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da Silva TF, Glória RDA, Americo MF, Freitas ADS, de Jesus LCL, Barroso FAL, Laguna JG, Coelho-Rocha ND, Tavares LM, le Loir Y, Jan G, Guédon É, Azevedo VADC. Unlocking the Potential of Probiotics: A Comprehensive Review on Research, Production, and Regulation of Probiotics. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1687-1723. [PMID: 38539008 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of probiotic research, covering a wide range of topics, including strain identification, functional characterization, preclinical and clinical evaluations, mechanisms of action, therapeutic applications, manufacturing considerations, and future directions. The screening process for potential probiotics involves phenotypic and genomic analysis to identify strains with health-promoting properties while excluding those with any factor that could be harmful to the host. In vitro assays for evaluating probiotic traits such as acid tolerance, bile metabolism, adhesion properties, and antimicrobial effects are described. The review highlights promising findings from in vivo studies on probiotic mitigation of inflammatory bowel diseases, chemotherapy-induced mucositis, dysbiosis, obesity, diabetes, and bone health, primarily through immunomodulation and modulation of the local microbiota in human and animal models. Clinical studies demonstrating beneficial modulation of metabolic diseases and human central nervous system function are also presented. Manufacturing processes significantly impact the growth, viability, and properties of probiotics, and the composition of the product matrix and supplementation with prebiotics or other strains can modify their effects. The lack of regulatory oversight raises concerns about the quality, safety, and labeling accuracy of commercial probiotics, particularly for vulnerable populations. Advancements in multi-omics approaches, especially probiogenomics, will provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms behind probiotic functionality, allowing for personalized and targeted probiotic therapies. However, it is crucial to simultaneously focus on improving manufacturing practices, implementing quality control standards, and establishing regulatory oversight to ensure the safety and efficacy of probiotic products in the face of increasing therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tales Fernando da Silva
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- UMR1253, INRAE, L'Institut Agro Rennes Angers, STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Rafael de Assis Glória
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Monique Ferrary Americo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Andria Dos Santos Freitas
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luis Claudio Lima de Jesus
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alvarenga Lima Barroso
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juliana Guimarães Laguna
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nina Dias Coelho-Rocha
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Laisa Macedo Tavares
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Yves le Loir
- UMR1253, INRAE, L'Institut Agro Rennes Angers, STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Gwénaël Jan
- UMR1253, INRAE, L'Institut Agro Rennes Angers, STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Éric Guédon
- UMR1253, INRAE, L'Institut Agro Rennes Angers, STLO, Rennes, France
| | - Vasco Ariston de Carvalho Azevedo
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Wang T, Zhang X, Fan L, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Cao Z, Xu Y, Lee S, Lim C, Zhang S. Complete genome sequence and anti-obesity potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum HOM2217 in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet-fed rats. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1436378. [PMID: 39323881 PMCID: PMC11422070 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1436378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The global prevalence of obesity is rising year by year, which has become a public health problem worldwide. Many animal and clinical studies have shown that Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is considered an ideal probiotic and potential supplement for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we aimed to complete the genome sequence of L. plantarum HOM2217, which was isolated from human milk, and study its physiological characteristics and anti-obesity effects in 3T3-L1 cells and rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD) to determine its potential as a starter for functional food products. Whole-genome analysis demonstrated that HOM2217 contained a single circular chromosome of 3,267,529 bp with a GC content of 44.5% and one plasmid (62,350 bp) with a GC content of 38.5%. Compared to the reference strains, HOM2217 demonstrated superior tolerance to gastrointestinal conditions, higher adhesion to intestinal epithelial cell lines, potent antimicrobial activity against Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 13047, and effective cholesterol removal ability in vitro. Treatment with heat-killed HOM2217 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and intracellular triglyceride production in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Daily treatment of HFD-fed rats with HOM2217 for 7 weeks decreased body weight, body weight gain, and body fat without changes in food intake. HOM2217 also significantly increased the serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, decreased the serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and increased short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) (formic acid, acetic acid, and butyric acid) levels in the cecum. Thus, HOM2217 could potentially prevent obesity in rats by inhibiting inflammatory responses and regulating lipid metabolism and SCFAs expression. Therefore, HOM2217 has potential as an alternative treatment for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Research Center, Beijing Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Research Center, Beijing Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Research Center, Beijing Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Research Center, Beijing Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhengwen Zhang
- Research Center, Beijing Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Cao
- Research Center, Beijing Hanmi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Food & Biotech R&D Center, Coree Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Suwon Lee
- Food & Biotech R&D Center, Coree Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Chongyoon Lim
- Food & Biotech R&D Center, Coree Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- Food & Biotech R&D Center, Coree Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
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Tas GG, Sati L. Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus species: considerations for female reproduction and offspring health. J Assist Reprod Genet 2024:10.1007/s10815-024-03230-6. [PMID: 39172320 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-024-03230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lactobacillus rhamnosus is a type of bacteria known as a probiotic and is often used to support the health of the digestive system and vaginal flora. This type of bacteria has an important role, showing positive effects on female reproductive biology, particularly by maintaining the balance of microorganisms in the vagina, reducing the risk of infection, and strengthening the immune system to support maternal health during pregnancy. There are also studies showing that these probiotics prevent maternal obesity and gestational diabetes. Consuming probiotics containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains may support the intestinal health of breastfeeding mothers, but they may also contribute to the health of offspring. Therefore, this review focuses on the current available data for examining the effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains on female reproductive biology and offspring health. A systematic search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases from inception to May 2024. The search strategy was performed using keywords and MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) terms. Inconsistent ratings were resolved through discussion. This review is strengthened by multiple aspects of the methodological approach. The systematic search strategy, conducted by two independent reviewers, enabled the identification and evaluation of all relevant literature. Although there is a limited number of studies with high heterogeneity, current literature highlights the important contribution of Lactobacillus rhamnosus probiotics in enhancing female reproductive health and fertility. Furthermore, the probiotic bacteria in breast milk may also support the intestinal health of newborn, strengthen the immune system, and protect them against diseases at later ages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Gamze Tas
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sati
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Campus, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
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Kober AKMH, Saha S, Ayyash M, Namai F, Nishiyama K, Yoda K, Villena J, Kitazawa H. Insights into the Anti-Adipogenic and Anti-Inflammatory Potentialities of Probiotics against Obesity. Nutrients 2024; 16:1373. [PMID: 38732619 PMCID: PMC11085650 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Functional foods with probiotics are safe and effective dietary supplements to improve overweight and obesity. Thus, altering the intestinal microflora may be an effective approach for controlling or preventing obesity. This review aims to summarize the experimental method used to study probiotics and obesity, and recent advances in probiotics against obesity. In particular, we focused on studies (in vitro and in vivo) that used probiotics to treat obesity and its associated comorbidities. Several in vitro and in vivo (animal and human clinical) studies conducted with different bacterial species/strains have reported that probiotics promote anti-obesity effects by suppressing the differentiation of pre-adipocytes through immune cell activation, maintaining the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance, altering the intestinal microbiota composition, reducing the lipid profile, and regulating energy metabolism. Most studies on probiotics and obesity have shown that probiotics are responsible for a notable reduction in weight gain and body mass index. It also increases the levels of anti-inflammatory adipokines and decreases those of pro-inflammatory adipokines in the blood, which are responsible for the regulation of glucose and fatty acid breakdown. Furthermore, probiotics effectively increase insulin sensitivity and decrease systemic inflammation. Taken together, the intestinal microbiota profile found in overweight individuals can be modified by probiotic supplementation which can create a promising environment for weight loss along enhancing levels of adiponectin and decreasing leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. K. M. Humayun Kober
- Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi, Chittagong 4225, Bangladesh;
| | - Sudeb Saha
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan; (F.N.); (K.N.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
- Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Fu Namai
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan; (F.N.); (K.N.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Keita Nishiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan; (F.N.); (K.N.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Kazutoyo Yoda
- Technical Research Laboratory, Takanashi Milk Products Co., Ltd., Yokohama 241-0023, Japan;
| | - Julio Villena
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan; (F.N.); (K.N.)
- Laboratory of Immunobiotechnology, Reference Centre for Lactobacilli (CERELA-CONICET), Tucuman 4000, Argentina
| | - Haruki Kitazawa
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan; (F.N.); (K.N.)
- Livestock Immunology Unit, International Education and Research Center for Food and Agricultural Immunology (CFAI), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
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Alba C, Carrera M, Álvarez-Calatayud G, Arroyo R, Fernández L, Rodríguez JM. Evaluation of Safety and Beneficial Health Effects of the Human-Milk Strain Bifidobacterium breve DSM32583: An Infant Pilot Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1134. [PMID: 38674825 PMCID: PMC11053739 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Human milk promotes the growth of bifidobacteria in the infant gut. Adding bifidobacterial species to infant formula may contribute to increasing their presence in the gut of formula-fed infants. Therefore, the safety and anti-infectious effects of Bifidobacterium breve DSM32583, a breast milk isolate, were assessed in a pilot trial involving 3-month-old infants. The infants were randomly assigned to either the probiotic (PG) or the control (CG) groups. All the infants consumed the same formula, although it was supplemented with the strain (1 × 107 cfu/g of formula) in the PG. Overall, 160 infants (80 per group) finished the intervention. Infants in CG gained more weight compared to PG (p < 0.05), but the weights for age Z-scores at 6 months were within the normal distribution for this age group. The rates of infections affecting the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts and antibiotic therapy were significantly lower in the PG. The bifidobacterial population and the level of short-chain fatty acids were higher (p < 0.05) in the fecal samples of PG infants. No adverse events related to formula consumption were observed. In conclusion, the administration of an infant formula with B. breve DSM32583 was safe and exerted potential beneficial effects on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Marta Carrera
- Centro de Atención Primaria Silvano, Comunidad de Madrid, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Rebeca Arroyo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
| | - Leónides Fernández
- Department of Galenic Pharmacy and Food Technology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan M. Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.A.); (R.A.)
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Charitos IA, Aliani M, Tondo P, Venneri M, Castellana G, Scioscia G, Castellaneta F, Lacedonia D, Carone M. Biomolecular Actions by Intestinal Endotoxemia in Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2841. [PMID: 38474087 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a combination of metabolic disorders that concurrently act as factors promoting systemic pathologies such as atherosclerosis or diabetes mellitus. It is now believed to encompass six main interacting conditions: visceral fat, imbalance of lipids (dyslipidemia), hypertension, insulin resistance (with or without impairing both glucose tolerance and fasting blood sugar), and inflammation. In the last 10 years, there has been a progressive interest through scientific research investigations conducted in the field of metabolomics, confirming a trend to evaluate the role of the metabolome, particularly the intestinal one. The intestinal microbiota (IM) is crucial due to the diversity of microorganisms and their abundance. Consequently, IM dysbiosis and its derivate toxic metabolites have been correlated with MetS. By intervening in these two factors (dysbiosis and consequently the metabolome), we can potentially prevent or slow down the clinical effects of the MetS process. This, in turn, may mitigate dysregulations of intestinal microbiota axes, such as the lung axis, thereby potentially alleviating the negative impact on respiratory pathology, such as the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. However, the biomolecular mechanisms through which the IM influences the host's metabolism via a dysbiosis metabolome in both normal and pathological conditions are still unclear. In this study, we seek to provide a description of the knowledge to date of the IM and its metabolome and the factors that influence it. Furthermore, we analyze the interactions between the functions of the IM and the pathophysiology of major metabolic diseases via local and systemic metabolome's relate endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Alexandros Charitos
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Aliani
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tondo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maria Venneri
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Castellana
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giulia Scioscia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Francesca Castellaneta
- School of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathology, University of Bari (Aldo Moro), 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Lacedonia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Policlinico Riuniti of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Mauro Carone
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Pneumology and Respiratory Rehabilitation Unit, "Istitute" of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
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Negi A, Pasam T, Farqadain SM, Mahalaxmi Y, Dandekar MP. In-vitro and preclinical testing of bacillus subtilis UBBS-14 probiotic in rats shows no toxicity. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae021. [PMID: 38406637 PMCID: PMC10891425 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics made from Bacillus subtilis provide a wide spread of health benefits, particularly in the treatment of diarrhea and gastrointestinal problems. Herein, we employed in vitro and in vivo paradigms to assess the potential adverse effects and toxicity of B. subtilis UBBS-14. Materials and methods According to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 423 and 407 requirements, a preclinical investigation was conducted in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. Acute toxicity was examined following a single peroral (PO) administration of 5,000 mg/kg body weight (bw) i.e. equivalent to 500 billion colony-forming units (CFU) per kg bw. Single administration of B. subtilis UBBS-14 showed no mortality or adverse effects until the 14-day observation period, indicating LD50 is >5,000 mg/kg bw. Results Incubation of B. subtilis UBBS-14 with Caco2, HT29, and Raw 264.7 cell lines, showed no cytotoxic effects. This probiotic strain was also found responsive to the majority of antibiotics. For a 28-day repeated dose toxicity study, rats were administered 100, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg bw daily once (10, 50, and 100 billion CFU/kg bw/day, respectively) doses of B. subtilis UBBS-14. No notable changes were seen in the morphology, weight, and histopathology of the critical internal organs. The haematological, biochemical, electrolyte (sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium), and urine analytical results were within the normal range and equivalent to the vehicle-treated group. Conclusion B. subtilis UBBS-14's no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was thus determined to be >1,000 mg/kg bw/day following a 28-day oral dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Negi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Tulasi Pasam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Syed Muhammad Farqadain
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Y Mahalaxmi
- Unique Biotech Limited, Centre for Research and Development, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500 101, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), NH 9, Balanagar Main Rd, Kukatpally Industrial Estate, Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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Halkjær SI, Refslund Danielsen M, de Knegt VE, Andersen LO, Stensvold CR, Nielsen HV, Mirsepasi-Lauridsen HC, Krogfelt KA, Cortes D, Petersen AM. Multi-strain probiotics during pregnancy in women with obesity influence infant gut microbiome development: results from a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2337968. [PMID: 38591920 PMCID: PMC11005804 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2337968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been described to influence host health and prevent the risk of obesity by gut microbiome (GM) modulation. In a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled feasibility study, we investigated whether Vivomixx® multi-strain probiotics administered to 50 women with obesity during pregnancy altered the GM composition and perinatal health outcomes of their infants up to 9 months after birth. The mothers and infants were followed up with four visits after birth: at 3 d, and at 3, 6, and 9 months after delivery. The infants were monitored by anthropometric measurements, fecal sample analysis, and questionnaires regarding health and diet.The study setup after birth was feasible, and the women and infants were willing to participate in additional study visits and collection of fecal samples during the 9-month follow-up. In total, 47 newborns were included for microbiome analysis.Maternal prenatal Vivomixx® administration did not alter infant GM diversity nor differential abundance, and the probiotic strains were not vertically transferred. However, the infant GM exhibited a decreased prevalence of the obesity-associated genera, Collinsella, in the probiotic group and of the metabolic health-associated Akkermansia in the placebo group, indicating that indirect community-scale effects of Vivomixx® on the GM of the mothers could be transferred to the infant.Moreover, 3 d after birth, the GM of the infant was influenced by mode of delivery and antibiotics administered during birth. Vaginally delivered infants had increased diversity and relative abundance of the metabolic health-associated Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides while having a decreased relative abundance of Enterococcus compared with infants delivered by cesarean section. Maternal antibiotic administration during birth resulted in a decreased relative abundance of Bifidobacteriumin the GM of the infants. In conclusion, this study observed potential effects on obesity-associated infant GM after maternal probiotic supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Ingdam Halkjær
- Gastrounit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | | | - Victoria E. de Knegt
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Lee O’Brien Andersen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Vedel Nielsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hengameh Chloé Mirsepasi-Lauridsen
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Dina Cortes
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Munk Petersen
- Gastrounit,Medical Division, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ahmad J, Khan I, Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF. The gut microbiome in the fight against obesity: The potential of dietary factors. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23258. [PMID: 37843880 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300864rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity as a global public health burden has experienced a drastic growing trend recently. The management of obesity is challenging because of its complex etiology, and various factors are involved in its development, such as genetic and environmental factors. Different approaches are available to treat and/or manage obesity, including diet, physical activity, lifestyle changes, medications, and surgery. However, some of these approaches have inherent limitations and are closely associated with adverse effects. Therefore, probing into a novel/safe approach to treat and/or manage obesity is of fundamental importance. One such approach gaining renewed interest is the potential role of gut microbiota in obesity and its effectiveness in treating this condition. However, there is a dearth of comprehensive compilation of data on the potential role of the gut microbiome in obesity, particularly regarding dietary factors as a therapeutic approach. Therefore, this review aims to provide an updated overview of the role of gut microbiota in obesity, further highlighting the importance of dietary factors, particularly diet, prebiotics, and probiotics, as potential complementary and/or alternative therapeutic options. Moreover, the association of gut microbiota with obese or lean individuals has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Ahmad
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Imran Khan
- Department of Human Nutrition, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
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Alemu BK, Azeze GG, Wu L, Lau SL, Wang CC, Wang Y. Effects of maternal probiotic supplementation on breast milk microbiome and infant gut microbiome and health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2023; 5:101148. [PMID: 37660760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajogmf.2023.101148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The early-life microbiome is formed during the perinatal period and is critical for infants' lifelong health. This is established by maternal-infant microbiome crosstalk, which is mediated by the breast milk microbiome. The milk microbiome is dependent on the maternal gut microbiome, suggesting that it could potentially be restored through oral probiotic supplements. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the effect of maternal probiotic supplements on breast milk and infant gut microbiome composition and on infant health. DATA SOURCES The PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and Science Direct databases were searched until December 15, 2022. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Randomized controlled trials following the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (population: pregnant or lactating women; intervention: probiotics; control: placebo or follow-up; outcome: breast milk and infant gut microbiome composition and infant health) principles were included. METHODS Using a random effect model, the standard mean difference, risk difference, and risk ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to measure each outcome. All analyses were conducted using the intention-to-treat approach. Heterogeneity was evaluated using I2 statistics. RESULTS The final data set included 24 randomized controlled trials with a total of 2761 mothers and 1756 infants. The overall effect of probiotics on the beneficial bacteria detection rate in breast milk had a risk difference of 24% (95% confidence interval, 0.1-0.37; P<.001; I2=91.12%). The pooled mean beneficial and pathogenic bacteria abundance in breast milk had a standard mean difference of 1.22 log10 colony forming units/mL (95% confidence interval, 0.48-1.97; P<.001; I2=95.51%) and -1.05 log10 colony forming unites/mL (95% confidence interval, -1.99 to -0.12; P=.03; I2=96.79%), respectively. The overall abundance of beneficial bacteria in the infant gut had a standard mean difference of 0.89 log10 colony forming units/g (95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.56; P=.01; I2=95.01%). It also controlled infant weight gain (standard mean difference, -0.49 kg/equivalent age; 95% confidence interval, -0.82 to -0.17; P<.001; I2=0.00%) and decreased the occurrence of infantile colic (risk ratio, 0.30; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.57; P<.001; I2=0.00%). CONCLUSION Maternal probiotic supplements effectively orchestrate the breast milk and infant gut microbiome with a wide range of clinical benefits and safety. Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus thermophilus, and S. boulardii can be used as maternal supplements to promote infant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekalu Kassie Alemu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang); Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Ethiopia (Mr Alemu)
| | - Getnet Gedefaw Azeze
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang); Department of Midwifery, College Medicine and Health Sciences, Injibara University, Ethiopia (Mr Azeze)
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang)
| | - So Ling Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang)
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang); Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Hong Kong SAR (Dr C Wang)
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR (Messers Alemu and Azeze and Drs Wu, Lau, C Wang, and Y Wang).
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11
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Borka Balas R, Meliț LE, Lupu A, Lupu VV, Mărginean CO. Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Synbiotics-A Research Hotspot for Pediatric Obesity. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2651. [PMID: 38004665 PMCID: PMC10672778 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a major public health problem worldwide with an increasing prevalence, associated not only with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but also with psychosocial problems. Gut microbiota is a new factor in childhood obesity, which can modulate the blood lipopolysaccharide levels, the satiety, and fat distribution, and can ensure additional calories to the host. The aim of this review was to assess the differences and the impact of the gut microbial composition on several obesity-related complications such as metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, or insulin resistance. Early dysbiosis was proven to be associated with an increased predisposition to obesity. Depending on the predominant species, the gut microbiota might have either a positive or negative impact on the development of obesity. Prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics were suggested to have a positive effect on improving the gut microbiota and reducing cardio-metabolic risk factors. The results of clinical trials regarding probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic administration in children with metabolic syndrome, NAFLD, and insulin resistance are controversial. Some of them (Lactobacillus rhamnosus bv-77, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Bifidobacterium animalis) were proven to reduce the body mass index in obese children, and also improve the blood lipid content; others (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus faecium, and fructo-oligosaccharides) failed in proving any effect on lipid parameters and glucose metabolism. Further studies are necessary for understanding the mechanism of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity and for developing low-cost effective strategies for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reka Borka Balas
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (R.B.B.); (C.O.M.)
| | - Lorena Elena Meliț
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (R.B.B.); (C.O.M.)
| | - Ancuța Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa Iași, Universității Street No 16, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.L.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Vasile Valeriu Lupu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Gr. T. Popa Iași, Universității Street No 16, 700115 Iași, Romania; (A.L.); (V.V.L.)
| | - Cristina Oana Mărginean
- Department of Pediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences and Technology, Gheorghe Marinescu Street, No. 38, 540136 Târgu Mureș, Romania; (R.B.B.); (C.O.M.)
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12
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Shelton CD, Sing E, Mo J, Shealy NG, Yoo W, Thomas J, Fitz GN, Castro PR, Hickman TT, Torres TP, Foegeding NJ, Zieba JK, Calcutt MW, Codreanu SG, Sherrod SD, McLean JA, Peck SH, Yang F, Markham NO, Liu M, Byndloss MX. An early-life microbiota metabolite protects against obesity by regulating intestinal lipid metabolism. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1604-1619.e10. [PMID: 37794592 PMCID: PMC10593428 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which the early-life microbiota protects against environmental factors that promote childhood obesity remain largely unknown. Using a mouse model in which young mice are simultaneously exposed to antibiotics and a high-fat (HF) diet, we show that Lactobacillus species, predominant members of the small intestine (SI) microbiota, regulate intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to limit diet-induced obesity during early life. A Lactobacillus-derived metabolite, phenyllactic acid (PLA), protects against metabolic dysfunction caused by early-life exposure to antibiotics and a HF diet by increasing the abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in SI IECs. Therefore, PLA is a microbiota-derived metabolite that activates protective pathways in the small intestinal epithelium to regulate intestinal lipid metabolism and prevent antibiotic-associated obesity during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine D Shelton
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sing
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jessica Mo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicolas G Shealy
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Woongjae Yoo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Julia Thomas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gillian N Fitz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pollyana R Castro
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Laboratory of Immunoinflammation, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology, and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 12083-862, Brazil
| | - Tara T Hickman
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Teresa P Torres
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nora J Foegeding
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jacob K Zieba
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - M Wade Calcutt
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Simona G Codreanu
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacy D Sherrod
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - John A McLean
- Center for Innovative Technology and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sun H Peck
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University School of Engineering, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Nicholas O Markham
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA
| | - Mariana X Byndloss
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Digestive Disease Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Microbiome Innovation Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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13
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Mancabelli L, Milani C, Fontana F, Liotto N, Tabasso C, Perrone M, Lugli GA, Tarracchini C, Alessandri G, Viappiani A, Bernasconi S, Roggero P, Mosca F, Turroni F, Ventura M. A pilot study to disentangle the infant gut microbiota composition and identification of bacteria correlates with high fat mass. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2023; 2:23. [PMID: 38046821 PMCID: PMC10688801 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2023.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Background: At birth, the human intestine is colonized by a complex community of microorganisms known as gut microbiota. These complex microbial communities that inhabit the gut microbiota are thought to play a key role in maintaining host physiological homeostasis. For this reason, correct colonization of the gastrointestinal tract in the early stages of life could be fundamental for human health. Furthermore, alterations of the infant microbiota are correlated with the development of human inflammatory diseases and disorders. In this context, the possible relationships between intestinal microbiota and body composition during infancy are of great interest. Methods: In this study, we have performed a pilot study based on 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic approaches on repeatedly measured data on time involving a cohort of 41 Italian newborns, which is aimed to investigate the possible correlation between body fat mass percentage (FM%) and the infant gut microbiota composition. Results and conclusion: The taxonomical analysis of the stool microbiota of each infant included in the cohort allowed the identification of a specific correlation between intestinal bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Veillonella, and the increase in FM%. Moreover, the analysis of the infant microbiome's metabolic capabilities suggested that the intestinal microbiome functionally impacts the human host and its possible influence on host physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Mancabelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma 43125, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Christian Milani
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Federico Fontana
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Nadia Liotto
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Chiara Tabasso
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Michela Perrone
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Gabriele Andrea Lugli
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Chiara Tarracchini
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Giulia Alessandri
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | | | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Paola Roggero
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Fabio Mosca
- NICU, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan 20122, Italy
| | - Francesca Turroni
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
| | - Marco Ventura
- Interdepartmental Research Centre “Microbiome Research Hub”, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy
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14
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Xiao L, Zhao F. Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy. Gut 2023; 72:772-786. [PMID: 36720630 PMCID: PMC10086306 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and has been used as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. Currently, the vital role of the microbiome in pregnant women and newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss the interplay of the microbiome and the corresponding immune mechanism between mothers and their offspring during the perinatal period. We aim to present a comprehensive picture of microbial transmission and potential immune imprinting before and after delivery. In addition, we discuss the possibility of in utero microbial colonisation during pregnancy, which has been highly debated in recent studies, and highlight the importance of the microbiome in infant development during the first 3 years of life. This holistic view of the role of the microbial interplay between mothers and infants will refine our current understanding of pregnancy complications as well as diseases in early life and will greatly facilitate the microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis and treatment of mother-infant-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Xiao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangqing Zhao
- Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of System Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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15
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Atazadegan MA, Heidari-Beni M, Entezari MH, Sharifianjazi F, Kelishadi R. Effects of synbiotic supplementation on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight or obese children and adolescents: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:356-365. [PMID: 36484872 PMCID: PMC9734986 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, beneficial effects of probiotics and/or prebiotics on cardio-metabolic risk factors in adults have been shown. However, existing evidence has not been fully established for pediatric age groups. This study aimed to assess the effect of synbiotic on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight or obese children and adolescents. METHODS This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 participants aged 8-18 years with a body mass index (BMI) equal to or higher than the 85th percentile. Participants were randomly divided into two groups that received either a synbiotic capsule containing 6 × 109 colony forming units (CFU) Lactobacillus coagulans SC-208, 6 × 109 CFU Lactobacillus indicus HU36 and fructooligosaccharide as a prebiotic (n = 30) or a placebo (n = 30) twice a day for eight weeks. Anthropometric indices and body composition were measured at baseline and after the intervention. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation, SD) age was 11.07 (2.00) years and 11.23 (2.37) years for the placebo and synbiotic groups, respectively (P = 0.770). The waist-height ratio (WHtR) decreased significantly at the end of the intervention in comparison with baseline in the synbiotic group (0.54 ± 0.05 vs. 0.55 ± 0.05, P = 0.05). No significant changes were demonstrated in other anthropometric indices or body composition between groups. CONCLUSIONS Synbiotic supplementation might be associated with a reduction in WHtR. There were no significant changes in other anthropometric indices or body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Atazadegan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Motahar Heidari-Beni
- Department of Nutrition, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Hassan Entezari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Roya Kelishadi
- Department of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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16
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Saros L, Vahlberg T, Koivuniemi E, Houttu N, Niinikoski H, Tertti K, Laitinen K. Fish Oil And/Or Probiotics Intervention in Overweight/Obese Pregnant Women and Overweight Risk in 24-Month-Old Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2023; 76:218-226. [PMID: 36705702 PMCID: PMC9848211 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether a fish oil and/or probiotics intervention in pregnant women with overweight or obesity would influence the tendency of their 24-month-old children to become overweight and alter their body fat percentage. METHODS Women (n = 439) were double-blindly randomized into 4 intervention groups: fish oil+placebo, probiotics+placebo, probiotics+fish oil, and placebo+placebo (fish oil: 1.9 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.22 g eicosapentaenoic acid, probiotics: Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420, 1010 colony-forming units each). The intervention lasted from early pregnancy until 6 months postpartum. Children's (n = 330) growth data (height, weight, head circumference), a secondary outcome of the trial, were evaluated at birth, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months of age and compared to Finnish growth charts. Body fat percentage was measured with air displacement plethysmography (24 months). Logistic regression and general linear models were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Probiotics+placebo [weight-for-height% adj. Odds ratio (OR) = 0.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.14-0.95] and probiotics+fish oil [weight-for-age standard deviation score (SD-score) adj. OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.07-0.71] associated with lower overweight odds in 24-month-old children compared to placebo+placebo. Results remained essentially the same, when probiotics' main effect (combined probiotics+placebo and probiotics+fish oil) was estimated; that is, lower overweight odds (weight-for-height% adj. OR = 0.48, 95% CI = 0.25-0.95 and weight-for-age SD-score adj. OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.20-0.88) compared to non-probiotics. No fish oil main effect (combined fish oil+placebo and probiotics+fish oil) was seen. The intervention did not influence body fat percentage. CONCLUSIONS The administration of probiotics solely and in combination with fish oil during pregnancy to women with overweight or obesity lowered the overweight odds of their 24-month-old children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Saros
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tero Vahlberg
- the Institute of Clinical Medicine and Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Ella Koivuniemi
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Houttu
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- the Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kristiina Tertti
- the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- From the Institute of Biomedicine, Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Functional Foods Forum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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17
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Fiore G, Magenes VC, DI Profio E, Milanta C, Calcaterra V, Diamanti A, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Gut microbiota in obesity and related comorbidities in children and adolescents: the role of biotics in treatment. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2022; 74:632-649. [PMID: 35708037 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.22.06964-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex pathology, globally spread, with a multifactorial pathogenesis, strictly linked with lifestyle, hormones, genetic and epigenetic factors. Evidence supports that obesity, and its comorbidities, are related to changes in gut microbiota, partially responsible of the modulation of energy metabolism. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Pediatric obesity has been associated with lower bacterial diversity and differences in composition of the gut microbiota, also varying according to the metabolic status of obese subjects. Indeed, differences in distributions and activity of microorganisms in the gut of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese children have been highlighted. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Based on human studies, this review aims to discuss gut microbiota alterations in obese children and adolescents and its role in obese-related complications. Moreover, the role of biotics (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics and -marginally- postbiotics) has been analyzed as modulator of obesity-related dysbiosis. CONCLUSIONS As a conclusion, a deeper knowledge about biotic mechanisms of action would be of great interest to implement the clinical care of children and adolescents with obesity and related comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria C Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta DI Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Milanta
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonella Diamanti
- Unit of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Centre of Excellence for Pediatric Research EURISTIKOS, Department of Pediatrics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,L. Sacco Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy - .,Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Sarfraz MH, Shahid A, Asghar S, Aslam B, Ashfaq UA, Raza H, Prieto MA, Simal-Gandara J, Barba FJ, Rajoka MSR, Khurshid M, Nashwan AJ. Personalized nutrition, microbiota, and metabolism: A triad for eudaimonia. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1038830. [PMID: 36330221 PMCID: PMC9623024 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1038830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During the previous few years, the relationship between the gut microbiota, metabolic disorders, and diet has come to light, especially due to the understanding of the mechanisms that particularly link the gut microbiota with obesity in animal models and clinical trials. Research has led to the understanding that the responses of individuals to dietary inputs vary remarkably therefore no single diet can be suggested to every individual. The variations are attributed to differences in the microbiome and host characteristics. In general, it is believed that the immanent nature of host-derived factors makes them difficult to modulate. However, diet can more easily shape the microbiome, potentially influencing human physiology through modulation of digestion, absorption, mucosal immune response, and the availability of bioactive compounds. Thus, diet could be useful to influence the physiology of the host, as well as to ameliorate various disorders. In the present study, we have described recent developments in understanding the disparities of gut microbiota populations between individuals and the primary role of diet-microbiota interactions in modulating human physiology. A deeper understanding of these relationships can be useful for proposing personalized nutrition strategies and nutrition-based therapeutic interventions to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aqsa Shahid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Samra Asghar
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Aslam
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Raza
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Barba
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo, Ourense, Spain
- Food and Feed Immunology Group, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mohsin Khurshid
- Department of Microbiology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Mohsin Khurshid, ; Abdulqadir J. Nashwan,
| | - Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
- Nursing Department, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital (HMGH), Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC), Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Mohsin Khurshid, ; Abdulqadir J. Nashwan,
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Montenegro Junior RM, Ponte CMM, Castelo MHCG, de Oliveira Silveira AC, Fernandes VO, D'Alva CB, Oliveira LFV, Hristov AD, Bandeira SP, da Cruz Paiva GE, Levi JE. Reduced gut microbiota diversity in patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:136. [PMID: 36153588 PMCID: PMC9508722 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00908-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggest intestinal dysbiosis is associated with metabolic diseases. However, the causal relationship between them is not fully elucidated. Gut microbiota evaluation of patients with congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL), a disease characterized by the absence of subcutaneous adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and diabetes since the first years of life, could provide insights into these relationships. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with patients with CGL (n = 17) and healthy individuals (n = 17). The gut microbiome study was performed by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene through High-Throughput Sequencing (BiomeHub Biotechnologies, Brazil). RESULTS The median age was 20.0 years old, and 64.7% were female. There was no difference between groups in pubertal stage, BMI, ethnicity, origin (rural or urban), delivery, breastfeeding, caloric intake, macronutrient, or fiber consumption. Lipodystrophic patients presented a lower alpha diversity (Richness index: 54.0 versus 67.5; p = 0.008). No differences were observed in the diversity parameters when analyzing the presence of diabetes, its complications, or the CGL subtype. CONCLUSION In this study, we demonstrate for the first time a reduced gut microbiota diversity in individuals with CGL. Dysbiosis was present despite dietary treatment and was also observed in young patients. Our findings allow us to speculate that the loss of intestinal microbiota diversity may be due to metabolic abnormalities present since the first years of life in CGL. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings, clarifying the possible causal link between dysbiosis and insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarisse Mourão Melo Ponte
- University Hospitals, Federal University of Ceará/Ebserh, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
- DASA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- Christus University Center, CE, Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Maria Helane Costa Gurgel Castelo
- University Hospitals, Federal University of Ceará/Ebserh, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
- DASA, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Christus University Center, CE, Fortaleza, Brazil
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20
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TOKARCHUK A, ABENAVOLI L, KOBYLIAK N, KHOMENKO M, REVUN M, DOLGAIA N, MOLOCHEK N, TSYRYUK O, GARNYTSKA A, KONAKH V, PELLICANO R, FAGOONEE S, OSTAPCHENKO L, FALALYEYEVA T. Nutrition program, physical activity and gut microbiota modulation: a randomized controlled trial to promote a healthy lifestyle in students with vitamin D3 deficiency. Minerva Med 2022; 113:683-694. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.22.07992-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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De Siena M, Raoul P, Costantini L, Scarpellini E, Cintoni M, Gasbarrini A, Rinninella E, Mele MC. Food Emulsifiers and Metabolic Syndrome: The Role of the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2022; 11:2205. [PMID: 35892789 PMCID: PMC9331555 DOI: 10.3390/foods11152205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of emulsifiers in processed foods and the rapid epidemic development of metabolic syndrome in Western countries over the past 20 years have generated growing interest. Evidence for the role of emulsifiers in metabolic syndrome through gut microbiota has not been clearly established, thus making it challenging for clinical nutritionists and dietitians to make evidence-based associations between the nature and the quantity of emulsifiers and metabolic disorders. This narrative review summarizes the highest quality clinical evidence currently available about the impact of food emulsifiers on gut microbiota composition and functions and the potential development of metabolic syndrome. The state-of-the-art of the different common emulsifiers is performed, highlighting where they are present in daily foods and their roles. Recent findings of in vitro, in vivo, and human studies assessing the effect of different emulsifiers on gut microbiota have been recently published. There is some progress in understanding how some food emulsifiers could contribute to developing metabolic diseases through gut microbiota alterations while others could have prebiotic effects. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding daily consumption amounts and the synergic effects between emulsifiers' intake and responses by the microbial signatures of each individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Siena
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.G.)
| | - Pauline Raoul
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Lara Costantini
- Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Nutrition and Internal Medicine Unit, “Madonna del Soccorso” General Hospital, 63074 San Benedetto del Tronto, Italy;
- T.A.R.G.I.D., Gasthuisberg University Hospital, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Lueven, Belgium
| | - Marco Cintoni
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- UOC di Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.D.S.); (A.G.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Rinninella
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mele
- UOC di Nutrizione Clinica, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (P.R.); (M.C.); (M.C.M.)
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
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22
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Loy MH, Usseglio J, Lasalandra D, Gold MA. Probiotic Use in Children and Adolescents with Overweight or Obesity: A Scoping Review. Child Obes 2022; 19:145-159. [PMID: 35723657 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Probiotics have been proposed as a prevention or treatment for pediatric overweight and obesity. Objective: Conduct a scoping review on probiotic use in children and adolescents with overweight or obesity and those with weight-related conditions and to identify knowledge gaps and research priorities. Data Sources: Seven databases using keywords and medical subject heading terms for articles reporting probiotic use in children or adolescents with overweight or obesity published from database conception until initiation of the study. Study Selection: Articles reporting primary data on probiotics use in children or adolescents with overweight or obesity. Data Extraction: We utilized the Arksey and O'Malley framework, PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines, followed a predetermined study protocol for level-one abstract and level-two full-text screenings, synthesized information into subject-area domains, and identified research gaps. Limitations: Heterogeneity of probiotic interventions, host factors, and genomics. Results: Database search yielded 1356 unique articles with 19 randomized placebo-controlled studies, 945 participants, duration of interventions from 8 weeks to 9 months. Disease indications included Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, insulin resistance, hypercholesterolemia, Prader-Willi Syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and obesity. Limited and heterogeneous evidence for probiotic use in children and adolescents with weight-related conditions noted. Heterogeneity among published articles in probiotic strains, doses, design, biomarkers, confirmation, and outcomes observed. Conclusions: Despite complex existing and limited data, studies to date of children and adolescents with overweight and obesity demonstrate potential beneficial treatment effects of probiotics on BMI, adiposity, metabolic parameters, inflammatory markers, fatty liver, transaminase levels, and glucose metabolism. Clinical trials to address heterogeneous results are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle H Loy
- Department of Pediatrics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA.,Integrative Health and Well-Being, Weill Cornell Medicine/New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Usseglio
- Health Sciences Library, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Melanie A Gold
- Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA.,Section of Adolescent Medicine, Division of Child and Adolescent Health, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.,Center for Community Health and Education, School-Based Health Centers, NewYork Presbyterian, New York, New York, USA
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23
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Liu X, Jin G, Tang Q, Huang S, Zhang Y, Sun Y, Liu T, Guo Z, Yang C, Wang B, Jiang K, Zhong W, Cao H. Early life Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG colonisation inhibits intestinal tumour formation. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1421-1431. [PMID: 35091695 PMCID: PMC9090826 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01562-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely related to the progression of colorectal cancer. Our previous study revealed that early life colonisation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) had long-term positive effects on health. We sought to investigate whether early life LGG colonisation could inhibit intestinal tumour formation in offspring. METHODS Adult C57BL/6 female mice were mated with Apcmin/+ male mice. Pregnant mice with the same conception date received 108 cfu live or fixed LGG from day 18 of pregnancy until natural delivery. After genotyping, offspring mice received 107 cfu of live or fixed LGG for 0-5 days after birth. RESULTS Early life LGG colonisation significantly promoted intestinal development, inhibited low-grade intestinal inflammation and altered the gut microbiota composition of offspring in the weaning period (3 week old). Notably, early life LGG colonisation reduced the multiplicity of intestinal tumours in adulthood (12 week old), possibly due to inhibition of Wnt signalling and promotion of tumour cell apoptosis. Importantly, at the genus level, Bifidobacterium and Anaeroplasma with potential anti-tumour effects were increased in adulthood, while Peptostreptococcus, which potentially contributes to tumour formation, was decreased. CONCLUSIONS Early life LGG colonisation inhibited the intestinal tumour formation of offspring in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Shumin Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Zixuan Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Kui Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Weilong Zhong
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Early Druggability Evaluation of Innovative Drugs and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, China.
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24
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Saeed NK, Al-Beltagi M, Bediwy AS, El-Sawaf Y, Toema O. Gut microbiota in various childhood disorders: Implication and indications. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:1875-1901. [PMID: 35664966 PMCID: PMC9150060 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i18.1875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has a significant role in gut development, maturation, and immune system differentiation. It exerts considerable effects on the child's physical and mental development. The gut microbiota composition and structure depend on many host and microbial factors. The host factors include age, genetic pool, general health, dietary factors, medication use, the intestine's pH, peristalsis, and transit time, mucus secretions, mucous immunoglobulin, and tissue oxidation-reduction potentials. The microbial factors include nutrient availability, bacterial cooperation or antagonism, and bacterial adhesion. Each part of the gut has its microbiota due to its specific characteristics. The gut microbiota interacts with different body parts, affecting the pathogenesis of many local and systemic diseases. Dysbiosis is a common finding in many childhood disorders such as autism, failure to thrive, nutritional disorders, coeliac disease, Necrotizing Enterocolitis, helicobacter pylori infection, functional gastrointestinal disorders of childhood, inflammatory bowel diseases, and many other gastrointestinal disorders. Dysbiosis is also observed in allergic conditions like atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Dysbiosis can also impact the development and the progression of immune disorders and cardiac disorders, including heart failure. Probiotic supplements could provide some help in managing these disorders. However, we are still in need of more studies. In this narrative review, we will shed some light on the role of microbiota in the development and management of common childhood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nermin Kamal Saeed
- Medical Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Ministry of Health, Manama 12, Bahrain
- Microbiology Section, Department of Pathology, Irish Royal College of Surgeon, Busaiteen 15503, Bahrain
| | - Mohammed Al-Beltagi
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
| | - Adel Salah Bediwy
- Department of Chest Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Yasser El-Sawaf
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Medical Center, Arabian Gulf University, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Manama 26671, Bahrain
| | - Osama Toema
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta 31511, Egypt
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25
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Lee SHF, Ahmad SR, Lim YC, Zulkipli IN. The Use of Probiotic Therapy in Metabolic and Neurological Diseases. Front Nutr 2022; 9:887019. [PMID: 35592636 PMCID: PMC9110960 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.887019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut is home to trillions of microbes that interact with host cells to influence and contribute to body functions. The number of scientific studies focusing on the gut microbiome has exponentially increased in recent years. Studies investigating factors that may potentially affect the gut microbiome and may be used for therapeutic purposes in diseases where dysbioses in the gut microbiome have been shown are of particular interest. This review compiles current evidence available in the scientific literature on the use of probiotics to treat metabolic diseases and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) to analyze the efficacy of probiotics in these diseases. To do this, we must first define the healthy gut microbiome before looking at the interplay between the gut microbiome and diseases, and how probiotics affect this interaction. In metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, probiotic supplementation positively impacts pathological parameters. Conversely, the gut–brain axis significantly impacts neurodevelopmental disorders such as ASDs. However, manipulating the gut microbiome and disease symptoms using probiotics has less pronounced effects on neurodevelopmental diseases. This may be due to a more complex interplay between genetics and the environment in these diseases. In conclusion, the use of microbe-based probiotic therapy may potentially have beneficial effects in ameliorating the pathology of various diseases. Validation of available data for the development of personalized treatment regimens for affected patients is still required.
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Vitacolonna E, Masulli M, Palmisano L, Stuppia L, Franzago M. Inositols, Probiotics, and Gestational Diabetes: Clinical and Epigenetic Aspects. Nutrients 2022; 14:1543. [PMID: 35458105 PMCID: PMC9028601 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in the potential role of different stereoisomers of inositol or their combination as well as probiotics supplementation in healthy glucose metabolism during pregnancy and in promoting offspring health. The aim of this review is to clarify the effects of several inositol and probiotics-based supplements in the prevention and treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). Moreover, we will discuss the epigenetic aspects and their short- and long-term effects in response to probiotic intervention as well as the possible implications of these findings in guiding appropriate supplementation regimens in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Vitacolonna
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Maria Masulli
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Luisa Palmisano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (L.P.)
| | - Liborio Stuppia
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marica Franzago
- Department of Medicine and Aging, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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27
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Wiedmer EB, Herter-Aeberli I. The Potential of Prebiotic and Probiotic Supplementation During Obese Pregnancy to Improve Maternal and Offspring’s Metabolic Health and Reduce Obesity Risk—A Narrative Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:819882. [PMID: 35464026 PMCID: PMC9021550 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.819882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, obesity prevalence is rising, severely impairing the health of those affected by increasing their risk for developing non-communicable diseases. The pathophysiology of obesity is complex and caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors. Recent findings suggest that obesity is partly caused by dysbiosis, an imbalanced gut microbiome. In the context of pregnancy, maternal dysbiosis increases the child’s obesity risk, causing an intergenerational cycle of obesity. Accordingly, interventions modulating the gut microbiome have the potential to interrupt this cycle. This review discusses the potential of pre- and probiotic interventions in modulating maternal obesity associated dysbiosis to limit the child’s obesity risk. The literature search resulted in four animal studies using prebiotics as well as one animal study and six human studies using probiotics. Altogether, prebiotic supplementation in animals successfully decreased the offspring’s obesity risk, while probiotic supplementation in humans failed to show positive impacts in the offspring. However, comparability between studies is limited and considering the complexity of the topic, more studies in this field are required.
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28
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Miko E, Csaszar A, Bodis J, Kovacs K. The Maternal-Fetal Gut Microbiota Axis: Physiological Changes, Dietary Influence, and Modulation Possibilities. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:424. [PMID: 35330175 PMCID: PMC8955030 DOI: 10.3390/life12030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The prenatal period and the first years of life have a significant impact on the health issues and life quality of an individual. The appropriate development of the immune system and the central nervous system are thought to be major critical determining events. In parallel to these, establishing an early intestinal microbiota community is another important factor for future well-being interfering with prenatal and postnatal developmental processes. This review aims at summarizing the main characteristics of maternal gut microbiota and its possible transmission to the offspring, thereby affecting fetal and/or neonatal development and health. Since maternal dietary factors are potential modulators of the maternal-fetal microbiota axis, we will outline current knowledge on the impact of certain diets, nutritional factors, and nutritional modulators during pregnancy on offspring's microbiota and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Miko
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 12 Szigeti Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Janos Szentagothai Research Centre, 20 Ifjusag Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Csaszar
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 17 Edesanyak Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Bodis
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 17 Edesanyak Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kalman Kovacs
- National Laboratory for Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.C.); (J.B.); (K.K.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 17 Edesanyak Street, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Geng J, Ni Q, Sun W, Li L, Feng X. The links between gut microbiota and obesity and obesity related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 147:112678. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
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Mao K, Gao J, Wang X, Li X, Geng S, Zhang T, Sadiq FA, Sang Y. Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 Has Effect Against Obesity by Regulating Gut Microbiota in Two Phases in Human Microbiota-Associated Rats. Front Nutr 2022; 8:811619. [PMID: 35083265 PMCID: PMC8784422 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.811619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 (BB-12) is an extensively studied probiotics species, which has been reported to improve the human gut microbiota. This study aimed to confirm the effects of BB-12 on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced gut microbiota disorders. The probiotic BB-12 was consumed by human microbiota-associated rats and changes in gut microbiota were compared using next generation sequencing of the fecal samples collected from the normal chow group, the HFD group, and the BB-12-supplemented group. The enterotypes switched from Prevotella dominant to Akkermansia dominant as a result of switching diet from normal chow to HFD. BB-12 conferred protection on the gut microbiota composition of the rats by increasing the abundance of Prevotella and decreasing the abundance of Clostridium, Blautia, and Bacteroides in 0-3 weeks. In addition, Prevotella-dominant enterotype was maintained, which provides improve obesity effects. A decrease in body weight and the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio were also observed at week 3. While in 4-8 weeks, the enrichment of short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria such as Eubacterium and Parabacteroides and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium was observed. The results revealed that BB-12 against obesity by regulating gut microbiota in two phases. After a short-term intervention, BB-12 supplementation suppressed the transition from the healthy to obesity state by protecting Prevotella-dominant enterotype, whereas after a long-term intervention, BB-12 ameliorates obesity by enriching beneficial bacteria in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Mao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xianghong Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiyu Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Shuo Geng
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Tuo Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | | | - Yaxin Sang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
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31
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Zhou B, Jin G, Pang X, Mo Q, Bao J, Liu T, Wu J, Xie R, Liu X, Liu J, Yang H, Xu X, Wang B, Cao H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG colonization in early life regulates gut-brain axis and relieves anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106090. [PMID: 35065201 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence reveals that gut dysbiosis is involved in bidirectional interactions in gut-brain axis and participates in the progress of multiple disorders like anxiety. Gut microbes in early life are crucial for establishment of host health. We aimed to investigate whether early life probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) colonization could relieve anxiety in adulthood through regulation of gut-brain axis. Live or fixed LGG was gavaged to C57BL/6 female mice from day 18 of pregnancy until natural birth, and newborn mice from day 1 to day 5 respectively. In this study, we found that live LGG could be effectively colonized in the intestine of offspring. LGG colonization increased intestinal villus length and colonic crypt depth, accompanied with barrier function protection before weaning. Microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing showed that some beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Bifidobacteria, were abundant in LGG colonization group. The protective effect of LGG on gut microbiota persisted from weaning to adulthood. Intriguingly, behavioral results assessed by elevated plus mazed test and open field test demonstrated relief of anxiety-like behavior in adult LGG-colonized offspring. Mechanically, LGG colonization activated epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and enhanced serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and modulated serotonergic system in the intestine, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. Blocking EGFR blunted LGG-induced the increased SERT and zonula occludens-1 expression. Collectively, early life LGG colonization could protect intestinal barrier of offspring and modulate gut-brain axis in association with relief of anxiety-like behavior in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qi Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tiaotiao Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Runxiang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin TEDA hospital, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Geriatric Ward of Neurology, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Falalyeyeva T, Mamula Y, Scarpellini E, Leshchenko I, Humeniuk A, Pankiv I, Kobyliak N. Probiotics and obesity associated disease: an extended view beyond traditional strains. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2022; 67:348-356. [PMID: 35040301 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.21.02909-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between intestinal microbiota and obesity is becoming abundantly according to current many scientific investigations. In this article, probiotic therapy was offered as the promising strategy of metabolic disorders control through the recovery of microbiota composition and health maintenance with the help of impact on the abovementioned mechanisms. First, this therapy is safe, with minimal side effects, well-tolerated, and appropriate for long-term use. Second, it can improve body mass, glucose, and fat metabolism, increase insulin sensitivity, and decrease systemic chronic inflammation. In conclusion, the restorative role of gut microbiota on metabolic disorders and associated diseases could open new ways in the treatment of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Falalyeyeva
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Educational and Scientific Center, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yelyzaveta Mamula
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Educational and Scientific Center, Taras Shevchenko National University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Emidio Scarpellini
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing (ChroMetA), Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Catholic University, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivan Leshchenko
- Department of Physiology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Alla Humeniuk
- Department of Physiology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan Pankiv
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Bukovinian State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Department of Endocrinology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine - .,Medical Laboratory CSD, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Yun B, Ryu S, Kang M, Lee J, Yoo J, Kim Y, Oh S. Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Increased Longevity and Resistance Against Foodborne Pathogens in Caenorhabditis elegans by Regulating MicroRNA miR-34. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 11:819328. [PMID: 35127565 PMCID: PMC8807481 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.819328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the relation of probiotic activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) and expression of microRNA to immune response and longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans host model. First, we evaluated the survival rate of C. elegans due to LGG exposure and bacterial colonization in the intestine. Next, the expression of mRNA and miRNA was analyzed in C. elegans exposure to LGG for 24 h using microarray. After exposure to LGG to C. elegans, colonized LGG was observed in the intestines of C. elegans and induced to extend lifespan. Moreover, persistent LGG in the intestine significantly enhanced the resistance of C. elegans exposed to both pathogenic bacteria and prolonged the lifespan of C. elegans. Transcriptome analysis indicated that LGG affected the expression levels of genes related to the innate immune response and upregulated the abundance of genes in multiple pathways of C. elegans, including Wnt signaling, TGF-beta signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. In addition, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of antibacterial genes was increased by LGG. Moreover, as the expression of microRNA miR-34 and immune-related pathways increased by exposure to LGG, the lifespan of C. elegans increased. However, in the miR-34 mutant C. elegans, the lifespan by LGG did not increase, so it was determined that miR-34 indirectly affects immune-related pathways. There was no significant difference in the expression of PMK-1 for LGG exposure in miR-34 mutants, suggesting that miR-34 may regulate PMK-1. In conclusion, we suggest that exposure of LGG to C. elegans enhances lifespan and resistance to food-borne pathogen infection by stimulating miR-34 and indirectly promoting PMK-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyun Yun
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sangdon Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Minkyoung Kang
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Juyeon Lee
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jiseon Yoo
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Younghoon Kim, ; Sangnam Oh,
| | - Sangnam Oh
- Department of Functional Food and Biotechnology, Jeonju University, Jeonju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Younghoon Kim, ; Sangnam Oh,
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de Cuevillas B, Milagro FI, Tur JA, Gil-Campos M, de Miguel-Etayo P, Martínez JA, Navas-Carretero S. Fecal microbiota relationships with childhood obesity: A scoping comprehensive review. Obes Rev 2022; 23 Suppl 1:e13394. [PMID: 34913242 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is a costly burden in most regions with relevant and adverse long-term health consequences in adult life. Several studies have associated excessive body weight with a specific profile of gut microbiota. Different factors related to fecal microorganism abundance seem to contribute to childhood obesity, such as gestational weight gain, perinatal diet, antibiotic administration to the mother and/or child, birth delivery, and feeding patterns, among others. This review reports and discusses diverse factors that affect the infant intestinal microbiota with putative or possible implications on the increase of the obesity childhood rates as well as microbiota shifts associated with excessive body weight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Begoña de Cuevillas
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermín I Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of Balearic Islands-IUNICS & IDISBA, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Metabolism and Investigation Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimónides Institute of Biomedicine Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar de Miguel-Etayo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Universidad de Zaragoza. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Precision Nutrition Program, Research Institute on Food and Health Sciences IMDEA Food. CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology. School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,IdiSNA, Health Research Institute of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Cuinat C, Stinson SE, Ward WE, Comelli EM. Maternal Intake of Probiotics to Program Offspring Health. Curr Nutr Rep 2022; 11:537-562. [PMID: 35986890 PMCID: PMC9750916 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-022-00429-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Probiotics intake may be considered beneficial by prospective and pregnant mothers, but their effects on offspring development are incompletely understood. The purpose of this review was to examine recent pre-clinical and clinical studies to understand how maternal probiotics exposure affects offspring health outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Effects were investigated in the context of supporting offspring growth, intestinal health, and gut microbiota, preventing allergic diseases, supporting neurodevelopment, and preventing metabolic disorders in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Most human studies focused on infancy outcomes, whereas pre-clinical studies also examined outcomes at adolescence and young adulthood. While still understudied, both pre-clinical and clinical studies propose epigenetic modifications as an underlying mechanism. Optimal timing of intervention remains unclear. Administration of selected probiotics to mothers has programming potential for sustaining life-long health of offspring. Administration protocols, specific windows of susceptibility, and individual-specific responses need to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Cuinat
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Sara E. Stinson
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Wendy E. Ward
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.411793.90000 0004 1936 9318Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON Canada
| | - Elena M. Comelli
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.411793.90000 0004 1936 9318Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Joannah and Brian Lawson Centre for Child Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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Catania J, Pandit NG, Ehrlich JM, Zaman M, Stone E, Franceschi C, Smith A, Tanner-Smith E, Zackular JP, Bhutta ZA, Imdad A. Probiotic Supplementation for Promotion of Growth in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2021; 14:83. [PMID: 35010959 PMCID: PMC8746675 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are commonly prescribed to promote a healthy gut microbiome in children. Our objective was to investigate the effects of probiotic supplementation on growth outcomes in children 0-59 months of age. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis which included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that administered probiotics to children aged 0-59 months, with growth outcomes as a result. We completed a random-effects meta-analysis and calculated a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) or relative risk (RR) and reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). We included 79 RCTs, 54 from high-income countries (HIC), and 25 from low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). LMIC data showed that probiotics may have a small effect on weight (SMD: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.11-0.42, grade-certainty = low) and height (SMD 0.16, 95% CI: 0.06-0.25, grade-certainty = moderate). HIC data did not show any clinically meaningful effect on weight (SMD: 0.01, 95% CI: -0.04-0.05, grade-certainty = moderate), or height (SMD: -0.01, 95% CI: -0.06-0.04, grade-certainty = moderate). There was no evidence that probiotics affected the risk of adverse events. We conclude that in otherwise healthy children aged 0-59 months, probiotics may have a small but heterogenous effect on weight and height in LMIC but not in children from HIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Catania
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Natasha G. Pandit
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Julie M. Ehrlich
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Muizz Zaman
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Elizabeth Stone
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Courtney Franceschi
- College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; (J.C.); (N.G.P.); (J.M.E.); (M.Z.); (E.S.); (C.F.)
| | - Abigail Smith
- Health Science Library, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA;
| | | | - Joseph P. Zackular
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
- Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada;
- Center of Excellence in Women and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Aamer Imdad
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Alsharairi NA. The Role of Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Mediating Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet-Infant Gut Microbiota Relationships and Its Therapeutic Potential in Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:3702. [PMID: 34835958 PMCID: PMC8624546 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) gains increased interest as a therapeutic approach for many diseases, little is known about its therapeutic use in childhood obesity. Indeed, the role of VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation in influencing short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria and the potential mechanisms involved in the protective effects on obesity are still unclear. Infants are characterized by a diverse gut microbiota composition with higher abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria. Maternal VLCKD during pregnancy and lactation stimulates the growth of diverse species of SCFA-producing bacteria, which may induce epigenetic changes in infant obese gene expression and modulate adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. Therefore, this review aims to determine the mechanistic role of SCFAs in mediating VLCKD-infant gut microbiota relationships and its protective effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naser A Alsharairi
- Heart, Mind & Body Research Group, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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38
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Yang Y, Long Y, Kang D, Liu C, Xiao J, Wu R, Zhao J. Effect of Bifidobacterium on olanzapine-induced body weight and appetite changes in patients with psychosis. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2449-2457. [PMID: 34002246 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Gut microbiota plays an important role in host metabolism. Antipsychotic drugs can result in metabolic abnormalities. Probiotics may ameliorate the antipsychotic drug-induced metabolic abnormalities by regulating gut microbiota. OBJECTIVE To determine whether Bifidobacterium intervention can ameliorate olanzapine-induced weight increase. METHODS Enrolled patients were assigned to either the olanzapine or olanzapine plus Bifidobacterium group. The following were assessed: body weight, body mass index (BMI), appetite, latency to increased appetite, and baseline weight increase of more than 7%. All assessments were conducted at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment. RESULTS We enrolled 70 patients with schizophrenia or schizophrenic affective disorder, and 67 completed the study. Treatment for 4 weeks led to between-group differences in weight change (2.4 vs. 1.1 kg, p < 0.05) and BMI (0.9 vs. 0.4, p < 0.05). However, this difference disappeared at 8 and 12 weeks of treatment (both p > 0.05). The two groups did not differ in appetite increase at any time point (p > 0.05). The mean time from olanzapine initiation to appetite increase was also not significantly different between the two groups (t = 1.243, p = 0.220). CONCLUSIONS Probiotics may mitigate olanzapine-induced weight gain in the early stage of treatment and delay olanzapine-induced appetite increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yujun Long
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Dongyu Kang
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jingmei Xiao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Renrong Wu
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Hunan, China.
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011, Hunan, China
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Obesity as the 21st Century's major disease: The role of probiotics and prebiotics in prevention and treatment. FOOD BIOSCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2021.101115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Jian C, Carpén N, Helve O, de Vos WM, Korpela K, Salonen A. Early-life gut microbiota and its connection to metabolic health in children: Perspective on ecological drivers and need for quantitative approach. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103475. [PMID: 34256346 PMCID: PMC8324810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonisation and development of the gut microbiota has been implicated in paediatric metabolic disorders via its powerful effect on host metabolic and immune homeostasis. Here we summarise the evidence from human studies on the early gut microbiota and paediatric overweight and obesity. Manipulation of the early gut microbiota may represent a promising target for countering the burgeoning metabolic disorders in the paediatric population, provided the assembly patterns of microbiota and their health consequences can be decoded. Therefore, in this review, we pay particular attention to the important ecological drivers affecting the community dynamics of the early gut microbiota. We then discuss the knowledge gaps in commonly studied exposures linking the gut microbiota to metabolic disorders, especially regarding maternal factors and antibiotic use. This review also attempts to give directions for future studies aiming to identify predictive and corrective measures for paediatric metabolic disorders based on the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota; Metabolism; Paediatric overweight and obesity; Ecological driver; Dynamics; Infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Carpén
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Helve
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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Abstract
There is mounting evidence that microbiome composition is intimately and dynamically connected with host energy balance and metabolism. The gut microbiome is emerging as a novel target for counteracting the chronically positive energy balance in obesity, a disease of pandemic scale which contributes to >70 % of premature deaths. This scoping review explores the potential for therapeutic modulation of gut microbiota as a means of prevention and/or treatment of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic disorders. The evidence base for interventional approaches which have been shown to affect the composition and function of the intestinal microbiome is summarised, including dietary strategies, oral probiotic treatment, faecal microbiota transplantation and bariatric surgery. Evidence in this field is still largely derived from preclinical rodent models, but interventional studies in obese populations have demonstrated metabolic improvements effected by microbiome-modulating treatments such as faecal microbiota transplantation, as well as drawing attention to the unappreciated role of microbiome modulation in well-established anti-obesity interventions, such as dietary change or bariatric surgery. The complex relationship between microbiome composition and host metabolism will take time to unravel, but microbiome modulation is likely to provide a novel strategy in the limited armamentarium of effective treatments for obesity.
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Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:769-783. [PMID: 33720094 PMCID: PMC9770153 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
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Phelan S, Hart CN, Jelalian E, Muñoz-Christian K, Alarcon N, McHugh A, Ventura AK, Wing RR. Effect of prenatal lifestyle intervention on maternal postpartum weight retention and child body mass index z-score at 36 months. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1133-1142. [PMID: 33627776 PMCID: PMC8081654 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES We previously reported results from a randomized trial showing that a behavioral intervention during pregnancy reduced excess gestational weight gain but did not impact maternal weight at 12 months. We now examine the longer-term effects of this prenatal intervention on maternal postpartum weight retention and toddler body-mass-index z scores (BMIz) over 36 months. SUBJECTS/METHODS Pregnant women (N = 264; 13.7 weeks' gestation; 41.6% Hispanic) with overweight or obesity were randomized into usual care or prenatal intervention. Anthropometric assessments in mothers and toddlers occurred at baseline, 35 weeks' gestation and after delivery at 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. RESULTS At 36 months, prenatal intervention vs. usual care had no significant effect on the proportion of participants who returned to their early pregnancy weight or below (33.3% vs. 39.5%; p = 0.12) and had no effect on the magnitude of weight retained (2.8 [0.8, 4.8] vs 3.0 kg [1.0, 4.9], respectively; mean difference = 0.14 [-3.0, 2.7]). There was also no statistically significant intervention vs. usual care effect on infant BMIz or skinfold changes over time; toddler BMIz increased by 1.4 [-1.7, 1.0] units in the intervention group and 1.6 [-1.2, 1.8] units in the usual care group from delivery to 36 months (difference = 0.16 [-0.32. 0.63]). The proportion of toddlers at risk for obesity at 36 months was similar in intervention and usual care groups (28/77 [36.4%] vs 30/80 [37.5%]; p = 0.77). CONCLUSIONS Compared with usual care, lifestyle intervention during pregnancy resulted in similar maternal and toddler anthropometric outcomes at 36-months postpartum in a diverse US sample of women with overweight and obesity. To sustain improved maternal weight management initiated during pregnancy, continued intervention during the postpartum years may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Phelan
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology & Public Health, Center for Health Research, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA.
| | - Chantelle N Hart
- Temple University Center for Obesity Research and Education Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elissa Jelalian
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Karen Muñoz-Christian
- California Polytechnic State University World Languages & Cultures Department, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Noemi Alarcon
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology & Public Health, Center for Health Research, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Angelica McHugh
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alison K Ventura
- California Polytechnic State University, Department of Kinesiology & Public Health, Center for Health Research, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Rena R Wing
- Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Providence, RI, USA
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Verduci E, Calcaterra V, Di Profio E, Fiore G, Rey F, Magenes VC, Todisco CF, Carelli S, Zuccotti GV. Brown Adipose Tissue: New Challenges for Prevention of Childhood Obesity. A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051450. [PMID: 33923364 PMCID: PMC8145569 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity remains a challenge in modern society. Recently, research has focused on the role of the brown adipose tissue (BAT) as a potential target of intervention. In this review, we revised preclinical and clinical works on factors that may promote BAT or browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) from fetal age to adolescence. Maternal lifestyle, type of breastfeeding and healthy microbiota can affect the thermogenic activity of BAT. Environmental factors such as exposure to cold or physical activity also play a role in promoting and activating BAT. Most of the evidence is preclinical, although in clinic there is some evidence on the role of omega-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) supplementation on BAT activation. Clinical studies are needed to dissect the early factors and their modulation to allow proper BAT development and functions and to prevent onset of childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20146 Milan, Italy
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Valeria Calcaterra
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Pediatric and Adolescent Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Profio
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Animal Sciences for Health, Animal Production and Food Safety, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Federica Rey
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Vittoria Carlotta Magenes
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Carolina Federica Todisco
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Stephana Carelli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (E.V.); (S.C.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (V.C.); (E.D.P.); (G.F.); (V.C.M.); (C.F.T.); (G.V.Z.)
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences “L. Sacco”, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
- Pediatric Clinical Research Center Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy
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Petraroli M, Castellone E, Patianna V, Esposito S. Gut Microbiota and Obesity in Adults and Children: The State of the Art. Front Pediatr 2021; 9:657020. [PMID: 33816411 PMCID: PMC8017119 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2021.657020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, obesity has become a serious public health problem affecting both children and adults. Considering the multifactorial origin of obesity, including modifiable factors, childhood was identified as the golden age for investing in obesity prevention by both promoting proper lifestyles and actively intervening in possible triggers. The gut microbiota is at the center of the most recent scientific studies and plays a key role in obesity development because it is intimately linked to energetic-humoral variations in the host: its alterations can promote a state of excessive energy storage, and it can be manipulated to maintain energy homoeostasis. This review aims to offer a panoramic understanding of the interplay between obesity and the gut microbiota, focusing on the contribution that the gut microbiota could have to the prevention of childhood obesity and its complications in adulthood. Currently, the use of some specific probiotic strains has been shown to be able to act on some secondary metabolic consequences of obesity (such as liver steatosis and insulin resistance) without any effect on weight loss. Although definitive conclusions cannot be drawn on the real impact of probiotics and prebiotics, there is no doubt that they represent an exciting new frontier in the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic dysfunctions. Targeted studies randomized on specific populations and homogeneous for ethnicity, sex, and age are urgently needed to reach definitive conclusions about the influence of microbiota on weight. In particular, we still need more studies in the pediatric population to better understand when the switch to an obese-like gut microbiota takes place and to better comprehend the right timing of each intervention, including the use of pre/probiotics, to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Susanna Esposito
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Martin-Nuñez GM, Cornejo-Pareja I, Clemente-Postigo M, Tinahones FJ. Gut Microbiota: The Missing Link Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Metabolic Disorders? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:639856. [PMID: 34220702 PMCID: PMC8247771 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.639856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative bacterium that infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide. Although the majority of infected individuals remain asymptomatic, this bacterium colonizes the gastric mucosa causing the development of various clinical conditions as peptic ulcers, chronic gastritis and gastric adenocarcinomas and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas, but complications are not limited to gastric ones. Extradigestive pathologies, including metabolic disturbances such as diabetes, obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, have also been associated with H. pylori infection. However, the underlying mechanisms connecting H. pylori with extragastric metabolic diseases needs to be clarified. Notably, the latest studies on the topic have confirmed that H. pylori infection modulates gut microbiota in humans. Damage in the gut bacterial community (dysbiosis) has been widely related to metabolic dysregulation by affecting adiposity, host energy balance, carbohydrate metabolism, and hormonal modulation, among others. Taking into account that Type 2 diabetic patients are more prone to be H. pylori positive, gut microbiota emerges as putative key factor responsible for this interaction. In this regard, the therapy of choice for H. pylori eradication, based on proton pump inhibitor combined with two or more antibiotics, also alters gut microbiota composition, but consequences on metabolic health of the patients has been scarcely explored. Recent studies from our group showed that, despite decreasing gut bacterial diversity, conventional H. pylori eradication therapy is related to positive changes in glucose and lipid profiles. The mechanistic insights explaining these effects should also be addressed in future research. This review will deal with the role of gut microbiota as the linking factor between H. pylori infection and metabolic diseases, and discussed the impact that gut bacterial modulation by H. pylori eradication treatment can also have in host's metabolism. For this purpose, new evidence from the latest human studies published in more recent years will be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracia M. Martin-Nuñez
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cornejo-Pareja
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Clemente-Postigo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology. Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)-Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; Mercedes Clemente-Postigo,
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología y Nutrición (Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco J. Tinahones, ; Mercedes Clemente-Postigo,
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Lee JH, Zhu J. Analyses of short-chain fatty acids and exhaled breath volatiles in dietary intervention trials for metabolic diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:778-789. [PMID: 33327781 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220979952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to pharmacological treatment to diseases, lifestyle interventions, such as dietary changes and physical activities, can help maintain healthy metabolic conditions. Recently, the emerging analyses of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from breath and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from plasma/feces have been considered as useful tools for the diagnosis and mechanistic understanding of metabolic diseases. Furthermore, diet-induced changes of SCFAs in individuals with diagnosed metabolic abnormalities have been correlated with the composition changes of the gut microbiome. More interestingly, the analysis of exhaled breath (breathomics) has gained attention as a useful technique to measure the human VOC profile altered as a result of dietary interventions. In this mini-review, we examined recent clinical trials that performed promising dietary interventions, SCFAs analysis in plasma/feces, and VOC profile analysis in exhaling breath to understand the relationship between dietary intervention and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Hj Lee
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Wang CC, Tung YT, Chang HC, Lin CH, Chen YC. Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Newborn Birth Weight for Mother with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus or Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113477. [PMID: 33198366 PMCID: PMC7696869 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High birth weight indicates the future risk of obesity and increased fat mass in childhood. Maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or overweight are powerful predictors of high birth weight. Studies on probiotic supplementation during pregnancy have reported its benefits in modulating gut microbiota composition and improving glucose and lipid metabolism in pregnant women. Therefore, probiotic intervention during pregnancy was proposed to interrupt the transmission of obesity from mothers to newborns. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the effect of probiotic intervention in pregnant women with GDM or overweight on newborn birth weight. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases up to 18 December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing pregnant women with GDM or overweight who received probiotic intervention during pregnancy with those receiving placebo were eligible for the analysis. Newborn birth weights were pooled to calculate the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Two reviewers assessed the trial quality and extracted data independently. Seven RCTs involving 1093 participants were included in the analysis. Compared with the placebo, probiotics had little effect on newborn birth weight of pregnant women with GDM or overweight (mean difference = -10.27, 95% CI = -90.17 to 69.63, p = 0.801). The subgroup analysis revealed that probiotic intake by women with GDM decreased newborn birth weight, whereas probiotic intake by obese pregnant women increased newborn birth weight. Thus, no evidence indicates that probiotic intake by pregnant women with GDM or overweight can control newborn birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Tang Tung
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, 110, Taiwan
| | - Hua-Ching Chang
- Department of Dermatology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
| | - Chang-Hsien Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yang-Ching Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (C.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan;
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2737-2181 (ext. 3032); Fax: +886-2-2738-9804
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49
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He S, Stein AD. Early-Life Nutrition Interventions and Associated Long-Term Cardiometabolic Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:461-489. [PMID: 33786595 PMCID: PMC8009753 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life nutrition interventions can have lifelong cardiometabolic benefits. Most evidence on this topic is derived from observational studies. We evaluated the association of randomized controlled nutritional trials in early life and long-term cardiometabolic outcomes. Through literature search of PubMed, CABI Global Health, Embase, and Cochrane, with manual reference check and weekly alert from PubMed, we identified 8312 records, and included 53 records from 40 cohorts in 21 countries. The total number of participants was 33,551. Interventions were initiated as early as conception, and the longest until 7 y (except 1 study from infancy to 20 y). The cohorts were followed up for between 3 and 73 y. We identified 7 types of interventions (protein-energy supplements, long-chain PUFAs, single micronutrient, multiple micronutrients, infant and young child feeding, dietary counseling, and other) and 4 categories of cardiometabolic outcomes (biomarkers, cardiovascular, body size and composition, and subclinical/clinical outcomes). Most findings were null. Fasting glucose concentration was 0.04 mmol/L lower (95% CI: -0.05, -0.02 mmol/L; I2 = 0%) in the intervention groups than in the control groups (15 studies). BMI (kg/m2) was 0.20 higher (95% CI: 0.12, 0.28; I2 = 54%) in the intervention groups than control groups (14 studies). No significant effect was observed for total cholesterol (12 studies) or blood pressure (17 studies). Ongoing and personalized dietary counseling was associated with lower glucose and cholesterol, better endothelial function, and reduced risk of metabolic syndrome. The timing of intervention mattered, with earlier initiation conferring greater benefit (improved lipid profile and marginally lower glucose concentration) based on 2 studies. In sum, glucose concentration was lower following early-life nutrition interventions, but there is a risk of unintended consequences, including higher BMI. Maternal and child nutrition interventions must be evidence-based and tailored to each population to promote long-term cardiometabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siran He
- Nutrition and Health Sciences Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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50
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Nallanchakravarthula S, Amruta N, Ramamurthy C. Cancer Microbiome; Opportunities and Challenges. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:215-229. [PMID: 32819239 DOI: 10.2174/1871530320999200818134942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbe-host association has emerged as a modulator in modern medicine. Cancer and its associated host microbes are collectively referred to as the cancer microbiome. The cancer microbiome is complex, and many aspects remain unclear including metabolic plasticity, microenvironment remodeling, cellular communications, and unique signatures within the host, all of which have a vital role in homeostasis and pathogenesis of host physiology. However, the role of the microbiome in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy is still poorly understood and remains to be explored. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to elucidate the role of the microbiome in cancer metabolism and the tumor microenvironment. It also focuses on the importance of therapeutic opportunities and challenges in the manipulation of the cancer microbiome. METHODS A literature search was conducted on the role of the microbiome in cancer initiation, progression, and therapy. CONCLUSION The tumor microenvironment and cancer metabolism are significant in host-microbiome interactions. The microbiome can modulate standard cancer therapies like chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Microbiome transplantation has also been demonstrated as an effective therapy against cancer. Furthermore, the modulation of the microbiome also has potential clinical outcomes in modern medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Chitteti Ramamurthy
- C.G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, UkaTarsadia University, Maliba campus, Bardoli Surat (Dist), Gujarat, India
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