1
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Mandal M, Pires D, Calado M, Azevedo-Pereira JM, Anes E. Cystatin F Depletion in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Infected Macrophages Improves Cathepsin C/Granzyme B-Driven Cytotoxic Effects on HIV-Infected Cells during Coinfection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8141. [PMID: 39125711 PMCID: PMC11311260 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cystatin F (CstF) is a protease inhibitor of cysteine cathepsins, including those involved in activating the perforin/granzyme cytotoxic pathways. It is targeted at the endolysosomal pathway but can also be secreted to the extracellular milieu or endocytosed by bystander cells. CstF was shown to be significantly increased in tuberculous pleurisy, and during HIV coinfection, pleural fluids display high viral loads. In human macrophages, our previous results revealed a strong upregulation of CstF in phagocytes activated by interferon γ or after infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). CstF manipulation using RNA silencing led to increased proteolytic activity of lysosomal cathepsins, improving Mtb intracellular killing. In the present work, we investigate the impact of CstF depletion in macrophages during the coinfection of Mtb-infected phagocytes with lymphocytes infected with HIV. The results indicate that decreasing the CstF released by phagocytes increases the major pro-granzyme convertase cathepsin C of cytotoxic immune cells from peripheral blood-derived lymphocytes. Consequently, an observed augmentation of the granzyme B cytolytic activity leads to a significant reduction in viral replication in HIV-infected CD4+ T-lymphocytes. Ultimately, this knowledge can be crucial for developing new therapeutic approaches to control both pathogens based on manipulating CstF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Mandal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.P.); (J.M.A.-P.)
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.P.); (J.M.A.-P.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Octávio Pato, 2635-631 Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Marta Calado
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.P.); (J.M.A.-P.)
| | - José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.P.); (J.M.A.-P.)
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (M.M.); (D.P.); (J.M.A.-P.)
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2
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Hull CM, Larcombe-Young D, Mazza R, George M, Davies DM, Schurich A, Maher J. Granzyme B-activated IL18 potentiates αβ and γδ CAR T cell immunotherapy in a tumor-dependent manner. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2373-2392. [PMID: 38745414 PMCID: PMC11286818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)18 is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine that is activated upon caspase 1 cleavage of the latent precursor, pro-IL18. Therapeutic T cell armoring with IL18 promotes autocrine stimulation and positive modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, existing strategies are imperfect since they involve constitutive/poorly regulated activity or fail to modify the TME. Here, we have substituted the caspase 1 cleavage site within pro-IL18 with that preferred by granzyme B, yielding GzB-IL18. We demonstrate that GzB-IL18 is constitutively released but remains functionally latent unless chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are activated, owing to concomitant granzyme B release. Armoring with GzB-IL18 enhances cytolytic activity, proliferation, interferon (IFN)-γ release, and anti-tumor efficacy by a similar magnitude to constitutively active IL18. We also demonstrate that GzB-IL18 provides a highly effective armoring strategy for γδ CAR T cells, leading to enhanced metabolic fitness and significant potentiation of therapeutic activity. Finally, we show that constitutively active IL18 can unmask CAR T cell-mediated cytokine release syndrome in immunocompetent mice. By contrast, GzB-IL18 promotes anti-tumor activity and myeloid cell re-programming without inducing such toxicity. Using this stringent system, we have tightly coupled the biological activity of IL18 to the activation state of the host CAR T cell, favoring safer clinical implementation of this technology.
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MESH Headings
- Interleukin-18/metabolism
- Granzymes/metabolism
- Animals
- Mice
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Tumor Microenvironment/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Neoplasms/therapy
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M Hull
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Daniel Larcombe-Young
- King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAR Mechanics Lab, Guy's Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Roberta Mazza
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Molly George
- King's College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - David M Davies
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anna Schurich
- King's College London, Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - John Maher
- Leucid Bio Ltd, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; King's College London, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, CAR Mechanics Lab, Guy's Cancer Centre, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Immunology, Eastbourne Hospital, Kings Drive, Eastbourne, East Sussex BN21 2UD, UK.
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3
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Sun Q, Chen W, Wu R, Tao B, Wang P, Sun B, Alvarez JF, Ma F, Galindo DC, Maroney SP, Saviola AJ, Hansen KC, Li S, Deb A. Serine protease inhibitor, SerpinA3n, regulates cardiac remodelling after myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Res 2024; 120:943-953. [PMID: 38666458 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Following myocardial infarction (MI), the heart repairs itself via a fibrotic repair response. The degree of fibrosis is determined by the balance between deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated fibroblasts and breakdown of nascent scar tissue by proteases that are secreted predominantly by inflammatory cells. Excessive proteolytic activity and matrix turnover has been observed in human heart failure, and protease inhibitors in the injured heart regulate matrix breakdown. Serine protease inhibitors (Serpins) represent the largest and the most functionally diverse family of evolutionary conserved protease inhibitors, and levels of the specific Serpin, SerpinA3, have been strongly associated with clinical outcomes in human MI as well as non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Yet, the role of Serpins in regulating cardiac remodelling is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to understand the role of Serpins in regulating scar formation after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a SerpinA3n conditional knockout mice model, we observed the robust expression of Serpins in the infarcted murine heart and demonstrate that genetic deletion of SerpinA3n (mouse homologue of SerpinA3) leads to increased activity of substrate proteases, poorly compacted matrix, and significantly worse post-infarct cardiac function. Single-cell transcriptomics complemented with histology in SerpinA3n-deficient animals demonstrated increased inflammation, adverse myocyte hypertrophy, and expression of pro-hypertrophic genes. Proteomic analysis of scar tissue demonstrated decreased cross-linking of ECM peptides consistent with increased proteolysis in SerpinA3n-deficient animals. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates a hitherto unappreciated causal role of Serpins in regulating matrix function and post-infarct cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihao Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Rimao Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Bo Tao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Baiming Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Juan F Alvarez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Feiyang Ma
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David Ceja Galindo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sean P Maroney
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Anthony J Saviola
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kirk C Hansen
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
| | - Arjun Deb
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Theme, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research, University of California, 615 Charles E Young Drive S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, 610 Charles E Young Dr S, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, 570 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, California, 90095 CA, USA
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4
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Chen X, Zhao J, Yue S, Li Z, Duan X, Lin Y, Yang Y, He J, Gao L, Pan Z, Yang X, Su X, Huang M, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Li Z, Hu L, Tang J, Hao Y, Tian Q, Wang Y, Xu L, Huang Q, Cao Y, Chen Y, Zhu B, Li Y, Bai F, Zhang G, Ye L. An oncolytic virus delivering tumor-irrelevant bystander T cell epitopes induces anti-tumor immunity and potentiates cancer immunotherapy. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:1063-1081. [PMID: 38609488 PMCID: PMC11286533 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tumor-specific T cells are crucial in anti-tumor immunity and act as targets for cancer immunotherapies. However, these cells are numerically scarce and functionally exhausted in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to inefficacious immunotherapies in most patients with cancer. By contrast, emerging evidence suggested that tumor-irrelevant bystander T (TBYS) cells are abundant and preserve functional memory properties in the TME. To leverage TBYS cells in the TME to eliminate tumor cells, we engineered oncolytic virus (OV) encoding TBYS epitopes (OV-BYTE) to redirect the antigen specificity of tumor cells to pre-existing TBYS cells, leading to effective tumor inhibition in multiple preclinical models. Mechanistically, OV-BYTE induced epitope spreading of tumor antigens to elicit more diverse tumor-specific T cell responses. Remarkably, the OV-BYTE strategy targeting human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific T cell memory efficiently inhibited tumor progression in a human tumor cell-derived xenograft model, providing important insights into the improvement of cancer immunotherapies in a large population with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection or coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- Institute of Immunological Innovation and Translation, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Yue
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Center, Daping Hospital and Army Medical Center of PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Li
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Duan
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, MOE Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjian He
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leiqiong Gao
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiwei Pan
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxing Su
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Min Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhirong Li
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxing Hao
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Tian
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Institute of Immunological Innovation and Translation, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qizhao Huang
- Institute of Immunological Innovation and Translation, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingjiao Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Immunotherapy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, MOE Engineering Research Center of Protein and Peptide Medicine, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, Model Animal Research Center, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Fan Bai
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Guozhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Lilin Ye
- Changping Laboratory, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Immunology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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5
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Aubert A, Jung K, Hiroyasu S, Pardo J, Granville DJ. Granzyme serine proteases in inflammation and rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2024; 20:361-376. [PMID: 38689140 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-024-01109-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Granzymes (granule-secreted enzymes) are a family of serine proteases that have been viewed as redundant cytotoxic enzymes since their discovery more than 30 years ago. Predominantly produced by cytotoxic lymphocytes and natural killer cells, granzymes are delivered into the cytoplasm of target cells through immunological synapses in cooperation with the pore-forming protein perforin. After internalization, granzymes can initiate cell death through the cleavage of intracellular substrates. However, evidence now also demonstrates the existence of non-cytotoxic, pro-inflammatory, intracellular and extracellular functions that are granzyme specific. Under pathological conditions, granzymes can be produced and secreted extracellularly by immune cells as well as by non-immune cells. Depending on the granzyme, accumulation in the extracellular milieu might contribute to inflammation, tissue injury, impaired wound healing, barrier dysfunction, osteoclastogenesis and/or autoantigen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Aubert
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sho Hiroyasu
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA); Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Paediatrics and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre; British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, Providence Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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6
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Hill BD, Zak AJ, Raja S, Bugada LF, Rizvi SM, Roslan SB, Nguyen HN, Chen J, Jiang H, Ono A, Goldstein DR, Wen F. iGATE analysis improves the interpretability of single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e172140. [PMID: 38814732 PMCID: PMC11383363 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.172140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Influenza poses a persistent health burden worldwide. To design equitable vaccines effective across all demographics, it is essential to better understand how host factors such as genetic background and aging affect the single-cell immune landscape of influenza infection. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) represents a promising technique in this pursuit, but interpreting its large, high-dimensional data remains difficult. We have developed a new analytical approach, in silico gating annotating training elucidating (iGATE), based on probabilistic support vector machine classification. By rapidly and accurately "gating" tens of millions of cells in silico into user-defined types, iGATE enabled us to track 25 canonical immune cell types in mouse lung over the course of influenza infection. Applying iGATE to study effects of host genetic background, we show that the lower survival of C57BL/6 mice compared with BALB/c was associated with a more rapid accumulation of inflammatory cell types and decreased IL-10 expression. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the most prominent effect of aging is a defective T cell response, reducing survival of aged mice. Finally, iGATE reveals that the 25 canonical immune cell types exhibited differential influenza infection susceptibility and replication permissiveness in vivo, but neither property varied with host genotype or aging. The software is available at https://github.com/UmichWenLab/iGATE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Judy Chen
- Program in Immunology
- Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Akira Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Fei Wen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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7
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Mohan N, Ayinde S, Peng H, Dutta S, Shen Y, Falkowski VM, Biel TG, Ju T, Wu WJ. Structural and functional characterization of IgG- and non-IgG-based T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1376096. [PMID: 38863707 PMCID: PMC11165055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1376096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies are a growing class of therapeutics with numerous molecules being tested in clinical trials and, currently, seven of them have received market approval. They are structurally complex and function as adaptors to redirect the cytotoxicity of T cells to kill tumor cells. T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies can be generally divided into two categories: IgG/IgG-like and non-IgG-like formats. Different formats may have different intrinsic potencies and physiochemical properties, and comprehensive studies are needed to gain a better understanding of how the differences in formats impact on structural and functional characteristics. In this study, we designed and generated bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies with IgG-like (DVD-Ig) and non-IgG (BiTE) formats. Both target the same pair of antigens (EGFR and CD3) to minimize the possible influence of targets on functional characterization. We performed a side-by-side comparison to assess differences in the physiochemical and biological properties of these two bispecific T-cell-engaging antibodies using a variety of breast and ovarian cancer cell-based functional assays to delineate the structural-functional relationships and anti-tumor activities/potency. We found that the Fc portion of T-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies can significantly impact antigen binding activity, potency, and stability in addition to eliciting different mechanisms of action that contribute the killing of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Mohan
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Safiat Ayinde
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hanjing Peng
- Office of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Assessment, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Shraboni Dutta
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Yi Shen
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Vincent M. Falkowski
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Thomas G. Biel
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Tongzhong Ju
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Wen Jin Wu
- Office of Pharmaceutical Quality Research, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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8
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Thompson R, Cao X. Reassessing granzyme B: unveiling perforin-independent versatility in immune responses and therapeutic potentials. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1392535. [PMID: 38846935 PMCID: PMC11153694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1392535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The pivotal role of Granzyme B (GzmB) in immune responses, initially tied to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells, has extended across diverse cell types and disease models. A number of studies have challenged conventional notions, revealing GzmB activity beyond apoptosis, impacting autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, cancer, and neurotoxicity. Notably, the diverse functions of GzmB unfold through Perforin-dependent and Perforin-independent mechanisms, offering clinical implications and therapeutic insights. This review underscores the multifaceted roles of GzmB, spanning immunological and pathological contexts, which call for further investigations to pave the way for innovative targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raylynn Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xuefang Cao
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland Baltimore School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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9
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Fularski P, Czarnik W, Dąbek B, Lisińska W, Radzioch E, Witkowska A, Młynarska E, Rysz J, Franczyk B. Broader Perspective on Atherosclerosis-Selected Risk Factors, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5212. [PMID: 38791250 PMCID: PMC11121693 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) stands as the leading cause of mortality worldwide. At its core lies a progressive process of atherosclerosis, influenced by multiple factors. Among them, lifestyle-related factors are highlighted, with inadequate diet being one of the foremost, alongside factors such as cigarette smoking, low physical activity, and sleep deprivation. Another substantial group of risk factors comprises comorbidities. Amongst others, conditions such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), or familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are included here. Extremely significant in the context of halting progression is counteracting the mentioned risk factors, including through treatment of the underlying disease. What is more, in recent years, there has been increasing attention paid to perceiving atherosclerosis as an inflammation-related disease. Consequently, efforts are directed towards exploring new anti-inflammatory medications to limit ASCVD progression. Simultaneously, research is underway to identify biomarkers capable of providing insights into the ongoing process of atherosclerotic plaque formation. The aim of this study is to provide a broader perspective on ASCVD, particularly focusing on its characteristics, traditional and novel treatment methods, and biomarkers that can facilitate its early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Fularski
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Witold Czarnik
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Dąbek
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Lisińska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Radzioch
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Alicja Witkowska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewelina Młynarska
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jacek Rysz
- Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Family Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
| | - Beata Franczyk
- Department of Nephrocardiology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeromskiego 113, 90-549 Lodz, Poland
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10
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Zhao X, Chen Y, Li R, Men Y, Yan K, Li Z, Cai W, He Y, Qi J. Immune Rejection Mediated by prf1 and gzmb Affects the Colonization of Fat Greenling ( Hexagrammos otakii) Spermatogonia in Heterotransplantation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5157. [PMID: 38791196 PMCID: PMC11121654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish germ cell transplantation holds great potential for conserving endangered species, improving cultured fish breeds, and exploring reproductive techniques. However, low transplantation efficiency is a common issue in heterotransplantation. This study transplanted fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii) spermatogonia into the testes of spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) to investigate factors that might affect the colonization and fixation of heterologous transplanted germ cells. Results indicated that transplanted fat greenling spermatogonia cells were successfully detected in the early transplantation phase in spotted sea bass. Their numbers gradually decreased over time, and after 10 days post-transplantation, more than 90% of the transplanted cells underwent apoptosis. Transcriptome sequencing analysis of the testes of spotted sea bass and fat greenling spermatogonia on days 1 and 10 post-transplantation revealed that this apoptosis process involved many immune-related genes and their associated signaling pathways. Acute immune rejection marker genes prf1 and gzmb were detected in the spotted sea bass testes, while immune tolerance genes lck and zap-70 were expressed in the fat greenling spermatogonia. Additionally, differential expression of prf1 and gzmb genes was screened from spotted sea bass, with experimental evidence indicating that PRF1 and GZMB protein from spotted sea bass primarily induce apoptosis in transplanted fat greenling spermatogonia via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, at the protein level. This suggests that the difficulties in heterotransplantation are primarily related to acute immune rejection, with PRF1 and GZMB playing significant roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ying Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Rui Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yu Men
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Kai Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Zibin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Wenxiu Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jie Qi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China; (X.Z.); (Y.C.); (R.L.); (Y.M.); (K.Y.); (Z.L.); (W.C.); (Y.H.)
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Aquatic Germplasm of Hainan Province, Sanya Oceanographic Institute, Ocean University of China, Sanya 572000, China
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11
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Furst A, Gill T. Exploring the role of gut microbes in spondyloarthritis: Implications for pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2024; 38:101961. [PMID: 38851970 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2024.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating host immunity, and dysregulation of this interaction is implicated in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including spondyloarthritis (SpA). This review explores microbial dysbiosis and altered metabolic function observed in various forms of SpA, such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), acute anterior uveitis (AAU), and SpA-associated gut inflammation. Studies on animal models and clinical samples highlight the association between gut microbial dysbiosis, metabolic perturbations and immune dysregulation in SpA pathogenesis. These studies have received impetus through next-generation sequencing methods, which have enabled the characterization of gut microbial composition and function, and host gene expression. Microbial/metabolomic studies have revealed potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, such as short-chain fatty acids, and tryptophan metabolites, offering insights into disease mechanisms and treatment approaches. Further studies on microbial function and its modulation of the immune response have uncovered molecular mechanisms underlying various SpA. Understanding the complex interplay between microbial community structure and function holds promise for improved diagnosis and management of SpA and other autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec Furst
- School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Tejpal Gill
- Division of Arthritis and Rheumatic Diseases, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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12
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Cigalotto L, Martinvalet D. Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1371743. [PMID: 38646541 PMCID: PMC11026543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1371743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of serine proteases, composed of five human members: GA, B, H, M and K. They were first discovered in the 1980s within cytotoxic granules released during NK cell- and T cell-mediated killing. Through their various proteolytic activities, granzymes can trigger different pathways within cells, all of which ultimately lead to the same result, cell death. Over the years, the initial consideration of granzymes as mere cytotoxic mediators has changed due to surprising findings demonstrating their expression in cells other than immune effectors as well as new intracellular and extracellular activities. Additional roles have been identified in the extracellular milieu, following granzyme escape from the immunological synapse or their release by specific cell types. Outside the cell, granzyme activities mediate extracellular matrix alteration via the degradation of matrix proteins or surface receptors. In certain contexts, these processes are essential for tissue homeostasis; in others, excessive matrix degradation and extensive cell death contribute to the onset of chronic diseases, inflammation, and autoimmunity. Here, we provide an overview of both the physiological and pathological roles of granzymes, highlighting their utility while also recognizing how their unregulated presence can trigger the development and/or worsening of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Cigalotto
- Laboratory of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxic Immunity, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute Of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Denis Martinvalet
- Laboratory of Reactive Oxygen Species and Cytotoxic Immunity, Department Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute Of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
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13
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De Rosa C, Iommelli F, De Rosa V, Ercolano G, Sodano F, Tuccillo C, Amato L, Tirino V, Ariano A, Cimmino F, di Guida G, Filosa G, di Liello A, Ciardiello D, Martinelli E, Troiani T, Napolitano S, Martini G, Ciardiello F, Papaccio F, Morgillo F, Della Corte CM. PBMCs as Tool for Identification of Novel Immunotherapy Biomarkers in Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2024; 12:809. [PMID: 38672164 PMCID: PMC11048624 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer (LC), including both non-small (NSCLC) and small (SCLC) subtypes, is currently treated with a combination of chemo- and immunotherapy. However, predictive biomarkers to identify high-risk patients are needed. Here, we explore the role of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as a tool for novel biomarkers searching. METHODS We analyzed the expression of the cGAS-STING pathway, a key DNA sensor that activates during chemotherapy, in PBMCs from LC patients divided into best responders (BR), responders (R) and non-responders (NR). The PBMCs were whole exome sequenced (WES). RESULTS PBMCs from BR and R patients of LC cohorts showed the highest levels of STING (p < 0.0001) and CXCL10 (p < 0.0001). From WES, each subject had at least 1 germline/somatic alteration in a DDR gene and the presence of more DDR gene mutations correlated with clinical responses, suggesting novel biomarker implications. Thus, we tested the effect of the pharmacological DDR inhibitor (DDRi) in PBMCs and in three-dimensional spheroid co-culture of PBMCs and LC cell lines; we found that DDRi strongly increased cGAS-STING expression and tumor infiltration ability of immune cells in NR and R patients. Furthermore, we performed FACS analysis of PBMCs derived from LC patients from the BR, R and NR cohorts and we found that cytotoxic T cell subpopulations displayed the highest STING expression. CONCLUSIONS cGAS-STING signaling activation in PBMCs may be a novel potential predictive biomarker for the response to immunotherapy and high levels are correlated with a better response to treatment along with an overall increased antitumor immune injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina De Rosa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Francesca Iommelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Ercolano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (F.S.)
| | - Federica Sodano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy; (G.E.); (F.S.)
| | - Concetta Tuccillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Luisa Amato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Virginia Tirino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- U.P. Diagnostica Citometrica e Mutazionale, A.O.U. Vanvitelli, Università degli Studi della Campania, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Ariano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Flora Cimmino
- Hospital “Martiri Di Villa Malta”, 84087 Sarno, Italy;
| | - Gaetano di Guida
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Gennaro Filosa
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Alessandra di Liello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Davide Ciardiello
- Division of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and Neuroendocrine Tumors, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Teresa Troiani
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Stefania Napolitano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Giulia Martini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Federica Papaccio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy;
| | - Floriana Morgillo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
| | - Carminia Maria Della Corte
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (C.D.R.); (C.T.); (L.A.); (A.A.); (G.d.G.); (G.F.); (A.d.L.); (E.M.); (T.T.); (S.N.); (G.M.); (F.C.); (F.M.)
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14
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Pedram K, Shon DJ, Tender GS, Mantuano NR, Northey JJ, Metcalf KJ, Wisnovsky SP, Riley NM, Forcina GC, Malaker SA, Kuo A, George BM, Miller CL, Casey KM, Vilches-Moure JG, Ferracane MJ, Weaver VM, Läubli H, Bertozzi CR. Design of a mucin-selective protease for targeted degradation of cancer-associated mucins. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:597-607. [PMID: 37537499 PMCID: PMC11018308 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01840-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is an emerging strategy for the elimination of classically undruggable proteins. Here, to expand the landscape of targetable substrates, we designed degraders that achieve substrate selectivity via recognition of a discrete peptide and glycan motif and achieve cell-type selectivity via antigen-driven cell-surface binding. We applied this approach to mucins, O-glycosylated proteins that drive cancer progression through biophysical and immunological mechanisms. Engineering of a bacterial mucin-selective protease yielded a variant for fusion to a cancer antigen-binding nanobody. The resulting conjugate selectively degraded mucins on cancer cells, promoted cell death in culture models of mucin-driven growth and survival, and reduced tumor growth in mouse models of breast cancer progression. This work establishes a blueprint for the development of biologics that degrade specific protein glycoforms on target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayvon Pedram
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - D Judy Shon
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gabrielle S Tender
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Natalia R Mantuano
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jason J Northey
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kevin J Metcalf
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Simon P Wisnovsky
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nicholas M Riley
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni C Forcina
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stacy A Malaker
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Angel Kuo
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Benson M George
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Ludwig Center for Cancer Stem Cell Research and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Valerie M Weaver
- Center for Bioengineering and Tissue Regeneration, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Heinz Läubli
- Cancer Immunotherapy Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Oncology, Department of Theragnostics, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
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15
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Kashani Khatib Z, Maleki A, Pourfatollah AA, Hamidieh AA, Ferdowsi S. Antileukemia Activity of Human Natural Killer Cell-Derived Nanomagic Bullets against Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res 2024; 18:123-139. [PMID: 38868808 PMCID: PMC11166499 DOI: 10.18502/ijhoscr.v18i2.15368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer is among the serious health problems of the medical world, for treatment of which severe treatments are used. However, the prognosis of cancer patients is still poor. The application of NK cell-derived exosomes (NK-Exo) is a new method for cancer immunotherapy. These nanoparticles with a size range of 30-120 nm are a small model of mother cells. In this study, the anti-tumor activity of NK-Exo and LAK-Exo (activated NK cell-derived exosome) against acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is investigated in vitro. Materials and Methods: The MACS method was performed for the separation of NK cells from the buffy coats of healthy donors, and an EXOCIBE kit was used for the isolation of NK-Exo. After treating the KG-1 cell line with different doses of NK-Exo, MTT assay, and annexin V-PE were done to evaluate cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively, and for confirmation of involved proteins, Real-Time PCR and western blotting were performed. Results: Anti-tumor activity of NK-Exo and LAK-Exo was dose- and time-dependent. Their highest activities were observed following 48 hours of incubation with 50 µg/ml exosome (p<0.0001). However, this cytotoxic activity was also seen over a short period of time with low concentrations of NK-Exo (p<0.05) and LAK-Exo (p<0.001).The cytotoxic effect of LAK-Exo on target cells was significantly higher than NK-EXO. The induction of apoptosis by different pathways was time-point dependent. Total apoptosis was 34.56% and 51.6% after 48 hours of tumor cell coculture with 50µg/ml NK-Exo and LAK-Exo, respectively. Significant expression of CASPASE3, P38, and CYTOCHROME C genes was observed in the cells treated with 50 µg/ml NK-Exo and LAK-Exo. Conclusion: Our study confirmed the antileukemia activity of NK-Exo against AML tumor cells in vitro. Therefore, NK-Exo can be considered as a promising and effective treatment for leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Kashani Khatib
- Department of Hematology, Allied Medical School, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Maleki
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Pourfatollah
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ali Hamidieh
- Department of Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Cell Therapy Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Ferdowsi
- High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran
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16
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Appiah C, Chen S, Pori AI, Retyunskiy V, Tzeng C, Zhao Y. Study of alloferon, a novel immunomodulatory antimicrobial peptide (AMP), and its analogues. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1359261. [PMID: 38434708 PMCID: PMC10904621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1359261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are widely distributed throughout the biosphere and represent a class of conserved peptide molecules with intrinsic antimicrobial properties. Their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and low risk to induce resistance have led to increased interest in AMPs as potential alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Among the AMPs, alloferon has been addressed due to its immunomodulatory properties that augment both innate and adaptive immune responses against various pathogens. Alloferon and its analogues have demonstrated pharmaceutical potential through their ability to enhance Natural Killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and stimulate interferon (IFN) synthesis in both mouse and human models. Additionally, they have shown promise in augmenting antiviral and antitumor activities in mice. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of the biological effects of alloferon and its analogues, incorporating our own research findings as well. These insights may contribute to a deeper understanding of the therapeutic potential of these novel AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Appiah
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shitian Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Afia Ibnat Pori
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Chimeng Tzeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Rodriguez-Mogeda C, van Ansenwoude CMJ, van der Molen L, Strijbis EMM, Mebius RE, de Vries HE. The role of CD56 bright NK cells in neurodegenerative disorders. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:48. [PMID: 38350967 PMCID: PMC10865604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests a potential role for natural killer (NK) cells in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, the precise function of NK cells in these diseases remains ambiguous. The existence of two NK cell subsets, CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, complicates the understanding of the contribution of NK cells in neurodegeneration as their functions within the context of neurodegenerative diseases may differ significantly. CD56bright NK cells are potent cytokine secretors and are considered more immunoregulatory and less terminally differentiated than their mostly cytotoxic CD56dim counterparts. Hence, this review focusses on NK cells, specifically on CD56bright NK cells, and their role in neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it explores the mechanisms underlying their ability to enter the central nervous system. By consolidating current knowledge, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview on the role of CD56bright NK cells in neurodegenerative diseases. Elucidating their impact on neurodegeneration may have implications for future therapeutic interventions, potentially ameliorating disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chaja M J van Ansenwoude
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart van der Molen
- IQ Health Science Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eva M M Strijbis
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Reina E Mebius
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- MS Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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18
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Ben-Eltriki M, Ahmadi AR, Nakao Y, Golla K, Lakschevitz F, Häkkinen L, Granville DJ, Kim H. Granzyme B promotes matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) release from gingival fibroblasts in a PAR1- and Erk1/2-dependent manner: A novel role in periodontal inflammation. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:94-103. [PMID: 37873693 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To gain insights into how proteases signal to connective tissues cells in the periodontium. BACKGROUND The connective tissue degradation observed in periodontitis is largely due to matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release by gingival fibroblasts. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease whose role in periodontitis is undefined. METHODS Human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained from sites with periodontal disease and healthy control sites. GzmB was quantified in the GCF ([GzmB]GCF ) by ELISA. Gingival fibroblasts (GF) were cultured in the presence or absence of recombinant GzmB. Culture supernatants were analyzed by ELISA to quantify GzmB-induced release of interstitial collagenase (MMP-1). In some experiments, cells were pre-treated with the inhibitor PD98059 to block MEK/ERK signaling. The protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) was blocked with ATAP-2 neutralizing antibody prior to GzmB stimulation. Systemic MMP-1 levels were measured in plasma from wild-type (WT) and granzyme-B-knockout (GzmB-/- ) mice. RESULTS The [GzmB]GCF in human samples was ~4-5 fold higher at sites of periodontal disease (gingivitis/periodontitis) compared to healthy control sites, suggesting an association between GzmB and localized matrix degradation. GzmB induced a ~4-5-fold increase in MMP-1 secretion by cultured fibroblasts. GzmB induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2, which was abrogated by PD98059. GzmB-induced upregulation of MMP-1 secretion was also reduced by PD98059. Blockade of PAR-1 function by ATAP-2 abrogated the increase in MMP-1 secretion by GF. Circulating MMP-1 was similar in WT and GzmB-/- mice, suggesting that GzmB's effects on MMP-1 release are not reflected systemically. CONCLUSION These data point to a novel GzmB-driven signaling pathway in fibroblasts in which MMP-1 secretion is upregulated in a PAR1- and Erk1/2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ben-Eltriki
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amir Reza Ahmadi
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yuya Nakao
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kalyan Golla
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Flavia Lakschevitz
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lari Häkkinen
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hugh Kim
- Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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19
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Thulin H, Säfholm J, Lundahl J, Jovic V, Adner M, Nilsson C. Granzyme B is elevated in esophageal biopsies from children with eosinophilic esophagitis. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:313-319. [PMID: 38374566 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated antigen-triggered inflammatory disease of the esophagus. Our aim was to investigate inflammatory responses by an ex vivo biopsy provocation-based method, stimulating biopsies with milk, wheat, and egg extracts. METHODS An experimental study was conducted on esophageal biopsies from children who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Supernatants were collected before and after stimulation of the biopsies with food extracts and analyzed for 45 different inflammatory markers. Biopsies were also stained for histological analyzes. RESULTS Study subjects included 13 controls, 9 active EoE, and 4 EoE in remission, median age 12 years. Of the 45 markers analyzed, three had significant differences between controls and patients with active EoE, Granzyme B, (GzmB), IL-1ra, and CXCL8 (p < .05). Levels of GzmB were higher, and levels of IL-1ra were lower in patients with active EoE compared with controls and EoE in remission both at baseline and after food extract stimulation. CXCL8 increased in active EoE compared with controls only after stimulation. The number of histologically detected GzmB-positive cells were significantly higher in patients with active EoE in contrast to control and EoE remission (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS The levels of the barrier-damaging protease GzmB were higher in the supernatant both before and after stimulation with food extract ex vivo in patients with active EoE. GzmB was also observed histologically in biopsies from patients with active EoE. The presence of elevated serine protease GzmB in esophageal mucosa of children with active EoE suggests a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Thulin
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Säfholm
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Lundahl
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktor Jovic
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Cytology, Karolinska University Laboratory, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Adner
- Experimental Asthma and Allergy Research, Department of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Sachs Children and Youth Hospital, Department of Pediatric Allergology and Pulmonology, South Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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20
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II T, CHAMBERS JK, NAKASHIMA K, GOTO-KOSHINO Y, UCHIDA K. Intraepithelial lymphocytes are associated with epithelial injury in feline intestinal T-cell lymphoma. J Vet Med Sci 2024; 86:101-110. [PMID: 38072403 PMCID: PMC10849855 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous study indicated that cytotoxicity of intraepithelial lymphocytes is a poor prognostic factor in feline intestinal T-cell lymphoma (FITL), but the effect of cytotoxic lymphocytes on mucosal epithelium is still unknown. Thus, we investigated the association between cytotoxic lymphocytes and mucosal epithelium in 71 cases of feline intestinal T-cell lymphoma (FITL): epithelial injury, basement membrane injury, cleaved-caspase-3 positivity of epithelial cells, and the number and Ki67 positivity of intraepithelial lymphocytes in granzyme B (GRB)+ and GRB- FITLs were evaluated. Epithelial injury score and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes in granzyme B (GRB)+ FITL were significantly higher than those of GRB- FITL (P<0.05, P<0.05), but no significant differences were found in the basement membrane injury score, the percentage of cleaved-caspase-3+ epithelial cells, and the percentage of Ki67+ intraepithelial lymphocytes. There was a significant correlation between the epithelial injury score and the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (P<0.05), but no significant correlation was observed between the epithelial injury score and Ki67+ percentage of intraepithelial lymphocytes. Because epithelial cell cleaved-caspase-3 positivity was observed in FITL, regardless of GRB expression in lymphocytes, GRB-mediated apoptosis may not contribute to epithelial injury in FITL. The association between increased number of intraepithelial lymphocytes and epithelial injury suggests that intraepithelial lymphocytes infiltration may contribute to epithelial injury in FITL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhito II
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - James K CHAMBERS
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko NAKASHIMA
- Japan Small Animal Medical Center (JSAMC), Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuko GOTO-KOSHINO
- Veterinary Medical Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki UCHIDA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Li Q, Yuan Z, Bahabayi A, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Kang R, Xu Q, Guan Z, Wang P, Liu C. Upregulation of CX3CR1 expression in circulating T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus patients as a reflection of autoimmune status through characterization of cytotoxic capacity. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111231. [PMID: 38016349 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated CX3CR1 expression in human peripheral blood T lymphocytes and their subsets, exploring changes in SLE patients and its diagnostic potential. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 31 healthy controls and 50 SLE patients were collected. RNA-Seq data from SLE patient PBMCs were used to analyze CX3CR1 expression in T cells. Flow cytometry determined CX3CR1-expressing T lymphocyte subset proportions in SLE patients and healthy controls. Subset composition and presence of GZMB, GPR56, and perforin in CX3CR1+ T lymphocytes were analyzed. T cell-clinical indicator correlations were assessed. ROC curves explored CX3CR1's diagnostic potential for SLE. RESULTS CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells exhibited higher GPR56, perforin, and GZMB expression than other T cell subsets. The proportion of CX3CR1+ was higher in TEMRA and lower in Tn and TCM. PMA activation reduced CX3CR1+ T cell proportions. Both RNA-Seq and flow cytometry revealed elevated CX3CR1+ T cell proportions in SLE patients. Significantly lower perforin+ and GPR56+ proportions were observed in CX3CR1+CD8+ T cells in SLE patients. CX3CR1+ T cells correlated with clinical indicators. CONCLUSION CX3CR1+ T cells display cytotoxic features, with heightened expression in CD8+ T cells, particularly in adult SLE patients. Increased CX3CR1 expression in SLE patient T cells suggests its potential as an adjunctive diagnostic marker for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zihang Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ayibaota Bahabayi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyue Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinzhu Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Guan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pingzhang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China; Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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22
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Póliska S, Fareh C, Lengyel A, Göczi L, Tőzsér J, Szatmari I. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of Illumina and MGI next-generation sequencing platforms using RUNX3- and ZBTB46-instructed embryonic stem cells. Front Genet 2024; 14:1275383. [PMID: 38250572 PMCID: PMC10796612 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1275383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: We have previously observed phenotypic and developmental changes upon the ectopic expression of the RUNX3 or the ZBTB46 transcription factors in mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) derived progenitors. In this study, we evaluated the gene expression profiles of the RUNX3- and the ZBTB46-instructed murine ESCs with RNA-seq testing two next-generation sequencing technologies. Methods: We compared the DNA nanoball-based DNBSEQ G400 sequencer (MGI) with the bridge-PCR-based NextSeq 500 instrument (Illumina) for RNA sequencing. Moreover, we also compared two types of MGI sequencing reagents (Standard versus Hot-massive parallel sequencing (MPS)) with the DNBSEQ G400. Results: We observed that both sequencing platforms showed comparable levels of quality, sequencing uniformity, and gene expression profiles. For example, highly overlapping RUNX3- and ZBTB46-regulated gene lists were obtained from both sequencing datasets. Moreover, we observed that the Standard and the Hot-MPS-derived RUNX3- and ZBTB46-regulated gene lists were also considerably overlapped. This transcriptome analysis also helped us to identify differently expressed genes in the presence of the transgenic RUNX3 or ZBTB46. For example, we found that Gzmb, Gzmd, Gzme, Gdf6, and Ccr7 genes were robustly upregulated upon the forced expression of Runx3; on the other hand, Gpx2, Tdpoz4, and Arg2 were induced alongside the ectopic expression of Zbtb46. Discussion: Similar gene expression profile and greatly overlapping RUNX3- and ZBTB46-regulated gene sets were detected with both DNA sequencing platforms. Our analyses demonstrate that both sequencing technologies are suitable for transcriptome profiling and target gene selection. These findings suggest that DNBSEQ G400 represents a cost-effective alternative sequencing platform for gene expression monitoring. Moreover, this analysis provides a resource for exploration of the RUNX3- and ZBTB46-dependent gene regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilárd Póliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Chahra Fareh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adél Lengyel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Loránd Göczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Tőzsér
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Istvan Szatmari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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23
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Burfeind KG, Funahashi Y, Munhall AC, Eiwaz M, Hutchens MP. Natural Killer Lymphocytes Mediate Renal Fibrosis Due to Acute Cardiorenal Syndrome. KIDNEY360 2024; 5:8-21. [PMID: 38037228 PMCID: PMC10833608 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Key Points Natural killer cells infiltrate the kidney after cardiac arrest and medial renal fibrosis Granzyme A is produced by natural killer cells and causes mesenchymal cell expansion and fibrosis in type 1 cardiorenal syndrome Background The AKI to CKD transition presents an opportunity for intervention to prevent CKD. Our laboratory developed a novel murine model of AKI-CKD transition and cardiac arrest/cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR), in which all animals develop CKD at 7 weeks. The purpose of this study was to identify potential immune drivers of fibrosis after CA/CPR. Methods Cardiac arrest was induced by potassium chloride, and mice were resuscitated with chest compressions and epinephrine. The kidney immune landscape after CA/CPR was profiled using 11-color flow cytometry analysis and immunofluorescence. Immune cell-derived mediators of fibrosis were identified by analyzing data from three previously published single-cell or single-nuclear RNA sequencing studies. NRK49F fibroblasts were treated with granzyme A (GzA) in vitro , and then cell proliferation was quantified using 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine. GzA was pharmacologically inhibited both in vitro and in vivo . Results Immune cells infiltrated the kidney after CA/CPR, consisting primarily of innate immune cells, including monocytes/macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer (NK) cells. NK cell infiltration immediately preceded mesenchymal cell expansion, which occurred starting 7 days after CA/CPR. Immune cells colocalized with mesenchymal cells, accumulating in the areas of fibrosis. Analysis of previously published single-cell or single-nuclear RNA sequencing data revealed GzA as a potential mediator of immune to mesenchymal communication. GzA administration to fibroblasts in vitro induced cell growth and proliferation. Pharmacologic blockade of GzA signaling in vivo attenuated fibrosis and improved renal function after CA/CPR. Conclusions Renal inflammation occurs during cardiorenal syndrome, which correlates with mesenchymal cell expansion. GzA, produced by NK cells, presents a novel therapeutic target to prevent the transition to CKD after AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G. Burfeind
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | | | - Mahaba Eiwaz
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
| | - Michael P. Hutchens
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, Oregon
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24
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Li X, Chen G, Wu K, Zheng H, Tian Z, Xu Z, Zhao W, Weng J, Min Y. Imaging and monitoring of granzyme B in the immune response. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1928. [PMID: 37715320 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Significant progress has been made in tumor immunotherapy that uses the human immune response to kill and remove tumor cells. However, overreactive immune response could lead to various autoimmune diseases and acute rejection. Accurate and specific monitoring of immune responses in these processes could help select appropriate therapies and regimens for the patient and could reduce the risk of side effects. Granzyme B (GzmB) is an ideal biomarker for immune response, and its peptide substrate could be coupled with fluorescent dyes or contrast agents for the synthesis of imaging probes activated by GzmB. These small molecules and nanoprobes based on PET, bioluminescence imaging, or fluorescence imaging have proved to be highly GzmB specific and accuracy. This review summarizes the design of different GzmB-responsive imaging probes and their applications in monitoring of tumor immunotherapy and overreactive immune response. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxia Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guiyuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Kecheng Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Haocheng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zuotong Tian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ze Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Weidong Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuanzeng Min
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
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25
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Daian E Silva DSO, Cox LJ, Rocha AS, Lopes-Ribeiro Á, Souza JPC, Franco GM, Prado JLC, Pereira-Santos TA, Martins ML, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Gomes-de-Pinho TM, Da Fonseca FG, Barbosa-Stancioli EF. Preclinical assessment of an anti-HTLV-1 heterologous DNA/MVA vaccine protocol expressing a multiepitope HBZ protein. Virol J 2023; 20:304. [PMID: 38115107 PMCID: PMC10731796 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02264-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with the development of several pathologies and chronic infection in humans. The inefficiency of the available treatments and the challenge in developing a protective vaccine highlight the need to produce effective immunotherapeutic tools. The HTLV-1 basic leucine zipper (bZIP) factor (HBZ) plays an important role in the HTLV-1 persistence, conferring a survival advantage to infected cells by reducing the HTLV-1 proteins expression, allowing infected cells to evade immune surveillance, and enhancing cell proliferation leading to increased proviral load. METHODS We have generated a recombinant Modified Virus Vaccinia Ankara (MVA-HBZ) and a plasmid DNA (pcDNA3.1(+)-HBZ) expressing a multiepitope protein based on peptides of HBZ to study the immunogenic potential of this viral-derived protein in BALB/c mice model. Mice were immunized in a prime-boost heterologous protocol and their splenocytes (T CD4+ and T CD8+) were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry and the humoral response was evaluated by ELISA using HBZ protein produced in prokaryotic vector as antigen. RESULTS T CD4+ and T CD8+ lymphocytes cells stimulated by HBZ-peptides (HBZ42-50 and HBZ157-176) showed polyfunctional double positive responses for TNF-α/IFN-γ, and TNF-α/IL-2. Moreover, T CD8+ cells presented a tendency in the activation of effector memory cells producing granzyme B (CD44+High/CD62L-Low), and the activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) and cytotoxic responses in immunized mice were inferred through the production of granzyme B by effector memory T cells and the expression of CD107a by CD8+ T cells. The overall data is consistent with a directive and effector recall response, which may be able to operate actively in the elimination of HTLV-1-infected cells and, consequently, in the reduction of the proviral load. Sera from immunized mice, differently from those of control animals, showed IgG-anti-HBZ production by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the potential of the HBZ multiepitope protein expressed from plasmid DNA and a poxviral vector as candidates for therapeutic vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S O Daian E Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - L J Cox
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - A S Rocha
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Á Lopes-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - J P C Souza
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - G M Franco
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J L C Prado
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - T A Pereira-Santos
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - M L Martins
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Gerência de Desenvolvimento Técnico Científico, Fundação Centro de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado de Minas Gerais - Hemominas, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - J G A Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T M Gomes-de-Pinho
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - F G Da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia de Vacinas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - E F Barbosa-Stancioli
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
- GIPH - Grupo Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas em HTLV, Interdisciplinary HTLV Research Group, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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26
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Qu X, Nie B, Zeng Y, Sun C, Li W, Li G. A peptides-based biosensor with target-triggered charge-switchable property for simple and sensitive detection of Granzyme B. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 242:115748. [PMID: 37847984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease released by natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes during immune responses, which not only plays a role in tumor diagnosis but also provides valuable guidance during tumor treatment. In this work, we have designed a charge-switching peptide to fabricate an electrochemical biosensor for quantitative analysis of GrB. Specifically, the designed zwitterionic peptide is in an electrically neutral state before activation, and a door lock structure (proline) is constructed by utilizing the selectivity of carboxypeptidase A (CPA) to the carboxy-terminus of the peptide chain. The door lock is opened when the target is present, allowing CPA to hydrolyze the peptide. At this time, the peptide will convert from neutral to positive, triggering the assembly of a positively charged peptide layer on the electrode surface, resulting in a signal change. Studies have shown that the biosensor has good analytical performance, with a detection range of 0.01 pM-8 pM and a detection limit as low as 3.5 fM. Moreover, the developed biosensor has been effectively applied to the analysis of clinical samples, demonstrating its ability to monitor tumor progression and treatment with clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Beibei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yujing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Chunxiao Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, PR China.
| | - Genxi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China; Center for Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, PR China.
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27
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Hsieh MJ, Lin JT, Chuang YC, Lin CC, Lo YS, Ho HY, Chen MK. Limocitrin increases cytotoxicity of KHYG-1 cells against K562 cells by modulating MAPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:2939-2951. [PMID: 37584500 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are gaining popularity in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a natural flavonol compound limocitrin in increasing cytotoxicity of a permanent NK leukemia cell line KHYG-1 against an aggressive leukemia cell line K562. The findings revealed that limocitrin increased the expressions of cytolytic molecules perforin, granzymes A and B, and granulysin in KHYG-1 cells by inducing phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB, leading to increased lysis of K562 cells. Mechanistically, limocitrin was found to increase the expressions of t-Bid, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP to induce K562 cell apoptosis. Moreover, limocitrin reduced the expressions of SET and Ape1 to inhibit DNA repair mechanism, leading to caspase-independent K562 cell death. At the molecular level, limocitrin was found to increase the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK to increase granzyme B expression in KHYG-1 cells. Taken together, the study indicates that limocitrin increases cytotoxicity of NK cells against a range of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsun Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Liu J, Peng H, Yu T, Huang Y, Tan N, Pang L, Wu Y, Wang L. Increased SLAMF7 +CD8 + T cells are associated with the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune pancreatitis in mice. Pancreatology 2023; 23:767-776. [PMID: 37661465 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgG4-related autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) is considered to be a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. However, CD8+ T cells have only received brief mention, and have yet to be completely studied. The study aimed to investigate the expression of signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family 7 (SLAMF7) on CD8+ T cells and the features of SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells in MRL/Mp mice with AIP. METHODS A murine model of AIP was established by intraperitoneal injection with polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) for 8 weeks. Dexamethasone treatment was daily administrated for the last 2 weeks during a 6-week course of poly I:C. SLAMF7 expression on CD8+ T cells in the spleen and pancreas was detected by flow cytometry. Granzyme B (GZMB) and cytokines including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2, were monitored in an in vitro T cell activation assay. Dexamethasone suppression assays were performed to downregulate SLAMF7 expression on T cells upon T cell receptor stimulation. RESULTS AIP in MRL/Mp mice was induced by repeated intraperitoneal administration of poly I:C and CD8+ T cells were increased in the inflamed pancreas. SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells were elevated in the spleen and pancreas of AIP mice. SLAMF7+CD8+ T subsets produced more GZMB, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-2 than SLAMF7-CD8+ T subsets. Dexamethasone treatment ameliorated pancreatic inflammatory and fibrosis of AIP. Dexamethasone could downregulate SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells and reduce GZMB, IFN-γ and TNF-α levels both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Increased SLAMF7+CD8+ T cells exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and cytokines secretion capacity, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of AIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingfeng Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanlin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Pang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongtong Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation and Department of Gastroenterology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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29
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van Eijs MJ, ter Linde JJ, Baars MJ, Amini M, Laclé MM, Brand EC, Delemarre EM, Drylewicz J, Nierkens S, Verheijden RJ, Oldenburg B, Vercoulen Y, Suijkerbuijk KP, van Wijk F. Highly multiplexed spatial analysis identifies tissue-resident memory T cells as drivers of ulcerative and immune checkpoint inhibitor colitis. iScience 2023; 26:107891. [PMID: 37766980 PMCID: PMC10520880 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colitis is a prevalent adverse event associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy with similarities to inflammatory bowel disease. Incomplete mechanistic understanding of ICI colitis curtails evidence-based treatment. Given the often-overlooked connection between tissue architecture and mucosal immune cell function, we here applied imaging mass cytometry (IMC) to gain spatial proteomic insight in ICI colitis in comparison to ulcerative colitis (UC). Using a cell segmentation pipeline that simultaneously utilizes high-resolution nuclear imaging and high-multiplexity IMC, we show that intra-epithelial CD8+ T cells are significantly more abundant (and numerically dominant) in anti-PD-1 ± anti-CTLA-4-induced colitis compared to anti-CTLA-4-induced colitis and UC. We identified activated, cycling CD8+ tissue-resident memory T(RM) cells at the lamina propria-epithelial interface as drivers of cytotoxicity in ICI colitis and UC. Moreover, we found that combined ICI-induced colitis featured highest granzyme B levels both in tissue and serum. Together, these data reinforce CD8+ TRM cells as potentially targetable drivers of ICI colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mick J.M. van Eijs
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - José J.M. ter Linde
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs J.D. Baars
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mojtaba Amini
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
- UCyTOF.nl, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Miangela M. Laclé
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco C. Brand
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline M. Delemarre
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Julia Drylewicz
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, P.O. Box 113, 3720 AC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rik J. Verheijden
- Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bas Oldenburg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Vercoulen
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
- UCyTOF.nl, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Karijn P.M. Suijkerbuijk
- Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Femke van Wijk
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA Utrecht, the Netherlands
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30
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Sandoz PA, Kuhnigk K, Szabo EK, Thunberg S, Erikson E, Sandström N, Verron Q, Brech A, Watzl C, Wagner AK, Alici E, Malmberg KJ, Uhlin M, Önfelt B. Modulation of lytic molecules restrain serial killing in γδ T lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6035. [PMID: 37758698 PMCID: PMC10533871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a pivotal role in protection against various types of infections and tumours, from early childhood on and throughout life. They consist of several subsets characterised by adaptive and innate-like functions, with Vγ9Vδ2 being the largest subset in human peripheral blood. Although these cells show signs of cytotoxicity, their modus operandi remains poorly understood. Here we explore, using live single-cell imaging, the cytotoxic functions of γδ T cells upon interactions with tumour target cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. While γδ T cell killing is dominated by degranulation, the availability of lytic molecules appears tightly regulated in time and space. In particular, the limited co-occurrence of granzyme B and perforin restrains serial killing of tumour cells by γδ T cells. Thus, our data provide new insights into the cytotoxic arsenal and functions of γδ T cells, which may guide the development of more efficient γδ T cell based adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Sandoz
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kyra Kuhnigk
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edina K Szabo
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Thunberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Erikson
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Sandström
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quentin Verron
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Brech
- Cancell, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Department for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Uhlin
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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31
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Lujan RA, Pei L, Shannon JP, Dábilla N, Dolan PT, Hickman HD. Widespread and dynamic expression of granzyme C by skin-resident antiviral T cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1236595. [PMID: 37809077 PMCID: PMC10552530 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1236595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
After recognition of cognate antigen (Ag), effector CD8+ T cells secrete serine proteases called granzymes in conjunction with perforin, allowing granzymes to enter and kill target cells. While the roles for some granzymes during antiviral immune responses are well characterized, the function of others, such as granzyme C and its human ortholog granzyme H, is still unclear. Granzyme C is constitutively expressed by mature, cytolytic innate lymphoid 1 cells (ILC1s). Whether other antiviral effector cells also produce granzyme C and whether it is continually expressed or responsive to the environment is unknown. To explore this, we analyzed granzyme C expression in different murine skin-resident antiviral lymphocytes. At steady-state, dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) expressed granzyme C while dermal γδ T cells did not. CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) generated in response to cutaneous viral infection with the poxvirus vaccinia virus (VACV) also expressed granzyme C. Both DETCs and virus-specific CD8+ TRM upregulated granzyme C upon local VACV infection. Continual Ag exposure was not required for maintained TRM expression of granzyme C, although re-encounter with cognate Ag boosted expression. Additionally, IL-15 treatment increased granzyme C expression in both DETCs and TRM. Together, our data demonstrate that granzyme C is widely expressed by antiviral T cells in the skin and that expression is responsive to both environmental stimuli and TCR engagement. These data suggest that granzyme C may have functions other than killing in tissue-resident lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon A. Lujan
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Luxin Pei
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - John P. Shannon
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Nathânia Dábilla
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Patrick T. Dolan
- Quantitative Virology and Evolution Unit, Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Heather D. Hickman
- Viral Immunity and Pathogenesis Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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Wu X, Tao M, Zhu L, Zhang T, Zhang M. Pathogenesis and current therapies for non-infectious uveitis. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1089-1106. [PMID: 36422739 PMCID: PMC10390404 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-022-00954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a disorder with various etiologies and is characterized by eye inflammation, mainly affecting people of working age. An accurate diagnosis of NIU is crucial for appropriate therapy. The aim of therapy is to improve vision, relieve ocular inflammation, prevent relapse, and avoid treatment side effects. At present, corticosteroids are the mainstay of topical or systemic therapy. However, repeated injections are required for the treatment of chronic NIU. Recently, new drug delivery systems that may ensure intraocular delivery of therapeutic drug levels have been highlighted. Furthermore, with the development of immunosuppressants and biologics, specific therapies can be selected based on the needs of each patient. Immunosuppressants used in the treatment of NIU include calcineurin inhibitors and antimetabolites. However, systemic immunosuppressive therapy itself is associated with adverse effects due to the inhibition of immune function. In patients with refractory NIU or those who cannot tolerate corticosteroids and immunosuppressors, biologics have emerged as alternative treatments. Thus, to improve the prognosis of patients with NIU, NIU should be managed with different drugs according to the response to treatment and possible side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Mengying Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Ting Zhang
- Save Sight Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2000, Australia
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Dawodu D, Sand S, Nikolouli E, Werfel T, Mommert S. The mRNA expression and secretion of granzyme B are up-regulated via the histamine H2 receptor in human CD4 + T cells. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:1525-1538. [PMID: 37470818 PMCID: PMC10499701 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granzyme B (GZMB), a serine protease with cytotoxic and immunomodulatory functions, shows elevated levels in blood plasma of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). It has been observed that GZMB expression in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is higher in lesional skin in AD than in healthy skin. Since histamine is present in high concentration in the skin of AD patients, we investigated the regulation of GZMB in human CD4+ T cells by histamine. METHODS Naïve CD4+ T cells polarized into Th2 cells, total CD4+ T cells treated with IL-4 for 72 h and CD4+ T cells isolated from healthy donors and AD patients were investigated. The cells were stimulated with histamine or with different histamine-receptor agonists. Gene expression was evaluated by RNA-Seq. GZMB mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real time PCR, whereas GZMB secretion was measured by ELISpot and ELISA. T cell degranulation was evaluated by flow cytometry using CD107a surface expression as a degranulation marker. RESULTS By RNA-Seq, we identified the up-regulation of various genes of the cytotoxic pathway, in particular of GZMB, by histamine in Th2-polarized CD4+ T cells. In Th2-polarized CD4+ T cells and in CD4+ T cells activated by IL-4 the mRNA expression of GZMB was significantly up-regulated by histamine and by histamine H2 receptor (H2R) agonists. The induction of GZMB secretion by histamine was significantly higher in CD4+ T cells from AD patients than in those from healthy donors. CD107a surface expression was up-regulated by trend in response to histamine in Th2-polarized CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION Our findings may help to elucidate novel mechanisms of the H2R and to achieve a better understanding of the role of GZMB in the pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola Dawodu
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sophie Sand
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eirini Nikolouli
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Werfel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Mommert
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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Chasman DA, Welch Schwartz R, Vazquez J, Chavarria M, Jenkins ET, Lopez GE, Tyler CT, Stanic AK, Ong IM. Proteogenomic and V(D)J Analysis of Human Decidual T Cells Highlights Unique Transcriptional Programming and Clonal Distribution. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:154-162. [PMID: 37195197 PMCID: PMC10330249 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Immunological tolerance toward the semiallogeneic fetus is one of many maternal adaptations required for a successful pregnancy. T cells are major players of the adaptive immune system and balance tolerance and protection at the maternal-fetal interface; however, their repertoire and subset programming are still poorly understood. Using emerging single-cell RNA sequencing technologies, we simultaneously obtained transcript, limited protein, and receptor repertoire at the single-cell level, from decidual and matched maternal peripheral human T cells. The decidua maintains a tissue-specific distribution of T cell subsets compared with the periphery. We find that decidual T cells maintain a unique transcriptome programming, characterized by restraint of inflammatory pathways by overexpression of negative regulators (DUSP, TNFAIP3, ZFP36) and expression of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, and LAG3 in some CD8 clusters. Finally, analyzing TCR clonotypes demonstrated decreased diversity in specific decidual T cell populations. Overall, our data demonstrate the power of multiomics analysis in revealing regulation of fetal-maternal immune coexistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Chasman
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Rene Welch Schwartz
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Jessica Vazquez
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Melina Chavarria
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Eryne T. Jenkins
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Gladys E. Lopez
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Chanel T. Tyler
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Aleksandar K. Stanic
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Irene M. Ong
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Xue J, Xu L, Zhong H, Bai M, Li X, Yao R, Wang Z, Zhao Z, Li H, Zhu H, Hu F, Su Y. Impaired regulatory function of granzyme B-producing B cells against T cell inflammatory responses in lupus mice. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:e000974. [PMID: 37500293 PMCID: PMC10387741 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, a new subtype of granzyme B (GrB)-producing Breg cells has been identified, which was proven to be involved in autoimmune disease. Our recent report demonstrated that GrB-producing Breg cells were correlated with clinical and immunological features of SLE. However, the effect of GrB-producing Breg cells in lupus mice is unclear. METHODS GrB expression in naïve and lupus mouse B cells was analysed using flow cytometry, PCR, ELISA and ELISpot assays. To study the role of GrB-producing B cells in a lupus model, GrB knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were intraperitoneally injected with monoclonal cells from the mutant mouse strain B6.C-H-2bm12 (bm12) for 2 weeks. In addition, the function of GrB-producing Breg cells in naïve and lupus mice was further explored using in vitro B cells-CD4+CD25- T cell co-culture assays with GrB blockade/KO of B cells. RESULTS B cells from the spleens of WT C57BL/6 (B6) mice could express and secret GrB (p<0.001). GrB-producing Breg cells from WT mice showed their regulatory functions on CD4+CD25- T cell. While the frequency of GrB-producing Breg cells was significantly decreased (p=0.001) in lupus mice (p<0.001). Moreover, GrB-producing Breg cells in lupus mice failed to suppress T cell-mediated proinflammatory responses, partially due to the impaired capacity of downregulating the T cell receptor-zeta chain and inducing CD4+CD25- T cell apoptosis. CONCLUSION This study further revealed the function and mechanism of GrB-producing Breg cells in regulating T cell homeostasis in lupus mice and highlighted GrB-producing Breg cells as a therapeutic target in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimeng Xue
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liling Xu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxin Bai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ranran Yao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ziye Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hongchao Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huaqun Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fanlei Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital & Beijing Key Laboratory for Rheumatism Mechanism and Immune Diagnosis (BZ0135), Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yadav B, Prasad N, Agrawal V, Agarwal V, Jain M. Lower Circulating Cytotoxic T-Cell Frequency and Higher Intragraft Granzyme-B Expression Are Associated with Inflammatory Interstitial Fibrosis and Tubular Atrophy in Renal Allograft Recipients. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1175. [PMID: 37374379 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Inflammatory interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (i-IFTA) is an inflammation in the area of tubular atrophy and fibrosis. i-IFTA is poorly associated with graft outcome and associated with infiltration of inflammatory mononuclear cells. A cytotoxic T cell is a granzyme B+CD8+CD3+ T cell, mainly secret granzyme B. Granzyme B is a serine protease that may mediate allograft injury and inflammatory interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (i-IFTA). However, there is no report identifying the association of granzyme B with i-IFTA after a long post-transplant interval. Material and Methods: In this study, we have measured the cytotoxic T-cell frequency with flow cytometry, serum and PBMCs culture supernatants granzyme-B levels with ELISA and intragraft granzyme-B mRNA transcript expression with the RT-PCR in RTRs in 30 patients with biopsy-proven i-IFTA and 10 patients with stable graft function. Result: The frequency of cytotoxic T cells (CD3+CD8+ granzyme B+) in SGF vs. i-IFTA was (27.96 ± 4.86 vs. 23.19 ± 3.85%, p = 0.011), the serum granzyme-B level was (100.82 ± 22.41 vs. 130.32 ± 46.60, p = 0.038 pg/mL) and the intragraft granzyme-B mRNA transcript expression was (1.01 ± 0.048 vs. 2.10 ± 1.02, p < 0.001 fold). The frequency of CD3+ T cells in SGF vs. i-IFTA was (66.08 ± 6.8 vs. 65.18 ± 9.35%; p = 0.68) and that of CD3+CD8+ T cells was (37.29 ± 4.11 vs. 34.68 ± 5.43%; p = 0.28), which were similar between the 2 groups. CTLc frequency was negatively correlated with urine proteinuria (r = -0.51, p < 0.001), serum creatinine (r = -0.28, p = 0.007) and eGFR (r = -0.28, p = 0.037). Similarly, the PBMC culture supernatants granzyme-B level was negatively correlated with urine proteinuria (r = -0.37, p < 0.001) and serum creatinine (r = -0.31, p = 0.002), while the serum granzyme-B level (r = 0.343, p = 0.001) and intragraft granzyme-B mRNA transcript expression (r = 0.38, p < 0.001) were positively correlated with proteinuria. Conclusions: A decrease in the CTLc frequency in circulation and an increased serum granzyme-B level and intragraft granzyme-B mRNA expression shows that cytotoxic T cells may mediate the allograft injury in RTRs with i-IFTA by releasing granzyme B in serum and intragraft tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Yadav
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Narayan Prasad
- Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Vinita Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Vikas Agarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Manoj Jain
- Department of Pathology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226014, India
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Dervovic D, Malik AA, Chen ELY, Narimatsu M, Adler N, Afiuni-Zadeh S, Krenbek D, Martinez S, Tsai R, Boucher J, Berman JM, Teng K, Ayyaz A, Lü Y, Mbamalu G, Loganathan SK, Lee J, Zhang L, Guidos C, Wrana J, Valipour A, Roux PP, Reimand J, Jackson HW, Schramek D. In vivo CRISPR screens reveal Serpinb9 and Adam2 as regulators of immune therapy response in lung cancer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3150. [PMID: 37258521 PMCID: PMC10232477 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38841-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
How the genetic landscape governs a tumor's response to immunotherapy remains poorly understood. To assess the immune-modulatory capabilities of 573 genes associated with altered cytotoxicity in human cancers, here we perform CRISPR/Cas9 screens directly in mouse lung cancer models. We recover the known immune evasion factors Stat1 and Serpinb9 and identify the cancer testis antigen Adam2 as an immune modulator, whose expression is induced by KrasG12D and further elevated by immunotherapy. Using loss- and gain-of-function experiments, we show that ADAM2 functions as an oncogene by restraining interferon and TNF cytokine signaling causing reduced presentation of tumor-associated antigens. ADAM2 also restricts expression of the immune checkpoint inhibitors PDL1, LAG3, TIGIT and TIM3 in the tumor microenvironment, which might explain why ex vivo expanded and adoptively transferred cytotoxic T-cells show enhanced cytotoxic efficacy in ADAM2 overexpressing tumors. Together, direct in vivo CRISPR/Cas9 screens can uncover genetic alterations that control responses to immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dzana Dervovic
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ahmad A Malik
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Edward L Y Chen
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Masahiro Narimatsu
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nina Adler
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Somaieh Afiuni-Zadeh
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dagmar Krenbek
- Department of Pathology and Bacteriology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastien Martinez
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ricky Tsai
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boucher
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacob M Berman
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Katie Teng
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arshad Ayyaz
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - YiQing Lü
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Geraldine Mbamalu
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sampath K Loganathan
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jongbok Lee
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Li Zhang
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cynthia Guidos
- SickKids Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Wrana
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Arschang Valipour
- Karl-Landsteiner-Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jüri Reimand
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Computational Biology Program, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hartland W Jackson
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Schramek
- Centre for Molecular and Systems Biology, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Granzyme B in Autoimmune Skin Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020388. [PMID: 36830757 PMCID: PMC9952967 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases often present with cutaneous symptoms that contribute to dysfunction, disfigurement, and in many cases, reduced quality-of-life. Unfortunately, treatment options for many autoimmune skin diseases are limited. Local and systemic corticosteroids remain the current standard-of-care but are associated with significant adverse effects. Hence, there is an unmet need for novel therapies that block molecular drivers of disease in a local and/or targeted manner. Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease with known cytotoxic activity and emerging extracellular functions, including the cleavage of cell-cell junctions, basement membranes, cell receptors, and other structural proteins. While minimal to absent in healthy skin, GzmB is markedly elevated in alopecia areata, interface dermatitis, pemphigoid disease, psoriasis, systemic sclerosis, and vitiligo. This review will discuss the role of GzmB in immunity, blistering, apoptosis, and barrier dysfunction in the context of autoimmune skin disease. GzmB plays a causal role in the development of pemphigoid disease and carries diagnostic and prognostic significance in cutaneous lupus erythematosus, vitiligo, and alopecia areata. Taken together, these data support GzmB as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune skin diseases impacted by impaired barrier function, inflammation, and/or blistering.
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Butyrate limits human natural killer cell effector function. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2715. [PMID: 36792800 PMCID: PMC9932090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29731-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota regulates chronic inflammation and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a broad spectrum of disease including autoimmunity and cancer. Microbial short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) e.g., butyrate have demonstrated immunomodulatory effects and are thought to be key mediators of the host-microbiome interaction. Here, we investigated the effect of butyrate on effector functions of blood derived human NK cells stimulated for 18 h with a combination of IL-12/IL-15, a potent mix of cytokines that drive NK cell activation. We show that butyrate has a strong anti-inflammatory effect on NK cells. NK cells cultured in the presence of butyrate expressed lower levels of activating receptors (TRAIL, NKp30, NKp44) and produced lower levels of cytokines (IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-22, granzyme B, granzyme A, perforin) in response to IL-12/IL-15. Butyrate restricted NK cell function by downregulation of mTORC1 activity, c-Myc mRNA expression and metabolism. Using a shotgun proteomic approach, we confirmed the effect of butyrate on NK cell cytokine signaling and metabolism and identified BRD2, MAT2A and EHD1 as downstream mediators of these effects. This insight into the immunomodulatory activity of butyrate on human NK cell function might help to develop new ways to limit NK cell function during chronic inflammation.
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Cancer Immunology: Impact of Radioembolization of Hepatocellular Carcinoma on Immune Response Modulation. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2023; 220:863-872. [PMID: 36752368 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.22.28800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary liver cancer and the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is increasingly recognized as having a central role in HCC carcinogenesis, with factors such as tumor and immune cell interactions, cytokines, and extracellular matrix serving key roles. Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a locoregional therapy for HCC that not only has a direct tumoricidal effect, but induces an immune response against tumor cells with subsequent immunogenic cell death. This TARE-induced tumor immunogenicity occurs through enhancement of tumor-associated antigen expression, as well as recruitment and diversification of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In addition, immunologically related biomarkers, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte count, and cytokine levels, may be useful tools to predict outcomes after TARE. Early data are promising regarding the potential synergistic benefit from treatment algorithms that combine TARE and immunotherapies, and interest is growing in the clinical application of such combinations. This review provides an overview of cancer immunology, summarizes the available data regarding the biologic effects of TARE on local and systemic immune responses, and explores the potential role of the combination of TARE and immunotherapy for HCC.
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Dean JW, Helm EY, Fu Z, Xiong L, Sun N, Oliff KN, Muehlbauer M, Avram D, Zhou L. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cell intrinsically promotes resident memory CD8 + T cell differentiation and function. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111963. [PMID: 36640340 PMCID: PMC9940759 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) regulates the differentiation and function of CD4+ T cells; however, its cell-intrinsic role in CD8+ T cells remains elusive. Herein we show that Ahr acts as a promoter of resident memory CD8+ T cell (TRM) differentiation and function. Genetic ablation of Ahr in mouse CD8+ T cells leads to increased CD127-KLRG1+ short-lived effector cells and CD44+CD62L+ T central memory cells but reduced granzyme-B-producing CD69+CD103+ TRM cells. Genome-wide analyses reveal that Ahr suppresses the circulating while promoting the resident memory core gene program. A tumor resident polyfunctional CD8+ T cell population, revealed by single-cell RNA-seq, is diminished upon Ahr deletion, compromising anti-tumor immunity. Human intestinal intraepithelial CD8+ T cells also highly express AHR that regulates in vitro TRM differentiation and granzyme B production. Collectively, these data suggest that Ahr is an important cell-intrinsic factor for CD8+ T cell immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Dean
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Eric Y Helm
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Lifeng Xiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Kristen N Oliff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Marcus Muehlbauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Dorina Avram
- Department of Immunology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
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Zheng Y, Zhao J, Shan Y, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Role of the granzyme family in rheumatoid arthritis: Current Insights and future perspectives. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1137918. [PMID: 36875082 PMCID: PMC9977805 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1137918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation that affects synovial tissues of multiple joints. Granzymes (Gzms) are serine proteases that are released into the immune synapse between cytotoxic lymphocytes and target cells. They enter target cells with the help of perforin to induce programmed cell death in inflammatory and tumor cells. Gzms may have a connection with RA. First, increased levels of Gzms have been found in the serum (GzmB), plasma (GzmA, GzmB), synovial fluid (GzmB, GzmM), and synovial tissue (GzmK) of patients with RA. Moreover, Gzms may contribute to inflammation by degrading the extracellular matrix and promoting cytokine release. They are thought to be involved in RA pathogenesis and have the potential to be used as biomarkers for RA diagnosis, although their exact role is yet to be fully elucidated. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current knowledge regarding the possible role of the granzyme family in RA, with the aim of providing a reference for future research on the mechanisms of RA and the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J Schrodi
- Center for Human Genomics and Precision Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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D’Accardo C, Porcelli G, Mangiapane LR, Modica C, Pantina VD, Roozafzay N, Di Franco S, Gaggianesi M, Veschi V, Lo Iacono M, Todaro M, Turdo A, Stassi G. Cancer cell targeting by CAR-T cells: A matter of stemness. FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 2:1055028. [PMID: 39086964 PMCID: PMC11285689 DOI: 10.3389/fmmed.2022.1055028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy represents one of the most innovative immunotherapy approaches. The encouraging results achieved by CAR-T cell therapy in hematological disorders paved the way for the employment of CAR engineered T cells in different types of solid tumors. This adoptive cell therapy represents a selective and efficacious approach to eradicate tumors through the recognition of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs). Binding of engineered CAR-T cells to TAAs provokes the release of several cytokines, granzyme, and perforin that ultimately lead to cancer cells elimination and patient's immune system boosting. Within the tumor mass a subpopulation of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), plays a crucial role in drug resistance, tumor progression, and metastasis. CAR-T cell therapy has indeed been exploited to target CSCs specific antigens as an effective strategy for tumor heterogeneity disruption. Nevertheless, a barrier to the efficacy of CAR-T cell-based therapy is represented by the poor persistence of CAR-T cells into the hostile milieu of the CSCs niche, the development of resistance to single targeting antigen, changes in tumor and T cell metabolism, and the onset of severe adverse effects. CSCs resistance is corroborated by the presence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which includes stromal cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and immune cells. The relationship between TME components and CSCs dampens the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy. To overcome this challenge, the double strategy based on the use of CAR-T cell therapy in combination with chemotherapy could be crucial to evade immunosuppressive TME. Here, we summarize challenges and limitations of CAR-T cell therapy targeting CSCs, with particular emphasis on the role of TME and T cell metabolic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina D’Accardo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaetana Porcelli
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Rosa Mangiapane
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Modica
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Davide Pantina
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Narges Roozafzay
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simone Di Franco
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Miriam Gaggianesi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Veronica Veschi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Melania Lo Iacono
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Matilde Todaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alice Turdo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giorgio Stassi
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences (DICHIRONS), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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44
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Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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45
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Aubert A, Lane M, Jung K, Granville DJ. Granzyme B as a therapeutic target: an update in 2022. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:979-993. [PMID: 36542784 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2161890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Granzyme B is a serine protease extensively studied for its implication in cytotoxic lymphocyte-mediated apoptosis. In recent years, the paradigm that the role of granzyme B is restricted to immune cell-mediated killing has been challenged as extracellular roles for the protease have emerged. While mostly absent from healthy tissues, granzyme B levels are elevated in several autoimmune and/or chronic inflammatory conditions. In the skin, its accumulation significantly impairs proper wound healing. AREAS COVERED After an overview of the current knowledge on granzyme B, a description of newly identified functions will be presented, focussing on granzyme B ability to promote cell-cell and dermal-epidermal junction disruption, extracellular matrix degradation, vascular permeabilization, and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Progress in granzyme B inhibition, as well as the use of granzyme B inhibitors for the treatment of tissue damage, will be discussed. EXPERT OPINION The absence of endogenous extracellular inhibitors renders extracellular granzyme B accumulation deleterious for the proper healing of chronic wounds due to sustained proteolytic activity. Consequently, specific granzyme B inhibitors have been developed as new therapeutic approaches. Beyond applications in wound healing, other autoimmune and/or chronic inflammatory conditions related to exacerbated granzyme B activity may also benefit from the development of these inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Aubert
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael Lane
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD) Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Burn and Wound Healing Group, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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46
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Richardson KC, Jung K, Pardo J, Turner CT, Granville DJ. Noncytotoxic Roles of Granzymes in Health and Disease. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:323-348. [PMID: 35820180 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00011.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Granzymes are serine proteases previously believed to play exclusive and somewhat redundant roles in lymphocyte-mediated target cell death. However, recent studies have challenged this paradigm. Distinct substrate profiles and functions have since emerged for each granzyme while their dysregulated proteolytic activities have been linked to diverse pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlyn C Richardson
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Karen Jung
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julian Pardo
- Fundación Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Biomedical Research Centre of Aragon (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain.,Department of Microbiology, Radiology, Pediatrics and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.,CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Christopher T Turner
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David J Granville
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), British Columbia Professional Firefighters' Wound Healing Laboratory, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zhang Q, Wang Q, Zhang LX. Granzyme B: A novel therapeutic target for treatment of atopic dermatitis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2022; 89:166-169. [PMID: 36331826 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_260_2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Granzyme B is a serine protease that can play multiple roles in intracellular and extracellular perforin-dependent or non-perforin-dependent mechanisms. Granzyme B has been found to be an important factor involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis and is increased in both skin lesions and peripheral blood of atopic dermatitis patients. In this article, we review the correlation between granzyme B and atopic dermatitis to provide a novel therapeutic targeting option for clinical treatment of the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Li-Xia Zhang
- Department of Dermatology & Venerology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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48
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Chen M, Zhou K, Dai SY, Tadepalli S, Balakrishnan PB, Xie J, Rami FEI, Dai T, Cui L, Idoyaga J, Rao J. In vivo bioluminescence imaging of granzyme B activity in tumor response to cancer immunotherapy. Cell Chem Biol 2022; 29:1556-1567.e6. [PMID: 36103874 PMCID: PMC9588750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the treatment of cancer, but only a small subset of patients benefits from this new treatment regime. Imaging tools are useful for early detection of tumor response to immunotherapy and probing the dynamic and complex immune system. Here, we report a bioluminescence probe (GBLI-2) for non-invasive, real-time, longitudinal imaging of granzyme B activity in tumors receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. GBLI-2 is made of the mouse granzyme B tetrapeptide IEFD substrate conjugated to D-luciferin through a self-immolative group. GBLI-2 was evaluated for imaging the dynamics of the granzyme B activity and predicting therapeutic efficacy in a syngeneic mouse model of CT26 murine colorectal carcinoma. The GBLI-2 signal correlated with the change in the population of PD-1- and granzyme B-expressing CD8+ T cells in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kaixiang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sheng-Yao Dai
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sirimuvva Tadepalli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Preethi Bala Balakrishnan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jinghang Xie
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Fadi E I Rami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tingting Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liyang Cui
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Juliana Idoyaga
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Zuo H, Wan Y. Inhibition of myeloid PD-L1 suppresses osteoclastogenesis and cancer bone metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1342-1354. [PMID: 35256753 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is predominantly expressed in the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that are originated and are abundant in the bone marrow. The roles of PD-L1 in bone cell differentiation and cancer bone metastasis remain unclear. Here we show that PD-L1 antibody or PD-L1 conditional knockout in the hematopoietic or myeloid lineage suppresses osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo. Bone metastases of breast cancer and melanoma are diminished by PD-L1 antibody or PD-L1 deletion in the myeloid lineage. Transcriptional profiling of bone marrow cells reveals that PD-L1 deletion in the myeloid cells upregulates immune-stimulatory genes, leading to increased macrophage M1 polarization, decreased M2 polarization, enhanced IFNγ signaling, and elevated T cell recruitment and activation. All these alterations result in heightened anti-tumor immunity in the cancer microenvironment. Our findings support PD-L1 antibody as a potent therapy for bone metastasis of breast cancer and melanoma by simultaneously suppressing osteoclast and enhancing immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA.
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50
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Dubchak E, Obasanmi G, Zeglinski MR, Granville DJ, Yeung SN, Matsubara JA. Potential role of extracellular granzyme B in wet age-related macular degeneration and fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:980742. [PMID: 36204224 PMCID: PMC9531149 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.980742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related ocular diseases are the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and constitute a sizable socioeconomic burden worldwide. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) are some of the most common age-related diseases of the retina and cornea, respectively. AMD is characterized by a breakdown of the retinal pigment epithelial monolayer, which maintains retinal homeostasis, leading to retinal degeneration, while FECD is characterized by degeneration of the corneal endothelial monolayer, which maintains corneal hydration status, leading to corneal edema. Both AMD and FECD pathogenesis are characterized by disorganized local extracellular matrix (ECM) and toxic protein deposits, with both processes linked to aberrant protease activity. Granzyme B (GrB) is a serine protease traditionally known for immune-mediated initiation of apoptosis; however, it is now recognized that GrB is expressed by a variety of immune and non-immune cells and aberrant extracellular localization of GrB substantially contributes to various age-related pathologies through dysregulated cleavage of ECM, tight junction, and adherens junction proteins. Despite growing recognition of GrB involvement in multiple age-related pathologies, its role in AMD and FECD remains poorly understood. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of, and similarities between AMD and FECD, outlines the current knowledge of the role of GrB in AMD and FECD, as well as hypothesizes putative contributions of GrB to AMD and FECD pathogenesis and highlights the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically inhibiting GrB as an adjunctive treatment for AMD and FECD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Dubchak
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gideon Obasanmi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew R. Zeglinski
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - David J. Granville
- ICORD Centre and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, UBC, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sonia N. Yeung
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia (UBC), Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joanne A. Matsubara,
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