsα serves, multiple molecular mechanisms involving various GPCRs, such as MC4R, β2- and β3-adrenoceptors, and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of severe, early-onset obesity that results from genetic or epigenetic GNAS changes. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review examines the structure and function of GNAS and provides an overview of the disorders that are caused by defects in this gene and may feature early-onset obesity. Moreover, it elucidates the potential molecular mechanisms underlying Gsα deficiency-induced early-onset obesity, highlighting some of their implications for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of this complex condition. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Gsα deficiency is an underappreciated cause of early-onset, severe obesity. Therefore, screening children with unexplained, severe obesity for GNAS defects is recommended, to enhance the molecular diagnosis and management of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Abbas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayat S Hammad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mashael Al-Shafai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Sánchez EC, Barajas-Olmos F, Baca P, Zerrweck C, Guilbert L, Martínez-Hernández A, Centeno F, Orozco L. DNA Methylation Remodeling after Bariatric Surgery Correlates with Clinical Parameters. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300001. [PMID: 37144655 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The altered functions of adipose tissue are one of the main issues in obesity. Bariatric surgery is associated with improvement of obesity associated comorbidities. Here DNA methylation remodeling in adipose tissue after bariatric surgery is examined. After six months postoperative, DNA methylation shows changes in 1155 CpG sites, 66 of these sites correlate with body mass index. Some sites also show correlation with LDL-C, HDL-C, total cholesterol, and triglycerides. CpG sites are located in genes that have not previously been linked to obesity or metabolic diseases. GNAS complex locus is one of those that presented CpG site with the greatest changes after surgery, and the most significant correlation with BMI and lipid profiles. These results show that epigenetic regulation may be involved in the alteration of adipose tissue functions in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Carlos Sánchez
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, Periférico Sur 4809, Mexico City, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cto. de los Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico
| | - Francisco Barajas-Olmos
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, Periférico Sur 4809, Mexico City, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico
| | - Paulina Baca
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, Periférico Sur 4809, Mexico City, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico
| | - Carlos Zerrweck
- Facultad de Medicina, Alta especialidad en Cirugía Bariatrica, UNAM, Escolar 411A, Copilco Universidad, Mexico City, Coyoacán, 04360, Mexico
| | - Lizbeth Guilbert
- Clínica Integral de Obesidad, Hospital General Tláhuac, Secretaría de Salud de la CDMX, Av. La turba 655, Mexico City, Tláhuac, 13278, Mexico
| | - Angélica Martínez-Hernández
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, Periférico Sur 4809, Mexico City, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico
| | - Federico Centeno
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, Periférico Sur 4809, Mexico City, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico
| | - Lorena Orozco
- Immunogenomics and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, SS, Periférico Sur 4809, Mexico City, Tlalpan, 14610, Mexico
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Rudolph A, Stengel A, Suhs M, Schaper S, Wölk E, Rose M, Hofmann T. Circulating Neuronatin Levels Are Positively Associated with BMI and Body Fat Mass but Not with Psychological Parameters. Nutrients 2023; 15:3657. [PMID: 37630847 PMCID: PMC10459747 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human genetic studies have associated Neuronatin gene variants with anorexia nervosa (AN) and obesity. Studies on the expression of the Neuronatin gene product, a proteolipid, are lacking. We investigated the relationship between circulating Neuronatin, body mass index (BMI), body composition (BC), physical activity (PA), and psychometric outcomes in patients with AN, normal weight, and obesity. Plasma Neuronatin was measured by ELISA in (1) 79 subjects of five BMI categories (AN/BMI < 17.5 kg/m2; normal weight/BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2; obesity/BMI 30-40 kg/m2; obesity/BMI 40-50 kg/m2; obesity/BMI > 50 kg/m2) with assessment of BC (bioimpedance analysis; BIA); (2) 49 women with AN (BMI 14.5 ± 1.8 kg/m2) with measurements of BC (BIA) and PA (accelerometry); (3) 79 women with obesity (BMI 48.8 ± 7.8 kg/m2) with measurements of anxiety (GAD-7), stress (PSQ-20), depression (PHQ-9) and eating behavior (EDI-2). Overall, a positive correlation was found between Neuronatin and BMI (p = 0.006) as well as total fat mass (FM; p = 0.036). In AN, Neuronatin did not correlate with BMI, FM, or PA (p > 0.05); no correlations were found between Neuronatin and psychometric outcomes in obesity (p > 0.05). The findings suggest an FM-dependent peripheral Neuronatin expression. The decreased Neuronatin expression in AN provides evidence that Neuronatin is implicated in the pathogenesis of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Rudolph
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Stengel
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Suhs
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Selina Schaper
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Ellen Wölk
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
| | - Matthias Rose
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
- Quantitative Health Sciences, Outcomes Measurement Science, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Tobias Hofmann
- Center for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.)
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, DRK Kliniken Berlin Wiegmann Klinik, 14050 Berlin, Germany
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7
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Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3185572. [PMID: 37546985 PMCID: PMC10402269 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185572/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP. How cAMP integrates opposing peptide signals to regulate energy balance, and the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous peptidergic signaling, remain largely unknown. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVHMC4R). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. Release of either peptide impacts a ~100 μm diameter region, and when these peptide signals overlap, they compete to control cAMP. The competition is reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients: hunger peptides are more efficacious in the fasted state, satiety peptides in the fed state. Feeding resolves the competition by simultaneously elevating αMSH release and suppressing NPY release, thereby sustaining elevated cAMP in PVHMC4R neurons. In turn, cAMP potentiates feeding-related excitatory inputs and promotes satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how biochemical integration of opposing, quantal peptide signals during energy intake orchestrates a gradual transition between stable states of hunger and satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Angela Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph C Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paula K Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lauren F Christenson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Lutas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Present address: Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter N Kalugin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yihan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Akash Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
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8
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Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548551. [PMID: 37503012 PMCID: PMC10369917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP, but the messenger's spatiotemporal dynamics and role in energy balance are controversial. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic and spatially restricted NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVH MC4R ). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. NPY and αMSH competitively control cAMP, as reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients evoked by each peptide. During feeding bouts, elevated αMSH release and suppressed NPY release cooperatively sustain elevated cAMP in PVH MC4R neurons, thereby potentiating feeding-related excitatory inputs and promoting satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how state-dependent integration of opposing, quantal peptidergic events by a common biochemical target calibrates energy intake.
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9
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Claxton M, Pulix M, Seah MKY, Bernardo R, Zhou P, Aljuraysi S, Liloglou T, Arnaud P, Kelsey G, Messerschmidt DM, Plagge A. Variable allelic expression of imprinted genes at the Peg13, Trappc9, Ago2 cluster in single neural cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1022422. [PMID: 36313557 PMCID: PMC9596773 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1022422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic process through which genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin specific manner resulting in mono-allelic or strongly biased expression of one allele. For some genes, imprinted expression may be tissue-specific and reliant on CTCF-influenced enhancer-promoter interactions. The Peg13 imprinting cluster is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and comprises canonical imprinted genes, which are conserved between mouse and human, as well as brain-specific imprinted genes in mouse. The latter consist of Trappc9, Chrac1 and Ago2, which have a maternal allelic expression bias of ∼75% in brain. Findings of such allelic expression biases on the tissue level raise the question of how they are reflected in individual cells and whether there is variability and mosaicism in allelic expression between individual cells of the tissue. Here we show that Trappc9 and Ago2 are not imprinted in hippocampus-derived neural stem cells (neurospheres), while Peg13 retains its strong bias of paternal allele expression. Upon analysis of single neural stem cells and in vitro differentiated neurons, we find not uniform, but variable states of allelic expression, especially for Trappc9 and Ago2. These ranged from mono-allelic paternal to equal bi-allelic to mono-allelic maternal, including biased bi-allelic transcriptional states. Even Peg13 expression deviated from its expected paternal allele bias in a small number of cells. Although the cell populations consisted of a mosaic of cells with different allelic expression states, as a whole they reflected bulk tissue data. Furthermore, in an attempt to identify potential brain-specific regulatory elements across the Trappc9 locus, we demonstrate tissue-specific and general silencer activities, which might contribute to the regulation of its imprinted expression bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Claxton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michela Pulix
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Michelle K. Y. Seah
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ralph Bernardo
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sultan Aljuraysi
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Triantafillos Liloglou
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Philippe Arnaud
- Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Inserm, GReD, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Gavin Kelsey
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel M. Messerschmidt
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonius Plagge
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Cell Signaling, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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10
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Jeje SO, Adenawoola M, Abosede C. Gestational Nutrition as a Predisposing Factor to Obesity Onset in Offspring: Role for Involvement of Epigenetic Mechanism. Niger J Physiol Sci 2022; 37:1-7. [PMID: 35947841 DOI: 10.54548/njps.v37i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Maternal lifestyle has been implicated as a predisposing factor in the development of metabolic disorders in adulthood. This lifestyle includes the immediate environment, physical activity and nutrition. Maternal nutrition has direct influence on the developmental programming through biochemical alterations and can lead to modifications in the fetal genome through epigenetic mechanisms. Imbalance in basic micro or macro nutrients due to famine or food deficiency during delicate gestational periods can lead to onset of metabolic syndrome including obesity. A major example is the Dutch famine which led to a serious metabolic disorder in adulthood of affected infants. Notably due to gene variants, individualized responses to nutritional deficiencies are unconventional, therefore intensifying the need to study nutritional genomics during fetal programming. Epigenetic mechanisms can cause hereditary changes without changing the DNA sequence; the major mechanisms include small non-coding RNAs, histone modifications and most stable of all is DNA methylation. The significance association between obesity and DNA methylation is through regulation of genes implicated in lipid and glucose metabolism either directly or indirectly by hypomethylation or hypermethylation. Examples include CPT1A, APOA2, ADRB3 and POMC. Any maternal exposure to malnutrition or overnutrition that can affect genes regulating major metabolic pathways in the fetus, will eventually cause underlying changes that can predispose or cause the onset of metabolic disorder in adulthood. In this review, we examined the interaction between nutrition during gestation and epigenetic programming of metabolic syndrome.
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11
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Tüfek NH, Yahyazadeh A, Altunkaynak BZ. Protective effect of indole-3-carbinol on testis of a high fat diet induced obesity. Biotech Histochem 2022; 98:1-12. [PMID: 35703014 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2022.2073612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of obesity caused by a high fat diet (HFD) on rat testes and evaluated the possible protective effects of indole-3-carbinol (IND). We used 24 8-10-week-old 200 g male rats randomly assigned to 4 groups: non-obese control (NC), obese control (OC), non-obese IND group (NI), obese + IND group (OI). Testis samples were examined using stereological, immunohistochemical, biochemical and histological methods. The number of spermatogenic cells, Leydig cells, mean volume of testes and seminiferous tubules was significantly decreased in the OC group compared to the NC group, but these values were increased significantly in the OI group compared to the OC group. We found a significant increase in catalase and myeloperoxidase activities in the OC group compared to the NC group. In the OI group, catalase and myeloperoxidase levels were decreased compared to the OC group. TUNEL-positive cells also were increased in the OC group compared to the NC group (p < 0.05), but these were fewer in the OI group than the OC group. We found marked morphological changes in testicular tissues between the NC and OC groups, as well as between the OI and OC groups. We found that HFD induced obesity was detrimental to rat testes and that administration of IND ameliorated testicular changes caused by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hande Tüfek
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ahmad Yahyazadeh
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
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12
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de Souza MM, Niciura SCM, Rocha MIP, Pan Z, Zhou H, Bruscadin JJ, da Silva Diniz WJ, Afonso J, de Oliveira PSN, Mourão GB, Zerlotini A, Coutinho LL, Koltes JE, de Almeida Regitano LC. DNA methylation may affect beef tenderness through signal transduction in Bos indicus. Epigenetics Chromatin 2022; 15:15. [PMID: 35562812 PMCID: PMC9107245 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-022-00449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beef tenderness is a complex trait of economic importance for the beef industry. Understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this trait may help improve the accuracy of breeding programs. However, little is known about epigenetic effects on Bos taurus muscle and their implications in tenderness, and no studies have been conducted in Bos indicus. RESULTS Comparing methylation profile of Bos indicus skeletal muscle with contrasting beef tenderness at 14 days after slaughter, we identified differentially methylated cytosines and regions associated with this trait. Interestingly, muscle that became tender beef had higher levels of hypermethylation compared to the tough group. Enrichment analysis of predicted target genes suggested that differences in methylation between tender and tough beef may affect signal transduction pathways, among which G protein signaling was a key pathway. In addition, different methylation levels were found associated with expression levels of GNAS, PDE4B, EPCAM and EBF3 genes. The differentially methylated elements correlated with EBF3 and GNAS genes overlapped CpG islands and regulatory elements. GNAS, a complex imprinted gene, has a key role on G protein signaling pathways. Moreover, both G protein signaling pathway and the EBF3 gene regulate muscle homeostasis, relaxation, and muscle cell-specificity. CONCLUSIONS We present differentially methylated loci that may be of interest to decipher the epigenetic mechanisms affecting tenderness. Supported by the previous knowledge about regulatory elements and gene function, the methylation data suggests EBF3 and GNAS as potential candidate genes and G protein signaling as potential candidate pathway associated with beef tenderness via methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Maria de Souza
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
| | | | - Marina Ibelli Pereira Rocha
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Zhangyuan Pan
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Huaijun Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Jessica Bruscadin
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Wellison Jarles da Silva Diniz
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Animal Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Juliana Afonso
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Gerson B Mourão
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Adhemar Zerlotini
- Embrapa Informática Agropecuária, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Lehmann Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - James E Koltes
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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13
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Guarnieri AR, Anthony SR, Gozdiff A, Green LC, Fleifil SM, Slone S, Nieman ML, Alam P, Benoit JB, Owens AP, Kanisicak O, Tranter M. Adipocyte-specific deletion of HuR induces spontaneous cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H228-H241. [PMID: 34018851 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00957.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue homeostasis plays a central role in cardiovascular physiology, and the presence of thermogenically active brown adipose tissue (BAT) has recently been associated with cardiometabolic health. We have previously shown that adipose tissue-specific deletion of HuR (Adipo-HuR-/-) reduces BAT-mediated adaptive thermogenesis, and the goal of this work was to identify the cardiovascular impacts of Adipo-HuR-/-. We found that Adipo-HuR-/- mice exhibit a hypercontractile phenotype that is accompanied by increased left ventricle wall thickness and hypertrophic gene expression. Furthermore, hearts from Adipo-HuR-/- mice display increased fibrosis via picrosirius red staining and periostin expression. To identify underlying mechanisms, we applied both RNA-seq and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) across both cardiac and adipose tissue to define HuR-dependent changes in gene expression as well as significant relationships between adipose tissue gene expression and cardiac fibrosis. RNA-seq results demonstrated a significant increase in proinflammatory gene expression in both cardiac and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT) from Adipo-HuR-/- mice that is accompanied by an increase in serum levels of both TNF-α and IL-6. In addition to inflammation-related genes, WGCNA identified a significant enrichment in extracellular vesicle-mediated transport and exosome-associated genes in scWAT, whose expression most significantly associated with the degree of cardiac fibrosis observed in Adipo-HuR-/- mice, implicating these processes as a likely adipose-to-cardiac paracrine mechanism. These results are significant in that they demonstrate the spontaneous onset of cardiovascular pathology in an adipose tissue-specific gene deletion model and contribute to our understanding of how disruptions in adipose tissue homeostasis may mediate cardiovascular disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The presence of functional brown adipose tissue in humans is known to be associated with cardiovascular health. Here, we show that adipocyte-specific deletion of the RNA binding protein HuR, which we have previously shown to reduce BAT-mediated thermogenesis, is sufficient to mediate a spontaneous development of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. These results may have implications on the mechanisms by which BAT function and adipose tissue homeostasis directly mediate cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne R Guarnieri
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sarah R Anthony
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anamarie Gozdiff
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lisa C Green
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Salma M Fleifil
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sam Slone
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle L Nieman
- Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Perwez Alam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joshua B Benoit
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - A Phillip Owens
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Onur Kanisicak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michael Tranter
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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14
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Abstract
Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) are caused by mutations and/or epigenetic changes at the complex GNAS locus on chromosome 20q13.3 that undergoes parent-specific methylation changes at several differentially methylated regions (DMRs). GNAS encodes the alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα) and several splice variants thereof. PHP type Ia (PHP1A) is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations involving the maternal exons 1-13. Heterozygosity of these maternal GNAS mutations cause PTH-resistant hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia because paternal Gsα expression is suppressed in certain organs thus leading to little or no Gsα protein in the proximal renal tubules and other tissues. Besides biochemical abnormalities, PHP1A patients show developmental abnormalities, referred to as Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). Some, but not all of these AHO features are encountered also in patients affected by PPHP, who carry paternal Gsα-specific mutations and typically show no laboratory abnormalities. Autosomal dominant PHP type Ib (AD-PHP1B) is caused by heterozygous maternal deletions within GNAS or STX16, which are associated with loss of methylation at the A/B DMR alone or at all maternally methylated GNAS exons. Loss of methylation of exon A/B and the resulting biallelic expression of A/B transcript reduces Gsα expression thus leading to hormonal resistance. Epigenetic changes at all differentially methylated GNAS regions are also observed in sporadic PHP1B, which is the most frequent PHP1B variant. However, this disease variant remains unresolved at the molecular level, except for rare cases with paternal uniparental isodisomy or heterodisomy of chromosome 20q (patUPD20q).
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Medicine and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Correspondence: Harald Jüppner, MD, Endocrine Unit, Thier 10, 50 Blossom Street, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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15
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Ribeiro DL, Machado ART, Machado C, Ferro Aissa A, Dos Santos PW, Barcelos GRM, Antunes LMG. p-synephrine induces transcriptional changes via the cAMP/PKA pathway but not cytotoxicity or mutagenicity in human gastrointestinal cells. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:196-212. [PMID: 33292089 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1855490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
p-Synephrine (SN) is an alkaloid added to thermogenic formulations for weight loss that is predominantly absorbed in the human gastrointestinal tract (GI). As the adverse effects of SN on GI cells remain unclear, the aim of present study was to examine whether SN affected cell viability, cell cycle kinetics, genomic stability, redox status, and expression of cAMP/PKA pathway genes related to metabolism/energy homeostasis in stomach mucosa (MNP01) and colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) human cells. p-Synephrine at 25-5000 μM was not cytotoxic to both cell lines. At 2-200 μM, SN increased the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) but also enhanced levels of antioxidant defense molecules glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) activity, which may account for the absence of cytotoxicity/mutagenicity in both cell lines. SN induced expression of the cAMP/PKA pathway genes ADCY3 and MAPK1 in MNP01 cells and MAPK1, GNAS, PRKACA, and PRKAR2A in Caco-2 cells, as well as modulated the transcription of genes related to cell proliferation (JUN; AKT1) and inflammation (RELA; TNF) in both cell lines. Therefore, the improved antioxidant state mitigated pro-oxidative effects attributed to SN. Evidence indicates that SN does not appear to exhibit adverse potential but modulated the cAMP/PKA pathway in human GI cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Luis Ribeiro
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo ,Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ana Rita Thomazela Machado
- Department Of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, And Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , : Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Carla Machado
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo ,Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Ferro Aissa
- Department Of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, And Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , : Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrick Wellington Dos Santos
- Department Of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, And Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , : Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Lusânia Maria Greggi Antunes
- Department Of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology, And Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo , : Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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16
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Reyes M, Kagami M, Kawashima S, Pallotta J, Schnabel D, Fukami M, Jüppner H. A Novel GNAS Duplication Associated With Loss-of-Methylation Restricted to Exon A/B Causes Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (PHP1B). J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:546-552. [PMID: 33180333 PMCID: PMC8048081 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) is characterized by resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) leading to hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, and in some cases resistance toward additional hormones. Patients affected by this disorder all share a loss-of-methylation (LOM) at the differentially methylated GNAS exon A/B, which reduces expression of the stimulatory G protein α-subunit (Gsα) from the maternal allele. This leads in the proximal renal tubules, where the paternal GNAS allele does not contribute much to expression of this signaling protein, to little or no Gsα expression thereby causing PTH resistance. We now describe a PHP1B patient with a de novo genomic GNAS duplication of approximately 88 kb, which is associated with LOM restricted to exon A/B alone. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) established that the duplicated DNA fragment extends from GNAS exon AS1 (telomeric breakpoint) to a small region between two imperfect repeats just upstream of LOC105372695 (centromeric breakpoint). Our novel duplication is considerably shorter than previously described duplications/triplications in that portion of chromosome 20q13 and it does not affect methylation at exons AS and XL. Based on these and previous findings, it appears plausible that the identified genomic abnormality disrupts in cis the actions of a transcript that is required for establishing or maintaining exon A/B methylation. Our findings extend the molecular causes of PHP1B and provide additional insights into structural GNAS features that are required for maintaining maternal Gsα expression and for preventing PTH-resistance. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Masayo Kagami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kawashima
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Johanna Pallotta
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dirk Schnabel
- Center for Chronically Sick Children, Pediatric Endocrinology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maki Fukami
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Liu S, Wang K, Svoboda LK, Rygiel CA, Neier K, Jones TR, Cavalcante RG, Colacino JA, Dolinoy DC, Sartor MA. Perinatal DEHP exposure induces sex- and tissue-specific DNA methylation changes in both juvenile and adult mice. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2021; 7:dvab004. [PMID: 33986952 PMCID: PMC8107644 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvab004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a type of phthalate plasticizer found in a variety of consumer products and poses a public health concern due to its metabolic and endocrine disruption activities. Dysregulation of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, has been shown to be an important mechanism for the pathogenic effects of prenatal exposures, including phthalates. In this study, we used an established mouse model to study the effect of perinatal DEHP exposure on the DNA methylation profile in liver (a primary target tissue of DEHP) and blood (a common surrogate tissue) of both juvenile and adult mice. Despite exposure ceasing at 3 weeks of age (PND21), we identified thousands of sex-specific differential DNA methylation events in 5-month old mice, more than identified at PND21, both in blood and liver. Only a small number of these differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs) overlapped between the time points, or between tissues (i.e. liver and blood), indicating blood may not be an appropriate surrogate tissue to estimate the effects of DEHP exposure on liver DNA methylation. We detected sex-specific DMCs common between 3-week and 5-month samples, pointing to specific DNA methylation alterations that are consistent between weanling and adult mice. In summary, this is the first study to assess the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in liver and blood at two different aged cohorts in response to perinatal DEHP exposure. Our findings cast light on the implications of using surrogate tissue instead of target tissue in human population-based studies and identify epigenetic biomarkers for DEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laurie K Svoboda
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christine A Rygiel
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kari Neier
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tamara R Jones
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Raymond G Cavalcante
- Epigenomics Core, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Justin A Colacino
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan, 500 S State St., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Dana C Dolinoy
- Correspondence address. Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. Tel: +734-647-3155; Fax: +734-936-7283; E-mail: (D.C.D.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2218, USA . Tel: +734-763-8013; Fax: +734-615-6553; E-mail: (M.A.S.)
| | - Maureen A Sartor
- Correspondence address. Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA. Tel: +734-647-3155; Fax: +734-936-7283; E-mail: (D.C.D.); Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, 100 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2218, USA . Tel: +734-763-8013; Fax: +734-615-6553; E-mail: (M.A.S.)
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18
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Guo K, Eid SA, Elzinga SE, Pacut C, Feldman EL, Hur J. Genome-wide profiling of DNA methylation and gene expression identifies candidate genes for human diabetic neuropathy. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:123. [PMID: 32787975 PMCID: PMC7425575 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is the most common complication of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although the cellular and molecular mechanisms of DPN are poorly understood, we and others have shown that altered gene expression and DNA methylation are implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, how DNA methylation might functionally impact gene expression and contribute to nerve damage remains unclear. Here, we analyzed genome-wide transcriptomic and methylomic profiles of sural nerves from T2D patients with DPN. RESULTS Unbiased clustering of transcriptomics data separated samples into groups, which correlated with HbA1c levels. Accordingly, we found 998 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 929 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between the groups with the highest and lowest HbA1c levels. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DEGs and DMGs were enriched for pathways known to play a role in DPN, including those related to the immune system, extracellular matrix (ECM), and axon guidance. To understand the interaction between the transcriptome and methylome in DPN, we performed an integrated analysis of the overlapping genes between DEGs and DMGs. Integrated functional and network analysis identified genes and pathways modulating functions such as immune response, ECM regulation, and PI3K-Akt signaling. CONCLUSION These results suggest for the first time that DNA methylation is a mechanism regulating gene expression in DPN. Overall, DPN patients with high HbA1c have distinct alterations in sural nerve DNA methylome and transcriptome, suggesting that optimal glycemic control in DPN patients is an important factor in maintaining epigenetic homeostasis and nerve function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Rd. Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Eid
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Sarah E. Elzinga
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Crystal Pacut
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, 1301 North Columbia Rd. Stop 9037, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9037 USA
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19
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De Coster W, Stovner EB, Strazisar M. Methplotlib: analysis of modified nucleotides from nanopore sequencing. Bioinformatics 2020; 36:3236-3238. [PMID: 32053166 PMCID: PMC7214038 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Modified nucleotides play a crucial role in gene expression regulation. Here, we describe methplotlib, a tool developed for the visualization of modified nucleotides detected from Oxford Nanopore Technologies sequencing platforms, together with additional scripts for statistical analysis of allele-specific modification within-subjects and differential modification frequency across subjects. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The methplotlib command-line tool is written in Python3, is compatible with Linux, Mac OS and the MS Windows 10 Subsystem for Linux and released under the MIT license. The source code can be found at https://github.com/wdecoster/methplotlib and can be installed from PyPI and bioconda. Our repository includes test data, and the tool is continuously tested at travis-ci.com. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Endre Bakken Stovner
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7013, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7013, Norway
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20
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Granot-Hershkovitz E, Wu P, Karasik D, Peter I, Peloso GM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Adrienne Cupples L, Liu CT, Meigs JB, Siscovick DS, Dupuis J, Friedlander Y, Hochner H. Searching for parent-of-origin effects on cardiometabolic traits in imprinted genomic regions. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:646-655. [PMID: 31896779 PMCID: PMC7170899 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic traits pose a major global public health burden. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci accounting for up to 30% of the genetic variance in complex traits such as cardiometabolic traits. However, the contribution of parent-of-origin effects (POEs) to complex traits has been largely ignored in GWAS. Family-based studies enable the assessment of POEs in genetic association analyses. We investigated POEs on a range of complex traits in 3 family-based studies. The discovery phase was carried out in large pedigrees from the Kibbutzim Family Study (n = 901 individuals) and in 872 parent-offspring trios from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Focusing on imprinted genomic regions, we examined parent-specific associations with 12 complex traits (i.e., body-size, blood pressure, lipids), mostly cardiometabolic risk traits. Forty five of the 11,967 SNPs initially found to have POE were evaluated for replication (p value < 1 × 10-4) in Framingham Heart Study families (max n = 8000 individuals). Three common variants yielded evidence of POE in the meta-analysis. Two variants, located on chr6 in the HLA region, showed a paternal effect on height (rs1042136: βpaternal = -0.023, p value = 1.5 × 10-8 and rs1431403: βpaternal = -0.011, p value = 5.4 × 10-6). The corresponding maternally-derived effects were statistically nonsignificant. The variant rs9332053, located on chr13 in RCBTB2 gene, demonstrated a maternal effect on hip circumference (βmaternal = -4.24, p value = 9.6 × 10-6; βpaternal = 1.29, p value = 0.23). These findings provide evidence for the utility of incorporating POEs into association studies of cardiometabolic traits, especially anthropometric traits. The study highlights the benefits of using family-based data for deciphering the genetic architecture of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peitao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Sections of Preventive medicine and Epidemiology, and cardiovascular medicine, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Institute for Urban Health, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 99112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 99112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Millership SJ, Van de Pette M, Withers DJ. Genomic imprinting and its effects on postnatal growth and adult metabolism. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4009-4021. [PMID: 31270580 PMCID: PMC6785587 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Imprinted genes display parent-of-origin-specific expression with this epigenetic system of regulation found exclusively in therian mammals. Historically, defined imprinted gene functions were almost solely focused on pregnancy and the influence on the growth parameters of the developing embryo and placenta. More recently, a number of postnatal functions have been identified which converge on resource allocation, both for animals in the nest and in adults. While many of the prenatal functions of imprinted genes that have so far been described adhere to the "parental conflict" hypothesis, no clear picture has yet emerged on the functional role of imprints on postnatal metabolism. As these roles are uncovered, interest in the potential for these genes to influence postnatal metabolism and associated adult-onset disease outcomes when dysregulated has gathered pace. Here, we review the published data on imprinted genes and their influence on postnatal metabolism, starting in the nest, and then progressing through to adulthood. When observing the functional effects of these genes on adult metabolism, we must always be careful to acknowledge the influence both of direct expression in the relevant metabolic tissue, but also indirect metabolic programming effects caused by their modulation of both in utero and postnatal growth trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
| | - Mathew Van de Pette
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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22
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Hong M, Hwang JT, Shin EJ, Hur HJ, Kang K, Choi HK, Chung MY, Chung S, Sung MJ, Park JH. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation identifies novel differentially methylated regions associated with lipid accumulation improved by ethanol extracts of Allium tubersosum and Capsella bursa-pastoris in a cell model. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217877. [PMID: 31170227 PMCID: PMC6553759 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries. Both genetic and environmental factors are known as causes of the disease although their underlying mechanisms have not been fully understood. This study investigated the association of DNA methylation with oleic acid-induced hepatic steatosis. It also examined effects of food components on DNA methylation in hepatic steatosis. Genome-wide DNA methylation of oleic acid (OA)-induced lipid accumulation in vitro cell model was investigated using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Changes of DNA methylation were also analyzed after treatment with food components decreasing OA-induced lipid accumulation in the model. We identified total 81 regions that were hypermethylated by OA but hypomethylated by food components or vice versa. We determined the expression of seven genes proximally located at the selected differentially methylated regions. Expression levels of WDR27, GNAS, DOK7, MCF2L, PRKG1, and CMYA5 were significantly different between control vs OA and OA vs treatment with food components. We demonstrated that DNA methylation was associated with expression of genes in the model of hepatic steatosis. We also found that food components reversely changed DNA methylation induced by OA and alleviated lipid accumulation. These results suggest that DNA methylation is one of the mechanisms causing the hepatic steatosis and its regulation by food components provides insights that may prevent or alleviate lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonju Hong
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Taek Hwang
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Shin
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Haeng Jeon Hur
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Kyoung Choi
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Yu Chung
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwon Chung
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Park
- Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Dembic M, Andersen HS, Bastin J, Doktor TK, Corydon TJ, Sass JO, Lopes Costa A, Djouadi F, Andresen BS. Next generation sequencing of RNA reveals novel targets of resveratrol with possible implications for Canavan disease. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 126:64-76. [PMID: 30446350 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) is a small compound first identified as an activator of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a key factor in mediating the effects of caloric restriction. Since then, RSV received great attention for its widespread beneficial effects on health and in connection to many diseases. RSV improves the metabolism and the mitochondrial function, and more recently it was shown to restore fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) capacities in patient fibroblasts harboring mutations with residual enzyme activity. Many of RSV's beneficial effects are mediated by the transcriptional coactivator PGC-1α, a direct target of SIRT1 and a master regulator of the mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. Despite numerous studies RSV's mechanism of action is still not completely elucidated. Our aim was to investigate the effects of RSV on gene regulation on a wide scale, possibly to detect novel genes whose up-regulation by RSV may be of interest with respect to disease treatment. We performed Next Generation Sequencing of RNA on normal fibroblasts treated with RSV. To investigate whether the effects of RSV are mediated through SIRT1 we expanded the analysis to include SIRT1-knockdown fibroblasts. We identified the aspartoacylase (ASPA) gene, mutated in Canavan disease, to be strongly up-regulated by RSV in several cell lines, including Canavan disease fibroblasts. We further link RSV to the up-regulation of other genes involved in myelination including the glial specific transcription factors POU3F1, POU3F2, and myelin basic protein (MBP). We also observe a strong up-regulation by RSV of the riboflavin transporter gene SLC52a1. Mutations in SLC52a1 cause transient multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD). Our analysis of alternative splicing identified novel metabolically important genes affected by RSV, among which is particularly interesting the α subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα), which regulates the cellular levels of cAMP through adenylyl cyclase. We conclude that in fibroblasts RSV stimulates the PGC-1α and p53 pathways, and up-regulates genes affecting the glucose metabolism, mitochondrial β-oxidation, and mitochondrial biogenesis. We further confirm that RSV might be a relevant treatment in the correction of FAO deficiencies and we suggest that treatment in other metabolic disorders including Canavan disease and MADD might be also beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Dembic
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Henriette S Andersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Jean Bastin
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, cedex 06, France
| | - Thomas K Doktor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Thomas J Corydon
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Ophthalmology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Jörn Oliver Sass
- Research Group Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Natural Sciences & IFGA, University of Applied Sciences, Rheinbach, Germany.
| | - Alexandra Lopes Costa
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, cedex 06, France
| | - Fatima Djouadi
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, UFR Biomédicale des Saints-Pères, 45, rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris, cedex 06, France
| | - Brage S Andresen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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24
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Millership SJ, Tunster SJ, Van de Pette M, Choudhury AI, Irvine EE, Christian M, Fisher AG, John RM, Scott J, Withers DJ. Neuronatin deletion causes postnatal growth restriction and adult obesity in 129S2/Sv mice. Mol Metab 2018; 18:97-106. [PMID: 30279096 PMCID: PMC6308027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Imprinted genes are crucial for the growth and development of fetal and juvenile mammals. Altered imprinted gene dosage causes a variety of human disorders, with growth and development during these crucial early stages strongly linked with future metabolic health in adulthood. Neuronatin (Nnat) is a paternally expressed imprinted gene found in neuroendocrine systems and white adipose tissue and is regulated by the diet and leptin. Neuronatin expression is downregulated in obese children and has been associated with stochastic obesity in C57BL/6 mice. However, our recent studies of Nnat null mice on this genetic background failed to display any body weight or feeding phenotypes but revealed a defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion due to the ability of neuronatin to potentiate signal peptidase cleavage of preproinsulin. Nnat deficiency in beta cells therefore caused a lack of appropriate storage and secretion of mature insulin. METHODS To further explore the potential role of Nnat in the regulation of body weight and adiposity, we studied classical imprinting-related phenotypes such as placental, fetal, and postnatal growth trajectory patterns that may impact upon subsequent adult metabolic phenotypes. RESULTS Here we find that, in contrast to the lack of any body weight or feeding phenotypes on the C57BL/6J background, deletion of Nnat in mice on 129S2/Sv background causes a postnatal growth restriction with reduced adipose tissue accumulation, followed by catch up growth after weaning. This was in the absence of any effect on fetal growth or placental development. In adult 129S2/Sv mice, Nnat deletion was associated with hyperphagia, reduced energy expenditure, and partial leptin resistance. Lack of neuronatin also potentiated obesity caused by either aging or high fat diet feeding. CONCLUSIONS The imprinted gene Nnat plays a key role in postnatal growth, adult energy homeostasis, and the pathogenesis of obesity via catch up growth effects, but this role is dependent upon genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Millership
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Simon J Tunster
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | | | | | - Elaine E Irvine
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mark Christian
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Amanda G Fisher
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Rosalind M John
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, CF10 3AX, UK
| | - James Scott
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Dominic J Withers
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK.
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25
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Cedernaes J, Schönke M, Westholm JO, Mi J, Chibalin A, Voisin S, Osler M, Vogel H, Hörnaeus K, Dickson SL, Lind SB, Bergquist J, Schiöth HB, Zierath JR, Benedict C. Acute sleep loss results in tissue-specific alterations in genome-wide DNA methylation state and metabolic fuel utilization in humans. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaar8590. [PMID: 30140739 PMCID: PMC6105229 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar8590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Curtailed sleep promotes weight gain and loss of lean mass in humans, although the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the genomic and physiological impact of acute sleep loss in peripheral tissues by obtaining adipose tissue and skeletal muscle after one night of sleep loss and after one full night of sleep. We find that acute sleep loss alters genome-wide DNA methylation in adipose tissue, and unbiased transcriptome-, protein-, and metabolite-level analyses also reveal highly tissue-specific changes that are partially reflected by altered metabolite levels in blood. We observe transcriptomic signatures of inflammation in both tissues following acute sleep loss, but changes involving the circadian clock are evident only in skeletal muscle, and we uncover molecular signatures suggestive of muscle breakdown that contrast with an anabolic adipose tissue signature. Our findings provide insight into how disruption of sleep and circadian rhythms may promote weight gain and sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milena Schönke
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jakub Orzechowski Westholm
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia Mi
- Department of Chemistry–BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Medicine and Pharmarcy Research Center, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Alexander Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sarah Voisin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Megan Osler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Heike Vogel
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Suzanne L. Dickson
- Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jonas Bergquist
- Department of Chemistry–BMC, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
- Precision Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Juleen R. Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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26
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Kuzel AR, Lodhi MU, Rahim M. Classic and Non-Classic Features in Pseudohypoparathyroidism: Case Study and Brief Literature Review. Cureus 2017; 9:e1878. [PMID: 29387507 PMCID: PMC5786345 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.1878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a rare condition that is due to a defect in the stimulatory G-protein coupled receptor, resulting in end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone. Hereditary forms of pseudohypoparathyroidism present with certain classic features such as obesity, short stature, brachydactyly, and intellectual disability. Constellation of these physical features is known as Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. In this case, 41-year-old male presented with the classic features of pseudohypoparathyroidism and with 59 lbs weight gain over six months. It was determined that the cause of the patient's weight gain was due to concomitant hypothyroidism, which is a common association. There are several non-classic features and associated pathologies associated with pseudohypoparathyroidism. These conditions should be regularly screened for and assessed when a patient presents with pseudohypoparathyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Kuzel
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University-Debusk College of Osteopathic Medicine
| | | | - Mustafa Rahim
- Assistant Clinical Professor of Internal Medicine, West Virginia University School of Medicine
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27
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Reyes M, Karaca A, Bastepe M, Gulcelik NE, Jüppner H. A novel deletion involving GNAS exon 1 causes PHP1A and further refines the region required for normal methylation at exon A/B. Bone 2017; 103:281-286. [PMID: 28711660 PMCID: PMC5943703 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
GNAS exons 1-13 encode the biallelically expressed alpha-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gαs). Additional transcripts derived from this locus use alternative first exons that undergo parent-specific methylation, thus allowing transcription only from the non-modified allele. Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ia (PHP1A) is characterized by Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AHO) and resistance to multiple hormones; this disorder is caused by maternal inactivating mutations involving Gαs exons. In contrast, pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) is characterized mostly by resistance to PTH and often mild TSH resistance, usually without AHO features. The autosomal dominant variant of PHP1B (AD-PHP1B) is caused by maternal deletions in GNAS or STX16 that reduce Gαs expression through loss-of-methylation at GNAS exon A/B alone or at multiple differentially methylated regions (DMR). Several large maternal deletions involve not only GNAS exons 1-13, but also one or several GNAS DMRs, thus causing PHP1A combined with apparent GNAS epigenetic changes that are indistinguishable from those observed in PHP1B. Some of these deletions include a large CpG island extending from exon A/B to the intron between GNAS exons 1 and 2, but there is no evidence for parent-specific exon 1 methylation. We now describe a family in which the female proband and her daughter presented with hypocalcemia, elevated PTH levels, shortened metacarpals, and obesity, but without obvious neurocognitive abnormalities. A maternally inherited 2015-bp deletion that includes GNAS exon 1 was identified thereby establishing the diagnosis of PHP1A. The centromeric deletion breakpoint is located 178bp upstream of exon 1, yet no methylation changes were observed at exon A/B. This novel deletion therefore refines further the region between exon A/B and exon 1 that is critical for establishing or maintaining normal methylation at GNAS exon A/B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anara Karaca
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Bastepe
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nese Ersoz Gulcelik
- Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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28
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Zubidat AE, Haim A. Artificial light-at-night - a novel lifestyle risk factor for metabolic disorder and cancer morbidity. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:295-313. [PMID: 28682785 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Both obesity and breast cancer are already recognized worldwide as the most common syndromes in our modern society. Currently, there is accumulating evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies suggesting that these syndromes are closely associated with circadian disruption. It has been suggested that melatonin (MLT) and the circadian clock genes both play an important role in the development of these syndromes. However, we still poorly understand the molecular mechanism underlying the association between circadian disruption and the modern health syndromes. One promising candidate is epigenetic modifications of various genes, including clock genes, circadian-related genes, oncogenes, and metabolic genes. DNA methylation is the most prominent epigenetic signaling tool for gene expression regulation induced by environmental exposures, such as artificial light-at-night (ALAN). In this review, we first provide an overview on the molecular feedback loops that generate the circadian regulation and how circadian disruption by ALAN can impose adverse impacts on public health, particularly metabolic disorders and breast cancer development. We then focus on the relation between ALAN-induced circadian disruption and both global DNA methylation and specific loci methylation in relation to obesity and breast cancer morbidities. DNA hypo-methylation and DNA hyper-methylation, are suggested as the most studied epigenetic tools for the activation and silencing of genes that regulate metabolic and monostatic responses. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical and therapeutic roles of MLT suppression and DNA methylation patterns as novel biomarkers for the early detection of metabolic disorders and breast cancer development.
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29
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Grigelioniene G, Nevalainen PI, Reyes M, Thiele S, Tafaj O, Molinaro A, Takatani R, Ala-Houhala M, Nilsson D, Eisfeldt J, Lindstrand A, Kottler ML, Mäkitie O, Jüppner H. A Large Inversion Involving GNAS Exon A/B and All Exons Encoding Gsα Is Associated With Autosomal Dominant Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (PHP1B). J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:776-783. [PMID: 28084650 PMCID: PMC5395346 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B) is characterized primarily by resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and thus hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia, in most cases without evidence for Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO). PHP1B is associated with epigenetic changes at one or several differentially-methylated regions (DMRs) within GNAS, which encodes the α-subunit of the stimulatory G protein (Gsα) and splice variants thereof. Heterozygous, maternally inherited STX16 or GNAS deletions leading to isolated loss-of-methylation (LOM) at exon A/B alone or at all maternal DMRs are the cause of autosomal dominant PHP1B (AD-PHP1B). In this study, we analyzed three affected individuals, the female proband and her two sons. All three revealed isolated LOM at GNAS exon A/B, whereas the proband's healthy maternal grandmother and uncle showed normal methylation at this locus. Haplotype analysis was consistent with linkage to the STX16/GNAS region, yet no deletion could be identified. Whole-genome sequencing of one of the patients revealed a large heterozygous inversion (1,882,433 bp). The centromeric breakpoint of the inversion is located 7,225 bp downstream of GNAS exon XL, but its DMR showed no methylation abnormality, raising the possibility that the inversion disrupts a regulatory element required only for establishing or maintaining exon A/B methylation. Because our three patients presented phenotypes consistent with PHP1B, and not with PHP1A, the Gsα promoter is probably unaffected by the inversion. Our findings expand the spectrum of genetic mutations that lead to LOM at exon A/B alone and thus biallelic expression of the transcript derived from this alternative first GNAS exon. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedre Grigelioniene
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pasi I Nevalainen
- Endocrine Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susanne Thiele
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olta Tafaj
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo Molinaro
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rieko Takatani
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marja Ala-Houhala
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jesper Eisfeldt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet Science Park, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindstrand
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie-Laure Kottler
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Caen, Department of Genetics, Reference Centre for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Caen, France
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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30
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Fulzele K, Lai F, Dedic C, Saini V, Uda Y, Shi C, Tuck P, Aronson JL, Liu X, Spatz JM, Wein MN, Pajevic PD. Osteocyte-Secreted Wnt Signaling Inhibitor Sclerostin Contributes to Beige Adipogenesis in Peripheral Fat Depots. J Bone Miner Res 2017; 32:373-384. [PMID: 27653320 PMCID: PMC5525330 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cells of the osteoblast lineage are increasingly identified as participants in whole-body metabolism by primarily targeting pancreatic insulin secretion or consuming energy. Osteocytes, the most abundant bone cells, secrete a Wnt-signaling inhibitor called sclerostin. Here we examined three mouse models expressing high sclerostin levels, achieved through constitutive or inducible loss of the stimulatory subunit of G-proteins (Gsα in mature osteoblasts and/or osteocytes). These mice showed progressive loss of white adipose tissue (WAT) with tendency toward increased energy expenditure but no changes in glucose or insulin metabolism. Interestingly beige adipocytes were increased extensively in both gonadal and inguinal WAT and had reduced canonical β-catenin signaling. To determine if sclerostin directly contributes to the increased beige adipogenesis, we engineered an osteocytic cell line lacking Gsα which has high sclerostin secretion. Conditioned media from these cells significantly increased expression of UCP1 in primary adipocytes, and this effect was partially reduced after depletion of sclerostin from the conditioned media. Similarly, treatment of Gsα-deficient animals with sclerostin-neutralizing antibody partially reduced the increased UCP1 expression in WAT. Moreover, direct treatment of sclerostin to wild-type mice significantly increased UCP1 expression in WAT. These results show that osteocytes and/or osteoblasts secrete factors regulating beige adipogenesis, at least in part, through the Wnt-signaling inhibitor sclerostin. Further studies are needed to assess metabolic effects of sclerostin on adipocytes and other metabolic tissues. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keertik Fulzele
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Forest Lai
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher Dedic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vaibhav Saini
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuhei Uda
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao Shi
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Padrig Tuck
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna L Aronson
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan M Spatz
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc N Wein
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Divieti Pajevic
- Molecular and Cell Biology, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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31
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Li Z, Lu J, Chen J, Pang Q, Nan R, Zhu Z. Expression and localization of guanine nucleotide-binding protein alpha S in the testis and epididymis of rams at different developmental stages. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 178:31-39. [PMID: 28108049 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The guanine nucleotide-binding alpha S subunit (Gαs) is an important element of key signaling pathways, which is widely expressed in mammalian tissues; however, its role in the reproductive system is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression and localization of Gαs in the testes and epididymis of rams at different developmental stages using quantitative RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. In 1-, 6-, and 12-month-old rams, the transcription of Gαs-encoding gene (Gnαs) was significantly upregulated in the corpus and cauda epididymis compared to the testes and caput epididymis (P<0.05). At 12 months, the level of Gnαs mRNA was higher than that at 1 and 6 months for all tested tissues (P<0.05). The Gαs protein was detected in the principal cells and interstitial epididymal cells, including Sertoli and Leydig cells, as well as in testicular cells, spermatogonial stem cells, and spermatocytes. Gαs expression was the highest in the cauda epididymis (P<0.05), followed by the corpus epididymis, caput epididymis, and testes. The results indicate that in the reproductive organs of rams, Gαs is expressed in a tissue-specific and age-dependent manner. The high levels of Gαs observed in the epididymis suggest that Gαs may influence the composition of the epididymal lumen fluid and, consequently, the microenvironment for spermatozoa maturation. Thus, Gαs could play an important role in spermatogenesis and the development of the testes and epididymis in the reproductive system of rams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jieli Lu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- Institute of Farm Product Storage and Fresh-keeping, Shanxi Academy of Agriculture Science, Taiyuan, PR China
| | - Quanhai Pang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China.
| | - Ruipeng Nan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Zhu
- College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, PR China
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Linglart A, Maupetit-Méhouas S, Silve C. GNAS -Related Loss-of-Function Disorders and the Role of Imprinting. Horm Res Paediatr 2016; 79:119-29. [PMID: 23548772 DOI: 10.1159/000348516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
GNAS (guanine nucleotide-binding protein, α stimulating) is a complex imprinted locus coding, besides the α-stimulatory subunit of the G protein, the paternally (extra-large, antisense and A/B) and maternally (neuroendocrine secretory protein) transcripts. Heterozygous mutations in the coding sequence of GNAS produce dominant phenotypes (combination of resistances to hormones signaling through G-protein-coupled receptors, osteodystrophy and obesity) that depend on the parental origin of the mutated allele. Likewise, alterations in the methylation at promoters of GNAS transcripts, associated or not with deletions of imprinting control regions in the nearby STX16 gene or within GNAS, prompt resistance to parathormone when affecting the maternal allele. Therefore, imprinting of GNAS is the determining factor for the variability of the phenotype. Knowledge of the various phenotypes is necessary for genetic counseling as well as an appropriate therapeutic balance between regular follow-up, prevention of disease complications and iatrogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Linglart
- Endocrinology and Diabetology for Children and French Center of Reference for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism, Bicêtre-Paris-Sud Hospital, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Clarke BL, Brown EM, Collins MT, Jüppner H, Lakatos P, Levine MA, Mannstadt MM, Bilezikian JP, Romanischen AF, Thakker RV. Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016; 101:2284-99. [PMID: 26943720 PMCID: PMC5393595 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypoparathyroidism is a disorder characterized by hypocalcemia due to insufficient secretion of PTH. Pseudohypoparathyroidism is a less common disorder due to target organ resistance to PTH. This report summarizes the results of the findings and recommendations of the Working Group on Epidemiology and Diagnosis of Hypoparathyroidism. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Each contributing author reviewed the recent published literature regarding epidemiology and diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism using PubMed and other medical literature search engines. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS The prevalence of hypoparathyroidism is an estimated 37 per 100 000 person-years in the United States and 22 per 100 000 person-years in Denmark. The incidence in Denmark is approximately 0.8 per 100 000 person-years. Estimates of prevalence and incidence of hypoparathyroidism are currently lacking in most other countries. Hypoparathyroidism increases the risk of renal insufficiency, kidney stones, posterior subcapsular cataracts, and intracerebral calcifications, but it does not appear to increase overall mortality, cardiovascular disease, fractures, or malignancy. The diagnosis depends upon accurate measurement of PTH by second- and third-generation assays. The most common etiology is postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, followed by autoimmune disorders and rarely genetic disorders. Even more rare are etiologies including parathyroid gland infiltration, external radiation treatment, and radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid disease. Differentiation between these different etiologies is aided by the clinical presentation, serum biochemistries, and in some cases, genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS Hypoparathyroidism is often associated with complications and comorbidities. It is important for endocrinologists and other physicians who care for these patients to be aware of recent advances in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and genetics of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart L Clarke
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Edward M Brown
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T Collins
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Lakatos
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Levine
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Michael M Mannstadt
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - John P Bilezikian
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Anatoly F Romanischen
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Mayo Clinic (B.L.C.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Rochester, Minnesota 55905; Harvard Medical School (E.M.B.), Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; Skeletal Clinical Studies Unit (M.T.C.), Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit (H.J.), Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114; First Department of Medicine (P.L.), Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest 1085, Hungary; Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes (M.A.L.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104; Massachusetts General Hospital (M.M.M.), Boston, Massachusetts 02114; Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons (J.P.B.), New York, New York 10032; Department of Hospital Surgery and Oncology of St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical Academy (A.F.R.), St. Petersburg 194100, Russia; and Academic Endocrine Unit (R.V.T.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, United Kingdom
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Takatani R, Molinaro A, Grigelioniene G, Tafaj O, Watanabe T, Reyes M, Sharma A, Singhal V, Raymond FL, Linglart A, Jüppner H. Analysis of Multiple Families With Single Individuals Affected by Pseudohypoparathyroidism Type Ib (PHP1B) Reveals Only One Novel Maternally Inherited GNAS Deletion. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:796-805. [PMID: 26479409 PMCID: PMC4826817 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Proximal tubular resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) resulting in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia are preeminent abnormalities in pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B), but resistance toward other hormones as well as variable features of Albright's Hereditary Osteodystrophy (AHO) can occur also. Genomic DNA from PHP1B patients shows epigenetic changes at one or multiple differentially methylated regions (DMRs) within GNAS, the gene encoding Gαs and splice variants thereof. In the autosomal dominant disease variant, these methylation abnormalities are caused by deletions in STX16 or GNAS on the maternal allele. The molecular defect(s) leading to sporadic PHP1B (sporPHP1B) remains in most cases unknown and we therefore analyzed 60 sporPHP1B patients and available family members by microsatellite markers, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and methylation-specific MLPA (MS-MLPA). All investigated cases revealed broad GNAS methylation changes, but no evidence for inheritance of two paternal chromosome 20q alleles. Some patients with partial epigenetic modifications in DNA from peripheral blood cells showed more complete GNAS methylation changes when testing their immortalized lymphoblastoid cells. Analysis of siblings and children of sporPHP1B patients provided no evidence for an abnormal mineral ion regulation and no changes in GNAS methylation. Only one patient revealed, based on MLPA and microsatellite analyses, evidence for an allelic loss, which resulted in the discovery of two adjacent, maternally inherited deletions (37,597 and 1427 bp, respectively) that remove the area between GNAS antisense exons 3 and 5, including exon NESP. Our findings thus emphasize that the region comprising antisense exons 3 and 4 is required for establishing all maternal GNAS methylation imprints. The genetic defect(s) leading in sporPHP1B to epigenetic GNAS changes and thus PTH-resistance remains unknown, but it seems unlikely that this disease variant is caused by heterozygous inherited or de novo mutations involving GNAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Takatani
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Angelo Molinaro
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giedre Grigelioniene
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olta Tafaj
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Watanabe
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Reyes
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amita Sharma
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vibha Singhal
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Lucy Raymond
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agnès Linglart
- Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, French National Reference Centre for Rare Disorders of Mineral Metabolism, AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre Paris Sud, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Sud, le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Nye MD, King KE, Darrah TH, Maguire R, Jima DD, Huang Z, Mendez MA, Fry RC, Jirtle RL, Murphy SK, Hoyo C. Maternal blood lead concentrations, DNA methylation of MEG3 DMR regulating the DLK1/MEG3 imprinted domain and early growth in a multiethnic cohort. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvv009. [PMID: 28123784 PMCID: PMC5258134 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvv009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to lead (Pb) is known to decrease fetal growth; but its effects on postnatal growth and mechanistic insights linking Pb to growth are not clearly defined. Genomically imprinted genes are powerful regulators of growth and energy utilization, and may be particularly vulnerable to environmental Pb exposure. Because imprinting is established early and maintained via DNA methylation, we hypothesized that prenatal Pb exposure alters DNA methylation of imprinted genes resulting in lower birth weight and rapid growth. Pb was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in peripheral blood of 321 women of the Newborn Epigenetic STudy (NEST) obtained at gestation ~12 weeks. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between maternal Pb levels, methylation of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) regulating H19, MEG3, PEG3, and PLAGL1, measured by pyrosequencing, birth weight, and weight-for-height z score gains between birth and age 1yr, ages 1-2yrs, and 2-3yrs. Children born to women with Pb levels in the upper tertile had higher methylation of the regulatory region of the MEG3 DMR imprinted domain (β= 1.57, se= 0.82, p= 0.06). Pb levels were also associated with lower birth weight (β= -0.41, se= 0.15, p= 0.01) and rapid gains in adiposity (OR= 12.32, 95%CI=1.25-121.30, p= 0.03) by age 2-3 years. These data provide early human evidence for Pb associations with hypermethylation at the MEG3 DMR regulatory region and rapid adiposity gain-a risk factor for childhood obesity and cardiometabolic diseases in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica D. Nye
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine E. King
- Environmental Public Health Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas H. Darrah
- School of Earth Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Rachel Maguire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Dereje D. Jima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Michelle A. Mendez
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Public Health Fellow, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2101G McGavran-Greenberg Hall Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7461, USA
| | - Rebecca C. Fry
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 West Street, CB 7295, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Curriculum in Toxicology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, CB 7431, UNC, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Randy L. Jirtle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Randy L. Jirtle,
http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1767-045X
| | - Susan K. Murphy
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University, B226 LSRC, Box 91012, Research Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Susan K. Murphy,
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8298-7272
| | - Cathrine Hoyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- *Correspondence address. Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Human Health and Environment, Campus Box 7633, NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA. E-mail:
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Gsα deficiency in adipose tissue improves glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity without an effect on body weight. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 113:446-51. [PMID: 26712027 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1517142113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gsα, the G protein that transduces receptor-stimulated cAMP generation, mediates sympathetic nervous system stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), which are both potential targets for treating obesity, as well as lipolysis. We generated a mouse line with Gsα deficiency in mature BAT and WAT adipocytes (Ad-GsKO). Ad-GsKO mice had impaired BAT function, absent browning of WAT, and reduced lipolysis, and were therefore cold-intolerant. Despite the presence of these abnormalities, Ad-GsKO mice maintained normal energy balance on both standard and high-fat diets, associated with decreases in both lipolysis and lipid synthesis. In addition, Ad-GsKO mice maintained at thermoneutrality on a standard diet also had normal energy balance. Ad-GsKO mice had improved insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism, possibly secondary to the effects of reduced lipolysis and lower circulating fatty acid binding protein 4 levels. Gsα signaling in adipose tissues may therefore affect whole-body glucose metabolism in the absence of an effect on body weight.
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Jiang Z, Dong H, Zheng X, Marjani SL, Donovan DM, Chen J, Tian XC. mRNA Levels of Imprinted Genes in Bovine In Vivo Oocytes, Embryos and Cross Species Comparisons with Humans, Mice and Pigs. Sci Rep 2015; 5:17898. [PMID: 26638780 PMCID: PMC4671149 DOI: 10.1038/srep17898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-six imprinted genes were quantified in bovine in vivo produced oocytes and embryos using RNA-seq. Eighteen were detectable and their transcriptional patterns were: largely decreased (MEST and PLAGL1); first decreased and then increased (CDKN1C and IGF2R); peaked at a specific stage (PHLDA2, SGCE, PEG10, PEG3, GNAS, MEG3, DGAT1, ASCL2, NNAT, and NAP1L5); or constantly low (DIRAS3, IGF2, H19 and RTL1). These patterns reflect mRNAs that are primarily degraded, important at a specific stage, or only required at low quantities. The mRNAs for several genes were surprisingly abundant. For instance, transcripts for the maternally imprinted MEST and PLAGL1, were high in oocytes and could only be expressed from the maternal allele suggesting that their genomic imprints were not yet established/recognized. Although the mRNAs detected here were likely biallelically transcribed before the establishment of imprinted expression, the levels of mRNA during these critical stages of development have important functional consequences. Lastly, we compared these genes to their counterparts in mice, humans and pigs. Apart from previously known differences in the imprinting status, the mRNA levels were different among these four species. The data presented here provide a solid reference for expression profiles of imprinted genes in embryos produced using assisted reproductive biotechnologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongliang Jiang
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
| | - Hong Dong
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xinbao Zheng
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Sadie L Marjani
- Department of Biology, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, Connecticut, 06050, USA
| | - David M Donovan
- Animal Biosciences and Biotechnology Laboratory, Agricultural Research Services, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, 20705, USA
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang, P.R. China
| | - Xiuchun Cindy Tian
- Center for Regenerative Biology, Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, 06269, USA
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Li YQ, Shrestha Y, Pandey M, Chen M, Kablan A, Gavrilova O, Offermanns S, Weinstein LS. G(q/11)α and G(s)α mediate distinct physiological responses to central melanocortins. J Clin Invest 2015; 126:40-9. [PMID: 26595811 DOI: 10.1172/jci76348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of brain melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4Rs) leads to reduced food intake, increased energy expenditure, increased insulin sensitivity, and reduced linear growth. MC4R effects on energy expenditure and glucose metabolism are primarily mediated by the G protein G(s)α in brain regions outside of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). However, the G protein(s) that is involved in MC4R-mediated suppression of food intake and linear growth, which are believed to be regulated primarily though action in the PVN, is unknown. Here, we show that PVN-specific loss of G(q)α and G11α, which stimulate PLC, leads to severe hyperphagic obesity, increased linear growth, and inactivation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, without affecting energy expenditure or glucose metabolism. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ability of an MC4R agonist delivered to PVN to inhibit food intake is lost in mice lacking G(q/11)α in the PVN but not in animals deficient for G(s)α. The blood pressure response to the same MC4R agonist was only lost in animals lacking G(s)α specifically in the PVN. Together, our results exemplify how different physiological effects of GPCRs may be mediated by different G proteins and identify a pathway for appetite regulation that could be selectively targeted by G(q/11)α-biased MC4R agonists as a potential treatment for obesity.
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Hochner H, Allard C, Granot-Hershkovitz E, Chen J, Sitlani CM, Sazdovska S, Lumley T, McKnight B, Rice K, Enquobahrie DA, Meigs JB, Kwok P, Hivert MF, Borecki IB, Gomez F, Wang T, van Duijn C, Amin N, Rotter JI, Stamatoyannopoulos J, Meiner V, Manor O, Dupuis J, Friedlander Y, Siscovick DS. Parent-of-Origin Effects of the APOB Gene on Adiposity in Young Adults. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005573. [PMID: 26451733 PMCID: PMC4599806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Loci identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of cardio-metabolic traits account for a small proportion of the traits' heritability. To date, most association studies have not considered parent-of-origin effects (POEs). Here we report investigation of POEs on adiposity and glycemic traits in young adults. The Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study (JPS), comprising 1250 young adults and their mothers was used for discovery. Focusing on 18 genes identified by previous GWAS as associated with cardio-metabolic traits, we used linear regression to examine the associations of maternally- and paternally-derived offspring minor alleles with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose and insulin. We replicated and meta-analyzed JPS findings in individuals of European ancestry aged ≤50 belonging to pedigrees from the Framingham Heart Study, Family Heart Study and Erasmus Rucphen Family study (total N≅4800). We considered p<2.7x10-4 statistically significant to account for multiple testing. We identified a common coding variant in the 4th exon of APOB (rs1367117) with a significant maternally-derived effect on BMI (β = 0.8; 95%CI:0.4,1.1; p = 3.1x10-5) and WC (β = 2.7; 95%CI:1.7,3.7; p = 2.1x10-7). The corresponding paternally-derived effects were non-significant (p>0.6). Suggestive maternally-derived associations of rs1367117 were observed with fasting glucose (β = 0.9; 95%CI:0.3,1.5; p = 4.0x10-3) and insulin (ln-transformed, β = 0.06; 95%CI:0.03,0.1; p = 7.4x10-4). Bioinformatic annotation for rs1367117 revealed a variety of regulatory functions in this region in liver and adipose tissues and a 50% methylation pattern in liver only, consistent with allelic-specific methylation, which may indicate tissue-specific POE. Our findings demonstrate a maternal-specific association between a common APOB variant and adiposity, an association that was not previously detected in GWAS. These results provide evidence for the role of regulatory mechanisms, POEs specifically, in adiposity. In addition this study highlights the benefit of utilizing family studies for deciphering the genetic architecture of complex traits. To date, genetic variants identified in large-scale genetic studies using recent technical and methodological advances explain only a small proportion of the genetic basis of obesity, diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors. These studies were typically conducted in samples of unrelated individuals. Here we utilize a family-based approach to identify genetic variants associated with obesity-related traits. Specifically, we examined the separate contribution of maternally- vs. paternally-inherited common genetic variants to these traits. By examining 1250 young adults and their mothers from Jerusalem, we show that a specific genetic variant, rs1367117, located in the APOB gene on chromosome 2 is related to body mass index and waist circumference when inherited from mother and not from father. This maternal effect is not restricted to Jerusalemites, but is also seen in a large sample of individuals of European descent from independent family studies worldwide. Our findings provide support of the role of complex genetic mechanisms in obesity, and highlight the benefit of utilizing family studies for uncovering genetic pathways underlying common risk factors and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
- * E-mail:
| | - Catherine Allard
- Département de Mathématiques, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Jinbo Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sandra Sazdovska
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Thomas Lumley
- Department of Statistics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - James B. Meigs
- Harvard Medical School and General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Pui Kwok
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Felicia Gomez
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Cornelia van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences and Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - John Stamatoyannopoulos
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics and Metabolism, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Orly Manor
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S. Siscovick
- New York Academy of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
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Lee S, Mannstadt M, Guo J, Kim SM, Yi HS, Khatri A, Dean T, Okazaki M, Gardella TJ, Jüppner H. A Homozygous [Cys25]PTH(1-84) Mutation That Impairs PTH/PTHrP Receptor Activation Defines a Novel Form of Hypoparathyroidism. J Bone Miner Res 2015; 30:1803-13. [PMID: 25891861 PMCID: PMC4580526 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia are encountered in idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (IHP) and pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP1B). In contrast to PHP1B, which is caused by resistance toward parathyroid hormone (PTH), the genetic defects leading to IHP impair production of this important regulator of mineral ion homeostasis. So far, only five PTH mutations were shown to cause IHP, each of which is located in the hormone's pre-pro leader segment and thus impair hormone secretion. In three siblings affected by IHP, we now identified a homozygous arginine-to-cysteine mutation at position 25 (R25C) of the mature PTH(1-84) polypeptide; heterozygous family members are healthy. Depending on the assay used for evaluating these patients, plasma PTH levels were either low or profoundly elevated, thus leading to ambiguities regarding the underlying diagnosis, namely IHP or PHP1B. Consistent with increased PTH levels, recombinant [Cys25]PTH(1-84) and wild-type PTH(1-84) were secreted equally well by transfected COS-7 cells. However, synthetic [Cys25]PTH(1-34) was found to have a lower binding affinity for the PTH receptor type-1 (PTH1R) than PTH(1-34) and consequently a lower efficiency for stimulating cAMP formation in cells expressing this receptor. Consistent with these in vitro findings, long-term infusion of [Cys25]PTH(1-34) resulted only in minimal calcemic and phosphaturic responses, despite readily detectable levels of [Cys25]PTH(1-34) in plasma. The mineral ion abnormalities observed in the three IHP patients are thus most likely caused by the inherited homozygous missense PTH mutation, which reduces bioactivity of the secreted hormone. Based on these findings, screening for PTH(1-84) mutations should be considered when clinical and laboratory findings are consistent with PHP1B, but GNAS methylation changes have been excluded. Differentiating between IHP and PHP1B has considerable implications for genetic counseling, therapy, and long-term outcome because treatment of IHP patients with inappropriately high doses of active vitamin D and calcium can contribute to development of nephrocalcinosis and chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihoon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Michael Mannstadt
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Guo
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Seul Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Ashok Khatri
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Dean
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Makoto Okazaki
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Gardella
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Jüppner H. Genetic and epigenetic defects at the GNAS locus cause different forms of pseudohypoparathyroidism. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2015; 76:92-7. [PMID: 25882888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Jüppner
- Endocrine Unit and Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 02114 Boston, United States.
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42
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Chen D, Zhang A, Fang M, Fang R, Ge J, Jiang Y, Zhang H, Han C, Ye X, Huang H, Liu Y, Dong M. Increased methylation at differentially methylated region of GNAS in infants born to gestational diabetes. BMC MEDICAL GENETICS 2014; 15:108. [PMID: 25269528 PMCID: PMC4411875 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-014-0108-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Offspring of pregnancy complicated with gestational diabetes (GDM) are at high risk for metabolic diseases. The mechanisms behind the association of intrauterine exposure to GDM and high risk of health problems in later life remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to clarify the alteration in methylation levels at differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of GNAS and IGF2 in fetuses of GDM women and to explore the possible mechanisms linking maternal GDM with high risk of metabolic diseases in later life of GDM offspring. METHODS Lymphocytes were isolated from umbilical cord blood of infants born to 87 women with GDM and 81 women with normal pregnancy. Genomic DNA was extracted and DNA methylation levels of GNAS and IGF2 DMRs were determined by Massarray quantitative methylation analysis. RESULTS The methylation levels were detected in 7 CpG sites of GNAS DMRs and 6 sites of IGF2 DMRs. Methylation levels were significantly higher at sites 4, 5 and 7 of GNAS DMR in GDM compared to normal pregnancy (P = 0.007, 0.008 and 0.008, respectively). The methylation level at site 4 of GNAS was significantly correlated with the presence of GDM (P = 0.003), the methylation levels at site 5 and 7 were significantly correlated with the presence of GDM (P = 0.002 for both) and gestational age (P = 0.027 for both). There was no significant difference in any sites of IGF2 DMR (P > 0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS We concluded maternal GDM-induced hypermethylation at GNAS DMR and this condition may be among the mechanisms associating maternal GDM with increased risk of metabolic diseases in later life of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Chen
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Aiping Zhang
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Min Fang
- Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
| | - Rong Fang
- Huzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Huzhou, China.
| | - Jiamei Ge
- Jiaxing Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Jiaxing, China.
| | - Yuan Jiang
- Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, China.
| | - Hong Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Cong Han
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaoqun Ye
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Hefeng Huang
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, The Ministry of Education, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, 303 Mingdao Building, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai, 200032, PR China.
| | - Minyue Dong
- Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 1 Xueshi Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang Province, China. .,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Women's Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Peters J. The role of genomic imprinting in biology and disease: an expanding view. Nat Rev Genet 2014; 15:517-30. [PMID: 24958438 DOI: 10.1038/nrg3766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that results in monoallelic gene expression according to parental origin. It has long been established that imprinted genes have major effects on development and placental biology before birth. More recently, it has become evident that imprinted genes also have important roles after birth. In this Review, I bring together studies of the effects of imprinted genes from the prenatal period onwards. Recent work on postnatal stages shows that imprinted genes influence an extraordinarily wide-ranging array of biological processes, the effects of which extend into adulthood, and play important parts in common diseases that range from obesity to psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Peters
- Medical Research Council Mammalian Genetics Unit, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Oxfordshire OX11 0RD, UK
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44
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G protein-coupled receptor accessory proteins and signaling: pharmacogenomic insights. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1175:121-52. [PMID: 25150869 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0956-8_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The identification and characterization of the genes encoding G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and the proteins necessary for the processes of ligand binding, GPCR activation, inactivation, and receptor trafficking to the membrane are discussed in the context of human genetic disease. In addition to functional GPCR variants, the identification of genetic disruptions affecting proteins necessary to GPCR functions have provided insights into the function of these pathways. Gsα and Gβ subunit polymorphisms have been found to result in complex phenotypes. Disruptions in accessory proteins that normally modify or organize heterotrimeric G-protein coupling may also result in disease states. These include the contribution of variants of the regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) protein to hypertension; the role variants of the activator of G protein signaling (AGS) proteins to phenotypes (such as the type III AGS8 variant to hypoxia); the contribution of G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) proteins, such as GRK4, in disorders such as hypertension. The role of accessory proteins in GPCR structure and function is discussed in the context of genetic disorders associated with disruption of the genes that encode them. An understanding of the pharmacogenomics of GPCR and accessory protein signaling provides the basis for examining both GPCR pharmacogenetics and the genetics of monogenic disorders that result from disruption of given receptor systems.
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Oczkowicz M, Ropka-Molik K, Tyra M. Analysis of the associations between polymorphisms in GNAS complex locus and growth, carcass and meat quality traits in pigs. Mol Biol Rep 2013; 40:6419-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-013-2756-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Lecomte V, Youngson NA, Maloney CA, Morris MJ. Parental programming: How can we improve study design to discern the molecular mechanisms? Bioessays 2013; 35:787-93. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201300051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Lecomte
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Neil A. Youngson
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | | | - Margaret J. Morris
- School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
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Epigenetics and early life origins of chronic noncommunicable diseases. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52:S14-21. [PMID: 23332566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 04/26/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In light of the increasing threats of chronic noncommunicable diseases in developing countries, the growing recognition of the early life origins of chronic disease, and innovative breakthroughs in biomedical research and technology, it is imperative that we harness cutting-edge data to improve health promotion and maintenance. It is well recognized that chronic diseases are complex traits affected by a wide range of environmental and genetic factors; however, the role of epigenetic factors, particularly with regard to early life origins, remains largely unexplored. Given the unique properties of the epigenome-functionality during critical time windows, such as the intrauterine period, heritability, and reversibility-enhancing our understanding of epigenetic mechanisms may offer new opportunities for the development of novel early prediction and prevention paradigms. This may present an unparalleled opportunity to offer maternal and child health professionals important tools with the translational value to predict, detect, and prevent disease at an early age, long before its clinical occurrence, and as such, break lifelong and transgenerational cycles of disease. In doing so, modern technology can be leveraged to make great contributions to population health, quality of life, and reducing the burdensome economic costs of noncommunicable diseases in developing countries.
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Youngson NA, Morris MJ. What obesity research tells us about epigenetic mechanisms. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20110337. [PMID: 23166398 PMCID: PMC3539363 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2011.0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of obesity is extremely complex and is associated with extensive gene expression changes in tissues throughout the body. This situation, combined with the fact that all gene expression changes are thought to have associated epigenetic changes, means that the links between obesity and epigenetics will undoubtedly be vast. Much progress in identifying epigenetic changes induced by (or inducing) obesity has already been made, with candidate and genome-wide approaches. These discoveries will aid the clinician through increasing our understanding of the inheritance, development and treatment of obesity. However, they are also of great value for epigenetic researchers, as they have revealed mechanisms of environmental interactions with epigenetics that can produce or perpetuate a disease state. Here, we will review the evidence for four mechanisms through which epigenetics contributes to obesity: as downstream effectors of environmental signals; through abnormal global epigenetic state driving obesogenic expression patterns; through facilitating developmental programming and through transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, High Street, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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Liu JJ, Russell E, Zhang D, Kaplan FS, Pignolo RJ, Shore EM. Paternally inherited gsα mutation impairs adipogenesis and potentiates a lean phenotype in vivo. Stem Cells 2012; 30:1477-85. [PMID: 22511293 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Paternally inherited inactivating mutations of the GNAS gene have been associated with a rare and disabling genetic disorder, progressive osseous heteroplasia, in which heterotopic ossification occurs within extraskeletal soft tissues, such as skin, subcutaneous fat, and skeletal muscle. This ectopic bone formation is hypothesized to be caused by dysregulated mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation that affects a bipotential osteogenic-adipogenic lineage cell fate switch. Interestingly, patients with paternally inherited inactivating mutations of GNAS are uniformly lean. Using a mouse model of Gsα-specific exon 1 disruption, we examined whether heterozygous inactivation of Gnas affects adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal precursor cells from subcutaneous adipose tissues (fat pad). We found that paternally inherited Gsα inactivation (Gsα(+/p-) ) impairs adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). The Gsα(+/p-) mutation in ASCs also decreased expression of the adipogenic factors CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP)β, C/EBPα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and adipocyte protein 2. Impaired adipocyte differentiation was rescued by an adenylyl cyclase activator, forskolin, and provided evidence that Gsα-cAMP signals are necessary in early stages of this process. Supporting a role for Gnas in adipogenesis in vivo, fat tissue weight and expression of adipogenic genes from multiple types of adipose tissues from Gsα(+/p-) mice were significantly decreased. Interestingly, the inhibition of adipogenesis by paternally inherited Gsα mutation also enhances expression of the osteogenic factors, msh homeobox 2, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin. These data support the hypothesis that Gsα plays a critical role in regulating the balance between fat and bone determination in soft tissues, a finding that has important implications for a wide variety of disorders of osteogenesis and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-jan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Crespi B. Diametric gene-dosage effects as windows into neurogenetic architecture. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2012; 23:143-51. [PMID: 22995549 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression can be modulated in two opposite directions, towards higher or lower amounts of product. How do diametric changes in gene dosage influence neurological development and function? Recent studies of transgenic and knockout mouse models, genomic copy-number variants, imprinted-gene expression alterations, and sex-chromosome aneuploidies are revealing examples of 'mirror-extreme' brain and behavior phenotypes, which provide unique insights into neurodevelopmental architecture. These convergent studies quantitatively connect gene dosages with specific trajectories and outcomes, with important implications for the experimental dissection of normal neurological functions, the genetic analysis of psychiatric disorders, the development of pharmacological therapies, and mechanisms for the evolution of human brain and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Crespi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.
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