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Wang S, Liu Y, Chen J, He Y, Ma W, Liu X, Sun X. Effects of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198984. [PMID: 37383400 PMCID: PMC10293893 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, adipocytes were found to play an important role in regulating whole-body nutrition and energy balance, and are also important in energy metabolism, hormone secretion, and immune regulation. Different adipocytes have different contributions to the body, with white adipocytes primarily storing energy and brown adipocytes producing heat. Recently discovered beige adipocytes, which have characteristics in between white and brown adipocytes, also have the potential to produce heat. Adipocytes interact with other cells in the microenvironment to promote blood vessel growth and immune and neural network interactions. Adipose tissue plays an important role in obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Dysfunction in adipose tissue endocrine and immune regulation can cause and promote the occurrence and development of related diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete multiple cytokines, which can interact with organs; however, previous studies have not comprehensively summarized the interaction between adipose tissue and other organs. This article reviews the effect of multi-organ crosstalk on the physiology and pathology of adipose tissue, including interactions between the central nervous system, heart, liver, skeletal muscle, and intestines, as well as the mechanisms of adipose tissue in the development of various diseases and its role in disease treatment. It emphasizes the importance of a deeper understanding of these mechanisms for the prevention and treatment of related diseases. Determining these mechanisms has enormous potential for identifying new targets for treating diabetes, metabolic disorders, and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufen Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yuejing He
- Clinical Laboratory, Dongguan Eighth People’s Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Wanrui Ma
- Department of General Medicine, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xinguang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuerong Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Aging Research, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
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Rahimi A, Rasouli M, Heidari Keshel S, Ebrahimi M, Pakdel F. Is obesity-induced ECM remodeling a prelude to the development of various diseases? Obes Res Clin Pract 2023; 17:95-101. [PMID: 36863919 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing incidence rate of obesity worldwide and the associated complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, research on the adipose tissue physiology and the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has gained tremendous attention. The ECM, one of the most crucial components in body tissues, undergoes remodeling and regeneration of its constituents to guarantee normal tissue function. There is a crosstalk between fat tissue and various body organs, including but not limited to the liver, heart, kidney, skeletal muscle, and so forth. These organs respond to fat tissue signals through changes in ECM, function, and their secretory products. Obesity can cause ECM remodeling, inflammation, fibrosis, insulin resistance, and disrupted metabolism in different organs. However, the mechanisms underlying the reciprocal communication between various organs during obesity are still not fully elucidated. Gaining a profound knowledge of ECM alterations during the progression of obesity will pave the way toward developing potential strategies to either circumvent pathological conditions or open an avenue to treat complications associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Rahimi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rasouli
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Heidari Keshel
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Ebrahimi
- Department of Ophthalmic Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Ophthalmology Department, Eye Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Crucial Regulatory Role of Organokines in Relation to Metabolic Changes in Non-Diabetic Obesity. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020270. [PMID: 36837889 PMCID: PMC9967669 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an excessive accumulation of fat leading to a plethora of medical complications, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus or impaired glucose tolerance and dyslipidemia. Formerly, several physiological roles of organokines, including adipokines, hepatokines, myokines and gut hormones have been described in obesity, especially in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation. The canonical effect of these biologically active peptides and proteins may serve as an intermediate regulatory level that connects the central nervous system and the endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine actions of organs responsible for metabolic and inflammatory processes. Better understanding of the function of this delicately tuned network may provide an explanation for the wide range of obesity phenotypes with remarkable inter-individual differences regarding comorbidities and therapeutic responses. The aim of this review is to demonstrate the role of organokines in the lipid and glucose metabolism focusing on the obese non-diabetic subgroup. We also discuss the latest findings about sarcopenic obesity, which has recently become one of the most relevant metabolic disturbances in the aging population.
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Chen Y, Hu Q, Wang C, Wang T. The crosstalk between BAT thermogenesis and skeletal muscle dysfunction. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1132830. [PMID: 37153220 PMCID: PMC10160478 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1132830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic defects increase the risk of skeletal muscle diseases, and muscle impairment might worsen metabolic disruption, leading to a vicious cycle. Both brown adipose tissue (BAT) and skeletal muscle play important roles in non-shivering thermogenesis to regulate energy homeostasis. BAT regulates body temperature, systemic metabolism, and seretion of batokines that have positive or negative impacts on skeletal muscle. Conversely, muscle can secrete myokines that regulate BAT function. This review explained the crosstalk between BAT and skeletal muscle, and then discussed the batokines and highlighted their impact on skeletal muscle under physiological conditions. BAT is now considered a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes treatment. Moreover, manipulation of BAT may be an attractive approach for the treatment of muscle weakness by correcting metabolic deficits. Therefore, exploring BAT as a potential treatment for sarcopenia could be a promising avenue for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Hu
- Health Management Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changyi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Changyi Wang, ; Tiantian Wang,
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Changyi Wang, ; Tiantian Wang,
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Ren W, Xu Z, Pan S, Ma Y, Li H, Wu F, Bo W, Cai M, Tian Z. Irisin and ALCAT1 mediated aerobic exercise-alleviated oxidative stress and apoptosis in skeletal muscle of mice with myocardial infarction. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 193:526-537. [PMID: 36336228 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.10.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle in patients with heart failure (HF) exhibits altered structure, function and metabolism. Myocardial infarction (MI) is the most common cause of HF. Oxidative stress and cell apoptosis are involved in the pathophysiology of MI/HF-induced skeletal muscle atrophy. It is well recognized that aerobic exercise (AE) could prevent skeletal muscle atrophy after MI, but the underlying mechanism and molecular targets are still not fully clarified. In this study, Fndc5-/- and Alcat1-/- mice were used to establish the MI model and subjected to six weeks of moderate-intensity AE. C2C12 cells were treated with H2O2 and recombinant human Irisin (rhIrisin), or transduced with a lentiviral vector to mediate the overexpression of ALCAT1 (LV-Alcat1). Results showed that MI reduced Irisin expression and antioxidant capacity of skeletal muscle, increased ALCAT1 expression, induced protein degradation and cell apoptosis, which were partly reversed by AE; Knockout of Fndc5 further aggravated MI-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis in skeletal muscle, and partly weakened the beneficial effects of AE. In contrast, knockout of Alcat1 reduced MI-induced oxidative stress and cell apoptosis and strengthened the beneficial effects of AE. rhIrisin and AICAR intervention inhibited ALCAT1 expression, oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, which induced by H2O2 or LV-Alcat1 in C2C12 cells. These findings reveal that AE could alleviate the levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis in skeletal muscle following MI, partly via up-regulating Irisin and inhibiting ALCAT1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wujing Ren
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zujie Xu
- Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shou Pan
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yixuan Ma
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Hangzhuo Li
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Fangnan Wu
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China; School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wenyan Bo
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Mengxin Cai
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports Biology, College of Physical Education, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China.
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“Ferrocrinology”—Iron Is an Important Factor Involved in Gluco- and Lipocrinology. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214693. [DOI: 10.3390/nu14214693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
“Ferrocrinology” is the term used to describe the study of iron effects on the functioning of adipose tissue, which together with muscle tissue makes the largest endocrine organ in the human body. By impairing exercise capacity, reducing AMP-activated kinase activity, and enhancing insulin resistance, iron deficiency can lead to the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Due to impaired browning of white adipose tissue and reduced mitochondrial iron content in adipocytes, iron deficiency (ID) can cause dysfunction of brown adipose tissue. By reducing ketogenesis, aconitase activity, and total mitochondrial capacity, ID impairs muscle performance. Another important aspect is the effect of ID on the impairment of thermogenesis due to reduced binding of thyroid hormones to their nuclear receptors, with subsequently impaired utilization of norepinephrine in tissues, and impaired synthesis and distribution of cortisol, which all make the body’s reactivity to stress in ID more pronounced. Iron deficiency can lead to the development of the most common endocrinopathy, autoimmune thyroid disease. In this paper, we have discussed the role of iron in the cross-talk between glucocrinology, lipocrinology and myocrinology, with thyroid hormones acting as an active bystander.
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Khajebishak Y, Faghfouri AH, Soleimani A, Madani S, Payahoo L. Exploration of meteorin-like peptide (metrnl) predictors in type 2 diabetic patients: the potential role of irisin, and other biochemical parameters. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2022:hmbci-2022-0037. [PMID: 36181729 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2022-0037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Meteorin-like peptide (Metrnl), the newly discovered adipokines involves in glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential predictors of Metrnl by emphasizing the Irisin, glycemic indices, and lipid profile biomarkers in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study was carried out on 32 obese types 2 diabetic patients, 31 healthy obese, and 30 healthy normal weight people between August 2020 and March 2021. Serum Metrnl and Irisin, fasting blood glucose (FBS), fasting insulin (FI), fasting insulin (FI), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), HbA1c and eAG levels were measured in a standard manner. To assay insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity, the homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and quantitative check index (QUICKI) model were used. Quantile regression analysis with the backward elimination method was used to explore predictors. The significant level was defined as p<0.05. RESULTS Between variables entered into the model, only the group item showed to be the main predictor of Metrnl in type 2 diabetic patients. Besides, the serum level of Irisin was lower in diabetic patients, and a significant difference was detected between obese diabetic patients and the normal weight group (p=0.024). CONCLUSIONS Given the multi-causality of diabetes and also the possible therapeutic role of Metrnl in the management of type 2 diabetic patients' abnormalities, designing future studies are needed to discover other predictors of Metrnl and the related mechanisms of Metrnl in the management of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Khajebishak
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Faghfouri
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Maternal and Childhood Obesity Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Soleimani
- Department of Public Health, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Sadra Madani
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Laleh Payahoo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
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Irisin Is Related to Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092253. [PMID: 36140354 PMCID: PMC9496390 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a cytokine involved in many metabolic pathways occurring, among others, in muscles, adipose tissue and liver. Thus, fluctuations in irisin levels are suggested to be related to metabolic diseases. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to evaluate whether irisin may be associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A total of 138 patients (70/68 male/female, mean age 65.61 ± 10.44 years) were enrolled in the study. The patients were assigned to the NAFLD group (n = 72, including 46 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM]) and the group without NAFLD (n = 66, 31 patients with T2DM). NAFLD was diagnosed based on ultrasound examination, Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Fatty Liver Index. Baseline anthropometric, blood pressure and biochemical parameters were collected. The serum irisin level was determined using an ELISA test. We observed that NAFLD was associated with an increased concentration of irisin. Moreover, Spearman correlations and linear regression analysis revealed that irisin level correlates with some anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as body mass index, glycated hemoglobin, aspartic aminotransferase, creatinine and urea. Logistic regression analysis depicted that odds for NAFLD increase 1.17 times for each 1 μg/mL rise of irisin concentration. Finally, ROC analysis showed that the concentration of irisin possesses a discriminate capacity for NAFLD and optimal cut points concentration could be designed. The risk of NAFLD in the subgroup with irisin concentration above 3.235 μg/mL was 4.57 times higher than in patients with the lower concentration of irisin. To conclude, the obtained results suggest that irisin concentration is associated with some anthropometric and biochemical parameters and should be further investigated toward its usage as a diagnostic biomarker of NAFLD.
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Rezaeeshirazi R. Aerobic Versus Resistance Training: Leptin and Metabolic Parameters Improvement in Type 2 Diabetes Obese Men. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2022; 93:537-547. [PMID: 34383632 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2021.1875111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the research was to determine the changes in metabolic parameters, leptin, and irisin levels after aerobic and resistance training in type-2 diabetes obese men. Methods: Forty-five participants in the age range of 17-25 years were randomized into three groups: aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), and control (CO). All training sessions were fulfilled 4 days per week for two months. The aerobic training began with intensity of 65% of the maximum aerobic power and finished with 90%. The resistance program started with 50% of one-repetition maximum and reached 70% in the 8th week. Results: Factorial analysis of variance and Bonferroni post-hoc test revealed significant decreases in leptin (p = .043), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (p = .023), insulin (p = .001), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (p = .022) in AT compared with CO and insulin (p = .006) in AT compared with RT. The change of percent body fat (PBF) was positively correlated only with change of HOMA-IR in AT group (p = .032) at p < .05. Conclusion: The result suggests that, compared to resistance training, aerobic training can control metabolic situations such as insulin resistance through the leptin hormone function, and not irisin in type-2 diabetes obese men.
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Slate-Romano JJ, Yano N, Zhao TC. Irisin reduces inflammatory signaling pathways in inflammation-mediated metabolic syndrome. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 552:111676. [PMID: 35569582 PMCID: PMC10084474 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise induced myokine first shown to induce the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) which increases energy expenditure, improves glucose tolerance, and reduces insulin resistance. Among irisin's involvement in lipid homeostasis, osteoblast proliferation, and muscle growth, it also acts as a mediator of many inflammatory pathways throughout the body. This review aims to describe the role of irisin in inflammatory processes and understand how targeting irisin can alter the inflammatory response in metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mechanisms involved in irisin's anti-inflammatory functions include reducing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines while increasing production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, reducing macrophage proliferation, inducing alternatively activated (M2-type) macrophage polarization, inhibiting pathways of increased vascular permeability, and preventing the formation of inflammasomes. While there are some contradictory results, most studies found reduced levels of irisin in MetS and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Irisin treatment of cells exposed to inflammatory stimuli ameliorates the inflammatory response and promotes cellular viability. Numerous methods have been studied to increase plasma irisin levels including dietary, behavioral, and pharmaceutical. Further investigation is necessary to understand how irisin can be targeted for disease modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Slate-Romano
- Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University School of Medicine, 222 Richmond St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Naohiro Yano
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ting C Zhao
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert School of Medicine, 593 Eddy St. Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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Vatannejad A, Fadaei R, Salimi F, Fouani FZ, Habibi B, Shapourizadeh S, Eivazi S, Eivazi S, Sadeghi A, Moradi N. Plasma Complement C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 15 concentration is associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263658. [PMID: 35700181 PMCID: PMC9197053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common poignant endocrine disorder affecting women, posing a close association with metabolic syndrome and obesity. Existing literature characterizes PCOS with deranged levels of several adipokines and myokines. CTRP15 is a paralogue of adiponectin, mainly expressed by skeletal muscles, and plays a key role in insulin, glucose, and lipid metabolism. In the current study, we aim to determine the circulating levels of CTRP15 and evaluate its association with cardiometabolic and inflammatory parameters in PCOS women. This case-control study included 120 PCOS patients (60 Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and 60 infertile (inf) PCOS) and 60 healthy non-PCOS controls. Serum levels of hs-CRP were measured by commercial kits, while serum levels of adiponectin and CTRP15 were determined using the ELISA technique. Serum levels of CTRP15 were significantly elevated in PCOS-RPL and PCOS-inf subgroups when compared to controls (94.80 ± 27.08 and 87.77 ± 25.48 vs. 54.78 ± 15.45, both P < 0.001). Moreover, serum adiponectin was considerably lower in the PCOS group and subgroups (P < 0.001), while serum hs-CRP, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, and free testosterone were significantly higher when compared to the non-PCOS group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, CTRP15 closely associated with FSH, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP, and BMI. These results highlight a possible involvement of CTRP15 in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The elevated levels of CTRP15 might be a compensatory mechanism for the metabolic dysregulations (excess adiposity, insulin resistance, metaflammation) associated with the syndrome. Nevertheless, future studies are necessary to unravel the underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Vatannejad
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Fouzieh Salimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fatima Zahraa Fouani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnam Habibi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of postgraduate, Borujerd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Borujerd, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shapourizadeh
- School of Mohadeseh, Shahriyar Education Office, Ministry of Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Eivazi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadegh Eivazi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asie Sadeghi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Kerman, Kerman, Iran
- * E-mail: (AS); (NM)
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- * E-mail: (AS); (NM)
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Xue C, Li X, Ba L, Shen Y, Sun Z, Gu J, Yang Y, Han Q, Zhao RC. Irisin mediates beiging of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells through binding to TRPC3. BMC Biol 2022; 20:95. [PMID: 35501783 PMCID: PMC9063202 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01287-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beiging of white fat plays an important role in energy metabolism. Beige adipocytes contribute to the regulation of body weight and body temperature through expenditure of chemical energy to produce heat, and they have therefore recently attracted considerable attention as potential targets for therapeutic approaches in metabolic disorders, including obesity. All adipocytes, including beige adipocytes, differentiate from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which may provide an important path for clinical intervention; however, the mechanism of beiging of human adipose cell-derived MSCs is not fully understood. Here, we provide insights on the role of IRISIN, which is known to be secreted by skeletal muscle and promote beiging of white fat. RESULTS We established an IRISIN-induced mesenchymal stem cell beiging model and found that IRISIN protein interacts with the MSC membrane protein TRPC3. This interaction results in calcium influx and consequential activation of Erk and Akt signaling pathways, which causes phosphorylation of PPARγ. The phosphorylated PPARγ enters the nucleus and binds the UCP1 promoter region. Furthermore, the role of TRPC3 in the beiging of MSCs was largely abolished in Trpc3-/- mice. We additionally demonstrate that the calcium concentration in the brain of mice increases upon IRISIN stimulation, followed by an increase in the content of excitatory amino acids and norepinephrine, while Trpc3-/- mice exhibit the reverse effect. CONCLUSIONS We found that TRPC3 is a key factor in irisin-induced beiging of MSCs, which may provide a new target pathway in addressing metabolic disorders. Our results additionally suggest that the interaction of irisin with TRPC3 may affect multiple tissues, including the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Xue
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China.
| | - Xuechun Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China
| | - Li Ba
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China
| | - Yamei Shen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Gu
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of oncology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan Hutong, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Center of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory (No.BZO381), Beijing, China.
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13
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Wang T. Searching for the link between inflammaging and sarcopenia. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 77:101611. [PMID: 35307560 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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14
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Altınova AE. Beige Adipocyte as the Flame of White Adipose Tissue: Regulation of Browning and Impact of Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1778-e1788. [PMID: 34967396 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Beige adipocyte, the third and relatively new type of adipocyte, can emerge in white adipose tissue (WAT) under thermogenic stimulations that is termed as browning of WAT. Recent studies suggest that browning of WAT deserves more attention and therapies targeting browning of WAT can be helpful for reducing obesity. Beyond the major inducers of browning, namely cold and β 3-adrenergic stimulation, beige adipocytes are affected by several factors, and excess adiposity per se may also influence the browning process. The objective of the present review is to provide an overview of recent clinical and preclinical studies on the hormonal and nonhormonal factors that affect the browning of WAT. This review further focuses on the role of obesity per se on browning process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Eroğlu Altınova
- Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
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15
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Arab Sadeghabadi Z, Abbasalipourkabir R, Mohseni R, Ziamajidi N. Chicoric acid does not restore palmitate-induced decrease in irisin levels in PBMCs of newly diagnosed patients with T2D and healthy subjects. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:532-538. [PMID: 31855067 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1702060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Targeting irisin as a myokine/adipokine is a new therapeutic approach in the improvement of insulin-resistance (IR) during type 2 diabetes (T2D). In present study we evaluated the effects of palmitate and chicoric acid (CA) on irisin production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with T2D. This study performed on 20 newly diagnosed patients with T2D and 20 healthy subjects. PBMCs treated with palmitate and CA. PPARGC1A and FNDC5 genes expression assessed using qRT-PCR. Irisin levels in cell culture medium measured by ELISA. Palmitate decreased PPARGC1A and FNDC5 genes expression, as well as irisin levels in PBMCs from T2D and healthy volunteers. CA significantly restored palmitate-induced decrease in PPARGC1A gene expression in PBMCs of healthy subjects. Although, FNDC5 gene expression and irisin levels were not induced significantly by CA. In conclusion, palmitate decreases irisin production through down-regulation of PPARGC1A and FNDC5 expressions. However, CA does not effect on irisin pathway.Key pointsPalmitate reduced PPARGC1A and FNDC5 genes expression, as well as irisin secretion in PBMCs.Palmitate-induced decrease in PPARGC1A gene expression significantly has been reversed by CA in PBMCs of healthy subjects.CA did not return palmitate-decreased in FNDC5 gene expression and irisin levels in PBMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab Sadeghabadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roghayeh Abbasalipourkabir
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mohseni
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nasrin Ziamajidi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
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16
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Li J, Yi X, Li T, Yao T, Li D, Hu G, Ma Y, Chang B, Cao S. Effects of exercise and dietary intervention on muscle, adipose tissue, and blood IRISIN levels in obese male mice and their relationship with the beigeization of white adipose tissue. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:EC-21-0625.R1. [PMID: 35148278 PMCID: PMC8942313 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, and newer therapeutic strategies to combat it are urgently required. This study aimed to analyze the effect of diet and exercise interventions on energy balance in mice and elucidate the mechanism of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1-alpha-IRISIN-uncoupling protein-1 (PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1) pathway in the beigeization of white adipose tissue. METHODS Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal (NC) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. After 10 weeks of HFD feeding, obese mice were randomly divided into obesity control (OC), obesity diet control (OD), obesity exercise (OE), and obesity diet control exercise (ODE) groups. Mice in OE and ODE performed moderate-load treadmill exercises: for OD and ODE, the diet constituted 70% of the food intake of the OC group for 8 weeks. RESULTS Long-term HFD inhibits white adipose tissue beigeization by downregulating PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1 in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscles. Eight weeks of exercise and dietary interventions alleviated obesity-induced skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue PGC-1α-IRISIN-UCP-1 pathway downregulation promoted white adipose tissue beigeization and reduced body adipose tissue. The effects of the combined intervention were better than those of single interventions. CONCLUSIONS Diet and exercise intervention after obesity and obesity itself may affect the beigeization of WAT by downregulating/upregulating the expression/secretion of skeletal muscle and adipose PGC-1α-IRISIN, thereby influencing the regulation of bodyweight. The effects of the combined intervention were better than those of single interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuejie Yi
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Li
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Tingting Yao
- School of Physical Education, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongyang Li
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guangxuan Hu
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yongqi Ma
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bo Chang
- Exercise and Health Research Center, Department of Kinesiology, Laboratory Management Center, Shenyang Sport University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Chang or S Cao: or
| | - Shicheng Cao
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Public and Basic Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Chang or S Cao: or
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17
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Arner P, Andersson DP, Arner E, Rydén M, Kerr AG. Subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion mechanisms are similar in early and late onset overweight/obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1196-1203. [PMID: 35228658 PMCID: PMC9151387 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01102-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background/objective The development of overweight/obesity associates with alterations in white adipose tissue (WAT) cellularity (fat cell size/number) and lipid metabolism, in particular lipolysis. If these changes differ between early/juvenile (EOO < 18 years of age) or late onset overweight/obesity (LOO) is unknown and was presently examined. Subjects/methods We included 439 subjects with validated information on body mass index (BMI) at 18 years of age. Using this information and current BMI, subjects were divided into never overweight/obese (BMI < 25 kg/m2), EOO and LOO. Adipocyte size, number, morphology (size in relation to body fat) and lipolysis were determined in subcutaneous abdominal WAT. Body composition and WAT distribution was assessed by dual-X-ray absorptiometry. Results Compared with never overweight/obese, EOO and LOO displayed larger WAT amounts in all examined depots, which in subcutaneous WAT was explained by a combination of increased size and number of fat cells in EOO and LOO. EOO had 40% larger subcutaneous fat mass than LOO (p < 0.0001). Visceral WAT mass, WAT morphology and lipolysis did not differ between EOO and LOO except for minor differences in men between the two obesity groups. On average, the increase in BMI per year was 57% higher in subjects with EOO compared to LOO (p < 0.0001). Conclusion Early onset overweight/obesity causes a more rapid and pronounced accumulation of subcutaneous WAT than adult onset. However, fat mass expansion measures including WAT cellularity, morphology and fat cell lipolysis do not differ in an important way suggesting that similar mechanisms of WAT growth operate in EOO and LOO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Daniel P Andersson
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Arner
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.,GSK, Gunnels Wood Rd, Stevenage, SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alastair G Kerr
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Center for Metabolism and Endocrinology, 14186, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Kawao N, Kawaguchi M, Ohira T, Ehara H, Mizukami Y, Takafuji Y, Kaji H. Renal failure suppresses muscle irisin expression, and irisin blunts cortical bone loss in mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:758-771. [PMID: 34997830 PMCID: PMC8818650 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic renal failure induces bone mineral disorders and sarcopenia. Skeletal muscle affects other tissues, including bone, by releasing myokines. However, the effects of chronic renal failure on the interactions between muscle and bone remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of renal failure on bone, muscle, and myokines linking muscle to bone using a mouse 5/6 nephrectomy (Nx) model. Muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) were analysed by quantitative computed tomography 8 weeks after Nx. RESULTS Nephrectomy significantly reduced muscle mass in the whole body (12.1% reduction, P < 0.05), grip strength (10.1% reduction, P < 0.05), and cortical BMD at the femurs of mice (9.5% reduction, P < 0.01) 8 weeks after surgery, but did not affect trabecular BMD at the femurs. Among the myokines linking muscle to bone, Nx reduced the expression of irisin, a proteolytic product of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5 (Fndc5), in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice (38% reduction, P < 0.01). Nx increased myostatin mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice (54% increase, P < 0.01). In simple regression analyses, cortical BMD, but not trabecular BMD, at the femurs was positively related to Fndc5 mRNA levels in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice (r = 0.651, P < 0.05). The weekly administration of recombinant irisin to mice ameliorated the decrease in cortical BMD, but not muscle mass or grip strength, induced by Nx (6.2% reduction in mice with Nx vs. 3.3% reduction in mice with Nx and irisin treatment, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present results demonstrated that renal failure decreases the expression of irisin in the gastrocnemius muscles of mice. Irisin may contribute to cortical bone loss induced by renal failure in mice as a myokine linking muscle to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Miku Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohira
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ehara
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yuya Mizukami
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
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Vankrunkelsven W, Derde S, Gunst J, Vander Perre S, Declerck E, Pauwels L, Derese I, Van den Berghe G, Langouche L. Obesity attenuates inflammation, protein catabolism, dyslipidaemia, and muscle weakness during sepsis, independent of leptin. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:418-433. [PMID: 34994068 PMCID: PMC8818596 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscle weakness is a frequently occurring complication of sepsis, associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, obesity attenuates sepsis-induced muscle wasting and weakness. As the adipokine leptin is strongly elevated in obesity and has been shown to affect muscle homeostasis in non-septic conditions, we aimed to investigate whether leptin mediates the protective effect of obesity on sepsis-induced muscle weakness. METHODS In a mouse model of sepsis, we investigated the effects of genetic leptin inactivation in obese mice (leptin-deficient obese mice vs. diet-induced obese mice) and of leptin supplementation in lean mice (n = 110). We assessed impact on survival, body weight and composition, markers of muscle wasting and weakness, inflammation, and lipid metabolism. In human lean and overweight/obese intensive care unit (ICU) patients, we assessed markers of protein catabolism (n = 1388) and serum leptin (n = 150). RESULTS Sepsis mortality was highest in leptin-deficient obese mice (53% vs. 23% in diet-induced obese mice and 37% in lean mice, P = 0.03). Irrespective of leptin, after 5 days of sepsis, lean mice lost double the amount of lean body mass than obese mice (P < 0.0005). Also, irrespective of leptin, obese mice maintained specific muscle force up to healthy levels (P = 0.3) whereas lean mice suffered from reduced specific muscle force (72% of healthy controls, P < 0.0002). As compared with lean septic mice, both obese septic groups had less muscle atrophy, liver amino acid catabolism, and inflammation with a 50% lower plasma TNFα increase (P < 0.005). Conversely, again mainly irrespective of leptin, obese mice lost double amount of fat mass than lean mice after 5 days of sepsis (P < 0.0001), showed signs of increased lipolysis and ketogenesis, and had higher plasma HDL and LDL lipoprotein concentrations (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Muscle fibre type composition was not altered during sepsis, but a higher atrophy sensitivity of type IIb fibres compared with IIa and IIx fibres was observed, independent of obesity or leptin. After 5 days of critical illness, serum leptin was higher (P < 0.0001) and the net waste of nitrogen (P = 0.006) and plasma urea-to-creatinine ratio (P < 0.0001) was lower in overweight/obese compared with lean ICU human patients. CONCLUSIONS Leptin did not mediate the protective effect of obesity against sepsis-induced muscle wasting and weakness in mice. Instead, obesity-independent of leptin-attenuated inflammation, protein catabolism, and dyslipidaemia, pathways that may play a role in the observed muscle protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Vankrunkelsven
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Derde
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Gunst
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vander Perre
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emiel Declerck
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Pauwels
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inge Derese
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Van den Berghe
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies Langouche
- Clinical Division and Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yan Y, Dong R, Zhang C, Jiang Q. Interleukin-6 mediates lipopolysaccharide-inhibited irisin secretion in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 121:99-107. [PMID: 34965444 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Irisin is a novel immunomodulatory adipomyokine released upon cleavage of the fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). We aimed to examine interleukin-6 (IL-6) role in mediating irisin secretion in immunologically challenged animal and primary head kidney leukocytes cultured from tilapia. Intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) increased plasma IL-6 levels and decreased irisin secretion, suggesting a causal relationship between the induction of IL-6 and irisin. To address this relationship, we further produced recombinant tilapia IL-6 and the anti-tilapia IL-6 polyclonal antiserum. Intraperitoneal injection of recombinant tilapia IL-6 inhibited plasma irisin levels. Consistent with this observation, LPS-induced inhibition of plasma irisin was significantly attenuated by neutralizing circulating IL-6 using an IL-6 antiserum. Besides, IL-6 treatment could inhibit irisin secretion and FNDC5 gene expression in primary cultures of tilapia head kidney leukocytes. In parallel experiments, both LPS and IL-6 blockade of irisin secretion could be reverted by IL-6 receptor antagonism. At the level of the leukocyte, IL-6 treatment also triggered rapid phosphorylation of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), whereas IL-6-reduced irisin secretion could be negated by inhibiting the JAK2 and STAT3 signaling pathways. These results, as a whole, provide the first evidence that IL-6 is the mediator of LPS-inhibited irisin secretion via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisha Yan
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Rui Dong
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chaoyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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21
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A Combination of Aerobic Exercise at Fatmax and Low Resistance Training Increases Fat Oxidation and Maintains Muscle Mass, in Women Waiting for Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2022; 32:1130-1140. [PMID: 35048250 PMCID: PMC8933381 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-022-05897-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is no consensus on the best exercise recommendation for women affected by severe obesity while they are waiting for bariatric surgery. For this reason, the effects of a combination of aerobic exercise performed at the intensity at which maximal fat oxidation is reached (Fatmax) with low-intensity resistance training were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty sedentary middle-aged Caucasian women (43.2 ± 7.5 years, BMI = 46.5 ± 5.9 kg·m-2) were allocated to a control group (CG, n = 10) that followed solely the conventional preoperative care or to an experimental group (EG, n = 10) that, in addition, performed a 12-week individualized and supervised physical activity program (PAP) that combined aerobic training at Fatmax with low-intensity resistance training. RESULTS After the PAP, maximal fat oxidation during exercise increased in the EG (0.187 ± 0.068 vs 0.239 ± 0.080 g·min-1, p = 0.025, pre vs. post, respectively), but resting fat oxidation did not (0.088 ± 0.034 vs 0.092 ± 0.029 g·min-1, p = 0.685, pre vs. post, respectively). Additionally, the resting metabolic rate in the EG was also unchanged (1869 ± 406 vs. 1894 ± 336 kcal; p = 0.827, pre vs. post, respectively), probably because of the effects of resistance training on the maintenance of fat-free mass. No significant changes were observed in the CG. CONCLUSION A PAP that combines aerobic exercise at Fatmax with low resistance training may counteract some of the deleterious side effects of the standard presurgical care of women waiting for bariatric surgery and increase maximal fat oxidation during exercise.
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22
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Ismaiel A, Spinu M, Socaciu C, Budisan L, Leucuta DC, Popa SL, Chis BA, Berindan-Neagoe I, Olinic DM, Dumitrascu DL. Metabolic biomarkers related to cardiac dysfunction in metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a cross-sectional analysis. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:4. [PMID: 35042855 PMCID: PMC8764324 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00182-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hepatic steatosis is associated with cardiac systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Therefore, we evaluated metabolites and their potential cardiovascular effects in metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 75 participants (38 MAFLD and 37 controls). Hepatic steatosis was confirmed by hepatic ultrasonography and SteatoTestTM. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography. Metabolomic analysis was conducted using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS The median age for participants' age was 45 (IQR 30-56.5), with gender distribution of 35 males and 40 females. MAFLD patients had lower levels of glycyl tyrosine (p-value < 0.001), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (18:2/0:0) (p-value < 0.001), LPC (22:6) (p-value < 0.001), and ceramide (Cer) (d18:0/23:0) (p-value 0.003) compared to controls. MAFLD patients presented lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), E/A ratio, E/e' ratio, and average global longitudinal strain (GLS) values, with a p-value of 0.047, <0.001, 0.008, and <0.001, respectively. Decreased glycyl tyrosine levels were significantly correlated with reduced LVEF, even after performing multiple linear regression with 95% CI (1.34-3.394, p-value < 0.001). Moreover, decreased LPC (18:2/0:0) levels remained significantly associated with E/A ratio, even after adjusting for confounding factors with 95% CI (0.008-0.258, p-value = 0.042). CONCLUSION MAFLD patients are at risk for developing cardiac systolic and subclinical systolic dysfunctions, as well as diastolic dysfunction. Decreased glycyl tyrosine levels correlate with reduced LVEF and LPC (18:2/0:0) levels with diastolic dysfunction, even after adjusting for confounding factors, suggesting their potential to be used as metabolic biomarkers in detecting cardiovascular risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Ismaiel
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihail Spinu
- Medical Clinic No. 1, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 400006, Romania
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine & BIODIATECH - Research Center on Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Livia Budisan
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan-Lucian Popa
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Bogdan Augustin Chis
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine-Medfuture, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 23 Marinescu Street, 400337, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Genomics and Experimental Pathology, The Oncology Institute "Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta", 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan Mircea Olinic
- Medical Clinic No. 1, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, 400006, Romania
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Emergency Clinical Hospital, Cluj-Napoca, 400006, Romania
| | - Dan L Dumitrascu
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Role of Distinct Fat Depots in Metabolic Regulation and Pathological Implications. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 186:135-176. [PMID: 35915363 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
People suffering from obesity and associated metabolic disorders including diabetes are increasing exponentially around the world. Adipose tissue (AT) distribution and alteration in their biochemical properties play a major role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that AT heterogeneity and depot-specific physiological changes are vital in the development of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues like muscle and liver. Classically, AT depots are classified into white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT); WAT is the site of fatty acid storage, while BAT is a dedicated organ of metabolic heat production. The discovery of beige adipocyte clusters in WAT depots indicates AT heterogeneity has a more central role than hither to ascribed. Therefore, we have discussed in detail the current state of understanding on cellular and molecular origin of different AT depots and their relevance toward physiological metabolic homeostasis. A major focus is to highlight the correlation between altered WAT distribution in the body and metabolic pathogenesis in animal models and humans. We have also underscored the disparity in the molecular (including signaling) changes in various WAT tissues during diabetic pathogenesis. Exercise-mediated beneficial alteration in WAT physiology/distribution that protects against metabolic disorders is evolving. Here we have discussed the depot-specific biochemical adjustments induced by different forms of exercise. A detailed understanding of the molecular details of inter-organ crosstalk via substrate utilization/storage and signaling through chemokines provide strategies to target selected WAT depots to pharmacologically mimic the benefits of exercise countering metabolic diseases including diabetes.
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Wang N, Sun Y, Zhang H, Chen C, Wang Y, Zhang J, Xia F, Benedict C, Tan X, Lu Y. Total and regional fat-to-muscle mass ratio measured by bioelectrical impedance and risk of incident type 2 diabetes. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:2154-2162. [PMID: 34595832 PMCID: PMC8718017 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fat-to-muscle mass ratio (FMR) might be an indicator to assess type 2 diabetes risk independent of general obesity. However, no longitudinal studies have explored the extent to which total and regional FMRs may confer risks. We aimed to measure the sex-specific associations between FMRs of the arm, leg, trunk and whole body and incident type 2 diabetes. METHODS A total of 464 817 participants (207 286 men and 257 531 women, mean age 56.5 ± 8.2 and 56.2 ± 8.0 years old, respectively) free of diabetes at baseline were included in this prospective cohort study with UK Biobank data. Fat mass and muscle mass were estimated using a bioelectrical impedance assessment device (Tanita BC 418MA). FMR was calculated as fat mass divided by muscle mass in corresponding body parts (total body, arm, leg and trunk). Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the aforementioned associations among men and women. Interaction analyses were performed between FMRs and body mass index (BMI) categories (BMI < 25 kg/m2 and BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 ). RESULTS Over the median 11.0 years (5 057 534 person-years) of follow-up, we documented 11 618 cases of type 2 diabetes. There was a significantly positive association between total and regional FMR and incident type 2 diabetes, even after adjusting for BMI and other covariates. Compared with other body parts, FMRs of the whole body and leg showed the strongest relationship among men and women, respectively (hazard ratio per 1 SD, 95% confidence interval: 1.67, 1.55-1.80; 1.45, 1.39-1.53). A significant interaction (P for interaction < 0.001) between BMI category and FMRs of different body parts was observed. In the stratified analysis by BMI category and tertiles of FMRs, overweight/obese individuals with a high FMR tertile tended to have the highest hazard ratio, ranging from 5.91 to 7.94 in whole body and regional areas. CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective study, higher total and regional FMRs were associated with a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes, independent of BMI. This association was markedly strengthened in participants with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, Christian M, He Z. Food phenolics stimulate adipocyte browning via regulating gut microecology. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-27. [PMID: 34738509 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1997905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Fat browning has piqued the interest of researchers as a potential target for treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Recruitment of brown adipocytes leads to enhanced energy dissipation and reduced adiposity, thus facilitating the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis. Evidence is increasing to support the crucial roles of polyphenols and gut microecology in turning fat "brown". However, it is not clear whether the intestinal microecology is involved in polyphenol-mediated regulation of adipose browning, so this concept is worthy of exploration. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge, mostly from studies with murine models, supporting the concept that the effects of food phenolics on brown fat activation and white fat browning can be attributed to their regulatory actions on gut microecology, including microbial community profile, gut metabolites, and gut-derived hormones. Furthermore, the potential underlying pathways involved are also discussed. Basically, understanding gut microecology paves the way to determine the underlying roles and mechanisms of food phenolics in adipose browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yongzhi Wang
- Food and Beverage Department of Damin Food (Zhangzhou) Co., Ltd, Zhangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mark Christian
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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de Holanda NCP, Baad VMA, Bezerra LR, de Lima SKM, Filho JM, de Holanda Limeira CC, Cavalcante TCF, Montenegro ACP, Bandeira F. Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Bone Density, and Bone Turnover After Bariatric Surgery: Differences Between Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and Sleeve Gastrectomy. Obes Surg 2021; 31:5367-5375. [PMID: 34635988 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-021-05739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bariatric surgery may lead to metabolic bone disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we compared the prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), impact on bone mass and turnover markers, and serum leptin after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG) in 117 patients (91% female, 51% RYGB, age 41.8 ± 6.7 years, time of surgery 4.3 ± 3.4 years) at different times (1-2 years, > 2 and < 5 years and ≥ 5 years). Body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone parameters (PTH, serum calcium, 25OHD, alkaline phosphatase (AP), C-telopeptide (CTX)) were analyzed. RESULTS Prevalence of SHPT (PTH ≥ 65 pg/ml) was 26%, RYGB > SG (18.4% vs. 7.8%, p = 0.039), despite similar 25OHD and calcium levels. Mean PTH, CTX, and AP were higher in RYGB vs. SG (61.3 ± 29.5 vs 49.5 ± 32.3 pg/ml, p = 0.001; 0.596 ± 0.24 vs. 0.463 ± 0.23 ng/ml; 123.9 ± 60.8 vs. 100.7 ± 62.0 U/l). There were 13.5% decreases in femoral neck BMD in all patients, over the study period. In the last group, the RYGB group showed greater bone loss in total body BMD (1.016 vs. 1.151 g/cm2, - 8.1%, p = 0.003) and total femur BMD (1.164 vs. 1.267 g/cm2, - 11.7%, p = 0.007). Mean leptin was lower in the RYGB vs. SG group, with no correlation with BMD in any site. CONCLUSION Our data suggest a more deleterious role of RYGB on bone remodeling up to 5 years postoperatively in comparison with SG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narriane Chaves Pereira de Holanda
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Paraiba, Governador Antônio da Silva Mariz, 601, Portal Do Sol, João Pessoa, PB, CEP: 58046-518, Brazil.
- Post-Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil.
| | | | - Louise Rayra Bezerra
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
| | - Silvane Katarine Medeiros de Lima
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Paraiba, Governador Antônio da Silva Mariz, 601, Portal Do Sol, João Pessoa, PB, CEP: 58046-518, Brazil
| | - Joao Modesto Filho
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Paraiba, Governador Antônio da Silva Mariz, 601, Portal Do Sol, João Pessoa, PB, CEP: 58046-518, Brazil
| | - Caio Chaves de Holanda Limeira
- Department of Endocrinology, Federal University of Paraiba, Governador Antônio da Silva Mariz, 601, Portal Do Sol, João Pessoa, PB, CEP: 58046-518, Brazil
| | | | | | - Francisco Bandeira
- Post-Graduated Program in Health Sciences, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, University of Pernambuco Medical School, Recife, Brazil
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Pan R, Chen Y. Management of Oxidative Stress: Crosstalk Between Brown/Beige Adipose Tissues and Skeletal Muscles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:712372. [PMID: 34603076 PMCID: PMC8481590 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.712372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise plays an important role in the physiology, often depending on its intensity, duration, and frequency. It increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Meanwhile, it also increases antioxidant enzymes involved in the oxidative damage defense. Prolonged, acute, or strenuous exercise often leads to an increased radical production and a subsequent oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles, while chronic regular or moderate exercise results in a decrease in oxidative stress. Notably, under pathological state, such as obesity, aging, etc., ROS levels could be elevated in humans, which could be attenuated by proper exercise. Significantly, exercise stimulates the development of beige adipose tissue and potentially influence the function of brown adipose tissue (BAT), which is known to be conducive to a metabolic balance through non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and may protect from oxidative stress. Exercise-related balance of the ROS levels is associated with a healthy metabolism in humans. In this review, we summarize the integrated effects of exercise on oxidative metabolism, and especially focus on the role of brown and beige adipose tissues in this process, providing more evidence and knowledge for a better management of exercise-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Pan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Wuhan, China
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Leptin Reduces Plin5 m 6A Methylation through FTO to Regulate Lipolysis in Piglets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910610. [PMID: 34638947 PMCID: PMC8508756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perilipin5 (Plin5) is a scaffold protein that plays an important role in lipid droplets (LD) formation, but the regulatory effect of leptin on it is unclear. Our study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms by which leptin reduces the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of Plin5 through fat mass and obesity associated genes (FTO) and regulates the lipolysis. To this end, 24 Landrace male piglets (7.73 ± 0.38 kg) were randomly sorted into two groups, either a control group (Control, n = 12) or a 1 mg/kg leptin recombinant protein treatment group (Leptin, n = 12). After 4 weeks of treatment, the results showed that leptin treatment group had lower body weight, body fat percentage and blood lipid levels, but the levels of Plin5 mRNA and protein increased significantly in adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Leptin promotes the up-regulation of FTO expression level in vitro, which in turn leads to the decrease of Plin5 M6A methylation (p < 0.05). In in vitro porcine adipocytes, overexpression of FTO aggravated the decrease of M6A methylation and increased the expression of Plin5 protein, while the interference fragment of FTO reversed the decrease of m6A methylation (p < 0.05). Finally, the overexpression in vitro of Plin5 significantly reduces the size of LD, promotes the metabolism of triglycerides and the operation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and increases thermogenesis. This study clarified that leptin can regulate Plin5 M6A methylation by promoting FTO to affect the lipid metabolism and energy consumption, providing a theoretical basis for treating diseases related to obesity.
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29
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van Krieken PP, Odermatt TS, Borsigova M, Blüher M, Wueest S, Konrad D. Oncostatin M suppresses browning of white adipocytes via gp130-STAT3 signaling. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101341. [PMID: 34547509 PMCID: PMC8502775 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is associated with low-grade adipose tissue inflammation and locally elevated levels of several glycoprotein 130 (gp130) cytokines. The conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes (browning) may increase energy expenditure and revert the positive energy balance that underlies obesity. Although different gp130 cytokines and their downstream targets were shown to regulate expression of the key browning marker uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), it remains largely unknown how this contributes to the development and maintenance of obesity. Herein, we aim to study the role of gp130 cytokine signaling in white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in the obese state. Methods Protein and gene expression levels of UCP1 and other thermogenic markers were assessed in a subcutaneous adipocyte cell line, adipose tissue depots from control or adipocyte-specific gp130 knockout (gp130Δadipo) mice fed either chow or a high-fat diet (HFD), or subcutaneous WAT biopsies from a human cohort of lean and obese subjects. WAT browning was modeled in vitro by exposing mature adipocytes to isoproterenol after stimulation with gp130 cytokines. ERK and JAK-STAT signaling were blocked using the inhibitors U0126 and Tofacitinib, respectively. Results Inguinal WAT of HFD-fed gp130Δadipo mice exhibited significantly elevated levels of UCP1 and other browning markers such as Cidea and Pgc-1α. In vitro, treatment with the gp130 cytokine oncostatin M (OSM) lowered isoproterenol-induced UCP1 protein and gene expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, OSM mediated the inhibition of Ucp1 via the JAK-STAT but not the ERK pathway. As with mouse data, OSM gene expression in human WAT positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.284, p = 0.021, n = 66) and negatively with UCP1 expression (r = −0.413, p < 0.001, n = 66). Conclusions Our data support the notion that OSM negatively regulates thermogenesis in WAT and thus may be an attractive target for treating obesity. OSM is regulated under obesity and negatively correlates with UCP1 in WAT. OSM suppresses isoproterenol-induced UCP1 in subcutaneous adipocytes. OSM signals through the gp130-STAT3 pathway to lower UCP1 expression. Obese mice lacking gp130 in adipocytes exhibit increased WAT browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pim P van Krieken
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Timothy S Odermatt
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marcela Borsigova
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, University of Leipzig, D-04103, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, CH-8032, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Furino VDO, Alves JM, Marine DA, Sene-Fiorese M, Rodrigues CNDS, Arrais-Lima C, Mattiello SM, de Castro CA, Borra RC, Rocha MC, Malavazi I, Duarte ACGDO. Dietary Intervention, When Not Associated With Exercise, Upregulates Irisin/FNDC5 While Reducing Visceral Adiposity Markers in Obese Rats. Front Physiol 2021; 12:564963. [PMID: 34483949 PMCID: PMC8414258 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.564963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an epidemic disease and the expansion of adipose tissue, especially visceral fat, promotes the secretion of factors that lead to comorbidities such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, diet and exercise have been proposed as an intervention to reverse these complications. An adipocytokine, known as irisin, mediates the beneficial effects of exercise. It has been proposed as a therapeutic potential in controlling obesity. In view of the above, this paper attempts to determine the modulation of irisin, visceral adiposity and biochemical markers in response to dietary intervention and aerobic exercise. To do this, 52 diet-induced obese male Wistar rats were divided into the following four groups: high-fat diet and exercise (HFD-Ex); HFD-Sedentary (HFD-Sed); chow-diet and exercise (CD-Exercise); and CD-Sed. The exercise-trained group performed a treadmill protocol for 60 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Body mass (BM), body fat (BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM) were analyzed. Mesenteric (MES), epididymal (EPI), and retroperitoneal (RET) adipose tissue was collected and histological analysis was performed. Biochemical irisin, triglycerides, glucose, insulin and inflammatory markers were determined and, FNDC5 protein expression was analyzed. In this study, the diet was the most important factor in reducing visceral adiposity in the short and long term. Exercise was an important factor in preserving muscle mass and reducing visceral depots after a long term. Moreover, the combination of diet and exercise can enhance these effects. Diet and exercise exclusively were the factors capable of increasing the values of irisin/FNDC5, however it did not bring cumulative effects of both interventions. Prescriptions to enhance the obesity treatments should involve reducing visceral adiposity by reducing the fat content in the diet associated with aerobic exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa de Oliveira Furino
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - João Manoel Alves
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Diego Adorna Marine
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sene-Fiorese
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Carla Nascimento Dos Santos Rodrigues
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cristina Arrais-Lima
- Department of Physiotherapy - DFisio-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Stela Márcia Mattiello
- Department of Physiotherapy - DFisio-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Aparecida de Castro
- Department of Morphology and Pathology-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Carneiro Borra
- Department of Genetics and Evolution-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marina Campos Rocha
- Department of Genetics and Evolution-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Department of Genetics and Evolution-Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira Duarte
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity - DEFMH, Biological and Health Sciences Center - CCBS, Federal University of São Carlos - UFSCar, São Carlos, Brazil
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31
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Kornel A, Den Hartogh DJ, Klentrou P, Tsiani E. Role of the Myokine Irisin on Bone Homeostasis: Review of the Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9136. [PMID: 34502045 PMCID: PMC8430535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is a highly dynamic tissue that is constantly adapting to micro-changes to facilitate movement. When the balance between bone building and resorption shifts more towards bone resorption, the result is reduced bone density and mineralization, as seen in osteoporosis or osteopenia. Current treatment strategies aimed to improve bone homeostasis and turnover are lacking in efficacy, resulting in the search for new preventative and nutraceutical treatment options. The myokine irisin, since its discovery in 2012, has been shown to play an important role in many tissues including muscle, adipose, and bone. Evidence indicate that irisin is associated with increased bone formation and decreased bone resorption, leading to reduced risk of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. In addition, low serum irisin levels have been found in individuals with osteoporosis and osteopenia. Irisin targets key signaling proteins, promoting osteoblastogenesis and reducing osteoclastogenesis. The present review summarizes the existing evidence regarding the effects of irisin on bone homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kornel
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
| | - Danja J. Den Hartogh
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (A.K.); (D.J.D.H.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada;
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The Physiological Role of Irisin in the Regulation of Muscle Glucose Homeostasis. ENDOCRINES 2021; 2:266-283. [PMID: 35392577 PMCID: PMC8986094 DOI: 10.3390/endocrines2030025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is a myokine that primarily targets adipose tissue, where it increases energy expenditure and contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise through the browning of white adipose tissue. As our knowledge has deepened in recent years, muscle has been found to be a major target organ for irisin as well. Several studies have attempted to characterize the role of irisin in muscle to improve glucose metabolism through mechanisms such as reducing insulin resistance. Although they are very intriguing reports, some contradictory results make it difficult to grasp the whole picture of the action of irisin on muscle. In this review, we attempted to organize the current knowledge of the role of irisin in muscle glucose metabolism. We discussed the direct effects of irisin on glucose metabolism in three types of muscle, that is, skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and the myocardium. We also describe irisin’s effects on mitochondria and its interactions with other hormones. Furthermore, to consider the relationship between the irisin-induced improvement of glucose metabolism in muscle and systemic disorders of glucose metabolism, we reviewed the results from animal interventional studies and human clinical studies.
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Vasyukova OV, Kasyanova YV, Okorokov PL, Bezlepkina OB. [Myokines and adipomyokines: inflammatory mediators or unique molecules of targeted therapy for obesity?]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 67:36-45. [PMID: 34533012 DOI: 10.14341/probl12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles make up about 25% of the total mass in children and more than 40% in adults. Studies of the last twenty years have shown that along with the main functions, muscle tissue has hormonal activity. It was found that myocytes are able to release signaling molecules-myokines. They act auto-and paracrine within the muscle, and at a high level-through the systemic circulation, carrying out interactions between skeletal muscles and various organs and tissues, such as the liver, bone and adipose tissue, the brain. It is proved that the key factor in the expression of myokines is physical activity, and their level largely depends on physical fitness, the amount of skeletal muscle mass and its composition (the ratio of fast and slow fibers), on the intensity and duration of physical activity. Myokines have a wide range of physiological effects: myostatin suppresses the growth and differentiation of muscle tissue, and decorin, acting as its antagonist, promotes muscle hypertrophy. Interleukin 6 provides an energy substrate for contracting muscle fibers, fibroblast growth factor 21 activates the mechanisms of energy production during fasting and improves tissue sensitivity to insulin; irisin stimulates thermogenesis, glucose uptake by myocytes, and also contributes to an increase in bone mineral density. The study of myokines is one of the key links in understanding the mechanisms underlying obesity and metabolic complications, the consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, as well as the implementation of the action of physical activity. Taking into account the physiological effects of myokines in the body, in the future they can become therapeutic targets for the treatment of these conditions.
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Liu L, Guo J, Chen X, Tong X, Xu J, Zou J. The Role of Irisin in Exercise-Mediated Bone Health. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:668759. [PMID: 34017836 PMCID: PMC8129548 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.668759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise training promotes physical and bone health, and is the first choice of non-drug strategies that help to improve the prognosis and complications of many chronic diseases. Irisin is a newly discovered peptide hormone that modulates energy metabolism and skeletal muscle mass. Here, we discuss the role of irisin in bone metabolism via exercise-induced mechanical forces regulation. In addition, the role of irisin in pathological bone loss and other chronic diseases is also reviewed. Notably, irisin appears to be a key determinant of bone mineral status and thus may serve as a novel biomarker for bone metabolism. Interestingly, the secretion of irisin appears to be mediated by different forms of exercise and pathological conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and inflammation. Understanding the mechanism by which irisin is regulated and how it regulates skeletal metabolism via osteoclast and osteoblast activities will be an important step toward applying new knowledge of irisin to the treatment and prevention of bone diseases such as osteolysis and other chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Liu
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Jianmin Guo
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- School of Sports Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Tong
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jun Zou
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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The muscle to bone axis (and viceversa): An encrypted language affecting tissues and organs and yet to be codified? Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105427. [PMID: 33453372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles and bone tissue form the musculoskeletal apparatus, a complex system essential for the voluntary movement. The loss of muscle mass and muscle strength is often associated with a loss of bone mass, in a "hazardous duet" which implies the co-existence of sarcopenia-osteoporosis and exposes patients to a deterioration in quality of life and increased mortality. From the mechanostat theory to the recent definition of the osteosarcopenia syndrome, many aspects of muscle-bone interaction have been investigated in recent decades. The mechanical interaction is now accepted, considering the close anatomical relationship between the two tissues, however, much remains to be discovered regarding the biochemical muscle-bone interaction. Skeletal muscle has been defined as an endocrine organ capable of exerting an action on other tissues. Myokines, bioactive polypeptides released by the muscle, could represent the encrypted message in the communication between muscle and bone. These two tissues have a reciprocal influence on their metabolisms and respond in a similar way to the multiple external factors. The aim of this review is to stimulate the understanding of the encrypted language between muscle and bone, highlighting the role of catabolic pathways and oxidative stress in the musculoskeletal apparatus to elucidate the shared mechanisms and the similarity of response to the same stimuli by different tissues. Our understanding of muscle-bone interactions it could be useful to identify and develop new strategies to treat musculoskeletal diseases, together with pharmacological, nutritional and exercise-based approaches, which are already in use for the treatment of these pathologies.
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Ou-Yang WL, Guo B, Xu F, Lin X, Li FXZ, Shan SK, Wu F, Wang Y, Zheng MH, Xu QS, Yuan LQ. The Controversial Role of Irisin in Clinical Management of Coronary Heart Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:678309. [PMID: 34276559 PMCID: PMC8281113 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.678309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin, a PGC1α-dependent myokine, was once believed to have beneficial effects induced by exercise. Since its first discovery of adipose browning in 2012, multiple studies have been trying to explore the metabolic functions of irisin, such as glucose and lipid metabolism. However, recently many studies with irisin concentration measuring were doubt for methodological problems, which may account for the continuous inconsistencies. New tools like recombinant irisin and gene-knockout mice are required to reconfirm the questioned functions of irisin. In this paper, we make a critical introduction to the latest researches concerning the relationship between irisin and coronary heart disease, which includes atherosclerosis, stable angina pectoris and acute coronary syndromes. These studies provided various controversial evidence of short and long-term monitoring and therapeutic effect from molecular cellular mechanisms, in vivo experiments and epidemiological investigation. But with ambiguities, irisin still has a long way to go to identify its functions in the clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Lu Ou-Yang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bei Guo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fu-Xing-Zi Li
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Su-Kang Shan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming-Hui Zheng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiu-Shuang Xu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Ling-Qing Yuan,
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A brief overview about the physiology of fibronectin type III domain-containing 5. Cell Signal 2020; 76:109805. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Zhao M, Zhou X, Yuan C, Li R, Ma Y, Tang X. Association between serum irisin concentrations and sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16093. [PMID: 32999391 PMCID: PMC7527993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73176-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an independent predictor of mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis. However, evidence has emerged that skeletal muscles mediate their protective effect against sarcopenia by secreting myokines. Therefore, we investigated whether irisin was associated with sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis. This was an observational cross-sectional study of data collected from 187 cirrhotic patients. Sarcopenia was defined by computed tomography (CT) scans using specific cutoffs of the 3rd lumbar vertebra skeletal muscle index (L3 SMI). Morning irisin levels were obtained in all patients. Of the 187 patients, sarcopenia was noted in 73 (39%). Irisin concentrations were lower in sarcopenic patients (32.40 pg/ml [interquartile range (IQR): 18.70, 121.26], p < 0.001) than in nonsarcopenic patients. There was a weak correlation between L3 SMI and irisin levels (r = 0.516, p < 0.001). Multivariable regression analysis including L3 SMI, body mass index (BMI), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), adiponectin, and irisin levels showed that L3 SMI (odds ratio [OR] = 0.915, p = 0.023), adiponectin levels (OR = 1.074, p = 0.014), irisin levels (OR = 0.993, p < 0.001) and BMI (OR = 0.456, p = 0.004) were independently associated with sarcopenia. Irisin levels are associated with sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis. This paper addresses a gap in the literature and facilitates the future transition into clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyuan Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Chengying Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China.
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Yuehong Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Xiaoxian Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030012, China
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Martínez-Sánchez N. There and Back Again: Leptin Actions in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176039. [PMID: 32839413 PMCID: PMC7503240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone discovered almost 30 years ago with important implications in metabolism. It is primarily produced by white adipose tissue (WAT) in proportion to the amount of fat. The discovery of leptin was a turning point for two principle reasons: on one hand, it generated promising expectations for the treatment of the obesity, and on the other, it changed the classical concept that white adipose tissue was simply an inert storage organ. Thus, adipocytes in WAT produce the majority of leptin and, although its primary role is the regulation of fat stores by controlling lipolysis and lipogenesis, this hormone also has implications in other physiological processes within WAT, such as apoptosis, browning and inflammation. Although a massive number of questions related to leptin actions have been answered, the necessity for further clarification facilitates constantly renewing interest in this hormone and its pathways. In this review, leptin actions in white adipose tissue will be summarized in the context of obesity.
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Mendez-Gutierrez A, Osuna-Prieto FJ, Aguilera CM, Ruiz JR, Sanchez-Delgado G. Endocrine Mechanisms Connecting Exercise to Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism: a Human Perspective. Curr Diab Rep 2020; 20:40. [PMID: 32725289 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-020-01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the exercise-regulated endocrine signals that might modulate brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity and/or white adipose tissue (WAT) browning, or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, in humans. RECENT FINDINGS Exercise induces WAT browning in rodents by means of a variety of physiological mechanism. However, whether exercise induces WAT browning in humans is still unknown. Nonetheless, a number of protein hormones and metabolites, whose signaling can influence thermogenic adipocyte's metabolism, are secreted during and/or after exercise in humans from a variety of tissues and organs, such as the skeletal muscle, the adipose tissue, the liver, the adrenal glands, or the cardiac muscle. Overall, it seems plausible to hypothesize that, in humans, exercise secretes an endocrine cocktail that is likely to induce WAT browning, as it does in rodents. However, even if exercise elicits a pro-browning endocrine response, this might result in a negligible effect if blood flow is restricted in thermogenic adipocyte-rich areas during exercise, which is still to be determined. Future studies are needed to fully characterize the exercise-induced secretion (i.e., to determine the effect of the different exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume) of endocrine signaling molecules that might modulate BAT activity and/or WAT browning or through which BAT communicates with other tissues, during exercise. The exercise effect on BAT metabolism and/or WAT browning could be one of the still unknown mechanisms by which exercise exerts beneficial health effects, and it might be pharmacologically mimicked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Osuna-Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Technology Centre for Functional Food Research and Development (CIDAF), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Concepcion M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, "José Mataix Verdú" Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Biohealth Research Institute in Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado
- PROFITH "PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity" Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Frühbeck G, Fernández-Quintana B, Paniagua M, Hernández-Pardos AW, Valentí V, Moncada R, Catalán V, Becerril S, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Portincasa P, Silva C, Salvador J, Rodríguez A. FNDC4, a novel adipokine that reduces lipogenesis and promotes fat browning in human visceral adipocytes. Metabolism 2020; 108:154261. [PMID: 32407726 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibronectin type IIIdomain-containing protein 4 (FNDC4) constitutes a secreted factor showing a high homology in the fibronectin type III and transmembrane domains with the exercise-associated myokine irisin (FNDC5). We sought to evaluate whether FNDC4 mimics the anti-obesity effects of FNDC5/irisin in human adipose tissue. METHODS Plasma and adipose tissue samples of 78 patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery and 26 normal-weight individuals were used in the present study. RESULTS Plasma FNDC4 was decreased in patients with morbid obesity, related to obesity-associated systemic inflammation and remained unchanged six months after bariatric surgery. Visceral adipose tissue from patients with morbid obesity showed higher expression of FNDC4 and its putative receptor GPR116 regardless of the degree of insulin resistance. FNDC4 content was regulated by lipogenic, lipolytic and proinflammatory stimuli in human visceral adipocytes. FNDC4 reduced intracytosolic lipid accumulation and stimulated a brown-like pattern in human adipocytes, as evidenced by an upregulated expression of UCP-1 and the brown/beige adipocyte markers PRDM16, TMEM26 and CD137. Moreover, FNDC4 treatment upregulated mitochondrial DNA content and factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM, NRF1 and NRF2). Human FNDC4-knockdown adipocytes exhibited an increase in lipogenesis and a reduction of brown/beige-specific fat markers as well as factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the novel adipokine FNDC4 reduces lipogenesis and increases fat browning in human visceral adipocytes. The upregulation of FNDC4 in human visceral fat might constitute an attempt to attenuate the adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and impaired beige adipogenesis in the obese state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Mirla Paniagua
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Valentí
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Moncada
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Anesthesia, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Camilo Silva
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Salvador
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain; Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
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Gonzalez-Gil AM, Elizondo-Montemayor L. The Role of Exercise in the Interplay between Myokines, Hepatokines, Osteokines, Adipokines, and Modulation of Inflammation for Energy Substrate Redistribution and Fat Mass Loss: A Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1899. [PMID: 32604889 PMCID: PMC7353393 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is an effective strategy for preventing and treating obesity and its related cardiometabolic disorders, resulting in significant loss of body fat mass, white adipose tissue browning, redistribution of energy substrates, optimization of global energy expenditure, enhancement of hypothalamic circuits that control appetite-satiety and energy expenditure, and decreased systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. Novel exercise-inducible soluble factors, including myokines, hepatokines, and osteokines, and immune cytokines and adipokines are hypothesized to play an important role in the body's response to exercise. To our knowledge, no review has provided a comprehensive integrative overview of these novel molecular players and the mechanisms involved in the redistribution of metabolic fuel during and after exercise, the loss of weight and fat mass, and reduced inflammation. In this review, we explain the potential role of these exercise-inducible factors, namely myokines, such as irisin, IL-6, IL-15, METRNL, BAIBA, and myostatin, and hepatokines, in particular selenoprotein P, fetuin A, FGF21, ANGPTL4, and follistatin. We also describe the function of osteokines, specifically osteocalcin, and of adipokines such as leptin, adiponectin, and resistin. We also emphasize an integrative overview of the pleiotropic mechanisms, the metabolic pathways, and the inter-organ crosstalk involved in energy expenditure, fat mass loss, reduced inflammation, and healthy weight induced by exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
| | - Leticia Elizondo-Montemayor
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico;
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Center for Research in Clinical Nutrition and Obesity, Ave. Morones Prieto 300, Monterrey N.L. 64710, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Cardiovascular and Metabolomics Research Group, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, San Pedro Garza Garcia P.C. 66278, Mexico
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Kawaguchi M, Kawao N, Takafuji Y, Ishida M, Kaji H. Myonectin inhibits the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in mouse cells. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03967. [PMID: 32514479 PMCID: PMC7266783 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Myonectin is a myokine, which is involved in the pathophysiology of diabetes and obesity, and various myokines are involved in the interactions between skeletal muscle and bone. However, roles of myonectin in bone have still remained unknown. We therefore examined the effects of myonectin on mouse osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in vitro. Myonectin significantly suppressed the mRNA levels of osteogenic genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in mouse osteoblasts. As for osteoclasts, myonectin significantly suppressed osteoclast formation as well as the mRNA levels of osteoclast-related genes enhanced by receptor activator nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) from mouse monocytic RAW264.7 cells. Moreover, myonectin significantly suppressed osteoclast formation from mouse bone marrow cells in the presence of macrophage-colony stimulating factor and RANKL. On the other hand, myonectin significantly suppressed RANKL-induced oxygen consumption rate and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1β mRNA levels in RAW264.7 cells, although myonectin did not affect these mitochondrial biogenesis parameters in mouse osteoblasts. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that myonectin suppresses the differentiation and ALP activity in mouse osteoblasts. Moreover, myonectin suppressed osteoclast differentiation from mouse bone marrow and RAW264.7 cells partly through an inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miku Kawaguchi
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kawao
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Takafuji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Ishida
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kaji
- Department of Physiology and Regenerative Medicine, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohnohigashi, Osakasayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Adipose tissue depot differences in adipokines and effects on skeletal and cardiac muscle. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 52:1-8. [PMID: 32387807 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
White (WAT) and brown (BAT) adipose tissue communicate with skeletal muscle and heart through the secretion of adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, omentin, osteopontin or cardiotrophin-1) and batokines (BMP8b, FGF-21, endothelin-1 or IL-6), respectively. Furthermore, several bioactive lipids termed lipokines [palmitoleate (C16:1n7) or 12,13-diHOME] and microRNAs capsuled in exosomes (miR-27a, miR122, miR-130b, miR-155, miR-200a or miR-320d) secreted from white and brown adipocytes also influence the skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The review focuses on the depot-related differences in adipose tissue-derived signals (adipokines, batokines, lipokines and exosomal miRNAs) and their impact on skeletal muscle under physiological conditions as well as in obesity. The relevance of regular physical activity and exercise on fat depot-specific adaptations to improve metabolic health will also be addressed.
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Xu F, Cao H, Chen Z, Gu H, Guo W, Lin B, Weng J. Short-term GLP-1 receptor agonist exenatide ameliorates intramyocellular lipid deposition without weight loss in ob/ob mice. Int J Obes (Lond) 2020; 44:937-947. [PMID: 31911662 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0513-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ectopic lipid deposition is closely associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Accumulating evidence shows that GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) improve obesity and liver steatosis. However, it remains unknown whether and how they ameliorate lipid deposition in skeletal muscle. This study aimed to investigate the effect of exenatide (a GLP-1 RA) on intramyocellular lipid deposition in the skeletal muscle of T2D models and its dependence on weight loss. METHODS Ob/ob mice and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with exenatide (24 nmol/kg), leptin (1 mg/kg), or saline control intraperitoneally once daily for 4 weeks. Phenotypic evaluations were performed during and after the intervention. PA-induced myoblast C2C12 cells were used as an in vitro model. The expression of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism was assessed in the skeletal muscle of ob/ob mice and DIO mice. RESULTS In ob/ob mice, 4-week exenatide treatment did not improve the body weight and fat mass, but modestly ameliorated intramyocellular lipid deposition and lipid profiles. In DIO mice, it remarkably alleviated the body weight, lipid profiles, and intramyocellular lipid deposition. In the skeletal muscle of these two models, exenatide treatment activated the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, stimulated lipid oxidation enzymes, and upregulated the insulin signaling pathway. In vitro, exendin-4 activated the AMPK signaling pathway and stimulated lipid metabolism to improve lipid accumulation in palmitate-induced myoblast C2C12 cells. CONCLUSIONS Exenatide ameliorated intramyocellular lipid deposition without body weight reduction in ob/ob mice, but alleviated body weight and intramyocellular lipid deposition in DIO mice. The underlying mechanism included the activation of AMPK signaling pathway and improvement in insulin sensitivity, independent of weight loss in ob/ob mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanyi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonglan Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huimin Gu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wanrong Guo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beisi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou, China.
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Shen S, Liao Q, Zhang T, Pan R, Lin L. Myricanol modulates skeletal muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk to alleviate high-fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3983-4001. [PMID: 31339170 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Skeletal muscle is the predominant site for glucose disposal and fatty acid consumption. Emerging evidence indicates that the crosstalk between adipose tissue and skeletal muscle is critical in maintaining insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis. The current study was designed to investigate whether myricanol improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates adiposity through modulating skeletal muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The therapeutic effect of myricanol was evaluated on palmitic acid (PA)-treated C2C12 myotubes and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The crosstalk between myotubes and adipocytes was evaluated using Transwell assay. The cellular lipid content was examined by Nile red staining. The mitochondrial content was assessed by MitoTracker Green staining and citrate synthase activity, and the mitochondrial function was examined by Seahorse assay. Expression of mitochondria-related and insulin signalling pathway proteins was analysed by Western blot, and the irisin level was determined by elisa kit. KEY RESULTS Myricanol increased mitochondrial quantity and function through activating AMP-activated protein kinase, resulting in reduced lipid accumulation and enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, in PA-treated C2C12 myotubes. Furthermore, myricanol stimulated irisin production and secretion from myotubes to reduce lipid content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In HFD-fed mice, myricanol treatment alleviated adiposity and insulin resistance through enhancing lipid utilization and irisin production in skeletal muscle and inducing browning of inguinal fat. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Myricanol modulates skeletal muscle-adipose tissue crosstalk, to stimulate browning of adipose tissue and improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle. Myricanol might be a potential candidate for treating insulin resistance and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Qiwen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Ruile Pan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ligen Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
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Lee J, Park J, Kim YH, Lee NH, Song KM. Irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222559. [PMID: 31518371 PMCID: PMC6743866 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine that has various physiological functions, such as roles in energy expenditure, glucose/lipid metabolism, and muscle development. In muscle development, myoblast proliferation is known to be a first step, and recent studies have reported that an increased irisin level is involved in the promotion of cell proliferation in various cell types, including myoblasts. However, the exact mechanism of action by which irisin promotes myoblast proliferation has not been reported. In this study, we aimed to determine the pro-proliferative effect of irisin on C2C12 myoblasts and its mechanism of action. Irisin induced C2C12 cell proliferation and upregulated the mRNA levels of markers of proliferation Pcna, Mki67, and Mcm2. Irisin increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation, and U0126, an ERK pathway inhibitor, suppressed irisin-induced C2C12 cell proliferation. Transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analysis showed that Ccl2, Ccl7, Ccl8, and C3 are potential downstream regulators of ERK signaling that promote C2C12 cell proliferation. Knockdown of Ccl7 revealed that irisin upregulates chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 7 (CCL7) and subsequently promotes C2C12 cell proliferation. These results suggest that irisin promotes C2C12 myoblast proliferation via ERK-dependent CCL7 upregulation and may aid in understanding how irisin contributes to muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangho Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Park
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hyouck Lee
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Song
- Research Division of Strategic Food Technology, Korea Food Research Institute, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Becerril S, Rodríguez A, Catalán V, Ramírez B, Unamuno X, Portincasa P, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G. Functional Relationship between Leptin and Nitric Oxide in Metabolism. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092129. [PMID: 31500090 PMCID: PMC6769456 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin, the product of the ob gene, was originally described as a satiety factor, playing a crucial role in the control of body weight. Nevertheless, the wide distribution of leptin receptors in peripheral tissues supports that leptin exerts pleiotropic biological effects, consisting of the modulation of numerous processes including thermogenesis, reproduction, angiogenesis, hematopoiesis, osteogenesis, neuroendocrine, and immune functions as well as arterial pressure control. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical synthesized from L-arginine by the action of the NO synthase (NOS) enzyme. Three NOS isoforms have been identified: the neuronal NOS (nNOS) and endothelial NOS (eNOS) constitutive isoforms, and the inducible NOS (iNOS). NO mediates multiple biological effects in a variety of physiological systems such as energy balance, blood pressure, reproduction, immune response, or reproduction. Leptin and NO on their own participate in multiple common physiological processes, with a functional relationship between both factors having been identified. The present review describes the functional relationship between leptin and NO in different physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Victoria Catalán
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Ramírez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Xabier Unamuno
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Piero Portincasa
- Clinica Medica "A. Murri", Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Medical School, Policlinico Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.
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Abstract
Studies have linked obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and dementia. Their relationship to the incidence and progression of these disease states suggests an interconnected pathogenesis involving chronic low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress. Metabolic syndrome represents comorbidities of central obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension and hyperglycemia associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, NAFLD, atherosclerotic CVD and neurodegenerative disease. As the socioeconomic burden for these diseases has grown signficantly with an increasing elderly population, new and alternative pharmacologic solutions for these cardiometabolic diseases are required. Adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and liver are central endocrine organs that regulate inflammation, energy and metabolic homeostasis, and the neuroendocrine axis through synthesis and secretion of adipokines, myokines, and hepatokines, respectively. These organokines affect each other and communicate through various endocrine, paracrine and autocrine pathways. The ultimate goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of organ crosstalk. This will include the roles of novel organokines in normal physiologic regulation and their pathophysiological effect in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, CVD, NAFLD and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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50
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Motta VF, Bargut TL, Souza-Mello V, Aguila MB, Mandarim-de-Lacerda CA. Browning is activated in the subcutaneous white adipose tissue of mice metabolically challenged with a high-fructose diet submitted to high-intensity interval training. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:164-173. [PMID: 31207355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Fructose may induce an endocrine dysfunction in adipose tissue in rodents. Browning is identified by deposits of beige adipocytes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT). We study the effects of the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the formation of beige adipocytes in the sWAT of mice fed a high-fructose diet. Sixty male mice (3 months old; C57BL/6) were fed two diets for 18 weeks (n=30 each): control diet (C) or high-fructose diet (F). At the 10th week, for an additional 8-week period, the groups were (n=15 each) nontrained (NT) or trained (HIIT): C-NT, C-HIIT, F-NT and F-HIIT. We evaluated body mass, energy expenditure and molecular analyses for browning and thermogenic markers in sWAT. The HIIT groups showed significantly lower body mass and increased energy expenditure. The consumption of fructose was linked with an increased sWAT mass. However, HIIT caused a reduction of sWAT mass compared to the NT groups. Energy intake was parallel in the groups, regardless of the diet type and HIIT. Fructose was related to higher glucose and insulin levels and hypertrophied sWAT adipocytes, but HIIT decreased both glucose and insulin levels and led to the appearance of brown fat-like adipocytes dispersed in sWAT with higher expression of browning markers. Also, fructose reduced the sWAT markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and beta-oxidation, which were enhanced by HIIT. In conclusion, HIIT might stimulate the sWAT browning in mice fed a high-fructose diet associated with beneficial changes in mitochondrial biogenesis and beta-oxidation markers, contributing to a whole-body metabolic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor F Motta
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Thereza L Bargut
- Basic Sciences Department, Nova Friburgo Health Institute, Fluminense Federal University, Nova Friburgo, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Souza-Mello
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Marcia B Aguila
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Carlos A Mandarim-de-Lacerda
- Laboratory of Morphometry, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, Biomedical Center, Institute of Biology, The University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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