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Pan Y, Hochgerner M, Cichoń MA, Benezeder T, Bieber T, Wolf P. Langerhans cells: Central players in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2024. [PMID: 39157943 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.20291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease worldwide. AD is a highly complex disease with different subtypes. Many elements of AD pathophysiology have been described, but if/how they interact with each other or which mechanisms are important in which patients is still unclear. Langerhans cells (LCs) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the epidermis. Depending on the context, they can act either pro- or anti-inflammatory. Many different studies have investigated LCs in the context of AD and found them to be connected to all major mechanisms of AD pathophysiology. As APCs, LCs recruit other immune cells and shape the immune response, especially adaptive immunity via polarization of T cells. As sentinel cells, LCs are primary sensors of the skin microbiome and are important for the decision of immunity versus tolerance. LCs are also involved with the integrity of the skin barrier by influencing tight junctions. Finally, LCs are important cells in the neuro-immune crosstalk in the skin. In this review, we provide an overview about the many different roles of LCs in AD. Understanding LCs might bring us closer to a more complete understanding of this highly complex disease. Potentially, modulating LCs might offer new options for targeted therapies for AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Pan
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Mathias Hochgerner
- Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Theresa Benezeder
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- CK-CARE, Medicine Campus, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Zhu R, Yao X, Li W. Langerhans cells and skin immune diseases. Eur J Immunol 2024:e2250280. [PMID: 39030782 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are the key antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis in normal conditions and respond differentially to environmental and/or endogenous stimuli, exerting either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory effects. Current knowledge about LCs mainly originates from studies utilizing mouse models, whereas with the development of single-cell techniques, there has been significant progress for human LCs, which has updated our understanding of the phenotype, ontogeny, differentiation regulation, and function of LCs. In this review, we delineated the progress of human LCs and summarized LCs' function in inflammatory skin diseases, providing new ideas for precise regulation of LC function in the prevention and treatment of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronghui Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
- Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Skin Infection and Immunity, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xu Yao
- Department, of Allergy and Rheumatology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Hospital for Skin Diseases, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Institute of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, P. R. China
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3
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Sunena, Tomar D, Jawla S. Clinical Applications of Sunscreens and Formulation Advancements. Curr Drug Res Rev 2024; 16:198-208. [PMID: 37464824 DOI: 10.2174/2589977515666230718124841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Sunscreens cover the big market ratio in terms of cosmetic applications, but the therapeutic necessity of sunscreen still needs to be uncovered in the clinical context. Clinically, sunscreens are being employed more often nowadays as a result of the rising consequences of skin malignancies and the photodamaging effects of UV radiation. Sunscreens are essential to prevent aging by shielding the skin from the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Over the recent decades, there has been a significant evolution in the usage of sunscreens as photo protectants. The demand for sunscreen formulations will inevitably rise as more people become aware of the protection that sunscreens provide against tanning, photoaging, non-melanoma skin cancers, premalignant skin lesions, and skin melanomas. The novel contemporary formulation techniques are also beneficial in enhancing the product's aesthetic look and quality. Recently, regulatory agencies have also started paying attention to the regulation of the clinical application, efficacy, and safety parameters related to sunscreen. This review underlines the pathophysiological response of UV exposure with the therapeutic applications of sunscreen in various dermatological conditions and the recent formulation advancements in the development of sunscreen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunena
- Geeta Institute of Pharmacy, Geeta University, Panipat, 132145, India
| | - Deepali Tomar
- Geeta Institute of Pharmacy, Geeta University, Panipat, 132145, India
| | - Sunil Jawla
- Geeta Institute of Pharmacy, Geeta University, Panipat, 132145, India
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Clahsen T, Hadrian K, Notara M, Schlereth SL, Howaldt A, Prokosch V, Volatier T, Hos D, Schroedl F, Kaser-Eichberger A, Heindl LM, Steven P, Bosch JJ, Steinkasserer A, Rokohl AC, Liu H, Mestanoglu M, Kashkar H, Schumacher B, Kiefer F, Schulte-Merker S, Matthaei M, Hou Y, Fassbender S, Jantsch J, Zhang W, Enders P, Bachmann B, Bock F, Cursiefen C. The novel role of lymphatic vessels in the pathogenesis of ocular diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2023; 96:101157. [PMID: 36759312 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the eye has been considered as an organ free of lymphatic vessels. In recent years, however, it became evident, that lymphatic vessels or lymphatic-like vessels contribute to several ocular pathologies at various peri- and intraocular locations. The aim of this review is to outline the pathogenetic role of ocular lymphatics, the respective molecular mechanisms and to discuss current and future therapeutic options based thereon. We will give an overview on the vascular anatomy of the healthy ocular surface and the molecular mechanisms contributing to corneal (lymph)angiogenic privilege. In addition, we present (i) current insights into the cellular and molecular mechanisms occurring during pathological neovascularization of the cornea triggered e.g. by inflammation or trauma, (ii) the role of lymphatic vessels in different ocular surface pathologies such as dry eye disease, corneal graft rejection, ocular graft versus host disease, allergy, and pterygium, (iii) the involvement of lymphatic vessels in ocular tumors and metastasis, and (iv) the novel role of the lymphatic-like structure of Schlemm's canal in glaucoma. Identification of the underlying molecular mechanisms and of novel modulators of lymphangiogenesis will contribute to the development of new therapeutic targets for the treatment of ocular diseases associated with pathological lymphangiogenesis in the future. The preclinical data presented here outline novel therapeutic concepts for promoting transplant survival, inhibiting metastasis of ocular tumors, reducing inflammation of the ocular surface, and treating glaucoma. Initial data from clinical trials suggest first success of novel treatment strategies to promote transplant survival based on pretransplant corneal lymphangioregression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Clahsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Karina Hadrian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maria Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Antonia Howaldt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Verena Prokosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Volatier
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Deniz Hos
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Falk Schroedl
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology - Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ludwig M Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Steven
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jacobus J Bosch
- Centre for Human Drug Research and Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander C Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hanhan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Mestanoglu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), CECAD Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Schumacher
- Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute for Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, Faculty of Medicine, WWU Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mario Matthaei
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yanhong Hou
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, 83 Fenyang Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai, China
| | - Sonja Fassbender
- IUF‒Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Duesseldorf, Germany; Immunology and Environment, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jonathan Jantsch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Enders
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bachmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Cluster of Excellence: Cellular Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases, CECAD, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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5
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Yoon JH, Kim MY, Cho JY. Apigenin: A Therapeutic Agent for Treatment of Skin Inflammatory Diseases and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021498. [PMID: 36675015 PMCID: PMC9861958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the main barrier between the body and the environment, protecting it from external oxidative stress induced by ultraviolet rays. It also prevents the entrance of infectious agents such as viruses, external antigens, allergens, and bacteria into our bodies. An overreaction to these agents causes severe skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis, pruritus, psoriasis, skin cancer, and vitiligo. Members of the flavonoid family include apigenin, quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol. Of these, apigenin has been used as a dietary supplement due to its various biological activities and has been shown to reduce skin inflammation by downregulating various inflammatory markers and molecular targets. In this review, we deal with current knowledge about inflammatory reactions in the skin and the molecular mechanisms by which apigenin reduces skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Yoon
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Biocosmetics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (M.-Y.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-2-820-0458 (M.-Y.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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6
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Maz MP, Martens JWS, Hannoudi A, Reddy AL, Hile GA, Kahlenberg JM. Recent advances in cutaneous lupus. J Autoimmun 2022; 132:102865. [PMID: 35858957 PMCID: PMC10082587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is an inflammatory and autoimmune skin condition that affects patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and exists as an isolated entity without associated SLE. Flares of CLE, often triggered by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light result in lost productivity and poor quality of life for patients and can be associated with trigger of systemic inflammation. In the past 10 years, the knowledge of CLE etiopathogenesis has grown, leading to promising targets for better therapies. Development of lesions likely begins in a pro-inflammatory epidermis, conditioned by excess type I interferon (IFN) production to undergo increased cell death and inflammatory cytokine production after UV light exposure. The reasons for this inflammatory predisposition are not well-understood, but may be an early event, as ANA + patients without criteria for autoimmune disease exhibit similar (although less robust) findings. Non-lesional skin of SLE patients also exhibits increased innate immune cell infiltration, conditioned by excess IFNs to release pro-inflammatory cytokines, and potentially increase activation of the adaptive immune system. Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are also found in non-lesional skin and may contribute to type I IFN production, although this finding is now being questioned by new data. Once the inflammatory cycle begins, lesional infiltration by numerous other cell populations ensues, including IFN-educated T cells. The heterogeneity amongst lesional CLE subtypes isn't fully understood, but B cells appear to discriminate discoid lupus erythematosus from other subtypes. Continued discovery will provide novel targets for additional therapeutic pursuits. This review will comprehensively discuss the contributions of tissue-specific and immune cell populations to the initiation and propagation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitra P Maz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jacob W S Martens
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Andrew Hannoudi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Alayka L Reddy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Grace A Hile
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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7
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The Roles of Skin Langerhans Cells in Immune Tolerance and Cancer Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091380. [PMID: 36146458 PMCID: PMC9503294 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) are a unique population of tissue-resident macrophages with dendritic cell (DC) functionality that form a network of cells across the epidermis of the skin. Their location at the skin barrier suggests an important role for LC as immune sentinels at the skin surface. The classification of LC as DC over the past few decades has driven the scientific community to extensively study how LC function as DC-like cells that prime T cell immunity. However, LC are a unique type of tissue-resident macrophages, and recent evidence also supports an immunoregulatory role of LC at steady state and during specific inflammatory conditions, highlighting the impact of cutaneous environment in shaping LC functionality. In this mini review, we discuss the recent literature on the immune tolerance function of LC in homeostasis and disease conditions, including malignant transformation and progression; as well as LC functional plasticity for adaption to microenvironmental cues and the potential connection between LC population heterogeneity and functional diversity. Future investigation into the molecular mechanisms that LC use to integrate different microenvironment cues and adapt immunological responses for controlling LC functional plasticity is needed for future breakthroughs in tumor immunology, vaccine development, and treatments for inflammatory skin diseases.
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8
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Frommeyer TC, Gilbert MM, Brittain GV, Wu T, Nguyen TQ, Rohan CA, Travers JB. UVB-Induced Microvesicle Particle Release and Its Effects on the Cutaneous Microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:880850. [PMID: 35603177 PMCID: PMC9120817 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.880850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) has profound effects on human skin that results in a broad spectrum of immunological local and systemic responses and is the major cause of skin carcinogenesis. One important area of study in photobiology is how UVB is translated into effector signals. As the skin is exposed to UVB light, subcellular microvesicle particles (MVP), a subtype of bioactive extracellular vesicles, are released causing a variety of local and systemic immunological effects. In this review, we highlight keratinocyte MVP release in keratinocytes in response to UVB. Specifically, Platelet-activating factor receptor agonists generated by UVB result in MVP released from keratinocytes. The downstream effects of MVP release include the ability of these subcellular particles to transport agents including the glycerophosphocholine-derived lipid mediator Platelet-activating factor (PAF). Moreover, even though UVB is only absorbed in the epidermis, it appears that PAF release from MVPs also mediates systemic immunosuppression and enhances tumor growth and metastasis. Tumor cells expressing PAF receptors can use this mechanism to evade chemotherapy responses, leading to treatment resistance for advanced cancers such as melanoma. Furthermore, novel pharmacological agents provide greater insight into the UVB-induced immune response pathway and a potential target for pharmacological intervention. This review outlines the need to more clearly elucidate the mechanism linking UVB-irradiation with the cutaneous immune response and its pathological manifestations. An improved understanding of this process can result in new insights and treatment strategies for UVB-related disorders from carcinogenesis to photosensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C. Frommeyer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Michael M. Gilbert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Garrett V. Brittain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Tongfan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Trang Q. Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Craig A. Rohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Travers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Dermatology, Boonshoft School of Medicine at Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
- Department of Medicine, Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center, Dayton, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Jeffrey B. Travers,
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9
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A decade of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy in melanoma: understanding the molecular basis for immune sensitivity and resistance. Nat Immunol 2022; 23:660-670. [PMID: 35241833 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-022-01141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 104.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ten years since the immune checkpoint inhibitor ipilimumab was approved for advanced melanoma, it is time to reflect on the lessons learned regarding modulation of the immune system to treat cancer and on novel approaches to further extend the efficacy of current and emerging immunotherapies. Here, we review the studies that led to our current understanding of the melanoma immune microenvironment in humans and the mechanistic work supporting these observations. We discuss how this information is guiding more precise analyses of the mechanisms of action of immune checkpoint blockade and novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Lastly, we review emerging evidence supporting the negative impact of melanoma metabolic adaptation on anti-tumor immunity and discuss how to counteract such mechanisms for more successful use of immunotherapy.
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10
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Skin-resident dendritic cells mediate postoperative pain via CCR4 on sensory neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:2118238119. [PMID: 35046040 PMCID: PMC8794894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2118238119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the nervous and immune systems control the generation and maintenance of inflammatory pain. However, the immune cells and mediators controlling this response remain poorly characterized. We identified the cytokines CCL22 and CCL17 as secreted mediators that act directly on sensory neurons to mediate postoperative pain via their shared receptor, CCR4. We also show that skin-resident dendritic cells are key contributors to the inflammatory pain response. Blocking the interaction between these dendritic cell–derived ligands and their receptor can abrogate the pain response, highlighting CCR4 antagonists as potentially effective therapies for postoperative pain. Our findings identify functions for these tissue-resident myeloid cells and uncover mechanisms underlying pain pathophysiology. Inflammatory pain, such as hypersensitivity resulting from surgical tissue injury, occurs as a result of interactions between the immune and nervous systems with the orchestrated recruitment and activation of tissue-resident and circulating immune cells to the site of injury. Our previous studies identified a central role for Ly6Clow myeloid cells in the pathogenesis of postoperative pain. We now show that the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22, with their cognate receptor CCR4, are key mediators of this response. Both chemokines are up-regulated early after tissue injury by skin-resident dendritic and Langerhans cells to act on peripheral sensory neurons that express CCR4. CCL22, and to a lesser extent CCL17, elicit acute mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity when administered subcutaneously; this response abrogated by pharmacological blockade or genetic silencing of CCR4. Electrophysiological assessment of dissociated sensory neurons from naïve and postoperative mice showed that CCL22 was able to directly activate neurons and enhance their excitability after injury. These responses were blocked using C 021 and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-targeting CCR4. Finally, our data show that acute postoperative pain is significantly reduced in mice lacking CCR4, wild-type animals treated with CCR4 antagonist/siRNA, as well as transgenic mice depleted of dendritic cells. Together, these results suggest an essential role for the peripheral CCL17/22:CCR4 axis in the genesis of inflammatory pain via direct communication between skin-resident dendritic cells and sensory neurons, opening therapeutic avenues for its control.
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11
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Tanaka T, Sasaki N, Rikitake Y. Recent Advances on the Role and Therapeutic Potential of Regulatory T Cells in Atherosclerosis. J Clin Med 2021; 10:5907. [PMID: 34945203 PMCID: PMC8707380 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic diseases, including ischemic heart disease and stroke, are a main cause of mortality worldwide. Chronic vascular inflammation via immune dysregulation is critically involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that regulatory T cells (Tregs), responsible for maintaining immunological tolerance and suppressing excessive immune responses, play an important role in preventing the development and progression of atherosclerosis through the regulation of pathogenic immunoinflammatory responses. Several strategies to prevent and treat atherosclerosis through the promotion of regulatory immune responses have been developed, and could be clinically applied for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the protective role of Tregs in atherosclerosis and discuss attractive approaches to treat atherosclerotic disease by augmenting regulatory immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Tanaka
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.R.)
| | - Naoto Sasaki
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.R.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Rikitake
- Laboratory of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe 658-8558, Japan; (T.T.); (Y.R.)
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12
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Faßbender S, Sondenheimer K, Majora M, Schindler J, Opitz FV, Pollet M, Haarmann-Stemmann T, Krutmann J, Weighardt H. Keratinocytes Counteract UVB-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice Via HIF-1a Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:1183-1193. [PMID: 34571000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.07.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1alpha (HIF-1a) regulates cellular metabolism under hypoxia but also immune responses and UVB-induced skin reactions. In keratinocytes, HIF-1a is an environmental sensor orchestrating the adaptation to environmental changes. Here, we investigated the role of HIF-1a in keratinocytes for skin reactions to acute and chronic UVB exposure in mice. The function of HIF-1a in keratinocytes under UVB exposure was analyzed in conditional keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a-KO (in short "cKO") mice. cKO mice were hypersensitive to acute high-dose UVB irradiation compared to wildtype (WT), displaying increased cell death and delayed barrier repair. After chronic low-dose UVB treatment, cKO mice also had stronger epidermal damage but reduced infiltration of dermal macrophages and T helper cells compared to WT mice. Irradiated cKO mice revealed accumulation of regulatory lymphocytes in dorsal skin-draining lymph nodes compared to WT and unirradiated mice. This was reflected by augmented IL-10 release of lymph node cells and a weaker contact hypersensitivity reaction to DNFB in UVB-exposed cKO mice compared to WT and unirradiated controls. In summary, we found that keratinocyte-specific HIF-1a expression is crucial for adaptation to UVB exposure and inhibits the development of UVB-induced immunosuppression in mice. Therefore, HIF-1a signaling in keratinocytes could ameliorate photoaging-related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Faßbender
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Kevin Sondenheimer
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Majora
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schindler
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Friederike V Opitz
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Marius Pollet
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Haarmann-Stemmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean Krutmann
- IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Heike Weighardt
- Immunology and Environment, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Strasse 31, D-53115 Bonn, Germany; IUF Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Auf´m Hennekamp 50, D-40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
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13
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Mast Cells and Skin and Breast Cancers: A Complicated and Microenvironment-Dependent Role. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050986. [PMID: 33922465 PMCID: PMC8146516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are important sentinel cells in host defense against infection and major effector cells in allergic disease. The role of these cells in cancer settings has been widely debated. The diverse range of mast cell functions in both immunity and tissue remodeling events, such as angiogenesis, provides multiple opportunities for mast cells to modify the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we consider both skin and breast cancer settings to address the controversy surrounding the importance of mast cells in the host response to tumors. We specifically address the key mediators produced by mast cells which impact tumor development. The role of environmental challenges in modifying mast cell responses and opportunities to modify mast cell responses to enhance anti-tumor immunity are also considered. While the mast cell's role in many cancer contexts is complicated and poorly understood, the activities of these tissue resident and radioresistant cells can provide important opportunities to enhance anti-cancer responses and limit cancer development.
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14
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Vieyra-Garcia PA, Wolf P. A deep dive into UV-based phototherapy: Mechanisms of action and emerging molecular targets in inflammation and cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107784. [PMID: 33316286 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UV-based phototherapy (including psoralen plus UVA (PUVA), UVB and UVA1) has a long, successful history in the management of numerous cutaneous disorders. Photoresponsive diseases are etiologically diverse, but most involve disturbances in local (and occasionally systemic) inflammatory cells and/or abnormalities in keratinocytes that trigger inflammation. UV-based phototherapy works by regulating the inflammatory component and inducing apoptosis of pathogenic cells. This results in a fascinating and complex network of simultaneous events-immediate transcriptional changes in keratinocytes, immune cells, and pigment cells; the emergence of apoptotic bodies; and the trafficking of antigen-presenting cells in skin-that quickly transform the microenvironment of UV-exposed skin. Molecular elements in this system of UV recognition and response include chromophores, metabolic byproducts, innate immune receptors, neurotransmitters and mediators such as chemokines and cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and platelet activating factor (PAF) and PAF-like molecules that simultaneously shape the immunomodulatory effects of UV and their interplay with the microbiota of the skin and beyond. Phototherapy's key effects-proapoptotic, immunomodulatory, antipruritic, antifibrotic, propigmentary, and pro-prebiotic-promote clinical improvement in various skin diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis (AD), graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), vitiligo, scleroderma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) as well as prevention of polymorphic light eruption (PLE). As understanding of phototherapy improves, new therapies (UV- and non-UV-based) are being developed that will modify regulatory T-cells (Treg), interact with (resident) memory T-cells and /or utilize agonists and antagonists as well as antibodies targeting soluble molecules such as cytokines and chemokines, transcription factors, and a variety of membrane-associated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Vieyra-Garcia
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 8, Graz A-8036, Austria.
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15
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Eddy K, Chen S. Overcoming Immune Evasion in Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8984. [PMID: 33256089 PMCID: PMC7730443 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and dangerous form of skin cancer that develops from transformed melanocytes. It is crucial to identify melanoma at its early stages, in situ, as it is "curable" at this stage. However, after metastasis, it is difficult to treat and the five-year survival is only 25%. In recent years, a better understanding of the etiology of melanoma and its progression has made it possible for the development of targeted therapeutics, such as vemurafenib and immunotherapies, to treat advanced melanomas. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that mediate melanoma development and progression, with a special focus on the immune evasion strategies utilized by melanomas, to evade host immune surveillances. The proposed mechanism of action and the roles of immunotherapeutic agents, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab, adoptive T- cell therapy plus T-VEC in the treatment of advanced melanoma are discussed. In this review, we implore that a better understanding of the steps that mediate melanoma onset and progression, immune evasion strategies exploited by these tumor cells, and the identification of biomarkers to predict treatment response are critical in the design of improved strategies to improve clinical outcomes for patients with this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevinn Eddy
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Suzie Chen
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, School of Graduate Studies Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
- Susan Lehman Cullman Laboratory for Cancer Research, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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16
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Friedrich AD, Campo VE, Cela EM, Morelli AE, Shufesky WJ, Tckacheva OA, Leoni J, Paz ML, Larregina AT, González Maglio DH. Oral administration of lipoteichoic acid from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG overcomes UVB-induced immunosuppression and impairs skin tumor growth in mice. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:2095-2102. [PMID: 31334839 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201848024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of the relevant connection and regulation between the gut and skin immune axis. In fact, oral administration of lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) prevents the development of UV-induced skin tumors in chronically exposed mice. Here we aim to evaluate whether this LTA is able to revert UV-induced immunosuppression as a mechanism involved in its anti-tumor effect and whether it has an immunotherapeutic effect against cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Using a mouse model of contact hypersensitivity, we demonstrate that LTA overcomes UV-induced skin immunosuppression. This effect was in part achieved by modulating the phenotype of lymph node resident dendritic cells (DC) and the homing of skin migratory DC. Importantly, oral LTA reduced significantly the growth of established skin tumors once UV radiation was discontinued, demonstrating that it has a therapeutic, besides the already demonstrated preventive antitumor effect. The data presented here strongly indicates that oral administration of LTA represents a promising immunotherapeutic approach for different conditions in which the skin immune system is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián D Friedrich
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria E Campo
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eliana M Cela
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrian E Morelli
- Department of Surgery and Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William J Shufesky
- Department of Surgery and Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Olga A Tckacheva
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Juliana Leoni
- CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela L Paz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana T Larregina
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,The McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel H González Maglio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Cátedra de Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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17
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Rajesh A, Wise L, Hibma M. The role of Langerhans cells in pathologies of the skin. Immunol Cell Biol 2019; 97:700-713. [PMID: 30989674 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) are epidermal immune cells of myeloid origin. Although these cells were primarily thought to play a defensive role in the skin, evidence now indicates a diverse range of LC-mediated effects including the relay of viral antigens in herpes simplex infection, recruitment of eosinophils in atopic dermatitis and promotion of a Th17 response in Candida infection. LCs may have a protective or suppressive function in pathologies of the skin, with differing functions being driven by the skin milieu. Understanding LC function will help guide the development of interventions that modulate these cells for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lyn Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Merilyn Hibma
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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18
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Guttman-Yassky E, Zhou L, Krueger JG. The skin as an immune organ: Tolerance versus effector responses and applications to food allergy and hypersensitivity reactions. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:362-374. [PMID: 30954522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Skin is replete with immunocompetent cells that modulate signaling pathways to maintain a salubrious immunogenic/tolerogenic balance. This fertile immune environment plays a significant role in the development of allergic responses and sensitivities, but the mechanisms underlying these pathways have been underappreciated and underused with respect to developing therapeutics. Among the complex repertoire of cells that promote tolerogenic pathways in the periphery, 2 key classes include dendritic cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells. Immature dendritic cells are the first line of defense, patrolling the periphery, sampling antigens, and secreting cytokines that suppress immune cells and promote the survival of Treg cells. Skin-homing Treg cells also play a critical role in mitigating the reactivity of immune cells, secreting high levels of cytokines that promote tolerance. Therapeutic approaches that capitalize on our knowledge of the rich cellular and molecular environment are emerging and show great promise. We will discuss the advantages and challenges of 5 such strategies and how these therapies might mitigate the atopic march by facilitating tolerance. We conclude that skin is a multifaceted structure that provides a fertile ground for therapeutic discovery. Accordingly, ongoing work in this domain will no doubt continue to deliver exciting progress for improved health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY.
| | - Lisa Zhou
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - James G Krueger
- Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY
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19
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Honda T, Egawa G, Kabashima K. Antigen presentation and adaptive immune responses in skin. Int Immunol 2019; 31:423-429. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
For the induction of adequate cutaneous immune responses, the antigen presentation and recognition that occur in both the skin and skin-draining lymph nodes are essential. In each process of cutaneous immune responses, several distinct subsets of immune cells, including dendritic cells and T cells, are involved, and they elicit their respective functions in a harmonious manner. For example, in the elicitation phase of cutaneous acquired immunity, immune cells form a specific lymphoid structure named inducible skin-associated lymphoid tissue (iSALT) to facilitate efficient antigen presentation in situ. In this short review, we will overview the mechanisms of how antigens are presented and how cutaneous adaptive immune responses are conducted in the skin, especially focusing on contact hypersensitivity, a prototypic adaptive immune response in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Honda
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN) and Skin Research Institute of Singapore (SRIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Biopolis, Immunos, Singapore
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20
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Lai HC, Lin CS, Wu CS, Lan CCE. The impact of irradiance on UVB-induced cutaneous immunosuppression: Implications on administering most efficient phototherapy. J Dermatol Sci 2019; 93:116-122. [PMID: 30709685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet B (UVB) is commonly used for treating dermatologic conditions. Recently, high irradiance UVB (HIUVB) has been suggested to be more effective for treating skin conditions as compared to its low irradiance (LI) counterpart. The biological impact of UVB radiation emitted at different irradiance on cutaneous immunity remains obscure. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the impacts of UVB radiation administered at equivalent fluence (mJ/cm2) but different irradiance (mW/cm2) on cutaneous immune response. METHODS Cultured bone marrow derived dendritic cell (BMDC) were treated with equivalent fluence of UVB radiation with HIUVB or LIUVB. The phenotypic and functional alterations of BMDCs were documented. Animal models were used to validate the in vitro results in vivo and explore the mechanisms involved. RESULTS After equivalent fluence of UVB radiation, the HIUVB treated BMDC showed significantly lower MHCII and CD86 expressions, reduced capacity to stimulate T cell proliferation, and enhanced activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)-activated genes as compared to control while their LIUVB treated counterpart showed no significant change. Using animal model, the HIUVB induced significantly higher immune suppressive effect in mice as compared to their LIUVB counterpart after equivalent fluence of UVB treatment. The superior immune suppressive effect of HIUVB over LIUVB radiation was not observed when similar experiments were performed using AhR-deficient mice. CONCLUSION We propose irradiance played an important role modulating UVB-induced cutaneous immune suppression. Future works on UVB phototherapy, both clinical and research, should incorporate this important parameter into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chi Lai
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Shen Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shuang Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Che E Lan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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21
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Hart PH, Norval M. Ultraviolet radiation-induced immunosuppression and its relevance for skin carcinogenesis. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1872-1884. [PMID: 29136080 DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00312a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The realisation that UV radiation (UVR) exposure could induce a suppressed immune environment for the initiation of carcinogenesis in the skin was first described more than 40 years ago. Van der Leun and his colleagues contributed to this area in the 1980s and 90s by experiments in mice involving UV wavelength and dose-dependency in the formation of such tumours, in addition to illustrating both the local and systemic effect of the UVR on the immune system. Since these early days, many aspects of the complex pathways of UV-induced immunosuppression have been studied and are outlined in this review. Although most experimental work has involved mice, it is clear that UVR also causes reduced immune responses in humans. Evidence showing the importance of the immune system in determining the risk of human skin cancers is explained, and details of how UVR exposure can down-regulate immunity in the formation and progression of such tumours reviewed. With increasing knowledge of these links and the mechanisms of UVR-induced immunosuppression, novel approaches to enhance immunity to skin tumour antigens in humans are becoming apparent which, hopefully, will reduce the burden of UVR-induced skin cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prue H Hart
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
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22
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Holmes EA, Rodney Harris RM, Lucas RM. Low Sun Exposure and Vitamin D Deficiency as Risk Factors for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, With a Focus on Childhood Onset. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:105-118. [PMID: 30155900 DOI: 10.1111/php.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing worldwide. Some ecological studies show increasing incidence with increasing latitude. Ambient ultraviolet radiation varies inversely with latitude, and sun exposure of the skin is a major source of vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is common in patients with IBD. Sun exposure and vitamin D have immune effects that could plausibly reduce, or be protective for, IBD. One quarter of new IBD cases are diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, but most research is for adult-onset IBD. Here, we review the evidence for low sun exposure and/or vitamin D deficiency as risk factors for IBD, focusing where possible on pediatric IBD, where effects of environmental exposures may be clearer. The literature provides some evidence of a latitude gradient of IBD incidence, and evidence for seasonal patterns of timing of birth or disease onset is inconsistent. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency occurs in people with IBD, but cannot be interpreted as being a causal risk factor. Evidence of vitamin D supplementation affecting disease activity is limited. Further research on predisease sun exposure and well-designed supplementation studies are required to elucidate whether these potentially modifiable exposures are indeed risk factors for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ann Holmes
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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23
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Mitsiogianni M, Amery T, Franco R, Zoumpourlis V, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. From chemo-prevention to epigenetic regulation: The role of isothiocyanates in skin cancer prevention. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 190:187-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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24
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Vieyra-Garcia PA, Wolf P. From Early Immunomodulatory Triggers to Immunosuppressive Outcome: Therapeutic Implications of the Complex Interplay Between the Wavebands of Sunlight and the Skin. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:232. [PMID: 30250844 PMCID: PMC6139367 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototherapy is an efficient treatment for many cutaneous diseases that involve the activation of inflammatory pathways or the overgrowth of cells with aberrant phenotype. In this review, we discuss recent advances in photoimmunology, focusing on the effects of UV-based therapies currently used in dermatology. We describe the molecular responses to the main forms of photo(chemo)therapy such as UVB, UVA-1, and PUVA that include the triggering of apoptotic or immunosuppressive pathways and help to clear diseased skin. The early molecular response to UV involves DNA photoproducts, the isomerization of urocanic acid, the secretion of biophospholipids such as platelet activating factor (PAF), the activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor and inflammasome, and vitamin D synthesis. The simultaneous and complex interaction of these events regulates the activity of the immune system both locally and systemically, resulting in apoptosis of neoplastic and/or benign cells, reduction of cellular infiltrate, and regulation of cytokines and chemokines. Regulatory T-cells and Langerhans cells, among other skin-resident cellular populations, are deeply affected by UV exposure and are therefore important players in the mechanisms of immunomodulation and the therapeutic value of UV in all its forms. We weigh the contribution of these cells to the therapeutic application of UV and how they may participate in transferring the direct impact of UV on the skin into local and systemic immunomodulation. Moreover, we review the therapeutic mechanisms revealed by clinical and laboratory animal investigations in the most common cutaneous diseases treated with phototherapy such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, vitiligo, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Better understanding of phototherapeutic mechanisms in these diseases will help advance treatment in general and make future therapeutic strategies more precise, targeted, personalized, safe, and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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25
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Otsuka M, Egawa G, Kabashima K. Uncovering the Mysteries of Langerhans Cells, Inflammatory Dendritic Epidermal Cells, and Monocyte-Derived Langerhans Cell-Like Cells in the Epidermis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1768. [PMID: 30105033 PMCID: PMC6077183 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The identity of Langerhans cells (LCs) has been called into question of late due to the increasing evidence that LCs originate from macrophage lineage instead of dendritic cell (DC) lineage as previously thought. For many years, LCs have been assumed to be DCs due to its migratory capabilities. However, recent studies have demonstrated that LCs are from macrophage lineage of the adult fetal liver (FL) progenitor. Bona fide LCs are now considered tissue-resident macrophages as they originate from the FL as shown by fate mapping models. In recent years, studies have shown that there are three types of antigen-presenting cells present in the epidermis, such as LCs, monocyte-derived LC-like cells, and inflammatory dendritic epidermal cells (IDECs). Of these, LC-like cells have been characterized in both human and mouse studies, while IDECs have only been described in human studies. This has shed a new light on the area of epidermal macrophages, suggesting that there might be a misidentification and misclassification of LCs. IDECs and LC-like cells have been shown to be present in both steady state and inflammatory state, but they are present in more significant amounts under inflammatory conditions such as atopic dermatitis, ultra violet injury, and psoriasis. In this review, we discuss what is already known and discuss the possible roles of LCs, LC-like cells, and IDECs during inflammation. Most intriguingly, we discuss the possibility of LCs having a dual identity as both a macrophage and a DC. This is shown as LCs are the only tissue-resident macrophage to have shown migratory property-like DCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Otsuka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Gyohei Egawa
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kabashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Biopolis, Singapore, Singapore
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26
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Morgan KA, Mann EH, Young AR, Hawrylowicz CM. ASTHMA - comparing the impact of vitamin D versus UVR on clinical and immune parameters. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 16:399-410. [PMID: 28092390 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00407e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of asthma has increased markedly since the 1960s and is currently estimated to affect more than 300 million individuals worldwide. A number of environmental factors are implicated in asthma pathogenesis, one of which is vitamin D. Vitamin D deficiency is a global health concern and has increased in parallel with asthma incidence. Epidemiological studies report associations between low vitamin D status, assessed as circulating levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, with asthma incidence, severity, exacerbations and responses to treatment. This has led to clinical studies to test whether increasing the levels of vitamin D improves asthma management. Despite being highly variable in dosing regimens, design and outcomes, meta-analyses suggest overall positive outcomes with respect to reduced asthma exacerbations and steroid requirements. The primary mechanism for increasing vitamin D levels in the body is through exposure of the skin to the ultraviolet B (UVB) component of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), most commonly from sun exposure. However, only a limited number of studies investigating the impact of UVR on the asthmatic response have been performed; these generally report on the impact of latitude as a surrogate of sun exposure, or address this in animal models. To the best of our knowledge no comprehensive trials to assess the impact of UVB radiation on asthma outcomes have been performed. Within this review we discuss observational and clinical studies in this field, and innate and adaptive immune mechanisms through which UVR and vitamin D may impact respiratory health, and asthma. We highlight the heterogeneity of asthmatic disease, which is likely to impact upon the efficacy of interventional studies, and briefly overview more recent findings relating to the impact of vitamin D/UVR on the development of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie A Morgan
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, UK. and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King's College London, UK and St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Elizabeth H Mann
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, UK.
| | - Antony R Young
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King's College London, UK and St John's Institute of Dermatology, Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Catherine M Hawrylowicz
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, UK. and NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Health Impact of Environmental Hazards, King's College London, UK
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27
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Patra V, Laoubi L, Nicolas JF, Vocanson M, Wolf P. A Perspective on the Interplay of Ultraviolet-Radiation, Skin Microbiome and Skin Resident Memory TCRαβ+ Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:166. [PMID: 29900173 PMCID: PMC5988872 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human skin is known to be inhabited by diverse microbes, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, archaea, and mites. This microbiome exerts a protective role against infections by promoting immune development and inhibiting pathogenic microbes to colonize skin. One of the factors having an intense effect on the skin and its resident microbes is ultraviolet-radiation (UV-R). UV-R can promote or inhibit the growth of microbes on the skin and modulate the immune system which can be either favorable or harmful. Among potential UV-R targets, skin resident memory T cells (TRM) stand as well positioned immune cells at the forefront within the skin. Both CD4+ or CD8+ αβ TRM cells residing permanently in peripheral tissues have been shown to play prominent roles in providing accelerated and long-lived specific immunity, tissue homeostasis, wound repair. Nevertheless, their response upon UV-R exposure or signals from microbiome are poorly understood compared to resident TCRγδ cells. Skin TRM survive for long periods of time and are exposed to innumerable antigens during lifetime. The interplay of TRM with skin residing microbes may be crucial in pathophysiology of various diseases including psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and polymorphic light eruption. In this article, we share our perspective about how UV-R may directly shape the persistence, phenotype, specificity, and function of skin TRM; and moreover, whether UV-R alters barrier function, leading to microbial-specific skin TRM, disrupting the healthy balance between skin microbiome and skin immune cells, and resulting in chronic inflammation and diseased skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- VijayKumar Patra
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Léo Laoubi
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-François Nicolas
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Lyon Sud University Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
| | - Marc Vocanson
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Peter Wolf
- Research Unit for Photodermatology, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Non Melanoma Skin Cancer Pathogenesis Overview. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6010006. [PMID: 29301290 PMCID: PMC5874663 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-melanoma skin cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in humans. The process of skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood. However, several studies have been conducted to better explain the mechanisms that lead to malignancy; (2) Methods: We reviewed the more recent literature about the pathogenesis of non-melanoma skin cancer focusing on basal cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinoma and actinic keratosis; (3) Results: Several papers reported genetic and molecular alterations leading to non-melanoma skin cancer. Plenty of risk factors are involved in non-melanoma skin cancer pathogenesis, including genetic and molecular alterations, immunosuppression, and ultraviolet radiation; (4) Conclusion: Although skin carcinogenesis is still not fully understood, several papers demonstrated that genetic and molecular alterations are involved in this process. In addition, plenty of non-melanoma skin cancer risk factors are now known, allowing for an effective prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer development. Compared to other papers on the same topic, our review focused on molecular and genetic factors and analyzed in detail several factors involved in non-melanoma skin cancer.
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Yamazaki S, Odanaka M, Nishioka A, Kasuya S, Shime H, Hemmi H, Imai M, Riethmacher D, Kaisho T, Ohkura N, Sakaguchi S, Morita A. Ultraviolet B-Induced Maturation of CD11b-Type Langerin - Dendritic Cells Controls the Expansion of Foxp3 + Regulatory T Cells in the Skin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:119-129. [PMID: 29158419 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Skin dendritic cells (DCs) are divided into several subsets with distinctive functions. This study shows a previously unappreciated role of dermal CD11b-type Langerin- DCs in maintaining immunological self-tolerance after UVB exposure. After UVB exposure, dermal CD11b-type Langerin- DCs upregulated surface CD86 expression, induced proliferation of Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells without exogenous Ags, and upregulated a set of genes associated with immunological tolerance. This Treg-expansion activity was significantly hampered by CD80/CD86 blockade in vivo. These results indicate that CD11b-type Langerin- DCs from the UVB-exposed skin are specialized to expand Treg cells in the skin, which suppress autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayuri Yamazaki
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan;
| | - Mizuyu Odanaka
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Akiko Nishioka
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Saori Kasuya
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Hemmi
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Department of Immunology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
| | - Dieter Riethmacher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Republic of Kazakhstan.,School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tsuneyasu Kaisho
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Advanced Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.,Laboratory for Immune Regulation, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naganari Ohkura
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and.,Department of Frontier Research in Tumor Immunology, Center of Medical Innovation and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Department of Experimental Immunology, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; and
| | - Akimichi Morita
- Department of Geriatric and Environmental Dermatology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya 467-8601, Japan
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30
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Lei D, Wu W, Yang L, Li Y, Feng J, Lyu L, He L. Insight into immunocytes infiltrations in polymorphous light eruption. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:751-757. [PMID: 28729211 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) which is one of the most common photodermatoses has been demonstrated to be immune-mediated disorder. Resistance to UV-induced immunosuppression resulting from differential immune cells infiltration and cytokines secretion has been highlighted in the pathogenesis of PLE. In this study, we reviewed differential patterns of immune cells infiltrations and cytokines secretion that may contribute to PLE occurrence and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Lei
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqi Feng
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li He
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Institute of Dermatology & Venereology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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31
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DNA damage in protective and adverse inflammatory responses: Friend of foe? Mech Ageing Dev 2017; 165:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Jatana S, Palmer BC, Phelan SJ, Gelein R, DeLouise LA. In vivo quantification of quantum dot systemic transport in C57BL/6 hairless mice following skin application post-ultraviolet radiation. Part Fibre Toxicol 2017; 14:12. [PMID: 28410606 PMCID: PMC5391571 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-017-0191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has demonstrated size, surface charge and skin barrier dependent penetration of nanoparticles into the viable layers of mouse skin. The goal of this work was to characterize the tissue distribution and mechanism of transport of nanoparticles beyond skin, with and without Ultraviolet Radiation (UVR) induced skin barrier disruption. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), flow cytometry and confocal microscopy were used to examine the effect of UVR dose (180 and 360 mJ/cm2 UVB) on the skin penetration and systemic distribution of quantum dot (QD) nanoparticles topically applied at different time-points post UVR using a hairless C57BL/6 mouse model. RESULTS Results indicate that QDs can penetrate mouse skin, regardless of UVR exposure, as evidenced by the increased cadmium in the local lymph nodes of all QD treated mice. The average % recovery for all treatment groups was 69.68% with ~66.84% of the applied dose recovered from the skin (both epicutaneous and intracutaneous). An average of 0.024% of the applied dose was recovered from the lymph nodes across various treatment groups. When QDs are applied 4 days post UV irradiation, at the peak of the skin barrier defect and LC migration to the local lymph node, there is an increased cellular presence of QD in the lymph node; however, AAS analysis of local lymph nodes display no difference in cadmium levels due to UVR treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that Langerhans cells (LCs) can engulf QDs in skin, but transport to the lymph node may occur by both cellular (dendritic and macrophage) and non-cellular mechanisms. It is interesting that these specific nanoparticles were retained in skin similarly regardless of UVR barrier disruption, but the observed skin immune cell interaction with nanoparticles suggest a potential for immunomodulation, which we are currently examining in a murine model of skin allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samreen Jatana
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Brian C Palmer
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Sarah J Phelan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Robert Gelein
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, New York, USA
| | - Lisa A DeLouise
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Dermatology and Biomedical Engineering, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Box 697, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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33
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Xiao C, Zhu Z, Sun S, Gao J, Fu M, Liu Y, Wang G, Yao X, Li W. Activation of Langerhans cells promotes the inflammation in imiquimod-induced psoriasis-like dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2017; 85:170-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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34
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Prasad R, Katiyar SK. Crosstalk Among UV-Induced Inflammatory Mediators, DNA Damage and Epigenetic Regulators Facilitates Suppression of the Immune System. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:930-936. [PMID: 27935057 DOI: 10.1111/php.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The suppression of the immune system by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation has been implicated in the initiation and progression of photocarcinogenesis. Numerous changes occur in the skin on UVB exposure, including the generation of inflammatory mediators, DNA damage, epigenetic modifications, and migration and functional alterations in the antigen-presenting dendritic cells. Although each of these alterations can elicit a cascade of events that have the potential to modulate immune sensitivity alone, there is emerging evidence that there is considerable crosstalk between these cascades. The development of an understanding of UV-induced changes in the skin that culminate in UV-induced immunosuppression, which has been implicated in the risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer, as a network of events has implications for the development of more effective chemopreventive strategies. In the current review article, we discuss the evidence of interactions between the various molecular targets and signaling mechanisms associated with UV-induced immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Prasad
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Santosh K Katiyar
- Departments of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Environmental Health Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
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35
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Damiani E, Puebla-Osorio N, Lege BM, Liu J, Neelapu SS, Ullrich SE. Platelet activating factor-induced expression of p21 is correlated with histone acetylation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:41959. [PMID: 28157211 PMCID: PMC5291204 DOI: 10.1038/srep41959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated keratinocytes secrete the lipid mediator of inflammation, platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF plays an essential role in UV-induced immune suppression and skin cancer induction. Dermal mast cell migration from the skin to the draining lymph nodes plays a prominent role in activating systemic immune suppression. UV-induced PAF activates mast cell migration by up-regulating mast cell CXCR4 surface expression. Recent findings indicate that PAF up-regulates CXCR4 expression via histone acetylation. UV-induced PAF also activates cell cycle arrest and disrupts DNA repair, in part by increasing p21 expression. Do epigenetic alterations play a role in p21 up-regulation? Here we show that PAF increases Acetyl-CREB-binding protein (CBP/p300) histone acetyltransferase expression in a time and dose-dependent fashion. Partial deletion of the HAT domain in the CBP gene, blocked these effects. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicated that PAF-treatment activated the acetylation of the p21 promoter. PAF-treatment had no effect on other acetylating enzymes (GCN5L2, PCAF) indicating it is not a global activator of histone acetylation. This study provides further evidence that PAF activates epigenetic mechanisms to affect important cellular processes, and we suggest this bioactive lipid can serve as a link between the environment and the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nahum Puebla-Osorio
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bree M Lege
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jingwei Liu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sattva S Neelapu
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- Department of Immunology and The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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36
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Singh TP, Zhang HH, Borek I, Wolf P, Hedrick MN, Singh SP, Kelsall BL, Clausen BE, Farber JM. Monocyte-derived inflammatory Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells mediate psoriasis-like inflammation. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13581. [PMID: 27982014 PMCID: PMC5171657 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis but the roles for specific DC subsets are not well defined. Here we show that DCs are required for psoriasis-like changes in mouse skin induced by the local injection of IL-23. However, Flt3L-dependent DCs and resident Langerhans cells are dispensable for the inflammation. In epidermis and dermis, the critical DCs are TNF-producing and IL-1β-producing monocyte-derived DCs, including a population of inflammatory Langerhans cells. Depleting Ly6Chi blood monocytes reduces DC accumulation and the skin changes induced either by injecting IL-23 or by application of the TLR7 agonist imiquimod. Moreover, we find that IL-23-induced inflammation requires expression of CCR6 by DCs or their precursors, and that CCR6 mediates monocyte trafficking into inflamed skin. Collectively, our results imply that monocyte-derived cells are critical contributors to psoriasis through production of inflammatory cytokines that augment the activation of skin T cells.
Imiquimod exacerbates IL-23-induced skin inflammation and models psoriasis in mice. Here the authors show that this pathology is not dependent on resident dendritic cells, but on CCR6-induced immigration of monocyte-derived cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Pratap Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Howard H Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Izabela Borek
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Graz, A-8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Michael N Hedrick
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Satya P Singh
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Brian L Kelsall
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Bjorn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joshua M Farber
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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37
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Pilkington SM, Gibbs NK, Costello P, Bennett SP, Massey KA, Friedmann PS, Nicolaou A, Rhodes LE. Effect of oral eicosapentaenoic acid on epidermal Langerhans cell numbers and PGD2production in UVR-exposed human skin: a randomised controlled study. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:962-968. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M. Pilkington
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Neil K. Gibbs
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Patrick Costello
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Susan P. Bennett
- Centre for Dermatology; Salford Royal Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Karen A. Massey
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | | | - Anna Nicolaou
- School of Pharmacy; Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Lesley E. Rhodes
- Centre for Dermatology; Institute of Inflammation and Repair; University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- Centre for Dermatology; Salford Royal Hospital; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
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Sasaki N, Yamashita T, Kasahara K, Fukunaga A, Yamaguchi T, Emoto T, Yodoi K, Matsumoto T, Nakajima K, Kita T, Takeda M, Mizoguchi T, Hayashi T, Sasaki Y, Hatakeyama M, Taguchi K, Washio K, Sakaguchi S, Malissen B, Nishigori C, Hirata KI. UVB Exposure Prevents Atherosclerosis by Regulating Immunoinflammatory Responses. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 37:66-74. [PMID: 27765767 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.308063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE UVB irradiation is an established treatment for immunoinflammatory cutaneous disorders and has been shown to suppress cutaneous and systemic inflammatory diseases through modulation of the adaptive immune response. However, it remains unknown whether UVB irradiation prevents an immunoinflammatory disease of arteries such as atherosclerosis. APPROACH AND RESULTS Here, we show that UVB exposure inhibits the development and progression of atherosclerosis in atherosclerosis-prone mice by expanding and enhancing the functional capacity of CD4+ forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells and regulating proatherogenic T-cell responses. Experimental studies in Langerhans cell-depleted mice revealed that epidermal Langerhans cells play a critical role in UVB-dependent induction of CD4+ forkhead box P3+ regulatory T cells, suppression of proatherogenic T-cell responses, and prevention of atherosclerotic plaque development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the skin immune system as a novel therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and provide a novel strategy for the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Sasaki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.).
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Kazuyuki Kasahara
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Takuo Emoto
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Keiko Yodoi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Kenji Nakajima
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Tomoyuki Kita
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Masafumi Takeda
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Taiji Mizoguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Tomohiro Hayashi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Mayumi Hatakeyama
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Ken Washio
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Bernard Malissen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Chikako Nishigori
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
| | - Ken-Ichi Hirata
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (N.S., T. Yamashita., K.K., T.E., K.Y., T. Matsumoto, K.N., T.K., M.T., T. Mizoguchi, T.H., Y.S., K.-i.H.) and Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Related (A.F., M.H., K.T., K.W., C.N.), Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan; Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan (N.S.); Department of Single Molecule Imaging (T. Yamaguchi) and Department of Experimental Immunology (S.S.), World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Japan; Department of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan (M.T.); and Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy and the Centre d'Immunophénomique, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France (B.M.)
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Abstract
The health benefits of natural sunlight have been noted since the rise of civilization, even without the knowledge of its mechanisms of action. Currently, phototherapy remains an effective and widely used treatment for a variety of skin diseases. Ultraviolet radiation, from either the sun or artificial light sources, has a profound immunomodulatory effect that is responsible for its beneficial clinical outcomes. Ultraviolet radiation mostly induces the innate while suppressing the adaptive immune system, leading to both local and systemic effects. It is antigen specific, acts on both effector and regulatory T cells, alters antigen-presenting cell function, and induces the secretion of cytokines and soluble mediators. This review provides an overview of the immunologic mechanisms by which ultraviolet radiation is responsible for the therapeutic effects of phototherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago R Matos
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Academic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1105 AZ, Netherlands.
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Chen Q, Li R, Zhao X, Liang B, Ma S, Li Z, Zhu H. Prevention of ultraviolet radiation‑induced immunosuppression by sunscreen in Candida albicans‑induced delayed‑type hypersensitivity. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:202-8. [PMID: 27175551 PMCID: PMC4918595 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced immunosuppression leading to skin cancer has received increased attention in previous years. The present study aimed to investigate the immunoprotection offered by Anthelios sunscreen in a mouse model of Candida albicans-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Anthelios sunscreen was applied to the skin on the dorsal skin of BALB/c mice treated with a sub-erythema dose of solar-simulated radiation. Delayed-type hypersensitivity was induced by immunization with Candida albicans. Changes in the skin thickness of the foot pads were measured, and immunosuppression rates were also evaluated. The expression levels of CD207, CD80 and CD86 in the Langerhans cells were semi-quantitatively detected using Western blotting and immunohistochemical assays. The delayed-type hypersensitivity mouse model was successfully established. The minimal erythema doses of UVA and UVB exposure to the mice were 2,000 and 145 mJ/cm2, respectively. The immunosuppression rates in the sunscreen group and non-sunscreen group were 24.39 and 65.85%, respectively (P<0.01). The results of the Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that the expression levels of CD207 (P<0.01), CD80 (P<0.05) and CD86 (P<0.01) were higher in the sunscreen group, compared with those in the non-sunscreen group. UV exposure reduced Candida albicans antigen-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity. Anthelios sunscreen was found to protect the skin from immunosuppression through the activation of epidermal Langerhans cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Runxiang Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Haikou City People's Hospital, Haikou, Hainan 570208, P.R. China
| | - Bihua Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Shaoyin Ma
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
| | - Huilan Zhu
- Guangzhou Institute of Dermatology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510095, P.R. China
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Porter RM, Anstey A. Evidence and conjecture about mechanisms of cutaneous disease in photodermatology. Exp Dermatol 2016; 23:543-6. [PMID: 24910168 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Photosensitivity disorders are caused by a variety of mechanisms. Three common themes are as follows: excess chromophore allowing visible light energy to cause photodynamic damage, reduced DNA repair capacity to UV-induced DNA damage, and enhanced sensitivity to light-induced allergens mediated immunologically. Although the cause of each condition may be known, the precise pathogenesis underlying the photosensitivity has taken longer to understand. By focussing on three clinical disorders under each of these themes, we have explored the following: why erythropoietic protoporphyria differs so markedly from the other cutaneous porphyrias; how a DNA repair defect was eventually revealed to be the underlying cause of the vitamin B3 deficiency disorder of pellagra; an immunological explanation for the over reactivity to photoallergens in chronic actinic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Porter
- Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
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Damiani E, Ullrich SE. Understanding the connection between platelet-activating factor, a UV-induced lipid mediator of inflammation, immune suppression and skin cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:14-27. [PMID: 27073146 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipid mediators of inflammation play important roles in several diseases including skin cancer, the most prevalent type of cancer found in the industrialized world. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a complete carcinogen and is the primary cause of skin cancer. UV radiation is also a potent immunosuppressive agent, and UV-induced immunosuppression is a well-known risk factor for skin cancer induction. An essential mediator in this process is the glyercophosphocholine 1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine commonly referred to as platelet-activating factor (PAF). PAF is produced by keratinocytes in response to diverse stimuli and exerts its biological effects by binding to a single specific G-protein-coupled receptor (PAF-R) expressed on a variety of cells. This review will attempt to describe how this lipid mediator is involved in transmitting the immunosuppressive signal from the skin to the immune system, starting from its production by keratinocytes, to its role in activating mast cell migration in vivo, and to the mechanisms involved that ultimately lead to immune suppression. Recent findings related to its role in regulating DNA repair and activating epigenetic mechanisms, further pinpoint the importance of this bioactive lipid, which may serve as a critical molecular mediator that links the environment (UVB radiation) to the immune system and the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Universita' Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Stephen E Ullrich
- Department of Immunology and The Center for Cancer Immunology Research, The University of Texas Graduate School for Biomedical Sciences at Houston, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Raker VK, Domogalla MP, Steinbrink K. Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells for Regulatory T Cell Induction in Man. Front Immunol 2015; 6:569. [PMID: 26617604 PMCID: PMC4638142 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized professional antigen-presenting cells that regulate immune responses, maintaining the balance between tolerance and immunity. Mechanisms via which they can promote central and peripheral tolerance include clonal deletion, the inhibition of memory T cell responses, T cell anergy, and induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). These properties have led to the analysis of human tolerogenic DCs as a therapeutic strategy for the induction or re-establishment of tolerance. In recent years, numerous protocols for the generation of human tolerogenic DCs have been developed and their tolerogenic mechanisms, including induction of Tregs, are relatively well understood. Phase I trials have been conducted in autoimmune disease, with results that emphasize the feasibility and safety of treatments with tolerogenic DCs. Therefore, the scientific rationale for the use of tolerogenic DCs therapy in the fields of transplantation medicine and allergic and autoimmune diseases is strong. This review will give an overview on efforts and protocols to generate human tolerogenic DCs with focus on IL-10-modulated DCs as inducers of Tregs and discuss their clinical applications and challenges faced in further developing this form of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Matthias P Domogalla
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
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Clausen BE, Stoitzner P. Functional Specialization of Skin Dendritic Cell Subsets in Regulating T Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2015; 6:534. [PMID: 26557117 PMCID: PMC4617171 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DC) are a heterogeneous family of professional antigen-presenting cells classically recognized as most potent inducers of adaptive immune responses. In this respect, Langerhans cells have long been considered to be prototypic immunogenic DC in the skin. More recently this view has considerably changed. The generation of in vivo cell ablation and lineage tracing models revealed the complexity of the skin DC network and, in particular, established the existence of a number of phenotypically distinct Langerin+ and negative DC populations in the dermis. Moreover, by now we appreciate that DC also exert important regulatory functions and are required for the maintenance of tolerance toward harmless foreign and self-antigens. This review summarizes our current understanding of the skin-resident DC system in the mouse and discusses emerging concepts on the functional specialization of the different skin DC subsets in regulating T cell responses. Special consideration is given to antigen cross-presentation as well as immune reactions toward contact sensitizers, cutaneous pathogens, and tumors. These studies form the basis for the manipulation of the human counterparts of the murine DC subsets to promote immunity or tolerance for the treatment of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn E Clausen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz , Mainz , Germany
| | - Patrizia Stoitzner
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Division of Experimental Dermatology, Medical University of Innsbruck , Innsbruck , Austria
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Price JG, Idoyaga J, Salmon H, Hogstad B, Bigarella CL, Ghaffari S, Leboeuf M, Merad M. CDKN1A regulates Langerhans cell survival and promotes Treg cell generation upon exposure to ionizing irradiation. Nat Immunol 2015; 16:1060-8. [PMID: 26343536 PMCID: PMC4620552 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment with ionizing radiation (IR) can lead to the accumulation of tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and subsequent resistance of tumors to radiotherapy. Here we focused on the contribution of the epidermal mononuclear phagocytes Langerhans cells (LCs) to this phenomenon because of their ability to resist depletion by high-dose IR. We found that LCs resisted apoptosis and rapidly repaired DNA damage after exposure to IR. In particular, we found that the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN1A (p21) was overexpressed in LCs and that Cdkn1a(-/-) LCs underwent apoptosis and accumulated DNA damage following IR treatment. Wild-type LCs upregulated major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, migrated to the draining lymph nodes and induced an increase in Treg cell numbers upon exposure to IR, but Cdkn1a(-/-) LCs did not. Our findings suggest a means for manipulating the resistance of LCs to IR to enhance the response of cutaneous tumors to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy G Price
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology and Chris Browne Center for Immunology and Immune Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hélène Salmon
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brandon Hogstad
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carolina L Bigarella
- Department of Developmental &Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Saghi Ghaffari
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Developmental &Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marylene Leboeuf
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Ali MA, Thrower SL, Hanna SJ, Coulman SA, Birchall JC, Wong FS, Dayan CM, Tatovic D. Topical steroid therapy induces pro-tolerogenic changes in Langerhans cells in human skin. Immunology 2015; 146:411-22. [PMID: 26293297 PMCID: PMC4610630 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the efficacy of conditioning skin Langerhans cells (LCs) with agents to promote tolerance and reduce inflammation, with the goal of improving the outcomes of antigen-specific immunotherapy. Topical treatments were assessed ex vivo, using excised human breast skin maintained in organ bath cultures, and in vivo in healthy volunteers by analysing skin biopsies and epidermal blister roof samples. Following topical treatment with a corticosteroid, tumour necrosis factor-α levels were reduced in skin biopsy studies and blister fluid samples. Blister fluid concentrations of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory proteins -1α and 1β and interferon-γ inducible protein-10 were also reduced, while preserving levels of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10. Steroid pre-treatment of the skin reduced the ability of LCs to induce proliferation, while supernatants showed an increase in the IL-10/interferon-γ ratio. Phenotypic changes following topical steroid treatment were also observed, including reduced expression of CD83 and CD86 in blister-derived LCs, but preservation of the tolerogenic signalling molecules immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 and programmed death-1. Reduced expression of HLA-DR, CD80 and CD86 were also apparent in LCs derived from excised human skin. Topical therapy with a vitamin D analogue (calcipotriol) and steroid, calcipotriol alone or vitamin A elicited no significant changes in the parameters studied. These experiments suggest that pre-conditioning the skin with topical corticosteroid can modulate LCs by blunting their pro-inflammatory signals and potentially enhancing tolerance. We suggest that such modulation before antigen-specific immunotherapy might provide an inexpensive and safe adjunct to current approaches to treat autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alhadj Ali
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Stephanie J Hanna
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sion A Coulman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - James C Birchall
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - F Susan Wong
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Colin Mark Dayan
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - Danijela Tatovic
- Diabetes Research Group, Institute for Molecular and Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
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Multifaceted contributions of epidermal langerhans cells to cutaneous carcinogenesis. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:1218-1220. [PMID: 25882463 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings have established that epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) promote polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-induced carcinogenesis independent of their immunological properties by generating mutagenic PAH metabolites. In this issue, Girardi and colleagues (2014) extend their previous work and demonstrate that this mutagenic metabolism of LCs is indeed mediated by preferential expression of the cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP1B1, but that LCs cells exert their pro-carcinogenic effects also independently of CYP1B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schwarz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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King JK, Philips RL, Eriksson AU, Kim PJ, Halder RC, Lee DJ, Singh RR. Langerhans Cells Maintain Local Tissue Tolerance in a Model of Systemic Autoimmune Disease. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:464-76. [PMID: 26071559 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases such as lupus affect multiple organs, usually in a diverse fashion where only certain organs are affected in individual patients. It is unclear whether the "local" immune cells play a role in regulating tissue specificity in relation to disease heterogeneity in systemic autoimmune diseases. In this study, we used skin as a model to determine the role of tissue-resident dendritic cells (DCs) in local and systemic involvement within a systemic lupus disease model. Skin-resident DCs, namely, Langerhans cells (LCs), have been implicated in regulating tolerance or autoimmunity using elegant transgenic models, however, their role in local versus systemic immune regulation is unknown. We demonstrate that although lymphocytes from skin-draining lymph nodes of autoimmune-prone MRL/MpJ-Fas(lpr/lp) (r) (MRL-lpr) mice react spontaneously to a physiological skin self-Ag desmoglein-3, epicutaneous applications of desmoglein-3 induced tolerance that is dependent on LCs. Inducible ablation of LCs in adult preclinical MRL-lpr and MRL/MpJ-Fas(+/+) mice resulted in increased autoantibodies against skin Ags and markedly accelerated lupus dermatitis with increased local macrophage infiltration, but had no effect on systemic autoantibodies such as anti-dsDNA Abs or disease in other organs such as kidneys, lung, and liver. Furthermore, skin-draining lymph nodes of LC-ablated MRL-lpr mice had significantly fewer CD4(+) T cells producing anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 than LC-intact controls. These results indicate that a skin-resident DC population regulates local tolerance in systemic lupus and emphasize the importance of the local immune milieu in preventing tissue-specific autoimmunity, yet have no effect on systemic autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer K King
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Rachael L Philips
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Anna U Eriksson
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Peter J Kim
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ramesh C Halder
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Delphine J Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Translational Immunology, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA 90404
| | - Ram Raj Singh
- Autoimmunity and Tolerance Laboratory, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Molecular Toxicology Interdepartmental Program, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
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