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Ji X, Wang W, Li J, Liu L, Yue H. Oxidation-reduction process of Arabidopsis thaliana roots induced by bisphenol compounds based on RNA-seq analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2025; 148:188-197. [PMID: 39095156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Bisphenol compounds (BPs) have various industrial uses and can enter the environment through various sources. To evaluate the ecotoxicity of BPs and identify potential gene candidates involved in the plant toxicity, Arabidopsis thaliana was exposed to bisphenol A (BPA), BPB, BPE, BPF, and BPS at 1, 3, 10 mg/L for a duration of 14 days, and their growth status were monitored. At day 14, roots and leaves were collected for internal BPs exposure concentration detection, RNA-seq (only roots), and morphological observations. As shown in the results, exposure to BPs significantly disturbed root elongation, exhibiting a trend of stimulation at low concentration and inhibition at high concentration. Additionally, BPs exhibited pronounced generation of reactive oxygen species, while none of the pollutants caused significant changes in root morphology. Internal exposure concentration analysis indicated that BPs tended to accumulate in the roots, with BPS exhibiting the highest level of accumulation. The results of RNA-seq indicated that the shared 211 differently expressed genes (DEGs) of these 5 exposure groups were enriched in defense response, generation of precursor metabolites, response to organic substance, response to oxygen-containing, response to hormone, oxidation-reduction process and so on. Regarding unique DEGs in each group, BPS was mainly associated with the redox pathway, BPB primarily influenced seed germination, and BPA, BPE and BPF were primarily involved in metabolic signaling pathways. Our results provide new insights for BPs induced adverse effects on Arabidopsis thaliana and suggest that the ecological risks associated with BPA alternatives cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Center for Ecological Public Health Security of Yellow River Basin, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Jiande Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Liangpo Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Coal Environmental Pathogenicity and Prevention, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
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2
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Wu BS, Chen XF, Rao RY, Hua D, Huang WL, Chen WS, Yang LT, Huang ZR, Ye X, Wu J, Chen LS. Both hormones and energy-rich compounds play a role in the mitigation of elevated pH on aluminum toxicity in Citrus sinensis leaves. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 283:116975. [PMID: 39216222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The contribution of plant hormones and energy-rich compounds and their metabolites (ECMs) in alleviating aluminum (Al) toxicity by elevated pH remains to be clarified. For the first time, a targeted metabolome was applied to identify Al-pH-interaction-responsive hormones and ECMs in Citrus sinensis leaves. More Al-toxicity-responsive hormones and ECMs were identified at pH 4.0 [4 (10) upregulated and 7 (17) downregulated hormones (ECMs)] than those at pH 3.0 [1 (9) upregulated and 4 (14) downregulated hormones (ECMs)], suggesting that the elevated pH improved the adaptation of hormones and ECMs to Al toxicity in leaves. The roles of hormones and ECMs in reducing leaf Al toxicity mediated by elevated pH might include the following aspects: (a) improved leaf growth by upregulating the levels of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine (JA-ILE), 6-benzyladenosine (BAPR), N6-isopentenyladenosine (IPR), cis-zeatin-O-glucoside riboside (cZROG), and auxins (AUXs), preventing Al toxicity-induced reduction of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis, and avoiding jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense; (b) enhanced biosynthesis and accumulation of tryptophan (TRP), as well as the resulting increase in biosynthesis of auxin, melatonin and secondary metabolites (SMs); (c) improved ability to maintain the homeostasis of ATP and other phosphorus (P)-containing ECMs; and (d) enhanced internal detoxification of Al due to increased organic acid (OA) and SM accumulation and elevated ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to enhanced SM accumulation. To conclude, the current results corroborate the hypotheses that elevated pH reduces Al toxicity by upregulating the ability to maintain the homeostasis of ATP and other P-containing ECMs in leaves under Al toxicity and (b) hormones participate in the elevated pH-mediated alleviation of Al toxicity by positively regulating growth, the ability to detoxify ROS, and the internal detoxification of Al in leaves under Al toxicity. Our findings provide novel insights into the roles of hormones and ECMs in mitigating Al toxicity mediated by the elevated pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi-Sha Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants/Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Xu-Feng Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Rong-Yu Rao
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Dan Hua
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wei-Lin Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Wen-Shu Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Lin-Tong Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Zeng-Rong Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Xin Ye
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Jincheng Wu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants/Key Laboratory of Ecological Environment and Information Atlas, Fujian Provincial University, College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Wu X, Chen X, Zhang D, Hu X, Ding W, Wang Y, Li G, Dong N, Hu H, Hu T, Ru Z. Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals the underlying toxicological mechanisms of enrofloxacin on the growth of wheat seedling roots. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 477:135303. [PMID: 39067300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The continuous release of antibiotics into agroecosystems has raised concerns about the potential negative effects of antibiotic residues on crops. In this study, the toxicological effects of enrofloxacin (ENR) on wheat seedlings were analyzed using a combination of morpho-physiological, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic approaches. ENR inhibited the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) roots and induced oxidative stress. In particular, ENR downregulated the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, while it enhanced glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, thereby regulating the balance of intracellular energy metabolism. In addition, sustained exposure to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) resulted in an increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), a slight decrease in ascorbic acid (AsA), and a significant decrease in the ratio of GSH to oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which imbalanced the AsA-GSH cycle. In addition, the resulting increase in abnormal proteins triggered ubiquitin-independent proteasomal degradation pathways. Further, an increase in abscisic acid (ABA) and a decrease in jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives alleviated the inhibitory effect of ENR on the growth of wheat roots. In conclusion, direct damage and signaling by ROS, hormonal regulation, a decrease in the GSH to GSSG ratio, and insufficient energy supply were identified as key factors for the significant inhibition of wheat root growth under ENR stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wu
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Xiangdong Chen
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Dazhong Zhang
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Xigui Hu
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Weihua Ding
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Yuquan Wang
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Gan Li
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Na Dong
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Haiyan Hu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Tiezhu Hu
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China
| | - Zhengang Ru
- Center of Wheat Research, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Hybrid Wheat, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 450003, China.
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Kenfaoui J, Dutilloy E, Benchlih S, Lahlali R, Ait-Barka E, Esmaeel Q. Bacillus velezensis: a versatile ally in the battle against phytopathogens-insights and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:439. [PMID: 39145847 PMCID: PMC11327198 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13255-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
The escalating interest in Bacillus velezensis as a biocontrol agent arises from its demonstrated efficacy in inhibiting both phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria, positioning it as a promising candidate for biotechnological applications. This mini review aims to offer a comprehensive exploration of the multifaceted properties of B. velezensis, with particular focus on its beneficial interactions with plants and its potential for controlling phytopathogenic fungi. The molecular dialogues involving B. velezensis, plants, and phytopathogens are scrutinized to underscore the intricate mechanisms orchestrating these interactions. Additionally, the review elucidates the mode of action of B. velezensis, particularly through cyclic lipopeptides, highlighting their importance in biocontrol and promoting plant growth. The agricultural applications of B. velezensis are detailed, showcasing its role in enhancing crop health and productivity while reducing reliance on chemical pesticides. Furthermore, the review extends its purview in the industrial and environmental arenas, highlighting its versatility across various sectors. By addressing challenges such as formulation optimization and regulatory frameworks, the review aims to chart a course for the effective utilization of B. velezensis. KEY POINTS: • B. velezensis fights phytopathogens, boosting biotech potential • B. velezensis shapes agri-biotech future, offers sustainable solutions • Explores plant-B. velezensis dialogue, lipopeptide potential showcased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Kenfaoui
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, RIBP USC 1488, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Emma Dutilloy
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, RIBP USC 1488, 51100, Reims, France
- Microbial Processes and Interactions Laboratory, Terra Teaching and Research Center, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Salma Benchlih
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, RIBP USC 1488, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Department of Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, Ecole Nationale d'Agriculture de Meknès, Km10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, 50001, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Essaid Ait-Barka
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, RIBP USC 1488, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, INRAE, RIBP USC 1488, 51100, Reims, France.
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Zhang W, Gundel PE, Jáuregui R, Card SD, Mace WJ, Johnson RD, Bastías DA. The growth promotion in endophyte symbiotic plants does not penalise the resistance to herbivores and bacterial microbiota. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:2865-2878. [PMID: 38616528 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
A trade-off between growth and defence against biotic stresses is common in plants. Fungal endophytes of the genus Epichloë may relieve this trade-off in their host grasses since they can simultaneously induce plant growth and produce antiherbivore alkaloids that circumvent the need for host defence. The Epichloë ability to decouple the growth-defence trade-off was evaluated by subjecting ryegrass with and without Epichloë endophytes to an exogenous treatment with gibberellin (GA) followed by a challenge with Rhopalosiphum padi aphids. In agreement with the endophyte-mediated trade-off decoupling hypothesis, the GA-derived promotion of plant growth increased the susceptibility to aphids in endophyte-free plants but did not affect the insect resistance in endophyte-symbiotic plants. In line with the unaltered insect resistance, the GA treatment did not reduce the concentration of Epichloë-derived alkaloids. The Epichloë mycelial biomass was transiently increased by the GA treatment but at the expense of hyphal integrity. The response of the phyllosphere bacterial microbiota to both GA treatment and Epichloë was also evaluated. Only Epichloë, and not the GA treatment, altered the composition of the phyllosphere microbiota and the abundance of certain bacterial taxa. Our findings clearly demonstrate that Epichloë does indeed relieve the plant growth-defence trade-off.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Pedro E Gundel
- Centro de Ecología Integrativa, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ruy Jáuregui
- Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Stuart D Card
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Wade J Mace
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard D Johnson
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Daniel A Bastías
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Zhang Y, Zhou X, Liu L, Wang S, Zhang Y, Wu M, Lu Z, Ming Z, Tao J, Xiong J. Highly-Aligned All-Fiber Actuator with Asymmetric Photothermal-Humidity Response and Autonomous Perceptivity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404696. [PMID: 38923035 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Soft robots adapt to complex environments for autonomous locomotion, manipulation, and perception are attractive for robot-environment interactions. Strategies to reconcile environment-triggered actuation and self-powered sensing responses to different stimuli remain challenging. By tuning the in situ vapor phase solvent exchange effect in continuous electrospinning, an asymmetric highly-aligned all-fiber membrane (HAFM) with a hierarchical "grape-like" nanosphere-assembled microfiber structure (specific surface area of 13.6 m2 g-1) and excellent mechanical toughness (tensile stress of 5.5 MPa, and fracture toughness of 798 KJ m-3) is developed, which shows efficient asymmetric actuation to both photothermal and humidity stimuli. The HAFM consists of a metal-organic framework (MOF)-enhanced moisture-responsive layer and an MXene-improved photothermal-responsive layer, which achieves substantial actuation with a bending curvature up to ≈7.23 cm-1 and a fast response of 0.60 cm-1 s-1. By tailoring the fiber alignment and bi-layer thickness ratio, different types of micromanipulators, automatic walking robots, and plant robots with programmable structures are demonstrated, which are realized for self-powered information perception of material type, object moisture, and temperature by integrating the autonomous triboelectric effect induced by photothermal-moisture actuation. This work presents fiber materials with programable hierarchical asymmetries and inspires a common strategy for self-powered organism-interface robots to interact with complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Xinran Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Luyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Mengjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zeren Lu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Zechang Ming
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Jin Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
- Department of Textile, Garment and Design, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou, 215500, China
| | - Jiaqing Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, and College of Textiles, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
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Li H, Jiang X, Mashiguchi K, Yamaguchi S, Lu S. Biosynthesis and signal transduction of plant growth regulators and their effects on bioactive compound production in Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen). Chin Med 2024; 19:102. [PMID: 39049014 PMCID: PMC11267865 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-024-00971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are involved in multiple aspects of plant life, including plant growth, development, and response to environmental stimuli. They are also vital for the formation of secondary metabolites in various plants. Salvia miltiorrhiza is a famous herbal medicine and has been used commonly for > 2000 years in China, as well as widely used in many other countries. S. miltiorrhiza is extensively used to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in clinical practices and has specific merit against various diseases. Owing to its outstanding medicinal and commercial potential, S. miltiorrhiza has been extensively investigated as an ideal model system for medicinal plant biology. Tanshinones and phenolic acids are primary pharmacological constituents of S. miltiorrhiza. As the growing market for S. miltiorrhiza, the enhancement of its bioactive compounds has become a research hotspot. S. miltiorrhiza exhibits a significant response to various PGRs in the production of phenolic acids and tanshinones. Here, we briefly review the biosynthesis and signal transduction of PGRs in plants. The effects and mechanisms of PGRs on bioactive compound production in S. miltiorrhiza are systematically summarized and future research is discussed. This article provides a scientific basis for further research, cultivation, and metabolic engineering in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Xuwen Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao, 266109, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Bairuijia Food Co., Ltd, No. 8008, Yi Road, Laizhou, Yantai, 261400, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kiyoshi Mashiguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Yamaguchi
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan.
| | - Shanfa Lu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, No. 151 Malianwa North Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Renganathan P, Puente EOR, Sukhanova NV, Gaysina LA. Hydroponics with Microalgae and Cyanobacteria: Emerging Trends and Opportunities in Modern Agriculture. BIOTECH 2024; 13:27. [PMID: 39051342 PMCID: PMC11270261 DOI: 10.3390/biotech13030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The global population is expected to reach 9.5 billion, which means that crop productivity needs to double to meet the growing population's food demand. Soil degradation and environmental factors, such as climate events, significantly threaten crop production and global food security. Furthermore, rapid urbanization has led to 55% of the world's population migrating to cities, and this proportion is expected to increase to 75% by 2050, which presents significant challenges in producing staple foods through conventional hinterland farming. Numerous studies have proposed various sustainable farming techniques to combat the shortage of farmable land and increase food security in urban areas. Soilless farming techniques such as hydroponics have gained worldwide popularity due to their resource efficiency and production of superior-quality fresh products. However, using chemical nutrients in a conventional hydroponic system can have significant environmental impacts, including eutrophication and resource depletion. Incorporating microalgae into hydroponic systems as biostimulants offers a sustainable and ecofriendly approach toward circular bioeconomy strategies. The present review summarizes the plant growth-promoting activity of microalgae as biostimulants and their mechanisms of action. We discuss their effects on plant growth parameters under different applications, emphasizing the significance of integrating microalgae into a closed-loop circular economy model to sustainably meet global food demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhaharan Renganathan
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, 450000 Ufa, Russia; (P.R.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Edgar Omar Rueda Puente
- Departamento de Agricultura y Ganadería, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales, Hermosillo 83000, Sonora, Mexico;
| | - Natalia V. Sukhanova
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, 450000 Ufa, Russia; (P.R.); (N.V.S.)
| | - Lira A. Gaysina
- Department of Bioecology and Biological Education, M. Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, 450000 Ufa, Russia; (P.R.); (N.V.S.)
- All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, 143050 Bolshye Vyazemy, Russia
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9
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Hua D, Rao RY, Chen WS, Yang H, Shen Q, Lai NW, Yang LT, Guo J, Huang ZR, Chen LS. Adaptive Responses of Hormones to Nitrogen Deficiency in Citrus sinensis Leaves and Roots. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1925. [PMID: 39065452 PMCID: PMC11280038 DOI: 10.3390/plants13141925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Some citrus orchards in China often experience nitrogen (N) deficiency. For the first time, targeted metabolomics was used to examine N-deficient effects on hormones in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Xuegan) leaves and roots. The purpose was to validate the hypothesis that hormones play a role in N deficiency tolerance by regulating root/shoot dry weight ratio (R/S), root system architecture (RSA), and leaf and root senescence. N deficiency-induced decreases in gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels and increases in cis(+)-12-oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) levels, ethylene production, and salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis might contribute to reduced growth and accelerated senescence in leaves. The increased ethylene formation in N-deficient leaves might be caused by increased 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid and OPDA and decreased abscisic acid (ABA). N deficiency increased R/S, altered RSA, and delayed root senescence by lowering cytokinins, jasmonic acid, OPDA, and ABA levels and ethylene and SA biosynthesis, increasing 5-deoxystrigol levels, and maintaining IAA and gibberellin homeostasis. The unchanged IAA concentration in N-deficient roots involved increased leaf-to-root IAA transport. The different responses of leaf and root hormones to N deficiency might be involved in the regulation of R/S, RSA, and leaf and root senescence, thus improving N use efficiency, N remobilization efficiency, and the ability to acquire N, and hence conferring N deficiency tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li-Song Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (D.H.); (R.-Y.R.); (W.-S.C.); (H.Y.); (Q.S.); (N.-W.L.); (L.-T.Y.); (J.G.); (Z.-R.H.)
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10
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Abdelhamid SA, Abo Elsoud MM, El-Baz AF, Nofal AM, El-Banna HY. Optimisation of indole acetic acid production by Neopestalotiopsis aotearoa endophyte isolated from Thymus vulgaris and its impact on seed germination of Ocimum basilicum. BMC Biotechnol 2024; 24:46. [PMID: 38971771 PMCID: PMC11227711 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-024-00872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial growth during plant tissue culture is a common problem that causes significant losses in the plant micro-propagation system. Most of these endophytic microbes have the ability to propagate through horizontal and vertical transmission. On the one hand, these microbes provide a rich source of several beneficial metabolites. RESULTS The present study reports on the isolation of fungal species from different in vitro medicinal plants (i.e., Breynia disticha major, Breynia disticha, Duranta plumieri, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, Rosmarinus officinalis, and Ocimum basilicum l) cultures. These species were tested for their indole acetic acid (IAA) production capability. The most effective species for IAA production was that isolated from Thymus vulgaris plant (11.16 µg/mL) followed by that isolated from sweet basil plant (8.78 µg/mL). On screening for maximum IAA productivity, medium, "MOS + tryptophan" was chosen that gave 18.02 μg/mL. The macroscopic, microscopic examination and the 18S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that the isolate that given code T4 was identified as Neopestalotiopsis aotearoa (T4). The production of IAA by N. aotearoa was statistically modeled using the Box-Behnken design and optimized for maximum level, reaching 63.13 µg/mL. Also, IAA extract was administered to sweet basil seeds in vitro to determine its effect on plant growth traits. All concentrations of IAA extract boosted germination parameters as compared to controls, and 100 ppm of IAA extract exhibited a significant growth promotion effect for all seed germination measurements. CONCLUSIONS The IAA produced from N. aotearoa (T4) demonstrated an essential role in the enhancement of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) growth, suggesting that it can be employed to promote the plant development while lowering the deleterious effect of using synthetic compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeda A Abdelhamid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - A F El-Baz
- Department of Industrial Biotechnology, GEBRI, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Nofal
- Department of Sustainable Development, Environmental Studies and Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Menofia, Egypt
| | - Heba Y El-Banna
- Department of Vegetable and Floriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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11
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Shao Z, Chen CY, Qiao H. How chromatin senses plant hormones. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102592. [PMID: 38941723 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Plant hormones activate receptors, initiating intracellular signaling pathways. Eventually, hormone-specific transcription factors become active in the nucleus, facilitating hormone-induced transcriptional regulation. Chromatin plays a fundamental role in the regulation of transcription, the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is converted into RNA. The structure of chromatin, a complex of DNA and proteins, directly influences the accessibility of genes to the transcriptional machinery. The different signaling pathways and transcription factors involved in the transmission of information from the receptors to the nucleus have been readily explored, but not so much for the specific mechanisms employed by the cell to ultimately instruct the chromatin changes necessary for a fast and robust transcription activation, specifically for plant hormone responses. In this review, we will focus on the advancements in understanding how chromatin receives plant hormones, facilitating the changes necessary for fast, robust, and specific transcriptional regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyao Shao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Chia-Yang Chen
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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12
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Heslop-Harrison G, Nakabayashi K, Espinosa-Ruiz A, Robertson F, Baines R, Thompson CRL, Hermann K, Alabadí D, Leubner-Metzger G, Williams RSB. Functional mechanism study of the allelochemical myrigalone A identifies a group of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene biosynthesis in plants. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100846. [PMID: 38460510 PMCID: PMC11211550 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Allelochemicals represent a class of natural products released by plants as root, leaf, and fruit exudates that interfere with the growth and survival of neighboring plants. Understanding how allelochemicals function to regulate plant responses may provide valuable new approaches to better control plant function. One such allelochemical, Myrigalone A (MyA) produced by Myrica gale, inhibits seed germination and seedling growth through an unknown mechanism. Here, we investigate MyA using the tractable model Dictyostelium discoideum and reveal that its activity depends on the conserved homolog of the plant ethylene synthesis protein 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO). Furthermore, in silico modeling predicts the direct binding of MyA to ACO within the catalytic pocket. In D. discoideum, ablation of ACO mimics the MyA-dependent developmental delay, which is partially restored by exogenous ethylene, and MyA reduces ethylene production. In Arabidopsis thaliana, MyA treatment delays seed germination, and this effect is rescued by exogenous ethylene. It also mimics the effect of established ACO inhibitors on root and hypocotyl extension, blocks ethylene-dependent root hair production, and reduces ethylene production. Finally, in silico binding analyses identify a range of highly potent ethylene inhibitors that block ethylene-dependent response and reduce ethylene production in Arabidopsis. Thus, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism by which the allelochemical MyA reduces ethylene biosynthesis and identify a range of ultrapotent inhibitors of ethylene-regulated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Heslop-Harrison
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kazumi Nakabayashi
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Ana Espinosa-Ruiz
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Francesca Robertson
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK; Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robert Baines
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher R L Thompson
- Centre for Life's Origins and Evolution, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - David Alabadí
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-UPV), 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Gerhard Leubner-Metzger
- Centre for Plant Molecular Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Robin S B Williams
- Centre for Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK.
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13
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Yang B, Federmann P, Warth V, Ren M, Mu X, Wu H, Bäckvall JE. Total Synthesis of Strigolactones via Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Carbonylative Carbocyclization of Enallenes. Org Lett 2024; 26:4637-4642. [PMID: 38805214 PMCID: PMC11165582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Here we report an efficient route for synthesizing strigolactones (SLs) and their derivatives. Our method relies on a palladium-catalyzed oxidative carbonylation/carbocyclization/carbonylation/alkoxylation cascade reaction, which involves the formation of three new C-C bonds and a new C-O bond while cleaving one C(sp3)-H bond in a single step. With our versatile synthetic strategy, both naturally occurring and artificial SLs were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- School
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Patrick Federmann
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Warth
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mingzhe Ren
- School
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Xin Mu
- School
of Chemistry, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan-E. Bäckvall
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Wang Y, Li X, Mo Y, Jiang C, Zhou Y, Hu J, Zhang Y, Lv J, Zhao K, Lu Z. Identification and expression profiling of SmGATA genes family involved in response to light and phytohormones in eggplant. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1415921. [PMID: 38863540 PMCID: PMC11165305 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1415921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
GATA proteins are transcription factors of zinc finger proteins, which play an important role in plant growth development and abiotic stress. However, there have been no identification or systematic studies of the GATA gene family in eggplant. In this study, 28 SmGATA genes were identified in the genome database of eggplant, which could be divided into four subgroups. Plant development, hormones, and stress-related cis-acting elements were identified in promoter regions of the SmGATA gene family. RT-qPCR indicated that 4 SmGATA genes displayed upregulated expressions during fruit developmental stage, whereas 2 SmGATA genes were down-regulated expression patterns. It was also demonstrated that SmGATA genes may be involved in light signals to regulate fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the expression patterns of SmGATA genes under ABA, GA and MeJA treatments showed that the SmGATAs were involved in the process of fruit ripening. Notably, SmGATA4 and SmGATA23 were highly correlated with the expression of anthocyanin biosynthesis genes, light-responsive genes, and genes that function in multiple hormone signaling pathways and the proteins they encoded were localized in the nucleus. All these results showed GATA genes likely play a major role in regulating fruit anthocyanin biosynthesis by integrating the light, ABA, GA and MeJA signaling pathways and provided references for further research on fruit quality in eggplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunrong Mo
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Caiqian Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Jingyi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Youling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Junheng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biology of Yunnan Province, College of Landscape and Horticulture, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenya Lu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, National Academy of Agriculture Green Development, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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15
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Yang C, Fredua-Agyeman R, Hwang SF, Gorim LY, Strelkov SE. Genome-wide association studies of root system architecture traits in a broad collection of Brassica genotypes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1389082. [PMID: 38863549 PMCID: PMC11165082 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The root systems of Brassica species are complex. Eight root system architecture (RSA) traits, including total root length, total root surface area, root average diameter, number of tips, total primary root length, total lateral root length, total tertiary root length, and basal link length, were phenotyped across 379 accessions representing six Brassica species (B. napus, B. juncea, B. carinata, B. oleracea, B. nigra, and B. rapa) using a semi-hydroponic system and image analysis software. The results suggest that, among the assessed species, B. napus and B. oleracea had the most intricate and largest root systems, while B. nigra exhibited the smallest roots. The two species B. juncea and B. carinata shared comparable root system complexity and had root systems with larger root diameters. In addition, 313 of the Brassica accessions were genotyped using a 19K Brassica single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. After filtering by TASSEL 5.0, 6,213 SNP markers, comprising 5,103 markers on the A-genome (covering 302,504 kb) and 1,110 markers on the C-genome (covering 452,764 kb), were selected for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Two general linear models were tested to identify the genomic regions and SNPs associated with the RSA traits. GWAS identified 79 significant SNP markers associated with the eight RSA traits investigated. These markers were distributed across the 18 chromosomes of B. napus, except for chromosome C06. Sixty-five markers were located on the A-genome, and 14 on the C-genome. Furthermore, the major marker-trait associations (MTAs)/quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with root traits were located on chromosomes A02, A03, and A06. Brassica accessions with distinct RSA traits were identified, which could hold functional, adaptive, evolutionary, environmental, pathological, and breeding significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rudolph Fredua-Agyeman
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Stephen E. Strelkov
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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16
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Gasperini D, Howe GA. Phytohormones in a universe of regulatory metabolites: lessons from jasmonate. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:135-154. [PMID: 38290050 PMCID: PMC11060663 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule phytohormones exert control over plant growth, development, and stress responses by coordinating the patterns of gene expression within and between cells. Increasing evidence indicates that currently recognized plant hormones are part of a larger group of regulatory metabolites that have acquired signaling properties during the evolution of land plants. This rich assortment of chemical signals reflects the tremendous diversity of plant secondary metabolism, which offers evolutionary solutions to the daunting challenges of sessility and other unique aspects of plant biology. A major gap in our current understanding of plant regulatory metabolites is the lack of insight into the direct targets of these compounds. Here, we illustrate the blurred distinction between classical phytohormones and other bioactive metabolites by highlighting the major scientific advances that transformed the view of jasmonate from an interesting floral scent to a potent transcriptional regulator. Lessons from jasmonate research generally apply to other phytohormones and thus may help provide a broad understanding of regulatory metabolite-protein interactions. In providing a framework that links small-molecule diversity to transcriptional plasticity, we hope to stimulate future research to explore the evolution, functions, and mechanisms of perception of a broad range of plant regulatory metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Gasperini
- Department of Molecular Signal Processing, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle 06120, Germany
| | - Gregg A Howe
- Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 42284, USA
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17
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Pastierovič F, Kalyniukova A, Hradecký J, Dvořák O, Vítámvás J, Mogilicherla K, Tomášková I. Biochemical Responses in Populus tremula: Defending against Sucking and Leaf-Chewing Insect Herbivores. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1243. [PMID: 38732458 PMCID: PMC11085190 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The main biochemical traits were estimated in poplar leaves under biotic attack (aphids and spongy moth infestation). Changes in the abundance of bioactive compounds in genetically uniform individuals of European aspen (Populus tremula), such as proline, polyphenolic compounds, chlorophylls a and b, and volatile compounds, were determined between leaves damaged by sucking insects (aphid-Chaitophorus nassonowi) and chewing insects (spongy moth-Lymantria dispar) compared to uninfected leaves. Among the nine analyzed phenolic compounds, only catechin and procyanidin showed significant differences between the control leaves and leaves affected by spongy moths or aphids. GC-TOF-MS volatile metabolome analysis showed the clear separation of the control versus aphids-infested and moth-infested leaves. In total, the compounds that proved to have the highest explanatory power for aphid-infested leaves were 3-hexenal and 5-methyl-2-furanone, and for moth-infested leaves, trans-α-farnesene and 4-cyanocyclohexane. The aphid-infested leaves contained around half the amount of chlorophylls and twice the amount of proline compared to uninfected leaves, and these results evidenced that aphids influence plant physiology more than chewing insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Pastierovič
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Alina Kalyniukova
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Ondřej Dvořák
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Jan Vítámvás
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
| | - Kanakachari Mogilicherla
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research (IIRR), Rajendra Nagar, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Ivana Tomášková
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Suchdol, 165 00 Praha, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (J.H.); (O.D.); (J.V.); or (K.M.); (I.T.)
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18
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Romero-Contreras YJ, González-Serrano F, Bello-López E, Formey D, Aragón W, Cevallos MÁ, Rebollar EA, Serrano M. Bacteria from the skin of amphibians promote growth of Arabidopsis thaliana and Solanum lycopersicum by modifying hormone-related transcriptome response. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:39. [PMID: 38615069 PMCID: PMC11016013 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Plants and microorganisms establish beneficial associations that can improve their development and growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that bacteria isolated from the skin of amphibians can contribute to plant growth and defense. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effect for the host are still unclear. In this work, we explored whether bacteria isolated from three tropical frogs species can contribute to plant growth. After a wide screening, we identified three bacterial strains with high biostimulant potential, capable of modifying the root structure of Arabidopsis thaliana plants. In addition, applying individual bacterial cultures to Solanum lycopersicum plants induced an increase in their growth. To understand the effect that these microorganisms have over the host plant, we analysed the transcriptomic profile of A. thaliana during the interaction with the C32I bacterium, demonstrating that the presence of the bacteria elicits a transcriptional response associated to plant hormone biosynthesis. Our results show that amphibian skin bacteria can function as biostimulants to improve agricultural crops growth and development by modifying the plant transcriptomic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan J Romero-Contreras
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | | | - Elena Bello-López
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Damien Formey
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Wendy Aragón
- Instituto de Biociencias, Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Blvd. Príncipe Akishino s/n, 30798, Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Cevallos
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Eria A Rebollar
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Mario Serrano
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Mexico.
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19
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Collins E, Shou H, Mao C, Whelan J, Jost R. Dynamic interactions between SPX proteins, the ubiquitination machinery, and signalling molecules for stress adaptation at a whole-plant level. Biochem J 2024; 481:363-385. [PMID: 38421035 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The plant macronutrient phosphorus is a scarce resource and plant-available phosphate is limiting in most soil types. Generally, a gene regulatory module called the phosphate starvation response (PSR) enables efficient phosphate acquisition by roots and translocation to other organs. Plants growing on moderate to nutrient-rich soils need to co-ordinate availability of different nutrients and repress the highly efficient PSR to adjust phosphate acquisition to the availability of other macro- and micronutrients, and in particular nitrogen. PSR repression is mediated by a small family of single SYG1/Pho81/XPR1 (SPX) domain proteins. The SPX domain binds higher order inositol pyrophosphates that signal cellular phosphorus status and modulate SPX protein interaction with PHOSPHATE STARVATION RESPONSE1 (PHR1), the central transcriptional regulator of PSR. Sequestration by SPX repressors restricts PHR1 access to PSR gene promoters. Here we focus on SPX4 that primarily acts in shoots and sequesters many transcription factors other than PHR1 in the cytosol to control processes beyond the classical PSR, such as nitrate, auxin, and jasmonic acid signalling. Unlike SPX1 and SPX2, SPX4 is subject to proteasomal degradation not only by singular E3 ligases, but also by SCF-CRL complexes. Emerging models for these different layers of control and their consequences for plant acclimation to the environment will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Collins
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Huixia Shou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya 572025, China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Chuanzao Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
| | - James Whelan
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, P.R. China
- The Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base on Engineering Biology, International Campus of Zhejiang University, Haining, Zhejiang 314400, China
| | - Ricarda Jost
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, School of Agriculture, Biomedicine and Environment, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Sustainable Agriculture and Food, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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Guo G, Liu L, Shen T, Wang H, Zhang S, Sun Y, Xiong G, Tang X, Zhu L, Jia B. Genome-wide identification of GA2ox genes family and analysis of PbrGA2ox1-mediated enhanced chlorophyll accumulation by promoting chloroplast development in pear. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:166. [PMID: 38433195 PMCID: PMC10910807 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04842-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorophyll (Chl) is an agronomic trait associated with photosynthesis and yield. Gibberellin 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) have previously been shown to be involved in Chl accumulation. However, whether and how the PbrGA2ox proteins (PbrGA2oxs) mediate Chl accumulation in pear (Pyrus spp.) is scarce. RESULTS Here, we aimed to elucidate the role of the pear GA2ox gene family in Chl accumulation and the related underlying mechanisms. We isolated 13 PbrGA2ox genes (PbrGA2oxs) from the pear database and identified PbrGA2ox1 as a potential regulator of Chl accumulation. We found that transiently overexpressing PbrGA2ox1 in chlorotic pear leaves led to Chl accumulation, and PbrGA2ox1 silencing in normal pear leaves led to Chl degradation, as evident by the regreening and chlorosis phenomenon, respectively. Meanwhile, PbrGA2ox1-overexpressing (OE) tobacco plants discernably exhibited Chl built-up, as evidenced by significantly higher Pn and Fv/Fm. In addition, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), physiological and biochemical investigations revealed an increase in abscisic acid (ABA), methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and salicylic acid (SA) concentrations and signaling pathways; a marked elevation in reducing and soluble sugar contents; and a marginal decline in the starch and sucrose levels in OE plants. Interestingly, PbrGA2ox1 overexpression did not prominently affect Chl synthesis. However, it indeed facilitated chloroplast development by increasing chloroplast number per cell and compacting the thylakoid granum stacks. These findings might jointly contribute to Chl accumulation in OE plants. CONCLUSION Overall, our results suggested that GA2oxs accelerate Chl accumulation by stimulating chloroplast development and proved the potential of PbrGA2ox1 as a candidate gene for genetically breeding biofortified pear plants with a higher yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoling Guo
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Lun Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Taijing Shen
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haozhe Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Guoyu Xiong
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xiaomei Tang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Liwu Zhu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Bing Jia
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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21
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Ji X, Gao Q, Zhuang Z, Chang F, Peng Y. WGCNA analysis of the effect of exogenous BR on leaf angle of maize mutant lpa1. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5238. [PMID: 38433245 PMCID: PMC10909878 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55835-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Leaf angle, as one of the important agronomic traits of maize, can directly affect the planting density of maize, thereby affecting its yield. Here we used the ZmLPA1 gene mutant lpa1 to study maize leaf angle and found that the lpa1 leaf angle changed significantly under exogenous brassinosteroid (BR) treatment compared with WT (inbred line B73). Transcriptome sequencing of WT and lpa1 treated with different concentrations of exogenous BR showed that the differentially expressed genes were upregulated with auxin, cytokinin and brassinosteroid; Genes associated with abscisic acid are down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes in WT and lpa1 by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) yielded two gene modules associated with maize leaf angle change under exogenous BR treatment. The results provide a new theory for the regulation of maize leaf angle by lpa1 and exogenous BR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhuo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Qiaohong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Zelong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Fangguo Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Yunling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
- Gansu Provincial Key Lab of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, China.
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22
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Yao X, Li R, Liu Y, Song P, Wu Z, Yan M, Luo J, Fan F, Wang Y. Feedback regulation of the isoprenoid pathway by SsdTPS overexpression has the potential to enhance plant tolerance to drought stress. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14277. [PMID: 38566271 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In order to maintain the dynamic physiological balance, plants are compelled to adjust their energy metabolism and signal transduction to cope with the abiotic stresses caused by complex and changeable environments. The diterpenoid natural compound and secondary metabolites, sclareol, derived from Salvia sclarea, has gained significant attention owing to its economic value as a spice material and diverse physiological activities. Here, we focused on the roles and regulatory mechanisms of the sclareol diterpene synthase gene SsdTPS in the resistance of S. sclarea to abiotic stresses. Our results suggested that abiotic stresses could induce the response and upregulation of SsdTPS expression and isoprenoid pathway in S. sclarea. Ectopic expression of SsdTPS conferred drought tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis, compared with wild-type. Overexpression of SsdTPS enhanced the transcription of ABA signal transduction synthetic regulators and induced the positive feedback upregulating key regulatory genes in the MEP pathway, thereby promoting the increase of ABA content and improving drought tolerance in transgenic plants. In addition, SsdTPS-overexpressed transgenic Arabidopsis improved the responses of stomatal regulatory genes and ROS scavenging enzyme activities and gene expression to drought stress. This promoted the stomatal closure and ROS reduction, thus enhancing water retention capacity and reducing oxidative stress damage. These findings unveil the potentially positive role of SsdTPS in orchestrating multiple regulatory mechanisms and maintaining homeostasis for improved abiotic stress resistance in S. sclarea, providing a novel insight into strategies for promoting drought resistance and cultivating highly tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
| | - Peng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
| | - Ziyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
| | - Meilin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
| | - Jinmei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
| | - Fenggui Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
- Shaanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Food and Drug Safety Monitoring, China
| | - Yingjuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shannxi Province, Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, Northwest University, China
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23
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Tong N, Zhang C, Xu X, Zhang Z, Li J, Liu Z, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Lin Y, Lai Z. Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of DWARF53 Gene in Response to GA and SL Related to Plant Height in Banana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:458. [PMID: 38337990 PMCID: PMC10857657 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Dwarfing is one of the common phenotypic variations in asexually reproduced progeny of banana, and dwarfed banana is not only windproof and anti-fallout but also effective in increasing acreage yield. As a key gene in the strigolactone signalling pathway, DWARF53 (D53) plays an important role in the regulation of the height of plants. In order to gain insight into the function of the banana D53 gene, this study conducted genome-wide identification of banana D53 gene based on the M. acuminata, M. balbisiana and M. itinerans genome database. Analysis of MaD53 gene expression under high temperature, low temperature and osmotic stress based on transcriptome data and RT-qPCR was used to analyse MaD53 gene expression in different tissues as well as in different concentrations of GA and SL treatments. In this study, we identified three MaD53, three MbD53 and two MiD53 genes in banana. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that D53 Musa are equally related to D53 Asparagales and Poales. Both high and low-temperature stresses substantially reduced the expression of the MaD53 gene, but osmotic stress treatments had less effect on the expression of the MaD53 gene. GR24 treatment did not significantly promote the height of the banana, but the expression of the MaD53 gene was significantly reduced in roots and leaves. GA treatment at 100 mg/L significantly promoted the expression of the MaD53 gene in roots, but the expression of this gene was significantly reduced in leaves. In this study, we concluded that MaD53 responds to GA and SL treatments, but "Yinniaijiao" dwarf banana may not be sensitive to GA and SL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zhongxiong Lai
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (N.T.); (C.Z.); (X.X.); (Z.Z.); (J.L.); (Z.L.); (Y.C.); (Z.Z.); (Y.H.); (Y.L.)
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24
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Karunarathne SI, Spokevicius AV, Bossinger G, Golz JF. Trees need closure too: Wound-induced secondary vascular tissue regeneration. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 339:111950. [PMID: 38070652 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Trees play a pivotal role in terrestrial ecosystems as well as being an important natural resource. These attributes are primarily associated with the capacity of trees to continuously produce woody tissue from the vascular cambium, a ring of stem cells located just beneath the bark. Long-lived trees are exposed to a myriad of biological and environmental stresses that may result in wounding, leading to a loss of bark and the underlying vascular cambium. This affects both wood formation and the quality of timber arising from the tree. In addition, the exposed wound site is a potential entry point for pathogens that cause disease. In response to wounding, trees have the capacity to regenerate lost or damaged tissues at this site. Investigating gene expression changes associated with different stages of wound healing reveals complex and dynamic changes in the activity of transcription factors, signalling pathways and hormone responses. In this review we summarise these data and discuss how they relate to our current understanding of vascular cambium formation and xylem differentiation during secondary growth. Based on this analysis, a model for wound healing that provides the conceptual foundations for future studies aimed at understanding this intriguing process is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachinthani I Karunarathne
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Antanas V Spokevicius
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Gerd Bossinger
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - John F Golz
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
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25
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Rathor P, Upadhyay P, Ullah A, Gorim LY, Thilakarathna MS. Humic acid improves wheat growth by modulating auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways. AOB PLANTS 2024; 16:plae018. [PMID: 38601216 PMCID: PMC11005776 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Humic acids have been widely used for centuries to enhance plant growth and productivity. The beneficial effects of humic acids have been attributed to different functional groups and phytohormone-like compounds enclosed in macrostructure. However, the mechanisms underlying the plant growth-promoting effects of humic acids are only partially understood. We hypothesize that the bio-stimulatory effect of humic acids is mainly due to the modulation of innate pathways of auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis in treated plants. A physiological investigation along with molecular characterization was carried out to understand the mechanism of bio-stimulatory effects of humic acid. A gene expression analysis was performed for the genes involved in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways in wheat seedlings. Furthermore, Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines generated by fusing the auxin-responsive DR5 and cytokinin-responsive ARR5 promoter to ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter were used to study the GUS expression analysis in humic acid treated seedlings. This study demonstrates that humic acid treatment improved the shoot and root growth of wheat seedlings. The expression of several genes involved in auxin (Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis and Gretchen Hagen 3.2) and cytokinin (Lonely Guy3) biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated in humic acid-treated seedlings compared to the control. Furthermore, GUS expression analysis showed that bioactive compounds of humic acid stimulate endogenous auxin and cytokinin-like activities. This study is the first report in which using ARR5:GUS lines we demonstrate the biostimulants activity of humic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod Rathor
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Punita Upadhyay
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Aman Ullah
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Linda Yuya Gorim
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Malinda S Thilakarathna
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Agriculture/Forestry Centre, University of Alberta, 9011-116St, NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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26
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Liu Q, Huang R, Tang J, Zhang H, Liu M, Fang Y. A Nanofilm-Based Fluorescent Sensor toward Highly Efficient Detection of Ethephon. Anal Chem 2024. [PMID: 38302113 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ethephon (ETH) is widely used to promote fruit ripening and improve fruit quality. However, improper use is harmful to human health and to the environmental safety. Therefore, development of the techniques for on-site and at real-time monitoring of ETH is of importance for its safe use. In this work, we developed a nanofilm-based fluorescence film sensor (FFS) and realized highly efficient detection of ETH in vapor phase, where the detection limit (DL) is <0.2 ppb, the response time is less than 10 s, and the interference is almost free. The unusual sensing performance of the sensor was ascribed to the specific binding of the nanofilm to ETH and to its great porosity, which enables efficient adlayer mass transfer, a requirement for high signal-to-noise ratio. Moreover, visualization-based qualitative sensing is also realized. The nanofilm, a key component of the sensor, was prepared at the humid air/DMSO interface. The building blocks used were a specially designed fluorescent o-carborane derivative (CB-2CHO) and a cross-linker BTN possessing three acylhydrazine groups. The nanofilm as prepared is flexible, uniform, thickness tunable, and photochemically super stable. We believe our effort not only addresses the challenging issue of on-site and at real-time detection of ETH but also provides another route for developing new FFSs via sensing film innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Xi'An Rare Matel Materials Institute Co. Ltd., Xi' an 710016, P. R. China
| | - Helan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Mei Liu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi' an 710062, P. R. China
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27
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Mu XR, Wang YB, Bao QX, Wei YT, Zhao ST, Tao WZ, Liu YX, Wang WN, Yu FH, Tong C, Wang JW, Gu CY, Wang QM, Liu XR, Sai N, Zhu JL, Zhang J, Loake GJ, Meng LS. Glucose status within dark-grown etiolated cotyledons determines seedling de-etiolation upon light irradiation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 194:391-407. [PMID: 37738410 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of dark-grown etiolated seedlings to light triggers the transition from skotomorphogenesis/etiolation to photomorphogenesis/de-etiolation. In the life cycle of plants, de-etiolation is essential for seedling development and plant survival. The mobilization of soluble sugars (glucose [Glc], sucrose, and fructose) derived from stored carbohydrates and lipids to target organs, including cotyledons, hypocotyls, and radicles, underpins de-etiolation. Therefore, dynamic carbohydrate biochemistry is a key feature of this phase transition. However, the molecular mechanisms coordinating carbohydrate status with the cellular machinery orchestrating de-etiolation remain largely opaque. Here, we show that the Glc sensor HEXOKINASE 1 (HXK1) interacts with GROWTH REGULATOR FACTOR5 (GRF5), a transcriptional activator and key plant growth regulator, in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Subsequently, GRF5 directly binds to the promoter of phytochrome A (phyA), encoding a far-red light (FR) sensor/cotyledon greening inhibitor. We demonstrate that the status of Glc within dark-grown etiolated cotyledons determines the de-etiolation of seedlings when exposed to light irradiation by the HXK1-GRF5-phyA molecular module. Thus, following seed germination, accumulating Glc within dark-grown etiolated cotyledons stimulates a HXK1-dependent increase of GRF5 and an associated decrease of phyA, triggering the perception, amplification, and relay of HXK1-dependent Glc signaling, thereby facilitating the de-etiolation of seedlings following light irradiation. Our findings, therefore, establish how cotyledon carbohydrate signaling under subterranean darkness is sensed, amplified, and relayed, determining the phase transition from skotomorphogenesis to photomorphogenesis on exposure to light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Rong Mu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Bo Wang
- College of Bioengineering and Biotechnology, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741600, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Xin Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Ting Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Zhe Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xin Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Ni Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Huan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Yue Gu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Meng Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Ran Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Sai
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Lei Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Gary J Loake
- Centre for Transformative Biotechnology of Medicinal and Food Plants, Jiangsu Normal University-Edinburgh University, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JR, UK
| | - Lai-Sheng Meng
- The Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, People's Republic of China
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28
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Quintana-Escobar AO, Bojórquez-Velázquez E, Ruiz-May E, Loyola-Vargas VM. Proteomic Approach during the Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Coffea canephora. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4095. [PMID: 38140424 PMCID: PMC10748034 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth regulators (PGR) are essential for somatic embryogenesis (SE) in different species, and Coffea canephora is no exception. In our study model, previously, we have been able to elucidate the participation of various genes involved in SE by using different strategies; however, until now, we have not used a proteomic approach. This research seeks to contribute to understanding the primary cellular pathways involved in developing SE in C. canephora. The process of our model consists of two stages: (1) preconditioning in MS medium with auxin (NAA) and cytokinin (KIN), and (2) induction in Yasuda liquid medium added with cytokinin (BA). Therefore, in this study, we analyzed different days of the SE induction process using shotgun label-free proteomics. An amount of 1630 proteins was found among different sampling days of the process, of which the majority were accumulated during the induction stage. We found that some of the most enriched pathways during this process were the biosynthesis of amino acids and secondary metabolites. Eighteen proteins were found related to auxin homeostasis and two to cytokinin metabolism, such as ABC, BIG, ILR, LOG, and ARR. Ten proteins and transcription factors related to SE were also identified, like SERK1, SKP1, nuclear transcription factor Y, MADS-box, and calreticulin, and 19 related to other processes of plant development, among which the 14-3-3 and PP2A proteins stand out. This is the first report on the proteomic approach to elucidate the mechanisms that operate during the induction of SE in C. canephora. So, our findings provide the groundwork for future, more in-depth research. Data are available via ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the dataset identifier PXD047172.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Odetth Quintana-Escobar
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida CP 97205, Yucatán, Mexico;
| | - Esaú Bojórquez-Velázquez
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa CP 91070, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.B.-V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Eliel Ruiz-May
- Red de Estudios Moleculares Avanzados, Clúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic®, Instituto de Ecología A.C. (INECOL), Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación el Haya, Xalapa CP 91070, Veracruz, Mexico; (E.B.-V.); (E.R.-M.)
| | - Víctor Manuel Loyola-Vargas
- Unidad de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular de Plantas, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43, No. 130 x 32 y 34, Mérida CP 97205, Yucatán, Mexico;
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Zhao C, Kleiman DE, Shukla D. Resolving binding pathways and solvation thermodynamics of plant hormone receptors. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105456. [PMID: 37949229 PMCID: PMC10704434 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones are small molecules that regulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. They are specifically recognized by the binding site of their receptors. In this work, we resolved the binding pathways for eight classes of phytohormones (auxin, jasmonate, gibberellin, strigolactone, brassinosteroid, cytokinin, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid) to their canonical receptors using extensive molecular dynamics simulations. Furthermore, we investigated the role of water displacement and reorganization at the binding site of the plant receptors through inhomogeneous solvation theory. Our findings predict that displacement of water molecules by phytohormones contributes to free energy of binding via entropy gain and is associated with significant free energy barriers for most systems analyzed. Also, our results indicate that displacement of unfavorable water molecules in the binding site can be exploited in rational agrochemical design. Overall, this study uncovers the mechanism of ligand binding and the role of water molecules in plant hormone perception, which creates new avenues for agrochemical design to target plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuankai Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Diego E Kleiman
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Diwakar Shukla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.
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30
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Tang L, Li D, Liu W, Sun Y, Dai Y, Cui W, Geng X, Li D, Song F, Sun L. Continuous In Vivo Monitoring of Indole-3-Acetic Acid and Salicylic Acid in Tomato Leaf Veins Based on an Electrochemical Microsensor. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1002. [PMID: 38131762 PMCID: PMC10742318 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid (SA), as critical plant hormones, are involved in multiple physiological regulatory processes of plants. Simultaneous and continuous in vivo detection of IAA and SA will help clarify the mechanisms of their regulation and crosstalk. First, this study reports the development and application of an electrochemical microsensor for simultaneous and continuous in vivo detection of IAA and SA. This electrochemical microsensor system consisted of a tip (length, 2 mm) of platinum wire (diameter, 0.1 mm) modified with carbon cement and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, an untreated tip (length, 2 mm) of platinum wire (diameter, 0.1 mm), as well as a tip (length, 2 mm) of Ag/AgCl wire (diameter, 0.1 mm). It was capable of detecting IAA in the level ranging from 0.1 to 30 µM and SA ranging from 0.1 to 50 µM based on the differential pulse voltammetry or amperometric i-t., respectively. The dynamics of IAA and SA levels in tomato leaf veins under high salinity stress were continuously detected in vivo, and very little damage occurred. Compared to conventional detection methods, the constructed microsensor is not only suitable for continuously detecting IAA and SA in microscopic plant tissue in vivo, it also reduces the damage done to plants during the detection. More importantly, the continuous and dynamic changes in IAA and SA data obtained in stiu through this system not only can help clarify the interaction mechanisms of IAA and SA in plants, it also helps to evaluate the health status of plants, which will promote the development of basic research in botany and precision agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Tang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
- Analysis and Testing Center, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Daodong Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Yafang Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Wenjing Cui
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Xinliu Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
| | - Dayong Li
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (D.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Fengming Song
- National Key Laboratory for Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (D.L.); (F.S.)
| | - Lijun Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China; (L.T.); (D.L.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (Y.D.); (W.C.); (X.G.)
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Shen Y, Shi Z, Zhao J, Li M, Tang J, Wang N, Mo Y, Yang T, Zhou X, Chen Q, Yang P. Whole genome sequencing provides evidence for Bacillus velezensis SH-1471 as a beneficial rhizosphere bacterium in plants. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20929. [PMID: 38017088 PMCID: PMC10684890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48171-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacillus is widely used in agriculture due to its diverse biological activities. We isolated a Bacillus velezensis SH-1471 from the rhizosphere soil of healthy tobacco, which has broad-spectrum antagonistic activity against a variety of plant pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, and can be colonized in the rhizosphere of a variety of plants. This study will further explore its mechanism by combining biological and molecular biology methods. SH-1471 contains a ring chromosome of 4,181,346 bp with a mean G + C content of 46.18%. We identified 14 homologous genes related to biosynthesis of resistant secondary metabolite, and three clusters encoded potential new antibacterial substances. It also contains a large number of genes from colonizing bacteria and genes related to plant bacterial interactions. It also contains genes related to environmental stress, as well as genes related to drug resistance. We also found that there are many metabolites in the strain that can inhibit the growth of pathogens. In addition, our indoor pot test found that SH-1471 has a good control effect on tomato wilt, and could significantly improve plant height, stem circumference, root length, root weight, and fresh weight and dry weight of the aboveground part of tomato seedlings. Therefore, SH-1471 is a potential biological control strain with important application value. The results of this study will help to further study the mechanism of SH-1471 in biological control of plant diseases and promote its application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxin Shen
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Zhufeng Shi
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Jiangyuan Zhao
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Minggang Li
- Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650106, China
| | - Jiacai Tang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Yanfang Mo
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Tongyu Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China
| | - Xudong Zhou
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Qibin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 655508, China.
| | - Peiweng Yang
- Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China.
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Lu X, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wang S, Liu X. The molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis gene, OsCNX1, is essential for seedling development and seed germination in rice. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:77. [PMID: 37916037 PMCID: PMC10616024 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) frequently occurs in rice due to the long spells of rainy weather, and causes severe yield loss and grain quality decrease. Here, we identified one PHS-related gene OsCNX1 cloned from rice PHS mutant, which encoded a molybdenum cofactor (MoCo) biosynthesis enzyme. Genetic complementation indicated OsCNX1 could rescue the PHS and seedling lethal phenotype of the mutant. Expression pattern showed that OsCNX1 was expressed in rice tissue including seedling shoot, culm, blade, and sheath of flag leaf, young panicle, and the seeds at different development stages. Overexpression of OsCNX1 significantly decreased the plant height, and the seed germination of the dormant seeds harvested from fresh panicles, comparing to the wild type (WT). In addition, 1492 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between OsCNX1-overexpressed line and WT by RNA-sequencing, which were mainly classified in plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction, and starch/sucrose metabolism. These results showed that OsCNX1 was not only necessary for rice seed germination, but also participated in plant development, indicating that OsCNX1 may be useful in rice breeding of PHS resistance and plant height. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01424-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Lu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Di Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Sheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Germplasm Enhancement, Physiology and Ecology of Food Crops in Cold Region, Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 Heilongjiang China
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Chen Z, Bai X, Zeng B, Fan C, Li X, Hu B. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of Acacia melanoxylon stem in response to boron deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1268835. [PMID: 37964998 PMCID: PMC10641760 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1268835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Boron is an essential micronutrient for plant growth as it participates in cell wall integrity. The growth and development of Acacia melanoxylon stem can be adversely affected by a lack of boron. To explore the mechanism of boron deficiency in A. melanoxylon stem, the changes in morphological attributes, physiological, endogenous hormone levels, and the cell structure and component contents were examined. In addition, the molecular mechanism of shortened internodes resulting from boron deficiency was elucidated through transcriptome analysis. The results showed that boron deficiency resulted in decreased height, shortened internodes, and reduced root length and surface area, corresponding with decreased boron content in the roots, stems, and leaves of A. melanoxylon. In shortened internodes of stems, oxidative damage, and disordered hormone homeostasis were induced, the cell wall was thickened, hemicellulose and water-soluble pectin contents decreased, while the cellulose content increased under boron deficiency. Furthermore, plenty of genes associated with cell wall metabolism and structural components, including GAUTs, CESAs, IRXs, EXPs, TBLs, and XTHs were downregulated under boron deficiency. Alterations of gene expression in hormone signaling pathways comprising IAA, GA, CTK, ET, ABA, and JA were observed under boron deficiency. TFs, homologous to HD1s, NAC10, NAC73, MYB46s, MYB58, and ERF92s were found to interact with genes related to cell wall metabolism, and the structural components were identified. We established a regulatory mechanism network of boron deficiency-induced shortened internodes in A. melanoxylon based on the above results. This research provides a theoretical basis for understanding the response mechanism of woody plants to boron deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoli Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaogang Bai
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingshan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunjie Fan
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Tropical Forestry, Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Biju S, Fuentes S, Gupta D. Novel insights into the mechanism(s) of silicon-induced drought stress tolerance in lentil plants revealed by RNA sequencing analysis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:498. [PMID: 37848813 PMCID: PMC10580624 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04492-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentil is an essential cool-season food legume that offers several benefits in human nutrition and cropping systems. Drought stress is the major environmental constraint affecting lentil plants' growth and productivity by altering various morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits. Our previous research provided physiological and biochemical evidence showing the role of silicon (Si) in alleviating drought stress in lentil plants, while the molecular mechanisms are still unidentified. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of Si-mediated drought stress tolerance can provide fundamental information to enhance our knowledge of essential gene functions and pathways modulated by Si during drought stress in plants. Thus, the present study compared the transcriptomic characteristics of two lentil genotypes (drought tolerant-ILL6002; drought sensitive-ILL7537) under drought stress and investigated the gene expression in response to Si supplementation using high-throughput RNA sequencing. RESULTS This study identified 7164 and 5576 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from drought-stressed lentil genotypes (ILL 6002 and ILL 7537, respectively), with Si treatment. RNA sequencing results showed that Si supplementation could alter the expression of genes related to photosynthesis, osmoprotection, antioxidant systems and signal transduction in both genotypes under drought stress. Furthermore, these DEGs from both genotypes were found to be associated with the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The identified DEGs were also linked to cell wall biosynthesis and vasculature development. Results suggested that Si modulated the dynamics of biosynthesis of alkaloids and flavonoids and their metabolism in drought-stressed lentil genotypes. Drought-recovery-related DEGs identified from both genotypes validated the role of Si as a drought stress alleviator. This study identified different possible defense-related responses mediated by Si in response to drought stress in lentil plants including cellular redox homeostasis by reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell wall reinforcement by the deposition of cellulose, lignin, xyloglucan, chitin and xylan, secondary metabolites production, osmotic adjustment and stomatal closure. CONCLUSION Overall, the results suggested that a coordinated interplay between various metabolic pathways is required for Si to induce drought tolerance. This study identified potential genes and different defence mechanisms involved in Si-induced drought stress tolerance in lentil plants. Si supplementation altered various metabolic functions like photosynthesis, antioxidant defence system, osmotic balance, hormonal biosynthesis, signalling, amino acid biosynthesis and metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids under drought stress. These novel findings validated the role of Si in drought stress mitigation and have also provided an opportunity to enhance our understanding at the genomic level of Si's role in alleviating drought stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajitha Biju
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Sigfredo Fuentes
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Dorin Gupta
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences (SAFES), Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Sun Y, Hu P, Jiang Y, Li J, Chang J, Zhang H, Shao H, Zhou Y. Integrated Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Petal Anthocyanin Accumulation Mechanism in Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' during Different Flower Development Stages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15034. [PMID: 37894715 PMCID: PMC10606226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Flower color is a key ornamental trait in plants. The petals of Gloriosa superba 'Rothschildiana' petals undergo a color transformation from yellow to red during their development, but the molecular mechanism of this process remains unexplored. This study examines the anthocyanin profiles and gene expression patterns of 'Rothschildiana' petals across four developmental stages: bud (S1), initial opening (S2), half opening (S3), and full opening stage (S4). A total of 59 anthocyanins were identified with significant increases in cyanidin-3,5-O-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, and pelargonidin-3,5-O-diglucoside levels observed during petal maturation. Transcriptome analysis revealed 46 differentially expressed genes implicated in flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthesis. Additionally, three gene modules were found to be associated with anthocyanin accumulation throughout flower development. Expression levels of genes associated with auxin, abscisic acid, brassinosteroid signaling, and transcription factors such as NACs and WRKYs underwent significant changes and exhibited strong correlations with several flavonoid and anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in these modules. These findings offer novel insights into the molecular underpinnings of flower color variation and lay the groundwork for the improvement of G. superba.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Pinli Hu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yanan Jiang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jun Li
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Jiaxing Chang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Haojing Shao
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518000, China; (Y.S.); (P.H.); (Y.J.); (J.L.); (J.C.); (H.Z.)
| | - Yiwei Zhou
- Guangdong Key Lab of Ornamental Plant Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Environmental Horticulture Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Cai H, Liu L, Ma S, Aslam M, Qin Y. Insights into the role of phytohormones in plant female germline cell specification. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 75:102439. [PMID: 37604069 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Germline specification is a fundamental process in plant reproduction, and the Megaspore Mother Cell (MMC), is a critical cell that differentiates and develops into the female gametophyte. While numerous studies have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying female germline specification, previous reviews have mainly focused on gene regulatory networks, epigenetic pathways, and small RNAs, neglecting the potential contribution of phytohormones to this process. This review aims to address this gap by highlighting recent advances in MMC formation and discussing the roles of specific phytohormones in female germline specialization. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of phytohormones in the formation of MMC and their effects on female gametophyte development. Specifically, it examines the roles of gibberellins (GAs), brassinosteroids (BRs), auxins, and cytokinin, in MMC development. Understanding the function of phytohormones in MMC development is essential for comprehending the complex mechanisms underlying plant reproduction. This review adds valuable insights to the existing knowledge on MMC development, providing a new perspective for future research in the field of plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Liping Liu
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Suzhuo Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mohammad Aslam
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Xu S, Tian P, Jiang Z, Chen X, Li B, Sun J, Zhang Z. Transcriptome analysis of two tobacco varieties with contrast resistance to Meloidogyne incognita in response to PVY M SN R infection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1213494. [PMID: 37701805 PMCID: PMC10493397 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1213494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Root-knot nematode (RKN) disease is a major disease of tobacco worldwide, which seriously hinders the improvement of tobacco yield and quality. Obvious veinal necrosis-hypersensitive responses are observed only in RKN-resistant lines infected by Potyvirus Y (PVY) MSNR, making this an effective approach to screen for RKN-resistant tobacco. RNA-seq analysis, real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and functional enrichment analysis were conducted to gain insight into the transcription dynamics difference between G28 (RKN-resistant) and CBH (RKN-susceptible) varieties infected with PVY MSNR. Results showed that a total of 7900, 10576, 9921, 11530 and 12531 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between the two varieties at 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 d after infection, respectively. DEGs were associated with plant hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and photosynthesis-related metabolic pathways. Additional DEGs related to starch and sucrose metabolism, energy production, and the indole-3-acetic acid signaling pathway were induced in CBH plants after infection. DEGs related to phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and jasmonic acid signaling pathway were induced in G28 after infection. Our findings reveal DEGs that may contribute to differences in PVY MSNR resistance among tobacco varieties. These results help us to understand the differences in transcriptional dynamics and metabolic processes between RKN-resistant and RKN-susceptible varieties involved in tobacco-PVY MSNR interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Xu
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pei Tian
- China Tobacco Jiangsu Industry Co, Ltd. Xuzhou Cigarette Factory, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhimin Jiang
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Jutao Sun
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Centre, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, China
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Ren Z, Liu Y, Li L, Wang X, Zhou Y, Zhang M, Li Z, Yi F, Duan L. Deciphering transcriptional mechanisms of maize internodal elongation by regulatory network analysis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4503-4519. [PMID: 37170764 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The lengths of the basal internodes is an important factor for lodging resistance of maize (Zea mays). In this study, foliar application of coronatine (COR) to 10 cultivars at the V8 growth stage had different suppression effects on the length of the eighth internode, with three being categorized as strong-inhibition cultivars (SC), five as moderate (MC), and two as weak (WC). RNA-sequencing of the eighth internode of the cultivars revealed a total of 7895 internode elongation-regulating genes, including 777 transcription factors (TFs). Genes related to the hormones cytokinin, gibberellin, auxin, and ethylene in the SC group were significantly down-regulated compared to WC, and more cell-cycle regulatory factors and cell wall-related genes showed significant changes, which severely inhibited internode elongation. In addition, we used EMSAs to explore the direct regulatory relationship between two important TFs, ZmABI7 and ZmMYB117, which regulate the cell cycle and cell wall modification by directly binding to the promoters of their target genes ZmCYC1, ZmCYC3, ZmCYC7, and ZmCPP1. The transcriptome reported in this study will provide a useful resource for studying maize internode development, with potential use for targeted genetic control of internode length to improve the lodging resistance of maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yingru Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation & College of Agronomy, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071001, China
| | - Lu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fei Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liusheng Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education & College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, No.2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206, China
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Guo B, Liu M, Yang H, Dai L, Wang L. Brassinosteroids Regulate the Water Deficit and Latex Yield of Rubber Trees. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12857. [PMID: 37629038 PMCID: PMC10454136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinolide (BR) is an important plant hormone that regulates the growth and development of plants and the formation of yield. The yield and quality of latex from Hevea brasiliensis are regulated by phytohormones. The understanding of gene network regulation mechanism of latex formation in rubber trees is still very limited. In this research, the rubber tree variety CATAS73397 was selected to analyze the relationship between BR, water deficit resistance, and latex yield. The results showed that BR improves the vitality of rubber trees under water deficit by increasing the rate of photosynthesis, reducing the seepage of osmotic regulatory substances, increasing the synthesis of energy substances, and improving the antioxidant system. Furthermore, BR increased the yield and quality of latex by reducing the plugging index and elevating the lutoid bursting index without decreasing mercaptan, sucrose, and inorganic phosphorus. This was confirmed by an increased expression of genes related to latex flow. RNA-seq analysis further indicated that DEG encoded proteins were enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction and sucrose metabolism. Phytohormone content displayed significant differences, in that trans-Zeatin, ethylene, salicylic acid, kinetin, and cytokinin were induced by BR, whereas auxin, abscisic acid, and gibberellin were not. In summary, the current research lays a foundation for comprehending the molecular mechanism of latex formation in rubber trees and explores the potential candidate genes involved in natural rubber biosynthesis to provide useful information for further research in relevant areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Rubber Tree, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hainan Key Laboratory for Cultivation & Physiology of Tropical Crops, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Cultivation and Physiology of Tropical Crops, Rubber Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; (B.G.); (M.L.); (H.Y.); (L.D.)
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Awasthi P, Mishra AK, Kocábek T, Nath VS, Mishra S, Hazzouri KM, Sudalaimuthuasari N, Stajner N, Jakše J, Krofta K, Hájek T, Amiri KM. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the mediator complex subunits MED5a and MED5b genes impaired secondary metabolite accumulation in hop (Humulus lupulus). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107851. [PMID: 37354728 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is an important commercial crop known for the biosynthesis of valuable specialized secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes (lupulin glands), which are used for the brewing industry. To achieve burgeoning market demands is the essentiality of comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in hop. Over the past year, several studies using structural biology and functional genomics approaches have shown that Mediator (MED) serves as an integrative hub for RNAP II-mediated transcriptional regulation of various physiological and cellular processes, including involvement of MED5a and MED5b in hyperaccumulation of phenylpropanoid in A. thaliana. In the present work, an unprecedented attempt was made to generate Hlmed5a/med5b double loci mutant lines in hop using a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing system. The Hlmed5a/med5b double loci mutant lines showed reduced expression of structural genes of the flavonoid, humulone, and terpenoid biosynthetic pathways, which was more pronounced in the lupulin gland compared to leaf tissue and was consistent with their reduced accumulation. Phenotypic and anatomical observations revealed that Hlmed5a/med5b double loci mutant line exhibited robust growth, earlier flowering, earlier cone maturity, reduced cone size, variations in floral structure patterns, and distorted lupulin glands without any remarkable changes in leaf morphology, intensity of leaf color, and chlorophyll content. Comparative transcriptome analysis of leaf and lupulin gland tissues indicates that the expression of enzymatic genes related to secondary metabolite biosynthesis, phytohormone biosynthesis, floral organs, flowering time, and trichome development, including other genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism and defense mechanisms, were differentially modulated in the Hlmed5a/med5b lines. The combined results from functional and transcriptomic analyses illuminates the pivotal function of HlMED5a and HlMED5b in homeostasis of secondary meatbolites accumulation in hop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Awasthi
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Zygmunta Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Tomáš Kocábek
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vishnu Sukumari Nath
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sagarika Mishra
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled M Hazzouri
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naganeeswaran Sudalaimuthuasari
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Natasa Stajner
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Jakše
- Department of Agronomy, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karel Krofta
- Hop Research Institute, Co. Ltd., Kadaňská 2525, 438 46, Žatec, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Hájek
- University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Branišovská 1716/31c, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Khaled Ma Amiri
- Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box. Al Ain 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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41
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Amin B, Atif MJ, Pan Y, Rather SA, Ali M, Li S, Cheng Z. Transcriptomic analysis of Cucumis sativus uncovers putative genes related to hormone signaling under low temperature (LT) and high humidity (HH) stress. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 333:111750. [PMID: 37257510 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Climate change has caused changes in environmental conditions, leading to both low temperature (LT) and high humidity (HH) stress on crops worldwide. Therefore, there is a growing need to enhance our understanding of the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying LT and HH stress tolerance in cucumbers, given the significance of climate change. The findings of this study offer a comprehensive understanding of how the transcriptome and hormone profiles of cucumbers respond to LT and HH stress. In this study, cucumber seedlings were subjected to LT and HH stress (9/5 °C day/night temperature, 95% humidity) as well as control (CK) conditions (25/18 °C day/night temperature, 80% humidity) for 24, 48, and 72 h. It was observed that the LT and HH stress caused severe damage to the morphometric traits of the plants compared to the control treatment. The concentrations of phytohormones IAA, ethylene, and GA were lower, while ABA and JA were higher during LT and HH stress at most time points. To gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying this stress response, RNA-sequencing was performed. The analysis revealed a total of 10,459 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with annotated pathways. These pathways included plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, MAPK signaling pathway, carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, and glycerolipid metabolism. Furthermore, 123 DEGs associated with hormone signaling pathways were identified, and their responses to LT and HH stress were thoroughly discussed. Overall, this study sheds light on the LT and HH tolerance mechanisms in cucumbers, particularly focusing on the genes involved in the LT and HH response and the signaling pathways of endogenous phytohormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakht Amin
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Institute of Rice Industry Technology Research, Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation andGermplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of AgriculturalSciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Jawaad Atif
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Horticultural Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Yupeng Pan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shabir A Rather
- Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian Elephants, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Menglun 666303, Yunnan, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shuju Li
- Tianjin Kerun Cucumber Research Institute, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Lv Z, Zhou D, Shi X, Ren J, Zhang H, Zhong C, Kang S, Zhao X, Yu H, Wang C. The determination of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) pod-sizes during the rapid-growth stage by phytohormones. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37491223 PMCID: PMC10369843 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04382-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pod size is an important yield target trait for peanut breeding. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the determination of peanut pod size still remains unclear. RESULTS In this study, two peanut varieties with contrasting pod sizes were used for comparison of differences on the transcriptomic and endogenous hormonal levels. Developing peanut pods were sampled at 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days after pegging (DAP). Our results showed that the process of peanut pod-expansion could be divided into three stages: the gradual-growth stage, the rapid-growth stage and the slow-growth stage. Cytological analysis confirmed that the faster increase of cell-number during the rapid-growth stage was the main reason for the formation of larger pod size in Lps. Transcriptomic analyses showed that the expression of key genes related to the auxin, the cytokinin (CK) and the gibberellin (GA) were mostly up-regulated during the rapid-growth stage. Meanwhile, the cell division-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mostly up-regulated at 10DAP which was consistent with the cytological-observation. Additionally, the absolute quantification of phytohormones were carried out by liquid-chromatography coupled with the tandem-mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and results supported the findings from comparative transcriptomic studies. CONCLUSIONS It was speculated that the differential expression levels of TAA1 and ARF (auxin-related), IPT and B-ARR (CK-related), KAO, GA20ox and GA3ox (GA-related), and certain cell division-related genes (gene-LOC112747313 and gene-LOC112754661) were important participating factors of the determination-mechanism of peanut pod sizes. These results were informative for the elucidation of the underlying regulatory network in peanut pod-growth and would facilitate further identification of valuable target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Lv
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongying Zhou
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolong Shi
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyao Ren
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - He Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Zhong
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuli Kang
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiqiu Yu
- College of Agronomy, Peanut Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China.
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Gamalero E, Lingua G, Glick BR. Ethylene, ACC, and the Plant Growth-Promoting Enzyme ACC Deaminase. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1043. [PMID: 37626930 PMCID: PMC10452086 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Here, a brief summary of the biosynthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) and ethylene in plants, as well as overviews of how ACC and ethylene act as signaling molecules in plants, is presented. Next, how the bacterial enzyme ACC deaminase cleaves plant-produced ACC and thereby decreases or prevents the ethylene or ACC modulation of plant gene expression is considered. A detailed model of ACC deaminase functioning, including the role of indoleacetic acid (IAA), is presented. Given that ACC is a signaling molecule under some circumstances, this suggests that ACC, which appears to have evolved prior to ethylene, may have been a major signaling molecule in primitive plants prior to the evolution of ethylene and ethylene signaling. Due to their involvement in stimulating ethylene production, the role of D-amino acids in plants is then considered. The enzyme D-cysteine desulfhydrase, which is structurally very similar to ACC deaminase, is briefly discussed and the possibility that ACC deaminase arose as a variant of D-cysteine desulfhydrase is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Gamalero
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Guido Lingua
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Viale T. Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy;
| | - Bernard R. Glick
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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Arabia A, Muñoz P, Pallarés N, Munné-Bosch S. Experimental approaches in studying active biomolecules modulating fruit ripening: Melatonin as a case study. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:1747-1767. [PMID: 36805997 PMCID: PMC10315297 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are naturally occurring small organic molecules found at low concentrations in plants. They perform essential functions in growth and developmental processes, from organ initiation to senescence, including fruit ripening. These regulatory molecules are studied using different experimental approaches, such as performing exogenous applications, evaluating endogenous levels, and/or obtaining genetically modified lines. Here, we discuss the advantages and limitations of current experimental approaches used to study active biomolecules modulating fruit ripening, focusing on melatonin. Although melatonin has been implicated in fruit ripening in several model fruit crops, current knowledge is affected by the different experimental approaches used, which have given different and sometimes even contradictory results. The methods of application and the doses used have produced different results in studies based on exogenous applications, while different measurement methods and ways of expressing results explain most of the variability in studies using correlative analyses. Furthermore, studies on genetically modified crops have focused on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants only. However, TILLING and CRISPR methodologies are becoming essential tools to complement the results from the experimental approaches described above. This will not only help the scientific community better understand the role of melatonin in modulating fruit ripening, but it will also help develop technological advances to improve fruit yield and quality in major crops. The combination of various experimental approaches will undoubtedly lead to a complete understanding of the function of melatonin in fruit ripening in the near future, so that this knowledge can be effectively transferred to the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Arabia
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Paula Muñoz
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Núria Pallarés
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
- Research Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Šingliarová B, Hojsgaard D, Müller-Schärer H, Mráz P. The novel expression of clonality following whole-genome multiplication compensates for reduced fertility in natural autopolyploids. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20230389. [PMID: 37357859 PMCID: PMC10291721 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Exploring the fitness consequences of whole-genome multiplication (WGM) is essential for understanding the establishment of autopolyploids in diploid parental populations, but suitable model systems are rare. We examined the impact of WGM on reproductive traits in three major cytotypes (2x, 3x, 4x) of Pilosella rhodopea, a species with recurrent formation of neo-autopolyploids in mixed-ploidy populations. We found that diploids had normal female sporogenesis and gametogenesis, high fertility, and produced predominantly euploid seed progeny. By contrast, autopolyploids had highly disturbed developmental programs that resulted in significantly lower seed set and a high frequency of aneuploid progeny. All cytotypes, but particularly triploids, produced gametes of varying ploidy, including unreduced ones, that participated in frequent intercytotype mating. Noteworthy, the reduced investment in sexual reproduction in autopolyploids was compensated by increased production of axillary rosettes and the novel expression of two clonal traits: adventitious rosettes on roots (root-sprouting), and aposporous initial cells in ovules which, however, do not result in functional apomixis. The combination of increased vegetative clonal growth in autopolyploids and frequent intercytotype mating are key mechanisms involved in the formation and maintenance of the largest diploid-autopolyploid primary contact zone ever recorded in angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Šingliarová
- Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Diego Hojsgaard
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | - Patrik Mráz
- Herbarium Collections and Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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46
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Wang Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Yang Y, Ma Y, Li X, Meng D, Luo H, Xue W, Lv X, Li F, Du W, Geng X. BSA-Seq and Transcriptomic Analysis Provide Candidate Genes Associated with Inflorescence Architecture and Kernel Orientation by Phytohormone Homeostasis in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10728. [PMID: 37445901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The developmental plasticity of the maize inflorescence depends on meristems, which directly affect reproductive potential and yield. However, the molecular roles of upper floral meristem (UFM) and lower floral meristem (LFM) in inflorescence and kernel development have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we characterized the reversed kernel1 (rk1) novel mutant, which contains kernels with giant embryos but shows normal vegetative growth like the wild type (WT). Total RNA was extracted from the inflorescence at three stages for transcriptomic analysis. A total of 250.16-Gb clean reads were generated, and 26,248 unigenes were assembled and annotated. Gene ontology analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected in the sexual organ formation stage revealed that cell differentiation, organ development, phytohormonal responses and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched. The DEGs associated with the regulation of phytohormone levels and signaling were mainly expressed, including auxin (IAA), jasmonic acid (JA), gibberellins (GA), and abscisic acid (ABA). The transcriptome, hormone evaluation and immunohistochemistry observation revealed that phytohormone homeostasis were affected in rk1. BSA-Seq and transcriptomic analysis also provide candidate genes to regulate UFM and LFM development. These results provide novel insights for understanding the regulatory mechanism of UFM and LFM development in maize and other plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yang Li
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuting Ma
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Dexuan Meng
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Haishan Luo
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiangling Lv
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fenghai Li
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Wanli Du
- Specialty Corn Institute, College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Xiaolin Geng
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Liu XQ, Qin CF, Chen ND, Hao JW, Ma ST, Zhang M, Song Y, Min YJ, Bu YQ, Li S. Simultaneous determination of phenols in the four main original plants of the famous traditional Chinese medicine Shihu by pressurized capillary electrochromatography. RSC Adv 2023; 13:19455-19463. [PMID: 37383692 PMCID: PMC10294287 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00761h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A rapid pressurized capillary electrochromatography (pCEC) method has been established for the simultaneous analysis of 11 phenols in the four main original plants of the famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) Shihu. The effects of wavelength, mobile phase, flow rate, pH value, concentration of buffer, and applied voltage were systematically studied. The investigated 11 phenols could be isolated in 35 min on a reversed-phase EP-100-20/45-3-C18 capillary column using the established method. To apply the established pCEC method, all phenols except tristin (11) were detected in the four Dendrobium plants. A total of 10 components were detected in D. huoshanense, 6 components in D. nobile, 3 components in D. chrysotoxum, and 4 components in D. fimbriatum. The consistent evaluation revealed that the similarities among the four original plants of Shihu were 38.2-86.0% based on the 11 polyphenols and 92.5-97.7% based on the pCEC fingerprints. These further suggested that the components of the four original plants of TCM Shihu might be significantly different. Further investigation should be conducted to confirm and evaluate if the four species could be used as the same medicine with the same amount according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Quan Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine No.1 Qianjian Road Hefei City 230012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Chao-Feng Qin
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine No.1 Qianjian Road Hefei City 230012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Nai-Dong Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine No.1 Qianjian Road Hefei City 230012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Hao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Shi-Tang Ma
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Yu Song
- College of Pharmacy, Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang City 453003 Henan Province P. R. China
| | - Yun-Jiang Min
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- Anhui Engineering Laboratory for Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Ya-Qin Bu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine No.1 Qianjian Road Hefei City 230012 Anhui Province P. R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University Lu'an City 237012 Anhui Province P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine No.1 Qianjian Road Hefei City 230012 Anhui Province P. R. China
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Tounosu N, Sesoko K, Hori K, Shimojima M, Ohta H. Cis-regulatory elements and transcription factors related to auxin signaling in the streptophyte algae Klebsormidium nitens. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9635. [PMID: 37322074 PMCID: PMC10272232 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone auxin affects numerous processes in land plants. The central auxin signaling machinery, called the nuclear auxin pathway, is mediated by its pivotal receptor named TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE 1/AUXIN SIGNALING F-BOX (TIR1/AFB). The nuclear auxin pathway is widely conserved in land plants, but auxin also accumulates in various algae. Although auxin affects the growth of several algae, the components that mediate auxin signaling have not been identified. We previously reported that exogenous auxin suppresses cell proliferation in the Klebsormidium nitens that is a member of streptophyte algae, a paraphyletic group sharing the common ancestor with land plants. Although K. nitens lacks TIR1/AFB, auxin affects the expression of numerous genes. Thus, elucidation of the mechanism of auxin-inducible gene expression in K. nitens would provide important insights into the evolution of auxin signaling. Here, we show that some motifs are enriched in the promoter sequences of auxin-inducible genes in K. nitens. We also found that the transcription factor KnRAV activates several auxin-inducible genes and directly binds the promoter of KnLBD1, a representative auxin-inducible gene. We propose that KnRAV has the potential to regulate auxin-responsive gene expression in K. nitens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Tounosu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-65, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Kanami Sesoko
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-65, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Koichi Hori
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-65, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Mie Shimojima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-65, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ohta
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 B-65, Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
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Korek M, Marzec M. Strigolactones and abscisic acid interactions affect plant development and response to abiotic stresses. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:314. [PMID: 37308831 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strigolactones (SL) are the youngest group of plant hormones responsible for shaping plant architecture, especially the branching of shoots. However, recent studies provided new insights into the functioning of SL, confirming their participation in regulating the plant response to various types of abiotic stresses, including water deficit, soil salinity and osmotic stress. On the other hand, abscisic acid (ABA), commonly referred as a stress hormone, is the molecule that crucially controls the plant response to adverse environmental conditions. Since the SL and ABA share a common precursor in their biosynthetic pathways, the interaction between both phytohormones has been largely studied in the literature. Under optimal growth conditions, the balance between ABA and SL content is maintained to ensure proper plant development. At the same time, the water deficit tends to inhibit SL accumulation in the roots, which serves as a sensing mechanism for drought, and empowers the ABA production, which is necessary for plant defense responses. The SL-ABA cross-talk at the signaling level, especially regarding the closing of the stomata under drought conditions, still remains poorly understood. Enhanced SL content in shoots is likely to stimulate the plant sensitivity to ABA, thus reducing the stomatal conductance and improving the plant survival rate. Besides, it was proposed that SL might promote the closing of stomata in an ABA-independent way. Here, we summarize the current knowledge regarding the SL and ABA interactions by providing new insights into the function, perception and regulation of both phytohormones during abiotic stress response of plants, as well as revealing the gaps in the current knowledge of SL-ABA cross-talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Korek
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland.
| | - Marek Marzec
- Institute of Biology, Biotechnology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Jagiellonska 28, Katowice, 40-032, Poland
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Frost CJ. Information potential of an ubiquitous phytochemical cue. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:1749-1751. [PMID: 37010034 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Frost
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, 1657 E Helen Street, Tucson, AZ, 85721-0240, USA
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