1
|
Sakaguchi H, Kojima T, Cheng Y, Nobusue S, Fukami K. Electrochemical on-surface synthesis of a strong electron-donating graphene nanoribbon catalyst. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5972. [PMID: 39075056 PMCID: PMC11286955 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
On-surface synthesis of edge-functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) has attracted much attention. However, producing such GNRs on a large scale through on-surface synthesis under ultra-high vacuum on thermally activated metal surfaces has been challenging. This is mainly due to the decomposition of functional groups at temperatures of 300 to 500 °C and limited monolayer GNR growth based on the metal catalysis. To overcome these obstacles, we developed an on-surface electrochemical technique that utilizes redox reactions of asymmetric precursors at an electric double layer where a strong electric field is confined to the liquid-solid interface. We successfully demonstrate layer-by-layer growth of strong electron-donating GNRs on electrodes at temperatures <80 °C without decomposing functional groups. We show that high-voltage facilitates previously unknown heterochiral di-cationic polymerization. Electrochemically produced GNRs exhibiting one of the strongest electron-donating properties known, enable extraordinary silicon-etching catalytic activity, exceeding those of noble metals, with superior photoconductive properties. Our technique advances the possibility of producing various edge-functional GNRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakaguchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yingbo Cheng
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shunpei Nobusue
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fukami
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yang M, Bai B, Bai H, Wei Z, Cao H, Zuo Z, Gao Z, Vinokurov VA, Zuo J, Wang Q, Huang W. On the nature of Cu-carbon interaction through N-modification for enhanced ethanol synthesis from syngas and methanol. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39027937 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01599a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Direct conversion of syngas into ethanol is an attractive process because of its short route and high-added value, but remains an enormous challenge due to the low selectivity caused by unclear active sites. Here, the Cu(111) supported N-modified graphene fragments C13-mNm/Cu(111) (m = 0-2) are demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for fabricating ethanol from syngas and methanol. Our results suggest that the Cu-carbon interaction not only facilitates CO activation, but also significantly affects the adsorption stability of C2 intermediates and finally changes the fundamental reaction mechanism. The impeded hydrogenation performance of C13/Cu(111) due to the introduced Cu-carbon interaction is dramatically improved by N-doping. Multiple analyses reveal that the promoted electron transfer and the enhanced electron endowing ability of C13-mNm/Cu(111) (m = 1-2) to the co-adsorbed CH3CHxOH (x = 0-1) and H are deemed to be mainly responsible for the remarkable enhancement in hydrogenation ability. From the standpoint of the frontier molecular orbital, the decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and the increased overlap extent of HOMO and LUMO with the doping of N atoms also further verify the more facile hydrogenation reactions. Clearly, the Cu-carbon interaction through N-modification is of critical importance in ethanol formation. The final hydrogenation reaction during ethanol formation is deemed to be the rate-controlling step. The insights gained here could shed new light on the nature of Cu-carbon interaction in carbon material modified Cu-based catalysts for ethanol synthesis, which could be extended to design and modify other metal-carbon catalysts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Hui Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhongzeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Haojie Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhijun Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Zhihua Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| | - Vladimir A Vinokurov
- Department of Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (National Research University), Leninskiy prospect 65/1, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Jianping Zuo
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Low Carbon Utilization of Coal, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean and Efficient Coal Utilization, college of chemical engineering and technology, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang H, Ding P, Xia GJ, Zhao X, E W, Yu M, Ma Z, Wang YG, Wang LS, Li J, Yang X. Formation of Supernarrow Borophene Nanoribbons. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406535. [PMID: 38652809 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Borophenes have sparked considerable interest owing to their fascinating physical characteristics and diverse polymorphism. However, borophene nanoribbons (BNRs) with widths less than 2 nm have not been achieved. Herein, we report the experimental realization of supernarrow BNRs. Combining scanning tunneling microscopy imaging with density functional theory modeling and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that, under the applied growth conditions, boron atoms can penetrate the outermost layer of Au(111) and form BNRs composed of a pair of zigzag (2,2) boron rows. The BNRs have a width self-contained to ∼1 nm and dipoles at the edges to keep them separated. They are embedded in the outermost Au layer and shielded on top by the evacuated Au atoms, free of the need for post-passivation. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy reveals distinct edge states, primarily attributed to the localized spin at the BNRs' zigzag edges. This work adds a new member to the boron material family and introduces a new physical feature to borophenes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Pengcheng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
| | - Guang-Jie Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiangyun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Wenlong E
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Miao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 150001, Harbin, China
- School of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology, 610000, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibo Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
| | - Yang-Gang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, 02912, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Theoretical Chemistry Center, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Xueming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 116023, Dalian, China
- Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, 518055, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pizzochero M, Tepliakov NV, Lischner J, Mostofi AA, Kaxiras E. One-Dimensional Magnetic Conduction Channels across Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbon/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterojunctions. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:6521-6528. [PMID: 38788172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
We examine the electronic structure of recently fabricated in-plane heterojunctions of zigzag graphene nanoribbons embedded in hexagonal boron nitride. We focus on hitherto unexplored interface configurations in which both edges of the nanoribbon are bonded to the same chemical species, either boron or nitrogen atoms. Using ab initio and mean-field Hubbard model calculations, we reveal the emergence of one-dimensional magnetic conducting channels at these interfaces. These channels originate from the energy shift of the magnetic interface states that is induced by charge transfer between the nanoribbon and hexagonal boron nitride. We further address the response of these heterojunctions to external electric and magnetic fields, demonstrating the tunability of energy and spin splittings in the electronic structure. Our findings establish that zigzag graphene nanoribbon/hexagonal boron nitride heterojunctions are a suitable platform for exploring and engineering spin transport in the atomically thin limit, with potential applications in integrated spintronic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Pizzochero
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Nikita V Tepliakov
- Departments of Materials and Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Lischner
- Departments of Materials and Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Arash A Mostofi
- Departments of Materials and Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- The Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Efthimios Kaxiras
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song S, Pinar Solé A, Matěj A, Li G, Stetsovych O, Soler D, Yang H, Telychko M, Li J, Kumar M, Chen Q, Edalatmanesh S, Brabec J, Veis L, Wu J, Jelinek P, Lu J. Highly entangled polyradical nanographene with coexisting strong correlation and topological frustration. Nat Chem 2024; 16:938-944. [PMID: 38374456 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Open-shell nanographenes exhibit unconventional π-magnetism arising from topological frustration or strong electron-electron interaction. However, conventional design approaches are typically limited to a single magnetic origin, which can restrict the number of correlated spins or the type of magnetic ordering in open-shell nanographenes. Here we present a design strategy that combines topological frustration and electron-electron interactions to fabricate a large fully fused 'butterfly'-shaped tetraradical nanographene on Au(111). We employ bond-resolved scanning tunnelling microscopy and spin-excitation spectroscopy to resolve the molecular backbone and reveal the strongly correlated open-shell character, respectively. This nanographene contains four unpaired electrons with both ferromagnetic and anti-ferromagnetic interactions, harbouring a many-body singlet ground state and strong multi-spin entanglement, which is well described by many-body calculations. Furthermore, we study the magnetic properties and spin states in the nanographene using a nickelocene magnetic probe. The ability to imprint and characterize many-body strongly correlated spins in polyradical nanographenes paves the way for future advancements in quantum information technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaotang Song
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrés Pinar Solé
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Matěj
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Guangwu Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Diego Soler
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Huimin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mykola Telychko
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Manish Kumar
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Qifan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Jiri Brabec
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Veis
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jishan Wu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Pavel Jelinek
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiong Lu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bam R, Yang W, Longhi G, Abbate S, Lucotti A, Tommasini M, Franzini R, Villani C, Catalano VJ, Olmstead MM, Chalifoux WA. Chiral Teropyrenes: Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404849. [PMID: 38818567 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We present the inaugural synthesis of a chiral teropyrene achieved through a four-fold alkyne benzannulation catalyzed by InCl3, resulting in good yields. The product underwent thorough characterization using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies, demonstrating a close agreement with calculated spectra. X-ray crystallographic analysis unveiled a notable twist in the molecule's backbone, with an end-to-end twist angle of 51°, consistent with computational predictions. Experimentally determined enantiomeric inversion barriers revealed a significant energy barrier of 23 kcal/mol, facilitating the isolation of enantiomers for analysis by circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) spectroscopies. These findings mark significant strides in the synthesis and characterization of chiral teropyrenes, offering insights into their structural and spectroscopic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Radha Bam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - Giovanna Longhi
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sergio Abbate
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Traslazionale, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta,", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta,", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Franzini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Claudio Villani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Università di Roma "La Sapienza", 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Vincent J Catalano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
| | - Marilyn M Olmstead
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, 95616, USA
| | - Wesley A Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada, 89557, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Badami-Behjat A, Galeotti G, Gutzler R, Pastoetter DL, Heckl WM, Feng X, Lackinger M. Iodine passivation facilitates on-surface synthesis of robust regular conjugated two-dimensional organogold networks on Au(111). NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1042-1051. [PMID: 38639757 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00496a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated organogold networks with anthra-tetrathiophene repeat units are synthesized by thermally activated debrominative coupling of 2,5,9,12-tetrabromoanthra[1,2-b:4,3-b':5,6-b'':8,7-b''']tetrathiophene (TBATT) precursor molecules on Au(111) surfaces under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Performing the reaction on iodine-passivated Au(111) surfaces promotes formation of highly regular structures, as revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). In contrast, coupling on bare Au(111) surfaces results in less regular networks due to the simultaneous expression of competing intermolecular binding motifs in the absence of error correction. The carbon-Au-carbon bonds confer remarkable robustness to the organogold networks, as evidenced by their high thermal stability. In addition, as suggested by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and underscored by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS), the organogold networks exhibit a small electronic band gap in the order of 1.0 eV due to their high π-conjugation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arash Badami-Behjat
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Gianluca Galeotti
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Rico Gutzler
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Dominik L Pastoetter
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wolfgang M Heckl
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Markus Lackinger
- Deutsches Museum, Museumsinsel 1, 80538 Munich, Germany.
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun K, Ishikawa A, Itaya R, Toichi Y, Yamakado T, Osuka A, Tanaka T, Sakamoto K, Kawai S. On-Surface Synthesis of Polyene-Linked Porphyrin Cooligomer. ACS NANO 2024; 18:13551-13559. [PMID: 38757371 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
π-Conjugated molecules are viewed as fundamental components in forthcoming molecular nanoelectronics in which semiconducting functional units are linked to each other via metallic molecular wires. However, it is still challenging to construct such block cooligomers on the surface. Here, we present a synthesis of [18]-polyene-linked Zn-porphyrin cooligomers via a two-step reaction of the alkyl groups on Cu(111) and Cu(110). Nonyl groups (-C9H19) substituted at the 5,15-meso positions of Zn-porphyrin were first transformed to alkenyl groups (-C9H10) by dehydrogenation. Subsequently, homocoupling of the terminal -CH2 groups resulted in the formation of extended [18]-polyene-linked porphyrin cooligomers. The structures of the products at each reaction step were investigated by bond-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy at low temperatures. A combination of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations revealed the metallic property of the all trans [18]-polyene linker on Cu(110). This finding may provide an approach to fabricate complex nanocarbon structures on the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ishikawa
- Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, School of Environment and Society, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ryota Itaya
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Toichi
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamakado
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Osuka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takayuki Tanaka
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sakamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Spintronics Research Network Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Šćepanović S, Kimouche A, Mirković J, Sadiek G, Klamroth T, Hassanien A. Delocalized spin states at zigzag termini of armchair graphene nanoribbon. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11641. [PMID: 38773311 PMCID: PMC11109170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62624-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy we demonstrate a revival of magnetism in 7-armchair nanoribbon by unpassivated atoms at the termini. Namely, a pair of intense Kondo resonances emerges at the peripheries of zigzag terminus revealing the many-body screening effects of local magnetic moments. Although Kondo resonance originates from a missing local orbital, it extends to a distance of 2.5 nm along the edge of the ribbon. The results are complemented by density functional theory calculations which suggest a possible coupling between Kondo states despite screening effects of substrate electrons. These findings indicate a possibility to restore intrinsic magnetic ordering in graphene nanoribbon without major structural modifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Šćepanović
- Jozef Stefan Institute, 39 Jamova, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Montenegro, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Amina Kimouche
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jovan Mirković
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Montenegro, 81000, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Gehad Sadiek
- Department of Applied Physics and Astronomy, University of Sharjah, 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Tillmann Klamroth
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Abdou Hassanien
- Jozef Stefan Institute, 39 Jamova, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Su S, Zhao J, Ly TH. Scanning Probe Microscopies for Characterizations of 2D Materials. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400211. [PMID: 38766949 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are intriguing due to their remarkably thin and flat structure. This unique configuration allows the majority of their constituent atoms to be accessible on the surface, facilitating easier electron tunneling while generating weak surface forces. To decipher the subtle signals inherent in these materials, the application of techniques that offer atomic resolution (horizontal) and sub-Angstrom (z-height vertical) sensitivity is crucial. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) emerges as the quintessential tool in this regard, owing to its atomic-level spatial precision, ability to detect unitary charges, responsiveness to pico-newton-scale forces, and capability to discern pico-ampere currents. Furthermore, the versatility of SPM to operate under varying environmental conditions, such as different temperatures and in the presence of various gases or liquids, opens up the possibility of studying the stability and reactivity of 2D materials in situ. The characteristic flatness, surface accessibility, ultra-thinness, and weak signal strengths of 2D materials align perfectly with the capabilities of SPM technologies, enabling researchers to uncover the nuanced behaviors and properties of these advanced materials at the nanoscale and even the atomic scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiang Su
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Jiong Zhao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Thuc Hue Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Center of Super-Diamond & Advanced Films (COSDAF), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
- Department of Chemistry and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ariga K, Song J, Kawakami K. Molecular machines working at interfaces: physics, chemistry, evolution and nanoarchitectonics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:13532-13560. [PMID: 38654597 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00724g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
As a post-nanotechnology concept, nanoarchitectonics combines nanotechnology with advanced materials science. Molecular machines made by assembling molecular units and their organizational bodies are also products of nanoarchitectonics. They can be regarded as the smallest functional materials. Originally, studies on molecular machines analyzed the average properties of objects dispersed in solution by spectroscopic methods. Researchers' playgrounds partially shifted to solid interfaces, because high-resolution observation of molecular machines is usually done on solid interfaces under high vacuum and cryogenic conditions. Additionally, to ensure the practical applicability of molecular machines, operation under ambient conditions is necessary. The latter conditions are met in dynamic interfacial environments such as the surface of water at room temperature. According to these backgrounds, this review summarizes the trends of molecular machines that continue to evolve under the concept of nanoarchitectonics in interfacial environments. Some recent examples of molecular machines in solution are briefly introduced first, which is followed by an overview of studies of molecular machines and similar supramolecular structures in various interfacial environments. The interfacial environments are classified into (i) solid interfaces, (ii) liquid interfaces, and (iii) various material and biological interfaces. Molecular machines are expanding their activities from the static environment of a solid interface to the more dynamic environment of a liquid interface. Molecular machines change their field of activity while maintaining their basic functions and induce the accumulation of individual molecular machines into macroscopic physical properties molecular machines through macroscopic mechanical motions can be employed to control molecular machines. Moreover, research on molecular machines is not limited to solid and liquid interfaces; interfaces with living organisms are also crucial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiko Ariga
- Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan.
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jingwen Song
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kohsaku Kawakami
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gao W, Zhi G, Zhou M, Niu T. Growth of Single Crystalline 2D Materials beyond Graphene on Non-metallic Substrates. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311317. [PMID: 38712469 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The advent of 2D materials has ushered in the exploration of their synthesis, characterization and application. While plenty of 2D materials have been synthesized on various metallic substrates, interfacial interaction significantly affects their intrinsic electronic properties. Additionally, the complex transfer process presents further challenges. In this context, experimental efforts are devoted to the direct growth on technologically important semiconductor/insulator substrates. This review aims to uncover the effects of substrate on the growth of 2D materials. The focus is on non-metallic substrate used for epitaxial growth and how this highlights the necessity for phase engineering and advanced characterization at atomic scale. Special attention is paid to monoelemental 2D structures with topological properties. The conclusion is drawn through a discussion of the requirements for integrating 2D materials with current semiconductor-based technology and the unique properties of heterostructures based on 2D materials. Overall, this review describes how 2D materials can be fabricated directly on non-metallic substrates and the exploration of growth mechanism at atomic scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Gao
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | | | - Miao Zhou
- Tianmushan Laboratory, Hangzhou, 310023, China
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Tianchao Niu
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Dong W, Li X, Lu S, Li J, Wang Y, Zhong M, Dong X, Xu Z, Shen Q, Gao S, Wu K, Peng LM, Hou S, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Unzipping Carbon Nanotubes to Sub-5-nm Graphene Nanoribbons on Cu(111) by Surface Catalysis. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308430. [PMID: 38126626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are promising in nanoelectronics for their quasi-1D structures with tunable bandgaps. The methods for controllable fabrication of high-quality GNRs are still limited. Here a way to generate sub-5-nm GNRs by annealing single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on Cu(111) is demonstrated. The structural evolution process is characterized by low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy. Substrate-dependent measurements on Au(111) and Ru(0001) reveal that the intermediate strong SWCNT-surface interaction plays a pivotal role in the formation of GNRs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dong
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuai Lu
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Mingjun Zhong
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xu Dong
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Zhen Xu
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Song Gao
- Institute of Spin Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 511442, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Ooe H, Yokoyama T. On-surface polymerization reactions of dibrominated hexaphenylbenzene influenced by densely packed self-assembly. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12939-12946. [PMID: 38629232 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00696h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Controlled bottom-up fabrication of molecular nanostructures through on-surface reactions of tailor-made precursors is of scientific and technological interest. Recently, on-surface polymerization reactions influenced by precursor self-assembly have been reported. Thus, a fundamental understanding of the reaction process is a prerequisite for controlled formation. Herein, we report on the influence of molecular self-assembly of dibrominated hexaphenylbenzene (Br2-HPB) on the on-surface polymerization reactions on a Au(111) substrate. By using low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), we find that the polymerization of Br2-HPB proceeds while maintaining the long-range ordered self-assembly, despite a decrease in HPB-HPB distance due to debromination and successive covalent bonding of Br2-HPB. From the STM investigations of the polymerization process, we conclude that the polymerization of Br2-HPB is accompanied by molecular rotations to maintain the periodic array of the self-assembled structure, contrary to the conventional understanding of the polymerization of the self-assembled precursor layer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ooe
- Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| | - Takashi Yokoyama
- Faculty of Science, Yokohama City University, 22-2 Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Slicker K, Delgado A, Jiang J, Tang W, Cronin A, Blackwell RE, Louie SG, Fischer FR. Engineering Small HOMO-LUMO Gaps in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Topologically Protected States. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:5387-5392. [PMID: 38629638 PMCID: PMC11066967 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Topological phases in laterally confined low-dimensional nanographenes have emerged as versatile design tools that can imbue otherwise unremarkable materials with exotic band structures ranging from topological semiconductors and quantum dots to intrinsically metallic bands. The periodic boundary conditions that define the topology of a given lattice have thus far prevented the translation of this technology to the quasi-zero-dimensional (0D) domain of small molecular structures. Here, we describe the synthesis of a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) featuring two localized zero modes (ZMs) formed by the topological junction interface between a trivial and nontrivial phase within a single molecule. First-principles density functional theory calculations predict a strong hybridization between adjacent ZMs that gives rise to an exceptionally small HOMO-LUMO gap. Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy corroborate the molecular structure of 9/7/9-double quantum dots and reveal an experimental quasiparticle gap of 0.16 eV, corresponding to a carbon-based small molecule long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) absorber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Slicker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Aidan Delgado
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jingwei Jiang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Weichen Tang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Adam Cronin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Raymond E. Blackwell
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Steven G. Louie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley,
and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing,
Data Science, and Society, University of
California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yamada TK, Nemoto R, Ishii H, Nishino F, Chang YH, Wang CH, Krüger P, Horie M. Designing 2D stripe winding network through crown-ether intermediate Ullmann coupling on Cu(111) surface. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:718-730. [PMID: 38533801 DOI: 10.1039/d3nh00586k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Chemical synthesis typically yields the most thermodynamically stable ordered arrangement, a principle also governing surface synthesis on an atomically level two-dimensional (2D) surface, fostering the creation of structured 2D formations. The linear connection arising from energetically stable chemical bonding precludes the generation of a 2D random network comprised of one-dimensional (1D) convoluted stripes through on-surface synthesis. Nonetheless, we underscored that on-surface synthesis possesses the capability not solely to fashion a 2D ordered linear network but also to fabricate a winding 2D network employing a precursor with a soft ring and intermediate state bonding within the Ullmann reaction. Here, on-surface synthesis was exhibited on Cu(111) employing a 2D self-assembled monolayer array of 4,4',5,5'-tetrabromodibenzo[18]crown-6 ether (BrCR) precursors. These precursors were purposefully structured, with a crown ether ring at the core and Br atoms positioned at the head and tail ends, facilitating preferential connections along the elongated axis to foster a 1D stripe configuration. We illustrate how adjustments in the quantities of the intermediate state, serving as a primary linkage, can yield a labyrinthine, convoluted winding 2D network of stripes. The progression of growth, underlying mechanisms, and electronic structures were scrutinized using an ultrahigh vacuum low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) setup combined with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This experimental evidence opens a novel functionality in leveraging on-surface synthesis for the formation of a 2D random network. This discovery holds promise as a pioneering constituent in the construction of a ring host supramolecule, augmenting its capability to ensnare guest atoms, molecules, or ions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toyo Kazu Yamada
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nemoto
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Haruki Ishii
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Fumi Nishino
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsien Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Peter Krüger
- Department of Materials Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-Cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan.
- Molecular Chirality Research Centre, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Esteki S, Farghadan R. Spin thermoelectric properties induced by hydrogen impurities in zigzag graphene nanoribbons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12035-12043. [PMID: 38576407 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of hydrogen impurities on the spin-dependent thermoelectric properties of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNRs) through density functional theory and the Landauer-Büttiker formula. Hydrogenation induces a net magnetism with a localized spin-dependent band around the Fermi energy in ZGNRs with different spin configurations, such as antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states. The results reveal spin-semiconducting behavior with a tunable energy gap and fully spin-polarized states in certain energy ranges. Application of a thermal gradient induces a thermal spin current, leading to the emergence of the spin Seebeck effect (SSE). By strategically placing a single hydrogen atom in various positions within the ZGNRs, we demonstrate that the hydrogen impurity's location significantly influences the spin-dependent thermoelectric properties, offering opportunities for enhanced thermoelectric performance through engineering. The observed spin thermocurrent and SSE in different impurity locations, considering both ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic spin configurations, highlight the potential of hydrogenated ZGNRs in spin-dependent thermoelectric devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Esteki
- Department of Physics, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yi ZY, Wang ZC, Li RN, Li ZH, Duan JJ, Yang XQ, Wang YQ, Chen T, Wang D, Wan LJ. Silver Surface-Assisted Dehydrobrominative Cross-Coupling between Identical Aryl Bromides. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38598684 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Cross-coupling reactions represent an indispensable tool in chemical synthesis. An intriguing challenge in this field is to achieve selective cross-coupling between two precursors with similar reactivity or, to the limit, the identical molecules. Here we report an unexpected dehydrobrominative cross-coupling between 1,3,5-tris(2-bromophenyl)benzene molecules on silver surfaces. Using scanning tunneling microscopy, we examine the reaction process at the single-molecular level, quantify the selectivity of the dehydrobrominative cross-coupling, and reveal the modulation of selectivity by substrate lattice-related catalytic activity or molecular assembly effect. Theoretical calculations indicate that the dehydrobrominative cross-coupling proceeds via regioselective C-H bond activation of debrominated TBPB and subsequent highly selective C-C coupling of the radical-based intermediates. The reaction kinetics plays an important role in the selectivity for the cross-coupling. This work not only expands the toolbox for chemical synthesis but also provides important mechanistic insights into the selectivity of coupling reactions on the surface.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yu Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zi-Cong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruo-Ning Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun-Jie Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xue-Qing Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yu-Qi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Dong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Le HA, Lee IH, Kim YH, Eric Yang SR. Phase diagram and crossover phases of topologically ordered graphene zigzag nanoribbons: role of localization effects. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:265604. [PMID: 38547530 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad38f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
We computed the phase diagram of zigzag graphene nanoribbons as a function of on-site repulsion, doping, and disorder strength. The topologically ordered phase undergoes topological phase transitions into crossover phases, which are new disordered phases with non-universal topological entanglement entropy that exhibits significant variance. We explored the nature of non-local correlations in both the topologically ordered and crossover phases. In the presence of localization effects, strong on-site repulsion and/or doping weaken non-local correlations between the opposite zigzag edges of the topologically ordered phase. In one of the crossover phases, bothe-/2solitonic fractional charges and spin-charge separation were absent; however, charge-transfer correlations between the zigzag edges were possible. Another crossover phase contains solitonice-/2fractional charges but lacks charge transfer correlations. We also observed properties of non-topological, strongly disordered, and strongly repulsive phases. Each phase on the phase diagram exhibits a different zigzag-edge structure. Additionally, we investigated the tunneling of solitonic fractional charges under an applied voltage between the zigzag edges of undoped topologically ordered zigzag ribbons, and found that it may lead to a zero-bias tunneling anomaly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoang-Anh Le
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Heon Kim
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - S-R Eric Yang
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhu X, Li K, Liu J, Wang Z, Ding Z, Su Y, Yang B, Yan K, Li G, Yu P. Topological Structure Realized in Cove-Edged Graphene Nanoribbons via Incorporation of Periodic Pentagon Rings. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7152-7158. [PMID: 38421279 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Cove-edged zigzag graphene nanoribbons are predicted to show metallic, topological, or trivial semiconducting band structures, which are precisely determined by their cove offset positions at both edges as well as the ribbon width. However, due to the challenge of introducing coves into zigzag-edged graphene nanoribbons, only a few cove-edged graphene nanoribbons with trivial semiconducting bandgaps have been realized experimentally. Here, we report that the topological band structure can be realized in cove-edged graphene nanoribbons by embedding periodic pentagon rings on the cove edges through on-surface synthesis. Upon noncontact atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements, the chemical and electronic structures of cove-edged graphene nanoribbons with periodic pentagon rings have been characterized for different lengths. Combined with theoretical calculations, we find that upon inducing periodic pentagon rings the cove-edged graphene nanoribbons exhibit nontrivial topological structures. Our results provide insights for the design and understanding of the topological character in cove-edged graphene nanoribbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xujie Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Kezhen Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Yunlong Su
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - KaKing Yan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Fang T, Zhang T, Hu T, Wang Z. Atomic-Limit Mott Insulator in [4]Triangulene Frameworks. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:3059-3066. [PMID: 38426713 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Triangulene, one unique class of zigzag-edged triangular graphene molecules, has attracted tremendous research interest. In this work, as an ultimate phase of the Mott insulator, we present the realization of the atomic-limit Mott insulator in experimentally synthesized [4]triangulene frameworks ([4]-TGFs) from first-principles calculations. The frontier molecular orbitals of the nonmagnetic [4]triangulene consist of three coupled corner modes. After the isolated [4]triangulene is assembled into [4]-TGF, one special enantiomorphic flat band is created through the coupling of these corner modes, which is identified to be a second-order topological insulator with half-filled topological corner states at the Fermi level. Moreover, [4]-TGF prefers an antiferromagnetic ground state under Hubbard interactions, which further splits these metallic zero-energy states into an atomic-limit Mott insulator with spin-polarized corners. Since the fractional filling of topological corner states is a smoking-gun signature of higher-order topology, our results demonstrate a universal approach to explore the atomic-limit Mott insulators in higher-order topological materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Fang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingfeng Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyi Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfei Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230088, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhou W, Luo C, Chao Y, Xiong S, Long M, Chen T. First-principles study on the electronic properties of biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+, and T-graphene based nanoribbons. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8067-8074. [PMID: 38454942 PMCID: PMC10918769 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00806e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the successful separation of graphene, carbon materials with the excellent physical and chemical properties have attracted the interest of a large number of researchers. In this paper, density functional theory combined with non-equilibrium Green's function is used to systematically study the electronic structures of two-dimensional biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+ and T-graphene, and to reveal the electron transport properties of net-graphene nanodevices under asymmetric regulation. The results show that biphenylene, net-graphene, graphene+, and T-graphene all show metallic properties, in which biphenylene and net-graphene show anisotropy, while graphene+ and T-graphene show isotropy. In addition, for the one-dimensional new carbon based nanoribbons, except for the armchair-edged net-graphene and biphenylene nanoribbons, which exhibit semiconductor properties and a band gap value of 0.08 eV, the rest of the carbon nanoribbons display metal properties. Interestingly, two of them showed a tendency to oscillate and decrease the band gap value with increasing width, while BPN-2 biphenylene nanoribbons directly changed from exhibiting semiconductor to metallic properties with increasing width combination with no oscillation. The electronic transport properties of net-graphene nanoribbons based nanodevice models for electrons transform along zigzag and armchair directions are systematically studied. An obvious negative differential resistance characteristic along the armchair and zigzag directions can be found. Overall, these interesting results show that these new net-graphene nanodevices have good practical application prospects in future electronic nanodevices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhou
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Cheng Luo
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Yun Chao
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Songbo Xiong
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
| | - Menegqiu Long
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Super Micro-structure and Ultrafast Process, Central South University Changsha 410083 China
| | - Tong Chen
- Energy Materials Computing Center, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Z, Pham HDM, Perepichka DF, Khaliullin RZ. Prediction of highly stable 2D carbon allotropes based on azulenoid kekulene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1953. [PMID: 38438387 PMCID: PMC10912223 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous interest in two-dimensional (2D) carbon allotropes, discovering stable 2D carbon structures with practically useful electronic properties presents a significant challenge. Computational modeling in this work shows that fusing azulene-derived macrocycles - azulenoid kekulenes (AK) - into graphene leads to the most stable 2D carbon allotropes reported to date, excluding graphene. Density functional theory predicts that placing the AK units in appropriate relative positions in the graphene lattice opens the 0.54 eV electronic bandgap and leads to the appearance of the remarkable 0.80 eV secondary gap between conduction bands - a feature that is rare in 2D carbon allotropes but is known to enhance light absorption and emission in 3D semiconductors. Among porous AK structures, one material stands out as a stable narrow-multigap (0.36 and 0.56 eV) semiconductor with light charge carriers (me = 0.17 m0, mh = 0.19 m0), whereas its boron nitride analog is a wide-multigap (1.51 and 0.82 eV) semiconductor with light carriers (me = 0.39 m0, mh = 0.32 m0). The multigap engineering strategy proposed here can be applied to other carbon nanostructures creating novel 2D materials for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhe Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada
| | - Hanh D M Pham
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada.
| | - Rustam Z Khaliullin
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St West, Montreal, H3A 0B8, QC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu X, Kinikar A, Di Giovannantonio M, Pignedoli CA, Ruffieux P, Müllen K, Fasel R, Narita A. On-Surface Synthesis of Anthracene-Fused Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons from 2,7-Dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl Reveals Unexpected Ring Rearrangements. PRECISION CHEMISTRY 2024; 2:81-87. [PMID: 38425747 PMCID: PMC10900509 DOI: 10.1021/prechem.3c00116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as a powerful strategy to fabricate unprecedented forms of atomically precise graphene nanoribbons (GNRs). However, the on-surface synthesis of zigzag GNRs (ZGNR) has met with only limited success. Herein, we report the synthesis and on-surface reactions of 2,7-dibromo-9,9'-bianthryl as the precursor toward π-extended ZGNRs. Characterization by scanning tunneling microscopy and high-resolution noncontact atomic force microscopy clearly demonstrated the formation of anthracene-fused ZGNRs. Unique skeletal rearrangements were also observed, which could be explained by intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition. Theoretical calculations of the electronic properties of the anthracene-fused ZGNRs revealed spin-polarized edge-states and a narrow bandgap of 0.20 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiushang Xu
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Amogh Kinikar
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute
of Structure of Matter − CNR (ISM-CNR), via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg
University Mainz, Duesbergweg
10-14, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa,
Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces
Laboratory, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department
of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Organic
and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute
of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Kunigami-gun, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Xu J, Xing S, Hu J, Shi Z. Stepwise on-surface synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoribbons. Commun Chem 2024; 7:40. [PMID: 38402282 PMCID: PMC10894233 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-024-01123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Precise synthesis of carbon-based nanostructures with well-defined structural and chemical properties is of significance towards organic nanomaterials, but remains challenging. Herein, we report on a synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoribbons through a stepwise on-surface polymerization. Scanning tunneling microscopy revealed that the selectivity in molecular conformation, intermolecular debrominative aryl-aryl coupling and inter-chain dehydrogenative cross-coupling determined the well-defined topology and chemistry of the final products. Density functional theory calculations predict that the ribbons are semiconductors, and the band gap can be tuned by the width of the ribbons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Shuaipeng Xing
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
| | - Jun Hu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315112, China.
| | - Ziliang Shi
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics & Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
García SGY, Betancur-Ocampo Y, Sánchez-Ochoa F, Stegmann T. Atomically Thin Current Pathways in Graphene through Kekulé-O Engineering. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2322-2327. [PMID: 38329068 PMCID: PMC10885192 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the current flow in graphene can be guided on atomically thin current pathways by the engineering of Kekulé-O distortions. A grain boundary in these distortions separates the system into topologically distinct regions and induces a ballistic domain-wall state. The state is independent of the orientation of the grain boundary with respect to the graphene sublattice and permits guiding the current on arbitrary paths. As the state is gapped, the current flow can be switched by electrostatic gates. Our findings are explained by a generalization of the Jackiw-Rebbi model, where the electrons behave in one region of the system as Fermions with an effective complex mass, making the device not only promising for technological applications but also a test-ground for concepts from high-energy physics. An atomic model supported by DFT calculations demonstrates that the system can be realized by decorating graphene with Ti atoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Galván Y García
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| | - Yonatan Betancur-Ocampo
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Sánchez-Ochoa
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México
| | - Thomas Stegmann
- Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 62210 Cuernavaca, México
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abadia M, Piquero-Zulaica I, Brede J, Verdini A, Floreano L, V. Barth J, Lobo-Checa J, Corso M, Rogero C. Enhancing Haloarene Coupling Reaction Efficiency on an Oxide Surface by Metal Atom Addition. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1923-1930. [PMID: 38315034 PMCID: PMC10870764 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The bottom-up synthesis of carbon-based nanomaterials directly on semiconductor surfaces allows for the decoupling of their electronic and magnetic properties from the substrates. However, the typically reduced reactivity of such nonmetallic surfaces adversely affects the course of these reactions. Here, we achieve a high polymerization yield of halogenated polyphenyl molecular building blocks on the semiconducting TiO2(110) surface via concomitant surface decoration with cobalt atoms, which catalyze the Ullmann coupling reaction. Specifically, cobalt atoms trigger the debromination of 4,4″-dibromo-p-terphenyl molecules on TiO2(110) and mediate the formation of an intermediate organometallic phase already at room temperature (RT). As the debromination temperature is drastically reduced, homocoupling and polymerization readily proceed, preventing presursor desorption from the substrate and entailing a drastic increase of the poly-para-phenylene polymerization yield. The general efficacy of this mechanism is shown with an iodinated terphenyl derivative, which exhibits similar dehalogenation and reaction yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikel Abadia
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Physics
Department E20, Technical University of
Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jens Brede
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alberto Verdini
- CNR-IOM,
Instituto Officina dei Materiali Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luca Floreano
- CNR-IOM,
Instituto Officina dei Materiali Laboratorio TASC, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics
Department E20, Technical University of
Munich (TUM), 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jorge Lobo-Checa
- Instituto
de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento
de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Celia Rogero
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CSIC-UPV/EHU), Materials Physics Center
MPC, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, E-20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li G, Wang H, Loes M, Saxena A, Yin J, Sarker M, Choi S, Aluru N, Lyding JW, Sinitskii A, Dong G. Hybrid Edge Results in Narrowed Band Gap: Bottom-up Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Bent N = 6/8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2024; 18:4297-4307. [PMID: 38253346 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Scalable fabrication of graphene nanoribbons with narrow band gaps has been a nontrivial challenge. Here, we have developed a simple approach to access narrow band gaps using hybrid edge structures. Bottom-up liquid-phase synthesis of bent N = 6/8 armchair graphene nanoribbons (AGNRs) has been achieved in high efficiency through copolymerization between an o-terphenyl monomer and a naphthalene-based monomer, followed by Scholl oxidation. An unexpected 1,2-aryl migration has been discovered, which is responsible for introducing kinked structures into the GNR backbones. The N = 6/8 AGNRs have been fully characterized to support the proposed structure and show a narrow band gap and a relatively high electrical conductivity. In addition, their application in efficient gas sensing has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Hanfei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Michael Loes
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Anshul Saxena
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jiangliang Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Mamun Sarker
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Shinyoung Choi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Narayana Aluru
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Joseph W Lyding
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Holonyak Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Alexander Sinitskii
- Department of Chemistry, Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Piquero-Zulaica I, Corral-Rascón E, Diaz de Cerio X, Riss A, Yang B, Garcia-Lekue A, Kher-Elden MA, Abd El-Fattah ZM, Nobusue S, Kojima T, Seufert K, Sakaguchi H, Auwärter W, Barth JV. Deceptive orbital confinement at edges and pores of carbon-based 1D and 2D nanoarchitectures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1062. [PMID: 38316774 PMCID: PMC10844643 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The electronic structure defines the properties of graphene-based nanomaterials. Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) experiments on graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), nanographenes, and nanoporous graphene (NPG) often determine an apparent electronic orbital confinement into the edges and nanopores, leading to dubious interpretations such as image potential states or super-atom molecular orbitals. We show that these measurements are subject to a wave function decay into the vacuum that masks the undisturbed electronic orbital shape. We use Au(111)-supported semiconducting gulf-type GNRs and NPGs as model systems fostering frontier orbitals that appear confined along the edges and nanopores in STS measurements. DFT calculations confirm that these states originate from valence and conduction bands. The deceptive electronic orbital confinement observed is caused by a loss of Fourier components, corresponding to states of high momentum. This effect can be generalized to other 1D and 2D carbon-based nanoarchitectures and is important for their use in catalysis and sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Piquero-Zulaica
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Eduardo Corral-Rascón
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Xabier Diaz de Cerio
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Alexander Riss
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany.
| | - Biao Yang
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Aran Garcia-Lekue
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, E-20018, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Mohammad A Kher-Elden
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zakaria M Abd El-Fattah
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, E-11884, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shunpei Nobusue
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kojima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Knud Seufert
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Sakaguchi
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, 611-0011, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Willi Auwärter
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V Barth
- Physics Department E20, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Straße 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ma XH, Gao X, Chen JY, Cao M, Dai Q, Jia ZK, Zhou YB, Zhao XJ, Chu C, Liu G, Tan YZ. Soluble Nanographene C 222: Synthesis and Applications for Synergistic Photodynamic/Photothermal Therapy. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2411-2418. [PMID: 38234111 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Nanographene C222, which consists of a planar graphenic plane containing 222 carbon atoms, holds the record as the largest planar nanographene synthesized to date. However, its complete insolubility makes the processing of C222 difficult. Here we addressed this issue by introducing peripheral substituents perpendicular to the graphene plane, effectively disrupting the interlayer stacking and endowing C222 with good solubility. We also found that the electron-withdrawing substituents played a crucial role in the cyclodehydrogenation process, converting the dendritic polyphenylene precursor to C222. After disrupting the interlayer stacking, the introduction of only a few peripheral carboxylic groups allowed C222 to dissolve in phosphate buffer saline, reaching a concentration of up to 0.5 mg/mL. Taking advantage of the good photosensitizing and photothermal properties of the inner C222 core, the resulting water-soluble C222 emerged as a single-component agent for both photothermal and photodynamic tumor therapy, exhibiting an impressive tumor inhibition rate of 96%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Jia-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Maofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Qixuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhe-Kun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuan-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xin-Jing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Chengchao Chu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao C, Bhagwandin DD, Xu W, Ruffieux P, Khan SI, Pignedoli CA, Fasel R, Rubin Y. Dramatic Acceleration of the Hopf Cyclization on Gold(111): From Enediynes to Peri-Fused Diindenochrysene Graphene Nanoribbons. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2474-2483. [PMID: 38227949 PMCID: PMC10835731 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Hopf et al. reported the high-temperature 6π-electrocyclization of cis-hexa-1,3-diene-5-yne to benzene in 1969. Subsequent studies using this cyclization have been limited by its very high reaction barrier. Here, we show that the reaction barrier for two model systems, (E)-1,3,4,6-tetraphenyl-3-hexene-1,5-diyne (1a) and (E)-3,4-bis(4-iodophenyl)-1,6-diphenyl-3-hexene-1,5-diyne (1b), is decreased by nearly half on a Au(111) surface. We have used scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) to monitor the Hopf cyclization of enediynes 1a,b on Au(111). Enediyne 1a undergoes two sequential, quantitative Hopf cyclizations, first to naphthalene derivative 2, and finally to chrysene 3. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that a gold atom from the Au(111) surface is involved in all steps of this reaction and that it is crucial to lowering the reaction barrier. Our findings have important implications for the synthesis of novel graphene nanoribbons. Ullmann-like coupling of enediyne 1b at 20 °C on Au(111), followed by a series of Hopf cyclizations and aromatization reactions at higher temperatures, produces nanoribbons 12 and 13. These results show for the first time that graphene nanoribbons can be synthesized on a Au(111) surface using the Hopf cyclization mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Zhao
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dayanni D Bhagwandin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Wangwei Xu
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Saeed I Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yves Rubin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, 607 Charles Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, California 90095-1567, United States
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sarkar S, Kumar A, Cho D. Spin-polarized electrical transport properties of organic radicals in presence of zigzag-graphene nanoribbon leads. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:044703. [PMID: 38265086 DOI: 10.1063/5.0186359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present work delves into the spin-polarized transport property of organic radicals sandwiched between two zigzag-graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR) electrodes by employing density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's function technique. We demonstrated that the magnetic center(s) of the radical can manipulate the localized edge states of the ZGNR in the scattering region, causing ferromagnetic coupling. Such manipulation of the magnetic edges results in a high spin-filter effect in molecular junctions, and even the antiferromagnetic diradicals serve as nearly perfect spin filters. We have confirmed that this is a general phenomenon of ZGNR by analyzing two antiferromagnetic diradicals and a doublet. The spin-polarized density of states, transmission spectra, and current vs voltage curves of the systems provide strong evidence for our findings. This research strongly suggests that ZGNRs attached with organic radicals could be the perfect building blocks for spintronic materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudip Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Ameet Kumar
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| | - Daeheum Cho
- Department of Chemistry and Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nagahara T, Camargo FVA, Xu F, Ganzer L, Russo M, Zhang P, Perri A, de la Cruz Valbuena G, Heisler IA, D’Andrea C, Polli D, Müllen K, Feng X, Mai Y, Cerullo G. Electronic Structure of Isolated Graphene Nanoribbons in Solution Revealed by Two-Dimensional Electronic Spectroscopy. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:797-804. [PMID: 38189787 PMCID: PMC10811683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are nanostructures with unique optoelectronic properties. In the liquid phase, strong aggregation typically hampers the assessment of their intrinsic properties. Recently we reported a novel type of GNRs, decorated with aliphatic side chains, yielding dispersions consisting mostly of isolated GNRs. Here we employ two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy to unravel the optical properties of isolated GNRs and disentangle the transitions underlying their broad and rather featureless absorption band. We observe that vibronic coupling, typically neglected in modeling, plays a dominant role in the optical properties of GNRs. Moreover, a strong environmental effect is revealed by a large inhomogeneous broadening of the electronic transitions. Finally, we also show that the photoexcited bright state decays, on the 150 fs time scale, to a dark state which is in thermal equilibrium with the bright state, that remains responsible for the emission on nanosecond time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuhiko Nagahara
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry and Materials Technology, Kyoto
Institute of Technology, 606-8585 Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Fugui Xu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lucia Ganzer
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Russo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Antonio Perri
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Ismael A. Heisler
- Departamento
de Física, Universidade Federal do
Paraná, Caixa
Postal 19044, 81531-990 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cosimo D’Andrea
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Dario Polli
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Department
of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische
Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yiyong Mai
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for
Transformative Molecules, Shanghai Jiao
Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhong Q, Jung J, Kohrs D, Kaczmarek LA, Ebeling D, Mollenhauer D, Wegner HA, Schirmeisen A. Deciphering the Mechanism of On-Surface Dehydrogenative C-C Coupling Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1849-1859. [PMID: 38226612 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has proven to be a powerful approach for fabricating various low-dimensional covalent nanostructures with atomic precision that could be challenging for conventional solution chemistry. Dehydrogenative Caryl-Caryl coupling is one of the most popular on-surface reactions, of which the mechanisms, however, have not been well understood due to the lack of microscopic insights into the intermediates that are fleetingly existing under harsh reaction conditions. Here, we bypass the most energy-demanding initiation step to generate and capture some of the intermediates at room temperature (RT) via the cyclodehydrobromination of 1-bromo-8-phenylnaphthalene on a Cu(111) surface. Bond-level scanning probe imaging and manipulation in combination with DFT calculations allow for the identification of chemisorbed radicals, cyclized intermediates, and dehydrogenated products. These intermediates correspond to three main reaction steps, namely, debromination, cyclization (radical addition), and H elimination. H elimination is the rate-determining step as evidenced by the predominant cyclized intermediates. Furthermore, we reveal a long-overlooked pathway of dehydrogenation, namely, atomic hydrogen-catalyzed H shift and elimination, based on the observation of intermediates for H shift and superhydrogenation and the proof of a self-amplifying effect of the reaction. This pathway is further corroborated by comprehensive theoretical analysis on the reaction thermodynamics and kinetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qigang Zhong
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jannis Jung
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Kohrs
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - L Alix Kaczmarek
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Daniel Ebeling
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Doreen Mollenhauer
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Hermann A Wegner
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - André Schirmeisen
- Institute of Applied Physics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research (LaMa), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35392, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xing L, Li J, Bai Y, Lin Y, Xiao L, Li C, Zhao D, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu J, Wu K. Surface-confined alternating copolymerization with molecular precision by stoichiometric control. Nat Commun 2024; 15:666. [PMID: 38253587 PMCID: PMC10803352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44955-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Keen desires for artificial mimicry of biological polymers and property improvement of synthesized ones have triggered intensive explorations for sequence-controlled copolymerization. However, conventional synthesis faces great challenges to achieve this goal due to the strict requirements on reaction kinetics of comonomer pairs and tedious synthetic processes. Here, sequence-controlled alternating copolymerization with molecular precision is realized on surface. The stoichiometric control serves as a thermodynamic strategy to steer the polymerization selectivity, which enables the selective alternating organometallic copolymerization via intermolecular metalation of 4,4"-dibromo-p-terphenyl (P-Br) and 2,5-diethynyl-1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (A-H) with Ag adatoms on Ag(111) at P-Br: A-H = 2, as verified by scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies. In contrast, homopolymerization yield increases as the stoichiometric ratio deviates from 2. The microscopic characterizations rationalize the mechanism, providing a delicate explanation of the stoichiometry-dependent polymerization. These findings pave a way to actualizing an efficient sequence control of copolymerization by surface chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Xing
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuchen Bai
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yuxuan Lin
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lianghong Xiao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changlin Li
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Dahui Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Lou S, Lyu B, Chen J, Zhou X, Jiang W, Qiu L, Shen P, Ma S, Zhang Z, Xie Y, Wu Z, Chen Y, Xu K, Liang Q, Watanabe K, Taniguchi T, Xian L, Zhang G, Ouyang W, Ding F, Shi Z. Tip Growth of Quasi-Metallic Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons with Armchair Chirality. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:156-164. [PMID: 38147652 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), quasi one-dimensional (1D) narrow strips of graphene, have shown promise for high-performance nanoelectronics due to their exceptionally high carrier mobility and structurally tunable bandgaps. However, producing chirality-uniform GNRs on insulating substrates remains a big challenge. Here, we report the successful growth of bilayer GNRs with predominantly armchair chirality and ultranarrow widths (<5 nm) on insulating hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) substrates using chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The growth of GNRs is catalyzed by transition metal nanoparticles, including Fe, Co, and Ni, through a unique tip-growth mechanism. Notably, GNRs catalyzed by Ni exhibit a high purity (97.3%) of armchair chirality. Electron transport measurements indicate that the ultrathin bilayer armchair GNRs exhibit quasi-metallic behavior. This quasi-metallicity is further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which reveal a significantly reduced bandgap in bilayer armchair GNRs. The chirality-specific GNRs reported here offer promising advancements for the application of graphene in nanoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Lou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Bosai Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Jiajun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xianliang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Wenwu Jiang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lu Qiu
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - Peiyue Shen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Saiqun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhichun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yufeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhenghan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kunqi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qi Liang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Lede Xian
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Ding
- Centre for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, South Korea
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiwen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Structures and Quantum Control (Ministry of Education), Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu K, Zheng W, Osella S, Qiu ZL, Böckmann S, Niu W, Meingast L, Komber H, Obermann S, Gillen R, Bonn M, Hansen MR, Maultzsch J, Wang HI, Ma J, Feng X. Cove-Edged Chiral Graphene Nanoribbons with Chirality-Dependent Bandgap and Carrier Mobility. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1026-1034. [PMID: 38117539 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have garnered significant interest due to their highly customizable physicochemical properties and potential utility in nanoelectronics. Besides controlling widths and edge structures, the inclusion of chirality in GNRs brings another dimension for fine-tuning their optoelectronic properties, but related studies remain elusive owing to the absence of feasible synthetic strategies. Here, we demonstrate a novel class of cove-edged chiral GNRs (CcGNRs) with a tunable chiral vector (n,m). Notably, the bandgap and effective mass of (n,2)-CcGNR show a distinct positive correlation with the increasing value of n, as indicated by theory. Within this GNR family, two representative members, namely, (4,2)-CcGNR and (6,2)-CcGNR, are successfully synthesized. Both CcGNRs exhibit prominently curved geometries arising from the incorporated [4]helicene motifs along their peripheries, as also evidenced by the single-crystal structures of the two respective model compounds (1 and 2). The chemical identities and optoelectronic properties of (4,2)- and (6,2)-CcGNRs are comprehensively investigated via a combination of IR, Raman, solid-state NMR, UV-vis, and THz spectroscopies as well as theoretical calculations. In line with theoretical expectation, the obtained (6,2)-CcGNR possesses a low optical bandgap of 1.37 eV along with charge carrier mobility of ∼8 cm2 V-1 s-1, whereas (4,2)-CcGNR exhibits a narrower bandgap of 1.26 eV with increased mobility of ∼14 cm2 V-1 s-1. This work opens up a new avenue to precisely engineer the bandgap and carrier mobility of GNRs by manipulating their chiral vector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Wenhao Zheng
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvio Osella
- Chemical and Biological Systems Simulation Lab, Center of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Steffen Böckmann
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Wenhui Niu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Laura Meingast
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sebastian Obermann
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Roland Gillen
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael Ryan Hansen
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 28/30, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Janina Maultzsch
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstr. 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ji Ma
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120 Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle 06120 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dettmann D, Sheverdyaeva PM, Hamzehpoor E, Franchi S, Galeotti G, Moras P, Ceccarelli C, Perepichka DF, Rosei F, Contini G. Electronic Band Engineering of Two-Dimensional Kagomé Polymers. ACS NANO 2024; 18:849-857. [PMID: 38147033 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated polymers (2DCPs) are an emerging class of materials that exhibit properties similar to graphene yet do not have the limitation of zero bandgap. On-surface synthesis provides exceptional control on the polymerization reaction, allowing tailoring properties by choosing suitable monomers. Heteroatom-substituted triangulene 2DCPs constitute a playing ground for such a design and are predicted to exhibit graphene-like band structures with high charge mobility and characteristic Dirac cones in conduction or valence states. However, measuring these properties experimentally is challenging and requires long-range-ordered polymers, preferably with an epitaxial relationship with the substrate. Here, we investigate the electronic properties of a mesoscale-ordered carbonyl-bridged triphenylamine 2DCP (P2TANGO) and demonstrate the presence of a Dirac cone by combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) with density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Moreover, we measure the absolute energy position of the Dirac cone with respect to the vacuum level. We show that the bridging functionality of the triangulene (ether vs carbonyl) does not significantly perturb the band structure but strongly affects the positioning of the bands with respect to the Au(111) states and allows control of the ionization energy of the polymer. Our results provide proof of the controllable electronic properties of 2DCPs and bring us closer to their use in practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Dettmann
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Department, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1P7, Varennes, Québec, Canada
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Polina M Sheverdyaeva
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ehsan Hamzehpoor
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stefano Franchi
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Galeotti
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Department, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1P7, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Paolo Moras
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Strada Statale 14 km 163.5, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceccarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Dmytro F Perepichka
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, H3A 0B8, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Federico Rosei
- Centre Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Department, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, J3X 1P7, Varennes, Québec, Canada
| | - Giorgio Contini
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR (ISM-CNR), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Physics, University Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Li Q, Wang L, Li H, Chan MKY, Hersam MC. Synthesis of Quantum-Confined Borophene Nanoribbons. ACS NANO 2024; 18:483-491. [PMID: 37939213 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c08089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Borophene nanoribbons (BNRs) are one-dimensional strips of atomically thin boron expected to exhibit quantum-confined electronic properties that are not present in extended two-dimensional borophene. While the parent material borophene has been experimentally shown to possess anisotropic metallicity and diverse polymorphic structures, the atomically precise synthesis of nanometer-wide BNRs has not yet been achieved. Here, we demonstrate the synthesis of multiple BNR polymorphs with well-defined edge configurations within the nanometer-scale terraces of vicinal Ag(977). Through atomic-scale imaging, spectroscopy, and first-principles calculations, the synthesized BNR polymorphs are characterized and found to possess distinct edge structures and electronic properties. For single-phase BNRs, v1/6-BNRs and v1/5-BNRs adopt reconstructed armchair edges and sawtooth edges, respectively. In addition, the electronic properties of single-phase v1/6-BNRs and v1/5-BNRs are dominated by Friedel oscillations and striped moiré patterns, respectively. On the other hand, mixed-phase BNRs possess quantum-confined states with increasing nodes in the electronic density of states at elevated biases. Overall, the high degree of polymorphism and diverse edge topologies in borophene nanoribbons provide a rich quantum platform for studying one-dimensional electronic states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiucheng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Luqing Wang
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Maria K Y Chan
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering, 2205 Tech Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Brown T, Blowey PJ, Sweetman A. Precise determination of molecular adsorption geometries by room temperature non-contact atomic force microscopy. Commun Chem 2024; 7:8. [PMID: 38184736 PMCID: PMC10771516 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-01093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
High resolution force measurements of molecules on surfaces, in non-contact atomic force microscopy, are often only performed at cryogenic temperatures, due to needing a highly stable system, and a passivated probe tip (typically via CO-functionalisation). Here we show a reliable protocol for acquiring three-dimensional force map data over both single organic molecules and assembled islands of molecules, at room temperature. Isolated cobalt phthalocyanine and islands of C60 are characterised with submolecular resolution, on a passivated silicon substrate (B:Si(111)-[Formula: see text]). Geometries of cobalt phthalocyanine are determined to a ~ 10 pm accuracy. For the C60, the protocol is sufficiently robust that areas spanning 10 nm × 10 nm are mapped, despite the difficulties of room temperature operation. These results provide a proof-of-concept for gathering high-resolution three-dimensional force maps of networks of complex, non-planar molecules on surfaces, in conditions more analogous to real-world application.
Collapse
|
41
|
Iacopi F, Ferrari AC. Tailoring graphene for electronics beyond silicon. Nature 2024; 625:34-35. [PMID: 38172359 DOI: 10.1038/d41586-023-03991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
|
42
|
Jacobse P, Daugherty MC, Čerņevičs K, Wang Z, McCurdy RD, Yazyev OV, Fischer FR, Crommie MF. Five-Membered Rings Create Off-Zero Modes in Nanographene. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24901-24909. [PMID: 38051766 PMCID: PMC10753889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The low-energy electronic structure of nanographenes can be tuned through zero-energy π-electron states, typically referred to as zero-modes. Customizable electronic and magnetic structures have been engineered by coupling zero-modes through exchange and hybridization interactions. Manipulation of the energy of such states, however, has not yet received significant attention. We find that attaching a five-membered ring to a zigzag edge hosting a zero-mode perturbs the energy of that mode and turns it into an off-zero mode: a localized state with a distinctive electron-accepting character. Whereas the end states of typical 7-atom-wide armchair graphene nanoribbons (7-AGNRs) lose their electrons when physisorbed on Au(111) (due to its high work function), converting them into off-zero modes by introducing cyclopentadienyl five-membered rings allows them to retain their single-electron occupation. This approach enables the magnetic properties of 7-AGNR end states to be explored using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a gold substrate. We find a gradual decrease of the magnetic coupling between off-zero mode end states as a function of GNR length, and evolution from a more closed-shell to a more open-shell ground state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter
H. Jacobse
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael C. Daugherty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Kristia̅ns Čerņevičs
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ziyi Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Ryan D. McCurdy
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Oleg V. Yazyev
- Institute
of Physics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale
de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Felix R. Fischer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Bakar
Institute
of Digital Materials for the Planet, Division of Computing, Data Science,
and Society, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Michael F. Crommie
- Department
of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoSciences Institute at the University of California, Berkeley and the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Conrad L, Alcón I, Tremblay JC, Paulus B. Mechanistic Insights into Electronic Current Flow through Quinone Devices. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:3085. [PMID: 38132983 PMCID: PMC10745510 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular switches based on functionalized graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) are of great interest in the development of nanoelectronics. In experiment, it was found that a significant difference in the conductance of an anthraquinone derivative can be achieved by altering the pH value of the environment. Building on this, in this work we investigate the underlying mechanism behind this effect and propose a general design principle for a pH based GNR-based switch. The electronic structure of the investigated systems is calculated using density functional theory and the transport properties at the quasi-stationary limit are described using nonequilibrium Green's function and the Landauer formalism. This approach enables the examination of the local and the global transport through the system. The electrons are shown to flow along the edges of the GNRs. The central carbonyl groups allow for tunable transport through control of the oxidation state via the pH environment. Finally, we also test different types of GNRs (zigzag vs. armchair) to determine which platform provides the best transport switchability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence Conrad
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Isaac Alcón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jean Christophe Tremblay
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine, 1 Bd Arago, 57070 Metz, France;
| | - Beate Paulus
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ren J, Koy M, Osthues H, Lammers BS, Gutheil C, Nyenhuis M, Zheng Q, Xiao Y, Huang L, Nalop A, Dai Q, Gao HJ, Mönig H, Doltsinis NL, Fuchs H, Glorius F. On-surface synthesis of ballbot-type N-heterocyclic carbene polymers. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1737-1744. [PMID: 37640855 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) are established ligands for metal complexes and surfaces. Here we go beyond monomeric NHCs and report on the synthesis of NHC polymers on gold surfaces, consisting of ballbot-type repeating units bound to single Au adatoms. We designed, synthesized and deposited precursors containing different halogens on gold surfaces under ultrahigh vacuum. Conformational, electronic and charge transport properties were assessed by combining low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy, non-contact atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, first-principles calculations and reactive force field simulations. The confirmed ballbot-type nature of the NHCs explains the high surface mobility of the incommensurate NHC polymers, which is prerequisite for their desired spatial alignment. The delicate balance between mobility and polymerization rate allows essential parameters for controlling polymer directionality to be derived. These polymers open up new opportunities in the fields of nanoelectronics, surface functionalization and catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, PR China
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany
| | - Maximilian Koy
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Osthues
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Bertram Schulze Lammers
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Gutheil
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Marvin Nyenhuis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qi Zheng
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Huang
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Arne Nalop
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Qing Dai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hong-Jun Gao
- Beijing National Center for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Harry Mönig
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany.
| | - Nikos L Doltsinis
- Institute for Solid State Theory and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
| | - Harald Fuchs
- Physikalisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Münster, Germany.
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Zhang JJ, Yang L, Liu F, Serra G, Fu Y, Lucotti A, Popov AA, Tommasini M, Ma J, Feng X. Pushing Up the Size Limit of Boron-doped peri-Acenes: Modular Synthesis and Characterizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312055. [PMID: 37823345 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Heteroatom-doped peri-acenes (PAs) have recently attracted considerable attention considering their fascinating physical properties and chemical stability. However, the precise sole addition of boron atoms along the zigzag edges of PAs remains challenging, primarily due to the limited synthetic approach. Herein, we present a novel one-pot modular synthetic strategy toward unprecedented boron-doped PAs (B-PAs), including B-[4,2]PA (1 a-2), B-[4,3]PA (1 b-2) and B-[7,2]PA (1 c-3) derivatives, through efficient intramolecular electrophilic borylation. Their chemical structures are unequivocally confirmed with a combination of mass spectrometry, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Notably, 1 b-2 exhibits an almost planar geometry, whereas 1 a-2 displays a distinctive bowl-like distortion. Furthermore, the optoelectronic properties of this series of B-PAs are thoroughly investigated by UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy combined with DFT calculation. Compared with their parent all-carbon analogs, the obtained B-PAs exhibit high stability, wide energy gaps, and high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 84 %. This study reveals the exceptional ability of boron doping to finely tune the physicochemical properties of PAs, showcasing their potential applications in optoelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Jiang Zhang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Lin Yang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fupin Liu
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gianluca Serra
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Yubin Fu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Alexey A Popov
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research (IFW) Dresden, Helmholtzstrasse 20, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Ji Ma
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, Halle, 06120, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed) & Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Mommsenstrasse 4, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zuzak R, Quiroga S, Engelund M, Pérez D, Peña D, Godlewski S, Melle-Franco M. Sequential On-Surface Cyclodehydrogenation in a Nonplanar Nanographene. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:10442-10449. [PMID: 37962022 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has emerged as an attractive method for the atomically precise synthesis of new molecular nanostructures, being complementary to the widespread approach based on solution chemistry. It has been particularly successful in the synthesis of graphene nanoribbons and nanographenes. In both cases, the target compound is often generated through cyclodehydrogenation reactions, leading to planarization and the formation of hexagonal rings. To improve the flexibility and tunability of molecular units, however, the incorporation of other, nonbenzenoid, subunits is highly desirable. In this letter, we thoroughly analyze sequential cyclodehydrogenation reactions with a custom-designed molecular precursor. We demonstrate the step-by-step formation of hexagonal and pentagonal rings from the nonplanar precursor within fjord and cove regions, respectively. Computer models comprehensively support the experimental observations, revealing that both reactions imply an initial hydrogen abstraction and a final [1,2] hydrogen shift, but the formation of a pentagonal ring proceeds through a radical mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sabela Quiroga
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Mads Engelund
- Espeem S.A.R.L., L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Dolores Pérez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS), Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Manuel Melle-Franco
- CICECO─Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yao X, Zhang H, Kong F, Hinaut A, Pawlak R, Okuno M, Graf R, Horton PN, Coles SJ, Meyer E, Bogani L, Bonn M, Wang HI, Müllen K, Narita A. N=8 Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons: Solution Synthesis and High Charge Carrier Mobility. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312610. [PMID: 37750665 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Structurally defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have emerged as promising candidates for nanoelectronic devices. Low band gap (<1 eV) GNRs are particularly important when considering the Schottky barrier in device performance. Here, we demonstrate the first solution synthesis of 8-AGNRs through a carefully designed arylated polynaphthalene precursor. The efficiency of the oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of the tailor-made polymer precursor into 8-AGNRs was validated by FT-IR, Raman, and UV/Vis-near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectroscopy, and further supported by the synthesis of naphtho[1,2,3,4-ghi]perylene derivatives (1 and 2) as subunits of 8-AGNR, with a width of 0.86 nm as suggested by the X-ray single crystal analysis. Low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and solid-state NMR analyses provided further structural support for 8-AGNR. The resulting 8-AGNR exhibited a remarkable NIR absorption extending up to ∼2400 nm, corresponding to an optical band gap as low as ∼0.52 eV. Moreover, optical-pump TeraHertz-probe spectroscopy revealed charge-carrier mobility in the dc limit of ∼270 cm2 V-1 s-1 for the 8-AGNR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Yao
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heng Zhang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Fanmiao Kong
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rémy Pawlak
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Masanari Okuno
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, 153-8902, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Robert Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter N Horton
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Simon J Coles
- National Crystallography Service, School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, SO17 1BJ, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lapo Bogani
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, OX1 3PH, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Calupitan JP, Berdonces-Layunta A, Aguilar-Galindo F, Vilas-Varela M, Peña D, Casanova D, Corso M, de Oteyza DG, Wang T. Emergence of π-Magnetism in Fused Aza-Triangulenes: Symmetry and Charge Transfer Effects. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9832-9840. [PMID: 37870305 PMCID: PMC10722538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
On-surface synthesis has paved the way toward the fabrication and characterization of conjugated carbon-based molecular materials that exhibit π-magnetism such as triangulenes. Aza-triangulene, a nitrogen-substituted derivative, was recently shown to display rich on-surface chemistry, offering an ideal platform to investigate structure-property relations regarding spin-selective charge transfer and magnetic fingerprints. Herein, we study electronic changes upon fusion of single molecules into larger dimeric derivatives. We show that the closed-shell structure of aza-triangulene on Ag(111) leads to closed-shell dimers covalently coupled through sterically accessible carbon atoms. Meanwhile, its open-shell structure on Au(111) leads to coupling via atoms displaying a high spin density, resulting in symmetric or asymmetric products. Interestingly, whereas all dimers on Au(111) exhibit similar charge transfer properties, only asymmetric ones show magnetic fingerprints due to spin-selective charge transfer. These results expose clear relationships among molecular symmetry, charge transfer, and spin states of π-conjugated carbon-based nanostructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Patrick Calupitan
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Alejandro Berdonces-Layunta
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando Aguilar-Galindo
- Departamento
de Química, Universidad Autónoma
de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute
for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Vilas-Varela
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Diego Peña
- Centro
Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica
e Materiais Moleculares (CiQUS) and Departamento de Química
Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago
de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - David Casanova
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation
for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Martina Corso
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Dimas G. de Oteyza
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Nanomaterials
and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), CSIC-UNIOVI-PA, 33940 El Entrego, Spain
| | - Tao Wang
- Centro
de Física de Materiales (CFM-MPC), CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia
International Physics Center, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Wu YY, Wu YL, Lin CL, Chen HC, Chuang YY, Chen CH, Chou CM. Butterfly-Shaped Dibenz[ a, j]anthracenes: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties. Org Lett 2023; 25:7763-7768. [PMID: 37622587 PMCID: PMC10630963 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
A strategy for the synthesis of dibenz[a,j]anthracenes (DBAs) from cyclohexa-2,5-diene-1-carboxylic acids is presented. Our approach involves sequential C-H olefination, cycloaddition, and decarboxylative aromatization. In the key step for DBA skeleton construction, the bis-C-H olefination products, 1,3-dienes, are utilized as substrates for [4 + 2] cycloaddition with benzyne. This concise synthetic route allows for regioselective ring formation and functional group introduction. The structural features and photophysical properties of the resulting DBA molecules are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ying Wu
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lin Wu
- School
of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Cheng-Lan Lin
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang
University, New Taipei City 251301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Cheng Chen
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Yuan Chuang
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Chou
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, National University
of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Kinikar A, Xu X, Giovannantonio MD, Gröning O, Eimre K, Pignedoli CA, Müllen K, Narita A, Ruffieux P, Fasel R. On-Surface Synthesis of Edge-Extended Zigzag Graphene Nanoribbons. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306311. [PMID: 37795919 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have gained significant attention in nanoelectronics due to their potential for precise tuning of electronic properties through variations in edge structure and ribbon width. However, the synthesis of GNRs with highly sought-after zigzag edges (ZGNRs), critical for spintronics and quantum information technologies, remains challenging. In this study, a design motif for synthesizing a novel class of GNRs termed edge-extended ZGNRs is presented. This motif enables the controlled incorporation of edge extensions along the zigzag edges at regular intervals. The synthesis of a specific GNR instance-a 3-zigzag-rows-wide ZGNR-with bisanthene units fused to the zigzag edges on alternating sides of the ribbon axis is successfully demonstrated. The resulting edge-extended 3-ZGNR is comprehensively characterized for its chemical structure and electronic properties using scanning probe techniques, complemented by density functional theory calculations. The design motif showcased here opens up new possibilities for synthesizing a diverse range of edge-extended ZGNRs, expanding the structural landscape of GNRs and facilitating the exploration of their structure-dependent electronic properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amogh Kinikar
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Xiushang Xu
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, 1919-1 Tancha, Onnason, Kunigamigun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marco Di Giovannantonio
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gröning
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Kristjan Eimre
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Pignedoli
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Müllen
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Duesbergweg 10-14, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Akimitsu Narita
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Organic and Carbon Nanomaterials Unit, 1919-1 Tancha, Onnason, Kunigamigun, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Pascal Ruffieux
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Roman Fasel
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|