1
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Rivara AC, Russell EM, Carlson JC, Pomer A, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Manna SL, Viali S, Minster RL, Weeks DE, DeLany JP, Kershaw EE, McGarvey ST, Hawley NL. Associations between fasting glucose rate-of-change and the missense variant, rs373863828, in an adult Samoan cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302643. [PMID: 38829901 PMCID: PMC11146712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The A allele of rs373863828 in CREB3 regulatory factor is associated with high Body Mass Index, but lower odds of type 2 diabetes. These associations have been replicated elsewhere, but to date all studies have been cross-sectional. Our aims were (1) to describe the development of type 2 diabetes and change in fasting glucose between 2010 and 2018 among a longitudinal cohort of adult Samoans without type 2 diabetes or who were not using diabetes medications at baseline, and (2) to examine associations between fasting glucose rate-of-change (mmol/L per year) and the A allele of rs373863828. METHODS We describe and test differences in fasting glucose, the development of type 2 diabetes, body mass index, age, smoking status, physical activity, urbanicity of residence, and household asset scores between 2010 and 2018 among a cohort of n = 401 adult Samoans, selected to have a ~2:2:1 ratio of GG:AG: AA rs373863828 genotypes. Multivariate linear regression was used to test whether fasting glucose rate-of-change was associated with rs373863828 genotype, and other baseline variables. RESULTS By 2018, fasting glucose and BMI significantly increased among all genotype groups, and a substantial portion of the sample developed type 2 diabetes mellitus. The A allele was associated with a lower fasting glucose rate-of-change (β = -0.05 mmol/L/year per allele, p = 0.058 among women; β = -0.004 mmol/L/year per allele, p = 0.863 among men), after accounting for baseline variables. Mean fasting glucose and mean BMI increased over an eight-year period and a substantial number of individuals developed type 2 diabetes by 2018. However, fasting glucose rate-of-change, and type 2 diabetes development was lower among females with AG and AA genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to understand the effect of the A allele on fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes development. Based on our observations that other risk factors increased over time, we advocate for the continued promotion for diabetes prevention and treatment programming, and the reduction of modifiable risk factors, in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Emily M. Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Center of Surgery and Public Health, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Take Naseri
- Family Health Clinic, Apia, Samoa
- Naseri & Associates Health Consultancy Firm, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Samantha L. Manna
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Satupaitea Viali
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Oceania University of Medicine, Apia, Samoa
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - James P. DeLany
- Advent Health Orlando, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- Department of Epidemiology, International Health Institute, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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2
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Amitrano F, Krishnan M, Murphy R, Okesene-Gafa KAM, Ji M, Thompson JMD, Taylor RS, Merriman TR, Rush E, McCowan M, McCowan LME, McKinlay CJD. The impact of CREBRF rs373863828 Pacific-variant on infant body composition. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8825. [PMID: 38627436 PMCID: PMC11021527 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In Māori and Pacific adults, the CREBRF rs373863828 minor (A) allele is associated with increased body mass index (BMI) but reduced incidence of type-2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. In this prospective cohort study of Māori and Pacific infants, nested within a nutritional intervention trial for pregnant women with obesity and without pregestational diabetes, we investigated whether the rs373863828 A allele is associated with differences in growth and body composition from birth to 12-18 months' corrected age. Infants with and without the variant allele were compared using generalised linear models adjusted for potential confounding by gestation length, sex, ethnicity and parity, and in a secondary analysis, additionally adjusted for gestational diabetes. Carriage of the rs373863828 A allele was not associated with altered growth and body composition from birth to 6 months. At 12-18 months, infants with the rs373863828 A allele had lower whole-body fat mass [FM 1.4 (0.7) vs. 1.7 (0.7) kg, aMD -0.4, 95% CI -0.7, 0.0, P = 0.05; FM index 2.2 (1.1) vs. 2.6 (1.0) kg/m2 aMD -0.6, 95% CI -1.2,0.0, P = 0.04]. However, this association was not significant after adjustment for gestational diabetes, suggesting that it may be mediated, at least in part, by the beneficial effect of CREBRF rs373863828 A allele on maternal glycemic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora, Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Karaponi A M Okesene-Gafa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora, Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rennae S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Elaine Rush
- Faculty of Health and Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Megan McCowan
- Te Whatu Ora, Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lesley M E McCowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Te Whatu Ora, Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J D McKinlay
- Te Whatu Ora, Counties Manukau, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Department of Paediatrics: Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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3
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Pahl MC, Grant SFA, Leibel RL, Stratigopoulos G. Technologies, strategies, and cautions when deconvoluting genome-wide association signals: FTO in focus. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13558. [PMID: 36882962 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed a plethora of genetic variants that correlate with polygenic conditions. However, causal molecular mechanisms have proven challenging to fully define. Without such information, the associations are not physiologically useful or clinically actionable. By reviewing studies of the FTO locus in the genetic etiology of obesity, we wish to highlight advances in the field fueled by the evolution of technical and analytic strategies in assessing the molecular bases for genetic associations. Particular attention is drawn to extrapolating experimental findings from animal models and cell types to humans, as well as technical aspects used to identify long-range DNA interactions and their biological relevance with regard to the associated trait. A unifying model is proposed by which independent obesogenic pathways regulated by multiple FTO variants and genes are integrated at the primary cilium, a cellular antenna where signaling molecules that control energy balance convene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Stratigopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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4
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Zhang JZ, Heinsberg LW, Krishnan M, Hawley NL, Major TJ, Carlson JC, Hindmarsh JH, Watson H, Qasim M, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Murphy R, Sun G, Cheng H, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Kershaw EE, Deka R, McGarvey ST, Minster RL, Merriman TR, Weeks DE. Multivariate analysis of a missense variant in CREBRF reveals associations with measures of adiposity in people of Polynesian ancestries. Genet Epidemiol 2023; 47:105-118. [PMID: 36352773 PMCID: PMC9892232 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.22508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The minor allele of rs373863828, a missense variant in CREB3 Regulatory Factor, is associated with several cardiometabolic phenotypes in Polynesian peoples. To better understand the variant, we tested the association of rs373863828 with a panel of correlated phenotypes (body mass index [BMI], weight, height, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and total cholesterol) using multivariate Bayesian association and network analyses in a Samoa cohort (n = 1632), Aotearoa New Zealand cohort (n = 1419), and combined cohort (n = 2976). An expanded set of phenotypes (adding estimated fat and fat-free mass, abdominal circumference, hip circumference, and abdominal-hip ratio) was tested in the Samoa cohort (n = 1496). In the Samoa cohort, we observed significant associations (log10 Bayes Factor [BF] ≥ 5.0) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (8.81), weight (8.30), and BMI (6.42). In the Aotearoa New Zealand cohort, we observed suggestive associations (1.5 < log10 BF < 5) between rs373863828 and the overall phenotype panel (4.60), weight (3.27), and BMI (1.80). In the combined cohort, we observed concordant signals with larger log10 BFs. In the Samoa-specific expanded phenotype analyses, we also observed significant associations between rs373863828 and fat mass (5.65), abdominal circumference (5.34), and hip circumference (5.09). Bayesian networks provided evidence for a direct association of rs373863828 with weight and indirect associations with height and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry Z. Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Lacey W. Heinsberg
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Tanya J. Major
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Huti Watson
- Ngāti Porou Hauora Charitable Trust, Te Puia Springs, Tairāwhiti, New Zealand
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Ngāti Porou Hauora Charitable Trust, Te Puia Springs, Tairāwhiti, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K. Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Guangyun Sun
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Tony R. Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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5
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Hawley NL, Duckham RL, Carlson JC, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Lameko V, Pomer A, Wetzel A, Selu M, Lupematisila V, Unasa F, Vesi L, Fatu T, Unasa S, Faasalele-Savusa K, Rivara AC, Russell E, Delany JP, Viali S, Kershaw EE, Minster RL, Weeks DE, McGarvey ST. The protective effect of rs373863828 on type 2 diabetes does not operate through a body composition pathway in adult Samoans. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:2468-2476. [PMID: 36284436 PMCID: PMC10111239 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to understand whether the paradoxical association of missense variant rs373863828 in CREB3 regulatory factor (CREBRF) with higher BMI but lower odds of diabetes is explained by either metabolically favorable body fat distribution or greater fat-free mass. METHODS This study explored the association of the minor allele with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition in n = 421 Samoans and used path analysis to examine the mediating role of fat and fat-free mass on the relationship between rs373863828 and fasting glucose. RESULTS Among females, the rs373863828 minor A allele was associated with greater BMI. There was no association of genotype with percent body fat, visceral adiposity, or fat distribution in either sex. In both females and males, lean mass was greater with each A allele: 2.16 kg/copy (p = 0.0001) and 1.73 kg/copy (p = 0.02), respectively. Path analysis showed a direct negative effect of rs373863828 genotype on fasting glucose (p = 0.004) consistent with previous findings, but also an indirect positive effect on fasting glucose operating through fat-free mass (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of rs373863828 in CREBRF, common among Pacific Islanders, on type 2 diabetes does not operate through body composition. Rather, the variant's effects on body size/composition and fasting glucose likely operate via different, tissue-specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel L. Duckham
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abigail Wetzel
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Melania Selu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Folla Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Lupesina Vesi
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Tracy Fatu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Seipepa Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Anna C. Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - James P. Delany
- AdventHealth, Translational Research Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
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6
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Li Y, Wang H, Chen H, Liao Y, Gou S, Yan Q, Zhuang Z, Li H, Wang J, Suo Y, Lan T, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Zou Q, Nie T, Hui X, Lai L, Wu D, Fan N. Generation of a genetically modified pig model with CREBRF R457Q variant. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22611. [PMID: 36250915 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is among the strongest risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The CREBRF missense allele rs373863828 (p. Arg457Gln, p. R457Q) is associated with increased body mass index but reduced risk of T2D in people of Pacific ancestry. To investigate the functional consequences of the CREBRF variant, we introduced the corresponding human mutation R457Q into the porcine genome. The CREBRFR457Q pigs displayed dramatically increased fat deposition, which was mainly distributed in subcutaneous adipose tissue other than visceral adipose tissue. The CREBRFR457Q variant promoted preadipocyte differentiation. The increased differentiation capacity of precursor adipocytes conferred pigs the unique histological phenotype that adipocytes had a smaller size but a greater number in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of CREBRFR457Q variant pigs. In addition, in SAT of CREBRFR457Q pigs, the contents of the peroxidative metabolites 4-hydroxy-nonenal and malondialdehyde were significantly decreased, while the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase, was increased, which was in accordance with the declined level of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in CREBRFR457Q pigs. Together, these data supported a causal role of the CREBRFR457Q variant in the pathogenesis of obesity, partly via adipocyte hyperplasia, and further suggested that reduced oxidative stress in adipose tissue may mediate the relative metabolic protection afforded by this variant despite the related obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Huangyao Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, China
| | - Shixue Gou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Quanmei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenpeng Zhuang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaowei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Suo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Lan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingjian Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Tao Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Liangxue Lai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, China
| | - Donghai Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nana Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, GIBH-HKU Guangdong-Hong Kong Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Sanya Institute of Swine Resource, Hainan Provincial Research Centre of Laboratory Animals, Sanya, China.,Research Unit of Generation of Large Animal Disease Models, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU015), Guangzhou, China.,Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
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7
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Fu H, Hawley NL, Carlson JC, Russell EM, Pomer A, Cheng H, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Deka R, Choy CC, McGarvey ST, Minster RL, Weeks DE. The missense variant, rs373863828, in CREBRF plays a role in longitudinal changes in body mass index in Samoans. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:220-227. [PMID: 35606300 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A missense variant, rs373863828, in CREBRF is associated with obesity in Polynesians. We investigate whether rs373863828 and other factors are associated with body mass index (BMI) rate-of-change between 2010 and 2017-19 in Samoans. METHODS We used sex-stratified models to test whether BMI rate-of-change was associated with rs373863828, baseline BMI, age, residence, physical activity, and household asset score in a cohort study of 480 Samoan adults measured in both 2010 (mean age 43.8 years) and 2017-19. RESULTS Mean BMI increased from 32.1 to 33.5 kg/m2 in males (n = 220, p = 1.3 ×10-8) and from 35.9 to 37.8 kg/m2 in females (n = 260, p = 1.2 ×10-13). In females, the A allele was associated with a higher rate-of-change (0.150 kg/m2/year/allele, p = 1.7 ×10-4). Across 10-year age groups, mean BMI rate-of-change was lower in older participants. The BMI rate of change differed by genotype: it was, in females with AA genotype, approximately half that seen in GG and AG participants. In females lower baseline household asset scores were associated with a higher rate-of-change (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS In Samoans, the minor A allele of rs373863828 is associated with an increased rate-of-change in BMI in females. On average, BMI of females with the AA genotype increased 0.30 kg/m2/year more than of those with the GG genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyi Fu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology (Chronic Disease), School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Emily M Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Environmental & Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Take Naseri
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental & Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Courtney C Choy
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Epidemiology (Chronic Disease), School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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8
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Lee K, Vakili S, Burden HJ, Adams S, Smith GC, Kulatea B, Wright-McNaughton M, Sword D, Watene-O'Sullivan C, Atiola RD, Paul RG, Plank LD, Kallingappa P, King F, Wilcox P, Merriman TR, Krebs JD, Hall RM, Murphy R, Merry TL, Shepherd PR. The minor allele of the CREBRF rs373863828 p.R457Q coding variant is associated with reduced levels of myostatin in males: Implications for body composition. Mol Metab 2022; 59:101464. [PMID: 35218947 PMCID: PMC8927835 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The minor allele (A) of the rs373863828 variant (p.Arg457Gln) in CREBRF is restricted to indigenous peoples of the Pacific islands (including New Zealand Māori and peoples of Polynesia), with a frequency of up to 25% in these populations. This allele associates with a large increase in body mass index (BMI) but with significantly lower risk of type-2 diabetes (T2D). It remains unclear whether the increased BMI is driven by increased adiposity or by increased lean mass. Methods We undertook body composition analysis using DXA in 189 young men of Māori and Pacific descent living in Aotearoa New Zealand. Further investigation was carried out in two orthologous Arg458Gln knockin mouse models on FVB/NJ and C57BL/6j backgrounds. Results The rs373863828 A allele was associated with lower fat mass when adjusted for BMI (p < 0.05) and was associated with significantly lower circulating levels of the muscle inhibitory hormone myostatin (p < 0.05). Supporting the human data, significant reductions in adipose tissue mass were observed in the knockin mice. This was more significant in older mice in both backgrounds and appeared to be the result of reduced age-associated increases in fat mass. The older male knockin mice on C57BL/6j background also had increased grip strength (p < 0.01) and lower levels of myostatin (p < 0.05). Conclusion Overall, these results prove that the rs373863828 A-allele is associated with a reduction of myostatin levels which likely contribute to an age-dependent lowering of fat mass, at least in males. The CREBRF p.457Gln variant associates with decreased fat mass in males. Consistent with this CREBRF p.457Gln associates with decreased myostatin levels. These effects are more obvious with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lee
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Sanaz Vakili
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hannah J Burden
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shannon Adams
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Greg C Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Kensington, Australia
| | - Braydon Kulatea
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Danielle Sword
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Robert D Atiola
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ryan G Paul
- Waikato Medical Research Centre, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Prasanna Kallingappa
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Frances King
- Ngati Porou Hauora, Te Puia Springs, New Zealand
| | - Phillip Wilcox
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, New Zealand; Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, United States
| | - Jeremy D Krebs
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary M Hall
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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9
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Russell EM, Carlson JC, Krishnan M, Hawley NL, Sun G, Cheng H, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Viali S, Tuitele J, Major TJ, Miljkovic I, Merriman TR, Deka R, Weeks DE, McGarvey ST, Minster RL. CREBRF missense variant rs373863828 has both direct and indirect effects on type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose in Polynesian peoples living in Samoa and Aotearoa New Zealand. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2022; 10:10/1/e002275. [PMID: 35144939 PMCID: PMC8845200 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The minor allele of a missense variant, rs373863828, in CREBRF is associated with higher body mass index (BMI), lower fasting glucose, and lower odds of type 2 diabetes. rs373863828 is common in Pacific Island populations (minor allele frequency (MAF) 0.096-0.259) but rare in non-Pacific Island populations (MAF <0.001). We examined the cross-sectional associations between BMI and rs373863828 in type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose with a large sample of adults of Polynesian ancestries from Samoa, American Samoa, and Aotearoa New Zealand, and estimated the direct and indirect (via BMI) effects of rs373863828 on type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We regressed type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose on BMI and rs373863828 stratified by obesity, regressed type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose on BMI stratified by rs373863828 genotype, and assessed the effects of rs373863828 on type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose with path analysis. The regression analyses were completed separately in four samples that were recruited during different time periods between 1990 and 2010 and then the results were meta-analyzed. All samples were pooled for the path analysis. RESULTS Association of BMI with type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose may be greater in those without obesity (OR=7.77, p=0.015 and β=0.213, p=9.53×10-5, respectively) than in those with obesity (OR=5.01, p=1.12×10-9 and β=0.162, p=5.63×10-6, respectively). We did not observe evidence of differences in the association of BMI with type 2 diabetes or fasting glucose by genotype. In the path analysis, the minor allele has direct negative (lower odds of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose) and indirect positive (higher odds of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose) effects on type 2 diabetes risk and fasting glucose, with the indirect effects mediated through a direct positive effect of rs373863828 on BMI. CONCLUSIONS There may be a stronger effect of BMI on fasting glucose in Polynesian individuals without obesity than in those with obesity. Carrying the rs373863828 minor allele does not decouple higher BMI from higher odds of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Russell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guangyun Sun
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | | | | | - John Tuitele
- Department of Public Health, Lyndon B Johnson Tropical Medical Center, Faga'alu, American Samoa
| | - Tanya J Major
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute and Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Limited Metabolic Effect of the CREBRF R457Q Obesity Variant in Mice. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030497. [PMID: 35159305 PMCID: PMC8833978 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arg457Gln missense variant in the CREBRF gene has previously been identified as driving excess body weight in Pacific/Oceanic populations. Intriguingly, Arg457Gln variant carriers also demonstrate paradoxical reductions in diabetes risk, indicating that the gene has a critical role in whole-body metabolism. To study the function of this variant in more detail, we generated mice on an FVB/N background with the Crebrf Arg458Gln variant knocked in to replace the endogenous Crebrf. The whole-body metabolic phenotype was characterized for male and female mice on a regular chow diet or an 8-week high-fat challenge. Regular assessment of body composition found that the Crebrf variant had no influence on total body weight or fat mass at any time point. Glucose tolerance tests demonstrated no obvious genotype effect on glucose homeostasis, with indirect calorimetry measures of whole-body energy expenditure likewise unaffected. Male chow-fed variant carriers displayed a trend towards increased lean mass and significantly reduced sensitivity to insulin administration. Overall, this novel mouse model showed only limited phenotypic effects associated with the Crebrf missense variant. The inability to recapitulate results of human association studies may invite reconsideration of the precise mechanistic link between CREBRF function and the risks of obesity and diabetes in variant allele carriers.
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11
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Burden HJ, Adams S, Kulatea B, Wright-McNaughton M, Sword D, Ormsbee JJ, Watene-O'Sullivan C, Merriman TR, Knopp JL, Chase JG, Krebs JD, Hall RM, Plank LD, Murphy R, Shepherd PR, Merry TL. The CREBRF diabetes-protective rs373863828-A allele is associated with enhanced early insulin release in men of Māori and Pacific ancestry. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2779-2789. [PMID: 34417843 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The minor A allele of rs373863828 (CREBRF p.Arg457Gln) is associated with increased BMI, but reduced risk of type 2 and gestational diabetes in Polynesian (Pacific peoples and Aotearoa New Zealand Māori) populations. This study investigates the effect of the A allele on insulin release and sensitivity in overweight/obese men without diabetes. METHODS A mixed meal tolerance test was completed by 172 men (56 with the A allele) of Māori or Pacific ancestry, and 44 (24 with the A allele) had a frequently sampled IVGTT and hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Mixed linear models with covariates age, ancestry and BMI were used to analyse the association between the A allele of rs373863828 and markers of insulin release and blood glucose regulation. RESULTS The A allele of rs373863828 is associated with a greater increase in plasma insulin 30 min following a meal challenge without affecting the elevation in plasma glucose or incretins glucagon-like polypeptide-1 or gastric inhibitory polypeptide. Consistent with this point, following an i.v. infusion of a glucose bolus, participants with an A allele had higher early (p < 0.05 at 2 and 4 min) plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations for a similar elevation in blood glucose as those homozygous for the major (G) allele. Despite increased plasma insulin, rs373863828 genotype was not associated with a significant difference (p > 0.05) in insulin sensitivity index or glucose disposal during hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION rs373863828-A allele associates with increased glucose-stimulated insulin release without affecting insulin sensitivity, suggesting that CREBRF p.Arg457Gln may increase insulin release to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah J Burden
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Shannon Adams
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Braydon Kulatea
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Danielle Sword
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jennifer J Ormsbee
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Bioengineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Conor Watene-O'Sullivan
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Moko Foundation, Kaitaia, New Zealand
- Waharoa Ki Te Toi Research Centre, Kaitaia, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer L Knopp
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Bioengineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J Geoffrey Chase
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Bioengineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy D Krebs
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Rosemary M Hall
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lindsay D Plank
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Discipline of Nutrition, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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12
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Kanshana JS, Mattila PE, Ewing MC, Wood AN, Schoiswohl G, Meyer AC, Kowalski A, Rosenthal SL, Gingras S, Kaufman BA, Lu R, Weeks DE, McGarvey ST, Minster RL, Hawley NL, Kershaw EE. A murine model of the human CREBRFR457Q obesity-risk variant does not influence energy or glucose homeostasis in response to nutritional stress. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251895. [PMID: 34520472 PMCID: PMC8439463 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes have strong heritable components, yet the genetic contributions to these diseases remain largely unexplained. In humans, a missense variant in Creb3 regulatory factor (CREBRF) [rs373863828 (p.Arg457Gln); CREBRFR457Q] is strongly associated with increased odds of obesity but decreased odds of diabetes. Although virtually nothing is known about CREBRF's mechanism of action, emerging evidence implicates it in the adaptive transcriptional response to nutritional stress downstream of TORC1. The objectives of this study were to generate a murine model with knockin of the orthologous variant in mice (CREBRFR458Q) and to test the hypothesis that this CREBRF variant promotes obesity and protects against diabetes by regulating energy and glucose homeostasis downstream of TORC1. To test this hypothesis, we performed extensive phenotypic analysis of CREBRFR458Q knockin mice at baseline and in response to acute (fasting/refeeding), chronic (low- and high-fat diet feeding), and extreme (prolonged fasting) nutritional stress as well as with pharmacological TORC1 inhibition, and aging to 52 weeks. The results demonstrate that the murine CREBRFR458Q model of the human CREBRFR457Q variant does not influence energy/glucose homeostasis in response to these interventions, with the exception of possible greater loss of fat relative to lean mass with age. Alternative preclinical models and/or studies in humans will be required to decipher the mechanisms linking this variant to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra S. Kanshana
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Polly E. Mattila
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Michael C. Ewing
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ashlee N. Wood
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna C. Meyer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Aneta Kowalski
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Samantha L. Rosenthal
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Sebastien Gingras
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Brett A. Kaufman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Ray Lu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel E. Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen T. McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Ryan L. Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Erin E. Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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13
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Lin M, Caberto C, Wan P, Li Y, Lum-Jones A, Tiirikainen M, Pooler L, Nakamura B, Sheng X, Porcel J, Lim U, Setiawan VW, Le Marchand L, Wilkens LR, Haiman CA, Cheng I, Chiang CWK. Population-specific reference panels are crucial for genetic analyses: an example of the CREBRF locus in Native Hawaiians. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:2275-2284. [PMID: 32491157 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Statistical imputation applied to genome-wide array data is the most cost-effective approach to complete the catalog of genetic variation in a study population. However, imputed genotypes in underrepresented populations incur greater inaccuracies due to ascertainment bias and a lack of representation among reference individuals, further contributing to the obstacles to study these populations. Here we examined the consequences due to the lack of representation by genotyping in a large number of self-reported Native Hawaiians (N = 3693) a functionally important, Polynesian-specific variant in the CREBRF gene, rs373863828. We found the derived allele was significantly associated with several adiposity traits with large effects (e.g. ~ 1.28 kg/m2 per allele in body mass index as the most significant; P = 7.5 × 10-5), consistent with the original findings in Samoans. Due to the current absence of Polynesian representation in publicly accessible reference sequences, rs373863828 or its proxies could not be tested through imputation using these existing resources. Moreover, the association signals at the entire CREBRF locus could not be captured by alternative approaches, such as admixture mapping. In contrast, highly accurate imputation can be achieved even if a small number (<200) of internally constructed Polynesian reference individuals were available; this would increase sample size and improve the statistical evidence of associations. Taken together, our results suggest the alarming possibility that lack of representation in reference panels could inhibit discovery of functionally important loci such as CREBRF. Yet, they could be easily detected and prioritized with improved representation of diverse populations in sequencing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Lin
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Christian Caberto
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Peggy Wan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
| | - Annette Lum-Jones
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Maarit Tiirikainen
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Loreall Pooler
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brooke Nakamura
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xin Sheng
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jacqueline Porcel
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Loïc Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Lynne R Wilkens
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawai'i Cancer Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Christopher A Haiman
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94518, USA
| | - Charleston W K Chiang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,Quantitative Computational Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Silventoinen K, Konttinen H. Obesity and eating behavior from the perspective of twin and genetic research. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 109:150-165. [PMID: 31959301 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has dramatically increased during the last decades and is currently one of the most serious global health problems. We present a hypothesis that obesity is a neuro-behavioral disease having a strong genetic background mediated largely by eating behavior and is sensitive to the macro-environment; we study this hypothesis from the perspective of genetic research. Genetic family and genome-wide-association studies have shown well that body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) is a highly heritable and polygenic trait. New genetic variation of BMI emerges after early childhood. Candidate genes of BMI notably express in brain tissue, supporting that this new variation is related to behavior. Obesogenic environments at both childhood family and societal levels reinforce the genetic susceptibility to obesity. Genetic factors have a clear influence on macro-nutrient intake and appetite-related eating behavior traits. Results on the gene-by-diet interactions in obesity are mixed, but emerging evidence suggests that eating behavior traits partly mediate the effect of genes on BMI. However, more rigorous prospective study designs controlling for measurement bias are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanna Konttinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Arslanian KJ, Fidow UT, Atanoa T, Unasa-Apelu F, Naseri T, Wetzel AI, Pomer A, Duckham RL, McGarvey ST, Strayer JA, Kershaw EE, Weeks DE, Hawley NL. A missense variant in CREBRF, rs373863828, is associated with fat-free mass, not fat mass in Samoan infants. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:45-55. [PMID: 32884101 PMCID: PMC8329753 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In Samoa, where 80% of the adult population is living with obesity, understanding the determinants of adiposity and growth during infancy may inform prevention efforts. We examined the association of a missense variant, rs373863828, in the CREBRF gene with body composition in Samoan infants. Adults with one or more copies of the rs373863828 minor allele (A) have higher odds of obesity, based on body-mass index (BMI), but paradoxically decreased odds of diabetes compared to those without the allele. Our study may offer novel insight into the natural history and pathogenesis of this unexpected relationship. SUBJECTS/METHODS In a prospective study, we measured body composition in early infancy, and at 2- and 4-months of age using anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We genotyped subjects at the CREBRF rs373863828 locus and compared infants with (AA/AG) and without (GG) the variant. In longitudinal analyses, we calculated the absolute change in each outcome from the early infant to the 4-month assessment, adjusting for baseline and other covariates. RESULTS In cross-sectional analyses, there was no significant difference in infant BMI or fat mass by genotype. After adjusting for covariates, infants with the variant had 4.0 ± 1.8 g more bone mass (p = 0.026) and 210.9 ± 79.6 g more lean mass (p = 0.009) at 4-months and accumulated 176.9 ± 73.0 g more lean mass between the early infant and 4-month assessment (p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The CREBRF rs373863828 minor allele (A) was not associated with increased BMI or adiposity in Samoan infants, but instead with increased lean and bone mass. Our findings suggest that lean (i.e., muscle) and bone mass accretion should be explored as pathways to explain the "protective" effect of the CREBRF variant against diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Arslanian
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - U T Fidow
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tupua Tamasese Meaole Hospital, Samoa National Health Services, Apia, Samoa
| | - T Atanoa
- Community Studies Program, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - F Unasa-Apelu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - T Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | - A I Wetzel
- International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - A Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - R L Duckham
- Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences (AIMSS), The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St. Albans, Australia
| | - S T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J A Strayer
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - D E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - N L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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16
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Krishnan M, Murphy R, Okesene-Gafa KAM, Ji M, Thompson JMD, Taylor RS, Merriman TR, McCowan LME, McKinlay CJD. The Pacific-specific CREBRF rs373863828 allele protects against gestational diabetes mellitus in Māori and Pacific women with obesity. Diabetologia 2020; 63:2169-2176. [PMID: 32654027 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05202-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The CREBRF rs373863828 minor (A) allele is associated with increased BMI but reduced prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Māori and Pacific people. Given the shared aetiology of type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we tested for an association between the CREBRF rs373863828 variant and GDM. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of Māori and Pacific women nested within a nutritional intervention study for pregnant women with obesity. Women were enrolled at 12-17 weeks' gestation and underwent anthropometry and collection of buffy coats for later genetic testing. GDM was diagnosed by 75 g OGTT at 24-28 weeks' gestation using the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria. Genotyping was performed by real-time PCR with a custom CREBRF rs373863828 probe-set. The association between CREBRF rs373863828 and GDM was analysed separately by ethnic group using logistic regression, with effect estimates combined in a meta-analysis. RESULTS Of 112 Māori and Pacific pregnant women with obesity, 31 (28%) carried the CREBRF rs373863828 A allele (A/G or A/A) and 35 (31%) developed GDM. Women who carried the CREBRF rs373863828 A allele did not differ in BMI when compared with non-carriers (G/G). There was a fivefold reduction in the likelihood of GDM per CREBRF rs373863828 A allele (OR 0.19 [95% CI 0.05, 0.69], p = 0.01), independent of age, BMI and family history of diabetes (adjusted OR 0.13 [95% CI 0.03, 0.53], p = 0.004). GDM was diagnosed in 10% and 40% of women with and without the CREBRF rs373863828 A allele, respectively (no woman with the A/A genotype developed GDM). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The CREBRF rs373863828 (A) allele is associated with reduced likelihood of GDM in Māori and Pacific women with obesity and may improve GDM risk prediction. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
- Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Karaponi A M Okesene-Gafa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Maria Ji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rennae S Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lesley M E McCowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Christopher J D McKinlay
- Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
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Frayon S, Wattelez G, Paufique E, Nedjar-Guerre A, Serra-Mallol C, Galy O. Overweight in the pluri-ethnic adolescent population of New Caledonia: Dietary patterns, sleep duration and screen time. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2020; 2:100025. [PMID: 34327376 PMCID: PMC8315340 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of overweight and obesity has been found in adolescents of New Caledonia and other Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Although Westernization may contribute to the weight gain in populations of Oceanian, Non-European, Non-Asian ancestry (ONENA), little is known about the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with overweight in the Melanesian and Polynesian adolescents of New Caledonia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a pluri-ethnic sample of New Caledonian adolescents (N = 954; age M = 13.2 years) completed a survey to estimate sleep duration, screen time, and dietary pattern using a food frequency questionnaire. Demographic data (gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status: SES, area of residence) were collected, and anthropometric measures were used to compute weight status. FINDINGS We found a higher risk for being overweight in Melanesian (OR = 1.67) and Polynesian (OR = 5.40) adolescents compared with European adolescents, even after controlling for age, SES, area of residence, dietary pattern, sleep duration and screen time. We also found that low SES (OR = 3.43) and sleep duration (OR = 0.65 per hour) were independently associated with overweight status in the European but not in ONENA adolescents. INTERPRETATION In this study, the main contribution to being overweight was ethnic background, i.e. being Melanesian or Polynesian. The hypothesis of a genetic influence thus seems attractive and merits further analyses. FUNDING This project was funded by the University of New Caledonia and the Fondation Nestlé France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Frayon
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Guillaume Wattelez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Emilie Paufique
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Akila Nedjar-Guerre
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Christophe Serra-Mallol
- Centre on Work Organizations and Policies (CERTOP), UMR 5044 CNRS, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Olivier Galy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
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Hawley NL, Pomer A, Rivara AC, Rosenthal SL, Duckham RL, Carlson JC, Naseri T, Reupena MS, Selu M, Lupematisila V, Unasa F, Vesi L, Fatu T, Unasa S, Faasalele-Savusa K, Wetzel AI, Soti-Ulberg C, Prescott AT, Siufaga G, Penaia C, To SB, LaMonica LC, Lameko V, Choy CC, Crouter SE, Redline S, Deka R, Kershaw EE, Urban Z, Minster RL, Weeks DE, McGarvey ST. Exploring the Paradoxical Relationship of a Creb 3 Regulatory Factor Missense Variant With Body Mass Index and Diabetes Among Samoans: Protocol for the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) Observational Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2020; 9:e17329. [PMID: 32706746 PMCID: PMC7413272 DOI: 10.2196/17329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Samoa, like many other Pacific Island nations, has reached epidemic proportions. Although the etiology of these conditions can be largely attributed to the rapidly changing economic and nutritional environment, a recently identified genetic variant, rs373863828 (CREB 3 regulatory factor, CREBRF: c.1370G>A p.[R457Q]) is associated with increased odds of obesity, but paradoxically, decreased odds of diabetes. OBJECTIVE The overarching goal of the Soifua Manuia (Good Health) study was to precisely characterize the association of the CREBRF variant with metabolic (body composition and glucose homeostasis) and behavioral traits (dietary intake, physical activity, sleep, and weight control behaviors) that influence energy homeostasis in 500 adults. METHODS A cohort of adult Samoans who participated in a genome-wide association study of adiposity in Samoa in 2010 was followed up, based on the presence or absence of the CREBRF variant, between August 2017 and March 2019. Over a period of 7-10 days, each participant completed the main study protocol, which consisted of anthropometric measurements (weight, height, circumferences, and skinfolds), body composition assessment (bioelectrical impedance and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), point-of-care glycated hemoglobin measurement, a fasting blood draw and oral glucose tolerance test, urine collection, blood pressure measurement, hand grip strength measurement, objective physical activity and sleep apnea monitoring, and questionnaire measures (eg, health interview, cigarette and alcohol use, food frequency questionnaire, socioeconomic position, stress, social support, food and water insecurity, sleep, body image, and dietary preferences). In January 2019, a subsample of the study participants (n=118) completed a buttock fat biopsy procedure to collect subcutaneous adipose tissue samples. RESULTS Enrollment of 519 participants was completed in March 2019. Data analyses are ongoing, with results expected in 2020 and 2021. CONCLUSIONS While the genetic variant rs373863828, in CREBRF, has the largest known effect size of any identified common obesity gene, very little is currently understood about the mechanisms by which it confers increased odds of obesity but paradoxically lowered odds of type 2 diabetes. The results of this study will provide insights into how the gene functions on a whole-body level, which could provide novel targets to prevent or treat obesity, diabetes, and associated metabolic disorders. This study represents the human arm of a comprehensive and integrated approach involving humans as well as preclinical models that will provide novel insights into metabolic disease. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/17329.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alysa Pomer
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Anna C Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Samantha L Rosenthal
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rachel L Duckham
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Sciences, The University of Melbourne and Western Health, St Albans, Australia
| | - Jenna C Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | | | | | - Melania Selu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Folla Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Lupesina Vesi
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Tracy Fatu
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Seipepa Unasa
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Abigail I Wetzel
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | | | - Angela T Prescott
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Gloria Siufaga
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Apia, Samoa
| | - Corina Penaia
- Asian Pacific Islander Forward Movement, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sophie B To
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Lauren C LaMonica
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Courtney C Choy
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
| | - Scott E Crouter
- Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, The University of Tennessee Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Susan Redline
- Departments of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Erin E Kershaw
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zsolt Urban
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
- Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
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Crebl2 regulates cell metabolism in muscle and liver cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19869. [PMID: 31882710 PMCID: PMC6934747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56407-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified Drosophila REPTOR and REPTOR-BP as transcription factors downstream of mTORC1 that play an important role in regulating organismal metabolism. We study here the mammalian ortholog of REPTOR-BP, Crebl2. We find that Crebl2 mediates part of the transcriptional induction caused by mTORC1 inhibition. In C2C12 myoblasts, Crebl2 knockdown leads to elevated glucose uptake, elevated glycolysis as observed by lactate secretion, and elevated triglyceride biosynthesis. In Hepa1-6 hepatoma cells, Crebl2 knockdown also leads to elevated triglyceride levels. In sum, this works identifies Crebl2 as a regulator of cellular metabolism that can link nutrient sensing via mTORC1 to the metabolic response of cells.
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20
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Hanson RL, Safabakhsh S, Curtis JM, Hsueh WC, Jones LI, Aflague TF, Duenas Sarmiento J, Kumar S, Blackburn NB, Curran JE, Mahkee D, Baier LJ, Knowler WC, Nelson RG. Association of CREBRF variants with obesity and diabetes in Pacific Islanders from Guam and Saipan. Diabetologia 2019; 62:1647-1652. [PMID: 31280340 PMCID: PMC6721609 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4932-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Variants in CREBRF (rs12513649 and rs373863828) have been strongly associated with increased BMI and decreased risk of type 2 diabetes in Polynesian populations; the A allele at rs373863828 is common in Polynesians but rare in most other global populations. The aim of the present study was to assess the association of CREBRF variants with obesity and diabetes in Pacific Islander (largely Marianas and Micronesian) populations from Guam and Saipan. METHODS CREBRF rs12513649 and rs373863828 were genotyped in 2022 participants in a community-based cross-sectional study designed to identify determinants of diabetes and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Associations were analysed with adjustment for age, sex, ESRD and the first four genetic principal components from a genome-wide association study (to account for population stratification); a genomic control procedure was used to account for residual stratification. RESULTS The G allele at rs12513649 had an overall frequency of 7.7%, which varied from 2.2% to 20.7% across different Marianas and Micronesian populations; overall frequency of the A allele at rs373863828 was 4.2% (range: 1.1-5.4%). The G allele at rs12513649 was associated with higher BMI (β = 1.55 kg/m2 per copy; p = 0.0026) as was the A allele at rs373863828 (β = 1.48 kg/m2, p = 0.033). The same alleles were associated with lower risk of diabetes (OR per copy: 0.63 [p = 0.0063] and 0.49 [p = 0.0022], respectively). Meta-analyses combining the current results with previous results in Polynesians showed a strong association between the A allele at rs373863828 and BMI (β = 1.38 kg/m2; p = 2.5 × 10-29) and diabetes (OR 0.65, p = 1.5 × 10-13). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results confirm the associations of CREBRF variants with higher BMI and lower risk of diabetes and, importantly, they suggest that these variants contribute to the risk of obesity and diabetes in Oceanic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Hanson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA.
| | - Saied Safabakhsh
- Micronesian Institute for Disease Prevention and Research, Sinajana, Guam
| | - Jeffrey M Curtis
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Wen-Chi Hsueh
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Lois I Jones
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Tanisha F Aflague
- Micronesian Institute for Disease Prevention and Research, Sinajana, Guam
| | | | - Satish Kumar
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas B Blackburn
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | - Darin Mahkee
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Leslie J Baier
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - William C Knowler
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
| | - Robert G Nelson
- Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 1550 E. Indian School Road, Phoenix, AZ, 85014, USA
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21
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Nakayama K, Inaba Y. Genetic variants influencing obesity-related traits in Japanese population. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:298-304. [PMID: 31307227 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1644373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Context: Adipose tissue is the main organ that stores energy and participates in adaptive thermogenesis of the human body. The adipose tissue content in an individual is determined by a combination of genetic factors and lifestyle related factors. While Japanese people, along with the closely related East Asians, are generally thinner than individuals of European ancestry, they are prone to accumulating visceral adipose tissues. Genome-wide discovery of loci influencing obesity-related traits, and application of the genome sequence data to assess natural selection, provides evidence that the obesity-related traits in East Asians might be shaped by natural selection. Objective: This review aims to summarise health and evolutionary implications of genetic variants influencing obesity-related traits in Japanese. Methods: This study gathered recently published papers of medical, genetic and evolutionary studies regarding obesity-related traits in the Japanese and closely related East Asians. Results and conclusion: A high susceptibility to central obesity of Japanese and closely related East Asians might have been shaped by natural selection favouring thrifty genotypes. Moreover, natural selection favouring higher thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissues would contribute to increased non-thrifty alleles in ancestors of East Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakayama
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Chiba , Japan
| | - Yuta Inaba
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo , Chiba , Japan
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22
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Khan HA, Margulies CE. The Role of Mammalian Creb3-Like Transcription Factors in Response to Nutrients. Front Genet 2019; 10:591. [PMID: 31293620 PMCID: PMC6598459 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Our ability to overcome the challenges behind metabolic disorders will require a detailed understanding of the regulation of responses to nutrition. The Creb3 transcription factor family appears to have a unique regulatory role that links cellular secretory capacity with development, nutritional state, infection, and other stresses. This role in regulating individual secretory capacity genes could place this family of transcription factors at an important regulatory intersection mediating an animal’s responses to nutrients and other environmental challenges. Interestingly, in both humans and mice, individuals with mutations in Creb3L3/CrebH, one of the Creb3 family members, exhibit hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) thus linking this transcription factor to lipid metabolism. We are beginning to understand how Creb3L3 and related family members are regulated and to dissect the potential redundancy and cross talk between distinct family members, thereby mediating both healthy and pathological responses to the environment. Here, we review the current knowledge on the regulation of Creb3 family transcription factor activity, their target genes, and their role in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haris A Khan
- Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Carla E Margulies
- Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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Barroso I, McCarthy MI. The Genetic Basis of Metabolic Disease. Cell 2019; 177:146-161. [PMID: 30901536 PMCID: PMC6432945 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in genetics and genomics are providing a detailed and systematic characterization of the genetic underpinnings of common metabolic diseases and traits, highlighting the inherent complexity within systems for homeostatic control and the many ways in which that control can fail. The genetic architecture underlying these common metabolic phenotypes is complex, with each trait influenced by hundreds of loci spanning a range of allele frequencies and effect sizes. Here, we review the growing appreciation of this complexity and how this has fostered the implementation of genome-scale approaches that deliver robust mechanistic inference and unveil new strategies for translational exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK.
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
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24
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Abstract
Obesity prevalence continues to rise worldwide, posing a substantial burden on people's health. However, up to 45% of obese individuals do not suffer from cardiometabolic complications, also called the metabolically healthy obese (MHO). Concurrently, up to 30% of normal-weight individuals demonstrate cardiometabolic risk factors that are generally observed in obese individuals, the metabolically obese normal weight (MONW). Besides lifestyle, environmental factors and demographic factors, innate biological mechanisms are known to contribute to the aetiology of the MHO and MONW phenotypes, as well. Experimental studies in animal models have shown that adipose tissue expandability, fat distribution, adipogenesis, adipose tissue vascularization, inflammation and fibrosis, and mitochondrial function are the main mechanisms that uncouple adiposity from its cardiometabolic comorbidities. We reviewed current genetic association studies to expand insights into the biology of MHO/MONW phenotypes. At least four genetic loci were identified through genome-wide association studies for body fat percentage (BF%) of which the BF%-increasing allele was associated with a protective effect on glycemic and lipid outcomes. For some, this association was mediated through favourable effects on body fat distribution. Other studies that characterized the genetic susceptibility of insulin resistance found that a higher susceptibility was associated with lower overall adiposity due to less fat accumulation at hips and legs, suggesting that an impaired capacity to store fat subcutaneously or a preferential storage in the intra-abdominal cavity may be metabolically harmful. Clearly, more work remains to be done in this field, first through gene discovery and subsequently through functional follow-up of identified genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T O Kilpeläinen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ohashi J, Naka I, Furusawa T, Kimura R, Natsuhara K, Yamauchi T, Nakazawa M, Ishida T, Inaoka T, Matsumura Y, Ohtsuka R. Association study of CREBRF missense variant (rs373863828:G > A; p.Arg457Gln) with levels of serum lipid profile in the Pacific populations. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:215-219. [PMID: 29877158 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1461928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A missense variant (rs373863828:G > A; p.Arg457Gln) of the CREBRF gene is strongly associated with a higher body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) in Polynesian populations. This variant has also been reported to be associated with lower total cholesterol in Samoans. AIM The aim of this study is to examine the association of rs373863828:G > A with levels of serum lipids in four Pacific populations. METHODS A total of 613 adult subjects were recruited from Tonga (Polynesians) and the Solomon Islands (Melanesians and Micronesians). Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age and sex were performed to examine the association of rs373863828 with levels of serum lipids in each population. RESULTS A significant association of rs373863828:G > A with lower level of HDL-cholesterol was detected in the Tonga population (β = -3.32 and p-value = 0.030). The expected change in HDL-cholesterol with respect to a single copy of the rs373863828-A allele was 3.32 mg/dL. However, the association between rs373863828-A and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol was not significant after further adjustment for BMI in the Tonga population (β = -2.32 and p-value = 0.13). CONCLUSIONS The rs373863828-A allele may not directly affect the level of serum HDL-cholesterol independent of BMI. To confirm the present findings, association studies with large sample sizes and functional analyses are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ohashi
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Izumi Naka
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Takuro Furusawa
- b Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies , Kyoto University , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kimura
- c Department of Human Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine , University of the Ryukyus , Nishihara , Japan
| | - Kazumi Natsuhara
- d Faculty of Nursing , The Japanese Red Cross Akita College of Nursing , Akita , Japan
| | - Taro Yamauchi
- e Faculty of Health Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Japan
| | - Minato Nakazawa
- f Graduate School of Health Sciences , Kobe University , Kobe , Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science , The University of Tokyo , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsukasa Inaoka
- g Department of Human Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture , Saga University , Saga , Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Matsumura
- h Faculty of Health and Nutrition , Bunkyo University , Chigasaki , Japan
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26
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Matisoo-Smith E, Gosling AL. Walking backwards into the future: the need for a holistic evolutionary approach in Pacific health research. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:175-187. [PMID: 29877149 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1448889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Pacific region has had a complex human history. It has been subject to multiple major human dispersal and colonisation events, including some of the earliest Out-of-Africa migrations, the so-called Austronesian expansion of people out of Island Southeast Asia, and the more recent arrival of Europeans. Despite models of island isolation, evidence suggests significant levels of interconnectedness that vary in direction and frequency over time. The Pacific Ocean covers a vast area and its islands provide an array of different physical environments with variable pathogen loads and subsistence opportunities. These diverse environments likely caused Pacific peoples to adapt (both genetically and culturally) in unique ways. Differences in genetic background, in combination with adaptation, likely affect their susceptibility to non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVES Here we provide an overview of some of the key issues in the natural and human history of the Pacific region which are likely to impact human health. We argue that understanding the evolutionary and cultural history of Pacific peoples is essential for the generation of testable hypotheses surrounding potential causes of elevated disease susceptibility among Pacific peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna L Gosling
- a Department of Anatomy , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand.,b Department of Biochemistry , University of Otago , Dunedin , New Zealand
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Merriman TR, Wilcox PL. Cardio-metabolic disease genetic risk factors among Māori and Pacific Island people in Aotearoa New Zealand: current state of knowledge and future directions. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:202-214. [PMID: 29877153 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1461929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Cardio-metabolic conditions in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ) Māori and non-indigenous Polynesian (Pacific) populations have been increasing in prevalence and severity, especially over the last two decades. OBJECTIVES To assess knowledge on genetic and non-genetic risk factors for cardio-metabolic disease in the Māori and Pacific populations residing in Aotearoa NZ by a semi-systematic review of the PubMed database. To outline possible future directions in genetic epidemiological research with Māori and Pacific communities. RESULTS There have been few studies to confirm that risk factors in other populations also associate with cardio-metabolic conditions in Māori and Pacific populations. Such data are important when interventions are considered. Genetic studies have been sporadic, with no genome-wide association studies done. CONCLUSIONS Biomedical research with Māori and Pacific communities is important to reduce the prevalence and impact of the cardio-metabolic diseases, as precision medicine is implemented in other Aotearoa NZ populations using overseas findings. Genuine engagement with Māori and Pacific communities is needed to ensure positive outcomes for genetic studies, from data collection through to analysis and dissemination. Important is building trust, understanding by researchers of fundamental cultural concepts and implementing protocols that minimise risks and maximise benefits. Approaches that utilise information such as genealogical information and whole genome sequencing technologies will provide new insights into cardio-metabolic conditions-and new interventions for affected individuals and families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony R Merriman
- a Biochemistry Department , University of Otago , Dunedin , Aotearoa , New Zealand
| | - Phillip L Wilcox
- b Department of Mathematics and Statistics , University of Otago , Dunedin , Aotearoa , New Zealand
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Yurchenko AA, Daetwyler HD, Yudin N, Schnabel RD, Vander Jagt CJ, Soloshenko V, Lhasaranov B, Popov R, Taylor JF, Larkin DM. Scans for signatures of selection in Russian cattle breed genomes reveal new candidate genes for environmental adaptation and acclimation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12984. [PMID: 30154520 PMCID: PMC6113280 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Domestication and selective breeding has resulted in over 1000 extant cattle breeds. Many of these breeds do not excel in important traits but are adapted to local environments. These adaptations are a valuable source of genetic material for efforts to improve commercial breeds. As a step toward this goal we identified candidate regions to be under selection in genomes of nine Russian native cattle breeds adapted to survive in harsh climates. After comparing our data to other breeds of European and Asian origins we found known and novel candidate genes that could potentially be related to domestication, economically important traits and environmental adaptations in cattle. The Russian cattle breed genomes contained regions under putative selection with genes that may be related to adaptations to harsh environments (e.g., AQP5, RAD50, and RETREG1). We found genomic signatures of selective sweeps near key genes related to economically important traits, such as the milk production (e.g., DGAT1, ABCG2), growth (e.g., XKR4), and reproduction (e.g., CSF2). Our data point to candidate genes which should be included in future studies attempting to identify genes to improve the extant breeds and facilitate generation of commercial breeds that fit better into the environments of Russia and other countries with similar climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Yurchenko
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Hans D Daetwyler
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikolay Yudin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Robert D Schnabel
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA
| | - Christy J Vander Jagt
- Agriculture Victoria, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, 3083, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Ruslan Popov
- Yakutian Research Institute of Agriculture, 677001, Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Jeremy F Taylor
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211-5300, USA
| | - Denis M Larkin
- The Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, The Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia.
- Royal Veterinary College, University of London, NW01 0TU, London, UK.
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29
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Krishnan M, Major TJ, Topless RK, Dewes O, Yu L, Thompson JMD, McCowan L, de Zoysa J, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Harré Hindmarsh J, Rapana N, Deka R, Eng WWH, Weeks DE, Minster RL, McGarvey ST, Viali S, Naseri T, Sefuiva Reupena M, Wilcox P, Grattan D, Shepherd PR, Shelling AN, Murphy R, Merriman TR. Discordant association of the CREBRF rs373863828 A allele with increased BMI and protection from type 2 diabetes in Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Diabetologia 2018; 61:1603-1613. [PMID: 29721634 PMCID: PMC6434933 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-018-4623-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The A (minor) allele of CREBRF rs373863828 has been associated with increased BMI and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes in the Samoan populations of Samoa and American Samoa. Our aim was to test rs373863828 for associations with BMI and the odds of type 2 diabetes, gout and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Māori and Pacific (Polynesian) people living in Aotearoa/New Zealand. METHODS Linear and logistic regression models were used to analyse the association of the A allele of CREBRF rs373863828 with BMI, log-transformed BMI, waist circumference, type 2 diabetes, gout and CKD in 2286 adults. The primary analyses were adjusted for age, sex, the first four genome-wide principal components and (where appropriate) BMI, waist circumference and type 2 diabetes. The primary analysis was conducted in ancestrally defined groups and association effects were combined using meta-analysis. RESULTS For the A allele of rs373863828, the effect size was 0.038 (95% CI 0.022, 0.055, p = 4.8 × 10-6) for log-transformed BMI, with OR 0.59 (95% CI 0.47, 0.73, p = 1.9 × 10-6) for type 2 diabetes. There was no evidence for an association of genotype with variance in BMI (p = 0.13), and nor was there evidence for associations with serum urate (β = 0.012 mmol/l, pcorrected = 0.10), gout (OR 1.00, p = 0.98) or CKD (OR 0.91, p = 0.59). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results in New Zealand Polynesian adults replicate, with very similar effect sizes, the association of the A allele of rs373863828 with higher BMI but lower odds of type 2 diabetes among Samoan adults living in Samoa and American Samoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tanya J Major
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ruth K Topless
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Ofa Dewes
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lennex Yu
- Department of Anatomy and Medical Imaging, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John M D Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lesley McCowan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janak de Zoysa
- Renal Services, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jennie Harré Hindmarsh
- Ngāti Porou Hauora Charitable Trust, Te Puia Springs, Tairāwhiti East Coast, New Zealand
| | - Nuku Rapana
- Pukapuka Community of New Zealand Inc., Mangere, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Winston W H Eng
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Stephen T McGarvey
- International Health Institute, Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, and Department of Anthropology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | | | - Take Naseri
- Ministry of Health, Government of Samoa, Apia, Samoa
| | | | - Phillip Wilcox
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Grattan
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, 710 Cumberland Street, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.
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30
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Major TJ, Krishnan M, Topless RK, Dewes O, Thompson J, Zoysa JD, Stamp LK, Dalbeth N, Deka R, Weeks DE, Minster RL, Wilcox P, Grattan D, Shepherd PR, Shelling AN, Murphy R, Merriman TR. Re: "Widespread prevalence of a CREBRF variant among Māori and Pacific children is associated with weight and height in early childhood". Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:1389-1391. [PMID: 29511321 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0025-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya J Major
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Mohanraj Krishnan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ruth K Topless
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ofa Dewes
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Paediatrics, Child and Youth Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Janak de Zoysa
- Renal Services, Waitemata District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa K Stamp
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Nicola Dalbeth
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ranjan Deka
- Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Daniel E Weeks
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Phillip Wilcox
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - David Grattan
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Peter R Shepherd
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew N Shelling
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tony R Merriman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. .,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand.
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