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Boychenko S, Egorova VS, Brovin A, Egorov AD. White-to-Beige and Back: Adipocyte Conversion and Transcriptional Reprogramming. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:790. [PMID: 38931457 PMCID: PMC11206576 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a pandemic, as currently more than half a billion people worldwide are obese. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial, and combines a contribution of hereditary and behavioral factors, such as nutritional inadequacy, along with the influences of environment and reduced physical activity. Two types of adipose tissue widely known are white and brown. While white adipose tissue functions predominantly as a key energy storage, brown adipose tissue has a greater mass of mitochondria and expresses the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene, which allows thermogenesis and rapid catabolism. Even though white and brown adipocytes are of different origin, activation of the brown adipocyte differentiation program in white adipose tissue cells forces them to transdifferentiate into "beige" adipocytes, characterized by thermogenesis and intensive lipolysis. Nowadays, researchers in the field of small molecule medicinal chemistry and gene therapy are making efforts to develop new drugs that effectively overcome insulin resistance and counteract obesity. Here, we discuss various aspects of white-to-beige conversion, adipose tissue catabolic re-activation, and non-shivering thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Boychenko
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Vera S. Egorova
- Biotechnology Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia
| | - Andrew Brovin
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Alexander D. Egorov
- Gene Therapy Department, Center for Translational Medicine, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sirius, Russia; (S.B.); (A.B.)
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2
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Yi SA, Pongkulapa T, Nevins S, Goldston LL, Chen M, Lee KB. Developing MiR-133a Zipper Nanoparticles for Targeted Enhancement of Thermogenic Adipocyte Generation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2400654. [PMID: 38795000 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Existing delivery methods for RNAi therapeutics encounter challenges, including stability, specificity, and off-target effects, which restrict their clinical effectiveness. In this study, a novel miR-133a zipper nanoparticle (NP) system that integrates miRNA zipper technology with rolling circle transcription (RCT) to achieve targeted delivery and specific regulation of miR-133a in adipocytes, is presented. This innovative approach can greatly enhance the delivery and release of miR-133a zippers, increasing the expression of thermogenic genes and mitochondrial biogenesis. he miR-133a zipper NP is utilized for the delivery of miRNA zipper-blocking miR-133a, an endogenous inhibitor of Prdm16 expression, to enhance the thermogenic activity of adipocytes by modulating their transcriptional program. Inhibition of miR-133a through the miR-133a zipper NP leads to more significant upregulation of thermogenic gene expression (Prdm16 and Ucp1) than with the free miR-133a zipper strand. Furthermore, miR-133a zipper NPs increase the number of mitochondria and induce heat production, reducing the size of 3D adipose spheroids. In short, this study emphasizes the role of RNA NPs in improving RNAi stability and specificity and paves the way for broader applications in gene therapy. Moreover, this research represents a significant advancement in RNAi-based treatments, pointing toward a promising direction for future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ah Yi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Thanapat Pongkulapa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Sarah Nevins
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Li Ling Goldston
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Meizi Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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3
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Gómez-Hernández A, de las Heras N, Gálvez BG, Fernández-Marcelo T, Fernández-Millán E, Escribano Ó. New Mediators in the Crosstalk between Different Adipose Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4659. [PMID: 38731880 PMCID: PMC11083914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a multifunctional organ that regulates many physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, nutrition, the regulation of insulin sensitivity, body temperature, and immune response. In this review, we highlight the relevance of the different mediators that control adipose tissue activity through a systematic review of the main players present in white and brown adipose tissues. Among them, inflammatory mediators secreted by the adipose tissue, such as classical adipokines and more recent ones, elements of the immune system infiltrated into the adipose tissue (certain cell types and interleukins), as well as the role of intestinal microbiota and derived metabolites, have been reviewed. Furthermore, anti-obesity mediators that promote the activation of beige adipose tissue, e.g., myokines, thyroid hormones, amino acids, and both long and micro RNAs, are exhaustively examined. Finally, we also analyze therapeutic strategies based on those mediators that have been described to date. In conclusion, novel regulators of obesity, such as microRNAs or microbiota, are being characterized and are promising tools to treat obesity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Gómez-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Natalia de las Heras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Beatriz G. Gálvez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Tamara Fernández-Marcelo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
| | - Elisa Fernández-Millán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Óscar Escribano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (A.G.-H.); (B.G.G.); (T.F.-M.); (E.F.-M.)
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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4
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Liang D, Li G. Pulling the trigger: Noncoding RNAs in white adipose tissue browning. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:399-420. [PMID: 38157150 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09866-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) serves as the primary site for energy storage and endocrine regulation in mammals, while brown adipose tissue (BAT) is specialized for thermogenesis and energy expenditure. The conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like fat cells, known as browning, has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for reversing obesity and its associated co-morbidities. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of transcripts that do not encode proteins but exert regulatory functions on gene expression at various levels. Recent studies have shed light on the involvement of ncRNAs in adipose tissue development, differentiation, and function. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of ncRNAs in adipose biology, with a focus on their role and intricate mechanisms in WAT browning. Also, we discuss the potential applications and challenges of ncRNA-based therapies for overweight and its metabolic disorders, so as to combat the obesity epidemic in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehuan Liang
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
- Fifth School of Clinical Medicine (Beijing Hospital), Peking University, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoping Li
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, 100730, People's Republic of China.
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Herrington CS, Oswald AJ, Stillie LJ, Croy I, Churchman M, Hollis RL. Compartment-specific multiomic profiling identifies SRC and GNAS as candidate drivers of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in ovarian carcinosarcoma. Br J Cancer 2024; 130:327-335. [PMID: 38097740 PMCID: PMC10803731 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02508-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian carcinosarcoma (OCS) is an exceptionally aggressive and understudied ovarian cancer type harbouring distinct carcinomatous and sarcomatous compartments. Here, we seek to identify shared and compartment-specific events that may represent potential therapeutic targets and candidate drivers of sarcomatous compartment formation through epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). METHODS We performed multiomic profiling (exome sequencing, RNA-sequencing, microRNA profiling) of paired carcinomatous and sarcomatous components in 12 OCS cases. RESULTS While paired sarcomatous and carcinomatous compartments demonstrate substantial genomic similarities, multiple loci are recurrently copy number-altered between components; regions containing GNAS and SRC are recurrently gained within the sarcomatous compartment. CCNE1 gain is a common event in OCS, occurring more frequently than in high grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC). Transcriptomic analysis suggests increased MAPK activity and subtype switching toward poor prognosis HGSOC-derived transcriptomic subtypes within the sarcomatous component. The two compartments show global differences in microRNA profiles, with differentially expressed microRNAs targeting EMT-related genes (SIRT1, ZEB2) and regulators of pro-tumourigenic pathways (TGFβ, NOTCH); chrX is a highly enriched target of these microRNAs and is also frequently deleted across samples. The sarcomatous component harbours significantly fewer CD8-positive cells, suggesting poorer immune engagement. CONCLUSION CCNE1 gain and chrX loss are frequent in OCS. SRC gain, increased GNAS expression and microRNA dysregulation represent potential mechanisms driving sarcomatous compartment formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Simon Herrington
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailsa J Oswald
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lorna J Stillie
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre and Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Croy
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Churchman
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robert L Hollis
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Scotland Centre, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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6
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Zhao JM, Li FQY, Li XY, Jiao DR, Liu XD, Lv XY, Zhao JX. Guanidinoacetic Acid Attenuates Adipogenesis through Regulation of miR-133a in Sheep. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3108. [PMID: 37835715 PMCID: PMC10571753 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is an amino acid derivative, previously described in the skeletal muscle of vertebrates, that serves as an important regulator of cellular bioenergetics and has been widely used as a feed additive. Nevertheless, the effect of GAA on adipose tissue growth remains unclear. Here, we hypothesized that dietary GAA negatively affected adipose tissue development in lambs. Lambs were individually fed diets with (0.09%) or without GAA for 70 d ad libitum, and the subcutaneous adipose tissues were sampled for analysis. The results showed that dietary GAA supplementation decreased the girth rib (GR) value (p < 0.01) of lamb carcasses. Both real-time PCR and Western blot analysis suggested that dietary GAA inhibited the expression of adipogenic markers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ, p < 0.05), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα, p < 0.01) and sterol-regulatory-element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1C, p < 0.01) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. In vitro, GAA inhibited sheep stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cell proliferation, which was associated with downregulation of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA, p < 0.05), cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK 4, p < 0.05) and cyclin D1 (p < 0.01). GAA suppressed adipogenesis of SVF cells. Furthermore, miRNA sequencing revealed that GAA affected the miRNA expression profile, and real-time PCR analysis confirmed that miR-133a expression in both subcutaneous adipose tissue and SVF cell was downregulated by GAA. Meanwhile, miR-133a promoted adipogenic differentiation of SVF cells by targeting Sirt1. miR-133a mimics alleviated the inhibitory effect of GAA on SVF cells' adipogenic differentiation. In summary, GAA attenuated adipogenesis of sheep SVF cells, which might occur through miR-133a-modulated Sirt1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Min Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Fan-Qin-Yu Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Xv-Ying Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Dan-Rong Jiao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
| | - Xiang-Dong Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiao-Yang Lv
- International Joint Research Laboratory in Universities of Jiangsu Province of China for Domestic Animal Germplasm Resources and Genetic Improvement, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jun-Xing Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China (X.-Y.L.); (D.-R.J.)
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7
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Liu C, Liu X, Li H, Kang Z. Advances in the regulation of adipogenesis and lipid metabolism by exosomal ncRNAs and their role in related metabolic diseases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1173904. [PMID: 37791070 PMCID: PMC10543472 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1173904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are membrane-bound extracellular vesicles released following the fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with the cell membrane. Exosomes transport diverse molecules, including proteins, lipids, DNA and RNA, and regulate distant intercellular communication. Noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) carried by exosomes regulate cell-cell communication in tissues, including adipose tissue. This review summarizes the action mechanisms of ncRNAs carried by exosomes on adipocyte differentiation and modulation of adipogenesis by exosomal ncRNAs. This study aims to provide valuable insights for developing novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xilin Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Nursing, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhichen Kang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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8
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Michalak-Stoma A, Walczak K, Adamczyk M, Kowal M, Krasowska D. Selected miRNA and Psoriasis-Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)-Overweight/Obesity Network-A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13916. [PMID: 37762217 PMCID: PMC10530775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is nowadays recognized as a multifactorial systemic disease with complex and not fully understood pathogenesis. In psoriatic patients, the increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and frequent comorbidities like obesity are observed. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in miRNA (miR-22-3p, miR-133a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-369-3p, and Let-7b-5p) involved in CVD risk among psoriatic patients with overweight/obesity and with normal weight. The study comprised 28 male psoriatic patients and 16 male healthy controls. miRNA isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was reverse-transcribed and RT-qPCR was performed. We have found decreased levels of miR-22, miR-133a, miR-146a, and miR-369 among the psoriatic patients. There was a statistically significant difference in miR-22 and miR-146a levels between psoriatic patients with overweight/obesity and with normal weight. There were positive correlations between miR-22 and miR-146a levels and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in psoriatic patients with normal weight and between the miR-133a level and PsA in the overweight/obese patients. The decreased levels of selected miRNA are consistent with the levels observed in CVD indicating their impact on the CVD risk in psoriatic patients. miR-22 and miR-146 may be recognized as one of the contributing factors in the obesity-CVD-psoriasis network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Michalak-Stoma
- Chair and Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, ul. Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland; (K.W.); (M.A.); (M.K.); (D.K.)
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Xu J, Cui L, Wang J, Zheng S, Zhang H, Ke S, Cao X, Shi Y, Li J, Zen K, Vidal-Puig A, Zhang CY, Li L, Jiang X. Cold-activated brown fat-derived extracellular vesicle-miR-378a-3p stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in male mice. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5480. [PMID: 37673898 PMCID: PMC10482845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41160-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
During cold exposure, activated brown adipose tissue (BAT) takes up a large amount of circulating glucose to fuel non-shivering thermogenesis and defend against hypothermia. However, little is known about the endocrine function of BAT controlling glucose homoeostasis under this thermoregulatory challenge. Here, we show that in male mice, activated BAT-derived extracellular vesicles (BDEVs) reprogram systemic glucose metabolism by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis during cold stress. Cold exposure facilitates the selective packaging of miR-378a-3p-one of the BAT-enriched miRNAs-into EVs and delivery into the liver. BAT-derived miR-378a-3p enhances gluconeogenesis by targeting p110α. miR-378 KO mice display reduced hepatic gluconeogenesis during cold exposure, while restoration of miR-378a-3p in iBAT induces the expression of gluconeogenic genes in the liver. These findings provide a mechanistic understanding of BDEV-miRNA as stress-induced batokine to coordinate systemic glucose homoeostasis. This miR-378a-3p-mediated interorgan communication highlights a novel endocrine function of BAT in preventing hypoglycemia during cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Xu
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Le Cui
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shasha Zheng
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huahua Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Ke
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cao
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanteng Shi
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ke Zen
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chen-Yu Zhang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Research Unit of Extracellular RNA, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Liang Li
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaohong Jiang
- Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Center of Molecular Diagnostic and Therapy, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Cambridge University Nanjing Centre of Technology and Innovation, Nanjing, China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu J, Wei L, Chen T, Wang H, Luo J, Chen X, Jiang Q, Xi Q, Sun J, Zhang L, Zhang Y. MiR-143 Targets SYK to Regulate NEFA Uptake and Contribute to Thermogenesis in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2023; 164:bqad114. [PMID: 37486737 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Excessive energy intake is the main cause of obesity, and stimulation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and white adipose tissue (WAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an attractive tool for antiobesity. Although miR-143 has been reported to be associated with BAT thermogenesis, its role remains unclear. Here, we found that miR-143 had highest expression in adipose tissue, especially in BAT. During short-term cold exposure or CL316,243 was injected, miR-143 was markedly downregulated in BAT and subcutaneous WAT (scWAT). Moreover, knockout (KO) of miR-143 increases the body temperature of mice upon cold exposure, which may be due to the increased thermogenesis of BAT and scWAT. More importantly, supplementation of miR-143 in BAT of KO mice can inhibit the increase in body temperature in KO mice. Mechanistically, spleen tyrosine kinase was revealed for the first time as a new target of miR-143, and deletion of miR-143 facilitates fatty acid uptake in BAT. In addition, we found that brown adipocytes can promote fat mobilization of white adipocytes, and miR-143 may participate in this process. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that inactivation of adenylate cyclase 9 (AC9) in BAT inhibits thermogenesis through AC9-PKA-AMPK-CREB-UCP1 signaling pathway. Overall, our results reveal a novel function of miR-143 on thermogenesis, and a new functional link of the BAT and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experi-mental Animal Research Center), Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Limin Wei
- Sanya Institute, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Hainan Experi-mental Animal Research Center), Sanya, Hainan 572000, China
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hainan Key Laboratory for Tropical Animal Breeding and Disease Research, Haikou, Hainan 571100, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Junyi Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Xingping Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Qianyun Xi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Jiajie Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guang-dong 510642, China
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11
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Jin M, Yuan Z, Li T, Wang H, Wei C. The Effects of DDI1 on Inducing Differentiation in Ovine Preadipocytes via Oar-miR-432. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11567. [PMID: 37511326 PMCID: PMC10380388 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducing fat deposition in sheep (Ovis aries) tails is one of the most important ways to combat rising costs and control consumer preference. Our previous studies have shown that oar-miR-432 is differentially expressed in the tail adipose tissue of Hu (a fat-tailed sheep breed) and Tibetan (a thin-tailed sheep breed) sheep and is a key factor in the negative regulation of fat deposition through BMP2 in ovine preadipocytes. This study investigated the effect of oar-miR-432 and its target genes in ovine preadipocytes. A dual luciferase assay revealed that DDI1 is a direct target gene of oar-miR-432. We transfected an oar-miR-432 mimic and inhibitor into preadipocytes to analyze the expression of target genes. Overexpression of oar-miR-432 inhibits DDI1 expression, whereas inhibition showed the opposite results. Compared with thin-tailed sheep, DDI1 was highly expressed in the fat-tailed sheep at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we transfected the overexpression and knockdown target genes into preadipocytes to analyze their influence after inducing differentiation. Knockdown of DDI1 induced ovine preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes but suppressed oar-miR-432 expression. Conversely, the overexpression of DDI1 significantly inhibited differentiation but promoted oar-miR-432 expression. DDI1 overexpression also decreased the content of triglycerides. Additionally, DDI1 is a nested gene in intron 1 of PDGFD. When DDI1 was overexpressed, the PDGFD expression also increased, whereas DDI1 knockdown showed the opposite results. This is the first study to reveal the biological mechanisms by which oar-miR-432 inhibits preadipocytes through DDI1 and provides insight into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of DDI1 in ovine preadipocytes. These results have important applications in animal breeding and obesity-related human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Jin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Taotao Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Huihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
| | - Caihong Wei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (M.J.); (T.L.)
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12
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Wang C, Wang X, Hu W. Molecular and cellular regulation of thermogenic fat. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1215772. [PMID: 37465124 PMCID: PMC10351381 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1215772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenic fat, consisting of brown and beige adipocytes, dissipates energy in the form of heat, in contrast to the characteristics of white adipocytes that store energy. Increasing energy expenditure by activating brown adipocytes or inducing beige adipocytes is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating obesity and type 2 diabetes. Thus, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of thermogenesis provides novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis, focusing on transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, metabolites, and non-coding RNAs. We further discuss the intercellular and inter-organ crosstalk that regulate thermogenesis, considering the heterogeneity and complex tissue microenvironment of thermogenic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihua Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianju Wang
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenxiang Hu
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Laboratory for Cell Fate Regulation and Diseases, Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Chen R, Wu X, Qiu H, Yang B, Chen Y, Chen X, Li Y, Yuan S, Liu D, Xiao L, Yu Y. Obesity-induced inflammatory miR-133a mediates apoptosis of granulosa cells and causes abnormal folliculogenesis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2023; 55:1234-1246. [PMID: 37337633 PMCID: PMC10448043 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been reported to promote disordered folliculogenesis, but the exact molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. In this study, we find that miR-133a is involved in obesity-induced follicular development disorder. After feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) and fructose water for nine weeks, the mouse body weight is significantly increased, accompanied by an inflammatory state and increased expression of miR-133a in the adipose tissues and ovaries as well as accelerated follicle depletion. Although miR-133a is increased in the fat and ovaries of HFD mice, the increased miR-133a in the HFD ovaries is not derived from exosome transferred from obese adipose tissues but is synthesized by ovarian follicular cells in response to HFD-induced inflammation. In vivo experiments show that intrabursal injection of miR-133a agomir induces a decrease in primordial follicles and an increase in antral follicles and atretic follicles, which is similar to HFD-induced abnormal folliculogenesis. Overexpression of miR-133a modestly promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by balancing the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as C1QL1 and XIAP and pro-apoptotic proteins such as PTEN. Overall, this study reveals the function of miR-133a in obesity-induced ovarian folliculogenesis dysfunction and sheds light on the etiology of female reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Han Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Baiming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yingshan Li
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Shaochun Yuan
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional GenesCollege of Life SciencesSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Women’s HealthCareAffiliated Foshan Women and Children’s HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityFoshan528000China
| | - Luanjuan Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine (JNU-CUHK)Ministry of EducationDepartment of Developmental and Regenerative BiologyCollege of Life Science and TechnologyJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
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14
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Gu P, Ding K, Lu L, Zhang Y, Wang W, Guo Q, Liao Y, Yang B, Wang T, Zhou C, Lu B, Kong APS, Cheng AS, Hui HX, Shao J. Compromised browning in white adipose tissue of ageing people. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:7030944. [PMID: 36750512 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipose tissue plays a pivotal role in the pathology of metabolic disorders. In the past decade, brown and brown-like adipose tissues were detected in adult humans and show therapeutic potential in ageing-related metabolic diseases. OBJECTIVE This study investigated expressions of major brown adipose markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) of different ages. Their associations with metabolic parameters and key adipokines were interrogated. DESIGN Cross-sectional study, 2019-2021. METHODS We recruited 21 young, 67 middle-aged, and 34 older patients. Omental adipose tissues were collected, and expressions of key brown markers and adipokines and the adipocyte size were evaluated. The fat depot distribution was evaluated by computed tomography. RESULTS UCP1 and PRDM16 mRNA expressions declined with ageing in WAT and were more associated with age, than with the body mass index (BMI). The increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) amount, as well as the VAT to subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) ratio, was decreased in the highest tertile of UCP1 expression, while individuals in different PRDM16 mRNA tertiles exhibited similar fat distribution. UCP1 mRNA was positively correlated with ADIPOQ and the strength of the correlation declined with ageing. In contrast, the association between UCP1 and LEP was insignificant in young and middle-aged groups but became significantly correlated in the older-people group. We also found a positive correlation between UCP1 and PRDM16. CONCLUSIONS PRDM16 and UCP1, despite their key functions in adipose browning, exhibit differential clinical correlations with metabolic features in human WAT in an age-dependent manner. These two genes may participate in the pathogenesis of ageing-related metabolic diseases, but with distinct mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Kai Ding
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Qingyu Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Yannian Liao
- Research Institute of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Bingjie Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Med University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Med University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Changsheng Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Bin Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Alice P S Kong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Diabetes and Obesity, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Alfred S Cheng
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hannah Xiaoyan Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiaqing Shao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210000, China
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15
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Sun X, Wan X, Khan MA, Zhang K, Yi X, Wang Z, Chen K. Comprehensive Analysis of circRNA Expression Profiles in Human Brown Adipose Tissue. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:469-478. [PMID: 36814952 PMCID: PMC9939945 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s398620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can rapidly generate heat and improve energy metabolism. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are cellular endogenous non-coding RNAs, which can regulate the development and progress of different diseases. However, the role of circRNAs in human BAT is not fully understood. Here, we analyzed the differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) in human BAT, as well as in white adipose tissue (WAT), and identified new biomarkers of BAT. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three human BAT and three human subcutaneous WAT samples were selected, and circRNA microarray was performed. Additionally, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was applied to determine the expression of six circRNAs. Finally, the functional analysis was performed by bioinformatics. RESULTS Compared to WAT, 152 upregulated circRNAs and 201 downregulated circRNAs were identified in BAT. The DECs were further subjected to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. Several circRNAs, for example, hsa_circ_0006168, hsa_circ_26337 and hsa_circ_0007507 were found upregulated and hsa_circ_0030162 was found downregulated in human BAT compared to WAT. CONCLUSION This study profiles the circRNA expression in human BAT and WAT, and suggests hsa_circ_0006168, hsa_circ_26337, hsa_circ_0007507, and hsa_circ_0030162 as novel biomarkers for human BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinxing Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Centre for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keke Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuan Yi
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhouqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ke Chen, Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-731-8861-8239, Email
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16
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Lin C, He X, Chen X, Liu L, Guan H, Xiao H, Li Y. miR-1275 Inhibits Human Omental Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Differentiation Toward the Beige Phenotype via PRDM16. Stem Cells Dev 2022; 31:799-809. [PMID: 36128801 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes have recently attracted attention for their potential as new therapeutic targets in the management of obesity and related metabolic disorders. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported as transcriptional regulators or biomarkers of brown and beige adipogenesis. Nevertheless, the effects of miRNAs involved in beige differentiation of human visceral adipocytes remain to be investigated. In this study, microarray screening showed that miR-1275 was significantly decreased during the differentiation of beige adipocytes induced by human omental adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). Overexpression of miR-1275 suppressed the "brown-like" differentiation of hASCs by inhibiting the key transcriptional factor PR domain containing 16 (PRDM16) without affecting the proliferation. Adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis of beige adipocytes derived from hASCs were impaired by miR-1275 overexpression. The regulatory effect of miR-1275 was determined by direct binding to the 3'-untranslated region of PRDM16, which was demonstrated by a dual-luciferase assay. Taken together, this study identified miR-1275 as a negative regulator of beige cell development in hASCs by inhibiting PRDM16. Thus, miR-1275 might be a potential target in the management of visceral obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhong Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying He
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liehua Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Tan X, Zhu T, Zhang L, Fu L, Hu Y, Li H, Li C, Zhang J, Liang B, Liu J. miR-669a-5p promotes adipogenic differentiation and induces browning in preadipocytes. Adipocyte 2022; 11:120-132. [PMID: 35094659 PMCID: PMC8803067 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2030570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global health issue that contributes to the occurrence of metabolic disorders. Based on this fact, understanding the underlying mechanisms and to uncover promising therapeutic approaches for obesity have attracted intense investigation. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can help burns excess calories. Therefore, promoting White adipose tissue (WAT) browning and BAT activation is an attractive strategy for obesity treatment. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs, which are involved in regulation of adipogenic processes and metabolic functions. Evidence is accumulating that miRNAs are important regulators for both brown adipocyte differentiation and white adipocyte browning. Here we report that the expression of miR-669a-5p increases during the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 adipocytes. miR-669a-5p supplementation promotes adipogenic differentiation and causes browning of 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. Moreover, the expression of miR-669a-5p is upregulated in iWAT of mice exposed to cold. These data demonstrate that miR-669a-5p plays a role in regulating adipocyte differentiation and fat browning.Abbreviations: Acadl: long-chain acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; Acadm: medium-chain acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase; Acadvl: very long-chain acyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase, very long chain; Aco2: mitochondrial aconitase 2; BAT: brown adipose tissue; Bmper: BMP-binding endothelial regulator; Cpt1-b:carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b; Cpt2: carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2; Crat: carnitine acetyltransferase; Cs: citrate synthase; C2MC: Chromosome 2 miRNA cluster; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium; eWAT: epididymal white adipose tissue; ETC: electron transport chain; FAO: fatty acid oxidation; Fabp4:fatty acid binding protein 4; FBS: fetal bovine serum; Hadha: hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit alpha; Hadhb: hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase trifunctional multienzyme complex subunit beta; HFD: high fat diet; Idh3a: isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 alpha; iWAT: inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue; Lpl: lipoprotein lipase; Mdh2: malate dehydrogenase 2; NBCS: NewBorn Calf Serum; mt-Nd1: mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase 1; Ndufb8:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B8; Nrf1: nuclear respiratory factor 1; Pgc1α: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha; Pgc1b: peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 beta; Pparγ: peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma; Prdm16: PR domain containing 16; Rgs4: regulator of G-protein signaling 4; Sdhb: succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit B; Sdhc: succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C; Sdhd: succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit D; Sh3d21: SH3 domain containing 21; Sfmbt2: Scm-like with four mbt domains 2; TG: triglyceride; TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle; Tfam: transcription factor A, mitochondrial; TMRE: tetramethylrhodamine, methyl ester; Ucp1: uncoupling protein 1; Uqcrc2: ubiquinol cytochrome c reductase core protein 2; WAT: White adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tingting Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Linqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Hu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Chengbin Li
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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18
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Ma L, Gilani A, Yi Q, Tang L. MicroRNAs as Mediators of Adipose Thermogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Obesity. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 36421371 PMCID: PMC9687157 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing health problem worldwide, associated with an increased risk of multiple chronic diseases. The thermogenic activity of brown adipose tissue (BAT) correlates with leanness in adults. Understanding the mechanisms behind BAT activation and the process of white fat "browning" has important implications for developing new treatments to combat obesity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small transcriptional regulators that control gene expression in various tissues, including adipose tissue. Recent studies show that miRNAs are involved in adipogenesis and adipose tissue thermogenesis. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the role of miRNAs in adipocyte thermogenesis and obesity. The potential for miRNA-based therapies for obesity and recommendations for future research are highlighted, which may help provide new targets for treating obesity and obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lunkun Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ankit Gilani
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Qian Yi
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646099, China
| | - Liling Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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19
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Luo W, Kim Y, Jensen ME, Herlea-Pana O, Wang W, Rudolph MC, Friedman JE, Chernausek SD, Jiang S. miR-130b/301b Is a Negative Regulator of Beige Adipogenesis and Energy Metabolism In Vitro and In Vivo. Diabetes 2022; 71:2360-2371. [PMID: 36001751 PMCID: PMC9630090 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown or beige adipocytes dissipate energy in the form of heat and thereby counteract obesity and related metabolic complications. The miRNA cluster miR-130b/301b is highly expressed in adipose tissues and has been implicated in metabolic diseases as a posttranscriptional regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and lipid metabolism. We investigated the roles of miR-130b/301b in regulating beige adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. miR-130b/301b declined in adipose progenitor cells during beige adipogenesis, while forced overexpression of miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p suppressed uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and mitochondrial respiration, suggesting that a decline in miR-130b-3p or miR-301b-3p is required for adipocyte precursors to develop the beige phenotype. Mechanistically, miR-130b/301b directly targeted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPKα1) and suppressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α), key regulators of brown adipogenesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Mice lacking the miR-130b/301b miRNA cluster showed reduced visceral adiposity and less weight gain. miR-130b/301b null mice exhibited improved glucose tolerance, increased UCP1 and AMPK activation in subcutaneous fat (inguinal white adipose tissue [iWAT]), and increased response to cold-induced energy expenditure. Together, these data identify the miR-130b/301b cluster as a new regulator that suppresses beige adipogenesis involving PGC-1α and AMPK signaling in iWAT and is therefore a potential therapeutic target against obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Luo
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Youngsil Kim
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Mary Ellen Jensen
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Oana Herlea-Pana
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Weidong Wang
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Michael C. Rudolph
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Jacob E. Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Steven D. Chernausek
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Shaoning Jiang
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Section of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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20
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Machado SA, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, da Silva DS, Farias GR, de Oliveira Santos I, Baptista LB, Magalhães KG. Browning of the white adipose tissue regulation: new insights into nutritional and metabolic relevance in health and diseases. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:61. [PMID: 36068578 PMCID: PMC9446768 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues are dynamic tissues that play crucial physiological roles in maintaining health and homeostasis. Although white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue are currently considered key endocrine organs, they differ functionally and morphologically. The existence of the beige or brite adipocytes, cells displaying intermediary characteristics between white and brown adipocytes, illustrates the plastic nature of the adipose tissue. These cells are generated through white adipose tissue browning, a process associated with augmented non-shivering thermogenesis and metabolic capacity. This process involves the upregulation of the uncoupling protein 1, a molecule that uncouples the respiratory chain from Adenosine triphosphate synthesis, producing heat. β-3 adrenergic receptor system is one important mediator of white adipose tissue browning, during cold exposure. Surprisingly, hyperthermia may also induce beige activation and white adipose tissue beiging. Physical exercising copes with increased levels of specific molecules, including Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid, irisin, and Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), which induce adipose tissue browning. FGF21 is a stress-responsive hormone that interacts with beta-klotho. The central roles played by hormones in the browning process highlight the relevance of the individual lifestyle, including circadian rhythm and diet. Circadian rhythm involves the sleep-wake cycle and is regulated by melatonin, a hormone associated with UCP1 level upregulation. In contrast to the pro-inflammatory and adipose tissue disrupting effects of the western diet, specific food items, including capsaicin and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietary interventions such as calorie restriction and intermittent fasting, favor white adipose tissue browning and metabolic efficiency. The intestinal microbiome has also been pictured as a key factor in regulating white tissue browning, as it modulates bile acid levels, important molecules for the thermogenic program activation. During embryogenesis, in which adipose tissue formation is affected by Bone morphogenetic proteins that regulate gene expression, the stimuli herein discussed influence an orchestra of gene expression regulators, including a plethora of transcription factors, and chromatin remodeling enzymes, and non-coding RNAs. Considering the detrimental effects of adipose tissue browning and the disparities between adipose tissue characteristics in mice and humans, further efforts will benefit a better understanding of adipose tissue plasticity biology and its applicability to managing the overwhelming burden of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Azevedo Machado
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Debora Santos da Silva
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ribeiro Farias
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Igor de Oliveira Santos
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luana Borges Baptista
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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21
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Feng H, Liu T, Yousuf S, Zhang X, Huang W, Li A, Xie L, Miao X. Identification of potential miRNA-mRNA regulatory network and the key miRNAs in intramuscular and subcutaneous adipose. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:976603. [PMID: 36090166 PMCID: PMC9453844 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.976603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is an important indicator for evaluating meat quality. Breeds with high IMF content are often accompanied by high subcutaneous fat (SCF), severely affecting the meat rate of pigs. Studying the mechanisms of miRNAs related to lipogenesis and lipid metabolism has important implications for pig breeding. We constructed two small RNA libraries from intramuscular and subcutaneous fat to evaluate the patterns of lipogenesis in Laiwu pig, a Chinese breed. A total of 286 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), including 193 known miRNA and 93 novel miRNAs, were identified from two types of adipose. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis for DEmiRNAs showed that their target genes involved in many adipogenesis and lipid metabolism biological processes and signaling pathways, such as Wnt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Melanogenesis, Signaling pathways regulating pluripotency of stem cells and so on. Then, we constructed a miRNA-mRNA interaction network to find out which miRNAs were the key miRNAs of regulation in Wnt signaling pathway. In this pathway, miR-331-3p, miR-339-5p, miR-874 and novel346_mature target PPARD, WNT10B, RSPO3, WNT2B. This study provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the post-transcriptional regulation mechanism of meat quality formation and predicting and treating diseases caused by ectopic fat.
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22
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Lopez MA, Si Y, Hu X, Williams V, Qushair F, Carlyle J, Alesce L, Conklin M, Gilbert S, Bamman MM, Alexander MS, King PH. Smad8 Is Increased in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy and Suppresses miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7515. [PMID: 35886863 PMCID: PMC9323105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an X-linked recessive disease characterized by skeletal muscle instability, progressive muscle wasting, and fibrosis. A major driver of DMD pathology stems from aberrant upregulation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling. In this report, we investigated the major transducers of TGFβ signaling, i.e., receptor Smads (R-Smads), in DMD patient skeletal muscle and observed a 48-fold increase in Smad8 mRNA. Smad1, Smad2, Smad3, and Smad5 mRNA were only minimally increased. A similar pattern was observed in the muscle from the mdx5cv mouse. Western blot analysis showed upregulation of phosphorylated Smad1, Smad5, and Smad8 compared to total Smad indicating activation of this pathway. In parallel, we observed a profound diminishment of muscle-enriched microRNAs (myomiRs): miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b. The pattern of Smad8 induction and myomiR suppression was recapitulated in C2C12 muscle cells after stimulation with bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), a signaling factor that we found upregulated in DMD muscle. Silencing Smad8 in C2C12 myoblasts derepressed myomiRs and promoted myoblast differentiation; there was also a concomitant upregulation of myogenic regulatory factors (myogenin and myocyte enhancer factor 2D) and suppression of a pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin-6). Our data suggest that Smad8 is a negative regulator of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b in muscle cells and that the BMP4-Smad8 axis is a driver of dystrophic pathology in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Lopez
- Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (M.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CHB314, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (X.H.); (V.W.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (L.A.); (M.M.B.)
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine (UCEM), University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Ying Si
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (L.A.); (M.M.B.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Xianzhen Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CHB314, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (X.H.); (V.W.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Valentyna Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CHB314, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (X.H.); (V.W.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Fuad Qushair
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CHB314, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (X.H.); (V.W.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Jackson Carlyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CHB314, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (X.H.); (V.W.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
| | - Lyndsy Alesce
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (L.A.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Michael Conklin
- Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (M.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Shawn Gilbert
- Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (M.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Marcas M. Bamman
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (L.A.); (M.M.B.)
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine (UCEM), University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Cell, Development and Integrative Biology, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Matthew S. Alexander
- Children’s of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (M.C.); (S.G.); (M.S.A.)
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), CHB314, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA; (X.H.); (V.W.); (F.Q.); (J.C.)
- UAB Center for Exercise Medicine (UCEM), University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- UAB Civitan International Research Center (CIRC), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Peter H. King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Civitan 545C, 1530 3rd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (Y.S.); (L.A.); (M.M.B.)
- Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
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23
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miR-375 is cold exposure sensitive and drives thermogenesis in visceral adipose tissue derived stem cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9557. [PMID: 35688898 PMCID: PMC9187663 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13610-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of brown adipose tissue may increase energy expenditure by non-shivering thermogenesis. Cold exposure is one of the options to activate brown adipocytes. To link changes in energy metabolism with microRNA expression (miRNAs), we analyzed 158 miRNAs in serum of 169 healthy individuals before and after cold exposure. Validating the results of a miRNA array, a significant down-regulation of miR-375 after cold exposure (P < 0.0001) was detected. These changes went along with a significant negative correlation between miR-375 and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (P < 0.0001), implicating a specific function of miR-375 in this depot. Significantly higher expression levels of miR-375 were found in VAT in comparison to subcutaneous fat (SAT). Using in silico prediction, we identified putative miR-375 target genes involved in the thermogenesis pathway. Cold-stimulation of subcutaneous and visceral pre-adipocytes (PACs) led to significantly higher expression levels of FABP4, FGF21, PPARGC1A and PRDM16 in VC-PACs. Analyzing miR-375 knock down and cold stimulated VC-PACs revealed a significant up-regulation of thermogenesis associated genes PPARGC1A, ELOVL3 and PRDM16. In summary, our findings identified miR-375 as a potential adipogenic and thermogenesis-associated miRNA exclusively acting in visceral adipose tissue.
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24
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Jin M, Fei X, Li T, Lu Z, Chu M, Di R, He X, Wang X, Wang Y, Yuan Z, Quan K, Wang H, Wei C. Oar-miR-432 Regulates Fat Differentiation and Promotes the Expression of BMP2 in Ovine Preadipocytes. Front Genet 2022; 13:844747. [PMID: 35559046 PMCID: PMC9087340 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.844747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fat tail is a unique characteristic of sheep that represents energy reserves and is a complex adaptative mechanism of fat-tailed sheep to environmental stress. MicroRNA plays a significant role as regulators at the posttranscriptional level, but no studies have explained the molecular mechanisms of miRNA which regulate fat deposition in sheep tails. In this study, mRNA and miRNA analysis examined tail fat tissue from three Hu fat-tailed and three Tibetan thin-tailed sheep. After aligning to the reference sequences, 2,108 differentially expressed genes and 105 differential expression miRNAs were identified, including 1,247 up- and 861 downregulated genes and 43 up- and 62 downregulated miRNAs. Among these differentially expressed miRNAs, oar-miR-432 was one of the most downregulated miRNAs between Hu sheep and Tibetan sheep, and 712 genes were predicted to be targeted by oar-miR-432, 80 of which overlapped with DEGs. The Gene Ontology analysis on these genes showed that BMP2, LEP, GRK5, BMP7, and RORC were enriched in fat cell differentiation terms. The genes for BMP2 targeted by oar-miR-432 were examined using dual-luciferase assay. The oar-miR-432 mimic transfected into preadipocytes resulted in increased expression of BMP2. The marker gene PPAR-γ of fat differentiation had a lower expression than the negative control on days 0, 2, and 4 after induced differentiation. The decrease in the number of lipids in the oar-miR-432 mimic group detected by oil red O stain was also less than that in the negative control. This is the first study to reveal the fat mechanisms by which oar-miR-432 inhibits fat differentiation and promotes the expression of BMP2 in sheep tails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Jin
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Taotao Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Chu
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Di
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Zehu Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kai Quan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Huihua Wang
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Caihong Wei
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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25
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Transcriptome reveals key microRNAs involved in fat deposition between different tail sheep breeds. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264804. [PMID: 35231067 PMCID: PMC8887763 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of noncoding RNA whose function involved in various biological processes in neuronal maturation and adipocyte cells, such as differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and metabolism. Herein, miRNA-Seq was used to identify miRNAs in the tail fat tissue of Hu sheep (short-fat-tailed) and Tibetan sheep (short-thin-tailed). In this study, 155 differentially expression miRNAs (DE miRNAs) were identified, including 78 up-regulated and 77 down-regulated. Among these DE miRNAs, 17 miRNAs were reported and related with lipid metabolism. MiRanda and RNAhybrid software were used to predict the target genes of DE miRNAs, obtaining the number of targeting relationships is 38553. Target genes were enriched by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). 742 terms and 302 single pathways are enriched, including lipid metabolic process, response to lipid, cellular lipid catabolic process, lipid catabolic process, cellular lipid metabolic process, inositol lipid-mediated signaling, calcium channel activity, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ECM-receptor interaction, AMPK signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway and TGF-beta signaling pathway. Notably, miR-379-5p was associated with tail fat deposition of sheep. Dual-Luciferase reporter assays showed miR-379-5p and HOXC9 had targeted relationship. The result of RT-qPCR showed that the expression trend of miR-379-5p and HOXC9 was opposite. miR-379-5p was down-regulated and highly expressed in tail adipose tissue of Tibetan sheep. HOXC9 was highly expressed in adipose tissue of Hu sheep. These results could provide a meaningful theoretical basis for studying the molecular mechanisms of sheep tail adipogenesis.
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26
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Liu T, Guo Y, Lu C, Cai C, Gao P, Cao G, Li B, Guo X, Yang Y. Effect of Different Pig Fecal Microbiota Transplantation on Mice Intestinal Function and Microbiota Changes During Cold Exposure. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:805815. [PMID: 35498721 PMCID: PMC9044030 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.805815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress influences intestinal processes, causing physiological and immunological responses in animals. Intestinal microbiota participates in maintaining the stability of the intestinal environment. However, phenotypic characteristics and the effects of porcine microbiota changes under cold conditions remain poorly understood. Here, the fecal microbiota of cold tolerant breed (Mashen) and cold sensitive breed (Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire) was transferred to germ-free mice, respectively. After a cold exposure (4°C) for 21 days, intestinal function and microbe changes of mice were explored. The results showed that Mashen pigs microbiota transplantation made the body temperature of the mice stable, in which the fat weight and expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B (Cpt1b), and Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator (PGC-1α) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those of the control group. The results of intestinal structure and expression of serum inflammatory factors showed that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) mice have more intact intestinal structure and high expression of proinflammatory factor such as interleukin-4 (IL-4). The study of mice fecal microbiome characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing found that pig microbiota transplantation changed the abundance of Firmicutes. In addition, it identified discriminative features of Firmicutes in the microbiota between two breeds of pig, in which Clostridiaceae were enriched in the microbiota community of Mashen pig and Coriobacteriales were significantly (P < 0.05) enriched in the Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pig microbiota transplantation group based on linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis. Finally, we found that the content of propionic acid and butyric acid in rectal contents significantly changed and the abundances of Clostridium and Lachnospira showed significant correlations with changes in short-chain fatty acids. The results suggest that pig fecal microbiota transplantation can alleviate the changes in physiological and biochemical indicators in mice caused by cold exposure. Mice have gut microbes altered and improved gut barrier function via fecal microbiota transplantation in pigs.
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Jiang N, Yang M, Han Y, Zhao H, Sun L. PRDM16 Regulating Adipocyte Transformation and Thermogenesis: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870250. [PMID: 35462933 PMCID: PMC9024053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that obesity and diabetes have been major public health concerns and that disease morbidities have been rising continuously, effective treatment for these diseases is urgently needed. Because adipose tissue metabolism is involved in the progression of obesity and diabetes, it might be efficient to target adipocyte metabolic pathways. Positive regulatory domain zinc finger region protein 16 (PRDM16), a transcription factor that is highly expressed in adipocytes, plays a key role in adipose tissue metabolism, such as the browning and thermogenesis of adipocytes, the beigeing of adipocytes, the adipogenic differentiation of myoblasts, and the conversion of visceral adipocytes to subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, clinical and basic studies have shown that the expression of PRDM16 is associated with obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 signaling participates in the treatment of the two diseases. For example, metformin promotes thermogenesis and alleviates obesity by activating the AMPK/αKG/PRDM16 signaling pathway; rosiglitazone alleviates obesity under the synergistic effect of PRDM16; resveratrol plays an antiobesity role by inducing the expression of PRDM16; liraglupeptide improves insulin resistance by inducing the expression of PRDM16; and mulberry leaves play an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetes role by activating the expression of brown fat cell marker genes (including PRDM16). In this review, we summarize the evidence of PRDM16 involvement in the progression of obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 may be a promising therapy for obesity and diabetes.
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Brasil Brandao B, Lino M, Kahn CR. Extracellular miRNAs as mediators of obesity-associated disease. J Physiol 2022; 600:1155-1169. [PMID: 34392542 PMCID: PMC8845532 DOI: 10.1113/jp280910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular miRNAs are found in a variety of body fluids and mediate intercellular and interorgan communication, thus regulating gene expression and cellular metabolism. These miRNAs are secreted either in small vesicles/exosomes (sEV) or bound to proteins such as Argonaute and high-density lipoprotein. Both exosomal and protein-bound circulating miRNAs are altered in obesity. Although all tissues can contribute to changes in circulating miRNAs, adipose tissue itself is an important source of these miRNAs, especially those in sEVs. These are derived from both adipocytes and macrophages and participate in crosstalk between these cells, as well as peripheral tissues, including liver, skeletal muscle and pancreas, whose function may be impaired in obesity. Changes in levels of circulating miRNAs have also been linked to the beneficial effects induced by weight loss interventions, including diet, exercise and bariatric surgery, further indicating a role for these miRNAs as mediators of disease pathogenesis. Here, we review the role of circulating miRNAs in the pathophysiology of obesity and explore their potential use as biomarkers and in therapy of obesity-associated metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Brasil Brandao
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Marsel Lino
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
| | - C. Ronald Kahn
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215
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Rodríguez‐Barrueco R, Latorre J, Devis‐Jáuregui L, Lluch A, Bonifaci N, Llobet FJ, Olivan M, Coll‐Iglesias L, Gassner K, Davis ML, Moreno‐Navarrete JM, Castells‐Nobau A, Plata‐Peña L, Dalmau‐Pastor M, Höring M, Liebisch G, Olkkonen VM, Arnoriaga‐Rodríguez M, Ricart W, Fernández‐Real JM, Silva JM, Ortega FJ, Llobet‐Navas D. A microRNA Cluster Controls Fat Cell Differentiation and Adipose Tissue Expansion By Regulating SNCG. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104759. [PMID: 34898027 PMCID: PMC8811811 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The H19X-encoded miR-424(322)/503 cluster regulates multiple cellular functions. Here, it is reported for the first time that it is also a critical linchpin of fat mass expansion. Deletion of this miRNA cluster in mice results in obesity, while increasing the pool of early adipocyte progenitors and hypertrophied adipocytes. Complementary loss and gain of function experiments and RNA sequencing demonstrate that miR-424(322)/503 regulates a conserved genetic program involved in the differentiation and commitment of white adipocytes. Mechanistically, it is demonstrated that miR-424(322)/503 targets γ-Synuclein (SNCG), a factor that mediates this program rearrangement by controlling metabolic functions in fat cells, allowing adipocyte differentiation and adipose tissue enlargement. Accordingly, diminished miR-424(322) in mice and obese humans co-segregate with increased SNCG in fat and peripheral blood as mutually exclusive features of obesity, being normalized upon weight loss. The data unveil a previously unknown regulatory mechanism of fat mass expansion tightly controlled by the miR-424(322)/503 through SNCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Rodríguez‐Barrueco
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
- Anatomy UnitDepartment of Pathology and Experimental TherapySchool of MedicineUniversity of Barcelona (UB)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08907Spain
| | - Jessica Latorre
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Laura Devis‐Jáuregui
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
| | - Aina Lluch
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
| | - Nuria Bonifaci
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Francisco J. Llobet
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
| | - Mireia Olivan
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
- Anatomy UnitDepartment of Pathology and Experimental TherapySchool of MedicineUniversity of Barcelona (UB)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08907Spain
| | - Laura Coll‐Iglesias
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
| | - Katja Gassner
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Meredith L. Davis
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
- Department of PathologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNC27710USA
| | - José M. Moreno‐Navarrete
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Anna Castells‐Nobau
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
| | - Laura Plata‐Peña
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
| | - Miki Dalmau‐Pastor
- Anatomy UnitDepartment of Pathology and Experimental TherapySchool of MedicineUniversity of Barcelona (UB)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08907Spain
- MIFAS by GRECMIP (Minimally Invasive Foot and Ankle Society)Merignac33700France
| | - Marcus Höring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineRegensburg University HospitalRegensburg93053Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory MedicineRegensburg University HospitalRegensburg93053Germany
| | - Vesa M. Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research (Biomedicum 2U)and Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinki00290Finland
| | - Maria Arnoriaga‐Rodríguez
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Wifredo Ricart
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - José M. Fernández‐Real
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - José M. Silva
- Department of PathologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNY10029USA
| | - Francisco J. Ortega
- Department of DiabetesEndocrinology, and Nutrition (UDEN)Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IDIBGI)Salt17190Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - David Llobet‐Navas
- Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology‐Oncobell ProgramBellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL)L'Hospitalet de Llobregat08908Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC)Instituto de Salud Carlos III, (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
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Wang M, Ma W, Wang Q, Yang Q, Yan X, Tang H, Li Z, Li Y, Feng S, Wang Z. Flavonoid-enriched extract from Millettia speciosa Champ prevents obesity by regulating thermogenesis and lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:445-459. [PMID: 35154681 PMCID: PMC8825741 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Millettia speciosa (M. speciosa) Champ is a medicinal and edible plant. The roots are rich in flavonoids, which possess multiple biological activities, including lipid-lowering effects. This study aimed to explore the effect of flavonoid-enriched extract from M. speciosa (FMS) on obesity. The UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis and chromatographic analysis were adopted to identify flavonoid compounds in FMS. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed with a high-fat diet for 3 months and were then treated with FMS (50 or 100 mg/kg/d) or Orlistat (10 mg kg-1 d-1) for another 8 weeks. A total of 35 flavonoids were identified in the extract of M. speciosa root. FMS reduced body weight gain, liver weight gain, white adipose tissue, lipid accumulation, and blood glucose. The levels of TG, ALT, AST, and inflammatory-related adipokines (TNF-α and IL-6) in serum were also reduced by FMS. In addition, FMS promoted thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue and induced the activation of lipolysis, fatty acid oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation in white adipose tissues. In summary, long-term administration of FMS could ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity by stimulating adipose thermogenesis and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao‐Yuan Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Wen‐Yu Ma
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant DiversityFairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen & Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Qing‐Long Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Qing Yang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Xiao‐Xia Yan
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Huan Tang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Zhi‐Ying Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Ying‐Ying Li
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Xiu Feng
- Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Plant DiversityFairy Lake Botanical GardenShenzhen & Chinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenChina
| | - Zhu‐Nian Wang
- Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern ChinaTropical Crops Genetic Resources InstituteMinistry of AgricultureHaikouChina
- Tropical Wild Plant Gene ResourceMinistry of Agriculture/National Genebank of Tropical CropsDanzhouChina
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31
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Kornmueller K, Amri EZ, Scheideler M, Prassl R. Delivery of miRNAs to the adipose organ for metabolic health. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114110. [PMID: 34995679 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity and diabetes, there is no efficient treatment to combat these epidemics. The adipose organ is the main site for energy storage and plays a pivotal role in whole body lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis, including remodeling and dysfunction of adipocytes and adipose tissues in obesity and diabetes. Thus, restoring and balancing metabolic functions in the adipose organ is in demand. MiRNAs represent a novel class of drugs and drug targets, as they are heavily involved in the regulation of many cellular and metabolic processes and diseases, likewise in adipocytes. In this review, we summarize key regulatory activities of miRNAs in the adipose organ, discuss various miRNA replacement and inhibition strategies, promising delivery systems for miRNAs and reflect the future of novel miRNA-based therapeutics to target adipose tissues with the ultimate goal to combat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Kornmueller
- Department of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marcel Scheideler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Prassl
- Department of Biophysics, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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32
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Abstract
An extensive literature base combined with advances in sequencing technologies demonstrate microRNA levels correlate with various metabolic diseases. Mechanistic studies also establish microRNAs regulate central metabolic pathways and thus play vital roles in maintaining organismal energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. This review highlights research progress on the roles and regulation of microRNAs in the peripheral tissues that confer insulin sensitivity. We discuss sequencing technologies used to comprehensively define the target spectrum of microRNAs in metabolic disease that complement studies reporting physiologic roles for microRNAs in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models. We also discuss the emerging roles of exosomal microRNAs as endocrine signals to regulate lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ho Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: Sean M. Hartig, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM185, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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33
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The obesity epidemic is on the rise, and while it is well known that obesity is associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea, recent data has highlighted that the degree and type of fat distribution may play a bigger role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) than body mass index (BMI) alone. We aim to review updated data on adipose tissue inflammation and distribution and CVD. RECENT FINDINGS We review the pathophysiology of inflammation secondary to adipose tissue, the association of obesity-related adipokines and CVD, and the differences and significance of brown versus white adipose tissue. We delve into the clinical manifestations of obesity-related inflammation in CVD. We discuss the available data on heterogeneity of adipose tissue-related inflammation with a focus on subcutaneous versus visceral adipose tissue, the differential pathophysiology, and clinical CVD manifestations of adipose tissue across sex, race, and ethnicity. Finally, we present the available data on lifestyle modification, medical, and surgical therapeutics on reduction of obesity-related inflammation. Obesity leads to a state of chronic inflammation which significantly increases the risk for CVD. More research is needed to develop non-invasive VAT quantification indices such as risk calculators which include variables such as sex, age, race, ethnicity, and VAT concentration, along with other well-known CVD risk factors in order to comprehensively determine risk of CVD in obese patients. Finally, pre-clinical biomarkers such as pro-inflammatory adipokines should be validated to estimate risk of CVD in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam N Rana
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ian J Neeland
- Department of Medicine, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals, 11100 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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miR-21 mimic blocks obesity in mice: A novel therapeutic option. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:401-416. [PMID: 34552821 PMCID: PMC8426473 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are promising drug targets for obesity and metabolic disorders. Recently, miRNA mimics are providing a unique mechanism of action that guides the process for drug development and sets out the context of their therapeutic application. miRNA (miR)-21 expression in white adipose tissue (WAT) has been associated with obesity. We aimed to analyze miR-21 expression levels in relation to diabetes and obesity to determine the effect that miR-21 mimic has on processes involved in WAT functionality, to dissect the underlying molecular mechanisms, and to study the potential therapeutic application of the miR-21 mimic against obesity. We found higher miR-21 levels in WAT from non-diabetic obese compared to normoweight humans and mice. Moreover, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, miR-21 mimic affect genes involved in WAT functionality regulation and significantly increase the expression of genes involved in browning and thermogenesis. Interestingly, in vivo treatment with the miR-21 mimic blocked weight gain induced by a high-fat diet in obese mice, without modifying food intake or physical activity. This was associated with metabolic enhancement, WAT browning, and brown adipose tissue (AT) thermogenic programming through vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), p53, and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) signaling pathways. Our findings suggest that miR-21 mimic-based therapy may provide a new opportunity to therapeutically manage obesity and consequently, its associated alterations.
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microRNAs in Human Adipose Tissue Physiology and Dysfunction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123342. [PMID: 34943849 PMCID: PMC8699244 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a large amount of evidence on the role of microRNA (miRNA) in regulating adipose tissue physiology. Indeed, miRNAs control critical steps in adipocyte differentiation, proliferation and browning, as well as lipolysis, lipogenesis and adipokine secretion. Overnutrition leads to a significant change in the adipocyte miRNOME, resulting in adipose tissue dysfunction. Moreover, via secreted mediators, dysfunctional adipocytes may impair the function of other organs and tissues. However, given their potential to control cell and whole-body energy expenditure, miRNAs also represent critical therapeutic targets for treating obesity and related metabolic complications. This review attempts to integrate present concepts on the role miRNAs play in adipose tissue physiology and obesity-related dysfunction and data from pre-clinical and clinical studies on the diagnostic or therapeutic potential of miRNA in obesity and its related complications.
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36
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Gao W, Liu JL, Lu X, Yang Q. Epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:480-499. [PMID: 34289049 PMCID: PMC8530523 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally. Although modern adoption of a sedentary lifestyle coupled with energy-dense nutrition is considered to be the main cause of obesity epidemic, genetic preposition contributes significantly to the imbalanced energy metabolism in obesity. However, the variants of genetic loci identified from large-scale genetic studies do not appear to fully explain the rapid increase in obesity epidemic in the last four to five decades. Recent advancements of next-generation sequencing technologies and studies of tissue-specific effects of epigenetic factors in metabolic organs have significantly advanced our understanding of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity. The epigenome, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, and RNA-mediated processes, is characterized as mitotically or meiotically heritable changes in gene function without alteration of DNA sequence. Importantly, epigenetic modifications are reversible. Therefore, comprehensively understanding the landscape of epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism could unravel novel molecular targets for obesity treatment. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications such as methylation and acetylation, and RNA-mediated processes in regulating energy metabolism. We also discuss the effects of lifestyle modifications and therapeutic agents on epigenetic regulation of energy metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Gao
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jia-Li Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
- Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, UC Irvine Diabetes Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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O'Connor S, Murphy EA, Szwed SK, Kanke M, Marchildon F, Sethupathy P, Darnell RB, Cohen P. AGO HITS-CLIP reveals distinct miRNA regulation of white and brown adipose tissue identity. Genes Dev 2021; 35:771-781. [PMID: 33832988 PMCID: PMC8091975 DOI: 10.1101/gad.345447.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNAs that associate with Argonaute (AGO) to influence mRNA stability and translation, thereby regulating cellular determination and phenotype. While several individual miRNAs have been shown to control adipocyte function, including energy storage in white fat and energy dissipation in brown fat, a comprehensive analysis of miRNA activity in these tissues has not been performed. We used high-throughput sequencing of RNA isolated by cross-linking immunoprecipitation (HITS-CLIP) to comprehensively characterize the network of high-confidence, in vivo mRNA:miRNA interactions across white and brown fat, revealing >20,000 unique AGO binding sites. When coupled with miRNA and mRNA sequencing, we found an inverse correlation between depot-enriched miRNAs and their targets. To illustrate the functionality of our HITS-CLIP data set in identifying specific miRNA:mRNA interactions, we show that miR-29 is a novel regulator of leptin, an adipocyte-derived hormone that coordinates food intake and energy homeostasis. Two independent miR-29 binding sites in the leptin 3' UTR were validated using luciferase assays, and miR-29 gain and loss of function modulated leptin mRNA and protein secretion in primary adipocytes. This work represents the only experimentally generated miRNA targetome in adipose tissue and identifies multiple regulatory pathways that may specify the unique identities of white and brown fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean O'Connor
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Murphy
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sarah K Szwed
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA.,Weill-Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Matt Kanke
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - François Marchildon
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Praveen Sethupathy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Robert B Darnell
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuro-Oncology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Afonso MS, Verma N, van Solingen C, Cyr Y, Sharma M, Perie L, Corr EM, Schlegel M, Shanley LC, Peled D, Yoo JY, Schmidt AM, Mueller E, Moore KJ. MicroRNA-33 Inhibits Adaptive Thermogenesis and Adipose Tissue Beiging. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:1360-1373. [PMID: 33657886 PMCID: PMC8011606 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.315798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Milessa Silva Afonso
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Narendra Verma
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Coen van Solingen
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Yannick Cyr
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Monika Sharma
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Luce Perie
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Emma M. Corr
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Martin Schlegel
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Lianne C. Shanley
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Daniel Peled
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Jenny Y. Yoo
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Elisabetta Mueller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York 10016
| | - Kathryn J Moore
- Department of Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University School of Medicine, New York, 10016, USA
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Wang G, Wang F, Zhang L, Yan C, Zhang Y. miR-133a silencing rescues glucocorticoid-induced bone loss by regulating the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:215. [PMID: 33781345 PMCID: PMC8008567 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is recognized as critical to the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO), suggesting the potential of MSC-targeting interventions for this disorder. As the miR-133a has been shown to play an important role in bone metabolism, we hypothesized that miR-133a may also be involved in GIO. METHODS In the in vitro study, we examined the effect of miR-133a antagomir on DEX-treated MSCs, including proliferation, apoptosis, osteoblast, and adipocyte differentiation, then, we explored the mechanism of these effects of miR-133a silencing through measuring the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and its regulator FGFR1 via western blot and qRT-PCR. In the in vivo study, we developed a GIO rat model by injecting methylprednisolone and modulated the miR-133a expression in the femur by intramedullary injection of the miR-133a antagomir, and then micro-CT analyses and histological staining of the femurs were used to investigate the effect of miR-133a silencing on bone loss of the GIO rats. RESULTS qRT-PCR analysis indicated that glucocorticoid induced high miR-133a expression in MSCs and animal models. The in vitro study showed that miR-133a antagomir significantly promoted cell proliferation, viability, and osteoblast differentiation and inhibited adipocyte differentiation in DEX-treated MSCs. Furthermore, the expression of p-ERK1/2 and FGFR1 in DEX-treated MSCs was also upregulated by miR-133a antagomir. Then we investigated the effect of miR-133a silencing on the bone architecture of GIO models, micro-CT analysis showed that miR-133a antagomir attenuated the loss of bone mass and improved the trabecular and cortical parameters induced by methylprednisolone. Histological study showed that miR-133a silencing simultaneously increased bone formation and decreased marrow fat accumulation in GIO rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested that miR-133a is strongly associated with GIO and similar disorders induced by glucocorticoids in MSCs. Silencing miR-133a resulted in positive effects on GC-treated MSCs and on bone loss in GIO animal models. Moreover, the FGFR1-MAPK/ERK signaling may be involved in the protective effect of miR-133a silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Lecheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China
| | - Yuelei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei, 230000, China.
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All-trans-retinoic acid ameliorates atherosclerosis, promotes perivascular adipose tissue browning, and increases adiponectin production in Apo-E mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4451. [PMID: 33627760 PMCID: PMC7904836 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83939-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA), an active metabolite of vitamin A, exerts a potential role in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that atRA ameliorates atherosclerosis while the exact mechanism underlying this protection remains unknown. This study investigated the influence of atRA on insulin resistance (IR), atherosclerosis, and the process of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) browning. Moreover, syntheses of adiponectin, adipokine with anti-atherogenic effects, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, were determined in PVAT. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (Apo-E) and control C57BL/6J wild-type mice were treated with atRA (5 mg/kg/day) or vehicle (corn oil) by plastic feeding tubes for 8 weeks. Long-term atRA treatment in Apo-E mice did not affect insulin resistance. AtRa administration ameliorated atherosclerosis, induced PVAT browning, and increased adiponectin production in PVAT in Apo-E mice. Furthermore, atRA increased nitric oxide (NO) level but did not affect adiponectin concentration in the aorta of Apo-E mice. These results indicate that atRA ameliorates atherosclerosis in Apo-E mice. We also observed the browning of PVAT. Besides, atRA increased the synthesis of adiponectin in PVAT and augmented NO level in the aorta in ApoE mice.
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Płatek T, Polus A, Góralska J, Raźny U, Dziewońska A, Micek A, Dembińska-Kieć A, Solnica B, Malczewska-Malec M. Epigenetic Regulation of Processes Related to High Level of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Obese Subjects. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:307. [PMID: 33670024 PMCID: PMC7926457 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesised that epigenetics may play an important role in mediating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) resistance in obesity. We aimed to evaluate DNA methylation changes and miRNA pattern in obese subjects associated with high serum FGF21 levels. The study included 136 participants with BMI 27-45 kg/m2. Fasting FGF21, glucose, insulin, GIP, lipids, adipokines, miokines and cytokines were measured and compared in high serum FGF21 (n = 68) group to low FGF21 (n = 68) group. Human DNA Methylation Microarrays were analysed in leukocytes from each group (n = 16). Expression of miRNAs was evaluated using quantitative PCR-TLDA. The study identified differentially methylated genes in pathways related to glucose transport, insulin secretion and signalling, lipid transport and cellular metabolism, response to nutrient levels, thermogenesis, browning of adipose tissue and bone mineralisation. Additionally, it detected transcription factor genes regulating FGF21 and fibroblast growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor pathways regulation. Increased expression of hsa-miR-875-5p and decreased expression of hsa-miR-133a-3p, hsa-miR-185-5p and hsa-miR-200c-3p were found in the group with high serum FGF21. These changes were associated with high FGF21, VEGF and low adiponectin serum levels. Our results point to a significant role of the epigenetic regulation of genes involved in metabolic pathways related to FGF21 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Płatek
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Anna Polus
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Joanna Góralska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Urszula Raźny
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Dziewońska
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Agnieszka Micek
- Department of Nursing Management and Epidemiology Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 25 Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Aldona Dembińska-Kieć
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
| | - Małgorzata Malczewska-Malec
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 15a Kopernika Street, 31-501 Krakow, Poland; (A.P.); (J.G.); (U.R.); (A.D.); (A.D.-K.); (B.S.); (M.M.-M.)
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MicroRNA expression patterns in the brown fat of hibernating 13-lined ground squirrels. Genomics 2021; 113:769-781. [PMID: 33529780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The sequence diversity of microRNAs (miRNAs) allows these potent regulators of mRNA fate to bind multiple transcripts, giving them the power to inhibit diverse cellular processes. Therefore, miRNAs may regulate metabolic rate suppression (also termed torpor), an adaptation used by capable species to reduce energy expenditure, minimize tissue damage, and prolong life. Small RNA-sequencing of brown fat from control (37 °C) and torpid (5-8 °C) ground squirrels revealed a central role for miRNAs in torpor. Unsupervised clustering analysis of all 319 conserved miRNAs showed separation of control and torpor samples, which was supported by PCA analysis. Of the 76 miRNAs that were differentially expressed, 45 were upregulated during torpor. KEGG and GO analyses suggested these miRNAs inhibit genes within the ribosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways. Some of the most downregulated miRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-206 and miR-133a/b) had significant Pearson correlation coefficients, suggesting these myomiRs may be co-expressed in control animals. Only 3 of the 16 enriched KEGG pathways were less targeted by miRNAs during torpor, including cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions and the coagulation and complement cascades, suggesting epigenetic or post-translation modifications may inhibit these potentially damaging processes. Alternatively, their activation could promote damage sensing, wound repair, and improve tissue homeostasis. Overall, miRNA-seq analysis of brown fat revealed a strong role for miRNAs in the downregulation of central metabolic processes necessary for MRS, and highlighted miRNAs that could be inhibited by antagomiRs to promote brown fat activity in potential obesity treatments, or that could be used to replicate torpor in non-hibernating mammals.
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Lou P, Bi X, Tian Y, Li G, Kang Q, Lv C, Song Y, Xu J, Sheng X, Yang X, Liu R, Meng Q, Ren F, Plikus MV, Liang B, Zhang B, Guo H, Yu Z. MiR-22 modulates brown adipocyte thermogenesis by synergistically activating the glycolytic and mTORC1 signaling pathways. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3607-3623. [PMID: 33664851 PMCID: PMC7914365 DOI: 10.7150/thno.50900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates chemical energy as heat and has the potential to be a protective strategy to prevent obesity. microRNAs (miRNAs) are emerging as important posttranscriptional factors affecting the thermogenic function of BAT. However, the regulatory mechanism underlying miRNA-mediated energy metabolism in BAT is not fully understood. Here, we explored the roles of miR-22 in BAT thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Methods: Using global and conditional knockout mice as in vivo models and primary brown adipocytes as an in vitro system, we investigated the function of miR-22 in BAT thermogenesis in vivo and in vitro. Results: miR-22 expression was upregulated in BAT in response to cold exposure and during brown preadipocyte differentiation. Both global and conditional knockout mice displayed BAT whitening, impaired cold tolerance, and decreased BAT thermogenesis. Moreover, we found that miR-22 deficiency impaired BAT glycolytic capacity, which is critical for thermogenesis. The mechanistic results revealed that miR-22 activated the mTORC1 signaling pathway by directly suppressing Tsc1 and concomitantly directly suppressing Hif1an, an inhibitor of Hif1α, which promotes glycolysis and maintains thermogenesis. Conclusions: Our findings identify miR-22 as a critical regulator in the control of thermogenesis in BAT and as a potential therapeutic target for human metabolic disorders.
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Nanduri R. Epigenetic Regulators of White Adipocyte Browning. EPIGENOMES 2021; 5:3. [PMID: 34968255 PMCID: PMC8594687 DOI: 10.3390/epigenomes5010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes play an essential role in maintaining energy homeostasis in mammals. The primary function of white adipose tissue (WAT) is to store energy; for brown adipose tissue (BAT), primary function is to release fats in the form of heat. Dysfunctional or excess WAT can induce metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia, obesity, and diabetes. Preadipocytes or adipocytes from WAT possess sufficient plasticity as they can transdifferentiate into brown-like beige adipocytes. Studies in both humans and rodents showed that brown and beige adipocytes could improve metabolic health and protect from metabolic disorders. Brown fat requires activation via exposure to cold or β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonists to protect from hypothermia. Considering the fact that the usage of β-AR agonists is still in question with their associated side effects, selective induction of WAT browning is therapeutically important instead of activating of BAT. Hence, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing white adipocyte browning is vital. At the same time, it is also essential to understand the factors that define white adipocyte identity and inhibit white adipocyte browning. This literature review is a comprehensive and focused update on the epigenetic regulators crucial for differentiation and browning of white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Nanduri
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Shinde AB, Song A, Wang QA. Brown Adipose Tissue Heterogeneity, Energy Metabolism, and Beyond. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:651763. [PMID: 33953697 PMCID: PMC8092391 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.651763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocyte in brown adipose tissue (BAT) specializes in expending energy through non-shivering thermogenesis, a process that produces heat either by uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) dependent uncoupling of mitochondrial respiration or by UCP1 independent mechanisms. Apart from this, there is ample evidence suggesting that BAT has an endocrine function. Studies in rodents point toward its vital roles in glucose and lipid homeostasis, making it an important therapeutic target for treating metabolic disorders related to morbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The rediscovery of thermogenically active BAT depots in humans by several independent research groups in the last decade has revitalized interest in BAT as an even more promising therapeutic intervention. Over the last few years, there has been overwhelming interest in understanding brown adipocyte's developmental lineages and how brown adipocyte uniquely utilizes energy beyond UCP1 mediated uncoupling respiration. These new discoveries would be leveraged for designing novel therapeutic interventions for metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Babaji Shinde
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anying Song
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Qiong A. Wang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Qiong A. Wang,
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Rocha AL, de Lima TI, de Souza GP, Corrêa RO, Ferrucci DL, Rodrigues B, Lopes-Ramos C, Nilsson D, Knittel TL, Castro PR, Fernandes MF, Dos Santos Martins F, Parmigiani RB, Silveira LR, Carvalho HF, Auwerx J, Vinolo MAR, Boucher J, Mori MA. Enoxacin induces oxidative metabolism and mitigates obesity by regulating adipose tissue miRNA expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/49/eabc6250. [PMID: 33268375 PMCID: PMC7710362 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abc6250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been implicated in oxidative metabolism and brown/beige adipocyte identity. Here, we tested whether widespread changes in miRNA expression promoted by treatment with the small-molecule enoxacin cause browning and prevent obesity. Enoxacin mitigated diet-induced obesity in mice, and this was associated with increased energy expenditure. Consistently, subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissues and skeletal muscle of enoxacin-treated mice had higher levels of markers associated with thermogenesis and oxidative metabolism. These effects were cell autonomous since they were recapitulated in vitro in murine and human cell models. In preadipocytes, enoxacin led to a reduction of miR-34a-5p expression and up-regulation of its target genes (e.g., Fgfr1, Klb, and Sirt1), thus increasing FGF21 signaling and promoting beige adipogenesis. Our data demonstrate that enoxacin counteracts obesity by promoting thermogenic signaling and inducing oxidative metabolism in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle in a mechanism that involves, at least in part, miRNA-mediated regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Livia Rocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tanes Imamura de Lima
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gerson Profeta de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Renan Oliveira Corrêa
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Danilo Lopes Ferrucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Department of Adapted Physical Activity, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes-Ramos
- Center of Molecular Oncology, Sírio-Libanês Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Daniel Nilsson
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thiago Leite Knittel
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Pollyana Ribeiro Castro
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Mariane Font Fernandes
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Flaviano Dos Santos Martins
- Laboratory of Biotherapeutics Agents, Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Leonardo Reis Silveira
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Hernandes F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Photonics Applied to Cell Biology (INFABiC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Aurélio R Vinolo
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcelo A Mori
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
- Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, São Paulo School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Program in Biotechnology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (OCRC), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), Campinas, Brazil
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Gharanei S, Shabir K, Brown JE, Weickert MO, Barber TM, Kyrou I, Randeva HS. Regulatory microRNAs in Brown, Brite and White Adipose Tissue. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112489. [PMID: 33207733 PMCID: PMC7696849 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a class of short noncoding RNAs which regulate gene expression by targeting messenger RNA, inducing translational repression and messenger RNA degradation. This regulation of gene expression by miRNAs in adipose tissue (AT) can impact on the regulation of metabolism and energy homeostasis, particularly considering the different types of adipocytes which exist in mammals, i.e., white adipocytes (white AT; WAT), brown adipocytes (brown AT; BAT), and inducible brown adipocytes in WAT (beige or brite or brown-in-white adipocytes). Indeed, an increasing number of miRNAs has been identified to regulate key signaling pathways of adipogenesis in BAT, brite AT, and WAT by acting on transcription factors that promote or inhibit adipocyte differentiation. For example, MiR-328, MiR-378, MiR-30b/c, MiR-455, MiR-32, and MiR-193b-365 activate brown adipogenesis, whereas MiR-34a, MiR-133, MiR-155, and MiR-27b are brown adipogenesis inhibitors. Given that WAT mainly stores energy as lipids, whilst BAT mainly dissipates energy as heat, clarifying the effects of miRNAs in different types of AT has recently attracted significant research interest, aiming to also develop novel miRNA-based therapies against obesity, diabetes, and other obesity-related diseases. Therefore, this review presents an up-to-date comprehensive overview of the role of key regulatory miRNAs in BAT, brite AT, and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seley Gharanei
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Kiran Shabir
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | - James E. Brown
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Martin O. Weickert
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Centre of Applied Biological & Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK
| | - Thomas M. Barber
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Ioannis Kyrou
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
| | - Harpal S. Randeva
- Warwickshire Institute for the Study of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (WISDEM), University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry CV2 2DX, UK; (S.G.); (M.O.W.); (T.M.B.); (I.K.)
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (K.S.); (J.E.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Heyn GS, Corrêa LH, Magalhães KG. The Impact of Adipose Tissue-Derived miRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:563816. [PMID: 33123088 PMCID: PMC7573351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.563816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial and complex condition that is characterized by abnormal and excessive white adipose tissue accumulation, which can lead to the development of metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, and several types of cancer. Obesity is characterized by excessive adipose tissue accumulation and associated with alterations in immunity, displaying a chronic low-grade inflammation profile. Adipose tissue is a dynamic and complex endocrine organ composed not only by adipocytes, but several immunological cells, which can secrete hormones, cytokines and many other factors capable of regulating metabolic homeostasis and several critical biological pathways. Remarkably, adipose tissue is a major source of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs), recently described as a novel form of adipokines. Several adipose tissue-derived miRNAs are deeply associated with adipocytes differentiation and have been identified with an essential role in obesity-associated inflammation, insulin resistance, and tumor microenvironment. During obesity, adipose tissue can completely change the profile of the secreted miRNAs, influencing circulating miRNAs and impacting the development of different pathological conditions, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. In this review, we discuss how miRNAs can act as epigenetic regulators affecting adipogenesis, adipocyte differentiation, lipid metabolism, browning of the white adipose tissue, glucose homeostasis, and insulin resistance, impacting deeply obesity and metabolic diseases. Moreover, we characterize how miRNAs can often act as oncogenic and tumor suppressor molecules, significantly modulating cancer establishment and progression. Furthermore, we highlight in this manuscript how adipose tissue-derived miRNAs can function as important new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
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49
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Liu J, Liu F. The Yin and Yang function of microRNAs in insulin signalling and cancer. RNA Biol 2020; 18:24-32. [PMID: 32746694 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1804236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Data accumulated over the past several decades uncover a vital role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in various biological processes. It is well established that, by binding to target mRNAs, miRNAs act as post-transcription suppressors to inhibit mRNA translation and/or to promote mRNA degradation. Very recently, miRNAs have been found to act as positive regulators to promote gene transcription. In this review, we briefly summarize the regulation and functional roles of miRNAs in metabolic diseases and cancer development. We also review recent advances on the mechanisms by which miRNAs regulate gene expression, focusing on their unconventional roles as enhancers to promote gene expression. Given the high potential of miRNAs as biomarkers for risk assessment and as high-value targets for therapy, a better understanding of the Yin-Yang functional feature of miRNAs and their mechanisms of action could have significant clinical implications for the treatment of various diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanhong Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, China.,Departments of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio , San Antonio, TX, USA
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Zhang Z, Jiang H, Li X, Chen X, Huang Y. MiR-92a regulates brown adipocytes differentiation, mitochondrial oxidative respiration, and heat generation by targeting SMAD7. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3825-3836. [PMID: 31692088 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipocytes are rich in mitochondria and linked to the body's blood fat levels and obesity. MiR-92a is negatively correlated with the activity of brown adipocytes. This study aimed to explore the mechanism of miR-92a on brown adipocytes. The expression of miR-92a in C2C12 cell was detected by a quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). C2C12 cells were induced to brown adipocytes. The direct target gene of miR-92a was determined using the dual-luciferase reporter assay. Brown adipocytes were treated with isoprenaline (Iso) and transfected by miR-92a inhibitor and siSMAD7. The expression of heat-producing genes and adipose differentiation genes related to brown adipocytes were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The expression of SMAD7, p-SMAD2, and p-SMAD3 were detected using Western blot analysis. The mitochondrial content was measured by mitotracker fluorescent staining. MiR-92a inhibitor significantly decreased the expression of miR-92a in C2C12 cells. MiR-92a inhibitor could upregulate the expression of Ucp1, Cox7a1, Elovl3, Ppargc1α, PPARγ, and FABP4, and its effect on Ucp1 was increased after the treatment of isoprenaline. Moreover, miR-92a inhibitor increased mitochondrial content, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the expression of SMAD7 and suppressed the expressions of p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3, whereas miR-92a directly targeted SMAD7 to exert its inhibitory effects. SiSMAD7 reversed the effects of the inhibitor on heat-producing genes, mitochondrial content, OCR and the expressions of SMAD7, p-SMAD2, and p-SMAD3 in brown adipocytes. Blocking miR-92a might promote brown adipocytes differentiation, mitochondrial oxidative respiration, and thermogenesis by targeting SMAD7 to inhibit the expressions of p-SMAD2 and p-SMAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipin Zhang
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huixin Jiang
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yihua Huang
- Child Care Clinic, Ruian Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Ruian, Zhejiang Province, China
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