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Pizzirusso G, Preka E, Goikolea J, Aguilar-Ruiz C, Rodriguez-Rodriguez P, Vazquez-Cabrera G, Laterza S, Latorre-Leal M, Eroli F, Blomgren K, Maioli S, Nilsson P, Fragkopoulou A, Fisahn A, Arroyo-García LE. Dynamic microglia alterations associate with hippocampal network impairments: A turning point in amyloid pathology progression. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:286-300. [PMID: 38608739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder causing memory loss and cognitive decline. The underlying causes of cognitive deterioration and neurodegeneration remain unclear, leading to a lack of effective strategies to prevent dementia. Recent evidence highlights the role of neuroinflammation, particularly involving microglia, in Alzheimer's disease onset and progression. Characterizing the initial phase of Alzheimer's disease can lead to the discovery of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets, facilitating timely interventions for effective treatments. We used the AppNL-G-F knock-in mouse model, which resembles the amyloid pathology and neuroinflammatory characteristics of Alzheimer's disease, to investigate the transition from a pre-plaque to an early plaque stage with a combined functional and molecular approach. Our experiments show a progressive decrease in the power of cognition-relevant hippocampal gamma oscillations during the early stage of amyloid pathology, together with a modification of fast-spiking interneuron intrinsic properties and postsynaptic input. Consistently, transcriptomic analyses revealed that these effects are accompanied by changes in synaptic function-associated pathways. Concurrently, homeostasis- and inflammatory-related microglia signature genes were downregulated. Moreover, we found a decrease in Iba1-positive microglia in the hippocampus that correlates with plaque aggregation and neuronal dysfunction. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that microglia play a protective role during the early stages of amyloid pathology by preventing plaque aggregation, supporting neuronal homeostasis, and overall preserving the oscillatory network's functionality. These results suggest that the early alteration of microglia dynamics could be a pivotal event in the progression of Alzheimer's disease, potentially triggering plaque deposition, impairment of fast-spiking interneurons, and the breakdown of the oscillatory circuitry in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusy Pizzirusso
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Efthalia Preka
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Julen Goikolea
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Celia Aguilar-Ruiz
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Patricia Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - Simona Laterza
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Maria Latorre-Leal
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Francesca Eroli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Klas Blomgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Pediatric Oncology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Per Nilsson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | | | - André Fisahn
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
| | - Luis Enrique Arroyo-García
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Daifu T, Umeda K, Yokoyama A, Yoshida T, Saida S, Kato I, Hiramatsu H, Kudo K, Higuchi Y, Takita J. Juvenile xanthogranuloma manifesting with LCH-associated neurodegenerative disease-like radiological findings. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31043. [PMID: 38679849 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Here, we describe two patients with juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) manifesting with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH)-associated neurodegenerative disease (ND)-like radiological findings. One patient showed typical radiological abnormalities at onset, which worsened with progressing central nervous system symptoms 7 years after LCH-oriented chemotherapy. Another showed spontaneous regression of clinical symptoms, with a transient radiological change 1 year after salvage chemotherapy for recurrence of JXG. These data regarding JXG-associated ND will facilitate future investigation of the disease, as well as development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoo Daifu
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsutsugu Umeda
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Saida
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Itaru Kato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Hiramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Higuchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Otsu Hospital, Otsu, Japan
| | - Junko Takita
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Yan M, Sun Z, Zhang S, Yang G, Jiang X, Wang G, Li R, Wang Q, Tian X. SOCS modulates JAK-STAT pathway as a novel target to mediate the occurrence of neuroinflammation: Molecular details and treatment options. Brain Res Bull 2024; 213:110988. [PMID: 38805766 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
SOCS (Suppressor of Cytokine Signalling) proteins are intracellular negative regulators that primarily modulate and inhibit cytokine-mediated signal transduction, playing a crucial role in immune homeostasis and related inflammatory diseases. SOCS act as inhibitors by regulating the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway, thereby intervening in the pathogenesis of inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Recent studies have also demonstrated their involvement in central immunity and neuroinflammation, showing a dual functionality. However, the specific mechanisms of SOCS in the central nervous system remain unclear. This review thoroughly elucidates the specific mechanisms linking the SOCS-JAK-STAT pathway with the inflammatory manifestations of neurodegenerative diseases. Based on this, it proposes the theory that SOCS proteins can regulate the JAK-STAT pathway and inhibit the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Additionally, this review explores in detail the current therapeutic landscape and potential of targeting SOCS in the brain via the JAK-STAT pathway for neuroinflammation, offering insights into potential targets for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yan
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China
| | - Xing Jiang
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China
| | - Guilong Wang
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China
| | - Ran Li
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China.
| | - Qinglu Wang
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China.
| | - Xuewen Tian
- College of Graduate Education, Shandong Sport University, Jinan 255300, China.
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Trambusti I, Pegoraro F, Gaspari S, Dell'Acqua F, Cellini M, Trizzino A, Tondo A, Perrone A, Coniglio ML, Guerrini R, Barba C, Sieni E. Neurodegeneration in patients with multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis treated with vemurafenib. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:2508-2511. [PMID: 38665038 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Trambusti
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesco Pegoraro
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefania Gaspari
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiola Dell'Acqua
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Monica Cellini
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Antonino Trizzino
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Department, ARNAS Ospedali Civico, G. Di Cristina, Palermo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Perrone
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Coniglio
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Carmen Barba
- Neuroscience Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Sieni
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Department, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy
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Bahabri A, Abla O. Advances in our understanding of genetic markers and targeted therapies for pediatric LCH. Expert Rev Hematol 2024; 17:223-231. [PMID: 38721670 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2024.2353772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare myeloid neoplasm, encompassing a diverse clinical spectrum ranging from localized bone or skin lesions to a multisystemic life-threatening condition. Over the past decade, there has been an expansion in understanding the molecular biology of LCH, which translated into innovative targeted therapeutic approaches. AREAS COVERED In this article, we will review the molecular alterations observed in pediatric LCH and the relationship between these molecular changes and the clinical phenotype, as well as targeted therapies in LCH. EXPERT OPINION Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway mutation is a hallmark of LCH and is identified in 80% of the cases. Notably, BRAFV600E mutation is seen in ~50-60% of the cases, ~30% has other MAPK pathway mutations, while 15-20% have no detected mutations. While the first line therapeutic approach is vinblastine and prednisone, targeted therapies - specifically BRAF/MEK inhibitors - emerged as a promising second-line salvage strategy, particularly when a mutation is identified. Most patients respond to BRAF/MEK inhibitors but at least 75% reactivate after stopping, however, most patients respond again when restarting inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aban Bahabri
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Laliberté C, Bossé B, Bourdeau V, Prieto LI, Perron-Deshaies G, Vuong-Robillard N, Igelmann S, Aguilar LC, Oeffinger M, Baker DJ, DesGroseillers L, Ferbeyre G. Senescent Macrophages Release Inflammatory Cytokines and RNA-Loaded Extracellular Vesicles to Circumvent Fibroblast Senescence. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1089. [PMID: 38791051 PMCID: PMC11118806 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12051089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells, which accumulate with age, exhibit a pro-inflammatory senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that includes the secretion of cytokines, lipids, and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we established an in vitro model of senescence induced by Raf-1 oncogene in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages (MΦ) and compared them to senescent MΦ found in mouse lung tumors or primary macrophages treated with hydrogen peroxide. The transcriptomic analysis of senescent MΦ revealed an important inflammatory signature regulated by NFkB. We observed an increased secretion of EVs in senescent MΦ, and these EVs presented an enrichment for ribosomal proteins, major vault protein, pro-inflammatory miRNAs, including miR-21a, miR-155, and miR-132, and several mRNAs. The secretion of senescent MΦ allowed senescent murine embryonic fibroblasts to restart cell proliferation. This antisenescence function of the macrophage secretome may explain their pro-tumorigenic activity and suggest that senolytic treatment to eliminate senescent MΦ could potentially prevent these deleterious effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Laliberté
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada (B.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Bianca Bossé
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada (B.B.); (V.B.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (G.P.-D.)
| | - Véronique Bourdeau
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada (B.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Luis I. Prieto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (L.I.P.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Genève Perron-Deshaies
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (G.P.-D.)
| | - Nhung Vuong-Robillard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (G.P.-D.)
| | - Sebastian Igelmann
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (G.P.-D.)
- Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism and Metabolic Regulation, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lisbeth Carolina Aguilar
- Institut de Recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada (M.O.)
| | - Marlene Oeffinger
- Institut de Recherches cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), 110 Avenue des Pins Ouest, Montréal, QC H2W 1R7, Canada (M.O.)
| | - Darren J. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; (L.I.P.); (D.J.B.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st ST SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Luc DesGroseillers
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada (B.B.); (V.B.)
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Département de Biochimie et Médecine Moléculaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada (B.B.); (V.B.)
- Centre de Recherche du Centre, Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada (G.P.-D.)
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Blériot C, Dunsmore G, Alonso-Curbelo D, Ginhoux F. A temporal perspective for tumor-associated macrophage identities and functions. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:747-758. [PMID: 38670090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a progressive disease that can develop and evolve over decades, with inflammation playing a central role at each of its stages, from tumor initiation to metastasis. In this context, macrophages represent well-established bridges reciprocally linking inflammation and cancer via an array of diverse functions that have spurred efforts to classify them into subtypes. Here, we discuss the intertwines between macrophages, inflammation, and cancer with an emphasis on temporal dynamics of macrophage diversity and functions in pre-malignancy and cancer. By instilling temporal dynamism into the more static classic view of tumor-associated macrophage biology, we propose a new framework to better contextualize their significance in the inflammatory processes that precede and result from the onset of cancer and shape its evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Blériot
- Gustave Roussy, INSERM, Villejuif, France; Institut Necker des Enfants Malades (INEM), INSERM, CNRS, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Direna Alonso-Curbelo
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Gustave Roussy, INSERM, Villejuif, France; Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS, Singapore, Singapore.
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8
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Toriseva M, Björkgren I, Junnila A, Mehmood A, Mattsson J, Raimoranta I, Kim B, Laiho A, Nees M, Elo L, Poutanen M, Breton S, Sipilä P. RUNX transcription factors are essential in maintaining epididymal epithelial differentiation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:183. [PMID: 38630262 PMCID: PMC11023966 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05211-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Apart from the androgen receptor, transcription factors (TFs) that are required for the development and formation of the different segments of the epididymis have remained unknown. We identified TF families expressed in the developing epididymides, of which many showed segment specificity. From these TFs, down-regulation of runt related transcription factors (RUNXs) 1 and 2 expression coincides with epithelial regression in Dicer1 cKO mice. Concomitant deletion of both Runx1 and Runx2 in a mouse epididymal epithelial cell line affected cell morphology, adhesion and mobility in vitro. Furthermore, lack of functional RUNXs severely disturbed the formation of 3D epididymal organoid-like structures. Transcriptomic analysis of the epididymal cell organoid-like structures indicated that RUNX1 and RUNX2 are involved in the regulation of MAPK signaling, NOTCH pathway activity, and EMT-related gene expression. This suggests that RUNXs are master regulators of several essential signaling pathways, and necessary for the maintenance of proper differentiation of the epididymal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mervi Toriseva
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Ida Björkgren
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arttu Junnila
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arfa Mehmood
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Jesse Mattsson
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Inka Raimoranta
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Bongki Kim
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Chungcheongnam-do, Yesan, 32439, Republic of Korea
| | - Asta Laiho
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matthias Nees
- Institute of Biomedicine, Cancer Research Unit and FICAN West Cancer Centre Laboratory, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Elo
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Matti Poutanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Sylvie Breton
- Program in Membrane Biology/Division of Nephrology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Simches Research Center, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Research Center-CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Petra Sipilä
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrative Physiology and Pharmacology, Turku Center for Disease Modeling, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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Zhao J, Andreev I, Silva HM. Resident tissue macrophages: Key coordinators of tissue homeostasis beyond immunity. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadd1967. [PMID: 38608039 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add1967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Resident tissue macrophages (RTMs) encompass a highly diverse set of cells abundantly present in every tissue and organ. RTMs are recognized as central players in innate immune responses, and more recently their importance beyond host defense has started to be highlighted. Despite sharing a universal name and several canonical markers, RTMs perform remarkably specialized activities tailored to sustain critical homeostatic functions of the organs they reside in. These cells can mediate neuronal communication, participate in metabolic pathways, and secrete growth factors. In this Review, we summarize how the division of labor among different RTM subsets helps support tissue homeostasis. We discuss how the local microenvironment influences the development of RTMs, the molecular processes they support, and how dysregulation of RTMs can lead to disease. Last, we highlight both the similarities and tissue-specific distinctions of key RTM subsets, aiming to coalesce recent classifications and perspectives into a unified view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhao
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Andreev
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hernandez Moura Silva
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Ragon Institute of Mass General, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
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10
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Kim W, Kim M, Kim B. Unraveling the enigma: housekeeping gene Ugt1a7c as a universal biomarker for microglia. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1364201. [PMID: 38666091 PMCID: PMC11043603 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1364201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia, brain resident macrophages, play multiple roles in maintaining homeostasis, including immunity, surveillance, and protecting the central nervous system through their distinct activation processes. Identifying all types of microglia-driven populations is crucial due to the presence of various phenotypes that differ based on developmental stages or activation states. During embryonic development, the E8.5 yolk sac contains erythromyeloid progenitors that go through different growth phases, eventually resulting in the formation of microglia. In addition, microglia are present in neurological diseases as a diverse population. So far, no individual biomarker for microglia has been discovered that can accurately identify and monitor their development and attributes. Summary Here, we highlight the newly defined biomarker of mouse microglia, UGT1A7C, which exhibits superior stability in expression during microglia development and activation compared to other known microglia biomarkers. The UGT1A7C sensing chemical probe labels all microglia in the 3xTG AD mouse model. The expression of Ugt1a7c is stable during development, with only a 4-fold variation, while other microglia biomarkers, such as Csf1r and Cx3cr1, exhibit at least a 10-fold difference. The UGT1A7C expression remains constant throughout its lifespan. In addition, the expression and activity of UGT1A7C are the same in response to different types of inflammatory activators' treatment in vitro. Conclusion We propose employing UGT1A7C as the representative biomarker for microglia, irrespective of their developmental state, age, or activation status. Using UGT1A7C can reduce the requirement for using multiple biomarkers, enhance the precision of microglia analysis, and even be utilized as a standard for gene/protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Beomsue Kim
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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11
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Jin M, Ma Z, Dang R, Zhang H, Kim R, Xue H, Pascual J, Finkbeiner S, Head E, Liu Y, Jiang P. A Trisomy 21-linked Hematopoietic Gene Variant in Microglia Confers Resilience in Human iPSC Models of Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584646. [PMID: 38559257 PMCID: PMC10979994 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
While challenging, identifying individuals displaying resilience to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and understanding the underlying mechanism holds great promise for the development of new therapeutic interventions to effectively treat AD. Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, is the most common genetic cause of AD. Interestingly, some people with DS, despite developing AD neuropathology, show resilience to cognitive decline. Furthermore, DS individuals are at an increased risk of myeloid leukemia due to somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells. Recent studies indicate that somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells may lead to resilience to neurodegeneration. Microglia, derived from hematopoietic lineages, play a central role in AD etiology. We therefore hypothesize that microglia carrying the somatic mutations associated with DS myeloid leukemia may impart resilience to AD. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, we introduce a trisomy 21-linked hotspot CSF2RB A455D mutation into human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) lines derived from both DS and healthy individuals. Employing hPSC-based in vitro microglia culture and in vivo human microglia chimeric mouse brain models, we show that in response to pathological tau, the CSF2RB A455D mutation suppresses microglial type-1 interferon signaling, independent of trisomy 21 genetic background. This mutation reduces neuroinflammation and enhances phagocytic and autophagic functions, thereby ameliorating senescent and dystrophic phenotypes in human microglia. Moreover, the CSF2RB A455D mutation promotes the development of a unique microglia subcluster with tissue repair properties. Importantly, human microglia carrying CSF2RB A455D provide protection to neuronal function, such as neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in chimeric mouse brains where human microglia largely repopulate the hippocampus. When co-transplanted into the same mouse brains, human microglia with CSF2RB A455D mutation phagocytize and replace human microglia carrying the wildtype CSF2RB gene following pathological tau treatment. Our findings suggest that hPSC-derived CSF2RB A455D microglia could be employed to develop effective microglial replacement therapy for AD and other age-related neurodegenerative diseases, even without the need to deplete endogenous diseased microglia prior to cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ziyuan Ma
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rui Dang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Haiwei Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Rachael Kim
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Jesse Pascual
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Ceter for Systems and Therapeutics and the Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease, Gladstone Institutes; University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elizabeth Head
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University New Brunswick, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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12
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Rao Y, Peng B. Allogenic microglia replacement: A novel therapeutic strategy for neurological disorders. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:237-245. [PMID: 38933508 PMCID: PMC11197774 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that play vital roles in CNS development, homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Genetic defects in microglia lead to microglial dysfunction, which in turn leads to neurological disorders. The correction of the specific genetic defects in microglia in these disorders can lead to therapeutic effects. Traditional genetic defect correction approaches are dependent on viral vector-based genetic defect corrections. However, the viruses used in these approaches, including adeno-associated viruses, lentiviruses and retroviruses, do not primarily target microglia; therefore, viral vector-based genetic defect corrections are ineffective in microglia. Microglia replacement is a novel approach to correct microglial genetic defects via replacing microglia of genetic defects with allogenic healthy microglia. In this paper, we systematically review the history, rationale and therapeutic perspectives of microglia replacement, which would be a novel strategy for treating CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Rao
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, MOE Innovative Center for New Drug Development of Immune Inflammatory Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
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13
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Maliar NL, Talbot EJ, Edwards AR, Khoronenkova SV. Microglial inflammation in genome instability: A neurodegenerative perspective. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 135:103634. [PMID: 38290197 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The maintenance of genome stability is crucial for cell homeostasis and tissue integrity. Numerous human neuropathologies display chronic inflammation in the central nervous system, set against a backdrop of genome instability, implying a close interplay between the DNA damage and immune responses in the context of neurological disease. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms of this crosstalk is essential for holistic understanding of neuroinflammatory pathways in genome instability disorders. Non-neuronal cell types, specifically microglia, are major drivers of neuroinflammation in the central nervous system with neuro-protective and -toxic capabilities. Here, we discuss how persistent DNA damage affects microglial homeostasis, zooming in on the cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS-STING pathway and the downstream inflammatory response, which can drive neurotoxic outcomes in the context of genome instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina L Maliar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Abigail R Edwards
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
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14
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Vicario R, Fragkogianni S, Weber L, Lazarov T, Hu Y, Hayashi SY, Craddock BP, Socci ND, Alberdi A, Baako A, Ay O, Ogishi M, Lopez-Rodrigo E, Kappagantula R, Viale A, Iacobuzio-Donahue CA, Zhou T, Ransohoff RM, Chesworth R, Bank NB, Abdel-Wahab O, Boisson B, Elemento O, Casanova JL, Miller WT, Geissmann F. A microglia clonal inflammatory disorder in Alzheimer's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.25.577216. [PMID: 38328106 PMCID: PMC10849735 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.25.577216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Somatic genetic heterogeneity resulting from post-zygotic DNA mutations is widespread in human tissues and can cause diseases, however few studies have investigated its role in neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Here we report the selective enrichment of microglia clones carrying pathogenic variants, that are not present in neuronal, glia/stromal cells, or blood, from patients with AD in comparison to age-matched controls. Notably, microglia-specific AD-associated variants preferentially target the MAPK pathway, including recurrent CBL ring-domain mutations. These variants activate ERK and drive a microglia transcriptional program characterized by a strong neuro-inflammatory response, both in vitro and in patients. Although the natural history of AD-associated microglial clones is difficult to establish in human, microglial expression of a MAPK pathway activating variant was previously shown to cause neurodegeneration in mice, suggesting that AD-associated neuroinflammatory microglial clones may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Vicario
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Stamatina Fragkogianni
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Leslie Weber
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Tomi Lazarov
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Yang Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Compxutational Biomedicine,Weill Cornell New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Samantha Y. Hayashi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661
| | - Barbara P. Craddock
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661
| | - Nicholas D. Socci
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Araitz Alberdi
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ann Baako
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Oyku Ay
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Masato Ogishi
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
| | - Estibaliz Lopez-Rodrigo
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rajya Kappagantula
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Agnes Viale
- Marie-Josée & Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christine A. Iacobuzio-Donahue
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- SKI Stem Cell Research Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | | | | | | | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology & Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Compxutational Biomedicine,Weill Cornell New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, 10065 NY, USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794-8661
| | - Frederic Geissmann
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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15
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Millet A, Ledo JH, Tavazoie SF. An exhausted-like microglial population accumulates in aged and APOE4 genotype Alzheimer's brains. Immunity 2024; 57:153-170.e6. [PMID: 38159571 PMCID: PMC10805152 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The dominant risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) are advanced age and the APOE4 genetic variant. To examine how these factors alter neuroimmune function, we generated an integrative, longitudinal single-cell atlas of brain immune cells in AD model mice bearing the three common human APOE alleles. Transcriptomic and chromatin accessibility analyses identified a reactive microglial population defined by the concomitant expression of inflammatory signals and cell-intrinsic stress markers whose frequency increased with age and APOE4 burden. An analogous population was detectable in the brains of human AD patients, including in the cortical tissue, using multiplexed spatial transcriptomics. This population, which we designate as terminally inflammatory microglia (TIM), exhibited defects in amyloid-β clearance and altered cell-cell communication during aducanumab treatment. TIM may represent an exhausted-like state for inflammatory microglia in the AD milieu that contributes to AD risk and pathology in APOE4 carriers and the elderly, thus presenting a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Millet
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jose Henrique Ledo
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, Department of Neuroscience, South Carolina Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
| | - Sohail F Tavazoie
- Laboratory of Systems Cancer Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA; Tri-Institutional Program in Computational Biology and Medicine, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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16
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Huang AY, Zhou Z, Talukdar M, Miller MB, Chhouk B, Enyenihi L, Rosen I, Stronge E, Zhao B, Kim D, Choi J, Khoshkhoo S, Kim J, Ganz J, Travaglini K, Gabitto M, Hodge R, Kaplan E, Lein E, De Jager PL, Bennett DA, Lee EA, Walsh CA. Somatic cancer driver mutations are enriched and associated with inflammatory states in Alzheimer's disease microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574078. [PMID: 38260600 PMCID: PMC10802273 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-associated neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive neuronal loss and pathological accumulation of the misfolded proteins amyloid-β and tau1,2. Neuroinflammation mediated by microglia and brain-resident macrophages plays a crucial role in AD pathogenesis1-5, though the mechanisms by which age, genes, and other risk factors interact remain largely unknown. Somatic mutations accumulate with age and lead to clonal expansion of many cell types, contributing to cancer and many non-cancer diseases6,7. Here we studied somatic mutation in normal aged and AD brains by three orthogonal methods and in three independent AD cohorts. Analysis of bulk RNA sequencing data from 866 samples from different brain regions revealed significantly higher (~two-fold) overall burdens of somatic single-nucleotide variants (sSNVs) in AD brains compared to age-matched controls. Molecular-barcoded deep (>1000X) gene panel sequencing of 311 prefrontal cortex samples showed enrichment of sSNVs and somatic insertions and deletions (sIndels) in cancer driver genes in AD brain compared to control, with recurrent, and often multiple, mutations in genes implicated in clonal hematopoiesis (CH)8,9. Pathogenic sSNVs were enriched in CSF1R+ microglia of AD brains, and the high proportion of microglia (up to 40%) carrying some sSNVs in cancer driver genes suggests mutation-driven microglial clonal expansion (MiCE). Analysis of single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) from temporal neocortex of 62 additional AD cases and controls exhibited nominally increased mosaic chromosomal alterations (mCAs) associated with CH10,11. Microglia carrying mCA showed upregulated pro-inflammatory genes, resembling the transcriptomic features of disease-associated microglia (DAM) in AD. Our results suggest that somatic driver mutations in microglia are common with normal aging but further enriched in AD brain, driving MiCE with inflammatory and DAM signatures. Our findings provide the first insights into microglial clonal dynamics in AD and identify potential new approaches to AD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- August Yue Huang
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Zinan Zhou
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Maya Talukdar
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD/PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael B. Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Chhouk
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Liz Enyenihi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD/PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ila Rosen
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Stronge
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT MD/PhD Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boxun Zhao
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dachan Kim
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaejoon Choi
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sattar Khoshkhoo
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Junho Kim
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Javier Ganz
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eitan Kaplan
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ed Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical College, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A. Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics and Manton Center for Orphan Diseases, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA USA
- Departments of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Makdissi N. Macrophage Development and Function. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2713:1-9. [PMID: 37639112 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3437-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages were first described over a hundred years ago. Throughout the years, they were shown to be essential players in their tissue-specific environment, performing various functions during homeostatic and disease conditions. Recent reports shed more light on their ontogeny as long-lived, self-maintained cells with embryonic origin in most tissues. They populate the different tissues early during development, where they help to establish and maintain homeostasis. In this chapter, the history of macrophages is discussed. Furthermore, macrophage ontogeny and core functions in the different tissues are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Makdissi
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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18
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Mentis AFA, Papavassiliou KA, Piperi C, Papavassiliou AG. How can cancer research be illuminated by brain research (and vice versa)? Int J Cancer 2023; 153:1967-1970. [PMID: 37534858 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer and brain research have historically followed concrete pathways and converged mostly to studying brain cancer. Nowadays, the fields of neuro-oncology and neuroendocrine regulation of tumorigenesis are both emerging fields of intense research and promising applications. An increasing body of evidence suggests that somatic mutations in cancer-related genes are prevalent in several noncancerous brain disorders. These findings highlighting that certain aspects of cancer development/progression and pathologies of the nervous system share molecular alterations, could assist in elucidating the unique hallmarks of cancer and in cancer drugs repurposing for brain disorders. In so doing, identifying the commonalities in these conditions could be crucial not only for better understanding the basis of these pathologies but also for considering the previously underappreciated and/or neglected possibility of using drugs known to be effective in one type of pathology for the other type.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kostas A Papavassiliou
- First University Department of Respiratory Medicine, 'Sotiria' Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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19
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Coufal NG, Hermiston ML. A maelstrom of migrating monocytes drives neurodegeneration. Immunity 2023; 56:2677-2678. [PMID: 38091948 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is a devastating complication of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), but it is not clear how it develops. In this issue of Immunity, Wilk et al. demonstrate that circulating BRAFV600E+ myeloid cells damage the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate the brain. Dual inhibition of the MAPK and senescence pathways can block parenchymal injury, providing a potential therapeutic avenue for histiocytic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L Hermiston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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20
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Wilk CM, Cathomas F, Török O, Le Berichel J, Park MD, Bigenwald C, Heaton GR, Hamon P, Troncoso L, Scull BP, Dangoor D, Silvin A, Fleischmann R, Belabed M, Lin H, Merad Taouli E, Boettcher S, Li L, Aubry A, Manz MG, Kofler JK, Yue Z, Lira SA, Ginhoux F, Crary JF, McClain KL, Picarsic JL, Russo SJ, Allen CE, Merad M. Circulating senescent myeloid cells infiltrate the brain and cause neurodegeneration in histiocytic disorders. Immunity 2023; 56:2790-2802.e6. [PMID: 38091952 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by progressive loss of neuronal function. Mechanisms of ND pathogenesis are incompletely understood, hampering the development of effective therapies. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory neoplastic disorder caused by hematopoietic progenitors expressing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activating mutations that differentiate into senescent myeloid cells that drive lesion formation. Some individuals with LCH subsequently develop progressive and incurable neurodegeneration (LCH-ND). Here, we showed that LCH-ND was caused by myeloid cells that were clonal with peripheral LCH cells. Circulating BRAFV600E+ myeloid cells caused the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enhancing migration into the brain parenchyma where they differentiated into senescent, inflammatory CD11a+ macrophages that accumulated in the brainstem and cerebellum. Blocking MAPK activity and senescence programs reduced peripheral inflammation, brain parenchymal infiltration, neuroinflammation, neuronal damage and improved neurological outcome in preclinical LCH-ND. MAPK activation and senescence programs in circulating myeloid cells represent targetable mechanisms of LCH-ND.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Matthias Wilk
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Flurin Cathomas
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Brain & Body Research Center, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Orsolya Török
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Medical School, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Jessica Le Berichel
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D Park
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Camille Bigenwald
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - George R Heaton
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Pauline Hamon
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leanna Troncoso
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brooks P Scull
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Diana Dangoor
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Artificial Intelligence, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aymeric Silvin
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - Ryan Fleischmann
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meriem Belabed
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard Lin
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elias Merad Taouli
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Steffen Boettcher
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Long Li
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Brain & Body Research Center, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonio Aubry
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Brain & Body Research Center, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Markus G Manz
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University of Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia K Kofler
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sergio A Lira
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1015, Equipe Labellisée-Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Villejuif, France
| | - John F Crary
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Artificial Intelligence, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Neuropathology Brain Bank and Research CoRE, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Ronald M. Loeb Center for Alzheimer's Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth L McClain
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Picarsic
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Scott J Russo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Brain & Body Research Center, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl E Allen
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Miriam Merad
- Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Oncology Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Wilk CM, Cathomas F, Török O, Le Berichel J, Park MD, Heaton GR, Hamon P, Troncoso L, Scull BP, Dangoor D, Silvin A, Fleischmann R, Belabed M, Lin H, Taouli EM, Boettcher S, Manz MG, Kofler JK, Yue Z, Lira SA, Ginhoux F, Crary JF, McClain KL, Picarsic JL, Russo SJ, Allen CE, Merad M. Circulating senescent myeloid cells drive blood brain barrier breakdown and neurodegeneration. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.10.561744. [PMID: 37873371 PMCID: PMC10592746 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.10.561744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) are characterized by progressive loss of neuronal function. Mechanisms of ND pathogenesis are incompletely understood, hampering the development of effective therapies. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory neoplastic disorder caused by hematopoietic progenitors expressing MAPK activating mutations that differentiate into senescent myeloid cells that drive lesion formation. Some patients with LCH subsequently develop progressive and incurable neurodegeneration (LCH-ND). Here, we show that LCH-ND is caused by myeloid cells that are clonal with peripheral LCH cells. We discovered that circulating BRAF V600E + myeloid cells cause the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enhancing migration into the brain parenchyma where they differentiate into senescent, inflammatory CD11a + macrophages that accumulate in the brainstem and cerebellum. Blocking MAPK activity and senescence programs reduced parenchymal infiltration, neuroinflammation, neuronal damage and improved neurological outcome in preclinical LCH-ND. MAPK activation and senescence programs in circulating myeloid cells represent novel and targetable mechanisms of ND.
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22
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Razanamahery J, Godot A, Leguy-Seguin V, Samson M, Audia S, Bonnotte B. Impact of BRAFV600E mutation on aggressiveness and outcomes in adult clonal histiocytosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1260193. [PMID: 37809108 PMCID: PMC10556468 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1260193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Histiocytoses encompass a wide spectrum of diseases, all characterized by tissue infiltration by CD68+ histiocytes. Most adult histiocytoses are considered clonal diseases because they highlight recurrent somatic mutations in the MAP-kinase pathway gene, primarily BRAF. The presence of BRAF mutation is associated with widespread disease in children with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) or cardiovascular/neurological involvement in Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD). Nevertheless, few data are available on adult clonal histiocytosis. This is why we have conducted a retrospective study of all patients with clonal histiocytosis in our institution and present the data according to the presence of BRAF mutation. Among 27 adult patients (10 ECD, 10 LCH, 5 Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), and 3 mixed ECD/LCH), 11 (39%) have BRAF mutation with gain of function (n = 9) and deletion (n = 2). Those patients had frequent multicentric disease with risk organ involvement, especially the brain and cardiovascular system. They had frequent associated myeloid neoplasms (mostly chronic myelomonocytic leukemia) and received more frequently targeted therapy as the front-line therapy. Nevertheless, its presence did not affect the overall survival or relapse-free survival probably due to the emergence of efficient therapies. To conclude, rapid and accurate molecular establishment in adult clonal histiocytoses is crucial because BRAFV600E mutation correlates with multicentric disease with organ involvement and incomplete metabolic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Razanamahery
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Amelie Godot
- Department of Internal Medicine, Besancon University Hospital, Besancon, France
| | - Vanessa Leguy-Seguin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - M. Samson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Sylvain Audia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Bonnotte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
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23
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Calvanese V, Mikkola HKA. The genesis of human hematopoietic stem cells. Blood 2023; 142:519-532. [PMID: 37339578 PMCID: PMC10447622 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental hematopoiesis consists of multiple, partially overlapping hematopoietic waves that generate the differentiated blood cells required for embryonic development while establishing a pool of undifferentiated hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for postnatal life. This multilayered design in which active hematopoiesis migrates through diverse extra and intraembryonic tissues has made it difficult to define a roadmap for generating HSCs vs non-self-renewing progenitors, especially in humans. Recent single-cell studies have helped in identifying the rare human HSCs at stages when functional assays are unsuitable for distinguishing them from progenitors. This approach has made it possible to track the origin of human HSCs to the unique type of arterial endothelium in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region and document novel benchmarks for HSC migration and maturation in the conceptus. These studies have delivered new insights into the intricate process of HSC generation and provided tools to inform the in vitro efforts to replicate the physiological developmental journey from pluripotent stem cells via distinct mesodermal and endothelial intermediates to HSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calvanese
- Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Hanna K. A. Mikkola
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
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24
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Ye Q, Srivastava P, Al-Kuwari N, Chen X. Oncogenic BRAFV600E induces microglial proliferation through extracellular signal-regulated kinase and neuronal death through c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1613-1622. [PMID: 36571370 PMCID: PMC10075110 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.361516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating V600E in v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) is a common driver mutation in cancers of multiple tissue origins, including melanoma and glioma. BRAFV600E has also been implicated in neurodegeneration. The present study aims to characterize BRAFV600E during cell death and proliferation of three major cell types of the central nervous system: neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Multiple primary cultures (primary cortical mixed culture) and cell lines of glial cells (BV2) and neurons (SH-SY5Y) were employed. BRAFV600E and BRAFWT expression was mediated by lentivirus or retrovirus. Blockage of downstream effectors (extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and JNK1/2) were achieved by siRNA. In astrocytes and microglia, BRAFV600E induces cell proliferation, and the proliferative effect in microglia is mediated by activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, but not c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Conditioned medium from BRAFV600E-expressing microglia induced neuronal death. In neuronal cells, BRAFV600E directly induces neuronal death, through c-Jun N-terminal kinase but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase. We further show that BRAF-related genes are enriched in pathways in patients with Parkinson's disease. Our study identifies distinct consequences mediated by distinct downstream effectors in dividing glial cells and in neurons following the same BRAF mutational activation and a causal link between BRAF-activated microglia and neuronal cell death that does not require physical proximity. It provides insight into a possibly important role of BRAF in neurodegeneration as a result of either dysregulated BRAF in neurons or its impact on glial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pranay Srivastava
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Nasser Al-Kuwari
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Xiqun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
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25
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Yue W, Deng X, Wang Z, Jiang M, Hu R, Duan Y, Wang Q, Cui J, Fang Y. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway suppresses immune overactivation and mitigates TDP-43 toxicity in a Drosophila model of ALS. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:27. [PMID: 37340309 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00354-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
TDP-43 is an important DNA/RNA-binding protein that is associated with age-related neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD); however, its pathomechanism is not fully understood. In a transgenic RNAi screen using Drosophila as a model, we uncovered that knockdown (KD) of Dsor1 (the Drosophila MAPK kinase dMEK) suppressed TDP-43 toxicity without altering TDP-43 phosphorylation or protein levels. Further investigation revealed that the Dsor1 downstream gene rl (dERK) was abnormally upregulated in TDP-43 flies, and neuronal overexpression of dERK induced profound upregulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). We also detected a robust immune overactivation in TDP-43 flies, which could be suppressed by downregulation of the MEK/ERK pathway in TDP-43 fly neurons. Furthermore, neuronal KD of abnormally increased AMPs improved the motor function of TDP-43 flies. On the other hand, neuronal KD of Dnr1, a negative regulator of the Drosophila immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, activated the innate immunity and boosted AMP expression independent of the regulation by the MEK/ERK pathway, which diminished the mitigating effect of RNAi-dMEK on TDP-43 toxicity. Finally, we showed that an FDA-approved MEK inhibitor trametinib markedly suppressed immune overactivation, alleviated motor deficits and prolonged the lifespan of TDP-43 flies, but did not exhibit a lifespan-extending effect in Alzheimer disease (AD) or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) fly models. Together, our findings suggest an important role of abnormal elevation of the MEK/ERK signaling and innate immunity in TDP-43 pathogenesis and propose trametinib as a potential therapeutic agent for ALS and other TDP-43-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkai Yue
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xue Deng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Mingsheng Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rirong Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongjia Duan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qiangqiang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jihong Cui
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yanshan Fang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center On Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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26
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Cecerska-Heryć E, Pękała M, Serwin N, Gliźniewicz M, Grygorcewicz B, Michalczyk A, Heryć R, Budkowska M, Dołęgowska B. The Use of Stem Cells as a Potential Treatment Method for Selected Neurodegenerative Diseases: Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023:10.1007/s10571-023-01344-6. [PMID: 37027074 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have been the subject of research for years due to their enormous therapeutic potential. Most neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD) are incurable or very difficult to treat. Therefore new therapies are sought in which autologous stem cells are used. They are often the patient's only hope for recovery or slowing down the progress of the disease symptoms. The most important conclusions arise after analyzing the literature on the use of stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases. The effectiveness of MSC cell therapy has been confirmed in ALS and HD therapy. MSC cells slow down ALS progression and show early promising signs of efficacy. In HD, they reduced huntingtin (Htt) aggregation and stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis. MS therapy with hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) inducted significant recalibration of pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory components of the immune system. iPSC cells allow for accurate PD modeling. They are patient-specific and therefore minimize the risk of immune rejection and, in long-term observation, did not form any tumors in the brain. Extracellular vesicles derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSC-EVs) and Human adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (hASCs) cells are widely used to treat AD. Due to the reduction of Aβ42 deposits and increasing the survival of neurons, they improve memory and learning abilities. Despite many animal models and clinical trial studies, cell therapy still needs to be refined to increase its effectiveness in the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Cecerska-Heryć
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Maja Pękała
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Natalia Serwin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Gliźniewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Michalczyk
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Broniewskiego 26, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Rafał Heryć
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Budkowska
- Department of Medical Analytics, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Barbara Dołęgowska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, PowstancowWielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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27
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Burtsev EA, Bronin GO. Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in Children: Literature Review. CURRENT PEDIATRICS 2023. [DOI: 10.15690/vsp.v22i1.2520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Relevant information on Langerhans cell histiocytosis development and course in children is presented. The current concepts of disease pathogenesis, principles of its severity evaluation, patients stratification into risk groups, as well as of clinical course features are described. Modern approaches to the disease treatment via targeted therapy are summarized and analyzed.
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28
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Shi JJ, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Zhou L, Pan G. Langerhans cell histiocytosis misdiagnosed as thyroid malignancy: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:1152-1157. [PMID: 36874420 PMCID: PMC9979281 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i5.1152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is low, and involvement of the thyroid is even rarer, which results in high missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis rates.
CASE SUMMARY We report a young woman with a thyroid nodule. Thyroid malignancy was suggested by fine needle aspiration, but she was eventually diagnosed with multisystem LCH, thus avoiding thyroidectomy.
CONCLUSION The clinical manifestations of LCH involving the thyroid are atypical, and the diagnosis depends on pathology. Surgery is the main method for treating primary thyroid LCH, while chemotherapy is the main treatment method for multisystem LCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Shi
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - You Peng
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Gang Pan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
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29
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Schwarz K, Schmitz F. Synapse Dysfunctions in Multiple Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021639. [PMID: 36675155 PMCID: PMC9862173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) affecting nearly three million humans worldwide. In MS, cells of an auto-reactive immune system invade the brain and cause neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation triggers a complex, multi-faceted harmful process not only in the white matter but also in the grey matter of the brain. In the grey matter, neuroinflammation causes synapse dysfunctions. Synapse dysfunctions in MS occur early and independent from white matter demyelination and are likely correlates of cognitive and mental symptoms in MS. Disturbed synapse/glia interactions and elevated neuroinflammatory signals play a central role. Glutamatergic excitotoxic synapse damage emerges as a major mechanism. We review synapse/glia communication under normal conditions and summarize how this communication becomes malfunctional during neuroinflammation in MS. We discuss mechanisms of how disturbed glia/synapse communication can lead to synapse dysfunctions, signaling dysbalance, and neurodegeneration in MS.
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30
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Wang S, Sudan R, Peng V, Zhou Y, Du S, Yuede CM, Lei T, Hou J, Cai Z, Cella M, Nguyen K, Poliani PL, Beatty WL, Chen Y, Cao S, Lin K, Rodrigues C, Ellebedy AH, Gilfillan S, Brown GD, Holtzman DM, Brioschi S, Colonna M. TREM2 drives microglia response to amyloid-β via SYK-dependent and -independent pathways. Cell 2022; 185:4153-4169.e19. [PMID: 36306735 PMCID: PMC9625082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies have highlighted microglia as pivotal in orchestrating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia that adhere to Aβ plaques acquire a transcriptional signature, "disease-associated microglia" (DAM), which largely emanates from the TREM2-DAP12 receptor complex that transmits intracellular signals through the protein tyrosine kinase SYK. The human TREM2R47H variant associated with high AD risk fails to activate microglia via SYK. We found that SYK-deficient microglia cannot encase Aβ plaques, accelerating brain pathology and behavioral deficits. SYK deficiency impaired the PI3K-AKT-GSK-3β-mTOR pathway, incapacitating anabolic support required for attaining the DAM profile. However, SYK-deficient microglia proliferated and advanced to an Apoe-expressing prodromal stage of DAM; this pathway relied on the adapter DAP10, which also binds TREM2. Thus, microglial responses to Aβ involve non-redundant SYK- and DAP10-pathways. Systemic administration of an antibody against CLEC7A, a receptor that directly activates SYK, rescued microglia activation in mice expressing the TREM2R47H allele, unveiling new options for AD immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoutang Wang
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raki Sudan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vincent Peng
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yingyue Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Siling Du
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Tingting Lei
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jinchao Hou
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Khai Nguyen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Pietro L Poliani
- Pathology Unit, Molecular and Translational Medicine Department, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Wandy L Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Siyan Cao
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kent Lin
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cecilia Rodrigues
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ali H Ellebedy
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan Gilfillan
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Gordon D Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, Devon EX4 4QD, UK
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Simone Brioschi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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31
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Lee WJ, Lee HS, Kim DY, Lee HS, Moon J, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K, Lee ST. Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis: clinical characteristics and factors associated with outcomes. Brain 2022; 145:3509-3521. [PMID: 35512357 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis is autoimmune encephalitis without any identifiable pathogenic antibody. Although it is a major subtype of autoimmune encephalitis, many unmet clinical needs exist in terms of clinical characteristics, treatments and prognosis. In this institutional cohort study, patients diagnosed with seronegative autoimmune encephalitis with available 2-year outcomes were analysed for the disease course, 2-year outcome prediction system, effect of immunotherapy, necessity of further immunotherapy at 6 or 12 months and pattern of brain atrophy. Seronegative autoimmune encephalitis was subcategorized into antibody-negative probable autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune limbic encephalitis and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Poor 2-year outcome was defined by modified Rankin scale scores 3-6, and the 2-year serial data of Clinical Assessment Scales in Autoimmune Encephalitis score was used for longitudinal data analyses. A total of 147 patients were included. The frequency of achieving a good 2-year outcome (modified Rankin scale 0-2) was 56.5%. The antibody-negative probable autoimmune encephalitis subtype exhibited the poorest outcomes, although the baseline severity was similar among the subtypes. The RAPID score, consisting of five early usable clinical factors, refractory status epilepticus, age of onset ≥60 years, probable autoimmune encephalitis (antibody-negative probable autoimmune encephalitis subtype), infratentorial involvement and delay of immunotherapy ≥1 month, was associated with poorer 2-year outcomes. Any immunotherapy was associated with clinical improvement in the patients with low risk for poor 2-year outcomes (RAPID scores 0-1), and the combination immunotherapy of steroid, immunoglobulin, rituximab and tocilizumab was associated with better outcomes in the patients with high risk for poor 2-year outcomes (RAPID scores 2-5). In patients with persistent disease at 6 months, continuing immunotherapy was associated with more improvement, while the effect of continuing immunotherapy for more than 12 months was unclear. In the longitudinal analysis of MRI, the development of cerebellar atrophy indicated poor outcomes, while the absence of diffuse cerebral atrophy or medial temporal atrophy indicated the possibility of a good outcome. This study provides information about the clinical characteristics and courses, the effect of immunotherapy and its duration, and prognostic factors in seronegative autoimmune encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Jin Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si 13620, South Korea
| | - Han-Sang Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.,Department of Hospital Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Do-Yong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Hye-Sung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Jangsup Moon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.,Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Il Park
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06236, South Korea
| | - Sang Kun Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Kon Chu
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
| | - Soon-Tae Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, South Korea
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32
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Tu J, Yu S, Li J, Ren M, Zhang Y, Luo J, Sun K, Lv Y, Han Y, Huang Y, Ren X, Jiang T, Tang Z, Williams MTS, Lu Q, Liu M. Dhx38 is required for the maintenance and differentiation of erythro-myeloid progenitors and hematopoietic stem cells by alternative splicing. Development 2022; 149:276218. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.200450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Mutations that occur in RNA-splicing machinery may contribute to hematopoiesis-related diseases. How splicing factor mutations perturb hematopoiesis, especially in the differentiation of erythro-myeloid progenitors (EMPs), remains elusive. Dhx38 is a pre-mRNA splicing-related DEAH box RNA helicase, for which the physiological functions and splicing mechanisms during hematopoiesis currently remain unclear. Here, we report that Dhx38 exerts a broad effect on definitive EMPs as well as the differentiation and maintenance of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). In dhx38 knockout zebrafish, EMPs and HSPCs were found to be arrested in mitotic prometaphase, accompanied by a ‘grape’ karyotype, owing to the defects in chromosome alignment. Abnormal alternatively spliced genes related to chromosome segregation, the microtubule cytoskeleton, cell cycle kinases and DNA damage were present in the dhx38 mutants. Subsequently, EMPs and HSPCs in dhx38 mutants underwent P53-dependent apoptosis. This study provides novel insights into alternative splicing regulated by Dhx38, a process that plays a crucial role in the proliferation and differentiation of fetal EMPs and HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Tu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- Institute of Visual Neuroscience and Stem Cell Engineering, College of Life Sciences and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology 2 , Wuhan, Hubei 430065 , P.R. China
| | - Jingzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Yangjun Zhang
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 3 , Wuhan 430030 , P.R. China
| | - Jiong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Kui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Yuexia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Yunqiao Han
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Yuwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Zhaohui Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Mark Thomas Shaw Williams
- Charles Oakley Laboratories 4 , Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , , Glasgow G4 0BA , UK
- Glasgow Caledonian University 4 , Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences , , Glasgow G4 0BA , UK
| | - Qunwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
| | - Mugen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology 1 , Wuhan 430074 , P.R. China
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33
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Razanamahery J, Abdallahoui M, Chabridon G, Fromont A, Tarris G, Idbaih A, Comby PO, Godard F, Haroche J, Audia S, Bonnotte B. Dramatic Efficacy of Interferon and Vemurafenib on Psychiatric Symptoms Revealing BRAFV600E -Mutated Erdheim-Chester Disease: A Case Report. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918613. [PMID: 35874752 PMCID: PMC9299438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare condition with underestimated neurological involvement. Mild psychiatric symptoms such as mood swings have been rarely described in the clinical spectrum of neuro-ECD. We here describe the first patient with psychiatric manifestations of delirium revealing ECD with neurological involvement with favorable evolution under interferon followed by BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. An 81-year-old woman was referred to the hospital because of delirium and severe cognitive impairment associated with a cerebellar syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed “FLAIR-changes” lesions in the pons and upper cerebellum peduncles. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses showed normal results except for an elevated neopterin level in the CSF. Whole-body CT scan (18FDG-PET) showed peri-nephric fat infiltration and aorta adventitia sheathing with radiotracer uptake in the pons, vessels, peri-nephric fat, and bone lesions, which was characteristic of ECD. The diagnosis was confirmed on perirenal tissue biopsy, which also showed a BRAFV600E mutation. Treatment with interferon resulted in the resolution of delirium, and treatment with BRAF inhibitor subsequently resulted in a partial remission of all active sites. This case highlights that delirium can be the first manifestation of neurodegenerative ECD. ECD should be screened in unexplained psychiatric features as interferon and targeted therapy appear to be effective in this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Razanamahery
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Maroua Abdallahoui
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | | | - Agnès Fromont
- Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Georges Tarris
- Department of Pathology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Sorbonne Université, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute - ICM, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Universitaire La Pitié Salpêtrière, DMU Neurosciences, Paris, France
| | | | - Francois Godard
- Nuclear Medicine Department, Centre Georges Francois Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Haroche
- Department of Internal Medicine 2, National Reference Center for Histiocytosis, Pitié-Salpétrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Audia
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Bonnotte
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
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34
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Bakopoulos D, Whisstock JC, Warr CG, Johnson TK. Macrophage self‐renewal is regulated by transient expression of
PDGF‐ and VEGF‐related factor 2. FEBS J 2022; 289:3735-3751. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.16364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Bakopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - James C. Whisstock
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
| | - Coral G. Warr
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
- School of Molecular Sciences La Trobe University Bundoora Vic. Australia
| | - Travis K. Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University Clayton Vic. Australia
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35
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Genetic mosaicism in the human brain: from lineage tracing to neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2022; 23:275-286. [PMID: 35322263 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mosaicism is the result of the accumulation of somatic mutations in the human genome starting from the first postzygotic cell generation and continuing throughout the whole life of an individual. The rapid development of next-generation and single-cell sequencing technologies is now allowing the study of genetic mosaicism in normal tissues, revealing unprecedented insights into their clonal architecture and physiology. The somatic variant repertoire of an adult human neuron is the result of somatic mutations that accumulate in the brain by different mechanisms and at different rates during development and ageing. Non-pathogenic developmental mutations function as natural barcodes that once identified in deep bulk or single-cell sequencing can be used to retrospectively reconstruct human lineages. This approach has revealed novel insights into the clonal structure of the human brain, which is a mosaic of clones traceable to the early embryo that contribute differentially to the brain and distinct areas of the cortex. Some of the mutations happening during development, however, have a pathogenic effect and can contribute to some epileptic malformations of cortical development and autism spectrum disorder. In this Review, we discuss recent findings in the context of genetic mosaicism and their implications for brain development and disease.
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36
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One Size Does Not Fit All: Heterogeneity in Developmental Hematopoiesis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061061. [PMID: 35326511 PMCID: PMC8947200 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the complexity of the developing hematopoietic system has dramatically expanded over the course of the last few decades. We now know that, while hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) firmly reside at the top of the adult hematopoietic hierarchy, multiple HSC-independent progenitor populations play variegated and fundamental roles during fetal life, which reflect on adult physiology and can lead to disease if subject to perturbations. The importance of obtaining a high-resolution picture of the mechanisms by which the developing embryo establishes a functional hematopoietic system is demonstrated by many recent indications showing that ontogeny is a primary determinant of function of multiple critical cell types. This review will specifically focus on exploring the diversity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells unique to embryonic and fetal life. We will initially examine the evidence demonstrating heterogeneity within the hemogenic endothelium, precursor to all definitive hematopoietic cells. Next, we will summarize the dynamics and characteristics of the so-called "hematopoietic waves" taking place during vertebrate development. For each of these waves, we will define the cellular identities of their components, the extent and relevance of their respective contributions as well as potential drivers of heterogeneity.
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37
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Bourseguin J, Cheng W, Talbot E, Hardy L, Lai J, Jeffries A, Lodato MA, Lee EA, Khoronenkova S. Persistent DNA damage associated with ATM kinase deficiency promotes microglial dysfunction. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:2700-2718. [PMID: 35212385 PMCID: PMC8934660 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The autosomal recessive genome instability disorder Ataxia-telangiectasia, caused by mutations in ATM kinase, is characterized by the progressive loss of cerebellar neurons. We find that DNA damage associated with ATM loss results in dysfunctional behaviour of human microglia, immune cells of the central nervous system. Microglial dysfunction is mediated by the pro-inflammatory RELB/p52 non-canonical NF-κB transcriptional pathway and leads to excessive phagocytic clearance of neuronal material. Activation of the RELB/p52 pathway in ATM-deficient microglia is driven by persistent DNA damage and is dependent on the NIK kinase. Activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling is also observed in cerebellar microglia of individuals with Ataxia-telangiectasia. These results provide insights into the underlying mechanisms of aberrant microglial behaviour in ATM deficiency, potentially contributing to neurodegeneration in Ataxia-telangiectasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bourseguin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Emily Talbot
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Liana Hardy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
| | - Jenny Lai
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ailsa M Jeffries
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael A Lodato
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eunjung Alice Lee
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Svetlana V Khoronenkova
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court road, CambridgeCB2 1GA, UK
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38
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Dodiya HB, Lutz HL, Weigle IQ, Patel P, Michalkiewicz J, Roman-Santiago CJ, Zhang CM, Liang Y, Srinath A, Zhang X, Xia J, Olszewski M, Zhang X, Schipma MJ, Chang EB, Tanzi RE, Gilbert JA, Sisodia SS. Gut microbiota-driven brain Aβ amyloidosis in mice requires microglia. J Exp Med 2022; 219:e20200895. [PMID: 34854884 PMCID: PMC8647415 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that lifelong antibiotic (ABX) perturbations of the gut microbiome in male APPPS1-21 mice lead to reductions in amyloid β (Aβ) plaque pathology and altered phenotypes of plaque-associated microglia. Here, we show that a short, 7-d treatment of preweaned male mice with high-dose ABX is associated with reductions of Aβ amyloidosis, plaque-localized microglia morphologies, and Aβ-associated degenerative changes at 9 wk of age in male mice only. More importantly, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from transgenic (Tg) or WT male donors into ABX-treated male mice completely restored Aβ amyloidosis, plaque-localized microglia morphologies, and Aβ-associated degenerative changes. Transcriptomic studies revealed significant differences between vehicle versus ABX-treated male mice and FMT from Tg mice into ABX-treated mice largely restored the transcriptome profiles to that of the Tg donor animals. Finally, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) inhibitor-mediated depletion of microglia in ABX-treated male mice failed to reduce cerebral Aβ amyloidosis. Thus, microglia play a critical role in driving gut microbiome-mediated alterations of cerebral Aβ deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemraj B. Dodiya
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Holly L. Lutz
- Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Ian Q. Weigle
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Priyam Patel
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | - Yingxia Liang
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Abhinav Srinath
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xulun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jessica Xia
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Monica Olszewski
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Xiaoqiong Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Eugene B. Chang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Jack A. Gilbert
- Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA
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39
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Vaiani E, Felizzia G, Lubieniecki F, Braier J, Belgorosky A. Paediatric Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Disease: Long-Term Sequelae in the Hypothalamic Endocrine System. Horm Res Paediatr 2021; 94:9-17. [PMID: 34167121 DOI: 10.1159/000517040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder of the mononuclear phagocyte system that can affect almost any organ and system. The most common central nervous system (CNS) manifestation in LCH is the infiltration of the hypothalamic-pituitary region leading to destruction and neurodegeneration of CNS tissue. The latter causes the most frequent endocrinological manifestation, that is, central diabetes insipidus (CDI), and less often anterior pituitary hormone deficiency (APD). The reported incidence of CDI is estimated between 11.5 and 24% and is considered a risk factor for neurodegenerative disease and APD. Three risk factors for development of CDI are recognized in the majority of the studies: (1) multisystem disease, (2) the occurrence of reactivations or active disease for a prolonged period, and (3) the presence of craniofacial bone lesions. Since CDI may occur as the first manifestation of LCH, differential diagnosis of malignant diseases like germ cell tumours must be made. APD is almost always associated with CDI and can appear several years after the diagnosis of CDI. Growth hormone is the most commonly affected anterior pituitary hormone. Despite significant advances in the knowledge of LCH in recent years, little progress has been made in preventing long-term sequelae such as those affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Vaiani
- Endocrine Department, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guido Felizzia
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Lubieniecki
- Pathology Department, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Braier
- Hemato-Oncology Department, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alicia Belgorosky
- Endocrine Department, Hospital de Pediatría J.P. Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Endocrine Department, Research Council of Argentina, Unidad de Investigación Garrahan - CONICET, Hospital de Pediatría Garrahan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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40
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Atkins MH, Scarfò R, McGrath KE, Yang D, Palis J, Ditadi A, Keller GM. Modeling human yolk sac hematopoiesis with pluripotent stem cells. J Exp Med 2021; 219:212927. [PMID: 34928315 PMCID: PMC8693237 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20211924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mouse, the first hematopoietic cells are generated in the yolk sac from the primitive, erythro-myeloid progenitor (EMP) and lymphoid programs that are specified before the emergence of hematopoietic stem cells. While many of the yolk sac-derived populations are transient, specific immune cell progeny seed developing tissues, where they function into adult life. To access the human equivalent of these lineages, we modeled yolk sac hematopoietic development using pluripotent stem cell differentiation. Here, we show that the combination of Activin A, BMP4, and FGF2 induces a population of KDR+CD235a/b+ mesoderm that gives rise to the spectrum of erythroid, myeloid, and T lymphoid lineages characteristic of the mouse yolk sac hematopoietic programs, including the Vδ2+ subset of γ/δ T cells that develops early in the human embryo. Through clonal analyses, we identified a multipotent hematopoietic progenitor with erythroid, myeloid, and T lymphoid potential, suggesting that the yolk sac EMP and lymphoid lineages may develop from a common progenitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Atkins
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca Scarfò
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Kathleen E. McGrath
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Donghe Yang
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Palis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Andrea Ditadi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Gordon M. Keller
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Correspondence to Gordon M. Keller:
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41
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Louadi Z, Elkjaer ML, Klug M, Lio CT, Fenn A, Illes Z, Bongiovanni D, Baumbach J, Kacprowski T, List M, Tsoy O. Functional enrichment of alternative splicing events with NEASE reveals insights into tissue identity and diseases. Genome Biol 2021; 22:327. [PMID: 34857024 PMCID: PMC8638120 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02538-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative splicing (AS) is an important aspect of gene regulation. Nevertheless, its role in molecular processes and pathobiology is far from understood. A roadblock is that tools for the functional analysis of AS-set events are lacking. To mitigate this, we developed NEASE, a tool integrating pathways with structural annotations of protein-protein interactions to functionally characterize AS events. We show in four application cases how NEASE can identify pathways contributing to tissue identity and cell type development, and how it highlights splicing-related biomarkers. With a unique view on AS, NEASE generates unique and meaningful biological insights complementary to classical pathways analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Louadi
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria L Elkjaer
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Melissa Klug
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Chit Tong Lio
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amit Fenn
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zsolt Illes
- Department of Neurology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Dario Bongiovanni
- Department of Internal Medicine I, School of Medicine, University hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS and Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5000, Odense, Denmark
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of Technische Universität Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Olga Tsoy
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
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42
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Analyzing microglial phenotypes across neuropathologies: a practical guide. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 142:923-936. [PMID: 34623511 PMCID: PMC8498770 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-021-02370-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
As extremely sensitive immune cells, microglia act as versatile watchdogs of the central nervous system (CNS) that tightly control tissue homeostasis. Therefore, microglial activation is an early and easily detectable hallmark of virtually all neuropsychiatric, neuro-oncological, neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases. The recent introduction of novel high-throughput technologies and several single-cell methodologies as well as advances in epigenetic analyses helped to identify new microglia expression profiles, enhancer-landscapes and local signaling cues that defined diverse previously unappreciated microglia states in the healthy and diseased CNS. Here, we give an overview on the recent developments in the field of microglia biology and provide a practical guide to analyze disease-associated microglia phenotypes in both the murine and human CNS, on several morphological and molecular levels. Finally, technical limitations, potential pitfalls and data misinterpretations are discussed as well.
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43
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McClain KL, Bigenwald C, Collin M, Haroche J, Marsh RA, Merad M, Picarsic J, Ribeiro KB, Allen CE. Histiocytic disorders. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:73. [PMID: 34620874 PMCID: PMC10031765 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00307-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The historic term 'histiocytosis' meaning 'tissue cell' is used as a unifying concept for diseases characterized by pathogenic myeloid cells that share histological features with macrophages or dendritic cells. These cells may arise from the embryonic yolk sac, fetal liver or postnatal bone marrow. Prior classification schemes align disease designation with terminal phenotype: for example, Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) shares CD207+ antigen with physiological epidermal Langerhans cells. LCH, Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) and Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) are all characterized by pathological ERK activation driven by activating somatic mutations in MAPK pathway genes. The title of this Primer (Histiocytic disorders) was chosen to differentiate the above diseases from Langerhans cell sarcoma and malignant histiocytosis, which are hyperproliferative lesions typical of cancer. By comparison LCH, ECD, RDD and JXG share some features of malignant cells including activating MAPK pathway mutations, but are not hyperproliferative. 'Inflammatory myeloproliferative neoplasm' may be a more precise nomenclature. By contrast, haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is associated with macrophage activation and extreme inflammation, and represents a syndrome of immune dysregulation. These diseases affect children and adults in varying proportions depending on which of the entities is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth L McClain
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Paediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Camille Bigenwald
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Collin
- Human Dendritic Cell Lab, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Julien Haroche
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut E3M French Reference Centre for Histiocytosis, Pitié-Salpȇtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Rebecca A Marsh
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Immune Deficiency, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Translational and Molecular Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Picarsic
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Karina B Ribeiro
- Faculdade de Ciȇncias Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, Department of Collective Health, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carl E Allen
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Paediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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44
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Blank N, Mayer M, Mass E. The development and physiological and pathophysiological functions of resident macrophages and glial cells. Adv Immunol 2021; 151:1-47. [PMID: 34656287 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In the past, brain function and the onset and progression of neurological diseases have been studied in a neuron-centric manner. However, in recent years the focus of many neuroscientists has shifted to other cell types that promote neurodevelopment and contribute to the functionality of neuronal networks in health and disease. Particularly microglia and astrocytes have been implicated in actively contributing to and controlling neuronal development, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Here, we summarize the development of brain-resident macrophages and astrocytes and their core functions in the developing brain. We discuss their contribution and intercellular crosstalk during tissue homeostasis and pathophysiology. We argue that in-depth knowledge of non-neuronal cells in the brain could provide novel therapeutic targets to reverse or contain neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelli Blank
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marina Mayer
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elvira Mass
- Developmental Biology of the Immune System, Life & Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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45
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Keane L, Antignano I, Riechers SP, Zollinger R, Dumas AA, Offermann N, Bernis ME, Russ J, Graelmann F, McCormick PN, Esser J, Tejera D, Nagano A, Wang J, Chelala C, Biederbick Y, Halle A, Salomoni P, Heneka MT, Capasso M. mTOR-dependent translation amplifies microglia priming in aging mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:132727. [PMID: 33108356 DOI: 10.1172/jci132727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia maintain homeostasis in the brain. However, with age, they become primed and respond more strongly to inflammatory stimuli. We show here that microglia from aged mice had upregulated mTOR complex 1 signaling controlling translation, as well as protein levels of inflammatory mediators. Genetic ablation of mTOR signaling showed a dual yet contrasting effect on microglia priming: it caused an NF-κB-dependent upregulation of priming genes at the mRNA level; however, mice displayed reduced cytokine protein levels, diminished microglia activation, and milder sickness behavior. The effect on translation was dependent on reduced phosphorylation of 4EBP1, resulting in decreased binding of eIF4E to eIF4G. Similar changes were present in aged human microglia and in damage-associated microglia, indicating that upregulation of mTOR-dependent translation is an essential aspect of microglia priming in aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lily Keane
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Centre for Tumour Microenvironment and
| | | | | | | | | | - Nina Offermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Maria E Bernis
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Jenny Russ
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Julia Esser
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Dario Tejera
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ai Nagano
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claude Chelala
- Centre for Cancer Genomics and Computational Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Annett Halle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Paolo Salomoni
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael T Heneka
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Melania Capasso
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany.,Centre for Tumour Microenvironment and
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46
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Cohen Aubart F, Idbaih A, Emile JF, Amoura Z, Abdel-Wahab O, Durham BH, Haroche J, Diamond EL. Histiocytosis and the nervous system: from diagnosis to targeted therapies. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:1433-1446. [PMID: 33993305 PMCID: PMC8408883 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histiocytoses are heterogeneous hematopoietic diseases characterized by the accumulation of CD68(+) cells with various admixed inflammatory infiltrates. The identification of the pivotal role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has opened new avenues of research and therapeutic approaches. We review the neurologic manifestations of 3 histiocytic disorders with frequent involvement of the brain and spine: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD), and Rosai-Dorfman-Destombes disease (RDD). Central nervous system (CNS) manifestations occur in 10%-25% of LCH cases, with both tumorous or neurodegenerative forms. These subtypes differ by clinical and radiological presentation, pathogenesis, and prognosis. Tumorous or degenerative neurologic involvement occurs in 30%-40% of ECD patients and affects the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, meninges, and brain parenchyma. RDD lesions are typically tumorous with meningeal or parenchymal masses with strong contrast enhancement. Unlike LCH and ECD, neurodegenerative lesions or syndromes have not been described with RDD. Familiarity with principles of evaluation and treatment both shared among and distinct to each of these 3 diseases is critical for effective management. Refractory or disabling neurohistiocytic involvement should prompt the consideration for use of targeted kinase inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fleur Cohen Aubart
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre National de Référence Maladies Systémiques Rares et Histiocytoses, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Neurologie 1, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Emile
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, Département de Pathologie, Université Versailles-Saint Quentin, Boulogne, France
| | - Zahir Amoura
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre National de Référence Maladies Systémiques Rares et Histiocytoses, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Julien Haroche
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Service de Médecine Interne 2, Centre National de Référence Maladies Systémiques Rares et Histiocytoses, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Eli L Diamond
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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47
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Ibanez L, Cruchaga C, Fernández MV. Advances in Genetic and Molecular Understanding of Alzheimer's Disease. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1247. [PMID: 34440421 PMCID: PMC8394321 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a common disease of the elderly for which no cure currently exists. After over 30 years of intensive research, we have gained extensive knowledge of the genetic and molecular factors involved and their interplay in disease. These findings suggest that different subgroups of AD may exist. Not only are we starting to treat autosomal dominant cases differently from sporadic cases, but we could be observing different underlying pathological mechanisms related to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, immune dysfunction, and a tau-dependent pathology. Genetic, molecular, and, more recently, multi-omic evidence support each of these scenarios, which are highly interconnected but can also point to the different subgroups of AD. The identification of the pathologic triggers and order of events in the disease processes are key to the design of treatments and therapies. Prevention and treatment of AD cannot be attempted using a single approach; different therapeutic strategies at specific disease stages may be appropriate. For successful prevention and treatment, biomarker assays must be designed so that patients can be more accurately monitored at specific points during the course of the disease and potential treatment. In addition, to advance the development of therapeutic drugs, models that better mimic the complexity of the human brain are needed; there have been several advances in this arena. Here, we review significant, recent developments in genetics, omics, and molecular studies that have contributed to the understanding of this disease. We also discuss the implications that these contributions have on medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ibanez
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (L.I.); (C.C.)
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (L.I.); (C.C.)
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8111, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Maria Victoria Fernández
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; (L.I.); (C.C.)
- Neurogenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave. B8134, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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48
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Li L, Fan S, Zhang W, Li D, Yang Z, Zhuang P, Han J, Guo H, Zhang Y. Duzhong Fang Attenuates the POMC-Derived Neuroinflammation in Parkinsonian Mice. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:3261-3276. [PMID: 34326654 PMCID: PMC8315774 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s316314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation and microglia reactivity are now recognized to be features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Thus, microglia phenotype is a potential new target for developing treatments against PD. Duzhong Fang (DZF) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription. The theory of TCM argues that Duzhong Fang, nourishing yin and tonifying yang, may treat PD. However, its modern pharmacological studies and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS First, MPTP was used to establish a parkinsonian mouse model, and behavioral testing was used to evaluate the locomotor dysfunction. Then, HPLC, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot assays were performed to evaluate the survival of dopaminergic neurons. Molecular biological and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the neuroinflammation and microglial activation. In addition, RNA-seq transcriptomics was used to analyze differentially expressed genes and verify by RT-PCR. RESULTS In the present study, we first confirmed that DZF can alleviate neuroinflammation and ameliorate dyskinesia in parkinsonian mice. Then, further studies found that DZF can regulate microglial morphology and reactivity and act on the POMC gene. POMC is an upstream target for regulating inflammation and proinflammatory cytokines, and DZF can directly inhibit the POMC level and restore the homeostatic signature of microglia in parkinsonian mice. CONCLUSION This study found that POMC may have a potential role as a therapeutic target for PD. DZF may inhibit neuroinflammation and play an anti-PD effect by down-regulating the expression of POMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongna Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, People’s Republic of China
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49
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Emile JF, Cohen-Aubart F, Collin M, Fraitag S, Idbaih A, Abdel-Wahab O, Rollins BJ, Donadieu J, Haroche J. Histiocytosis. Lancet 2021; 398:157-170. [PMID: 33901419 PMCID: PMC9364113 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00311-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Histiocytoses constitute a heterogeneous group of rare disorders, characterised by infiltration of almost any organ by myeloid cells with diverse macrophage or dendritic cell phenotypes. Histiocytoses can start at any age. Diagnosis is based on histology in combination with appropriate clinical and radiological findings. The low incidence and broad spectrum of clinical manifestations often leads to diagnostic delay, especially for adults. In most cases, biopsy specimens infiltrated by histiocytes have somatic mutations in genes activating the MAP kinase cell-signalling pathway. These mutations might also be present in blood cells and haematopoietic progenitors of patients with multisystem disease. A comprehensive range of investigations and molecular typing are essential to accurately predict prognosis, which can vary from spontaneous resolution to life-threatening disseminated disease. Targeted therapies with BRAF or MEK inhibitors have revolutionised salvage treatment. However, the type and duration of treatment are still debated, and the prevention of neurological sequelae remains a crucial issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-François Emile
- EA4340 BECCOH, Université de Versailles SQY, Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France.
| | - Fleur Cohen-Aubart
- Internal Medicine Department 2, French National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Diseases and Histiocytoses, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Matthew Collin
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Pathology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Ahmed Idbaih
- UMR S 1127, CNRS/Inserm, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Hôpitaux Universitaires La Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, AP-HP and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Barrett J Rollins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean Donadieu
- EA4340 BECCOH, Université de Versailles SQY, Service de Pathologie, Hôpital Ambroise Paré, AP-HP, Boulogne, France; Service d'Hématologie Oncologie Pédiatrique, Centre de Référence des Histiocytoses, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Julien Haroche
- Internal Medicine Department 2, French National Referral Center for Rare Systemic Diseases and Histiocytoses, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, AP-HP and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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50
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Abstract
Somatic mutations arise postzygotically, producing genetic differences between cells in an organism. Well established as a driver of cancer, somatic mutations also exist in nonneoplastic cells, including in the brain. Technological advances in nucleic acid sequencing have enabled recent break-throughs that illuminate the roles of somatic mutations in aging and degenerative diseases of the brain. Somatic mutations accumulate during aging in human neurons, a process termed genosenium. A number of recent studies have examined somatic mutations in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), primarily from the perspective of genes causing familial AD. We have also gained new information on genome-wide mutations, providing insights into the cellular events driving somatic mutation and cellular dysfunction. This review highlights recent concepts, methods, and findings in the progress to understand the role of brain somatic mutation in aging and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Miller
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
| | - Hannah C Reed
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania 16335, USA;
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA; .,Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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