1
|
Mathieu NM, Tan EE, Reho JJ, Brozoski DT, Muskus PC, Lu KT, Wackman KK, Grobe JL, Nakagawa P, Sigmund CD. Genetic Deletion of β-Arrestin 2 From the Subfornical Organ and Other Periventricular Nuclei in the Brain Alters Fluid Homeostasis and Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2024; 81:1332-1344. [PMID: 38629290 PMCID: PMC11096025 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.124.22874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ANG (angiotensin II) elicits dipsogenic and pressor responses via activation of the canonical Gαq (G-protein component of the AT1R [angiotensin type 1 receptor])-mediated AT1R in the subfornical organ. Recently, we demonstrated that ARRB2 (β-arrestin 2) global knockout mice exhibit a higher preference for salt and exacerbated pressor response to deoxycorticosterone acetate salt. However, whether ARRB2 within selective neuroanatomical nuclei alters physiological responses to ANG is unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that ARRB2, specifically in the subfornical organ, counterbalances maladaptive dipsogenic and pressor responses to the canonical AT1R signaling. METHODS Male and female Arrb2FLOX mice received intracerebroventricular injection of either adeno-associated virus (AAV)-Cre-GFP (green fluorescent protein) to induce brain-specific deletion of ARRB2 (Arrb2ICV-Cre). Arrb2FLOX mice receiving ICV-AAV-GFP were used as control (Arrb2ICV-Control). Infection with ICV-AAV-Cre primarily targeted the subfornical organ with few off targets. Fluid intake was evaluated using the 2-bottle choice paradigm with 1 bottle containing water and 1 containing 0.15 mol/L NaCl. RESULTS Arrb2ICV-Cre mice exhibited a greater pressor response to acute ICV-ANG infusion. At baseline conditions, Arrb2ICV-Cre mice exhibited a significant increase in saline intake compared with controls, resulting in a saline preference. Furthermore, when mice were subjected to water-deprived or sodium-depleted conditions, which would naturally increase endogenous ANG levels, Arrb2ICV-Cre mice exhibited elevated saline intake. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data indicate that ARRB2 in selective cardiovascular nuclei in the brain, including the subfornical organ, counterbalances canonical AT1R responses to both exogenous and endogenous ANG. Stimulation of the AT1R/ARRB axis in the brain may represent a novel strategy to treat hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eden E. Tan
- SUPREMES Program, Marquette University & Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - John J. Reho
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | | | | | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Kelsey K. Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Pablo Nakagawa
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mert S, Çalışkan İ, Koruk S. The Effect of Thirst, Dry Mouth, Mouth Taste, and Bad Mouth Odor in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(23)01114-0. [PMID: 38795086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine the effect of menthol ice application on thirst, dry mouth, mouth taste, and bad mouth odor in patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the postoperative period. DESIGN The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial with an experimental design. METHODS The study sample consisted of 90 patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into three groups by randomization program. Patients in the menthol ice and ice popsicle (ice prepared with drinking water only) group were administered menthol ice/ice popsicle (10 mL) twice at 20 minutes intervals. Patients in the control group did not receive any intervention. Routine practices of the clinic were performed by the nurses of the general surgery clinic. Postoperative thirst intensity, severity of dry mouth, bad taste, and bad odor in the mouth were evaluated at 0, 20, and 40 minutes. FINDINGS No statistically significant difference was found between the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the patients in the control group, menthol ice group, and ice popsicle group (P > .05). A statistically significant difference was found between the 3 groups in terms of thirst intensity and severity of dry mouth at times at the 20th and 40th minutes after the application (P < .01). We found a statistically significant difference between the bad taste and bad odor sensation scores of the patients in the control and intervention groups at the 20th and 40th minutes after the application (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS The study concluded that menthol ice and ice popsicle application are effective strategies to reduce the intensity of thirst, severity of dry mouth, bad taste, and bad odor in postoperative patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Mert
- İstanbul Galata University, Vocational School, Anesthesia program, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İlknur Çalışkan
- Izmir Tinaztepe Unıversity, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Senem Koruk
- Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gungor S, Tosun B, Candir G, Ozen N. Effects of cold spray on thirst, frequency of oral care, and pain of general surgery intensive care unit patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9997. [PMID: 38693271 PMCID: PMC11063212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of intraoral cold water spray on thirst, frequency of oral care and postoperative period pain at surgical incision site in patients having abdominal surgery. The study was carried out as a randomized controlled trial, registered under Clinical Trial Number: NCT05940818. The study involved 110 participants, divided equally into two groups (n = 55): the experimental group and the control group. Data were collected using patient information form, NRS, Intensive Care Oral Care Frequency Assessment Scale (ICOCFAS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The severity of thirst at 1st, 8th, 16th h of post-operative period (p < 0.01) and the frequency of oral care application at 16th h were statistically significantly decreased in the experimental group when compared to the control group (p < 0.01).There wasn't statistically significant difference between the patients in the experimental and control groups in terms of pain at surgical incision site (p > 0.05). The patient's thirst and need for frequent oral care in the postoperative period were reduced by the application of a cold water spray. In patients undergoing abdominal surgery, the use of cold water spray application may be recommended to reduce thirst and the need for frequency of oral care application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serap Gungor
- Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Vocational School of Health Services, Kahramanmaras, Turkey.
| | - Betul Tosun
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Nursing, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gozde Candir
- Adana City Education and Research Hospital, General Surgery İntensive Care, Adana, Turkey
| | - Nurten Ozen
- Demiroglu Bilim University, Florence Nightingale Hospital School of Nursing, Department of English Nursing, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Talpir I, Livneh Y. Stereotyped goal-directed manifold dynamics in the insular cortex. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114027. [PMID: 38568813 PMCID: PMC11063631 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The insular cortex is involved in diverse processes, including bodily homeostasis, emotions, and cognition. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of how it processes information at the level of neuronal populations. We leveraged recent advances in unsupervised machine learning to study insular cortex population activity patterns (i.e., neuronal manifold) in mice performing goal-directed behaviors. We find that the insular cortex activity manifold is remarkably consistent across different animals and under different motivational states. Activity dynamics within the neuronal manifold are highly stereotyped during rewarded trials, enabling robust prediction of single-trial outcomes across different mice and across various natural and artificial motivational states. Comparing goal-directed behavior with self-paced free consumption, we find that the stereotyped activity patterns reflect task-dependent goal-directed reward anticipation, and not licking, taste, or positive valence. These findings reveal a core computation in insular cortex that could explain its involvement in pathologies involving aberrant motivations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itay Talpir
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yoav Livneh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Çelik SŞ, Mert S, Arslan HN. The Effect of Cold Oral Applications in the Management of Postoperative Thirst: A Systematic Review. J Perianesth Nurs 2024:S1089-9472(23)01064-X. [PMID: 38556965 DOI: 10.1016/j.jopan.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Thirst is one of the most bothersome symptoms experienced by surgical patients. Effective thirst intervention and management in the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and hospital wards is critical because patients are less sedated and more aware than in the past. There is a need to review the literature on the identification and management of thirst in the inpatient and PACU settings. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the available evidence on the effectiveness of oral cold applications on thirst in postoperative patients. DESIGN This was a systematic review study. Articles in PUBMED, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, TÜBİTAK-ULAKBİM, and TRDizin databases between January 2008 and January 2023 that included oral cold applications to relieve the thirst of patients in the postoperative period were included. METHODS The PICOT-SD (Patients Interventions Comparison Outcome Time-Study Design) method was used as an eligibility criterion for inclusion in the study. The eligibility criteria included that the articles were written in English-Turkish and within the target dates, the studies included nursing interventions, the primary outcome of the studies was thirst, and the study sample included postoperative patients. The risk of bias was assessed using the RoB2 tool developed by Cochrane. FINDINGS A total of 254 articles were retrieved from the databases using the specified keywords. 244 articles did not meet the study criteria: 30 were excluded because they were not interventional studies, 61 were not conducted in a postoperative population, 56 were duplicates, and 79 were not on a related topic. A total of 10 studies consisting of randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental articles met the criteria for our review. Oral cold applications effectively reduced the thirst rate of postoperative patients and improved their health-related quality of life. The intervention has also been shown to reduce other anesthesia-related complications. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review concluded that cold oral applications have promising effects on thirst, dry mouth, and health-related quality of life. Cold oral applications are cost-effective and suitable for large-scale health care applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabiha Mert
- Istanbul Galata University, Vocational School, Anesthesia Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Cao Y, Li R, Bai L. Vagal sensory pathway for the gut-brain communication. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:228-243. [PMID: 37558522 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The communication between the gut and brain is crucial for regulating various essential physiological functions, such as energy balance, fluid homeostasis, immune response, and emotion. The vagal sensory pathway plays an indispensable role in connecting the gut to the brain. Recently, our knowledge of the vagal gut-brain axis has significantly advanced through molecular genetic studies, revealing a diverse range of vagal sensory cell types with distinct peripheral innervations, response profiles, and physiological functions. Here, we review the current understanding of how vagal sensory neurons contribute to gut-brain communication. First, we highlight recent transcriptomic and genetic approaches that have characterized different vagal sensory cell types. Then, we focus on discussing how different subtypes encode numerous gut-derived signals and how their activities are translated into physiological and behavioral regulations. The emerging insights into the diverse cell types and functional properties of vagal sensory neurons have paved the way for exciting future directions, which may provide valuable insights into potential therapeutic targets for disorders involving gut-brain communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Cao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Rui Li
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China; State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ling Bai
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Junkins MS, Feng NY, Murphy LA, Curtis G, Merriman DK, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Neural control of fluid homeostasis is engaged below 10°C in hibernation. Curr Biol 2024; 34:923-930.e5. [PMID: 38325375 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Thirteen-lined ground squirrels (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus) hibernate for several months each winter without access to water,1 but the mechanisms that maintain fluid homeostasis during hibernation are poorly understood. In torpor, when body temperature (TB) reaches 4°C, squirrels decrease metabolism, slow heart rate, and reduce plasma levels of the antidiuretic hormones arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT).1 Squirrels spontaneously undergo interbout arousal (IBA) every 2 weeks, temporarily recovering an active-like metabolism and a TB of 37°C for up to 48 h.1,2 Despite the low levels of AVP and OXT during torpor, profound increases in blood pressure and heart rate during the torpor-IBA transition are not associated with massive fluid loss, suggesting the existence of a mechanism that protects against diuresis at a low TB. Here, we demonstrate that the antidiuretic hormone release pathway is activated by hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON) neurons early in the torpor-arousal transition. SON neuron activity, dense-core vesicle release from the posterior pituitary, and plasma hormone levels all begin to increase before TB reaches 10°C. In vivo fiber photometry of SON neurons from hibernating squirrels, together with RNA sequencing and c-FOS immunohistochemistry, confirms that SON is electrically, transcriptionally, and translationally active to monitor blood osmolality throughout the dynamic torpor-arousal transition. Our work emphasizes the importance of the antidiuretic pathway during the torpor-arousal transition and reveals that the neurophysiological mechanism that coordinates the hormonal response to retain fluid is active at an extremely low TB, which is prohibitive for these processes in non-hibernators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S Junkins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ni Y Feng
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Neuroscience & Behavior Program, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, CT 06459, USA.
| | - Lyle A Murphy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Genevieve Curtis
- Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, 52 Lawn Ave, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Dana K Merriman
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Blvd, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang G, Jia M, Li G, Zang YY, Chen YY, Wang YY, Zhan SY, Peng SX, Wan G, Li W, Yang JJ, Shi YS. TMEM63B channel is the osmosensor required for thirst drive of interoceptive neurons. Cell Discov 2024; 10:1. [PMID: 38172113 PMCID: PMC10764952 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-023-00628-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Thirst plays a vital role in the regulation of body fluid homeostasis and if deregulated can be life-threatening. Interoceptive neurons in the subfornical organ (SFO) are intrinsically osmosensitive and their activation by hyperosmolarity is necessary and sufficient for generating thirst. However, the primary molecules sensing systemic osmolarity in these neurons remain elusive. Here we show that the mechanosensitive TMEM63B cation channel is the osmosensor required for the interoceptive neurons to drive thirst. TMEM63B channel is highly expressed in the excitatory SFO thirst neurons. TMEM63B deletion in these neurons impaired hyperosmolarity-induced drinking behavior, while re-expressing TMEM63B in SFO restored water appetite in TMEM63B-deficient mice. Remarkably, hyperosmolarity activates TMEM63B channels, leading to depolarization and increased firing rate of the interoceptive neurons, which drives drinking behavior. Furthermore, TMEM63B deletion did not affect sensitivities of the SFO neurons to angiotensin II or hypoosmolarity, suggesting that TMEM63B plays a specialized role in detecting hyperosmolarity in SFO neurons. Thus, our results reveal a critical osmosensor molecule for the generation of thirst perception.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guolin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Guizhou Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan-Yu Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang-Yang Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Xiao Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqiang Wan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Neurosurgery, Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Model Animal Research Center, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology, Hengqin, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Blackmore K, Houchen CJ, Simonyan H, Arestakesyan H, Stark AK, Dow SA, Kim HR, Jeong JK, Popratiloff A, Young CN. A forebrain-hypothalamic ER stress driven circuit mediates hepatic steatosis during obesity. Mol Metab 2024; 79:101858. [PMID: 38141847 PMCID: PMC10809102 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects 1 in 3 adults and contributes to advanced liver injury and cardiometabolic disease. While recent evidence points to involvement of the brain in NAFLD, the downstream neural circuits and neuronal molecular mechanisms involved in this response, remain unclear. Here, we investigated the role of a unique forebrain-hypothalamic circuit in NAFLD. METHODS Chemogenetic activation and inhibition of circumventricular subfornical organ (SFO) neurons that project to the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN; SFO→PVN) in mice were used to study the role of SFO→PVN signaling in NAFLD. Novel scanning electron microscopy techniques, histological approaches, molecular biology techniques, and viral methodologies were further used to delineate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress within this circuit in driving NAFLD. RESULTS In lean animals, acute chemogenetic activation of SFO→PVN neurons was sufficient to cause hepatic steatosis in a liver sympathetic nerve dependent manner. Conversely, inhibition of this forebrain-hypothalamic circuit rescued obesity-associated NAFLD. Furthermore, dietary NAFLD is associated with marked ER ultrastructural alterations and ER stress in the PVN, which was blunted following reductions in excitatory signaling from the SFO. Finally, selective inhibition of PVN ER stress reduced hepatic steatosis during obesity. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these findings characterize a previously unrecognized forebrain-hypothalamic-ER stress circuit that is involved in hepatic steatosis, which may point to future therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Blackmore
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Claire J Houchen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hayk Simonyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Hovhannes Arestakesyan
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Alyssa K Stark
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Samantha A Dow
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Han Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Jin Kwon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Colin N Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kim HR, Young CN. Circumventricular organ-hypothalamic circuit endoplasmic reticulum stress drives hepatic steatosis during obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:59-69. [PMID: 37794528 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), characterized by excess liver triglyceride accumulation (hepatic steatosis), leads to an increased risk for cardiometabolic diseases and obesity-related mortality. Emerging evidence points to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the central nervous system as critical in NAFLD pathogenesis. Here, we tested the contribution of ER stress in a circumventricular organ-hypothalamic circuit in NAFLD development during obesity. METHODS C57BL/6J male mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or normal chow. A combination of histological, viral tracing, intersectional viral targeting, and in vivo integrative physiological approaches were used to examine the role of ER stress in subfornical organ to hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus projecting neurons (SFO➔PVN) in NAFLD during diet-induced obesity. RESULTS Immunohistochemical analysis revealed marked unfolded protein response activation in the SFO, particularly in excitatory SFO➔PVN neurons of HFD-fed animals. Moreover, intersectional viral inhibition of ER stress in SFO➔PVN neurons resulted in a reduction in hepatomegaly, hepatic steatosis, and a blunted increase in body weight gain during diet-induced obesity, independent of changes in food intake, substrate partitioning, energy expenditure, and ambulatory activity. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that ER stress in an SFO➔PVN neural circuit contributes to hepatic steatosis during obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Rae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Colin N Young
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Picó-Munyoz R, Tárrega A, Laguna L. Origins of thirstiness sensation and current food solutions. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:4433-4450. [PMID: 37583300 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The sensation of thirstiness is the desire to drink water. In certain situations, the ingestion of liquid water can be restricted. As a result, thirstiness is not relieved, resulting in an uncomfortable and distressing situation. The present review describes thirstiness and hydration, the food products and beverages that cause thirstiness, and the beverages and food products currently available to quench thirstiness in individuals with restricted access to liquid ingestion. It also discusses how to measure the effectiveness of calming thirstiness. To diminish thirstiness distress, different alternatives to liquids are proposed. Individuals with swallowing disorders are given thickened water, individuals with restricted water ingestion are given ice cubes or ice popsicles of different flavors, and sportspeople are given energy gels. However, current beverage solutions seem not to relieve thirst fully, although some stimuli like iced water, flavors (especially lemon and mint), or acids seem to work better than plain stimuli and could be added to existing products. Therefore, there is still a need to incorporate these strategies into beverage and food formulations and to test their effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Picó-Munyoz
- Consumer Perception and Behavior and Adapted Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Amparo Tárrega
- Consumer Perception and Behavior and Adapted Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| | - Laura Laguna
- Consumer Perception and Behavior and Adapted Nutrition Laboratory, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA, CSIC), Paterna, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Phelan C, Hammond L, Thorpe C, Allcroft P, O'Loughlin M. A Novel Approach to Managing Thirst and Dry Mouth in Palliative Care: A Prospective Randomized Cross-Over Trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 66:587-594.e2. [PMID: 37562697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thirst and xerostomia are significant and highly distressing symptoms experienced by patients receiving palliative and end-of-life care. OBJECTIVES Determine a reduction of thirst intensity and perceptions of dry mouth on a numerical scale following both the experimental intervention (mini mint ice cubes) and control (plain ice chips). METHODS Cross-over Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to assess the effectiveness of novel intervention in the treatment of dry mouth and the sensation of thirst in palliative care patients. RESULTS Patients rated the severity of their symptoms of dry mouth and thirst using a numeric rating scale (NRS). On commencing the study and preintervention, all patients suffered severe dry mouth and thirst (≥5/10). Mint and plain ice cubes produced improvement of symptoms immediately after interventions. Results from dry mouth ratings show, a decrease of 1.6 points for plain ice cubes (P < 0.0001), on average, ratings for mint ice cubes decreased 3.7 (P < 0.0001). For the sensation of thirst, the plain ice cube intervention group rating decreased 1.7 points (P < 0.006), ratings for mint ice cubes decreased 3.4 points (P < 0.0001). The average decrease in dry mouth and thirst intensity scores from preintervention to postintervention were significantly greater for mint ice cubes (P < 0.05) and 86.6% of patients preferred mint ice cubes. CONCLUSION This trial found that while usual mouth care and the intervention were both able to reduce the intensity of dry mouth and the sensation of thirst, the mint intervention had a greater response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Phelan
- Research Centre for Palliative Care (C.P., L.H., C.T., P.A., M.O.), Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.
| | - Lauren Hammond
- Research Centre for Palliative Care (C.P., L.H., C.T., P.A., M.O.), Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Courtney Thorpe
- Research Centre for Palliative Care (C.P., L.H., C.T., P.A., M.O.), Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Peter Allcroft
- Research Centre for Palliative Care (C.P., L.H., C.T., P.A., M.O.), Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; Southern Adelaide Local Health Network (P.A., M.O.), Southern Adelaide Palliative Services, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Muireann O'Loughlin
- Research Centre for Palliative Care (C.P., L.H., C.T., P.A., M.O.), Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; Southern Adelaide Local Health Network (P.A., M.O.), Southern Adelaide Palliative Services, Bedford Park, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Paes-Leme B, Monteiro LDRN, Gholami K, Hoe SZ, Ferguson AV, Murphy D, Antunes-Rodrigues J, Rorato R, Reis LC, Mecawi AS. Fasting increases circulating angiotensin levels and brain Agtr1a expression in male rats. J Neuroendocrinol 2023; 35:e13334. [PMID: 37667574 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
In addition to being recognised for involvement in cardiovascular control and hydromineral balance, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has also been associated with the neuroendocrine control of energy balance. One of the main brain sites for angiotensin II (ANG II)/type 1 receptor (AT1 R) signalling is the subfornical organ (SFO), a circumventricular organ related to the control of autonomic functions, motivated behaviours and energy metabolism. Thus, we hypothesised that circulating ANG II may act on the SFO AT1 R receptors to integrate metabolic and hydromineral balance. We evaluated whether food deprivation can modulate systemic RAS activity and Agrt1a brain expression, and if ANG II/AT1 R signalling influences the hypothalamic expression of mRNAs encoding neuropeptides and food and water ingestion in fed and fasted Wistar rats. We found a significant increase in both ANG I and ANG II plasma levels after 24 and 48 h of fasting. Expression of Agrt1a mRNA in the SFO and paraventricular nucleus (PVN) also increased after food deprivation for 48 h. Treatment of fasted rats with low doses of losartan in drinking water attenuated the decrease in glycemia and meal-associated water intake without changing the expression in PVN or arcuate nucleus of mRNAs encoding selected neuropeptides related to energy homeostasis control. These findings point to a possible role of peripheral ANG II/SFO-AT1 R signalling in the control of refeeding-induced thirst. On the other hand, intracerebroventricular losartan treatment decreased food and water intake over dark time in fed but not in fasted rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Paes-Leme
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lívia da Rocha Natalino Monteiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Khadijeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Alastair Victor Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Murphy
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Research Group, Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - José Antunes-Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Rorato
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Reis
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André Souza Mecawi
- Department of Biophysics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Piatkevich KD, Boyden ES. Optogenetic control of neural activity: The biophysics of microbial rhodopsins in neuroscience. Q Rev Biophys 2023; 57:e1. [PMID: 37831008 DOI: 10.1017/s0033583523000033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics, the use of microbial rhodopsins to make the electrical activity of targeted neurons controllable by light, has swept through neuroscience, enabling thousands of scientists to study how specific neuron types contribute to behaviors and pathologies, and how they might serve as novel therapeutic targets. By activating a set of neurons, one can probe what functions they can initiate or sustain, and by silencing a set of neurons, one can probe the functions they are necessary for. We here review the biophysics of these molecules, asking why they became so useful in neuroscience for the study of brain circuitry. We review the history of the field, including early thinking, early experiments, applications of optogenetics, pre-optogenetics targeted neural control tools, and the history of discovering and characterizing microbial rhodopsins. We then review the biophysical attributes of rhodopsins that make them so useful to neuroscience - their classes and structure, their photocycles, their photocurrent magnitudes and kinetics, their action spectra, and their ion selectivity. Our hope is to convey to the reader how specific biophysical properties of these molecules made them especially useful to neuroscientists for a difficult problem - the control of high-speed electrical activity, with great precision and ease, in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiryl D Piatkevich
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou, China
| | - Edward S Boyden
- McGovern Institute and Koch Institute, Departments of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Media Arts and Sciences, and Biological Engineering, K. Lisa Yang Center for Bionics and Center for Neurobiological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
González Segarra AJ, Pontes G, Jourjine N, Del Toro A, Scott K. Hunger- and thirst-sensing neurons modulate a neuroendocrine network to coordinate sugar and water ingestion. eLife 2023; 12:RP88143. [PMID: 37732734 PMCID: PMC10513480 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of food and water is tightly regulated by the nervous system to maintain internal nutrient homeostasis. Although generally considered independently, interactions between hunger and thirst drives are important to coordinate competing needs. In Drosophila, four neurons called the interoceptive subesophageal zone neurons (ISNs) respond to intrinsic hunger and thirst signals to oppositely regulate sucrose and water ingestion. Here, we investigate the neural circuit downstream of the ISNs to examine how ingestion is regulated based on internal needs. Utilizing the recently available fly brain connectome, we find that the ISNs synapse with a novel cell-type bilateral T-shaped neuron (BiT) that projects to neuroendocrine centers. In vivo neural manipulations revealed that BiT oppositely regulates sugar and water ingestion. Neuroendocrine cells downstream of ISNs include several peptide-releasing and peptide-sensing neurons, including insulin producing cells (IPCs), crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) neurons, and CCHamide-2 receptor isoform RA (CCHa2R-RA) neurons. These neurons contribute differentially to ingestion of sugar and water, with IPCs and CCAP neurons oppositely regulating sugar and water ingestion, and CCHa2R-RA neurons modulating only water ingestion. Thus, the decision to consume sugar or water occurs via regulation of a broad peptidergic network that integrates internal signals of nutritional state to generate nutrient-specific ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Pontes
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| | | | | | - Kristin Scott
- University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Warren AM, Grossmann M, Christ-Crain M, Russell N. Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis: From Pathophysiology to Management. Endocr Rev 2023; 44:819-861. [PMID: 36974717 PMCID: PMC10502587 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder, affecting more than 15% of patients in the hospital. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD) is the most frequent cause of hypotonic hyponatremia, mediated by nonosmotic release of arginine vasopressin (AVP, previously known as antidiuretic hormone), which acts on the renal V2 receptors to promote water retention. There are a variety of underlying causes of SIAD, including malignancy, pulmonary pathology, and central nervous system pathology. In clinical practice, the etiology of hyponatremia is frequently multifactorial and the management approach may need to evolve during treatment of a single episode. It is therefore important to regularly reassess clinical status and biochemistry, while remaining alert to potential underlying etiological factors that may become more apparent during the course of treatment. In the absence of severe symptoms requiring urgent intervention, fluid restriction (FR) is widely endorsed as the first-line treatment for SIAD in current guidelines, but there is considerable controversy regarding second-line therapy in instances where FR is unsuccessful, which occurs in around half of cases. We review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and differential diagnosis of SIAD, and summarize recent evidence for therapeutic options beyond FR, with a focus on tolvaptan, urea, and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle M Warren
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Austin Hospital, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Mathis Grossmann
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Austin Hospital, Victoria 3084, Australia
| | - Mirjam Christ-Crain
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical Research, University of Basel and University Hospital Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas Russell
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Endocrinology, The Austin Hospital, Victoria 3084, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Todini L, Fantuz F. Thirst: neuroendocrine regulation in mammals. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1085-1101. [PMID: 36932281 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Animals can sense their changing internal needs and then generate specific physiological and behavioural responses in order to restore homeostasis. Water-saline homeostasis derives from balances of water and sodium intake and output (drinking and diuresis, salt appetite and natriuresis), maintaining an appropriate composition and volume of extracellular fluid. Thirst is the sensation which drives to seek and consume water, regulated in the central nervous system by both neural and chemical signals. Water and electrolyte homeostasis depends on finely tuned physiological mechanisms, mainly susceptible to plasma Na+ concentration and osmotic pressure, but also to blood volume and arterial pressure. Increases of osmotic pressure as slight as 1-2% are enough to induce thirst ("homeostatic" or cellular), by activation of specialized osmoreceptors in the circumventricular organs, outside the blood-brain barrier. Presystemic anticipatory signals (by oropharyngeal or gastrointestinal receptors) inhibit thirst when fluids are ingested, or stimulate thirst associated with food intake. Hypovolemia, arterial hypotension, Angiotensin II stimulate thirst ("hypovolemic thirst", "extracellular dehydration"). Hypervolemia, hypertension, Atrial Natriuretic Peptide inhibit thirst. Circadian rhythms of thirst are also detectable, driven by suprachiasmatic nucleus in the hypothalamus. Such homeostasis and other fundamental physiological functions (cardiocircolatory, thermoregulation, food intake) are highly interdependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Todini
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via della Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy.
| | - Francesco Fantuz
- Scuola di Bioscienze e Medicina Veterinaria, Università di Camerino, Via della Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024, Matelica, MC, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hammond L, Chakraborty A, Thorpe C, O'Loughlin M, Allcroft P, Phelan C. Relieving Perception of Thirst and Xerostomia in Patients with Palliative and End-of-life Care Needs: A Rapid Review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 66:e45-e68. [PMID: 36828290 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.02.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thirst and dry mouth are interlinked symptoms that frequently cause significant distress for patients with life-limiting conditions. OBJECTIVES The objective of this rapid review was to identify and synthesize effective interventions that relieve perceptions of thirst and dry mouth of patients with palliative care and end-of-life care needs. METHODS Eligible studies were undertaken in clinical settings, with patients experiencing thirst-related distress and/or dry mouth. This review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted following aspects of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines. The main outcomes of interest were: 1) efficacy of thirst and dry mouth interventions for patient, and 2) patient, caregiver, and staff acceptability and satisfaction of the interventions. Scientific journal articles were retrieved through searches in electronic databases of MEDLINE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), and AgeLine (EBSCO). RESULTS Eleven studies were included for analysis and synthesis of the results. Most studies either focused on a dry mouth intervention or reported dry mouth outcomes within a broader thirst intervention (n = 9/11 studies). Standard oral care was the common intervention type (n = 5/11). All but one dry mouth intervention reported statistical improvement in outcomes of interest. All studies that reported on thirst were conducted in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting (n = 4/4). No studies specifically addressed thirst in patients in specialist palliative care settings. CONCLUSION Evidence from this review suggests that thirst interventions established within the ICU setting may prove effective for treatment of terminally ill patients receiving specialist palliative care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Hammond
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University (L.H., A.C., C.T., M.O., P.A., C.P.), Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Amal Chakraborty
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University (L.H., A.C., C.T., M.O., P.A., C.P.), Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Courtney Thorpe
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University (L.H., A.C., C.T., M.O., P.A., C.P.), Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Muireann O'Loughlin
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University (L.H., A.C., C.T., M.O., P.A., C.P.), Bedford Park, South Australia; Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Southern Adelaide Palliative Services (M.O., P.A.), Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Peter Allcroft
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University (L.H., A.C., C.T., M.O., P.A., C.P.), Bedford Park, South Australia; Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Southern Adelaide Palliative Services (M.O., P.A.), Bedford Park, South Australia
| | - Caroline Phelan
- Research Centre for Palliative Care, Death and Dying, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University (L.H., A.C., C.T., M.O., P.A., C.P.), Bedford Park, South Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang L, Liu N, Shao J, Gao D, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Han C, Chen D, Wang L, Lu WW, Yang F. Bidirectional control of parathyroid hormone and bone mass by subfornical organ. Neuron 2023; 111:1914-1932.e6. [PMID: 37084721 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is one of the most important hormones for bone turnover and calcium homeostasis. It is unclear how the central nervous system regulates PTH. The subfornical organ (SFO) lies above the third ventricle and modulates body fluid homeostasis. Through retrograde tracing, electrophysiology, and in vivo calcium imaging, we identified the SFO as an important brain nucleus that responds to serum PTH changes in mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of GABAergic neurons in SFO induces decreased serum PTH followed by a decrease in trabecular bone mass. Conversely, stimulation of glutamatergic neurons in the SFO promoted serum PTH and bone mass. Moreover, we found that the blockage of different PTH receptors in the SFO affects peripheral PTH levels and the PTH's response to calcium stimulation. Furthermore, we identified a GABAergic projection from the SFO to the paraventricular nucleus, which modulates PTH and bone mass. These findings advance our understanding of the central neural regulation of PTH at cellular and circuit level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nian Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Shao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dashuang Gao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingzi Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanliang Han
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Chen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Wang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - William Weijia Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China; The Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Spence C. Encouraging (Nudging) People to Increase Their Fluid Intake. Nutrients 2023; 15:2702. [PMID: 37375606 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This narrative historical review considers the various routes to nudging consumers towards drinking more, given self-reported evidence that many people are often not adequately hydrated. This review builds on the related notion of 'visual hunger'. Interestingly, however, while many desirable foods are associated with distinctive sensory qualities (such as an appetizing smell), that may capture the consumer's (visual) attention, it is less clear that there is an equivalent sensory attentional capture by hydration-related cues. One of the other important differences between satiety and thirst is that people tend to overconsume if they use interoceptive satiety cues to decide when to stop eating, while the evidence suggests that people typically stop drinking prior to being adequately hydrated. What is more, the increasing amount of time we spend in consistently warm indoor environments may also be exacerbating our need to drink more. A number of concrete suggestions are made concerning how people may be encouraged (or nudged) to imbibe sufficient water.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Spence
- Crossmodal Research Laboratory, Oxford University, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu D, Rahman M, Johnson A, Tsutsui-Kimura I, Pena N, Talay M, Logeman BL, Finkbeiner S, Choi S, Capo-Battaglia A, Abdus-Saboor I, Ginty DD, Uchida N, Watabe-Uchida M, Dulac C. A Hypothalamic Circuit Underlying the Dynamic Control of Social Homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.19.540391. [PMID: 37293031 PMCID: PMC10245688 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.19.540391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Social grouping increases survival in many species, including humans1,2. By contrast, social isolation generates an aversive state (loneliness) that motivates social seeking and heightens social interaction upon reunion3-5. The observed rebound in social interaction triggered by isolation suggests a homeostatic process underlying the control of social drive, similar to that observed for physiological needs such as hunger, thirst or sleep3,6. In this study, we assessed social responses in multiple mouse strains and identified the FVB/NJ line as exquisitely sensitive to social isolation. Using FVB/NJ mice, we uncovered two previously uncharacterized neuronal populations in the hypothalamic preoptic nucleus that are activated during social isolation and social rebound and that orchestrate the behavior display of social need and social satiety, respectively. We identified direct connectivity between these two populations of opposite function and with brain areas associated with social behavior, emotional state, reward, and physiological needs, and showed that animals require touch to assess the presence of others and fulfill their social need, thus revealing a brain-wide neural system underlying social homeostasis. These findings offer mechanistic insight into the nature and function of circuits controlling instinctive social need and for the understanding of healthy and diseased brain states associated with social context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Autumn Johnson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Iku Tsutsui-Kimura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Present address: Division of Brain Sciences, Institute for Advanced Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nicolai Pena
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mustafa Talay
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brandon L. Logeman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Samantha Finkbeiner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Seungwon Choi
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Present address: Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Athena Capo-Battaglia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ishmail Abdus-Saboor
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - David D. Ginty
- Department of Neurobiology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoshige Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mitsuko Watabe-Uchida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Dulac
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cai CY, Tao Y, Zhou Y, Yang D, Qin C, Bian XL, Xian JY, Cao B, Chang L, Wu HY, Luo CX, Zhu DY. Nos1 + and Nos1 - excitatory neurons in the BLA regulate anxiety- and depression-related behaviors oppositely. J Affect Disord 2023; 333:181-192. [PMID: 37080493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The basolateral amygdala (BLA) neurons are primarily glutamatergic and have been associated with emotion regulation. However, little is known about the roles of BLA neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS, Nos1) in the regulation of emotional behaviors. METHODS Using Nos1-cre mice and chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulations, we specifically silenced or activated Nos1+ or Nos1- neurons in the BLA, or silenced their projections to the anterdorsal bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (adBNST) and ventral hippocampus (vHPC). We measured anxiety behaviors in elevated plus maze (EPM) and open-field test (OFT), and measured depression behaviors in forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST). RESULTS BLA Nos1+ neurons were predominantly glutamatergic, and glutamatergic but not GABAergic Nos1+ neurons were involved in controlling anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Interestingly, by selectively manipulating the activities of BLA Nos1+ and Nos1- excitatory neurons, we found that they had opposing effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. BLA Nos1+ excitatory neurons projected to the adBNST, this BLA-adBNST circuit controlled the expression of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors, while BLA Nos1- excitatory neurons projected to vHPC, this BLA-vHPC circuit contributed to the expression of anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. Moreover, excitatory vHPC-adBNST circuit antagonized the role of BLA-adBNST circuit in regulating anxiety- and depression-related behaviors. CONCLUSIONS BLA Nos1+ and Nos1- excitatory neuron subpopulations exert different effects on anxiety- and depression-related behaviors through distinct projection circuits, providing a new insight of BLA excitatory neurons in emotional regulation. LIMITATIONS We did not perform retrograde labeling from adBNST and vHPC regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yun Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yan Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cheng Qin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin-Lan Bian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Yun Xian
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hai-Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun-Xia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Dong-Ya Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Institution of Stem Cells and Neuroregeneration, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zeman M, Okuliarova M, Rumanova VS. Disturbances of Hormonal Circadian Rhythms by Light Pollution. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087255. [PMID: 37108420 PMCID: PMC10138516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythms evolved to anticipate and cope with cyclic changes in environmental conditions. This adaptive function is currently compromised by increasing levels of artificial light at night (ALAN), which can represent a risk for the development of diseases of civilisation. The causal links are not completely understood, and this featured review focuses on the chronodisruption of the neuroendocrine control of physiology and behaviour by dim ALAN. The published data indicate that low levels of ALAN (2-5 lux) can attenuate the molecular mechanisms generating circadian rhythms in the central oscillator, eliminate the rhythmic changes in dominant hormonal signals, such as melatonin, testosterone and vasopressin, and interfere with the circadian rhythm of the dominant glucocorticoid corticosterone in rodents. These changes are associated with a disturbed daily pattern of metabolic changes and behavioural rhythms in activity and food and water intake. The increasing levels of ALAN require the identification of the pathways mediating possible negative consequences on health to design effective mitigation strategies to eliminate or minimise the effects of light pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Zeman
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Monika Okuliarova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Valentina Sophia Rumanova
- Department of Animal Physiology and Ethology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Brakey DJ, Schatz KC, Paul MJ, Daniels D. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) in fluid and food intakes in vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats. Physiol Behav 2023; 262:114093. [PMID: 36706972 PMCID: PMC9974868 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Eating and drinking co-occur and many of the same mechanisms that control one are involved in the control of the other, making it difficult to isolate specific mechanisms for the control of fluid intake. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide that seems to be involved in the endogenous control of both ingestive behaviors, but we lack a thorough understanding of how and where GLP-1 is acting to control fluid intake. Vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats are a model of hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus that have been used extensively for the study of vasopressin actions in behavior and physiology. Here, we propose that these rats, that eat normally but drink excessively, provide a useful model to dissociate central controls of food and fluid intakes. As an initial step toward establishing this model for these purposes, we focused on GLP-1. Similar to the effect observed after treatment with a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist, the intake difference between wildtype and Brattleboro rats was largely a function in the number of licking bursts, indicating differences in post-ingestive feedback (e.g., satiation). When given central injections of a GLP-1R agonist, the effect on feeding was comparable between wildtype and Brattleboro rats, but the effect of drug on fluid intake was markedly exaggerated in Brattleboro rats. Additionally, Brattleboro rats did not respond to GLP-1R antagonism, whereas wildtype rats did. Taken together, these results suggest that Brattleboro rats exhibit a selective disruption to GLP-1's control of water intake. Overall, these experiments provide foundational studies of the ingestive behavior of Brattleboro rats and demonstrate the potential to use these rats to disentangle the effects of GLP-1 on food and fluid intakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Destiny J Brakey
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kelcie C Schatz
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Derek Daniels
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zagmutt S, Mera P, González-García I, Ibeas K, Romero MDM, Obri A, Martin B, Esteve-Codina A, Soler-Vázquez MC, Bastias-Pérez M, Cañes L, Augé E, Pelegri C, Vilaplana J, Ariza X, García J, Martinez-González J, Casals N, López M, Palmiter R, Sanz E, Quintana A, Herrero L, Serra D. CPT1A in AgRP neurons is required for sex-dependent regulation of feeding and thirst. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:14. [PMID: 36966335 PMCID: PMC10040140 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamus has an important role in food intake, but its specific role in AgRP neurons is poorly understood. Here, we examined whether carnitinea palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), a key enzyme in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, affects energy balance. METHODS To obtain Cpt1aKO mice and their control littermates, Cpt1a(flox/flox) mice were crossed with tamoxifen-inducible AgRPCreERT2 mice. Food intake and body weight were analyzed weekly in both males and females. At 12 weeks of age, metabolic flexibility was determined by ghrelin-induced food intake and fasting-refeeding satiety tests. Energy expenditure was analyzed by calorimetric system and thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue. To study fluid balance the analysis of urine and water intake volumes; osmolality of urine and plasma; as well as serum levels of angiotensin and components of RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) were measured. At the central level, changes in AgRP neurons were determined by: (1) analyzing specific AgRP gene expression in RiboTag-Cpt1aKO mice obtained by crossing Cpt1aKO mice with RiboTag mice; (2) measuring presynaptic terminal formation in the AgRP neurons with the injection of the AAV1-EF1a-DIO-synaptophysin-GFP in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; (3) analyzing AgRP neuronal viability and spine formations by the injection AAV9-EF1a-DIO-mCherry in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus; (4) analyzing in situ the specific AgRP mitochondria in the ZsGreen-Cpt1aKO obtained by breeding ZsGreen mice with Cpt1aKO mice. Two-way ANOVA analyses were performed to determine the contributions of the effect of lack of CPT1A in AgRP neurons in the sex. RESULTS Changes in food intake were just seen in male Cpt1aKO mice while only female Cpt1aKO mice increased energy expenditure. The lack of Cpt1a in the AgRP neurons enhanced brown adipose tissue activity, mainly in females, and induced a substantial reduction in fat deposits and body weight. Strikingly, both male and female Cpt1aKO mice showed polydipsia and polyuria, with more reduced serum vasopressin levels in females and without osmolality alterations, indicating a direct involvement of Cpt1a in AgRP neurons in fluid balance. AgRP neurons from Cpt1aKO mice showed a sex-dependent gene expression pattern, reduced mitochondria and decreased presynaptic innervation to the paraventricular nucleus, without neuronal viability alterations. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight that fatty acid metabolism and CPT1A in AgRP neurons show marked sex differences and play a relevant role in the neuronal processes necessary for the maintenance of whole-body fluid and energy balance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Zagmutt
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paula Mera
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ismael González-García
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Kevin Ibeas
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martin
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Esteve-Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation, Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Carmen Soler-Vázquez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianela Bastias-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Cañes
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Augé
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carme Pelegri
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vilaplana
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences of the Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Ariza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Inorganic & Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Martinez-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas de Barcelona (IIBB-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Sant Pau (IIB-Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Casals
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Richard Palmiter
- Department of Biochemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisenda Sanz
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Albert Quintana
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolors Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII, 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Petzold A, van den Munkhof HE, Figge-Schlensok R, Korotkova T. Complementary lateral hypothalamic populations resist hunger pressure to balance nutritional and social needs. Cell Metab 2023; 35:456-471.e6. [PMID: 36827985 PMCID: PMC10028225 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Animals continuously weigh hunger and thirst against competing needs, such as social contact and mating, according to state and opportunity. Yet neuronal mechanisms of sensing and ranking nutritional needs remain poorly understood. Here, combining calcium imaging in freely behaving mice, optogenetics, and chemogenetics, we show that two neuronal populations of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) guide increasingly hungry animals through behavioral choices between nutritional and social rewards. While increased food consumption was marked by increasing inhibition of a leptin receptor-expressing (LepRLH) subpopulation at a fast timescale, LepRLH neurons limited feeding or drinking and promoted social interaction despite hunger or thirst. Conversely, neurotensin-expressing LH neurons preferentially encoded water despite hunger pressure and promoted water seeking, while relegating social needs. Thus, hunger and thirst gate both LH populations in a complementary manner to enable the flexible fulfillment of multiple essential needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne Petzold
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Hanna Elin van den Munkhof
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Rebecca Figge-Schlensok
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Tatiana Korotkova
- Institute for Systems Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne and University Clinic Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne 50931, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prilutski Y, Livneh Y. Physiological Needs: Sensations and Predictions in the Insular Cortex. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36040864 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiological needs create powerful motivations (e.g., thirst and hunger). Studies in humans and animal models have implicated the insular cortex in the neural regulation of physiological needs and need-driven behavior. We review prominent mechanistic models of how the insular cortex might achieve this regulation and present a conceptual and analytical framework for testing these models in healthy and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Prilutski
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yoav Livneh
- Department of Brain Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Katayama Y, Tsukada T, Hyodo S, Sakamoto H, Sakamoto T. Behavioural osmoregulation during land invasion in fish: Prandial drinking and wetting of the dry skin. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277968. [PMID: 36477197 PMCID: PMC9728915 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osmoregulatory behaviours should have evolutionarily modified for terrestrialisation of vertebrates. In mammals, sensations of buccal food and drying have immediate effects on postprandial thirst to prevent future systemic dehydration, and is thereby considered to be 'anticipatory thirst'. However, it remains unclear whether such an anticipatory response has been acquired in the non-tetrapod lineage. Using the mudskipper goby (Periophthalmus modestus) as a semi-terrestrial ray-finned fish, we herein investigated postprandial drinking and other unique features like full-body 'rolling' over on the back although these behaviours had not been considered to have osmoregulatory functions. In our observations on tidal flats, mudskippers migrated into water areas within a minute after terrestrial eating, and exhibited rolling behaviour with accompanying pectoral-fin movements. In aquarium experiments, frequency of migration into a water area for drinking increased within a few minutes after eating onset, without systemic dehydration. During their low humidity exposure, frequency of the rolling behaviour and pectoral-fin movements increased by more than five times to moisten the skin before systemic dehydration. These findings suggest anticipatory responses which arise from oral/gastrointestinal and cutaneous sensation in the goby. These sensation and motivation seem to have evolved in distantly related species in order to solve osmoregulatory challenges during terrestrialisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Katayama
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Takehiro Tsukada
- Department of Biomolecular Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Neuroscience: Secretin excites the thirst circuit. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R1318-R1320. [PMID: 36473444 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peptides secreted by internal organs and by neurons in the brain are major regulators of eating and drinking. New work shows that the peptide hormone secretin influences drinking by adjusting the excitability of neurons in the brain's thirst circuit.
Collapse
|
30
|
Yamada Y, Zhang X, Henderson MET, Sagayama H, Pontzer H, Watanabe D, Yoshida T, Kimura M, Ainslie PN, Andersen LF, Anderson LJ, Arab L, Baddou I, Bedu-Addo K, Blaak EE, Blanc S, Bonomi AG, Bouten CVC, Bovet P, Buchowski MS, Butte NF, Camps SG, Close GL, Cooper JA, Cooper R, Das SK, Dugas LR, Eaton S, Ekelund U, Entringer S, Forrester T, Fudge BW, Goris AH, Gurven M, Halsey LG, Hambly C, El Hamdouchi A, Hoos MB, Hu S, Joonas N, Joosen AM, Katzmarzyk P, Kempen KP, Kraus WE, Kriengsinyos W, Kushner RF, Lambert EV, Leonard WR, Lessan N, Martin CK, Medin AC, Meijer EP, Morehen JC, Morton JP, Neuhouser ML, Nicklas TA, Ojiambo RM, Pietiläinen KH, Pitsiladis YP, Plange-Rhule J, Plasqui G, Prentice RL, Rabinovich RA, Racette SB, Raichlen DA, Ravussin E, Redman LM, Reilly JJ, Reynolds RM, Roberts SB, Schuit AJ, Sardinha LB, Silva AM, Sjödin AM, Stice E, Urlacher SS, Valenti G, Van Etten LM, Van Mil EA, Wells JCK, Wilson G, Wood BM, Yanovski JA, Murphy-Alford AJ, Loechl CU, Luke AH, Rood J, Westerterp KR, Wong WW, Miyachi M, Schoeller DA, Speakman JR. Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors. Science 2022; 378:909-915. [PMID: 36423296 PMCID: PMC9764345 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm8668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Water is essential for survival, but one in three individuals worldwide (2.2 billion people) lacks access to safe drinking water. Water intake requirements largely reflect water turnover (WT), the water used by the body each day. We investigated the determinants of human WT in 5604 people from the ages of 8 days to 96 years from 23 countries using isotope-tracking (2H) methods. Age, body size, and composition were significantly associated with WT, as were physical activity, athletic status, pregnancy, socioeconomic status, and environmental characteristics (latitude, altitude, air temperature, and humidity). People who lived in countries with a low human development index (HDI) had higher WT than people in high-HDI countries. On the basis of this extensive dataset, we provide equations to predict human WT in relation to anthropometric, economic, and environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Mary E T Henderson
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Hiroyuki Sagayama
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daiki Watanabe
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yoshida
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Misaka Kimura
- Institute for Active Health, Kyoto University of Advanced Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular Health, School of Health and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lene F Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Liam J Anderson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lenore Arab
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Issad Baddou
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ellen E Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Stephane Blanc
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, CNRS Université de Strasbourg, UMR7178, France
| | | | | | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maciej S Buchowski
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nancy F Butte
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan G Camps
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency of Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Graeme L Close
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jamie A Cooper
- Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard Cooper
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sai Krupa Das
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lara R Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Psychology, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Terrence Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | | | | | - Michael Gurven
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Lewis G Halsey
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, UK
| | - Catherine Hambly
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Asmaa El Hamdouchi
- Unité Mixte de Recherche en Nutrition et Alimentation, CNESTEN-Université Ibn Tofail URAC39, Regional Designated Center of Nutrition Associated with AFRA/IAEA, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | - Sumei Hu
- Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| | - Noorjehan Joonas
- Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Mauritius
| | | | | | | | | | - Wantanee Kriengsinyos
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakon-Pathom, Thailand
| | - Robert F Kushner
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Estelle V Lambert
- Health Through Physical Activity, Lifestyle and Sport Research Centre (HPALS) Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), FIMS International Collaborating Centre of Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - William R Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Nader Lessan
- Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Corby K Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Anine C Medin
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
| | | | - James C Morehen
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
- The FA Group, Burton-Upon-Trent, Staffordshire, UK
| | - James P Morton
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Marian L Neuhouser
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theresa A Nicklas
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert M Ojiambo
- Kenya School of Medicine, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya
- Rwanda Division of Basic Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, and Abdominal Center, Obesity Center, HealthyWeightHub, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- School of Sport and Service Management, University of Brighton, Eastbourne, UK
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Department of Physiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Guy Plasqui
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ross L Prentice
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center and School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA, and College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Biological Sciences and Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eric Ravussin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susan B Roberts
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Albertine J Schuit
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Tilburg, Tilburg, Netherlands
| | - Luis B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Analiza M Silva
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Anders M Sjödin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Stice
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Samuel S Urlacher
- Department of Anthropology, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
- Child and Brain Development Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giulio Valenti
- Phillips Research, Eindoven, Netherlands
- Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Edgar A Van Mil
- Maastricht University, Brightlands Campus Greenport Venlo and Lifestyle Medicine Center for Children, Jeroen Bosch Hospital, Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | - Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - George Wilson
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Department of Human Behavior, Ecology, and Culture, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexia J Murphy-Alford
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy H Luke
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Rood
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - William W Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, US Department of Agriculture (USDA)/Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Dale A Schoeller
- Biotechnology Center and Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Janssens P, Decuypere JP, Bammens B, Llorens-Cortes C, Vennekens R, Mekahli D. The emerging role of the apelinergic system in kidney physiology and disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2022; 37:2314-2326. [PMID: 33744967 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The apelinergic system (AS) is a novel pleiotropic system with an essential role in renal and cardiovascular physiology and disease, including water homeostasis and blood pressure regulation. It consists of two highly conserved peptide ligands, apelin and apela, and a G-protein-coupled apelin receptor. The two ligands have many isoforms and a short half-life and exert both similar and divergent effects. Vasopressin, apelin and their receptors colocalize in hypothalamic regions essential for body fluid homeostasis and interact at the central and renal levels to regulate water homeostasis and diuresis in inverse directions. In addition, the AS and renin-angiotensin system interact both systemically and in the kidney, with implications for the cardiovascular system. A role for the AS in diverse pathological states, including disorders of sodium and water balance, hypertension, heart failure, pre-eclampsia, acute kidney injury, sepsis and diabetic nephropathy, has recently been reported. Furthermore, several metabolically stable apelin analogues have been developed, with potential applications in diverse diseases. We review here what is currently known about the physiological functions of the AS, focusing on renal, cardiovascular and metabolic homeostasis, and the role of the AS in associated diseases. We also describe several hurdles and research opportunities worthy of the attention of the nephrology community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Janssens
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussell), Department of Nephrology, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Decuypere
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert Bammens
- Department of Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Catherine Llorens-Cortes
- Laboratory of Central Neuropeptides in the Regulation of Body Fluid Homeostasis and Cardiovascular Functions, Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology, Collège de France, INSERM U1050, CNRS UMR 7241, Paris, France
| | - Rudi Vennekens
- Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium and
| | - Djalila Mekahli
- PKD Research Group, Laboratory of Pediatrics, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang F, Mak SOK, Liu Y, Ke Y, Rao F, Yung WH, Zhang L, Chow BKC. Secretin receptor deletion in the subfornical organ attenuates the activation of excitatory neurons under dehydration. Curr Biol 2022; 32:4832-4841.e5. [PMID: 36220076 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, thirst is strongly influenced by the subfornical organ (SFO), a forebrain structure that integrates circulating signals including osmotic pressure and sodium contents. Secretin (SCT), a classical gastrointestinal hormone, has been implicated as a humoral factor regulating body-fluid homeostasis. However, the neural mechanism of secretin in the central nervous system in managing thirst remains unclear. In this study, we report that the local ablation of SCT receptor (SCTR) in the SFO reduces water but not salt intake in dehydrated mice and this effect could not be rescued by exogenous SCT administration. Electrophysiology with single-cell RT-PCR indicates that SCT elicits inward currents in the SFO neuronal nitric oxide synthase (SFOnNOS) neurons via SCTR in the presence of glutamate receptor antagonists. We further show that the SCTR in the SFO permits the activation of SFOnNOS neurons under distinct thirst types. Projection-specific gene deletion of SCTR in SFO to the median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) pathway also reduces water intake in dehydrated animals. SCT signaling thus plays an indispensable role in driving thirst. These data not only expand the functional boundaries of SCTR but also provide insights into the central mechanisms of homeostatic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fengwei Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sarah O K Mak
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuchu Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Ke
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Rao
- School of Life Sciences, Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wing Ho Yung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China; Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Institute, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China.
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Durst und Trinken – Physiologie und Bedeutung für die Störungen des Wasserhaushalts. JOURNAL FÜR KLINISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE UND STOFFWECHSEL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s41969-022-00179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
34
|
Abstract
The nucleus accumbens (NAc) is a canonical reward center that regulates feeding and drinking but it is not known whether these behaviors are mediated by same or different neurons. We employed two-photon calcium imaging in awake, behaving mice and found that during the appetitive phase, both hunger and thirst are sensed by a nearly identical population of individual D1 and D2 neurons in the NAc that respond monophasically to food cues in fasted animals and water cues in dehydrated animals. During the consummatory phase, we identified three distinct neuronal clusters that are temporally correlated with action initiation, consumption, and cessation shared by feeding and drinking. These dynamic clusters also show a nearly complete overlap of individual D1 neurons and extensive overlap among D2 neurons. Modulating D1 and D2 neural activities revealed analogous effects on feeding versus drinking behaviors. In aggregate, these data show that a highly overlapping set of D1 and D2 neurons in NAc detect food and water reward and elicit concordant responses to hunger and thirst. These studies establish a general role of this mesolimbic pathway in mediating instinctive behaviors by controlling motivation-associated variables rather than conferring behavioral specificity.
Collapse
|
35
|
Kopruszinski CM, Vizin R, Watanabe M, Martinez AL, de Souza LHM, Dodick DW, Porreca F, Navratilova E. Exploring the neurobiology of the premonitory phase of migraine preclinically - a role for hypothalamic kappa opioid receptors? J Headache Pain 2022; 23:126. [PMID: 36175828 PMCID: PMC9524131 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-022-01497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The migraine premonitory phase is characterized in part by increased thirst, urination and yawning. Imaging studies show that the hypothalamus is activated in the premonitory phase. Stress is a well know migraine initiation factor which was demonstrated to engage dynorphin/kappa opioid receptors (KOR) signaling in several brain regions, including the hypothalamus. This study proposes the exploration of the possible link between hypothalamic KOR and migraine premonitory symptoms in rodent models. Methods Rats were treated systemically with the KOR agonist U-69,593 followed by yawning and urination monitoring. Apomorphine, a dopamine D1/2 agonist, was used as a positive control for yawning behaviors. Urination and water consumption following systemic administration of U-69,593 was also assessed. To examine if KOR activation specifically in the hypothalamus can promote premonitory symptoms, AAV8-hSyn-DIO-hM4Di (Gi-DREADD)-mCherry viral vector was microinjected into the right arcuate nucleus (ARC) of female and male KORCRE or KORWT mice. Four weeks after the injection, clozapine N-oxide (CNO) was administered systemically followed by the assessment of urination, water consumption and tactile sensory response. Results Systemic administration of U-69,593 increased urination but did not produce yawning in rats. Systemic KOR agonist also increased urination in mice as well as water consumption. Cell specific Gi-DREADD activation (i.e., inhibition through Gi-coupled signaling) of KORCRE neurons in the ARC also increased water consumption and the total volume of urine in mice but did not affect tactile sensory responses. Conclusion Our studies in rodents identified the KOR in a hypothalamic region as a mechanism that promotes behaviors consistent with clinically-observed premonitory symptoms of migraine, including increased thirst and urination but not yawning. Importantly, these behaviors occurred in the absence of pain responses, consistent with the emergence of the premonitory phase before the headache phase. Early intervention for preventive treatment even before the headache phase may be achievable by targeting the hypothalamic KOR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s10194-022-01497-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Robson Vizin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Moe Watanabe
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ashley L Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Frank Porreca
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.,Department of Collaborative Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Edita Navratilova
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA. .,Department of Collaborative Research, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Park A, Croset V, Otto N, Agarwal D, Treiber CD, Meschi E, Sims D, Waddell S. Gliotransmission of D-serine promotes thirst-directed behaviors in Drosophila. Curr Biol 2022; 32:3952-3970.e8. [PMID: 35963239 PMCID: PMC9616736 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thirst emerges from a range of cellular changes that ultimately motivate an animal to consume water. Although thirst-responsive neuronal signals have been reported, the full complement of brain responses is unclear. Here, we identify molecular and cellular adaptations in the brain using single-cell sequencing of water-deprived Drosophila. Water deficiency primarily altered the glial transcriptome. Screening the regulated genes revealed astrocytic expression of the astray-encoded phosphoserine phosphatase to bi-directionally regulate water consumption. Astray synthesizes the gliotransmitter D-serine, and vesicular release from astrocytes is required for drinking. Moreover, dietary D-serine rescues aay-dependent drinking deficits while facilitating water consumption and expression of water-seeking memory. D-serine action requires binding to neuronal NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Fly astrocytes contribute processes to tripartite synapses, and the proportion of astrocytes that are themselves activated by glutamate increases with water deprivation. We propose that thirst elevates astrocytic D-serine release, which awakens quiescent glutamatergic circuits to enhance water procurement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annie Park
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Vincent Croset
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.
| | - Nils Otto
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Devika Agarwal
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK; MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Programme (CGAT), MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christoph D Treiber
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Eleonora Meschi
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - David Sims
- MRC Computational Genomics Analysis and Training Programme (CGAT), MRC Centre for Computational Biology, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Scott Waddell
- Centre for Neural Circuits & Behaviour, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wang J, Beecher K, Chehrehasa F, Moody H. The limitations of investigating appetite through circuit manipulations: are we biting off more than we can chew? Rev Neurosci 2022; 34:295-311. [PMID: 36054842 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2022-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Disordered eating can underpin a number of debilitating and prevalent chronic diseases, such as obesity. Broader advances in psychopharmacology and biology have motivated some neuroscientists to address diet-induced obesity through reductionist, pre-clinical eating investigations on the rodent brain. Specifically, chemogenetic and optogenetic methods developed in the 21st century allow neuroscientists to perform in vivo, region-specific/projection-specific/promoter-specific circuit manipulations and immediately assess the impact of these manipulations on rodent feeding. These studies are able to rigorously conclude whether a specific neuronal population regulates feeding behaviour in the hope of eventually developing a mechanistic neuroanatomical map of appetite regulation. However, an artificially stimulated/inhibited rodent neuronal population that changes feeding behaviour does not necessarily represent a pharmacological target for treating eating disorders in humans. Chemogenetic/optogenetic findings must therefore be triangulated with the array of theories that contribute to our understanding of appetite. The objective of this review is to provide a wide-ranging discussion of the limitations of chemogenetic/optogenetic circuit manipulation experiments in rodents that are used to investigate appetite. Stepping into and outside of medical science epistemologies, this paper draws on philosophy of science, nutrition, addiction biology and neurophilosophy to prompt more integrative, transdisciplinary interpretations of chemogenetic/optogenetic appetite data. Through discussing the various technical and epistemological limitations of these data, we provide both an overview of chemogenetics and optogenetics accessible to non-neuroscientist obesity researchers, as well as a resource for neuroscientists to expand the number of lenses through which they interpret their circuit manipulation findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Wang
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Building 71/918 Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, Herston 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Chehrehasa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Hayley Moody
- Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane 4000, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Winter A, McMurray KMJ, Ahlbrand R, Allgire E, Shukla S, Jones J, Sah R. The subfornical organ regulates acidosis-evoked fear by engaging microglial acid-sensor TDAG8 and forebrain neurocircuits in male mice. J Neurosci Res 2022; 100:1732-1746. [PMID: 35553084 PMCID: PMC9812228 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An important role of pH homeostasis has been suggested in the physiology of panic disorder, with acidosis as an interoceptive trigger leading to fear and panic. Identification of novel mechanisms that can translate acidosis into fear will promote a better understanding of panic physiology. The current study explores a role of the subfornical organ (SFO), a blood-brain barrier compromised brain area, in translating acidosis to fear-relevant behaviors. We performed SFO-targeted acidification in male, wild-type mice and mice lacking microglial acid-sensing G protein-coupled receptor-T-cell death-associated gene 8 (TDAG8). Localized SFO acidification evoked significant freezing and reduced exploration that was dependent on the presence of acid-sensor TDAG8. Acidosis promoted the activation of SFO microglia and neurons that were absent in TDAG8-deficient mice. The assessment of regional neuronal activation in wild-type and TDAG8-deficient mice following SFO acidification revealed significant acidosis and genotype-dependent alterations in the hypothalamus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and periaqueductal gray nuclei. Furthermore, mapping of interregional co-activation patterns revealed that SFO acidosis promoted positive hypothalamic-cortex associations and desynchronized SFO-cortex and amygdala-cortex associations, suggesting an interplay of homeostatic and fear regulatory areas. Importantly, these alterations were not evident in TDAG8-deficient mice. Overall, our data support a regulatory role of subfornical organ microglial acid sensing in acidosis-evoked fear, highlighting a centralized role of blood-brain barrier compromised nodes in interoceptive sensing and behavioral regulation. Identification of pathways by which humoral information can modulate fear behavior is relevant to panic disorder, where aberrant interoceptive signaling has been reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Winter
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine M. J. McMurray
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca Ahlbrand
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily Allgire
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Sachi Shukla
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - James Jones
- Neuroscience Undergraduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Renu Sah
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- VA Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Grove JCR, Gray LA, La Santa Medina N, Sivakumar N, Ahn JS, Corpuz TV, Berke JD, Kreitzer AC, Knight ZA. Dopamine subsystems that track internal states. Nature 2022; 608:374-380. [PMID: 35831501 PMCID: PMC9365689 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04954-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Food and water are rewarding in part because they satisfy our internal needs1,2. Dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are activated by gustatory rewards3-5, but how animals learn to associate these oral cues with the delayed physiological effects of ingestion is unknown. Here we show that individual dopaminergic neurons in the VTA respond to detection of nutrients or water at specific stages of ingestion. A major subset of dopaminergic neurons tracks changes in systemic hydration that occur tens of minutes after thirsty mice drink water, whereas different dopaminergic neurons respond to nutrients in the gastrointestinal tract. We show that information about fluid balance is transmitted to the VTA by a hypothalamic pathway and then re-routed to downstream circuits that track the oral, gastrointestinal and post-absorptive stages of ingestion. To investigate the function of these signals, we used a paradigm in which a fluid's oral and post-absorptive effects can be independently manipulated and temporally separated. We show that mice rapidly learn to prefer one fluid over another based solely on its rehydrating ability and that this post-ingestive learning is prevented if dopaminergic neurons in the VTA are selectively silenced after consumption. These findings reveal that the midbrain dopamine system contains subsystems that track different modalities and stages of ingestion, on timescales from seconds to tens of minutes, and that this information is used to drive learning about the consequences of ingestion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James C R Grove
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jamie S Ahn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Joshua D Berke
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anatol C Kreitzer
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zachary A Knight
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rosinger AY, Bethancourt HJ, Swanson ZS, Lopez K, Kenney WL, Huanca T, Conde E, Nzunza R, Ndiema E, Braun DR, Pontzer H. Cross-cultural variation in thirst perception in hot-humid and hot-arid environments: Evidence from two small-scale populations. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23715. [PMID: 34942040 PMCID: PMC9177510 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Thirst is an evolved central homeostatic feedback system that helps regulate body water for survival. Little research has examined how early development and exposure to extreme environments and water availability affect thirst perception, particularly outside Western settings. Therefore, we compared two indicators of perceived thirst (current thirst and pleasantness of drinking water) using visual scales among Tsimane' forager-horticulturalists in the hot-humid Bolivian Amazon and Daasanach agro-pastoralists in hot-arid Northern Kenya. METHODS We examined how these measures of perceived thirst were associated with hydration status (urine specific gravity), ambient temperatures, birth season, age, and population-specific characteristics for 607 adults (n = 378 Tsimane', n = 229 Daasanach) aged 18+ using multi-level mixed-effect regressions. RESULTS Tsimane' had higher perceived thirst than Daasanach. Across populations, hydration status was unrelated to both measures of thirst. There was a significant interaction between birth season and temperature on pleasantness of drinking water, driven by Kenya data. Daasanach born in the wet season (in utero during less water availability) had blunted pleasantness of drinking water at higher temperatures compared to those born in the dry season (in utero during greater water availability). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest hydration status is not a reliable predictor of thirst perceptions in extreme-hot environments with ad libitum drinking. Rather, our findings, which require additional confirmation, point to the importance of water availability during gestation in affecting thirst sensitivity to heat and water feedback mechanisms, particularly in arid environments. Thirst regulation will be increasingly important to understand given climate change driven exposures to extreme heat and water insecurity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y. Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Hilary J. Bethancourt
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zane S. Swanson
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kaylee Lopez
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - W. Larry Kenney
- Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Tomas Huanca
- Centro Boliviano de Investigación y Desarrollo Socio Integral, San Borja, Bolivia
| | - Esther Conde
- Centro Boliviano de Investigación y Desarrollo Socio Integral, San Borja, Bolivia
| | - Rosemary Nzunza
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Ndiema
- Department of Earth Sciences, National Museums of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - David R. Braun
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of Anthropology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute of Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dodds KN, Travis L, Kyloh MA, Jones LA, Keating DJ, Spencer NJ. The gut-brain axis: spatial relationship between spinal afferent nerves and 5-HT-containing enterochromaffin cells in mucosa of mouse colon. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2022; 322:G523-G533. [PMID: 35293258 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00019.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cross talk between the gastrointestinal tract and brain is of significant relevance for human health and disease. However, our understanding of how the gut and brain communicate has been limited by a lack of techniques to identify the precise spatial relationship between extrinsic nerve endings and their proximity to specific cell types that line the inner surface of the gastrointestinal tract. We used an in vivo anterograde tracing technique, previously developed in our laboratory, to selectively label single spinal afferent axons and their nerve endings in mouse colonic mucosa. The closest three-dimensional distances between spinal afferent nerve endings and axonal varicosities to enterochromaffin (EC) cells, which contain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT), were then measured. The mean distances (± standard deviation) between any varicosity along a spinal afferent axon or its nerve ending, and the nearest EC cell, were 5.7 ± 6.0 μm (median: 3.6 μm) and 26.9 ± 18.6 μm (median: 24.1 μm), respectively. Randomization of the spatial location of EC cells revealed similar results to this actual data. These distances are ∼200-1,000 times greater than those between pre- and postsynaptic membranes (15-25 nm) that underlie synaptic transmission in the vertebrate nervous system. Our findings suggest that colonic 5-HT-containing EC cells release substances to activate centrally projecting spinal afferent nerves likely via diffusion, as such signaling is unlikely to occur with the spatial fidelity of a synapse.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We show an absence of close physical contact between spinal afferent nerves and 5-HT-containing EC cells in mouse colonic mucosa. Similar relative distances were observed between randomized EC cells and spinal afferents compared with actual data. This spatial relationship suggests that substances released from colonic 5-HT-containing EC cells are unlikely to act via synaptic transmission to neighboring spinal afferents that relay sensory information from the gut lumen to the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelsi N Dodds
- Visceral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute & College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lee Travis
- Visceral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute & College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Melinda A Kyloh
- Visceral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute & College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lauren A Jones
- Molecular & Cellular Physiology Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute & College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Damien J Keating
- Molecular & Cellular Physiology Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute & College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nick J Spencer
- Visceral Neurophysiology Laboratory, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute & College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kurt G, Kodur N, Quiles CR, Reynolds C, Eagle A, Mayer T, Brown J, Makela A, Bugescu R, Seo HD, Carroll QE, Daniels D, Robison AJ, Mazei-Robison M, Leinninger G. Time to drink: Activating lateral hypothalamic area neurotensin neurons promotes intake of fluid over food in a time-dependent manner. Physiol Behav 2022; 247:113707. [PMID: 35063424 PMCID: PMC8844224 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) is essential for ingestive behavior but has primarily been studied in modulating feeding, with comparatively scant attention on drinking. This is partly because most LHA neurons simultaneously promote feeding and drinking, suggesting that ingestive behaviors track together. A notable exception are LHA neurons expressing neurotensin (LHANts neurons): activating these neurons promotes water intake but modestly restrains feeding. Here we investigated the connectivity of LHANts neurons, their necessity and sufficiency for drinking and feeding, and how timing and resource availability influence their modulation of these behaviors. LHANts neurons project broadly throughout the brain, including to the lateral preoptic area (LPO), a brain region implicated in modulating drinking behavior. LHANts neurons also receive inputs from brain regions implicated in sensing hydration and energy status. While activation of LHANts neurons is not required to maintain homeostatic water or food intake, it selectively promotes drinking during the light cycle, when ingestive drive is low. Activating LHANts neurons during this period also increases willingness to work for water or palatable fluids, regardless of their caloric content. By contrast, LHANts neuronal activation during the dark cycle does not promote drinking, but suppresses feeding during this time. Finally, we demonstrate that the activation of the LHANts → LPO projection is sufficient to mediate drinking behavior, but does not suppress feeding as observed after generally activating all LHANts neurons. Overall, our work suggests how and when LHANts neurons oppositely modulate ingestive behaviors.
Collapse
Key Words
- ARC, Arcuate nucleus
- CEA, Central amygdala
- CNO, Clozapine N-Oxide
- CPP, Conditioned place preference
- DR, Dorsal raphe
- DREADD
- DREADD, Designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drugs
- FR-1, Fixed ratio-1
- LHA
- LHA(Nts), Lateral hypothalamic area neuotensin-expressing
- LHA, Lateral hypothalamic area
- LPO, Lateral preoptic area
- LT, Lateral terminalis
- LepRb, Long form of the leptin receptor
- MnPO, Median preoptic area
- ModRabies, Genetically modified rabies virus, EnvA-∆G-Rabies-mCherry
- NTS, Nucleus of solitary tract
- Nts, Neurotensin
- NtsR1, Neurotensin receptor-1
- NtsR2, Neurotensin receptor-2
- OVLT, Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis
- PAG, Periaqueductal gray
- PB, Parabrachial area
- PR, Progressive ratio
- PVH, Paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus
- SFO, Subfornical organ
- SNc, Substantia nigra compacta
- SO, Supraoptic nucleus
- TVA, avian viral receptor protein
- VEH, Vehicle
- VTA, Ventral tegmental area
- WT, Wild type
- Water
- aCSF, Artificial cerebrospinal fluid
- body weight
- feeding
- homeostasis
- lHb, Lateral habenula
- lateral preoptic area (LPO)
- neurotensin receptor
- reward
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Kurt
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nandan Kodur
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Chelsea Reynolds
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Andrew Eagle
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Tom Mayer
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Juliette Brown
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Anna Makela
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Raluca Bugescu
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Harim Delgado Seo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Quinn E Carroll
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14226, USA
| | - Derek Daniels
- Department of Psychology and the Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, the State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14226, USA
| | - A J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | - Gina Leinninger
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Subfornical organ interleukin 1 receptor: A novel regulator of spontaneous and conditioned fear associated behaviors in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:304-317. [PMID: 35032573 PMCID: PMC9836229 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired threat responding and fear regulation is a hallmark of psychiatric conditions such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and Panic Disorder (PD). Most studies have focused on external psychogenic threats to study fear, however, accumulating evidence suggests a primary role of homeostatic perturbations and interoception in regulating emotional behaviors. Heightened reactivity to interoceptive threat carbon dioxide (CO2) inhalation associates with increased risk for developing PD and PTSD, however, contributory mechanisms and molecular targets are not well understood. Previous studies from our group suggested a potential role of interleukin 1 receptor (IL-1R1) signaling within BBB-devoid sensory circumventricular organ, the subfornical organ (SFO) in CO2-evoked fear. However, the necessity of SFO-IL-1R1 in regulating CO2-associated spontaneous fear as well as, long-term fear potentiation relevant to PD/PTSD has not been investigated. The current study tested male mice with SFO-targeted microinfusion of the IL-1R1 antagonist (IL-1RA) or vehicle in a recently developed CO2-startle-fear conditioning-extinction paradigm. Consistent with our hypothesis, SFO IL-1RA treatment elicited significant attenuation of freezing and increased rearing during CO2 inhalation suggesting SFO-IL1R1 regulation of spontaneous fear to CO2. Intriguingly, SFO IL-1RA treatment normalized CO2-associated potentiation of conditioned fear and impaired extinction a week later suggesting modulation of long-term fear by SFO-IL-1R1 signaling. Post behavior FosB mapping revealed recruitment of prefrontal cortex-amygdala-periaqueductal gray (PAG) areas in SFO-IL-1RA mediated effects. Additionally, we localized cellular IL-1R1 expression within the SFO to blood vessel endothelial cells and observed CO2-induced alterations in IL-1β/IL-1R1 expression in peripheral mononuclear cells and SFO. Lastly, CO2-evoked microglial activation was attenuated in SFO-IL-1RA treated mice. These observations suggest a peripheral monocyte-endothelial-microglia interplay in SFO-IL-1R1 modulation of CO2-associated spontaneous fear and delayed fear memory. Collectively, our data highlight a novel, "bottom-up" neuroimmune mechanism that integrates interoceptive and exteroceptive threat processing of relevance to fear-related pathologies.
Collapse
|
44
|
Junkins MS, Bagriantsev SN, Gracheva EO. Towards understanding the neural origins of hibernation. J Exp Biol 2022; 225:273864. [PMID: 34982152 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.229542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Hibernators thrive under harsh environmental conditions instead of initiating canonical behavioral and physiological responses to promote survival. Although the physiological changes that occur during hibernation have been comprehensively researched, the role of the nervous system in this process remains relatively underexplored. In this Review, we adopt the perspective that the nervous system plays an active, essential role in facilitating and supporting hibernation. Accumulating evidence strongly suggests that the hypothalamus enters a quiescent state in which powerful drives to thermoregulate, eat and drink are suppressed. Similarly, cardiovascular and pulmonary reflexes originating in the brainstem are altered to permit the profoundly slow heart and breathing rates observed during torpor. The mechanisms underlying these changes to the hypothalamus and brainstem are not currently known, but several neuromodulatory systems have been implicated in the induction and maintenance of hibernation. The intersection of these findings with modern neuroscience approaches, such as optogenetics and in vivo calcium imaging, has opened several exciting avenues for hibernation research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine S Junkins
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Sviatoslav N Bagriantsev
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Elena O Gracheva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.,Department of Neuroscience and Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Brain PCO2 is sensed primarily via changes in [H+]. Small pH changes are detected in the medulla oblongata and trigger breathing adjustments that help maintain arterial PCO2 constant. Larger perturbations of brain CO2/H+, possibly also sensed elsewhere in the CNS, elicit arousal, dyspnea, and stress, and cause additional breathing modifications. The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a rostral medullary cluster of glutamatergic neurons identified by coexpression of Phoxb and Nmb transcripts, is the lynchpin of the central respiratory chemoreflex. RTN regulates breathing frequency, inspiratory amplitude, and active expiration. It is exquisitely responsive to acidosis in vivo and maintains breathing autorhythmicity during quiet waking, slow-wave sleep, and anesthesia. The RTN response to [H+] is partly an intrinsic neuronal property mediated by proton sensors TASK-2 and GPR4 and partly a paracrine effect mediated by astrocytes and the vasculature. The RTN also receives myriad excitatory or inhibitory synaptic inputs including from [H+]-responsive neurons (e.g., serotonergic). RTN is silenced by moderate hypoxia. RTN inactivity (periodic or sustained) contributes to periodic breathing and, likely, to central sleep apnea. RTN development relies on transcription factors Egr2, Phox2b, Lbx1, and Atoh1. PHOX2B mutations cause congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; they impair RTN development and consequently the central respiratory chemoreflex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrice G Guyenet
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
NODA M, MATSUDA T. Central regulation of body fluid homeostasis. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2022; 98:283-324. [PMID: 35908954 PMCID: PMC9363595 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.98.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular fluids, including blood, lymphatic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid, are collectively called body fluids. The Na+ concentration ([Na+]) in body fluids is maintained at 135-145 mM and is broadly conserved among terrestrial animals. Homeostatic osmoregulation by Na+ is vital for life because severe hyper- or hypotonicity elicits irreversible organ damage and lethal neurological trauma. To achieve "body fluid homeostasis" or "Na homeostasis", the brain continuously monitors [Na+] in body fluids and controls water/salt intake and water/salt excretion by the kidneys. These physiological functions are primarily regulated based on information on [Na+] and relevant circulating hormones, such as angiotensin II, aldosterone, and vasopressin. In this review, we discuss sensing mechanisms for [Na+] and hormones in the brain that control water/salt intake behaviors, together with the responsible sensors (receptors) and relevant neural pathways. We also describe mechanisms in the brain by which [Na+] increases in body fluids activate the sympathetic neural activity leading to hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu NODA
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta-cho 4259, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Takashi MATSUDA
- Homeostatic Mechanism Research Unit, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Souza LA, Earley YF. (Pro)renin Receptor and Blood Pressure Regulation: A Focus on the Central Nervous System. Curr Hypertens Rev 2022; 18:101-116. [PMID: 35086455 PMCID: PMC9662243 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x20666220127105655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is classically described as a hormonal system in which angiotensin II (Ang II) is one of the main active peptides. The action of circulating Ang II on its cognate Ang II type-1 receptor (AT1R) in circumventricular organs has important roles in regulating the autonomic nervous system, blood pressure (BP) and body fluid homeostasis, and has more recently been implicated in cardiovascular metabolism. The presence of a local or tissue RAS in various tissues, including the central nervous system (CNS), is well established. However, because the level of renin, the rate-limiting enzyme in the systemic RAS, is very low in the brain, how endogenous angiotensin peptides are generated in the CNS-the focus of this review-has been the subject of considerable debate. Notable in this context is the identification of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) as a key component of the brain RAS in the production of Ang II in the CNS. In this review, we highlight cellular and anatomical locations of the PRR in the CNS. We also summarize studies using gain- and loss-of function approaches to elucidate the functional importance of brain PRR-mediated Ang II formation and brain RAS activation, as well as PRR-mediated Ang II-independent signaling pathways, in regulating BP. We further discuss recent developments in PRR involvement in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and present perspectives for future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A.C. Souza
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Yumei Feng Earley
- Departments of Pharmacology and Physiology & Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA,Center for Molecular and Cellular Signaling in the Cardiovascular System, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Neuroimaging and modulation in obesity and diabetes research: 10th anniversary meeting. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:718-725. [PMID: 34934178 PMCID: PMC8960390 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
49
|
Sennesh E, Theriault J, Brooks D, van de Meent JW, Barrett LF, Quigley KS. Interoception as modeling, allostasis as control. Biol Psychol 2021; 167:108242. [PMID: 34942287 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The brain regulates the body by anticipating its needs and attempting to meet them before they arise - a process called allostasis. Allostasis requires a model of the changing sensory conditions within the body, a process called interoception. In this paper, we examine how interoception may provide performance feedback for allostasis. We suggest studying allostasis in terms of control theory, reviewing control theory's applications to related issues in physiology, motor control, and decision making. We synthesize these by relating them to the important properties of allostatic regulation as a control problem. We then sketch a novel formalism for how the brain might perform allostatic control of the viscera by analogy to skeletomotor control, including a mathematical view on how interoception acts as performance feedback for allostasis. Finally, we suggest ways to test implications of our hypotheses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eli Sennesh
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA , United States.
| | | | - Dana Brooks
- Northeastern University, Boston, MA , United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Proczka M, Przybylski J, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Szczepańska-Sadowska E, Żera T. Vasopressin and Breathing: Review of Evidence for Respiratory Effects of the Antidiuretic Hormone. Front Physiol 2021; 12:744177. [PMID: 34867449 PMCID: PMC8637824 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.744177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vasopressin (AVP) is a key neurohormone involved in the regulation of body functions. Due to its urine-concentrating effect in the kidneys, it is often referred to as antidiuretic hormone. Besides its antidiuretic renal effects, AVP is a potent neurohormone involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure, sympathetic activity, baroreflex sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, release of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, stress response, anxiety, memory, and behavior. Vasopressin is synthesized in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic nuclei (SON) of the hypothalamus and released into the circulation from the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland together with a C-terminal fragment of pro-vasopressin, known as copeptin. Additionally, vasopressinergic neurons project from the hypothalamus to the brainstem nuclei. Increased release of AVP into the circulation and elevated levels of its surrogate marker copeptin are found in pulmonary diseases, arterial hypertension, heart failure, obstructive sleep apnoea, severe infections, COVID-19 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and brain injuries. All these conditions are usually accompanied by respiratory disturbances. The main stimuli that trigger AVP release include hyperosmolality, hypovolemia, hypotension, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, strenuous exercise, and angiotensin II (Ang II) and the same stimuli are known to affect pulmonary ventilation. In this light, we hypothesize that increased AVP release and changes in ventilation are not coincidental, but that the neurohormone contributes to the regulation of the respiratory system by fine-tuning of breathing in order to restore homeostasis. We discuss evidence in support of this presumption. Specifically, vasopressinergic neurons innervate the brainstem nuclei involved in the control of respiration. Moreover, vasopressin V1a receptors (V1aRs) are expressed on neurons in the respiratory centers of the brainstem, in the circumventricular organs (CVOs) that lack a blood-brain barrier, and on the chemosensitive type I cells in the carotid bodies. Finally, peripheral and central administrations of AVP or antagonists of V1aRs increase/decrease phrenic nerve activity and pulmonary ventilation in a site-specific manner. Altogether, the findings discussed in this review strongly argue for the hypothesis that vasopressin affects ventilation both as a blood-borne neurohormone and as a neurotransmitter within the central nervous system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Proczka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Przybylski
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology, and Pathophysiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Szczepańska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tymoteusz Żera
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|