1
|
Ostalé CM, Prado AD, Martín M, Esteban N, López-Varea A, de Celis JF. A function of spalt major as a sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor mediates repression of knirps in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Dev Biol 2024; 510:40-49. [PMID: 38493946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The Spalt transcriptional regulators participate in a variety of cell fate decisions during multicellular development. Vertebrate Spalt proteins have been mostly associated to the organization of heterochromatic regions, but they also contribute regulatory functions through binding to A/T rich motives present in their target genes. The developmental processes in which the Drosophila spalt genes participate are well known through genetic analysis, but the mechanism by which the Spalt proteins regulate transcription are still unknown. Furthermore, despite the prominent changes in gene expression associated to mutations in the spalt genes, the specific DNA sequences they bind are unknow. Here, we analyze a DNA fragment present in the regulatory region of the knirps gene. Spalt proteins are candidate repressors of knirps expression during the formation of the venation pattern in the wing disc, and we identified a minimal conserved 30bp sequence that binds to Spalt major both in vivo and in vitro. This sequence mediates transcriptional repression in the central region of the wing blade, constituting the first confirmed case of a direct regulatory interaction between Spalt major and its target DNA in Drosophila. Interestingly, we also find similar sequences in a set of eight novel candidate Spalt target genes, pointing to a common mechanism of transcriptional repression mediated by Spalt proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M Ostalé
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Alicia Del Prado
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Mercedes Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Nuria Esteban
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Ana López-Varea
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - Jose F de Celis
- Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa", CSIC and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, 28049, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boschi F. How to estimate the sarcomere size based on oblique sections of skeletal muscle. J Anat 2023; 243:648-657. [PMID: 37243921 PMCID: PMC10485579 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrastructural analysis of muscular biopsy is based on images of longitudinal sections of the fibers. Sometimes, due to experimental limitations, the resulting sections are instead oblique, and no accurate morphological information can be extracted with standard analysis methods. Thus, the biopsy is performed again, but this is too invasive and time-consuming. In this study, we focused our attention on the sarcomere's shape and we investigated which is the structural information that can be obtained from oblique sections. A routine was written in MATLAB to allow the visualization of how a sarcomere's section appears in ultrastructural images obtained by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) at different secant angles. The routine was used also to analyze the intersection between a cylinder and a plane to show how the Z-bands and M-line lengths vary at different secant angles. Moreover, we explored how to calculate sarcomere's radius and length as well as the secant angle from ultrastructural images, based only on geometrical considerations (Pythagorean theorem and trigonometric functions). The equations to calculate these parameters starting from ultrastructural image measurements were found. Noteworthy, to obtain the real sarcomere length in quasi-longitudinal sections, a small correction in the standard procedure is needed and highlighted in the text. In conclusion, even non-longitudinal sections of skeletal muscles can be used to extrapolate morphological information of sarcomeres, which are important parameters for diagnostic purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Boschi
- Department of Engineering of Innovation MedicineUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Saavedra P, Dumesic PA, Hu Y, Filine E, Jouandin P, Binari R, Wilensky SE, Rodiger J, Wang H, Chen W, Liu Y, Spiegelman BM, Perrimon N. REPTOR and CREBRF encode key regulators of muscle energy metabolism. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4943. [PMID: 37582831 PMCID: PMC10427696 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40595-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic flexibility of muscle tissue describes the adaptive capacity to use different energy substrates according to their availability. The disruption of this ability associates with metabolic disease. Here, using a Drosophila model of systemic metabolic dysfunction triggered by yorkie-induced gut tumors, we show that the transcription factor REPTOR is an important regulator of energy metabolism in muscles. We present evidence that REPTOR is activated in muscles of adult flies with gut yorkie-tumors, where it modulates glucose metabolism. Further, in vivo studies indicate that sustained activity of REPTOR is sufficient in wildtype muscles to repress glycolysis and increase tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. Consistent with the fly studies, higher levels of CREBRF, the mammalian ortholog of REPTOR, reduce glycolysis in mouse myotubes while promoting oxidative metabolism. Altogether, our results define a conserved function for REPTOR and CREBRF as key regulators of muscle energy metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Saavedra
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Phillip A Dumesic
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Elizabeth Filine
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Jouandin
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Richard Binari
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sarah E Wilensky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan Rodiger
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haiyun Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weihang Chen
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Bruce M Spiegelman
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Poliacikova G, Barthez M, Rival T, Aouane A, Luis NM, Richard F, Daian F, Brouilly N, Schnorrer F, Maurel-Zaffran C, Graba Y, Saurin AJ. M1BP is an essential transcriptional activator of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3187. [PMID: 37268614 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38986-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative metabolism is the predominant energy source for aerobic muscle contraction in adult animals. How the cellular and molecular components that support aerobic muscle physiology are put in place during development through their transcriptional regulation is not well understood. Using the Drosophila flight muscle model, we show that the formation of mitochondria cristae harbouring the respiratory chain is concomitant with a large-scale transcriptional upregulation of genes linked with oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during specific stages of flight muscle development. We further demonstrate using high-resolution imaging, transcriptomic and biochemical analyses that Motif-1-binding protein (M1BP) transcriptionally regulates the expression of genes encoding critical components for OXPHOS complex assembly and integrity. In the absence of M1BP function, the quantity of assembled mitochondrial respiratory complexes is reduced and OXPHOS proteins aggregate in the mitochondrial matrix, triggering a strong protein quality control response. This results in isolation of the aggregate from the rest of the matrix by multiple layers of the inner mitochondrial membrane, representing a previously undocumented mitochondrial stress response mechanism. Together, this study provides mechanistic insight into the transcriptional regulation of oxidative metabolism during Drosophila development and identifies M1BP as a critical player in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Poliacikova
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Marine Barthez
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Thomas Rival
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Aïcha Aouane
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Richard
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Corinne Maurel-Zaffran
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Yacine Graba
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France
| | - Andrew J Saurin
- Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), UMR 7288, Case 907, Turing Center for Living Systems, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288, Marseille Cedex 09, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Loreau V, Rees R, Chan EH, Taxer W, Gregor K, Mußil B, Pitaval C, Luis NM, Mangeol P, Schnorrer F, Görlich D. A nanobody toolbox to investigate localisation and dynamics of Drosophila titins and other key sarcomeric proteins. eLife 2023; 12:79343. [PMID: 36645120 PMCID: PMC9886281 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the positions and dynamics of proteins in intact tissues or whole animals is key to understanding protein function. However, to date, this is challenging, as the accessibility of large antibodies to dense tissues is often limited, and fluorescent proteins inserted close to a domain of interest may affect protein function. These complications apply in particular to muscle sarcomeres, arguably one of the most protein-dense assemblies in nature, which complicates studying sarcomere morphogenesis at molecular resolution. Here, we introduce a toolbox of nanobodies recognising various domains of the two Drosophila titin homologs, Sallimus and Projectin, as well as the key sarcomeric proteins Obscurin, α-Actinin, and Zasp52. We verified the superior labelling qualities of our nanobodies in muscle tissue as compared to antibodies. By applying our toolbox to larval muscles, we found a gigantic Sallimus isoform stretching more than 2 µm to bridge the sarcomeric I-band, while Projectin covers almost the entire myosin filaments in a polar orientation. Transgenic expression of tagged nanobodies confirmed their high affinity-binding without affecting target protein function. Finally, adding a degradation signal to anti-Sallimus nanobodies suggested that it is difficult to fully degrade Sallimus in mature sarcomeres; however, expression of these nanobodies caused developmental lethality. These results may inspire the generation of similar toolboxes for other large protein complexes in Drosophila or mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Loreau
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Renate Rees
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Eunice HoYee Chan
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Waltraud Taxer
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Kathrin Gregor
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Bianka Mußil
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Christophe Pitaval
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Pierre Mangeol
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Turing Centre for Living Systems, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IDBMMarseilleFrance
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Department of Cellular Logistics, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schueder F, Mangeol P, Chan EH, Rees R, Schünemann J, Jungmann R, Görlich D, Schnorrer F. Nanobodies combined with DNA-PAINT super-resolution reveal a staggered titin nanoarchitecture in flight muscles. eLife 2023; 12:79344. [PMID: 36645127 PMCID: PMC9886278 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcomeres are the force-producing units of all striated muscles. Their nanoarchitecture critically depends on the large titin protein, which in vertebrates spans from the sarcomeric Z-disc to the M-band and hence links actin and myosin filaments stably together. This ensures sarcomeric integrity and determines the length of vertebrate sarcomeres. However, the instructive role of titins for sarcomeric architecture outside of vertebrates is not as well understood. Here, we used a series of nanobodies, the Drosophila titin nanobody toolbox, recognising specific domains of the two Drosophila titin homologs Sallimus and Projectin to determine their precise location in intact flight muscles. By combining nanobodies with DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy, we found that, similar to vertebrate titin, Sallimus bridges across the flight muscle I-band, whereas Projectin is located at the beginning of the A-band. Interestingly, the ends of both proteins overlap at the I-band/A-band border, revealing a staggered organisation of the two Drosophila titin homologs. This architecture may help to stably anchor Sallimus at the myosin filament and hence ensure efficient force transduction during flight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schueder
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Pierre Mangeol
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Eunice HoYee Chan
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Renate Rees
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | | | - Ralf Jungmann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Nanoscience, Ludwig Maximilian UniversityMunichGermany
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Dirk Görlich
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Centre for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wishard R, Jayaram M, Ramesh SR, Nongthomba U. Spatial and temporal requirement of Mlp60A isoforms during muscle development and function in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113430. [PMID: 36423661 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Many myofibrillar proteins undergo isoform switching in a spatio-temporal manner during muscle development. The biological significance of the variants of several of these myofibrillar proteins remains elusive. One such myofibrillar protein, the Muscle LIM Protein (MLP), is a vital component of the Z-discs. In this paper, we show that one of the Drosophila MLP encoding genes, Mlp60A, gives rise to two isoforms: a short (279 bp, 10 kDa) and a long (1461 bp, 54 kDa) one. The short isoform is expressed throughout development, but the long isoform is adult-specific, being the dominant of the two isoforms in the indirect flight muscles (IFMs). A concomitant, muscle-specific knockdown of both isoforms leads to partial developmental lethality, with most of the surviving flies being flight defective. A global loss of both isoforms in a Mlp60A-null background also leads to developmental lethality, with muscle defects in the individuals that survive to the third instar larval stage. This lethality could be rescued partially by a muscle-specific overexpression of the short isoform. Genetic perturbation of only the long isoform, through a P-element insertion in the long isoform-specific coding sequence, leads to defective flight, in around 90% of the flies. This phenotype was completely rescued when the P-element insertion was precisely excised from the locus. Hence, our data show that the two Mlp60A isoforms are functionally specialized: the short isoform being essential for normal embryonic muscle development and the long isoform being necessary for normal adult flight muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Wishard
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| | - Mohan Jayaram
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India; Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India
| | - Saraf R Ramesh
- Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Manasgangotri, Mysuru, 570006, India; Department of Life Sciences, Pooja Bhagvat Memorial Mahajana Education Center, K. R. S. Road, Mysuru, 570016, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics; Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Katti P, Ajayi PT, Aponte A, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Identification of evolutionarily conserved regulators of muscle mitochondrial network organization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6622. [PMID: 36333356 PMCID: PMC9636386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34445-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial networks provide coordinated energy distribution throughout muscle cells. However, pathways specifying mitochondrial networks are incompletely understood and it is unclear how they might affect contractile fiber-type. Here, we show that natural energetic demands placed on Drosophila melanogaster muscles yield native cell-types among which contractile and mitochondrial network-types are regulated differentially. Proteomic analyses of indirect flight, jump, and leg muscles, together with muscles misexpressing known fiber-type specification factor salm, identified transcription factors H15 and cut as potential mitochondrial network regulators. We demonstrate H15 operates downstream of salm regulating flight muscle contractile and mitochondrial network-type. Conversely, H15 regulates mitochondrial network configuration but not contractile type in jump and leg muscles. Further, we find that cut regulates salm expression in flight muscles and mitochondrial network configuration in leg muscles. These data indicate cell type-specific regulation of muscle mitochondrial network organization through evolutionarily conserved transcription factors cut, salm, and H15.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Peter T Ajayi
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Angel Aponte
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schöck F, González-Morales N. The insect perspective on Z-disc structure and biology. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:277280. [PMID: 36226637 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibrils are the intracellular structures formed by actin and myosin filaments. They are paracrystalline contractile cables with unusually well-defined dimensions. The sliding of actin past myosin filaments powers contractions, and the entire system is held in place by a structure called the Z-disc, which anchors the actin filaments. Myosin filaments, in turn, are anchored to another structure called the M-line. Most of the complex architecture of myofibrils can be reduced to studying the Z-disc, and recently, important advances regarding the arrangement and function of Z-discs in insects have been published. On a very small scale, we have detailed protein structure information. At the medium scale, we have cryo-electron microscopy maps, super-resolution microscopy and protein-protein interaction networks, while at the functional scale, phenotypic data are available from precise genetic manipulations. All these data aim to answer how the Z-disc works and how it is assembled. Here, we summarize recent data from insects and explore how it fits into our view of the Z-disc, myofibrils and, ultimately, muscles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Schöck
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Katti P, Hall AS, Parry HA, Ajayi PT, Kim Y, Willingham TB, Bleck CKE, Wen H, Glancy B. Mitochondrial network configuration influences sarcomere and myosin filament structure in striated muscles. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6058. [PMID: 36229433 PMCID: PMC9561657 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained muscle contraction occurs through interactions between actin and myosin filaments within sarcomeres and requires a constant supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from nearby mitochondria. However, it remains unclear how different physical configurations between sarcomeres and mitochondria alter the energetic support for contractile function. Here, we show that sarcomere cross-sectional area (CSA) varies along its length in a cell type-dependent manner where the reduction in Z-disk CSA relative to the sarcomere center is closely coordinated with mitochondrial network configuration in flies, mice, and humans. Further, we find myosin filaments near the sarcomere periphery are curved relative to interior filaments with greater curvature for filaments near mitochondria compared to sarcoplasmic reticulum. Finally, we demonstrate variable myosin filament lattice spacing between filament ends and filament centers in a cell type-dependent manner. These data suggest both sarcomere structure and myofilament interactions are influenced by the location and orientation of mitochondria within muscle cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Katti
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Hailey A Parry
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Peter T Ajayi
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuho Kim
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Bradley Willingham
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher K E Bleck
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Han Wen
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian Glancy
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Klingler M, Bucher G. The red flour beetle T. castaneum: elaborate genetic toolkit and unbiased large scale RNAi screening to study insect biology and evolution. EvoDevo 2022; 13:14. [PMID: 35854352 PMCID: PMC9295526 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-022-00201-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has emerged as an important insect model system for a variety of topics. With respect to studying gene function, it is second only to the vinegar fly D. melanogaster. The RNAi response in T. castaneum is exceptionally strong and systemic, and it appears to target all cell types and processes. Uniquely for emerging model organisms, T. castaneum offers the opportunity of performing time- and cost-efficient large-scale RNAi screening, based on commercially available dsRNAs targeting all genes, which are simply injected into the body cavity. Well established transgenic and genome editing approaches are met by ease of husbandry and a relatively short generation time. Consequently, a number of transgenic tools like UAS/Gal4, Cre/Lox, imaging lines and enhancer trap lines are already available. T. castaneum has been a genetic experimental system for decades and now has become a workhorse for molecular and reverse genetics as well as in vivo imaging. Many aspects of development and general biology are more insect-typical in this beetle compared to D. melanogaster. Thus, studying beetle orthologs of well-described fly genes has allowed macro-evolutionary comparisons in developmental processes such as axis formation, body segmentation, and appendage, head and brain development. Transgenic approaches have opened new ways for in vivo imaging. Moreover, this emerging model system is the first choice for research on processes that are not represented in the fly, or are difficult to study there, e.g. extraembryonic tissues, cryptonephridial organs, stink gland function, or dsRNA-based pesticides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Klingler
- Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 5, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Gregor Bucher
- Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach-Institut, GZMB, University of Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ajayi PT, Katti P, Zhang Y, Willingham TB, Sun Y, Bleck CKE, Glancy B. Regulation of the evolutionarily conserved muscle myofibrillar matrix by cell type dependent and independent mechanisms. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2661. [PMID: 35562354 PMCID: PMC9106682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles play a central role in human movement through forces transmitted by contraction of the sarcomere. We recently showed that mammalian sarcomeres are connected through frequent branches forming a singular, mesh-like myofibrillar matrix. However, the extent to which myofibrillar connectivity is evolutionarily conserved as well as mechanisms which regulate the specific architecture of sarcomere branching remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate the presence of a myofibrillar matrix in the tubular, but not indirect flight (IF) muscles within Drosophila melanogaster. Moreover, we find that loss of transcription factor H15 increases sarcomere branching frequency in the tubular jump muscles, and we show that sarcomere branching can be turned on in IF muscles by salm-mediated conversion to tubular muscles. Finally, we demonstrate that neurochondrin misexpression results in myofibrillar connectivity in IF muscles without conversion to tubular muscles. These data indicate an evolutionarily conserved myofibrillar matrix regulated by both cell-type dependent and independent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Ajayi
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Prasanna Katti
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yingfan Zhang
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Ye Sun
- Electron Microscopy Core, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | | | - Brian Glancy
- Muscle Energetics Laboratory, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- NIAMS, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li H, Janssens J, De Waegeneer M, Kolluru SS, Davie K, Gardeux V, Saelens W, David F, Brbić M, Spanier K, Leskovec J, McLaughlin CN, Xie Q, Jones RC, Brueckner K, Shim J, Tattikota SG, Schnorrer F, Rust K, Nystul TG, Carvalho-Santos Z, Ribeiro C, Pal S, Mahadevaraju S, Przytycka TM, Allen AM, Goodwin SF, Berry CW, Fuller MT, White-Cooper H, Matunis EL, DiNardo S, Galenza A, O’Brien LE, Dow JAT, Jasper H, Oliver B, Perrimon N, Deplancke B, Quake SR, Luo L, Aerts S, Agarwal D, Ahmed-Braimah Y, Arbeitman M, Ariss MM, Augsburger J, Ayush K, Baker CC, Banisch T, Birker K, Bodmer R, Bolival B, Brantley SE, Brill JA, Brown NC, Buehner NA, Cai XT, Cardoso-Figueiredo R, Casares F, Chang A, Clandinin TR, Crasta S, Desplan C, Detweiler AM, Dhakan DB, Donà E, Engert S, Floc'hlay S, George N, González-Segarra AJ, Groves AK, Gumbin S, Guo Y, Harris DE, Heifetz Y, Holtz SL, Horns F, Hudry B, Hung RJ, Jan YN, Jaszczak JS, Jefferis GSXE, Karkanias J, Karr TL, Katheder NS, Kezos J, Kim AA, Kim SK, Kockel L, Konstantinides N, Kornberg TB, Krause HM, Labott AT, Laturney M, Lehmann R, Leinwand S, Li J, Li JSS, Li K, Li K, Li L, Li T, Litovchenko M, Liu HH, Liu Y, Lu TC, Manning J, Mase A, Matera-Vatnick M, Matias NR, McDonough-Goldstein CE, McGeever A, McLachlan AD, Moreno-Roman P, Neff N, Neville M, Ngo S, Nielsen T, O'Brien CE, Osumi-Sutherland D, Özel MN, Papatheodorou I, Petkovic M, Pilgrim C, Pisco AO, Reisenman C, Sanders EN, Dos Santos G, Scott K, Sherlekar A, Shiu P, Sims D, Sit RV, Slaidina M, Smith HE, Sterne G, Su YH, Sutton D, Tamayo M, Tan M, Tastekin I, Treiber C, Vacek D, Vogler G, Waddell S, Wang W, Wilson RI, Wolfner MF, Wong YCE, Xie A, Xu J, Yamamoto S, Yan J, Yao Z, Yoda K, Zhu R, Zinzen RP. Fly Cell Atlas: A single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of the adult fruit fly. Science 2022; 375:eabk2432. [PMID: 35239393 PMCID: PMC8944923 DOI: 10.1126/science.abk2432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
For more than 100 years, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been one of the most studied model organisms. Here, we present a single-cell atlas of the adult fly, Tabula Drosophilae, that includes 580,000 nuclei from 15 individually dissected sexed tissues as well as the entire head and body, annotated to >250 distinct cell types. We provide an in-depth analysis of cell type-related gene signatures and transcription factor markers, as well as sexual dimorphism, across the whole animal. Analysis of common cell types between tissues, such as blood and muscle cells, reveals rare cell types and tissue-specific subtypes. This atlas provides a valuable resource for the Drosophila community and serves as a reference to study genetic perturbations and disease models at single-cell resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Li
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,Huffington Center on Aging and Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jasper Janssens
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Maxime De Waegeneer
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Sai Saroja Kolluru
- Departments of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA, and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Kristofer Davie
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Vincent Gardeux
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wouter Saelens
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fabrice David
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria Brbić
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Katina Spanier
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Jure Leskovec
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA, and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Colleen N. McLaughlin
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Qijing Xie
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Robert C. Jones
- Departments of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA, and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Katja Brueckner
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jiwon Shim
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea 04763
| | - Sudhir Gopal Tattikota
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM (UMR 7288), Turing Centre for Living systems, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Katja Rust
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Philipps-University, Marburg, Germany,Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Todd G. Nystul
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Zita Carvalho-Santos
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ribeiro
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Soumitra Pal
- National Center of Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Sharvani Mahadevaraju
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Teresa M. Przytycka
- National Center of Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Aaron M. Allen
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield road, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Stephen F. Goodwin
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield road, Oxford, OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Cameron W. Berry
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Margaret T. Fuller
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Helen White-Cooper
- Molecular Biosciences Division, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AX UK
| | - Erika L. Matunis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephen DiNardo
- Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, and The Penn Institute for Regenerative Medicine Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anthony Galenza
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Lucy Erin O’Brien
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford CA 94305, USA
| | - Julian A. T. Dow
- Institute of Molecular, Cell & Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - FCA Consortium
- FCA Consortium: All authors listed before Acknowledgements, and all contributions and affiliations listed in the Supplementary Materials
| | - Heinrich Jasper
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Brian Oliver
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Kidney and Digestive Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA, USA,corresponding authors: (N.P.), (B.D.), (S.R.Q.), (L.L.), (S.A.)
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,corresponding authors: (N.P.), (B.D.), (S.R.Q.), (L.L.), (S.A.)
| | - Stephen R. Quake
- Departments of Bioengineering and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA, and Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA,corresponding authors: (N.P.), (B.D.), (S.R.Q.), (L.L.), (S.A.)
| | - Liqun Luo
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA,corresponding authors: (N.P.), (B.D.), (S.R.Q.), (L.L.), (S.A.)
| | - Stein Aerts
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium,corresponding authors: (N.P.), (B.D.), (S.R.Q.), (L.L.), (S.A.)
| | - Devika Agarwal
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | | | - Michelle Arbeitman
- Biomedical Sciences Department, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Majd M Ariss
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jordan Augsburger
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kumar Ayush
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine C Baker
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Torsten Banisch
- Skirball Institute and HHMI, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016, USA
| | - Katja Birker
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rolf Bodmer
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Benjamin Bolival
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Susanna E Brantley
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie A Brill
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Nora C Brown
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Norene A Buehner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Tracy Cai
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Rita Cardoso-Figueiredo
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Casares
- CABD (Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology), CSIC-UPO-JA, Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Amy Chang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Thomas R Clandinin
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sheela Crasta
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Claude Desplan
- Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, USA
| | | | - Darshan B Dhakan
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Erika Donà
- Neurobiology Division, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Stefanie Engert
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Swann Floc'hlay
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.,Laboratory of Computational Biology, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nancy George
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Amanda J González-Segarra
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Andrew K Groves
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Samantha Gumbin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yanmeng Guo
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Devon E Harris
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yael Heifetz
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Stephen L Holtz
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Felix Horns
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bruno Hudry
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, France
| | - Ruei-Jiun Hung
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yuh Nung Jan
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacob S Jaszczak
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Timothy L Karr
- Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
| | | | - James Kezos
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Anna A Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.,Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Seung K Kim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lutz Kockel
- Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nikolaos Konstantinides
- Institut Jacques Monod, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-UMR 7592, Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Thomas B Kornberg
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Henry M Krause
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Andrew Thomas Labott
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Meghan Laturney
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Ruth Lehmann
- Skirball Institute, Department of Cell Biology and HHMI, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York City, NY 10016
| | - Sarah Leinwand
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Jiefu Li
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua Shing Shun Li
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Liying Li
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tun Li
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maria Litovchenko
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Han-Hsuan Liu
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tzu-Chiao Lu
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Manning
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Anjeli Mase
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Neuza Reis Matias
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin E McDonough-Goldstein
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.,Department of Evolutionary Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alex D McLachlan
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Paola Moreno-Roman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Norma Neff
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Megan Neville
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
| | - Sang Ngo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tanja Nielsen
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Caitlin E O'Brien
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Osumi-Sutherland
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL/EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Irene Papatheodorou
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, EMBL-EBI, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Maja Petkovic
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clare Pilgrim
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | | | - Carolina Reisenman
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Erin Nicole Sanders
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gilberto Dos Santos
- The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Kristin Scott
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Aparna Sherlekar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Philip Shiu
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - David Sims
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Rene V Sit
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Maija Slaidina
- Skirball Institute, Faculty of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016
| | - Harold E Smith
- Genomics Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gabriella Sterne
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Han Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Sutton
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genomics, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Marco Tamayo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Ibrahim Tastekin
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Christoph Treiber
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David Vacek
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Georg Vogler
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Scott Waddell
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Tinsley Building, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rachel I Wilson
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariana F Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Yiu-Cheung E Wong
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Anthony Xie
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jia Yan
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco CA, USA
| | - Zepeng Yao
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Kazuki Yoda
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruijun Zhu
- Department of Physiology, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Robert P Zinzen
- Laboratory for Systems Biology of Neural Tissue Differentiation, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrueck Centre for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Roessle-Strasse 12, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nikonova E, Mukherjee A, Kamble K, Barz C, Nongthomba U, Spletter ML. Rbfox1 is required for myofibril development and maintaining fiber type-specific isoform expression in Drosophila muscles. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/4/e202101342. [PMID: 34996845 PMCID: PMC8742874 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein isoform transitions confer muscle fibers with distinct properties and are regulated by differential transcription and alternative splicing. RNA-binding Fox protein 1 (Rbfox1) can affect both transcript levels and splicing, and is known to contribute to normal muscle development and physiology in vertebrates, although the detailed mechanisms remain obscure. In this study, we report that Rbfox1 contributes to the generation of adult muscle diversity in Drosophila Rbfox1 is differentially expressed among muscle fiber types, and RNAi knockdown causes a hypercontraction phenotype that leads to behavioral and eclosion defects. Misregulation of fiber type-specific gene and splice isoform expression, notably loss of an indirect flight muscle-specific isoform of Troponin-I that is critical for regulating myosin activity, leads to structural defects. We further show that Rbfox1 directly binds the 3'-UTR of target transcripts, regulates the expression level of myogenic transcription factors myocyte enhancer factor 2 and Salm, and both modulates expression of and genetically interacts with the CELF family RNA-binding protein Bruno1 (Bru1). Rbfox1 and Bru1 co-regulate fiber type-specific alternative splicing of structural genes, indicating that regulatory interactions between FOX and CELF family RNA-binding proteins are conserved in fly muscle. Rbfox1 thus affects muscle development by regulating fiber type-specific splicing and expression dynamics of identity genes and structural proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Amartya Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics (MRDG), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Ketaki Kamble
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics (MRDG), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics (MRDG), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Maria L Spletter
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Age-Related Changes of Gene Expression Profiles in Drosophila. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121982. [PMID: 34946931 PMCID: PMC8701748 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An individual’s gene expression profile changes throughout their life. This change in gene expression is shaped by differences in physiological needs and functions between the younger and older organism. Despite intensive studies, the aging process is not fully understood, and several genes involved in this process may remain to be identified. Here we report a transcriptomic analysis of Drosophila melanogaster using microarrays. We compared the expression profiles of two-day-old female adult flies with those of 45-day-old flies. We identified 1184 genes with pronounced differences in expression level between young and old age groups. Most genes involved in muscle development/maintenance that display different levels of expression with age were downregulated in older flies. Many of these genes contributed to sarcomere formation and function. Several of these genes were functionally related to direct and indirect flight muscles; some of them were exclusively expressed in these muscles. Conversely, several genes involved in apoptosis processes were upregulated in aging flies. In addition, several genes involved in resistance to toxic chemicals were upregulated in aging flies, which is consistent with a global upregulation of the defense response system in aging flies. Finally, we randomly selected 12 genes among 232 genes with unknown function and generated transgenic flies expressing recombinant proteins fused with GFP protein to determine their subcellular expression. We also found that the knockdown of some of those 12 genes can affect the lifespan of flies.
Collapse
|
16
|
Kao SY, Nikonova E, Chaabane S, Sabani A, Martitz A, Wittner A, Heemken J, Straub T, Spletter ML. A Candidate RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse RNA-Binding Protein Phenotypes in Drosophila Flight Muscle. Cells 2021; 10:2505. [PMID: 34685485 PMCID: PMC8534295 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper regulation of RNA processing is critical for muscle development and the fine-tuning of contractile ability among muscle fiber-types. RNA binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the diverse steps in RNA processing, including alternative splicing, which generates fiber-type specific isoforms of structural proteins that confer contractile sarcomeres with distinct biomechanical properties. Alternative splicing is disrupted in muscle diseases such as myotonic dystrophy and dilated cardiomyopathy and is altered after intense exercise as well as with aging. It is therefore important to understand splicing and RBP function, but currently, only a small fraction of the hundreds of annotated RBPs expressed in muscle have been characterized. Here, we demonstrate the utility of Drosophila as a genetic model system to investigate basic developmental mechanisms of RBP function in myogenesis. We find that RBPs exhibit dynamic temporal and fiber-type specific expression patterns in mRNA-Seq data and display muscle-specific phenotypes. We performed knockdown with 105 RNAi hairpins targeting 35 RBPs and report associated lethality, flight, myofiber and sarcomere defects, including flight muscle phenotypes for Doa, Rm62, mub, mbl, sbr, and clu. Knockdown phenotypes of spliceosome components, as highlighted by phenotypes for A-complex components SF1 and Hrb87F (hnRNPA1), revealed level- and temporal-dependent myofibril defects. We further show that splicing mediated by SF1 and Hrb87F is necessary for Z-disc stability and proper myofibril development, and strong knockdown of either gene results in impaired localization of kettin to the Z-disc. Our results expand the number of RBPs with a described phenotype in muscle and underscore the diversity in myofibril and transcriptomic phenotypes associated with splicing defects. Drosophila is thus a powerful model to gain disease-relevant insight into cellular and molecular phenotypes observed when expression levels of splicing factors, spliceosome components and splicing dynamics are altered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Sabrina Chaabane
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Albiona Sabani
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin at Madison, 1117 W. Johnson St., Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Alexandra Martitz
- Molecular Nutrition Medicine, Else Kröner-Fresenius Center, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany;
| | - Anja Wittner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Jakob Heemken
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| | - Tobias Straub
- Biomedical Center, Bioinformatics Core Facility, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany;
| | - Maria L. Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; (S.-Y.K.); (E.N.); (S.C.); (A.W.); (J.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Drosophila, an Integrative Model to Study the Features of Muscle Stem Cells in Development and Regeneration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10082112. [PMID: 34440881 PMCID: PMC8394675 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for muscle growth, maintenance and repair. Over the past decade, experiments in Drosophila have been instrumental in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating MuSCs (also known as adult muscle precursors, AMPs) during development. A large number of genetic tools available in fruit flies provides an ideal framework to address new questions which could not be addressed with other model organisms. This review reports the main findings revealed by the study of Drosophila AMPs, with a specific focus on how AMPs are specified and properly positioned, how they acquire their identity and which are the environmental cues controlling their behavior and fate. The review also describes the recent identification of the Drosophila adult MuSCs that have similar characteristics to vertebrates MuSCs. Integration of the different levels of MuSCs analysis in flies is likely to provide new fundamental knowledge in muscle stem cell biology largely applicable to other systems.
Collapse
|
18
|
Ou T, Huang G, Wilson B, Gontarz P, Skeath JB, Johnson AN. A genetic screen for regulators of muscle morphogenesis in Drosophila. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2021; 11:jkab172. [PMID: 33993253 PMCID: PMC8496313 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms that determine the final topology of skeletal muscles remain largely unknown. We have been developing Drosophila body wall musculature as a model to identify and characterize the pathways that control muscle size, shape, and orientation during embryogenesis. Our working model argues muscle morphogenesis is regulated by (1) extracellular guidance cues that direct muscle cells toward muscle attachment sites, and (2) contact-dependent interactions between muscles and tendon cells. While we have identified several pathways that regulate muscle morphogenesis, our understanding is far from complete. Here, we report the results of a recent EMS-based forward genetic screen that identified a myriad of loci not previously associated with muscle morphogenesis. We recovered new alleles of known muscle morphogenesis genes, including back seat driver, kon-tiki, thisbe, and tumbleweed, arguing our screen had the depth and precision to uncover myogenic genes. We also identified new alleles of spalt-major, barren, and patched that presumably disrupt independent muscle morphogenesis pathways. Equally as important, our screen shows that at least 11 morphogenetic loci remain to be mapped and characterized. Our screen has developed exciting new tools to study muscle morphogenesis, which may provide future insights into the mechanisms that regulate skeletal muscle topology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Ou
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gary Huang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Beth Wilson
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - James B Skeath
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Aaron N Johnson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Avellaneda J, Rodier C, Daian F, Brouilly N, Rival T, Luis NM, Schnorrer F. Myofibril and mitochondria morphogenesis are coordinated by a mechanical feedback mechanism in muscle. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2091. [PMID: 33828099 PMCID: PMC8027795 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex animals build specialised muscles to match specific biomechanical and energetic needs. Hence, composition and architecture of sarcomeres and mitochondria are muscle type specific. However, mechanisms coordinating mitochondria with sarcomere morphogenesis are elusive. Here we use Drosophila muscles to demonstrate that myofibril and mitochondria morphogenesis are intimately linked. In flight muscles, the muscle selector spalt instructs mitochondria to intercalate between myofibrils, which in turn mechanically constrain mitochondria into elongated shapes. Conversely in cross-striated leg muscles, mitochondria networks surround myofibril bundles, contacting myofibrils only with thin extensions. To investigate the mechanism causing these differences, we manipulated mitochondrial dynamics and found that increased mitochondrial fusion during myofibril assembly prevents mitochondrial intercalation in flight muscles. Strikingly, this causes the expression of cross-striated muscle specific sarcomeric proteins. Consequently, flight muscle myofibrils convert towards a partially cross-striated architecture. Together, these data suggest a biomechanical feedback mechanism downstream of spalt synchronizing mitochondria with myofibril morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Avellaneda
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Clement Rodier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Fabrice Daian
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Rival
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living Systems, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Katti P, Rai M, Srivastava S, D'Silva P, Nongthomba U. Marf-mediated mitochondrial fusion is imperative for the development and functioning of indirect flight muscles (IFMs) in drosophila. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112486. [PMID: 33450208 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic changes in mitochondrial shape and size are vital for mitochondrial health and for tissue development and function. Adult Drosophila indirect flight muscles contain densely packed mitochondria. We show here that mitochondrial fusion is critical during early muscle development (in pupa) and that silencing of the outer mitochondrial membrane fusion gene, Marf, in muscles results in smaller mitochondria that are functionally defective. This leads to abnormal muscle development resulting in muscle dysfunction in adult flies. However, post-developmental silencing of Marf has no obvious effects on mitochondrial and muscle phenotype in adult flies, indicating the importance of mitochondrial fusion during early muscle development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Katti
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
| | - Mamta Rai
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Shubhi Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Patrick D'Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, India
| | - Upendra Nongthomba
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kaya-Çopur A, Marchiano F, Hein MY, Alpern D, Russeil J, Luis NM, Mann M, Deplancke B, Habermann BH, Schnorrer F. The Hippo pathway controls myofibril assembly and muscle fiber growth by regulating sarcomeric gene expression. eLife 2021; 10:e63726. [PMID: 33404503 PMCID: PMC7815313 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are composed of gigantic cells called muscle fibers, packed with force-producing myofibrils. During development, the size of individual muscle fibers must dramatically enlarge to match with skeletal growth. How muscle growth is coordinated with growth of the contractile apparatus is not understood. Here, we use the large Drosophila flight muscles to mechanistically decipher how muscle fiber growth is controlled. We find that regulated activity of core members of the Hippo pathway is required to support flight muscle growth. Interestingly, we identify Dlg5 and Slmap as regulators of the STRIPAK phosphatase, which negatively regulates Hippo to enable post-mitotic muscle growth. Mechanistically, we show that the Hippo pathway controls timing and levels of sarcomeric gene expression during development and thus regulates the key components that physically mediate muscle growth. Since Dlg5, STRIPAK and the Hippo pathway are conserved a similar mechanism may contribute to muscle or cardiomyocyte growth in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aynur Kaya-Çopur
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Fabio Marchiano
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Marco Y Hein
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Daniel Alpern
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Julie Russeil
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nuno Miguel Luis
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Bart Deplancke
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, Turing Center for Living SystemsMarseilleFrance
- Max Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
An insight on Drosophila myogenesis and its assessment techniques. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9849-9863. [PMID: 33263930 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Movement assisted by muscles forms the basis of various behavioural traits seen in Drosophila. Myogenesis involves developmental processes like cellular specification, differentiation, migration, fusion, adherence to tendons and neuronal innervation in a series of coordinated event well defined in body space and time. Gene regulatory networks are switched on-off, fine tuning at the right developmental stage to assist each cellular event. Drosophila is a holometabolous organism that undergoes myogenesis waves at two developmental stages, and is ideal for comparative analysis of the role of genes and genetic pathways conserved across phyla. In this review we have summarized myogenic events from the embryo to adult focussing on the somatic muscle development during the early embryonic stage and then on indirect flight muscles (IFM) formation required for adult life, emphasizing on recent trends of analysing muscle mutants and advances in Drosophila muscle biology.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ghosh AC, Tattikota SG, Liu Y, Comjean A, Hu Y, Barrera V, Ho Sui SJ, Perrimon N. Drosophila PDGF/VEGF signaling from muscles to hepatocyte-like cells protects against obesity. eLife 2020; 9:56969. [PMID: 33107824 PMCID: PMC7752135 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PDGF/VEGF ligands regulate a plethora of biological processes in multicellular organisms via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine mechanisms. We investigated organ-specific metabolic roles of Drosophila PDGF/VEGF-like factors (Pvfs). We combine genetic approaches and single-nuclei sequencing to demonstrate that muscle-derived Pvf1 signals to the Drosophila hepatocyte-like cells/oenocytes to suppress lipid synthesis by activating the Pi3K/Akt1/TOR signaling cascade in the oenocytes. Functionally, this signaling axis regulates expansion of adipose tissue lipid stores in newly eclosed flies. Flies emerge after pupation with limited adipose tissue lipid stores and lipid level is progressively accumulated via lipid synthesis. We find that adult muscle-specific expression of pvf1 increases rapidly during this stage and that muscle-to-oenocyte Pvf1 signaling inhibits expansion of adipose tissue lipid stores as the process reaches completion. Our findings provide the first evidence in a metazoan of a PDGF/VEGF ligand acting as a myokine that regulates systemic lipid homeostasis by activating TOR in hepatocyte-like cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arpan C Ghosh
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sudhir Gopal Tattikota
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Yifang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Aram Comjean
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Yanhui Hu
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Victor Barrera
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Harvard Chan Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, United States
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zappia MP, de Castro L, Ariss MM, Jefferson H, Islam AB, Frolov MV. A cell atlas of adult muscle precursors uncovers early events in fibre-type divergence in Drosophila. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e49555. [PMID: 32815271 PMCID: PMC7534622 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201949555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Drosophila, the wing disc‐associated muscle precursor cells give rise to the fibrillar indirect flight muscles (IFM) and the tubular direct flight muscles (DFM). To understand early transcriptional events underlying this muscle diversification, we performed single‐cell RNA‐sequencing experiments and built a cell atlas of myoblasts associated with third instar larval wing disc. Our analysis identified distinct transcriptional signatures for IFM and DFM myoblasts that underlie the molecular basis of their divergence. The atlas further revealed various states of differentiation of myoblasts, thus illustrating previously unappreciated spatial and temporal heterogeneity among them. We identified and validated novel markers for both IFM and DFM myoblasts at various states of differentiation by immunofluorescence and genetic cell‐tracing experiments. Finally, we performed a systematic genetic screen using a panel of markers from the reference cell atlas as an entry point and found a novel gene, Amalgam which is functionally important in muscle development. Our work provides a framework for leveraging scRNA‐seq for gene discovery and details a strategy that can be applied to other scRNA‐seq datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Zappia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lucia de Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Majd M Ariss
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Holly Jefferson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Abul Bmmk Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Maxim V Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Muscle development : a view from adult myogenesis in Drosophila. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:39-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
26
|
Poovathumkadavil P, Jagla K. Genetic Control of Muscle Diversification and Homeostasis: Insights from Drosophila. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061543. [PMID: 32630420 PMCID: PMC7349286 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, the larval somatic muscles or the adult thoracic flight and leg muscles are the major voluntary locomotory organs. They share several developmental and structural similarities with vertebrate skeletal muscles. To ensure appropriate activity levels for their functions such as hatching in the embryo, crawling in the larva, and jumping and flying in adult flies all muscle components need to be maintained in a functionally stable or homeostatic state despite constant strain. This requires that the muscles develop in a coordinated manner with appropriate connections to other cell types they communicate with. Various signaling pathways as well as extrinsic and intrinsic factors are known to play a role during Drosophila muscle development, diversification, and homeostasis. In this review, we discuss genetic control mechanisms of muscle contraction, development, and homeostasis with particular emphasis on the contractile unit of the muscle, the sarcomere.
Collapse
|
27
|
Flight Muscle and Wing Mechanical Properties are Involved in Flightlessness of the Domestic Silkmoth, Bombyx mori. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11040220. [PMID: 32252362 PMCID: PMC7240457 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flight loss has occurred in many winged insect taxa. The flightless silkmoth Bombyx mori, is domesticated from the wild silkmoth, Bombyx mandarina, which can fly. In this paper, we studied morphological characteristics attributed to flightlessness in silkmoths. Three domestic flightless B. mori strains and one B. mandarina population were used to compare morphological components of the flight apparatus, including wing characteristics (shape, forewing area, loading, and stiffness), flight muscle (weight, ratio, and microscopic detail) and body mass. Compared with B. mandarina, B. mori strains have a larger body, greater wing loading, more flexible wings and a lower flight muscle ratio. The arrangement in microscopy of dorsal longitudinal flight muscles (DLFMs) of B. mori was irregular. Comparative analysis of the sexes suggests that degeneration of flight muscles and reduction of wing mechanical properties (stiffness) are associated with silkmoth flightlessness. The findings provide important clues for further research of the molecular mechanisms of B. mori flight loss.
Collapse
|
28
|
Nikonova E, Kao SY, Spletter ML. Contributions of alternative splicing to muscle type development and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 104:65-80. [PMID: 32070639 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Animals possess a wide variety of muscle types that support different kinds of movements. Different muscles have distinct locations, morphologies and contractile properties, raising the question of how muscle diversity is generated during development. Normal aging processes and muscle disorders differentially affect particular muscle types, thus understanding how muscles normally develop and are maintained provides insight into alterations in disease and senescence. As muscle structure and basic developmental mechanisms are highly conserved, many important insights into disease mechanisms in humans as well as into basic principles of muscle development have come from model organisms such as Drosophila, zebrafish and mouse. While transcriptional regulation has been characterized to play an important role in myogenesis, there is a growing recognition of the contributions of alternative splicing to myogenesis and the refinement of muscle function. Here we review our current understanding of muscle type specific alternative splicing, using examples of isoforms with distinct functions from both vertebrates and Drosophila. Future exploration of the vast potential of alternative splicing to fine-tune muscle development and function will likely uncover novel mechanisms of isoform-specific regulation and a more holistic understanding of muscle development, disease and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Maria L Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152 Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
González-Morales N, Xiao YS, Schilling MA, Marescal O, Liao KA, Schöck F. Myofibril diameter is set by a finely tuned mechanism of protein oligomerization in Drosophila. eLife 2019; 8:50496. [PMID: 31746737 PMCID: PMC6910826 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myofibrils are huge cytoskeletal assemblies embedded in the cytosol of muscle cells. They consist of arrays of sarcomeres, the smallest contractile unit of muscles. Within a muscle type, myofibril diameter is highly invariant and contributes to its physiological properties, yet little is known about the underlying mechanisms setting myofibril diameter. Here we show that the PDZ and LIM domain protein Zasp, a structural component of Z-discs, mediates Z-disc and thereby myofibril growth through protein oligomerization. Oligomerization is induced by an interaction of its ZM domain with LIM domains. Oligomerization is terminated upon upregulation of shorter Zasp isoforms which lack LIM domains at later developmental stages. The balance between these two isoforms, which we call growing and blocking isoforms sets the stereotyped diameter of myofibrils. If blocking isoforms dominate, myofibrils become smaller. If growing isoforms dominate, myofibrils and Z-discs enlarge, eventually resulting in large pathological aggregates that disrupt muscle function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu Shu Xiao
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | | | - Kuo An Liao
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Frieder Schöck
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sauerwald J, Backer W, Matzat T, Schnorrer F, Luschnig S. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 modulates invasive behavior of tracheal branches during entry into Drosophila flight muscles. eLife 2019; 8:48857. [PMID: 31577228 PMCID: PMC6795481 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tubular networks like the vasculature extend branches throughout animal bodies, but how developing vessels interact with and invade tissues is not well understood. We investigated the underlying mechanisms using the developing tracheal tube network of Drosophila indirect flight muscles (IFMs) as a model. Live imaging revealed that tracheal sprouts invade IFMs directionally with growth-cone-like structures at branch tips. Ramification inside IFMs proceeds until tracheal branches fill the myotube. However, individual tracheal cells occupy largely separate territories, possibly mediated by cell-cell repulsion. Matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) is required in tracheal cells for normal invasion speed and for the dynamic organization of growth-cone-like branch tips. MMP1 remodels the CollagenIV-containing matrix around branch tips, which show differential matrix composition with low CollagenIV levels, while Laminin is present along tracheal branches. Thus, tracheal-derived MMP1 sustains branch invasion by modulating the dynamic behavior of sprouting branches as well as properties of the surrounding matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sauerwald
- Institute for Zoophysiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (CiM), Münster, Germany
| | - Wilko Backer
- Institute for Zoophysiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (CiM), Münster, Germany
| | - Till Matzat
- Institute for Zoophysiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (CiM), Münster, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Luschnig
- Institute for Zoophysiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion (CiM), Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Large Scale Systemic RNAi Screen in the Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castaneum Identifies Novel Genes Involved in Insect Muscle Development. G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS 2019; 9:1009-1026. [PMID: 30733381 PMCID: PMC6469426 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Although muscle development has been widely studied in Drosophila melanogaster there are still many gaps in our knowledge, and it is not known to which extent this knowledge can be transferred to other insects. To help in closing these gaps we participated in a large-scale RNAi screen that used the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a screening platform. The effects of systemic RNAi were screened upon double-stranded RNA injections into appropriate muscle-EGFP tester strains. Injections into pupae were followed by the analysis of the late embryonic/early larval muscle patterns, and injections into larvae by the analysis of the adult thoracic muscle patterns. Herein we describe the results of the first-pass screens with pupal and larval injections, which covered ∼8,500 and ∼5,000 genes, respectively, of a total of ∼16,500 genes of the Tribolium genome. Apart from many genes known from Drosophila as regulators of muscle development, a collection of genes previously unconnected to muscle development yielded phenotypes in larval body wall and leg muscles as well as in indirect flight muscles. We then present the main candidates from the pupal injection screen that remained after being processed through a series of verification and selection steps. Further, we discuss why distinct though overlapping sets of genes are revealed by the Drosophila and Tribolium screening approaches.
Collapse
|
32
|
DeAguero AA, Castillo L, Oas ST, Kiani K, Bryantsev AL, Cripps RM. Regulation of fiber-specific actin expression by the Drosophila SRF ortholog Blistered. Development 2019; 146:dev.164129. [PMID: 30872277 PMCID: PMC6467476 DOI: 10.1242/dev.164129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Serum response factor (SRF) has an established role in controlling actin homeostasis in mammalian cells, yet its role in non-vertebrate muscle development has remained enigmatic. Here, we demonstrate that the single Drosophila SRF ortholog, termed Blistered (Bs), is expressed in all adult muscles, but Bs is required for muscle organization only in the adult indirect flight muscles. Bs is a direct activator of the flight muscle actin gene Act88F, via a conserved promoter-proximal binding site. However, Bs only activates Act88F expression in the context of the flight muscle regulatory program provided by the Pbx and Meis orthologs Extradenticle and Homothorax, and appears to function in a similar manner to mammalian SRF in muscle maturation. These studies place Bs in a regulatory framework where it functions to sustain the flight muscle phenotype in Drosophila Our studies uncover an evolutionarily ancient role for SRF in regulating muscle actin expression, and provide a model for how SRF might function to sustain muscle fate downstream of pioneer factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A DeAguero
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Lizzet Castillo
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Sandy T Oas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| | - Kaveh Kiani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Anton L Bryantsev
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA .,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Richard M Cripps
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA .,Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dasbiswas K, Hu S, Schnorrer F, Safran SA, Bershadsky AD. Ordering of myosin II filaments driven by mechanical forces: experiments and theory. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0114. [PMID: 29632266 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin II filaments form ordered superstructures in both cross-striated muscle and non-muscle cells. In cross-striated muscle, myosin II (thick) filaments, actin (thin) filaments and elastic titin filaments comprise the stereotypical contractile units of muscles called sarcomeres. Linear chains of sarcomeres, called myofibrils, are aligned laterally in registry to form cross-striated muscle cells. The experimentally observed dependence of the registered organization of myofibrils on extracellular matrix elasticity has been proposed to arise from the interactions of sarcomeric contractile elements (considered as force dipoles) through the matrix. Non-muscle cells form small bipolar filaments built of less than 30 myosin II molecules. These filaments are associated in registry forming superstructures ('stacks') orthogonal to actin filament bundles. Formation of myosin II filament stacks requires the myosin II ATPase activity and function of the actin filament crosslinking, polymerizing and depolymerizing proteins. We propose that the myosin II filaments embedded into elastic, intervening actin network (IVN) function as force dipoles that interact attractively through the IVN. This is in analogy with the theoretical picture developed for myofibrils where the elastic medium is now the actin cytoskeleton itself. Myosin stack formation in non-muscle cells provides a novel mechanism for the self-organization of the actin cytoskeleton at the level of the entire cell.This article is part of the theme issue 'Self-organization in cell biology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Dasbiswas
- James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shiqiong Hu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore.,Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IBDM, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Samuel A Safran
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Alexander D Bershadsky
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Republic of Singapore .,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nikonova E, Kao SY, Ravichandran K, Wittner A, Spletter ML. Conserved functions of RNA-binding proteins in muscle. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:29-49. [PMID: 30818081 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Animals require different types of muscle for survival, for example for circulation, motility, reproduction and digestion. Much emphasis in the muscle field has been placed on understanding how transcriptional regulation generates diverse types of muscle during development. Recent work indicates that alternative splicing and RNA regulation are as critical to muscle development, and altered function of RNA-binding proteins causes muscle disease. Although hundreds of genes predicted to bind RNA are expressed in muscles, many fewer have been functionally characterized. We present a cross-species view summarizing what is known about RNA-binding protein function in muscle, from worms and flies to zebrafish, mice and humans. In particular, we focus on alternative splicing regulated by the CELF, MBNL and RBFOX families of proteins. We discuss the systemic nature of diseases associated with loss of RNA-binding proteins in muscle, focusing on mis-regulation of CELF and MBNL in myotonic dystrophy. These examples illustrate the conservation of RNA-binding protein function and the marked utility of genetic model systems in understanding mechanisms of RNA regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Nikonova
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Shao-Yen Kao
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Keshika Ravichandran
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Anja Wittner
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany
| | - Maria L Spletter
- Biomedical Center, Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University München, Großhaderner Str. 9, 82152, Martinsried-Planegg, Germany; Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kaya-Çopur A, Schnorrer F. RNA Interference Screening for Genes Regulating Drosophila Muscle Morphogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1889:331-348. [PMID: 30367424 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8897-6_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is the method of choice to systematically test for gene function in an intact organism. The model organism Drosophila has the advantage that RNAi is cell autonomous, meaning it does not spread from one cell to the next. Hence, RNAi can be performed in a tissue-specific manner by expressing short or long inverted repeat constructs (hairpins) designed to target mRNAs from one specific target gene. This achieves tissue-specific knock-down of a target gene of choice. Here, we detail the methodology to test gene function in Drosophila muscle tissue by expressing hairpins in a muscle-specific manner using the GAL4-UAS system. We further discuss the systematic RNAi resource collections available which also permit large scale screens in a muscle-specific manner. The full power of such screens is revealed by combination of high-throughput assays followed by detailed morphological assays. Together, this chapter should be a practical guide to enable the reader to either test a few candidate genes, or large gene sets for particular functions in Drosophila muscle tissue and provide first insights into the biological process the gene might be important for in muscle.
Collapse
|
36
|
Ma P, Yun J, Deng H, Guo M. Atg1-mediated autophagy suppresses tissue degeneration in pink1/parkin mutants by promoting mitochondrial fission in Drosophila. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:3082-3092. [PMID: 30354903 PMCID: PMC6340213 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-04-0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered a hallmark of multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD). The PD familial genes pink1 and parkin function in a conserved pathway that regulates mitochondrial function, including dynamics (fusion and fission). Mammalian cell culture studies suggested that the pink1/parkin pathway promotes mitophagy (mitochondrial autophagy). Mitophagy through mitochondrial fission and autolysosomal recycling was considered a quality control system at the organelle level. Whether defects in this quality control machinery lead to pathogenesis in vivo in PD remains elusive. Here, we found that elevating autophagy by atg1 overexpression can significantly rescue mitochondrial defects and apoptotic cell death in pink1 and parkin mutants in Drosophila. Surprisingly, the rescue effect relied both on the autophagy–lysosome machinery and on drp1, a mitochondrial fission molecule. We further showed that Atg1 promotes mitochondrial fission by posttranscriptional increase in the Drp1 protein level. In contrast, increasing fission (by drp1 overexpression) or inhibiting fusion (by knocking down mitofusin [mfn]) rescues pink1 mutants when lysosomal or proteasomal machinery is impaired. Taken together, our results identified Atg1 as a dual-function node that controls mitochondrial quality by promoting mitochondria fission and autophagy, which makes it a potential therapeutic target for treatment of mitochondrial dysfunction–related diseases, including PD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ma
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China
| | - Jina Yun
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Hansong Deng
- Shanghai East Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 20092, China.,Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| | - Ming Guo
- Department of Neurology, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, and California NanoSystems Institute at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wester JVWC, Lima CAC, Machado MCR, Zampar PV, Tavares SS, Monesi N. Characterization of a novel Drosophila melanogaster cis-regulatory module that drives gene expression to the larval tracheal system and adult thoracic musculature. Genesis 2018; 56:e23222. [PMID: 30096221 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In a previous bioinformatics analysis we identified 10 conserved Drosophila melanogaster sequences that reside upstream from protein coding genes (CGs). Here we characterize one of these genomic regions, which constitutes a Drosophila melanogaster cis-regulatory module (CRM) that we denominate TT-CRM. The TT-CRM is 646 bp long and is located in one of the introns of CG32239 and resides about 3,500 bp upstream of CG13711 and about 620 bp upstream of CG12493. Analysis of 646 bp-lacZ lines revealed that TT-CRM drives gene expression not only to the larval, prepupal, and pupal tracheal system but also to the adult dorsal longitudinal muscles. The patterns of mRNA expression of the transgene and of the CGs that lie in the vicinity of TT-CRM were investigated both in dissected trachea and in adult thoraces. Through RT-qPCR we observed that in the tracheal system the pattern of expression of 646 bp-lacZ is similar to the pattern of expression of CG32239 and CG13711, whereas in the thoracic muscles 646 bp-lacZ expression accompanies the expression of CG12493. Together, these results suggest new functions for two previously characterized D. melanogaster genes and also contribute to the initial characterization of a novel CRM that drives a dynamic pattern of expression throughout development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Victor Wilfredo Cachay Wester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Celular e Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Antonio Couto Lima
- Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiaro Cabral Rosa Machado
- Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular e Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Vieira Zampar
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Sakagute Tavares
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nadia Monesi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Xu J, Vanderzalm PJ, Ludwig M, Su T, Tokamov SA, Fehon RG. Yorkie Functions at the Cell Cortex to Promote Myosin Activation in a Non-transcriptional Manner. Dev Cell 2018; 46:271-284.e5. [PMID: 30032991 PMCID: PMC6086586 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that controls organ size in animals. Yorkie is well known as a transcriptional co-activator that functions downstream of the Hippo pathway to positively regulate transcription of genes that promote tissue growth. Recent studies have shown that increased myosin activity activates both Yorkie and its vertebrate orthologue YAP, resulting in increased nuclear localization and tissue growth. Here we show that Yorkie also can accumulate at the cell cortex in the apical junctional region. Moreover, Yorkie functions at the cortex to promote activation of myosin through a myosin regulatory light chain kinase, Stretchin-Mlck. This Yorkie function is not dependent on its transcriptional activity and is required for larval and adult tissues to achieve appropriate size. Based on these results, we suggest that Yorkie functions in a feedforward "amplifier" loop that promotes myosin activation, and thereby greater Yorkie activity, in response to tension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Xu
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Pamela J Vanderzalm
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Biology, John Carroll University, University Heights, OH 44118, USA
| | - Michael Ludwig
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ting Su
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sherzod A Tokamov
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Richard G Fehon
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Spletter ML, Barz C, Yeroslaviz A, Zhang X, Lemke SB, Bonnard A, Brunner E, Cardone G, Basler K, Habermann BH, Schnorrer F. A transcriptomics resource reveals a transcriptional transition during ordered sarcomere morphogenesis in flight muscle. eLife 2018; 7:34058. [PMID: 29846170 PMCID: PMC6005683 DOI: 10.7554/elife.34058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscles organise pseudo-crystalline arrays of actin, myosin and titin filaments to build force-producing sarcomeres. To study sarcomerogenesis, we have generated a transcriptomics resource of developing Drosophila flight muscles and identified 40 distinct expression profile clusters. Strikingly, most sarcomeric components group in two clusters, which are strongly induced after all myofibrils have been assembled, indicating a transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis. Following myofibril assembly, many short sarcomeres are added to each myofibril. Subsequently, all sarcomeres mature, reaching 1.5 µm diameter and 3.2 µm length and acquiring stretch-sensitivity. The efficient induction of the transcriptional transition during myofibrillogenesis, including the transcriptional boost of sarcomeric components, requires in part the transcriptional regulator Spalt major. As a consequence of Spalt knock-down, sarcomere maturation is defective and fibers fail to gain stretch-sensitivity. Together, this defines an ordered sarcomere morphogenesis process under precise transcriptional control - a concept that may also apply to vertebrate muscle or heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Spletter
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Biomedical Center, Physiological ChemistryLudwig-Maximilians-Universität MünchenMartinsriedGermany
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Assa Yeroslaviz
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Xu Zhang
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- School of Life Science and EngineeringFoshan UniversityGuangdongChina
| | - Sandra B Lemke
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Adrien Bonnard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Erich Brunner
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Giovanni Cardone
- Imaging FacilityMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Konrad Basler
- Institute of Molecular Life SciencesUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Computational Biology GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, TAGCMarseilleFrance
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Muscle Dynamics GroupMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDMMarseilleFrance
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
The skeletal muscle system is the largest organ in motile animals, constituting between 35 and 55% of the human body mass, and up to 75% of the body mass in flying organisms like Drosophila. The flight muscles alone in flying insects comprise up to 65% of total body mass. Not only is the musculature the largest organ system, it is also exquisitely complex, with single muscles existing in different shapes and sizes. These different morphologies allow for such different functions as the high-frequency beating of a wing in a hummingbird, the dilation of the pupil in a human eye, or the maintenance of posture in a giraffe's neck.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Bothe
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mary K Baylies
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gunage RD, Dhanyasi N, Reichert H, VijayRaghavan K. Drosophila adult muscle development and regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:56-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
42
|
Deng S, Azevedo M, Baylies M. Acting on identity: Myoblast fusion and the formation of the syncytial muscle fiber. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:45-55. [PMID: 29101004 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The study of Drosophila muscle development dates back to the middle of the last century. Since that time, Drosophila has proved to be an ideal system for studying muscle development, differentiation, function, and disease. As in humans, Drosophila muscle forms via a series of conserved steps, starting with muscle specification, myoblast fusion, attachment to tendon cells, interactions with motorneurons, and sarcomere and myofibril formation. The genes and mechanisms required for these processes share striking similarities to those found in humans. The highly tractable genetic system and imaging approaches available in Drosophila allow for an efficient interrogation of muscle biology and for application of what we learn to other systems. In this article, we review our current understanding of muscle development in Drosophila, with a focus on myoblast fusion, the process responsible for the generation of syncytial muscle cells. We also compare and contrast those genes required for fusion in Drosophila and vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Deng
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Mafalda Azevedo
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States; Graduate Program in Basic and Applied Biology (GABBA), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mary Baylies
- Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Mechanical forces during muscle development. Mech Dev 2017; 144:92-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
44
|
spalt is functionally conserved in Locusta and Drosophila to promote wing growth. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44393. [PMID: 28300136 PMCID: PMC5353606 DOI: 10.1038/srep44393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Locusta has strong fly wings to ensure its long distance migration, but the molecular mechanism that regulates the Locusta wing development is poorly understood. To address the developmental mechanism of the Locusta flying wing, we cloned the Dpp target gene spalt (sal) and analyzed its function in wing growth in the Locusta. The Locusta wing size is apparently reduced with vein defects when sal is interfered by injection of dsRNA, indicating that sal is required for locust wing growth and vein formation. This function is conserved during the Drosophila wing development. To better understand sal’s function in wing growth, we then used Drosophila wing disc as a model for further study. We found that sal promotes cell proliferation in the whole wing disc via positive regulation of a microRNA bantam. Our results firstly unravel sal’s function in the Locusta wing growth and confirm a highly conserved function of sal in Locusta and Drosophila.
Collapse
|
45
|
Weitkunat M, Brasse M, Bausch AR, Schnorrer F. Mechanical tension and spontaneous muscle twitching precede the formation of cross-striated muscle in vivo. Development 2017; 144:1261-1272. [PMID: 28174246 PMCID: PMC5399620 DOI: 10.1242/dev.140723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Muscle forces are produced by repeated stereotypical actomyosin units called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are chained into linear myofibrils spanning the entire muscle fiber. In mammalian body muscles, myofibrils are aligned laterally, resulting in their typical cross-striated morphology. Despite this detailed textbook knowledge about the adult muscle structure, it is still unclear how cross-striated myofibrils are built in vivo. Here, we investigate the morphogenesis of Drosophila abdominal muscles and establish them as an in vivo model for cross-striated muscle development. By performing live imaging, we find that long immature myofibrils lacking a periodic actomyosin pattern are built simultaneously in the entire muscle fiber and then align laterally to give mature cross-striated myofibrils. Interestingly, laser micro-lesion experiments demonstrate that mechanical tension precedes the formation of the immature myofibrils. Moreover, these immature myofibrils do generate spontaneous Ca2+-dependent contractions in vivo, which, when chemically blocked, result in cross-striation defects. Taken together, these results suggest a myofibrillogenesis model in which mechanical tension and spontaneous muscle twitching synchronize the simultaneous self-organization of different sarcomeric protein complexes to build highly regular cross-striated myofibrils spanning the length of large muscle fibers. Summary: In Drosophila, immature myofibrils are built simultaneously across an entire muscle fiber, and then self-organize in a manner dependent on spontaneous contractions and mechanical tension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Weitkunat
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Martina Brasse
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Andreas R Bausch
- Lehrstuhl für Biophysik E27, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Straße 1, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, Martinsried 82152, Germany .,Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille (IBDM), CNRS, UMR 7288, Aix-Marseille Université, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Marseille 13288, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chechenova MB, Maes S, Oas ST, Nelson C, Kiani KG, Bryantsev AL, Cripps RM. Functional redundancy and nonredundancy between two Troponin C isoforms in Drosophila adult muscles. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:760-770. [PMID: 28077621 PMCID: PMC5349783 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-07-0498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout of either of two Drosophila Troponin C genes that are expressed in either the flight muscle or the jump muscle resulted in expansion of transcription of its paralogue into the affected muscle. Although either isoform can support normal jumping, only the flight isoform can support flight. We investigated the functional overlap of two muscle Troponin C (TpnC) genes that are expressed in the adult fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster: TpnC4 is predominantly expressed in the indirect flight muscles (IFMs), whereas TpnC41C is the main isoform in the tergal depressor of the trochanter muscle (TDT; jump muscle). Using CRISPR/Cas9, we created a transgenic line with a homozygous deletion of TpnC41C and compared its phenotype to a line lacking functional TpnC4. We found that the removal of either of these genes leads to expression of the other isoform in both muscle types. The switching between isoforms occurs at the transcriptional level and involves minimal enhancers located upstream of the transcription start points of each gene. Functionally, the two TpnC isoforms were not equal. Although ectopic TpnC4 in TDT muscles was able to maintain jumping ability, TpnC41C in IFMs could not effectively support flying. Simultaneous functional disruption of both TpnC genes resulted in jump-defective and flightless phenotypes of the survivors, as well as abnormal sarcomere organization. These results indicated that TpnC is required for myofibril assembly, and that there is functional specialization among TpnC isoforms in Drosophila.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Chechenova
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144
| | - Sara Maes
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Sandy T Oas
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Cloyce Nelson
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| | - Kaveh G Kiani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144
| | - Anton L Bryantsev
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144
| | - Richard M Cripps
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Omar M, Rebling J, Wicker K, Schmitt-Manderbach T, Schwarz M, Gateau J, López-Schier H, Mappes T, Ntziachristos V. Optical imaging of post-embryonic zebrafish using multi orientation raster scan optoacoustic mesoscopy. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16186. [PMID: 30167190 PMCID: PMC6061890 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body optical imaging of post-embryonic stage model organisms is a challenging and long sought-after goal. It requires a combination of high-resolution performance and high-penetration depth. Optoacoustic (photoacoustic) mesoscopy holds great promise, as it penetrates deeper than optical and optoacoustic microscopy while providing high-spatial resolution. However, optoacoustic mesoscopic techniques only offer partial visibility of oriented structures, such as blood vessels, due to a limited angular detection aperture or the use of ultrasound frequencies that yield insufficient resolution. We introduce 360° multi orientation (multi-projection) raster scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (MORSOM) based on detecting an ultra-wide frequency bandwidth (up to 160 MHz) and weighted deconvolution to synthetically enlarge the angular aperture. We report unprecedented isotropic in-plane resolution at the 9-17 μm range and improved signal to noise ratio in phantoms and opaque 21-day-old Zebrafish. We find that MORSOM performance defines a new operational specification for optoacoustic mesoscopy of adult organisms, with possible applications in the developmental biology of adulthood and aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Omar
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, München D-81675, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Johannes Rebling
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, München D-81675, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Kai Wicker
- Carl Zeiss AG, Corporate Research and Technology, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | | | - Mathias Schwarz
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, München D-81675, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Jérôme Gateau
- ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Langevin, Paris F-75005, France
| | - Hérnan López-Schier
- Research Unit Sensory Biology and Organogenesis, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Timo Mappes
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Technology & Innovation, Aalen D-73430, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Chair for Biological Imaging, Technische Universität München, München D-81675, Germany
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sarov M, Barz C, Jambor H, Hein MY, Schmied C, Suchold D, Stender B, Janosch S, K J VV, Krishnan RT, Krishnamoorthy A, Ferreira IRS, Ejsmont RK, Finkl K, Hasse S, Kämpfer P, Plewka N, Vinis E, Schloissnig S, Knust E, Hartenstein V, Mann M, Ramaswami M, VijayRaghavan K, Tomancak P, Schnorrer F. A genome-wide resource for the analysis of protein localisation in Drosophila. eLife 2016; 5:e12068. [PMID: 26896675 PMCID: PMC4805545 DOI: 10.7554/elife.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila genome contains >13000 protein-coding genes, the majority of which remain poorly investigated. Important reasons include the lack of antibodies or reporter constructs to visualise these proteins. Here, we present a genome-wide fosmid library of 10000 GFP-tagged clones, comprising tagged genes and most of their regulatory information. For 880 tagged proteins, we created transgenic lines, and for a total of 207 lines, we assessed protein expression and localisation in ovaries, embryos, pupae or adults by stainings and live imaging approaches. Importantly, we visualised many proteins at endogenous expression levels and found a large fraction of them localising to subcellular compartments. By applying genetic complementation tests, we estimate that about two-thirds of the tagged proteins are functional. Moreover, these tagged proteins enable interaction proteomics from developing pupae and adult flies. Taken together, this resource will boost systematic analysis of protein expression and localisation in various cellular and developmental contexts. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12068.001 The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism in biological research. Studies using Drosophila have led to important insights into human biology, because related proteins often fulfil similar roles in flies and humans. Thus, studying the role of a protein in Drosophila can teach us about what it might do in a human. To fulfil their biological roles, proteins often occupy particular locations inside cells, such as the cell’s nucleus or surface membrane. Many proteins are also only found in specific types of cell, such as neurons or muscle cells. A protein’s location thus provides clues about what it does, however cells contain many thousands of proteins and identifying the location of each one is a herculean task. Sarov et al. took on this challenge and developed a new resource to study the localisation of all Drosophila proteins during this animal’s development. First, genetic engineering was used to tag thousands of Drosophila proteins with a green fluorescent protein, so that they could be tracked under a microscope. Sarov et al. tagged about 10000 Drosophila proteins in bacteria, and then introduced almost 900 of them into flies to create genetically modified flies. Each fly line contains an extra copy of the tagged gene that codes for one tagged protein. About two-thirds of these tagged proteins appeared to work normally after they were introduced into flies. Sarov et al. then looked at over 200 of these fly lines in more detail and observed that many of the proteins were found in particular cell types and localized to specific parts of the cells. Video imaging of the tagged proteins in living fruit fly embryos and pupae revealed the proteins’ movements, while other techniques showed which proteins bind to the tagged proteins, and may therefore work together in protein complexes. This resource is openly available to the community, and so researchers can use it to study their favourite protein and gain new insights into how proteins work and are regulated during Drosophila development. Following on from this work, the next challenge will be to create more flies carrying tagged proteins, and to swap the green fluorescent tag with other experimentally useful tags. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.12068.002
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihail Sarov
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christiane Barz
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Helena Jambor
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marco Y Hein
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Dana Suchold
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Bettina Stender
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Stephan Janosch
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vinay Vikas K J
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - R T Krishnan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Aishwarya Krishnamoorthy
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Irene R S Ferreira
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Katja Finkl
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Susanne Hasse
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Philipp Kämpfer
- Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nicole Plewka
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Vinis
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Elisabeth Knust
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Volker Hartenstein
- Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Mani Ramaswami
- Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K VijayRaghavan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore, India
| | - Pavel Tomancak
- Max Planck Institute of Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schnorrer
- Muscle Dynamics Group, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Zappia MP, Frolov MV. E2F function in muscle growth is necessary and sufficient for viability in Drosophila. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10509. [PMID: 26823289 PMCID: PMC4740182 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The E2F transcription factor is a key cell cycle regulator. However, the inactivation of the entire E2F family in Drosophila is permissive throughout most of animal development until pupation when lethality occurs. Here we show that E2F function in the adult skeletal muscle is essential for animal viability since providing E2F function in muscles rescues the lethality of the whole-body E2F-deficient animals. Muscle-specific loss of E2F results in a significant reduction in muscle mass and thinner myofibrils. We demonstrate that E2F is dispensable for proliferation of muscle progenitor cells, but is required during late myogenesis to directly control the expression of a set of muscle-specific genes. Interestingly, E2f1 provides a major contribution to the regulation of myogenic function, while E2f2 appears to be less important. These findings identify a key function of E2F in skeletal muscle required for animal viability, and illustrate how the cell cycle regulator is repurposed in post-mitotic cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Paula Zappia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Maxim V. Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Frasch M. Dedifferentiation, Redifferentiation, and Transdifferentiation of Striated Muscles During Regeneration and Development. Curr Top Dev Biol 2016; 116:331-55. [PMID: 26970627 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
In some rare and striking cases, striated muscle fibers of the skeleton or body wall, which consist of terminally differentiated syncytia with complex ultrastructures, were found to be capable of dedifferentiating and fragmenting into mononucleate cells. Examples of such events will be discussed in which the dedifferentiated cells reenter the cell cycle, proliferate, and rebuilt damaged muscle fibers during limb regeneration or transdifferentiate to generate new types of muscles during normal development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manfred Frasch
- Department of Biology, Division of Developmental Biology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|