1
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McFarlan AR, Guo C, Gomez I, Weinerman C, Liang TA, Sjöström PJ. The spike-timing-dependent plasticity of VIP interneurons in motor cortex. Front Cell Neurosci 2024; 18:1389094. [PMID: 38706517 PMCID: PMC11066220 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2024.1389094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The plasticity of inhibitory interneurons (INs) plays an important role in the organization and maintenance of cortical microcircuits. Given the many different IN types, there is an even greater diversity in synapse-type-specific plasticity learning rules at excitatory to excitatory (E→I), I→E, and I→I synapses. I→I synapses play a key disinhibitory role in cortical circuits. Because they typically target other INs, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) INs are often featured in I→I→E disinhibition, which upregulates activity in nearby excitatory neurons. VIP IN dysregulation may thus lead to neuropathologies such as epilepsy. In spite of the important activity regulatory role of VIP INs, their long-term plasticity has not been described. Therefore, we characterized the phenomenology of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) at inputs and outputs of genetically defined VIP INs. Using a combination of whole-cell recording, 2-photon microscopy, and optogenetics, we explored I→I STDP at layer 2/3 (L2/3) VIP IN outputs onto L5 Martinotti cells (MCs) and basket cells (BCs). We found that VIP IN→MC synapses underwent causal long-term depression (LTD) that was presynaptically expressed. VIP IN→BC connections, however, did not undergo any detectable plasticity. Conversely, using extracellular stimulation, we explored E→I STDP at inputs to VIP INs which revealed long-term potentiation (LTP) for both causal and acausal timings. Taken together, our results demonstrate that VIP INs possess synapse-type-specific learning rules at their inputs and outputs. This suggests the possibility of harnessing VIP IN long-term plasticity to control activity-related neuropathologies such as epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R. McFarlan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Connie Guo
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabella Gomez
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chaim Weinerman
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Tasha A. Liang
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P. Jesper Sjöström
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, BRaIN Program, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Mori K, Sakano H. Circuit formation and sensory perception in the mouse olfactory system. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1342576. [PMID: 38434487 PMCID: PMC10904487 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1342576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the mouse olfactory system, odor information is converted to a topographic map of activated glomeruli in the olfactory bulb (OB). Although the arrangement of glomeruli is genetically determined, the glomerular structure is plastic and can be modified by environmental stimuli. If the pups are exposed to a particular odorant, responding glomeruli become larger recruiting the dendrites of connecting projection neurons and interneurons. This imprinting not only increases the sensitivity to the exposed odor, but also imposes the positive quality on imprinted memory. External odor information represented as an odor map in the OB is transmitted to the olfactory cortex (OC) and amygdala for decision making to elicit emotional and behavioral outputs using two distinct neural pathways, innate and learned. Innate olfactory circuits start to work right after birth, whereas learned circuits become functional later on. In this paper, the recent progress will be summarized in the study of olfactory circuit formation and odor perception in mice. We will also propose new hypotheses on the timing and gating of olfactory circuit activity in relation to the respiration cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Brain Function, School of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Matsuoka, Japan
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3
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Kumar M, Handy G, Kouvaros S, Zhao Y, Brinson LL, Wei E, Bizup B, Doiron B, Tzounopoulos T. Cell-type-specific plasticity of inhibitory interneurons in the rehabilitation of auditory cortex after peripheral damage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4170. [PMID: 37443148 PMCID: PMC10345144 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39732-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral sensory organ damage leads to compensatory cortical plasticity that is associated with a remarkable recovery of cortical responses to sound. The precise mechanisms that explain how this plasticity is implemented and distributed over a diverse collection of excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons remain unknown. After noise trauma and persistent peripheral deficits, we found recovered sound-evoked activity in mouse A1 excitatory principal neurons (PNs), parvalbumin- and vasoactive intestinal peptide-expressing neurons (PVs and VIPs), but reduced activity in somatostatin-expressing neurons (SOMs). This cell-type-specific recovery was also associated with cell-type-specific intrinsic plasticity. These findings, along with our computational modelling results, are consistent with the notion that PV plasticity contributes to PN stability, SOM plasticity allows for increased PN and PV activity, and VIP plasticity enables PN and PV recovery by inhibiting SOMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
| | - Gregory Handy
- Departments of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Stylianos Kouvaros
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Yanjun Zhao
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Lovisa Ljungqvist Brinson
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Eric Wei
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brandon Bizup
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Brent Doiron
- Departments of Neurobiology and Statistics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Thanos Tzounopoulos
- Pittsburgh Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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4
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Martinez JD, Donnelly MJ, Popke DS, Torres D, Wilson LG, Brancaleone WP, Sheskey S, Lin CM, Clawson BC, Jiang S, Aton SJ. Enriched binocular experience followed by sleep optimally restores binocular visual cortical responses in a mouse model of amblyopia. Commun Biol 2023; 6:408. [PMID: 37055505 PMCID: PMC10102075 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04798-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies of primary visual cortex have furthered our understanding of amblyopia, long-lasting visual impairment caused by imbalanced input from the two eyes during childhood, which is commonly treated by patching the dominant eye. However, the relative impacts of monocular vs. binocular visual experiences on recovery from amblyopia are unclear. Moreover, while sleep promotes visual cortex plasticity following loss of input from one eye, its role in recovering binocular visual function is unknown. Using monocular deprivation in juvenile male mice to model amblyopia, we compared recovery of cortical neurons' visual responses after identical-duration, identical-quality binocular or monocular visual experiences. We demonstrate that binocular experience is quantitatively superior in restoring binocular responses in visual cortex neurons. However, this recovery was seen only in freely-sleeping mice; post-experience sleep deprivation prevented functional recovery. Thus, both binocular visual experience and subsequent sleep help to optimally renormalize bV1 responses in a mouse model of amblyopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy D Martinez
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marcus J Donnelly
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Donald S Popke
- Undergraduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel Torres
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lydia G Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Sarah Sheskey
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Cheng-Mao Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Brittany C Clawson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sha Jiang
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sara J Aton
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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5
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McFarlan AR, Chou CYC, Watanabe A, Cherepacha N, Haddad M, Owens H, Sjöström PJ. The plasticitome of cortical interneurons. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:80-97. [PMID: 36585520 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hebb postulated that, to store information in the brain, assemblies of excitatory neurons coding for a percept are bound together via associative long-term synaptic plasticity. In this view, it is unclear what role, if any, is carried out by inhibitory interneurons. Indeed, some have argued that inhibitory interneurons are not plastic. Yet numerous recent studies have demonstrated that, similar to excitatory neurons, inhibitory interneurons also undergo long-term plasticity. Here, we discuss the many diverse forms of long-term plasticity that are found at inputs to and outputs from several types of cortical inhibitory interneuron, including their plasticity of intrinsic excitability and their homeostatic plasticity. We explain key plasticity terminology, highlight key interneuron plasticity mechanisms, extract overarching principles and point out implications for healthy brain functionality as well as for neuropathology. We introduce the concept of the plasticitome - the synaptic plasticity counterpart to the genome or the connectome - as well as nomenclature and definitions for dealing with this rich diversity of plasticity. We argue that the great diversity of interneuron plasticity rules is best understood at the circuit level, for example as a way of elucidating how the credit-assignment problem is solved in deep biological neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R McFarlan
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christina Y C Chou
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Airi Watanabe
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Nicole Cherepacha
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Maria Haddad
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hannah Owens
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - P Jesper Sjöström
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience, Department of Medicine, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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6
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Miyazaki T, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Component-Specific Reduction in Perineuronal Nets in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Strains. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
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7
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Kolatt Chandran S, Yiannakas A, Kayyal H, Salalha R, Cruciani F, Mizrahi L, Khamaisy M, Stern S, Rosenblum K. Intrinsic Excitability in Layer IV-VI Anterior Insula to Basolateral Amygdala Projection Neurons Correlates with the Confidence of Taste Valence Encoding. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0302-22.2022. [PMID: 36635250 PMCID: PMC9850927 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0302-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoiding potentially harmful, and consuming safe food is crucial for the survival of living organisms. However, the perceived valence of sensory information can change following conflicting experiences. Pleasurability and aversiveness are two crucial parameters defining the perceived valence of a taste and can be impacted by novelty. Importantly, the ability of a given taste to serve as the conditioned stimulus (CS) in conditioned taste aversion (CTA) is dependent on its valence. Activity in anterior insula (aIC) Layer IV-VI pyramidal neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is correlated with and necessary for CTA learning and retrieval, as well as the expression of neophobia toward novel tastants, but not learning taste familiarity. Yet, the cellular mechanisms underlying the updating of taste valence representation in this specific pathway are poorly understood. Here, using retrograde viral tracing and whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in trained mice, we demonstrate that the intrinsic properties of deep-lying Layer IV-VI, but not superficial Layer I-III aIC-BLA neurons, are differentially modulated by both novelty and valence, reflecting the subjective predictability of taste valence arising from prior experience. These correlative changes in the profile of intrinsic properties of LIV-VI aIC-BLA neurons were detectable following both simple taste experiences, as well as following memory retrieval, extinction learning, and reinstatement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adonis Yiannakas
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Haneen Kayyal
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Randa Salalha
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Federica Cruciani
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Liron Mizrahi
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Mohammad Khamaisy
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Shani Stern
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Kobi Rosenblum
- Sagol Department of Neurobiology, University of Haifa, Abba Khoushy Ave 199, Haifa, 3498838, Israel
- Center for Gene Manipulation in the Brain, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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8
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Cang J, Fu J, Tanabe S. Neural circuits for binocular vision: Ocular dominance, interocular matching, and disparity selectivity. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1084027. [PMID: 36874946 PMCID: PMC9975354 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1084027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The brain creates a single visual percept of the world with inputs from two eyes. This means that downstream structures must integrate information from the two eyes coherently. Not only does the brain meet this challenge effortlessly, it also uses small differences between the two eyes' inputs, i.e., binocular disparity, to construct depth information in a perceptual process called stereopsis. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of the neural circuits underlying stereoscopic vision and its development. Here, we review these advances in the context of three binocular properties that have been most commonly studied for visual cortical neurons: ocular dominance of response magnitude, interocular matching of orientation preference, and response selectivity for binocular disparity. By focusing mostly on mouse studies, as well as recent studies using ferrets and tree shrews, we highlight unresolved controversies and significant knowledge gaps regarding the neural circuits underlying binocular vision. We note that in most ocular dominance studies, only monocular stimulations are used, which could lead to a mischaracterization of binocularity. On the other hand, much remains unknown regarding the circuit basis of interocular matching and disparity selectivity and its development. We conclude by outlining opportunities for future studies on the neural circuits and functional development of binocular integration in the early visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Cang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Jieming Fu
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Seiji Tanabe
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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9
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Rindner DJ, Proddutur A, Lur G. Cell-type-specific integration of feedforward and feedback synaptic inputs in the posterior parietal cortex. Neuron 2022; 110:3760-3773.e5. [PMID: 36087582 PMCID: PMC9671855 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The integration of feedforward (sensory) and feedback (top-down) neuronal signals is a principal function of the neocortex. Yet, we have limited insight into how these information streams are combined by individual neurons. Using a two-color optogenetic strategy, we found that layer 5 pyramidal neurons in the posterior parietal cortex receive monosynaptic dual innervation, combining sensory inputs with top-down signals. Subclasses of layer 5 pyramidal neurons integrated these synapses with distinct temporal dynamics. Specifically, regular spiking cells exhibited supralinear enhancement of delayed-but not coincident-inputs, while intrinsic burst-firing neurons selectively boosted coincident synaptic events. These subthreshold integration characteristics translated to a nonlinear summation of action potential firing. Complementing electrophysiology with computational modeling, we found that distinct integration profiles arose from a cell-type-specific interaction of ionic mechanisms and feedforward inhibition. These data provide insight into the cellular properties that guide the nonlinear interaction of distinct long-range afferents in the neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Rindner
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1215 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Archana Proddutur
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1215 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Gyorgy Lur
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, 1215 McGaugh Hall, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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10
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Ueno H, Takahashi Y, Murakami S, Wani K, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto M, Ishihara T. Fingolimod increases parvalbumin-positive neurons in adult mice. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:96-106. [PMID: 36590091 PMCID: PMC9795291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been shown that central nervous system agents, such as antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs, reopen a critical period in mature animals. Fingolimod, which is used for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, also restores neuroplasticity. In this study, we investigated the effects of parvalbumin (PV)-positive neurons and perineuronal nets (PNN) on fingolimod administration with respect to neuroplasticity. Fingolimod was chronically administered intraperitoneally to mature mice. PV-positive neurons and PNN in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex were analyzed. An increase in PV-positive neurons was observed in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and somatosensory cortex of the fingolimod-treated mice. An increase in Wisteria floribunda agglutinin-positive PNN was confirmed in mice treated with fingolimod in the somatosensory cortex only. Fingolimod increased the density of PV-positive neurons in the brains of mature mice. The results indicate that fingolimod may change the critical period in mature animals.
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Key Words
- CNS, central nervous system
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Fingolimod
- GAD67, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase
- GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein
- Hippocampus
- IL, infralimbic cortex
- NIH, National Institutes of Health, PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PL, prelimbic cortex
- PNN, perineuronal net
- PV neurons, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons
- Parvalbumin
- Perineuronal nets
- Prefrontal cortex
- Somatosensory cortex
- WFA, Wisteria floribunda agglutinin
- dAC, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ueno
- Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, Kurashiki 701–0193, Japan,Correspondence to: Department of Medical Technology, Kawasaki University of Medical Welfare, 288 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701–0193, Japan, 193.
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Murakami
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Kenta Wani
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
| | - Yosuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700–8558, Japan
| | - Motoi Okamoto
- Department of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700–8558, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki 701–0192, Japan
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11
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Malik A, Eldaly ABM, Chen K, Chan LLH. Neuronal Oscillatory Signatures in the Developing Mouse Visual Cortex After Short-Term Monocular Deprivation. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:2657-2667. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Development and maturation in cortical networks depend on neuronal activity. For stabilization and pruning of connections, synchronized oscillations play a crucial role. A fundamental mechanism that enables coordinated activity during brain functioning is formed of synchronized neuronal oscillations in low- (delta and theta) and high- (gamma) frequency bands. The relationship between neural synchrony, cognition, and the perceptual process has been widely studied, but any possible role of neural synchrony in amblyopia has been less explored. We hypothesized that monocular deprivation (MD) during early postnatal life would lead to changes in neuronal activity that would be demonstrated by changes in phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) and altered power in specific oscillatory frequency. Our results demonstrate that functional connectivity in the visual cortex is altered by MD during adolescence. The amplitude of high-frequency oscillations is modulated by the phase of low-frequency oscillations. Demonstration of enhanced delta–gamma and theta–gamma PAC indicates that our results are relevant for a broad range of nested oscillatory markers. These markers are inherent to neuronal processing and are consistent with the hypothesized increase in the intrinsic coupling that arises from neural oscillatory phase alignment. Our results reveal distinct frequency bands exhibit altered power and coherence variations modulated by experience-driven plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Malik
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Abdelrahman B M Eldaly
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Electrical Engineering Department , Faculty of Engineering, Minia University, Minia 61517, Egypt
| | - Ke Chen
- Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital , School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Leanne Lai-Hang Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering , City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Center for Biosystems , Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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12
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Renouard L, Hayworth C, Rempe M, Clegern W, Wisor J, Frank MG. REM sleep promotes bidirectional plasticity in developing visual cortex in vivo. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2022; 12:100076. [PMID: 35592144 PMCID: PMC9112011 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2022.100076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is required for the full expression of plasticity during the visual critical period (CP). However, the precise role of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep in this process is undetermined. Previous studies in rodents indicate that REM sleep weakens cortical circuits following MD, but this has been explored in only one class of cortical neuron (layer 5 apical dendrites). We investigated the role of REM sleep in ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) in layer 2/3 neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging in awake CP mice. In contrast to findings in layer 5 neurons, we find that REM sleep promotes changes consistent with synaptic strengthening and weakening. This supports recent suggestions that the effects of sleep on plasticity are highly dependent upon the type of circuit and preceding waking experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Renouard
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, HSB 280M, Spokane, WA, 99223, USA
| | - Christopher Hayworth
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, HSB 280M, Spokane, WA, 99223, USA
| | - Michael Rempe
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, HSB 280M, Spokane, WA, 99223, USA
| | - Will Clegern
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, HSB 280M, Spokane, WA, 99223, USA
| | - Jonathan Wisor
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, HSB 280M, Spokane, WA, 99223, USA
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, HSB 280M, Spokane, WA, 99223, USA
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13
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Poort J, Wilmes KA, Blot A, Chadwick A, Sahani M, Clopath C, Mrsic-Flogel TD, Hofer SB, Khan AG. Learning and attention increase visual response selectivity through distinct mechanisms. Neuron 2022; 110:686-697.e6. [PMID: 34906356 PMCID: PMC8860382 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Selectivity of cortical neurons for sensory stimuli can increase across days as animals learn their behavioral relevance and across seconds when animals switch attention. While both phenomena occur in the same circuit, it is unknown whether they rely on similar mechanisms. We imaged primary visual cortex as mice learned a visual discrimination task and subsequently performed an attention switching task. Selectivity changes due to learning and attention were uncorrelated in individual neurons. Selectivity increases after learning mainly arose from selective suppression of responses to one of the stimuli but from selective enhancement and suppression during attention. Learning and attention differentially affected interactions between excitatory and PV, SOM, and VIP inhibitory cells. Circuit modeling revealed that cell class-specific top-down inputs best explained attentional modulation, while reorganization of local functional connectivity accounted for learning-related changes. Thus, distinct mechanisms underlie increased discriminability of relevant sensory stimuli across longer and shorter timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Poort
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | | | - Antonin Blot
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London, UK
| | - Angus Chadwick
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maneesh Sahani
- Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Thomas D Mrsic-Flogel
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sonja B Hofer
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behavior, University College London, London, UK
| | - Adil G Khan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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14
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PV network plasticity mediated by neuregulin1-ErbB4 signalling controls fear extinction. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:896-906. [PMID: 34697452 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is essential for fear extinction, the process of which forms the basis of the general therapeutic process used to treat human fear disorders. However, the underlying molecules and local circuit elements controlling neuronal activity and concomitant induction of plasticity remain unclear. Here we show that sustained plasticity of the parvalbumin (PV) neuronal network in the infralimbic (IL) mPFC is required for fear extinction in adult male mice and identify the involvement of neuregulin 1-ErbB4 signalling in PV network plasticity-mediated fear extinction. Moreover, regulation of fear extinction by basal medial amygdala (BMA)-projecting IL neurons is dependent on PV network configuration. Together, these results uncover the local molecular circuit mechanisms underlying mPFC-mediated top-down control of fear extinction, suggesting alterative therapeutic approaches to treat fear disorders.
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15
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An increase in dendritic plateau potentials is associated with experience-dependent cortical map reorganization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2024920118. [PMID: 33619110 PMCID: PMC7936269 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024920118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a mechanism for cortical map plasticity. Classically, representational map changes are thought to be driven by changes within cortico-cortical circuits, e.g., Hebbian plasticity of synaptic circuits that lost vs. maintained an excitatory drive from the first-order thalamus, possibly steered by neuromodulatory forces from deep brain regions. Our work provides evidence for an additional gating mechanism, provided by plateau potentials, which are driven by higher-order thalamic feedback. Higher-order thalamic neurons are characterized by broad receptive fields, and the plateau potentials that they evoke strongly facilitate long-term potentiation and elicit spikes. We show that these features combined constitute a powerful driving force for the fusion or expansion of sensory representations within cortical maps. The organization of sensory maps in the cerebral cortex depends on experience, which drives homeostatic and long-term synaptic plasticity of cortico-cortical circuits. In the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) afferents from the higher-order, posterior medial thalamic nucleus (POm) gate synaptic plasticity in layer (L) 2/3 pyramidal neurons via disinhibition and the production of dendritic plateau potentials. Here we address whether these thalamocortically mediated responses play a role in whisker map plasticity in S1. We find that trimming all but two whiskers causes a partial fusion of the representations of the two spared whiskers, concomitantly with an increase in the occurrence of POm-driven N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent plateau potentials. Blocking the plateau potentials restores the archetypical organization of the sensory map. Our results reveal a mechanism for experience-dependent cortical map plasticity in which higher-order thalamocortically mediated plateau potentials facilitate the fusion of normally segregated cortical representations.
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16
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Aronitz EM, Kamermans BA, Duffy KR. Development of parvalbumin neurons and perineuronal nets in the visual cortex of normal and dark-exposed cats. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2827-2841. [PMID: 33576496 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During development, the visual system maintains a high capacity for modification by expressing characteristics permissive for plasticity, enabling neural circuits to be refined by visual experience to achieve their mature form. This period is followed by the emergence of characteristics that stabilize the brain to consolidate for lifetime connections that were informed by experience. Attenuation of plasticity potential is thought to derive from an accumulation of plasticity-inhibiting characteristics that appear at ages beyond the peak of plasticity. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are molecular aggregations that primarily surround fast-spiking inhibitory neurons called parvalbumin (PV) cells, which exhibit properties congruent with a plasticity inhibitor. In this study, we examined the development of PNNs and PV cells in the primary visual cortex of a highly visual mammal, and assessed the impact that 10 days of darkness had on both characteristics. Here, we show that labeling for PV expression emerges earlier and reaches adult levels sooner than PNNs. We also demonstrate that darkness, a condition known to enhance plasticity, significantly reduces the density of PNNs and the size of PV cell somata but does not alter the number of PV cells in the visual cortex. The darkness-induced reduction of PV cell size occurred irrespective of whether neurons were surrounded by a PNN, suggesting that PNNs have a restricted capacity to inhibit plasticity. Finally, we show that PV cells surrounded by a PNN were significantly larger than those without one, supporting the view that PNNs may mediate trophic support to the cells they surround.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Aronitz
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Braden A Kamermans
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Kevin R Duffy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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17
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He X, Li J, Zhou G, Yang J, McKenzie S, Li Y, Li W, Yu J, Wang Y, Qu J, Wu Z, Hu H, Duan S, Ma H. Gating of hippocampal rhythms and memory by synaptic plasticity in inhibitory interneurons. Neuron 2021; 109:1013-1028.e9. [PMID: 33548174 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mental experiences can become long-term memories if the hippocampal activity patterns that encode them are broadcast during network oscillations. The activity of inhibitory neurons is essential for generating these neural oscillations, but molecular control of this dynamic process during learning remains unknown. Here, we show that hippocampal oscillatory strength positively correlates with excitatory monosynaptic drive onto inhibitory neurons (E→I) in freely behaving mice. To establish a causal relationship between them, we identified γCaMKII as the long-sought mediator of long-term potentiation for E→I synapses (LTPE→I), which enabled the genetic manipulation of experience-dependent E→I synaptic input/plasticity. Deleting γCaMKII in parvalbumin interneurons selectively eliminated LTPE→I and disrupted experience-driven strengthening in theta and gamma rhythmicity. Behaviorally, this manipulation impaired long-term memory, for which the kinase activity of γCaMKII was required. Taken together, our data suggest that E→I synaptic plasticity, exemplified by LTPE→I, plays a gatekeeping role in tuning experience-dependent brain rhythms and mnemonic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhi He
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Guangjun Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Sam McKenzie
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Yanjun Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenwen Li
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Qu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiying Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hailan Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Shumin Duan
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Research Units for Emotion and Emotion Disorders, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.
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18
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Ruden JB, Dugan LL, Konradi C. Parvalbumin interneuron vulnerability and brain disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology 2021; 46:279-287. [PMID: 32722660 PMCID: PMC7852528 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-INs) are highly vulnerable to stressors and have been implicated in many neuro-psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, autism spectrum disorder, and bipolar disorder. We examined the literature about the current knowledge of the physiological properties of PV-INs and gathered results from diverse research areas to provide insight into their vulnerability to stressors. Among the factors that confer heightened vulnerability are the substantial energy requirements, a strong excitatory drive, and a unique developmental trajectory. Understanding these stressors and elaborating on their impact on PV-IN health is a step toward developing therapies to protect these neurons in various disease states and to retain critical brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob B Ruden
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Laura L Dugan
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christine Konradi
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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19
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Kasamatsu T, Imamura K. Ocular dominance plasticity: Molecular mechanisms revisited. J Comp Neurol 2020; 528:3039-3074. [PMID: 32737874 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ocular dominance plasticity (ODP) is a type of cortical plasticity operating in visual cortex of mammals that are endowed with binocular vision based on the competition-driven disparity. Earlier, a molecular mechanism was proposed that catecholamines play an important role in the maintenance of ODP in kittens. Having survived the initial test, the hypothesis was further advanced to identify noradrenaline (NA) as a key factor that regulates ODP in the immature cortex. Later, the ODP-promoting effect of NA is extended to the adult with age-related limitations. Following the enhanced NA availability, the chain events downstream lead to the β-adrenoreceptor-induced cAMP accumulation, which in turn activates the protein kinase A. Eventually, the protein kinase translocates to the cell nucleus to activate cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB). CREB is a cellular transcription factor that controls the transcription of various genes, underpinning neuronal plasticity and long-term memory. In the advent of molecular genetics in that various types of new tools have become available with relative ease, ODP research has lightly adopted in the rodent model the original concepts and methodologies. Here, after briefly tracing the strategic maturation of our quest, the review moves to the later development of the field, with the emphasis placed around the following issues: (a) Are we testing ODP per se? (b) What does monocular deprivation deprive of the immature cortex? (c) The critical importance of binocular competition, (d) What is the adult plasticity? (e) Excitation-Inhibition balance in local circuits, and (f) Species differences in the animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Kasamatsu
- Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Institute, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kazuyuki Imamura
- Department of Systems Life Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology, Maebashi-shi, Gunma, Japan
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20
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Liang F, Li H, Chou XL, Zhou M, Zhang NK, Xiao Z, Zhang KK, Tao HW, Zhang LI. Sparse Representation in Awake Auditory Cortex: Cell-type Dependence, Synaptic Mechanisms, Developmental Emergence, and Modulation. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:3796-3812. [PMID: 30307493 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sparse representation is considered an important coding strategy for cortical processing in various sensory modalities. It remains unclear how cortical sparseness arises and is being regulated. Here, unbiased recordings from primary auditory cortex of awake adult mice revealed salient sparseness in layer (L)2/3, with a majority of excitatory neurons exhibiting no increased spiking in response to each of sound types tested. Sparse representation was not observed in parvalbumin (PV) inhibitory neurons. The nonresponding neurons did receive auditory-evoked synaptic inputs, marked by weaker excitation and lower excitation/inhibition (E/I) ratios than responding cells. Sparse representation arises during development in an experience-dependent manner, accompanied by differential changes of excitatory input strength and a transition from unimodal to bimodal distribution of E/I ratios. Sparseness level could be reduced by suppressing PV or L1 inhibitory neurons. Thus, sparse representation may be dynamically regulated via modulating E/I balance, optimizing cortical representation of the external sensory world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixue Liang
- Department of Medical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Haifu Li
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao-Lin Chou
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Mu Zhou
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nicole K Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhongju Xiao
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke K Zhang
- Department of Pathology, the University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Huizhong W Tao
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Li I Zhang
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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21
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Reh RK, Dias BG, Nelson CA, Kaufer D, Werker JF, Kolb B, Levine JD, Hensch TK. Critical period regulation across multiple timescales. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:23242-23251. [PMID: 32503914 PMCID: PMC7519216 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820836117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain plasticity is dynamically regulated across the life span, peaking during windows of early life. Typically assessed in the physiological range of milliseconds (real time), these trajectories are also influenced on the longer timescales of developmental time (nurture) and evolutionary time (nature), which shape neural architectures that support plasticity. Properly sequenced critical periods of circuit refinement build up complex cognitive functions, such as language, from more primary modalities. Here, we consider recent progress in the biological basis of critical periods as a unifying rubric for understanding plasticity across multiple timescales. Notably, the maturation of parvalbumin-positive (PV) inhibitory neurons is pivotal. These fast-spiking cells generate gamma oscillations associated with critical period plasticity, are sensitive to circadian gene manipulation, emerge at different rates across brain regions, acquire perineuronal nets with age, and may be influenced by epigenetic factors over generations. These features provide further novel insight into the impact of early adversity and neurodevelopmental risk factors for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca K Reh
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Brian G Dias
- Division of Behavioral Neuroscience and Psychiatric Disorders, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30322
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Janet F Werker
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Bryan Kolb
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Joel D Levine
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Takao K Hensch
- Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence, University of Tokyo Institutes for Advanced Study, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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22
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Wang H, Xu X, Xu X, Gao J, Zhang T. Enriched Environment and Social Isolation Affect Cognition Ability via Altering Excitatory and Inhibitory Synaptic Density in Mice Hippocampus. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:2417-2432. [PMID: 32748366 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-03102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine whether the underlying mechanism of the alteration of cognitive ability and synaptic plasticity induced by the housing environment is associated with the balance of excitatory/inhibitory synaptic density. Enriched environment (EE) and social isolation (SI) are two different housing environment, and one is to give multiple sensory environments, the other is to give monotonous and lonely environment. Male 4-week-old C57 mice were divided into three groups: CON, EE and SI. They were housed in the different cage until 3 months of age. Morris water maze and novel object recognition were performed. Long term potentiation (LTP), depotentiation (DEP) and local field potentials were recorded in the hippocampal perforant pathway and dentate gyrus (DG) region. The data showed that EE enhanced the ability of spatial learning, reversal learning and memory as well as LTP/DEP in the hippocampal DG region. Meanwhile, SI reduced those abilities and the level of LTP/DEP. Moreover, there were higher couplings of both phase-amplitude and phase-phase in the EE group, and lower couplings of them in the SI group compared to that in the CON group. Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis showed that EE significantly enhanced the level of PSD-95, NR2B and DCX; however, SI reduced them but increased GABAARα1 and decreased DCX levels. The data suggests that the cognitive functions, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis and neuronal oscillatory patterns were significantly impacted by housing environment via possibly changing the balance of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaxia Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Xu
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Gao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Citalopram reduces glutamatergic synaptic transmission in the auditory cortex via activation of 5-HT1A receptors. Neuroreport 2020; 30:1316-1322. [PMID: 31714483 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin modulates cognitive processes and is related to various psychiatric disorders, including major depression. Administration of citalopram reduces the amplitude of auditory evoked potentials in depressed people and animal models, suggesting that 5-HT has an inhibitory role. Here, we characterize the modulation of excitatory post-synaptic currents by application of either 5-HT or agonists of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors, or by endogenous 5-HT evoked by citalopram on pyramidal neurons from layer II/III of rat auditory cortex. We found that application of 5-HT concentration-dependently reduces excitatory post-synaptic currents amplitude without changing the paired-pulse ratio, suggesting a post-synaptic modulation. We observed that selective agonists of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 receptors [8-OH-DPAT (10 µM) and DOI (10 µM), respectively] mimic the effect of 5-HT on the excitatory post-synaptic currents. Effect of 5-HT was entirely blocked by co-application of the antagonists NAN-190 (1 µM) and ritanserin (200 nM). Similarly, citalopram application (1 μM) reduced the amplitude of the evoked excitatory post-synaptic currents. Reduction in the magnitude of the excitatory post-synaptic currents by endogenous 5-HT was interpolated in the dose-response curve elicited by exogenous 5-HT, yielding that citalopram raised the extracellular 5-HT concentration to 823 nM. Effect of citalopram was blocked by the previous application of NAN-190 but not ritanserin, indicating that citalopram reduces glutamatergic synaptic transmission via 5-HT1A receptors in layer II/III of the auditory cortex. These results suggest that the local activity of 5-HT contributes to decrease in the basal excitability of the auditory cortex for enhancing the detection of external relevant acoustic signals.
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Reactivation of critical period plasticity in adult auditory cortex through chemogenetic silencing of parvalbumin-positive interneurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:26329-26331. [PMID: 31843881 PMCID: PMC6936688 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913227117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory experience during early developmental critical periods (CPs) has profound and long-lasting effects on cortical sensory processing perduring well into adulthood. Although recent evidence has shown that reducing cortical inhibition during adulthood reinstates CP plasticity, the precise cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we show that chemogenetic inactivation of parvalbumin-positive (PV+) interneurons is sufficient to reinstate CP plasticity in the adult auditory cortex. Bidirectional manipulation of PV+ cell activity affected neuronal spectral and sound intensity selectivity and, in the case of PV+ interneuron inactivation, was mirrored by anatomical changes in PV and associated perineuronal net expression. These findings underscore the importance of sustained PV-mediated inhibitory neurotransmission throughout life and highlight the potential of chemogenetic approaches for harnessing cortical plasticity with the ultimate goal of aiding recovery from brain injury or disease.
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25
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Hafner G, Witte M, Guy J, Subhashini N, Fenno LE, Ramakrishnan C, Kim YS, Deisseroth K, Callaway EM, Oberhuber M, Conzelmann KK, Staiger JF. Mapping Brain-Wide Afferent Inputs of Parvalbumin-Expressing GABAergic Neurons in Barrel Cortex Reveals Local and Long-Range Circuit Motifs. Cell Rep 2019; 28:3450-3461.e8. [PMID: 31553913 PMCID: PMC6897332 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic neurons are the largest class of inhibitory neocortical cells. We visualize brain-wide, monosynaptic inputs to PV neurons in mouse barrel cortex. We develop intersectional rabies virus tracing to specifically target GABAergic PV cells and exclude a small fraction of excitatory PV cells from our starter population. Local inputs are mainly from layer (L) IV and excitatory cells. A small number of inhibitory inputs originate from LI neurons, which connect to LII/III PV neurons. Long-range inputs originate mainly from other sensory cortices and the thalamus. In visual cortex, most transsynaptically labeled neurons are located in LIV, which contains a molecularly mixed population of projection neurons with putative functional similarity to LIII neurons. This study expands our knowledge of the brain-wide circuits in which PV neurons are embedded and introduces intersectional rabies virus tracing as an applicable tool to dissect the circuitry of more clearly defined cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Hafner
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mirko Witte
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Julien Guy
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nidhi Subhashini
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lief E Fenno
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Charu Ramakrishnan
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yoon Seok Kim
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Departments of Bioengineering and Psychiatry and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Edward M Callaway
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martina Oberhuber
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Virology & Gene Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Klaus Conzelmann
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institute, Virology & Gene Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute for Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany.
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26
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Picard N, Takesian AE, Fagiolini M, Hensch TK. NMDA 2A receptors in parvalbumin cells mediate sex-specific rapid ketamine response on cortical activity. Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:828-838. [PMID: 30696941 PMCID: PMC6756203 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ketamine has emerged as a widespread treatment for a variety of psychiatric disorders when used at sub-anesthetic doses, but the neural mechanisms underlying its acute action remain unclear. Here, we identified NMDA receptors containing the 2A subunit (GluN2A) on parvalbumin (PV)-expressing inhibitory interneurons as a pivotal target of low-dose ketamine. Genetically deleting GluN2A receptors globally or selectively from PV interneurons abolished the rapid enhancement of visual cortical responses and gamma-band oscillations by ketamine. Moreover, during the follicular phase of the estrous cycle in female mice, the ketamine response was transiently attenuated along with a concomitant decrease of grin2A mRNA expression within PV interneurons. Thus, GluN2A receptors on PV interneurons mediate the immediate actions of low-dose ketamine treatment, and fluctuations in receptor expression across the estrous cycle may underlie sex-differences in drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Picard
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anne E Takesian
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michela Fagiolini
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Takao K Hensch
- FM Kirby Neurobiology Center, Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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27
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Neuronal mechanisms regulating the critical period of sensory experience-dependent song learning. Neurosci Res 2019; 140:53-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Silent synapse: A new player in visual cortex critical period plasticity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 141:586-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Zhao JP, Yoshii A. Hyperexcitability of the local cortical circuit in mouse models of tuberous sclerosis complex. Mol Brain 2019; 12:6. [PMID: 30683131 PMCID: PMC6347813 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-019-0427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a neurogenetic disorder associated with epilepsy, intellectual disabilities, and autistic behaviors. These neurological symptoms result from synaptic dysregulations, which shift a balance between excitation and inhibition. To decipher the synaptic substrate of hyperexcitability, we examined pan-neuronal Tsc1 knockout mouse and found a reduction in surface expression of a GABA receptor (GABAR) subunit but not AMPA receptor (AMPAR) subunit. Using electrophysiological recordings, we found a significant reduction in the frequency of GABAR-mediated miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (GABAR-mIPSCs) but not AMPAR-mediated miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (AMPAR-mEPSCs) in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons. To determine a subpopulation of interneurons that are especially vulnerable to the absence of TSC1 function, we also analyzed two strains of conditional knockout mice targeting two of the prominent interneuron subtypes that express parvalbumin (PV) or somatostatin (SST). Unlike pan-neuronal knockout mice, both interneuron-specific Tsc-1 knockout mice did not develop spontaneous seizures and grew into adults. Further, the properties of AMPAR-mEPSCs and GABAR-mIPSCs were normal in both Pv-Cre and Sst-Cre x Tsc1fl/fl knockout mice. These results indicate that removal of TSC1 from all neurons in a local cortical circuit results in hyperexcitability while connections between pyramidal neurons and interneurons expressing PV and SST are preserved in the layer 2/3 visual cortex. Our study suggests that another inhibitory cell type or a combination of multiple subtypes may be accountable for hyperexcitability in TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ping Zhao
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Akira Yoshii
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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30
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Sakai A, Sugiyama S. Experience-dependent transcriptional regulation in juvenile brain development. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 60:473-482. [PMID: 30368782 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
During brain development, once primary neural networks are formed, they are largely sculpted by environmental stimuli. The juvenile brain has a unique time window termed the critical period, in which neuronal circuits are remodeled by experience. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal rewiring of circuits in early life contributes to various neurodevelopmental disorders at later stages of life. Recent studies implicate two important aspects for activation of the critical period, both of which are experience-dependent: (a) proper excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance of neural circuit achieved during developmental trajectory of inhibitory interneurons, and (b) epigenetic regulation allowing flexible gene expression for neuronal plasticity. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of juvenile brain plasticity from the viewpoints of transcriptional and chromatin regulation, with a focus on Otx2 homeoprotein. Depending on experience, Otx2 is transported into cortical parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV cells), where it induces PV cell maturation to activate the critical period. Understanding the unique behavior and function of Otx2 as a "messenger" of experience should therefore provide insights into mechanisms of juvenile brain development. Recently identified downstream targets of Otx2 suggest novel roles of Otx2 in homeostasis of PV cells, and, moreover, in regulation of chromatin state, which is important for neuronal plasticity. We further discuss epigenetic changes during postnatal brain development spanning the critical period. Different aspects of chromatin regulation may underlie experience-dependent neuronal development and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Sakai
- Laboratory of Neuronal Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Sayaka Sugiyama
- Laboratory of Neuronal Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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31
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Jayant K, Wenzel M, Bando Y, Hamm JP, Mandriota N, Rabinowitz JH, Plante IJL, Owen JS, Sahin O, Shepard KL, Yuste R. Flexible Nanopipettes for Minimally Invasive Intracellular Electrophysiology In Vivo. Cell Rep 2019; 26:266-278.e5. [PMID: 30605681 PMCID: PMC7263204 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular recordings in vivo remains the best technique to link single-neuron electrical properties to network function. Yet existing methods are limited in accuracy, throughput, and duration, primarily via washout, membrane damage, and movement-induced failure. Here, we introduce flexible quartz nanopipettes (inner diameters of 10-25 nm and spring constant of ∼0.08 N/m) as nanoscale analogs of traditional glass microelectrodes. Nanopipettes enable stable intracellular recordings (seal resistances of 500 to ∼800 MΩ, 5 to ∼10 cells/nanopipette, and duration of ∼1 hr) in anaesthetized and awake head-restrained mice, exhibit minimal diffusional flux, and facilitate precise recording and stimulation. When combined with quantum-dot labels and microprisms, nanopipettes enable two-photon targeted electrophysiology from both somata and dendrites, and even paired recordings from neighboring neurons, while permitting simultaneous population imaging across cortical layers. We demonstrate the versatility of this method by recording from parvalbumin-positive (Pv) interneurons while imaging seizure propagation, and we find that Pv depolarization block coincides with epileptic spread. Flexible nanopipettes present a simple method to procure stable intracellular recordings in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Jayant
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
| | - Michael Wenzel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Yuki Bando
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jordan P Hamm
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Nicola Mandriota
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jake H Rabinowitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ilan Jen-La Plante
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan S Owen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Ozgur Sahin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Kenneth L Shepard
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; NeuroTechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
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32
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Cattaud V, Bezzina C, Rey CC, Lejards C, Dahan L, Verret L. Early disruption of parvalbumin expression and perineuronal nets in the hippocampus of the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease can be rescued by enriched environment. Neurobiol Aging 2018; 72:147-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Kobayashi C, Okamoto K, Mochizuki Y, Urakubo H, Funayama K, Ishikawa T, Kashima T, Ouchi A, Szymanska AF, Ishii S, Ikegaya Y. GABAergic inhibition reduces the impact of synaptic excitation on somatic excitation. Neurosci Res 2018; 146:22-35. [PMID: 30243908 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of excitatory synaptic input on the excitation of the cell body is believed to vary depending on where and when the synaptic activation occurs in dendritic trees and the spatiotemporal modulation by inhibitory synaptic input. However, few studies have examined how individual synaptic inputs influence the excitability of the cell body in spontaneously active neuronal networks mainly because of the lack of an appropriate method. We developed a calcium imaging technique that monitors synaptic inputs to hundreds of spines from a single neuron with millisecond resolution in combination with whole-cell patch-clamp recordings of somatic excitation. In rat hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons ex vivo, a fraction of the excitatory synaptic inputs were not detectable in the cell body against background noise. These synaptic inputs partially restored their somatic impact when a GABAA receptor blocker was intracellularly perfused. Thus, GABAergic inhibition reduces the influence of some excitatory synaptic inputs on the somatic excitability. Numerical simulation using a single neuron model demonstrates that the timing and locus of a dendritic GABAergic input are critical to exert this effect. Moreover, logistic regression analyses suggest that the GABAergic inputs sectionalize spine activity; that is, only some subsets of synchronous synaptic activity seemed to be preferably passed to the cell body. Thus, dendrites actively sift inputs from specific presynaptic cell assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okamoto
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mochizuki
- Laboratory for Integrated Theoretical Neuroscience, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Urakubo
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Funayama
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tomoe Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiko Kashima
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ayako Ouchi
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - Shin Ishii
- Department of Systems Science, Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Ikegaya
- Laboratory of Chemical Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan; Center for Information and Neural Networks, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita City, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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34
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Parvalbumin-Interneuron Output Synapses Show Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity that Contributes to Auditory Map Remodeling. Neuron 2018; 99:720-735.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Abstract
The shift in ocular dominance (OD) of binocular neurons induced by monocular deprivation is the canonical model of synaptic plasticity confined to a postnatal critical period. Developmental constraints on this plasticity not only lend stability to the mature visual cortical circuitry but also impede the ability to recover from amblyopia beyond an early window. Advances with mouse models utilizing the power of molecular, genetic, and imaging tools are beginning to unravel the circuit, cellular, and molecular mechanisms controlling the onset and closure of the critical periods of plasticity in the primary visual cortex (V1). Emerging evidence suggests that mechanisms enabling plasticity in juveniles are not simply lost with age but rather that plasticity is actively constrained by the developmental up-regulation of molecular 'brakes'. Lifting these brakes enhances plasticity in the adult visual cortex, and can be harnessed to promote recovery from amblyopia. The reactivation of plasticity by experimental manipulations has revised the idea that robust OD plasticity is limited to early postnatal development. Here, we discuss recent insights into the neurobiology of the initiation and termination of critical periods and how our increasingly mechanistic understanding of these processes can be leveraged toward improved clinical treatment of adult amblyopia.
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36
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Sergeeva EG, Espinosa-Garcia C, Atif F, Pardue MT, Stein DG. Neurosteroid allopregnanolone reduces ipsilateral visual cortex potentiation following unilateral optic nerve injury. Exp Neurol 2018; 306:138-148. [PMID: 29729249 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In adult mice with unilateral optic nerve crush injury (ONC), we studied visual response plasticity in the visual cortex following stimulation with sinusoidal grating. We examined visually evoked potentials (VEP) in the primary visual cortex ipsilateral and contralateral to the crushed nerve. We found that unilateral ONC induces enhancement of visual response on the side ipsilateral to the injury that is evoked by visual stimulation to the intact eye. This enhancement was associated with supranormal spatial frequency thresholds in the intact eye when tested using optomotor response. To probe whether injury-induced disinhibition caused the potentiation, we treated animals with the neurosteroid allopregnanolone, a potent agonist of the GABAA receptor, one hour after crush and on post-injury days 3, 8, 13, and 18. Allopregnanolone diminished enhancement of the VEP and this effect was associated with the upregulated synthesis of the δ-subunit of the GABAA receptor. Our study shows a new aspect of experience-dependent plasticity following unilateral ONC. This hyper-activity in the ipsilateral visual cortex is prevented by upregulation of GABA inhibition with allopregnanolone. Our findings suggest the therapeutic potential of allopregnanolone for modulation of plasticity in certain eye and brain disorders and a possible role for disinhibition in ipsilateral hyper-activity following unilateral ONC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Sergeeva
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
| | - Claudia Espinosa-Garcia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Fahim Atif
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Machelle T Pardue
- Center for Visual and Neurocognitive Rehabilitation, Atlanta VA Medical Center, 1670 Clairmont Road, Decatur, GA 30033, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Emory University, 1365B Clifton Road NE, Suite 5100, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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37
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Ogawa M, Nagai T, Saito Y, Miyaguchi H, Kumakura K, Abe K, Asakura T. Short-term mastication after weaning upregulates GABAergic signalling and reduces dendritic spine in thalamus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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38
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Owen SF, Berke JD, Kreitzer AC. Fast-Spiking Interneurons Supply Feedforward Control of Bursting, Calcium, and Plasticity for Efficient Learning. Cell 2018; 172:683-695.e15. [PMID: 29425490 PMCID: PMC5810594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) are a prominent class of forebrain GABAergic cells implicated in two seemingly independent network functions: gain control and network plasticity. Little is known, however, about how these roles interact. Here, we use a combination of cell-type-specific ablation, optogenetics, electrophysiology, imaging, and behavior to describe a unified mechanism by which striatal FSIs control burst firing, calcium influx, and synaptic plasticity in neighboring medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs). In vivo silencing of FSIs increased bursting, calcium transients, and AMPA/NMDA ratios in MSNs. In a motor sequence task, FSI silencing increased the frequency of calcium transients but reduced the specificity with which transients aligned to individual task events. Consistent with this, ablation of FSIs disrupted the acquisition of striatum-dependent egocentric learning strategies. Together, our data support a model in which feedforward inhibition from FSIs temporally restricts MSN bursting and calcium-dependent synaptic plasticity to facilitate striatum-dependent sequence learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott F Owen
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Joshua D Berke
- Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Neurology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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39
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Takesian AE, Bogart LJ, Lichtman JW, Hensch TK. Inhibitory circuit gating of auditory critical-period plasticity. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:218-227. [PMID: 29358666 PMCID: PMC5978727 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cortical sensory maps are remodeled during early life to adapt to the surrounding environment. Both sensory and contextual signals are important for induction of this plasticity, but how these signals converge to sculpt developing thalamocortical circuits remains largely unknown. Here we show that layer 1 (L1) of primary auditory cortex (A1) is a key hub where neuromodulatory and topographically organized thalamic inputs meet to tune the cortical layers below. Inhibitory interneurons in L1 send narrowly descending projections to differentially modulate thalamic drive to pyramidal and parvalbumin-expressing (PV) cells in L4, creating brief windows of intracolumnar activation. Silencing of L1 (but not VIP-expressing) cells abolishes map plasticity during the tonotopic critical period. Developmental transitions in nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) sensitivity in these cells caused by Lynx1 protein can be overridden to extend critical-period closure. Notably, thalamocortical maps in L1 are themselves stable, and serve as a scaffold for cortical plasticity throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Takesian
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Luke J Bogart
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jeff W Lichtman
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Takao K Hensch
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Center for Brain Science, Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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40
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Feese BD, Pafundo DE, Schmehl MN, Kuhlman SJ. Binocular deprivation induces both age-dependent and age-independent forms of plasticity in parvalbumin inhibitory neuron visual response properties. J Neurophysiol 2017; 119:738-751. [PMID: 29118195 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00386.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activity of cortical inhibitory interneurons is rapidly reduced in response to monocular deprivation during the critical period for ocular dominance plasticity and in response to salient events encountered during learning. In the case of primary sensory cortex, a decrease in mean evoked firing rate of parvalbumin-positive (PV) inhibitory neurons is causally linked to a reorganization of excitatory networks following sensory perturbation. Converging evidence indicates that it is deprivation, and not an imbalance between open- and closed-eye inputs, that triggers rapid plasticity in PV neurons. However, this has not been directly tested in vivo. Using two-photon guided cell-attached recording, we examined the impact of closing both eyes for 24 h on PV neuron response properties in mouse primary visual cortex. We found that binocular deprivation induces a 30% reduction in stimulus-evoked mean firing rate and that this reduction is specific to critical period-aged mice. The number of PV neurons showing detectable tuning to orientation increased after 24 h of deprivation, and this effect was also specific to critical period-aged mice. In contrast to evoked mean firing rate and orientation tuning, measurements of trial-to-trial variability revealed that stimulus-driven decreases in variability are significantly dampened by deprivation during both the critical period and the postcritical period. These data establish that open-eye inputs are not required to drive deprivation-induced weakening of PV neuron evoked activity and that other aspects of in vivo PV neuron activity are malleable throughout life. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons in sensory cortex are generally considered to be mediators of experience-dependent plasticity, and their plasticity is restricted to the critical period. However, in regions outside of sensory cortex, accumulating evidence demonstrates that PV neurons are plastic in adults, raising the possibility that aspects of PV response properties may be plastic throughout life. Here we identify a feature of in vivo PV neuron activity that remains plastic past the critical period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berquin D Feese
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Diego E Pafundo
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Meredith N Schmehl
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandra J Kuhlman
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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41
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Detailed Dendritic Excitatory/Inhibitory Balance through Heterosynaptic Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity. J Neurosci 2017; 37:12106-12122. [PMID: 29089443 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0027-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between excitatory and inhibitory inputs is a key feature of cortical dynamics. Such a balance is arguably preserved in dendritic branches, yet its underlying mechanism and functional roles remain unknown. In this study, we developed computational models of heterosynaptic spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) to show that the excitatory/inhibitory balance in dendritic branches is robustly achieved through heterosynaptic interactions between excitatory and inhibitory synapses. The model reproduces key features of experimental heterosynaptic STDP well, and provides analytical insights. Furthermore, heterosynaptic STDP explains how the maturation of inhibitory neurons modulates the selectivity of excitatory neurons for binocular matching in the critical period plasticity. The model also provides an alternative explanation for the potential mechanism underlying the somatic detailed balance that is commonly associated with inhibitory STDP. Our results propose heterosynaptic STDP as a critical factor in synaptic organization and the resultant dendritic computation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Recent experimental studies reveal that relative differences in spike timings experienced among neighboring glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses on a dendritic branch significantly influences changes in the efficiency of these synapses. This heterosynaptic form of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) is potentially important for shaping the synaptic organization and computation of neurons, but its functional role remains elusive. Through computational modeling at the parameter regime where previous experimental results are well reproduced, we show that heterosynaptic plasticity serves to finely balance excitatory and inhibitory inputs on the dendrite. Our results suggest a principle of GABA-driven neural circuit formation.
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42
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Chondroitin Sulfate Is Required for Onset and Offset of Critical Period Plasticity in Visual Cortex. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12646. [PMID: 28974755 PMCID: PMC5626782 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ocular dominance plasticity is easily observed during the critical period in early postnatal life. Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant component in extracellular structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs), which surround parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (PV-cells). CS accumulates in PNNs at the critical period, but its function in earlier life is unclear. Here, we show that initiation of ocular dominance plasticity was impaired with reduced CS, using mice lacking a key CS-synthesizing enzyme, CSGalNAcT1. Two-photon in vivo imaging showed a weaker visual response of PV-cells with reduced CS compared to wild-type mice. Plasticity onset was restored by a homeoprotein Otx2, which binds the major CS-proteoglycan aggrecan and promotes its further expression. Continuous CS accumulation together with Otx2 contributed bidirectionally to both onset and offset of plasticity, and was substituted by diazepam, which enhances GABA function. Therefore, CS and Otx2 may act as common inducers of both onset and offset of the critical period by promoting PV-cell function throughout the lifetime.
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43
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O'Hare JK, Li H, Kim N, Gaidis E, Ade K, Beck J, Yin H, Calakos N. Striatal fast-spiking interneurons selectively modulate circuit output and are required for habitual behavior. eLife 2017; 6:26231. [PMID: 28871960 PMCID: PMC5584985 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Habit formation is a behavioral adaptation that automates routine actions. Habitual behavior correlates with broad reconfigurations of dorsolateral striatal (DLS) circuit properties that increase gain and shift pathway timing. The mechanism(s) for these circuit adaptations are unknown and could be responsible for habitual behavior. Here we find that a single class of interneuron, fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs), modulates all of these habit-predictive properties. Consistent with a role in habits, FSIs are more excitable in habitual mice compared to goal-directed and acute chemogenetic inhibition of FSIs in DLS prevents the expression of habitual lever pressing. In vivo recordings further reveal a previously unappreciated selective modulation of SPNs based on their firing patterns; FSIs inhibit most SPNs but paradoxically promote the activity of a subset displaying high fractions of gamma-frequency spiking. These results establish a microcircuit mechanism for habits and provide a new example of how interneurons mediate experience-dependent behavior. From biting fingernails to the daily commute, habits are sets of actions that can be completed almost without thinking and that are difficult to change or stop. Behavioral neuroscientists refer to habits as “stimulus-response” behaviors, and know that forming a new habit requires a region deep within the brain called the dorsolateral striatum. Indeed, in this region, the outgoing neurons – which make up 95% of the cells - respond differently to incoming signals in mice that have learned habits compared to non-habitual mice. However a question remained: what exactly was producing these differences? O’Hare et al. have now found, unexpectedly, that the answer resides not in the 95% of outgoing neurons, but rather in a rare type of cell known as the fast-spiking interneuron. This cell is connected to many others and it appears to act like a conductor, orchestrating the previously identified changes in the output neurons. These findings were made using mice that had been trained to press a lever for a sugar pellet reward. Habit was measured by how long mice kept pressing even if they had just been allowed to eat their fill of pellets and the test lever was no longer dispensing pellets. Habitual mice continue to press the lever in this circumstance, while other mice do not. O’Hare et al. found that inactivating the “conductor” cell made the output neurons respond in the opposite way to how they normally respond in habitual mice. Further experiments showed that fast-spiking interneurons were also more easily activated in habitual mice. To test whether this putative “conductor” cell was necessary for habitual behaviors, a technique known as chemogenetics was used to turn down its activity in habitual mice. Indeed, reducing activity in the conductor cell blocked the habitual behavior. While some habits are a helpful and economical way to get through daily life, habits are also thought to be corrupted in a number of diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, addictions and compulsions. Identifying this specific, yet rare, cell as a critical part of maintaining habits points out a new target to consider for therapies. Further work is needed before such treatments might become available to treat habit-related disorders; though O'Hare et al. are now taking steps in this direction by trying to work out how the fast-spiking interneuron changes its own activity when a habit is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin K O'Hare
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Haofang Li
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Namsoo Kim
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Erin Gaidis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Kristen Ade
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Jeff Beck
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
| | - Henry Yin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, United States
| | - Nicole Calakos
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States.,Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, United States
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44
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Brizuela M, Blizzard CA, Chuckowree JA, Pitman KA, Young KM, Dickson T. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Leads to Decreased Inhibition and a Differential Response of Calretinin Positive Interneurons in the Injured Cortex. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2504-2517. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.4977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Brizuela
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - Jyoti A. Chuckowree
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kimberley A. Pitman
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Kaylene M. Young
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tracey Dickson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
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45
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Favuzzi E, Marques-Smith A, Deogracias R, Winterflood CM, Sánchez-Aguilera A, Mantoan L, Maeso P, Fernandes C, Ewers H, Rico B. Activity-Dependent Gating of Parvalbumin Interneuron Function by the Perineuronal Net Protein Brevican. Neuron 2017; 95:639-655.e10. [PMID: 28712654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent neuronal plasticity is a fundamental mechanism through which the nervous system adapts to sensory experience. Several lines of evidence suggest that parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons are essential in this process, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of experience on interneuron plasticity remain poorly understood. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) enwrapping PV+ cells are long-standing candidates for playing such a role, yet their precise contribution has remained elusive. We show that the PNN protein Brevican is a critical regulator of interneuron plasticity. We find that Brevican simultaneously controls cellular and synaptic forms of plasticity in PV+ cells by regulating the localization of potassium channels and AMPA receptors, respectively. By modulating Brevican levels, experience introduces precise molecular and cellular modifications in PV+ cells that are required for learning and memory. These findings uncover a molecular program through which a PNN protein facilitates appropriate behavioral responses to experience by dynamically gating PV+ interneuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Favuzzi
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - André Marques-Smith
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Rubén Deogracias
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Christian M Winterflood
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Alberto Sánchez-Aguilera
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Laura Mantoan
- Clinical Neurosciences Department, King's College, NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Patricia Maeso
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Helge Ewers
- Randall Division of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Free University Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Rico
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK; Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d'Alacant 03550, Spain.
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46
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Miyata S, Kitagawa H. Formation and remodeling of the brain extracellular matrix in neural plasticity: Roles of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronan. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017. [PMID: 28625420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the brain is rich in glycosaminoglycans such as chondroitin sulfate (CS) and hyaluronan. These glycosaminoglycans are organized into either diffuse or condensed ECM. Diffuse ECM is distributed throughout the brain and fills perisynaptic spaces, whereas condensed ECM selectively surrounds parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory neurons (PV cells) in mesh-like structures called perineuronal nets (PNNs). The brain ECM acts as a non-specific physical barrier that modulates neural plasticity and axon regeneration. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we review recent progress in understanding of the molecular basis of organization and remodeling of the brain ECM, and the involvement of several types of experience-dependent neural plasticity, with a particular focus on the mechanism that regulates PV cell function through specific interactions between CS chains and their binding partners. We also discuss how the barrier function of the brain ECM restricts dendritic spine dynamics and limits axon regeneration after injury. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The brain ECM not only forms physical barriers that modulate neural plasticity and axon regeneration, but also forms molecular brakes that actively controls maturation of PV cells and synapse plasticity in which sulfation patterns of CS chains play a key role. Structural remodeling of the brain ECM modulates neural function during development and pathogenesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Genetic or enzymatic manipulation of the brain ECM may restore neural plasticity and enhance recovery from nerve injury. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kitagawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
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47
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Resnik J, Polley DB. Fast-spiking GABA circuit dynamics in the auditory cortex predict recovery of sensory processing following peripheral nerve damage. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28323619 PMCID: PMC5378474 DOI: 10.7554/elife.21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortical neurons remap their receptive fields and rescale sensitivity to spared peripheral inputs following sensory nerve damage. To address how these plasticity processes are coordinated over the course of functional recovery, we tracked receptive field reorganization, spontaneous activity, and response gain from individual principal neurons in the adult mouse auditory cortex over a 50-day period surrounding either moderate or massive auditory nerve damage. We related the day-by-day recovery of sound processing to dynamic changes in the strength of intracortical inhibition from parvalbumin-expressing (PV) inhibitory neurons. Whereas the status of brainstem-evoked potentials did not predict the recovery of sensory responses to surviving nerve fibers, homeostatic adjustments in PV-mediated inhibition during the first days following injury could predict the eventual recovery of cortical sound processing weeks later. These findings underscore the potential importance of self-regulated inhibitory dynamics for the restoration of sensory processing in excitatory neurons following peripheral nerve injuries. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.21452.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Resnik
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Daniel B Polley
- Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, United States.,Department of Otolaryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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48
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Transplantation of GABAergic interneurons for cell-based therapy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2017; 231:57-85. [PMID: 28554401 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Many neurological disorders stem from defects in or the loss of specific neurons. Neuron transplantation has tremendous clinical potential for central nervous system therapy as it may allow for the targeted replacement of those cells that are lost in diseases. Normally, most neurons are added during restricted periods of embryonic and fetal development. The permissive milieu of the developing brain promotes neuronal migration, neuronal differentiation, and synaptogenesis. Once this active period of neurogenesis ends, the chemical and physical environment of the brain changes dramatically. The brain parenchyma becomes highly packed with neuronal and glial processes, extracellular matrix, myelin, and synapses. The migration of grafted cells to allow them to home into target regions and become functionally integrated is a key challenge to neuronal transplantation. Interestingly, transplanted young telencephalic inhibitory interneurons are able to migrate, differentiate, and integrate widely throughout the postnatal brain. These grafted interneurons can also functionally modify local circuit activity. These features have facilitated the use of interneuron transplantation to study fundamental neurodevelopmental processes including cell migration, cell specification, and programmed neuronal cell death. Additionally, these cells provide a unique opportunity to develop interneuron-based strategies for the treatment of diseases linked to interneuron dysfunction and neurological disorders associated to circuit hyperexcitability.
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49
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Regulation of visual Wulst cell responsiveness by imprinting causes stimulus-specific activation of rostral cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42927. [PMID: 28230107 PMCID: PMC5322328 DOI: 10.1038/srep42927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinting behaviour in chicks can be induced exclusively during a short period after hatching. During this period, visual information on the imprinting stimulus is conveyed to the visual Wulst (VW) in the telencephalon, which corresponds to the visual cortex of mammals, and then to the memory-storing region known as the intermediate medial mesopallium. These two regions are indispensable for imprinting. We previously showed that imprinting training altered the response pattern of the VW to the imprinting stimulus; however, the precise distribution of cells and the mechanism involved with this altered response remains unclear. Here we showed that a specific population of rostral VW cells responded to the imprinting stimulus by analysing the subcellular localization of Arc/arg3.1 transcripts in VW cells. GABAergic parvalbumin (PV) cells are abundant in the dorsal region of this area, and imprinting training doubled the number of activated PV-positive neurons. An injection of bicuculline, a GABA(A) receptor antagonist, in the dorsal VW disturbed the rostral distribution of responsive cells and thus resulted in a lack of imprinting. These results suggest that activated PV cells restrict VW cells response to dorsal area to form a specific imprinting pathway.
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50
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Dose-dependent effect of donepezil administration on long-term enhancement of visually evoked potentials and cholinergic receptor overexpression in rat visual cortex. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 110:65-74. [PMID: 27913166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the cholinergic system tightly coupled with periods of visual stimulation boosts the processing of specific visual stimuli via muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in terms of intensity, priority and long-term effect. However, it is not known whether more diffuse pharmacological stimulation with donepezil, a cholinesterase inhibitor, is an efficient tool for enhancing visual processing and perception. The goal of the present study was to potentiate cholinergic transmission with donepezil treatment (0.5 and 1mg/kg) during a 2-week visual training to examine the effect on visually evoked potentials and to profile the expression of cholinergic receptor subtypes. The visual training was performed daily, 10min a day, for 2weeks. One week after the last training session, visual evoked potentials were recorded, or the mRNA expression level of muscarinic (M1-5) and nicotinic (α/β) receptors subunits was determined by quantitative RT-PCR. The visual stimulation coupled with any of the two doses of donepezil produced significant amplitude enhancement of cortical evoked potentials compared to pre-training values. The enhancement induced by the 1mg/kg dose of donepezil was spread to neighboring spatial frequencies, suggesting a better sensitivity near the visual detection threshold. The M3, M4, M5 and α7 receptors mRNA were upregulated in the visual cortex for the higher dose of donepezil but not the lower one, and the receptors expression was stable in the somatosensory (non-visual control) cortex. Therefore, higher levels of acetylcholine within the cortex sustain the increased intensity of the cortical response and trigger the upregulation of cholinergic receptors.
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