1
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Szwabowski GL, Griffing M, Mugabe EJ, O'Malley D, Baker LN, Baker DL, Parrill AL. G Protein-Coupled Receptor-Ligand Pose and Functional Class Prediction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6876. [PMID: 38999982 PMCID: PMC11241240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) transmembrane protein family members play essential roles in physiology. Numerous pharmaceuticals target GPCRs, and many drug discovery programs utilize virtual screening (VS) against GPCR targets. Improvements in the accuracy of predicting new molecules that bind to and either activate or inhibit GPCR function would accelerate such drug discovery programs. This work addresses two significant research questions. First, do ligand interaction fingerprints provide a substantial advantage over automated methods of binding site selection for classical docking? Second, can the functional status of prospective screening candidates be predicted from ligand interaction fingerprints using a random forest classifier? Ligand interaction fingerprints were found to offer modest advantages in sampling accurate poses, but no substantial advantage in the final set of top-ranked poses after scoring, and, thus, were not used in the generation of the ligand-receptor complexes used to train and test the random forest classifier. A binary classifier which treated agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists as active and all other ligands as inactive proved highly effective in ligand function prediction in an external test set of GPR31 and TAAR2 candidate ligands with a hit rate of 82.6% actual actives within the set of predicted actives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Makenzie Griffing
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Elijah J Mugabe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Daniel O'Malley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Lindsey N Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Daniel L Baker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Abby L Parrill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
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2
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Zhang M, Chen T, Lu X, Lan X, Chen Z, Lu S. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms, and drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:88. [PMID: 38594257 PMCID: PMC11004190 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01803-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of human membrane proteins and an important class of drug targets, play a role in maintaining numerous physiological processes. Agonist or antagonist, orthosteric effects or allosteric effects, and biased signaling or balanced signaling, characterize the complexity of GPCR dynamic features. In this study, we first review the structural advancements, activation mechanisms, and functional diversity of GPCRs. We then focus on GPCR drug discovery by revealing the detailed drug-target interactions and the underlying mechanisms of orthosteric drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in the past five years. Particularly, an up-to-date analysis is performed on available GPCR structures complexed with synthetic small-molecule allosteric modulators to elucidate key receptor-ligand interactions and allosteric mechanisms. Finally, we highlight how the widespread GPCR-druggable allosteric sites can guide structure- or mechanism-based drug design and propose prospects of designing bitopic ligands for the future therapeutic potential of targeting this receptor family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200003, China
| | - Xun Lu
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaobing Lan
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Changhai Hospital, Affiliated to Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shaoyong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Protection, Development and Utilization of Medicinal Resources in Liupanshan Area, Ministry of Education, Peptide & Protein Drug Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Medicinal Chemistry and Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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3
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Chen J, Gou Q, Chen X, Song Y, Zhang F, Pu X. Exploring biased activation characteristics by molecular dynamics simulation and machine learning for the μ-opioid receptor. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:10698-10710. [PMID: 38512140 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05050e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Biased ligands selectively activating specific downstream signaling pathways (termed as biased activation) exhibit significant therapeutic potential. However, the conformational characteristics revealed are very limited for the biased activation, which is not conducive to biased drug development. Motivated by the issue, we combine extensive accelerated molecular dynamics simulations and an interpretable deep learning model to probe the biased activation features for two complex systems constructed by the inactive μOR and two different biased agonists (G-protein-biased agonist TRV130 and β-arrestin-biased agonist endomorphin2). The results indicate that TRV130 binds deeper into the receptor core compared to endomorphin2, located between W2936.48 and D1142.50, and forms hydrogen bonding with D1142.50, while endomorphin2 binds above W2936.48. The G protein-biased agonist induces greater outward movements of the TM6 intracellular end, forming a typical active conformation, while the β-arrestin-biased agonist leads to a smaller extent of outward movements of TM6. Compared with TRV130, endomorphin2 causes more pronounced inward movements of the TM7 intracellular end and more complex conformational changes of H8 and ICL1. In addition, important residues determining the two different biased activation states were further identified by using an interpretable deep learning classification model, including some common biased activation residues across Class A GPCRs like some key residues on the TM2 extracellular end, ECL2, TM5 intracellular end, TM6 intracellular end, and TM7 intracellular end, and some specific important residues of ICL3 for μOR. The observations will provide valuable information for understanding the biased activation mechanism for GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Qiaoling Gou
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yuanpeng Song
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Fuhui Zhang
- Graduate School, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xuemei Pu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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4
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Kim Y, Gumpper RH, Liu Y, Kocak DD, Xiong Y, Cao C, Deng Z, Krumm BE, Jain MK, Zhang S, Jin J, Roth BL. Bitter taste receptor activation by cholesterol and an intracellular tastant. Nature 2024; 628:664-671. [PMID: 38600377 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Bitter taste sensing is mediated by type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs (also known as T2Rs)), which represent a distinct class of G-protein-coupled receptors1. Among the 26 members of the TAS2Rs, TAS2R14 is highly expressed in extraoral tissues and mediates the responses to more than 100 structurally diverse tastants2-6, although the molecular mechanisms for recognizing diverse chemicals and initiating cellular signalling are still poorly understood. Here we report two cryo-electron microscopy structures for TAS2R14 complexed with Ggust (also known as gustducin) and Gi1. Both structures have an orthosteric binding pocket occupied by endogenous cholesterol as well as an intracellular allosteric site bound by the bitter tastant cmpd28.1, including a direct interaction with the α5 helix of Ggust and Gi1. Computational and biochemical studies validate both ligand interactions. Our functional analysis identified cholesterol as an orthosteric agonist and the bitter tastant cmpd28.1 as a positive allosteric modulator with direct agonist activity at TAS2R14. Moreover, the orthosteric pocket is connected to the allosteric site via an elongated cavity, which has a hydrophobic core rich in aromatic residues. Our findings provide insights into the ligand recognition of bitter taste receptors and suggest activities of TAS2R14 beyond bitter taste perception via intracellular allosteric tastants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojoong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan H Gumpper
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D Dewran Kocak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Can Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhijie Deng
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manish K Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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5
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Xu Z, Guo L, Yu J, Shen S, Wu C, Zhang W, Zhao C, Deng Y, Tian X, Feng Y, Hou H, Su L, Wang H, Guo S, Wang H, Wang K, Chen P, Zhao J, Zhang X, Yong X, Cheng L, Liu L, Yang S, Yang F, Wang X, Yu X, Xu Y, Sun JP, Yan W, Shao Z. Ligand recognition and G-protein coupling of trace amine receptor TAAR1. Nature 2023; 624:672-681. [PMID: 37935376 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06804-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Trace-amine-associated receptors (TAARs), a group of biogenic amine receptors, have essential roles in neurological and metabolic homeostasis1. They recognize diverse endogenous trace amines and subsequently activate a range of G-protein-subtype signalling pathways2,3. Notably, TAAR1 has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for treating psychiatric disorders4,5. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying its ability to recognize different ligands remain largely unclear. Here we present nine cryo-electron microscopy structures, with eight showing human and mouse TAAR1 in a complex with an array of ligands, including the endogenous 3-iodothyronamine, two antipsychotic agents, the psychoactive drug amphetamine and two identified catecholamine agonists, and one showing 5-HT1AR in a complex with an antipsychotic agent. These structures reveal a rigid consensus binding motif in TAAR1 that binds to endogenous trace amine stimuli and two extended binding pockets that accommodate diverse chemotypes. Combined with mutational analysis, functional assays and molecular dynamic simulations, we elucidate the structural basis of drug polypharmacology and identify the species-specific differences between human and mouse TAAR1. Our study provides insights into the mechanism of ligand recognition and G-protein selectivity by TAAR1, which may help in the discovery of ligands or therapeutic strategies for neurological and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Xu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Lulu Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Shen
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chang Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Deng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaowen Tian
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuying Feng
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanlin Hou
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lantian Su
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongshuang Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shuo Guo
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heli Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xihao Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengyong Yang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Zhenhua Shao
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Frontiers Medical Center, Tianfu Jincheng Laboratory, Chengdu, China.
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6
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Nakamura M, Shimizu T. Therapeutic target of leukotriene B 4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2: Insights from basic research. Biochimie 2023; 215:60-68. [PMID: 37423557 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a lipid mediator rapidly generated from arachidonic acid in response to various stimuli. This lipid mediator exerts its biological activities by binding to cognate receptors. Two LTB4 receptors have been cloned; BLT1 and BLT2 as a high- and a low-affinity receptors, respectively. In numerous analyses, physiological and pathophysiological importance of LTB4 and cognate receptors in various diseases has been clarified. For example, disruption of the BLT1 gene or treatment with blockers for this receptor reduced various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and bronchial asthma in mice, in contrast BLT2 deficiency facilitated several diseases in the small intestine and the skin. These data support the idea that BLT1 blockers and BLT2 agonists could be useful for the cure of these diseases. Thus, various drugs targeting each receptor are being developed by many pharmaceutical companies. In this review, we focus on our current knowledge of the biosynthesis and physiological roles of LTB4 through cognate receptors. We further describe the effects of these receptor deficiencies on several pathophysiological conditions, including the potential of LTB4 receptors as therapeutic targets for the cure of the diseases. Moreover, current information on the structure and post-translational modification of BLT1 and BLT2 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, 1-1 Ridai-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-0005, Japan.
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
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Tatsumi R, Aihara S, Matsune S, Aoki J, Inoue A, Shimizu T, Nakamura M. Stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines complex assemblies with β-arrestin serving distinct functions. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23213. [PMID: 37795742 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301440r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) utilize complex cellular systems to respond to diverse ligand concentrations. By taking BLT1, a GPCR for leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), as a model, our previous work elucidated that this system functions through the modulation of phosphorylation status on two specific residues: Thr308 and Ser310 . Ser310 phosphorylation occurs at a lower LTB4 concentration than Thr308 , leading to a shift in ligand affinity from a high-to-low state. However, the implications of BLT1 phosphorylation in signal transduction processes or the underlying mechanisms have remained unclear. Here, we identify the sequential BLT1-engaged conformations of β-arrestin and subsequent alterations in signal transduction. Stimulation of the high-affinity BLT1 with LTB4 induces phosphorylation at Ser310 via the ERK1/2-GRK pathway, resulting in a β-arrestin-bound low-affinity state. This configuration, referred to as the "low-LTB4 -induced complex," necessitates the finger loop region and the phosphoinositide-binding motif of β-arrestins to interact with BLT1 and deactivates the ERK1/2 signaling. Under high LTB4 concentrations, the low-affinity BLT1 again binds to the ligand and triggers the generation of the low-LTB4 -induced complex into a different form termed "high-LTB4 -induced complex." This change is propelled by The308 -phosphorylation-dependent basal phosphorylation by PKCs. Within the high-LTB4 -induced complex, β-arrestin adapts a unique configuration that involves additional N domain interaction to the low-affinity BLT1 and stimulates the PI3K/AKT pathway. We propose that the stepwise phosphorylation of BLT1 defines the formation of complex assemblies, wherein β-arrestins perform distinct functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riko Tatsumi
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Saki Aihara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Seiya Matsune
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motonao Nakamura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan
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8
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Luginina A, Gusach A, Lyapina E, Khorn P, Safronova N, Shevtsov M, Dmitirieva D, Dashevskii D, Kotova T, Smirnova E, Borshchevskiy V, Cherezov V, Mishin A. Structural diversity of leukotriene G-protein coupled receptors. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105247. [PMID: 37703990 PMCID: PMC10570957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroxy acid leukotriene (LTB4) and cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4) are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. While structurally similar, these two types of leukotrienes (LTs) exert their functions through interactions with two distinct G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) families, BLT and CysLT receptors, which share low sequence similarity and belong to phylogenetically divergent GPCR groups. Selective antagonism of LT receptors has been proposed as a promising strategy for the treatment of many inflammation-related diseases including asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, rheumatoid arthritis, cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and several types of cancer. Selective CysLT1R antagonists are currently used as antiasthmatic drugs, however, there are no approved drugs targeting CysLT2 and BLT receptors. In this review, we highlight recently published structures of BLT1R and CysLTRs revealing unique structural features of the two receptor families. X-ray and cryo-EM data shed light on their overall conformations, differences in functional motifs involved in receptor activation, and details of the ligand-binding pockets. An unexpected binding mode of the selective antagonist BIIL260 in the BLT1R structure makes it the first example of a compound targeting the sodium-binding site of GPCRs and suggests a novel strategy for the receptor activity modulation. Taken together, these recent structural data reveal dramatic differences in the molecular architecture of the two LT receptor families and pave the way to new therapeutic strategies of selective targeting individual receptors with novel tool compounds obtained by the structure-based drug design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Gusach
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Elizaveta Lyapina
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Polina Khorn
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Nadezda Safronova
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shevtsov
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Daria Dmitirieva
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Dmitrii Dashevskii
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kotova
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Smirnova
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Bridge Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Сenter for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
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9
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Yokomizo T, Shimizu T. The leukotriene B 4 receptors BLT1 and BLT2 as potential therapeutic targets. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:30-41. [PMID: 36908237 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ) was recognized as an arachidonate-derived chemotactic factor for inflammatory cells and an important drug target even before the molecular identification of its receptors. We cloned the high- and low-affinity LTB4 receptors, BLT1 and BLT2, respectively, and examined their functions by generating and studying gene-targeted mice. BLT1 is involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and immune diseases, including asthma, psoriasis, contact dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, age-related macular degeneration, and immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. Meanwhile, BLT2 is a high-affinity receptor for 12-hydroxyheptadecatrienoic acid, which is involved in the maintenance of dermal and intestinal barrier function, and the acceleration of skin and corneal wound healing. Thus, BLT1 antagonists and BLT2 agonists are promising candidates in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Kurihara Y, Ekimoto T, Gordon CT, Uchijima Y, Sugiyama R, Kitazawa T, Iwase A, Kotani R, Asai R, Pingault V, Ikeguchi M, Amiel J, Kurihara H. Mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia results from ETAR gain-of-function mutations via allosteric effects on ligand binding. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:151536. [PMID: 36637912 PMCID: PMC9927936 DOI: 10.1172/jci151536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) cause various human diseases, but the mechanistic details are limited. Here, we establish p.E303K in the gene encoding the endothelin receptor type A (ETAR/EDNRA) as a recurrent mutation causing mandibulofacial dysostosis with alopecia (MFDA), with craniofacial changes similar to those caused by p.Y129F. Mouse models carrying either of these missense mutations exhibited a partial maxillary-to-mandibular transformation, which was rescued by deleting the ligand endothelin 3 (ET3/EDN3). Pharmacological experiments confirmed the causative ETAR mutations as gain of function, dependent on ET3. To elucidate how an amino acid substitution far from the ligand binding site can increase ligand affinity, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. E303 is located at the intracellular end of transmembrane domain 6, and its replacement by a lysine increased flexibility of this portion of the helix, thus favoring G protein binding and leading to G protein-mediated enhancement of agonist affinity. The Y129F mutation located under the ligand binding pocket reduced the sodium-water network, thereby affecting the extracellular portion of helices in favor of ET3 binding. These findings provide insight into the pathogenesis of MFDA and into allosteric mechanisms regulating GPCR function, which may provide the basis for drug design targeting GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Ekimoto
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yasunobu Uchijima
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Sugiyama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taro Kitazawa
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiyasu Iwase
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Kotani
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rieko Asai
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Véronique Pingault
- Department of Genomic Medicine for Rare Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Mitsunori Ikeguchi
- Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Center for Computational Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jeanne Amiel
- INSERM UMR 1163, Institut Imagine and Université Paris-Cité, Paris, France.,Department of Genomic Medicine for Rare Diseases, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Hiroki Kurihara
- Department of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Théroux L, Van Den Hauwe R, Trân K, Fournier J, Desgagné M, Meneboo N, Lavallée A, Fröhlich U, Côté J, Hollanders C, Longpré JM, Murza A, Marsault E, Sarret P, Boudreault PL, Ballet S. Signaling Modulation via Minimal C-Terminal Modifications of Apelin-13. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2023; 6:290-305. [PMID: 36798478 PMCID: PMC9926529 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an endogenous peptide that is involved in many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and cancer, which has made it an attractive target for drug discovery. Herein, we explore the penultimate and final sequence positions of [Pyr1]-apelin-13 (Ape13) via C-terminal N α-alkylated amide bonds and the introduction of positive charges, potentially targeting the allosteric sodium pocket, by assessing the binding affinity and signaling profiles at the apelin receptor (APJ). Synthetic analogues modified within this segment of Ape13 showed high affinity (K i 0.12-0.17 nM vs Ape13 K i 0.7 nM), potent Gαi1 activation (EC50 Gαi1 0.4-0.9 nM vs Ape13 EC50 1.1 nM), partial agonist behavior disfavoring β-arrestin 2 recruitment for positively charged ligands (e.g., 49 (SBL-AP-058), EC50 β-arr2 275 nM, E max 54%) and high plasma stability for N-alkyl ligands (t 1/2 > 7 h vs Ape13 t 1/2 0.5 h). Combining the benefits of the N α-alkylated amide bond with the guanidino substitution in a constrained ligand led to 63 (SBL-AP-049), which displayed increased plasma stability (t 1/2 5.3 h) and strong reduction of β-arrestin 2 signaling with partial maximal efficacy (EC50 β-arr 864 nM, E max 48%), significantly reducing the hypotensive effect in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Théroux
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Robin Van Den Hauwe
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kien Trân
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Justin Fournier
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Michael Desgagné
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nathan Meneboo
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexis Lavallée
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ulrike Fröhlich
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jérôme Côté
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Charlie Hollanders
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Alexandre Murza
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Eric Marsault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Pierre-Luc Boudreault
- Département
de Pharmacologie-Physiologie, Faculté de Médecine et
des Sciences de la Santé, Université
de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Institut
de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research
Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering
Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Shioda R, Jo-Watanabe A, Okuno T, Saeki K, Nakayama M, Suzuki Y, Yokomizo T. The leukotriene B 4 /BLT1-dependent neutrophil accumulation exacerbates immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22789. [PMID: 36692419 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201936r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Crescent formation is the most important pathological finding that defines the prognosis of nephritis. Although neutrophils are known to play an important role in the progression of crescentic glomerulonephritis, such as anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated glomerulonephritis, the key chemoattractant for neutrophils in ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis has not been identified. Here, we demonstrate that a lipid chemoattractant, leukotriene B4 (LTB4 ), and its receptor BLT1 are primarily involved in disease pathogenesis in a mouse model of immune complex-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis. Circulating neutrophils accumulated into glomeruli within 1 h after disease onset, which was accompanied by LTB4 accumulation in the kidney cortex, leading to kidney injury. LTB4 was produced by cross-linking of Fc gamma receptors on neutrophils. Mice deficient in BLT1 or LTB4 biosynthesis exhibited suppressed initial neutrophil infiltration and subsequent thrombotic glomerulonephritis and renal fibrosis. Depletion of neutrophils before, but not after, disease onset prevented proteinuria and kidney injury, indicating the essential role of neutrophils in the early phase of glomerulonephritis. Administration of a BLT1 antagonist before and after disease onset almost completely suppressed induction of glomerulonephritis. Finally, we found that the glomeruli from patients with ANCA-associated glomerulonephritis contained more BLT1-positive cells than glomeruli from patients with other etiologies. Taken together, the LTB4 -BLT1 axis is the key driver of neutrophilic glomerular inflammation, and will be a novel therapeutic target for the crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Shioda
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Airi Jo-Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,AMED-PRIME, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maiko Nakayama
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Haeggström JZ, Newcomer ME. Structures of Leukotriene Biosynthetic Enzymes and Development of New Therapeutics. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2023; 63:407-428. [PMID: 36130059 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-051921-085014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are potent immune-regulating lipid mediators with patho-genic roles in inflammatory and allergic diseases, particularly asthma. These autacoids also contribute to low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, metabolic, and tumor diseases. Biosynthesis of leukotrienes involves release and oxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid and proceeds via a set of cytosolic and integral membrane enzymes that are typically expressed by cells of the innate immune system. In activated cells, these enzymes traffic and assemble at the endoplasmic and perinuclear membrane, together comprising a biosynthetic complex. Here we describe recent advances in our molecular understanding of the protein components of the leukotriene-synthesizing enzyme machinery and also briefly touch upon the leukotriene receptors. Moreover, we discuss emerging opportunities for pharmacological intervention and development of new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Z Haeggström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Chemistry 2, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA;
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14
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Dmitrieva DA, Kotova TV, Safronova NA, Sadova AA, Dashevskii DE, Mishin AV. Protein Design Strategies for the Structural–Functional Studies of G Protein-Coupled Receptors. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:S192-S226. [PMID: 37069121 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923140110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are an important family of membrane proteins responsible for many physiological functions in human body. High resolution GPCR structures are required to understand their molecular mechanisms and perform rational drug design, as GPCRs play a crucial role in a variety of diseases. That is difficult to obtain for the wild-type proteins because of their low stability. In this review, we discuss how this problem can be solved by using protein design strategies developed to obtain homogeneous stabilized GPCR samples for crystallization and cryoelectron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria A Dmitrieva
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Kotova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Nadezda A Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexandra A Sadova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Dmitrii E Dashevskii
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey V Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, 141701, Russia.
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15
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Hayashi S, Muraleedharan CK, Oku M, Tomar S, Hogan SP, Quiros M, Parkos CA, Nusrat A. Intestinal epithelial BLT1 promotes mucosal repair. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e162392. [PMID: 36301666 PMCID: PMC9746898 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with epithelial damage, resulting in mucosal wounds in the forms of erosions and ulcers in the intestinal tract. Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) and immune cells in the wound milieu secrete cytokines and lipid mediators to influence repair. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a lipid chemokine, binds to its receptor BLT1 and promotes migration of immune cells to sites of active inflammation; however, a role for intestinal epithelial BLT1 during mucosal wound repair is not known. Here we report that BLT1 was expressed in IECs both in vitro and in vivo, where it functioned as a receptor not only for LTB4 but also for another ligand, resolvin E1. Intestinal epithelial BLT1 expression was increased when epithelial cells were exposed to an inflammatory microenvironment. Using human and murine primary colonic epithelial cells, we reveal that the LTB4/BLT1 pathway promoted epithelial migration and proliferation leading to accelerated epithelial wound repair. Furthermore, in vivo intestinal wound repair experiments in BLT1-deficient mice and bone marrow chimeras demonstrated an important contribution of epithelial BLT1 during colonic mucosal wound repair. Taken together, our findings show a potentially novel prorepair in IEC mechanism mediated by BLT1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusaku Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | | | - Makito Oku
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Simon P. Hogan
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Miguel Quiros
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Charles A. Parkos
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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16
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Structural identification of lysophosphatidylcholines as activating ligands for orphan receptor GPR119. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2022; 29:863-870. [PMID: 35970999 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-022-00816-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is an essential mediator in human lipid metabolism and is associated with a variety of diseases, but the exact identity of LPC receptors remains controversial. Through extensive biochemical and structural analyses, we have identified the orphan receptor GPR119 as the receptor for LPC. The structure of the GPR119-G-protein complex without any added ligands reveals a density map that fits well with LPC, which is further confirmed by mass spectrometry and functional studies. As LPCs are abundant on the cell membrane, their preoccupancy in the receptor may lead to 'constitutive activity' of GPR119. The structure of GPR119 bound to APD668, a clinical drug candidate for type 2 diabetes, reveals an exceedingly similar binding mode to LPC. Together, these data highlight structural evidence for LPC function in regulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion through direct binding and activation of GPR119, and provide structural templates for drug design targeting GPR119.
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17
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Recent advances in function and structure of two leukotriene B 4 receptors: BLT1 and BLT2. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115178. [PMID: 35850310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is generated by the enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid, which is then released from the cell membrane and acts as a potent activator of leukocytes and other inflammatory cells. Numerous studies have demonstrated the physiological and pathophysiological significance of this lipid in various diseases. LTB4 exerts its activities by binding to its specific G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): BLT1 and BLT2. In mouse disease models, treatment with BLT1 antagonists or BLT1 gene ablation attenuated various diseases, including bronchial asthma, arthritis, and psoriasis, whereas BLT2 deficiency exacerbated several diseases in the skin, cornea, and small intestine. Therefore, BLT1 inhibitors and BLT2 activators could be beneficial for the treatment of several inflammatory and immune disorders. As a result, attractive compounds targeting LTB4 receptors have been developed by several pharmaceutical companies. This review aims to understand the potential of BLT1 and BLT2 as therapeutic targets for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases. In addition, recent topics are discussed with major focuses on the structure and post-translational modifications of BLT1 and BLT2. Collectively, current evidence on modulating LTB4 receptor functions provides new strategies for the treatment of various diseases.
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18
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Mohamud A, Zeghal M, Patel S, Laroche G, Blgacim N, Giguère PM. Functional Characterization of Sodium Channel Inhibitors at the Delta-Opioid Receptor. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:16939-16951. [PMID: 35647460 PMCID: PMC9134235 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c07226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Existing pharmacotherapies acting on the opioid receptor system have been extensively used to treat chronic pain and addictive disorders. Nevertheless, the adverse side effects associated with opioid therapy underscore the need for concerted measures to develop safer analgesics. A promising avenue of research stems from the characterization of a sodium-dependent allosteric regulation site housed within the delta-opioid receptor and several other G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), thereby revealing the presence of a cluster of sodium and water molecules lodged in a cavity thought to be present only in the inactive conformation of the receptor. Studies into the structure-function relationship of said pocket demonstrated its critical involvement in the functional control of GPCR signaling. While the sodium pocket has been proposed to be present in the majority of class A GPCRs, the shape of this allosteric cavity appears to have significant structural variation among crystallographically solved GPCRs, making this site optimal for the design of new allosteric modulators that will be selective for opioid receptors. The size of the sodium pocket supports the accommodation of small molecules, and it has been speculated that promiscuous amiloride and 5'-substituted amiloride-related derivatives could target this cavity within many GPCRs, including opioid receptors. Using pharmacological approaches, we have described the selectivities of 5'-substituted amiloride-related derivatives, as well as the hitherto undescribed activity of the NHE1 inhibitor zoniporide toward class A GPCRs. Our investigations into the structural features of the delta-opioid receptor and its ensuing signaling activities suggest a bitopic mode of overlapping interactions involving the orthosteric site and the juxtaposed Na+ pocket, but only at the active or partially active opioid receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulhamid
O. Mohamud
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Manel Zeghal
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Shivani Patel
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Geneviève Laroche
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Nuria Blgacim
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
| | - Patrick M. Giguère
- Department
of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
- Brain
and Mind Research Institute, University
of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H8M5, Canada
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19
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Koutsogiannaki S, Okuno T, Kobayashi Y, Ogawa N, Yuki K. Isoflurane attenuates sepsis-associated lung injury. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 599:127-133. [PMID: 35180472 PMCID: PMC8892593 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury is one of major complications associated with sepsis, responsible for morbidity and mortality. Patients who suffer from acute lung injury often require respiratory support under sedations, and it would be important to know the role of sedatives in lung injury. We examined volatile anesthetic isoflurane, which is commonly used in surgical setting, but also used as an alternative sedative in intensive care settings in European countries and Canada. We found that isoflurane exposure attenuated neutrophil recruitment to the lungs in mice suffering from experimental polymicrobial abdominal sepsis. We found that isoflurane attenuated one of major neutrophil chemoattractants LTB4 mediated response via its receptor BLT1 in neutrophils. Furthermore, we have shown that isoflurane directly bound to BLT1 by a competition assay using newly developed labeled BLT1 antagonist, suggesting that isoflurane would be a BLT1 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Koutsogiannaki
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, USA
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kobayashi
- Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Properties, Meiji University, Japan
| | - Narihito Ogawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Meiji University, Japan
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, USA; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children's Hospital, USA.
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20
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Wang N, He X, Zhao J, Jiang H, Cheng X, Xia Y, Eric Xu H, He Y. Structural basis of leukotriene B4 receptor 1 activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1156. [PMID: 35241677 PMCID: PMC8894450 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) plays crucial roles in the acute inflammatory responses and is a valuable target for anti-inflammation treatment, however, the mechanism by which leukotriene B4 (LTB4) activates receptor remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the LTB4 -bound human BLT1 in complex with a Gi protein in an active conformation at resolution of 2.91 Å. In combination of molecule dynamics (MD) simulation, docking and site-directed mutagenesis, our structure reveals that a hydrogen-bond network of water molecules and key polar residues is the key molecular determinant for LTB4 binding. We also find that the displacement of residues M1013.36 and I2717.39 to the center of receptor, which unlock the ion lock of the lower part of pocket, is the key mechanism of receptor activation. In addition, we reveal a binding site of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and discover that the widely open ligand binding pocket may contribute the lack of specificity and efficacy for current BLT1-targeting drug design. Taken together, our structural analysis provides a scaffold for understanding BLT1 activation and a rational basis for designing anti-leukotriene drugs. In the paper, Dr. Wang et al reported a cryo-EM structure of the human leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) in complex with its native ligand leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in an active conformation complexed with Gi protein. The structure reveals the molecule determinant of LTB4 binding and the mechanism of receptor activation. These structural information will boost the understanding of LTB4-BLT1 signaling and provide a rational basis for designing novel anti-leukotriene drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Xinheng He
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Xia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research and State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanzheng He
- Laboratory of Receptor Structure and Signaling, The HIT Center for Life Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
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21
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Conrad M, Söldner CA, Sticht H. Effect of Ions and Sequence Variants on the Antagonist Binding Properties of the Histamine H 1 Receptor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031420. [PMID: 35163341 PMCID: PMC8836275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The histamine H1 receptor (H1R) is a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and represents a main target in the treatment of allergic reactions as well as inflammatory reactions and depressions. Although the overall effect of antagonists on H1 function has been extensively investigated, rather little is known about the potential modulatory effect of ions or sequence variants on antagonist binding. We investigated the dynamics of a phosphate ion present in the crystal structure and of a sodium ion, for which we determined the position in the allosteric pocket by metadynamics simulations. Both types of ions exhibit significant dynamics within their binding site; however, some key contacts remain stable over the simulation time, which might be exploited to develop more potent drugs targeting these sites. The dynamics of the ions is almost unaffected by the presence or absence of doxepin, as also reflected in their small effect (less than 1 kcal·mol-1) on doxepin binding affinity. We also examined the effect of four H1R sequence variants observed in the human population on doxepin binding. These variants cause a reduction in doxepin affinity of up to 2.5 kcal·mol-1, indicating that personalized medical treatments that take into account individual mutation patterns could increase precision in the dosage of GPCR-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.C.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Christian A. Söldner
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.C.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Heinrich Sticht
- Division of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (M.C.); (C.A.S.)
- Erlangen National High Performance Computing Center (NHR@FAU), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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22
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Heering J, Hernandez-Olmos V, Ildefeld N, Liu T, Kaiser A, Naeem Z, Frömel T, Fleming I, Steinhilber D, Proschak E. Development and Characterization of a Fluorescent Ligand for Leukotriene B4 Receptor 2 in Cells and Tissues. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2023-2034. [PMID: 34995452 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The leukotriene B4 receptor 2 (BLT2) is a G-protein coupled receptor activated by 12(S)-hydroxyheptadeca-5Z,8E,10E-trienoic acid (12-HHT), which has been proposed as a promising therapeutic target for diabetic wound healing and gastrointestinal lesions. In this study, the rational design of a fluorescent probe based on the synthetic BLT2 agonist CAY10583 is described. The synthesis of several derivatives of CAY10583 coupled to fluorescein resulted in a traceable ligand suitable for different fluorescence-based techniques. An HTRF-based displacement assay (Tag-lite) on stably transfected CHO-K1 cells was developed to characterize binding properties of diverse BLT2 ligands. Highly specific binding to the BLT2 receptor was demonstrated in staining experiments on mouse skin tissue, and specific modulation of BLT2-induced cAMP signaling provided further evidence for receptor binding and ligand functionality. In conclusion, the fluorescent ligands developed in this study are suitable to investigate the pharmacology of BLT2 receptor ligands in a variety of assay systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Heering
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Victor Hernandez-Olmos
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Niklas Ildefeld
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ting Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anja Kaiser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Zumer Naeem
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Timo Frömel
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ingrid Fleming
- Institute for Vascular Signalling, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, D-60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60596 Frankfurt, Germany.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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23
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Krishna Deepak RNV, Verma RK, Hartono YD, Yew WS, Fan H. Recent Advances in Structure, Function, and Pharmacology of Class A Lipid GPCRs: Opportunities and Challenges for Drug Discovery. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 15:12. [PMID: 35056070 PMCID: PMC8779880 DOI: 10.3390/ph15010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Great progress has been made over the past decade in understanding the structural, functional, and pharmacological diversity of lipid GPCRs. From the first determination of the crystal structure of bovine rhodopsin in 2000, much progress has been made in the field of GPCR structural biology. The extraordinary progress in structural biology and pharmacology of GPCRs, coupled with rapid advances in computational approaches to study receptor dynamics and receptor-ligand interactions, has broadened our comprehension of the structural and functional facets of the receptor family members and has helped usher in a modern age of structure-based drug design and development. First, we provide a primer on lipid mediators and lipid GPCRs and their role in physiology and diseases as well as their value as drug targets. Second, we summarize the current advancements in the understanding of structural features of lipid GPCRs, such as the structural variation of their extracellular domains, diversity of their orthosteric and allosteric ligand binding sites, and molecular mechanisms of ligand binding. Third, we close by collating the emerging paradigms and opportunities in targeting lipid GPCRs, including a brief discussion on current strategies, challenges, and the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. N. V. Krishna Deepak
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
| | - Yossa Dwi Hartono
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wen Shan Yew
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 8 Medical Drive, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore; (R.K.V.); (Y.D.H.)
- Synthetic Biology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
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24
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Ballante F, Kooistra AJ, Kampen S, de Graaf C, Carlsson J. Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Ligands of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: What Can Molecular Docking Do for You? Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:527-565. [PMID: 34907092 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome and are important therapeutic targets. During the last decade, the number of atomic-resolution structures of GPCRs has increased rapidly, providing insights into drug binding at the molecular level. These breakthroughs have created excitement regarding the potential of using structural information in ligand design and initiated a new era of rational drug discovery for GPCRs. The molecular docking method is now widely applied to model the three-dimensional structures of GPCR-ligand complexes and screen for chemical probes in large compound libraries. In this review article, we first summarize the current structural coverage of the GPCR superfamily and the understanding of receptor-ligand interactions at atomic resolution. We then present the general workflow of structure-based virtual screening and strategies to discover GPCR ligands in chemical libraries. We assess the state of the art of this research field by summarizing prospective applications of virtual screening based on experimental structures. Strategies to identify compounds with specific efficacy and selectivity profiles are discussed, illustrating the opportunities and limitations of the molecular docking method. Our overview shows that structure-based virtual screening can discover novel leads and will be essential in pursuing the next generation of GPCR drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Extraordinary advances in the structural biology of G protein-coupled receptors have revealed the molecular details of ligand recognition by this large family of therapeutic targets, providing novel avenues for rational drug design. Structure-based docking is an efficient computational approach to identify novel chemical probes from large compound libraries, which has the potential to accelerate the development of drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Ballante
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Albert J Kooistra
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Stefanie Kampen
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Chris de Graaf
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
| | - Jens Carlsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden (F.B., S.K., J.C.); Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark (A.J.K.); and Sosei Heptares, Steinmetz Building, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge, United Kingdom (C.d.G.)
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25
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Gilbert NC, Newcomer ME, Werz O. Untangling the web of 5-lipoxygenase-derived products from a molecular and structural perspective: The battle between pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 193:114759. [PMID: 34487716 PMCID: PMC8865081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is the precursor to leukotrienes (LT), potent mediators of the inflammatory response. In the 35 + years since cysteinyl-LTs were reported to mediate antigen-induced constriction of bronchi in tissue from asthma patients, numerous cellular responses evoked by the LTs, such as chemoattraction and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) activation, have been elucidated and revealed a potential for 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) as a promising drug target that goes beyond asthma. We describe herein early work identifying 5-LOX as the key enzyme that initiates LT biosynthesis and the discovery of its membrane-embedded helper protein required to execute the two-step reaction that transforms AA to the progenitor leukotriene A4 (LTA4). 5-LOX must traffic to the nuclear membrane to interact with its partner and undergo a conformational change so that AA can enter the active site. Additionally, the enzyme must retain the hydroperoxy-reaction intermediate for its final transformation to LTA4. Each of these steps provide a unique target for inhibition. Next, we describe the recent structures of GPCRs that recognize metabolites of the 5-LOX pathway and thus provide target alternatives. We also highlight the role of 5-LOX in the biosynthesis of anti-inflammatory lipid mediators (LM), the so-called specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). The involvement of 5-LOX in the biosynthesis of LM with opposing functions undoubtedly complicates the continuing search for 5-LOX inhibitors as therapeutic leads. Finally, we address the recent discovery of how some allosteric 5-LOX inhibitors promote oxygenation at the 12/15 carbon on AA to generate mediators that resolve, rather than promote, inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel C Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Oliver Werz
- Department of Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
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26
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Eicosanoid receptors as therapeutic targets for asthma. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1945-1980. [PMID: 34401905 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Eicosanoids comprise a group of oxidation products of arachidonic and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acids formed by oxygenases and downstream enzymes. The two major pathways for eicosanoid formation are initiated by the actions of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), leading to leukotrienes (LTs) and 5-oxo-6,8,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (5-oxo-ETE), and cyclooxygenase (COX), leading to prostaglandins (PGs) and thromboxane (TX). A third group (specialized pro-resolving mediators; SPMs), including lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and resolvins (Rvs), are formed by the combined actions of different oxygenases. The actions of the above eicosanoids are mediated by approximately 20 G protein-coupled receptors, resulting in a variety of both detrimental and beneficial effects on airway smooth muscle and inflammatory cells that are strongly implicated in asthma pathophysiology. Drugs targeting proinflammatory eicosanoid receptors, including CysLT1, the receptor for LTD4 (montelukast) and TP, the receptor for TXA2 (seratrodast) are currently in use, whereas antagonists of a number of other receptors, including DP2 (PGD2), BLT1 (LTB4), and OXE (5-oxo-ETE) are under investigation. Agonists targeting anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving eicosanoid receptors such as EP2/4 (PGE2), IP (PGI2), ALX/FPR2 (LXA4), and Chemerin1 (RvE1/2) are also being examined. This review summarizes the contributions of eicosanoid receptors to the pathophysiology of asthma and the potential therapeutic benefits of drugs that target these receptors. Because of the multifactorial nature of asthma and the diverse pathways affected by eicosanoid receptors, it will be important to identify subgroups of asthmatics that are likely to respond to any given therapy.
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27
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Zou R, Wang X, Li S, Chan HCS, Vogel H, Yuan S. The role of metal ions in G protein‐coupled receptor signalling and drug discovery. WIRES COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Zou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- AlphaMol Science Ltd Shenzhen China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Shu Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - H. C. Stephen Chan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
| | - Horst Vogel
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- AlphaMol Science Ltd Shenzhen China
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Shuguang Yuan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen China
- AlphaMol Science Ltd Shenzhen China
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28
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Discovery of Novel Allosteric Modulators Targeting an Extra-Helical Binding Site of GLP-1R Using Structure- and Ligand-Based Virtual Screening. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070929. [PMID: 34201418 PMCID: PMC8301998 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulators have emerged with many potential pharmacological advantages as they do not compete the binding of agonist or antagonist to the orthosteric sites but ultimately affect downstream signaling. To identify allosteric modulators targeting an extra-helical binding site of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) within the membrane environment, the following two computational approaches were applied: structure-based virtual screening with consideration of lipid contacts and ligand-based virtual screening with the maintenance of specific allosteric pocket residue interactions. Verified by radiolabeled ligand binding and cAMP accumulation experiments, two negative allosteric modulators and seven positive allosteric modulators were discovered using structure-based and ligand-based virtual screening methods, respectively. The computational approach presented here could possibly be used to discover allosteric modulators of other G protein-coupled receptors.
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29
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Lu Y, Liu H, Yang D, Zhong L, Xin Y, Zhao S, Wang MW, Zhou Q, Shui W. Affinity Mass Spectrometry-Based Fragment Screening Identified a New Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Adenosine A 2A Receptor Targeting the Sodium Ion Pocket. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:991-1002. [PMID: 34048655 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Allosteric ligands provide new opportunities to modulate G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) function and present therapeutic benefits over orthosteric molecules. Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) can inhibit the activation of a receptor and downstream signal transduction. Screening NAMs for a GPCR target is particularly challenging because of the difficulty in distinguishing NAMs from antagonists bound to the orthosteric site as they both show inhibitory effects in receptor signaling assays. Here we report an affinity mass spectrometry (MS)-based approach tailored to screening potential NAMs of a GPCR target especially from fragment libraries. Compared to regular surface plasmon resonance or NMR-based methods for fragment screening, our approach features a reduction of the protein and compound consumption by 2-4 orders of magnitude and an increase in the data acquisition speed by 2-3 orders of magnitude. Our affinity MS-based fragment screening led to the identification of a new NAM of the adenosine A2A receptor (A2AAR) bearing an unprecedented azetidine moiety predicted to occupy the allosteric sodium binding site. Molecular dynamics simulations, ligand structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, and in-solution NMR analyses further revealed the unique binding mode and antagonistic property of this compound that differs considerably from HMA (5-(N,N-hexamethylene)amiloride), a well-characterized NAM of A2AAR. Taken together, our work would facilitate fragment-based screening of allosteric modulators, as well as guide the design of novel NAMs acting at the sodium ion pocket of class A GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongyue Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Li Zhong
- The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ye Xin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The National Center for Drug Screening and the CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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30
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Koga T, Sasaki F, Saeki K, Tsuchiya S, Okuno T, Ohba M, Ichiki T, Iwamoto S, Uzawa H, Kitajima K, Meno C, Nakamura E, Tada N, Fukui Y, Kikuta J, Ishii M, Sugimoto Y, Nakao M, Yokomizo T. Expression of leukotriene B 4 receptor 1 defines functionally distinct DCs that control allergic skin inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2021; 18:1437-1449. [PMID: 33037399 PMCID: PMC8167169 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor 1 (BLT1) is a chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor expressed by leukocytes, such as granulocytes, macrophages, and activated T cells. Although there is growing evidence that BLT1 plays crucial roles in immune responses, its role in dendritic cells remains largely unknown. Here, we identified novel DC subsets defined by the expression of BLT1, namely, BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs. We also found that BLT1hi and BLT1lo DCs differentially migrated toward LTB4 and CCL21, a lymph node-homing chemoattractant, respectively. By generating LTB4-producing enzyme LTA4H knockout mice and CD11c promoter-driven Cre recombinase-expressing BLT1 conditional knockout (BLT1 cKO) mice, we showed that the migration of BLT1hi DCs exacerbated allergic contact dermatitis. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis revealed that BLT1hi DCs preferentially induced Th1 differentiation by upregulating IL-12p35 expression, whereas BLT1lo DCs accelerated T cell proliferation by producing IL-2. Collectively, the data reveal an unexpected role for BLT1 as a novel DC subset marker and provide novel insights into the role of the LTB4-BLT1 axis in the spatiotemporal regulation of distinct DC subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Koga
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazuko Saeki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soken Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Okuno
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Mai Ohba
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takako Ichiki
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Satoshi Iwamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hirotsugu Uzawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Keiko Kitajima
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Chikara Meno
- Department of Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Eri Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Norihiro Tada
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Nakao
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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31
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Michaelian N, Sadybekov A, Besserer-Offroy É, Han GW, Krishnamurthy H, Zamlynny BA, Fradera X, Siliphaivanh P, Presland J, Spencer KB, Soisson SM, Popov P, Sarret P, Katritch V, Cherezov V. Structural insights on ligand recognition at the human leukotriene B4 receptor 1. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2971. [PMID: 34016973 PMCID: PMC8137929 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23149-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The leukotriene B4 receptor 1 (BLT1) regulates the recruitment and chemotaxis of different cell types and plays a role in the pathophysiology of infectious, allergic, metabolic, and tumorigenic human diseases. Here we present a crystal structure of human BLT1 (hBLT1) in complex with a selective antagonist MK-D-046, developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and other inflammatory conditions. Comprehensive analysis of the structure and structure-activity relationship data, reinforced by site-directed mutagenesis and docking studies, reveals molecular determinants of ligand binding and selectivity toward different BLT receptor subtypes and across species. The structure helps to identify a putative membrane-buried ligand access channel as well as potential receptor binding modes of endogenous agonists. These structural insights of hBLT1 enrich our understanding of its ligand recognition and open up future avenues in structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairie Michaelian
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Anastasiia Sadybekov
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada ,grid.19006.3e0000 0000 9632 6718Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Gye Won Han
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Harini Krishnamurthy
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Beata A. Zamlynny
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Xavier Fradera
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Phieng Siliphaivanh
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Jeremy Presland
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Kerrie B. Spencer
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Stephen M. Soisson
- grid.417993.10000 0001 2260 0793Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA
| | - Petr Popov
- grid.454320.40000 0004 0555 3608Center for Computational and Data Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia ,grid.18763.3b0000000092721542Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
| | - Philippe Sarret
- grid.86715.3d0000 0000 9064 6198Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.42505.360000 0001 2156 6853Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA USA ,grid.18763.3b0000000092721542Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia
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32
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Abstract
Opioids such as morphine and oxycodone are analgesics frequently prescribed for the treatment of moderate or severe pain. Unfortunately, these medications are associated with exceptionally high abuse potentials and often cause fatal side effects, mainly through the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). Efforts to discover novel, safer, and more efficacious analgesics targeting MOR have encountered challenges. In this review, we summarize alternative strategies and targets that could be used to develop safer nonopioid analgesics. A molecular understanding of G protein-coupled receptor activation and signaling has illuminated not only the complexities of receptor pharmacology but also the potential for pathway-selective agonists and allosteric modulators as safer medications. The availability of structures of pain-related receptors, in combination with high-throughput computational tools, has accelerated the discovery of multitarget ligands with promising pharmacological profiles. Emerging clinical evidence also supports the notion that drugs targeting peripheral opioid receptors have potential as improved analgesic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA; .,Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA;
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33
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Cryo-EM Structure of the Prostaglandin E Receptor EP4 Coupled to G Protein. Structure 2020; 29:252-260.e6. [PMID: 33264604 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E receptor EP4, a class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a common drug target in various disorders, such as acute decompensated heart failure and ulcerative colitis. Here, we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the EP4-heterotrimeric G protein (Gs) complex with the endogenous ligand at a global resolution of 3.3 Å. In this structure, compared with that in the inactive EP4 structure, the sixth transmembrane domain is shifted outward on the intracellular side, although the shift is smaller than that in other class A GPCRs bound to Gs. Instead, the C-terminal helix of Gs is inserted toward TM2 of EP4, and the conserved C-terminal hook structure formsthe extended state. These structural features are formed by the conserved residues in prostanoid receptors (Phe542.39 and Trp3277.51). These findings may be important for the thorough understanding of the G protein-binding mechanism of EP4 and other prostanoid receptors.
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34
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Jones EM, Lubock NB, Venkatakrishnan AJ, Wang J, Tseng AM, Paggi JM, Latorraca NR, Cancilla D, Satyadi M, Davis JE, Babu MM, Dror RO, Kosuri S. Structural and functional characterization of G protein-coupled receptors with deep mutational scanning. eLife 2020; 9:54895. [PMID: 33084570 PMCID: PMC7707821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.54895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The >800 human G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are responsible for transducing diverse chemical stimuli to alter cell state- and are the largest class of drug targets. Their myriad structural conformations and various modes of signaling make it challenging to understand their structure and function. Here, we developed a platform to characterize large libraries of GPCR variants in human cell lines with a barcoded transcriptional reporter of G protein signal transduction. We tested 7800 of 7828 possible single amino acid substitutions to the beta-2 adrenergic receptor (β2AR) at four concentrations of the agonist isoproterenol. We identified residues specifically important for β2AR signaling, mutations in the human population that are potentially loss of function, and residues that modulate basal activity. Using unsupervised learning, we identify residues critical for signaling, including all major structural motifs and molecular interfaces. We also find a previously uncharacterized structural latch spanning the first two extracellular loops that is highly conserved across Class A GPCRs and is conformationally rigid in both the inactive and active states of the receptor. More broadly, by linking deep mutational scanning with engineered transcriptional reporters, we establish a generalizable method for exploring pharmacogenomics, structure and function across broad classes of drug receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric M Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Nathan B Lubock
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - A J Venkatakrishnan
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Computer Science, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Jeffrey Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Alex M Tseng
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Computer Science, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Joseph M Paggi
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Computer Science, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Naomi R Latorraca
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Computer Science, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Daniel Cancilla
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Megan Satyadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Jessica E Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ron O Dror
- Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Institute for Computational and Mathematical Engineering, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science, Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Computer Science, Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Sriram Kosuri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCLA-DOE Institute for Genomics and Proteomics, Molecular Biology Institute, Quantitative and Computational Biology Institute, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, United States
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35
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Mizuno H, Kihara Y. Druggable Lipid GPCRs: Past, Present, and Prospects. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:223-258. [PMID: 32894513 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have seven transmembrane spanning domains and comprise the largest superfamily with ~800 receptors in humans. GPCRs are attractive targets for drug discovery because they transduce intracellular signaling in response to endogenous ligands via heterotrimeric G proteins or arrestins, resulting in a wide variety of physiological and pathophysiological responses. The endogenous ligands for GPCRs are highly chemically diverse and include ions, biogenic amines, nucleotides, peptides, and lipids. In this review, we follow the KonMari method to better understand druggable lipid GPCRs. First, we have a comprehensive tidying up of lipid GPCRs including receptors for prostanoids, leukotrienes, specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs), lysophospholipids, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), cannabinoids, platelet-activating factor (PAF), free fatty acids (FFAs), and sterols. This tidying up consolidates 46 lipid GPCRs and declutters several perplexing lipid GPCRs. Then, we further tidy up the lipid GPCR-directed drugs from the literature and databases, which identified 24 clinical drugs targeting 16 unique lipid GPCRs available in the market and 44 drugs under evaluation in more than 100 clinical trials as of 2019. Finally, we introduce drug designs for GPCRs that spark joy, such as positive or negative allosteric modulators (PAM or NAM), biased agonism, functional antagonism like fingolimod, and monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These strategic drug designs may increase the efficacy and specificity of drugs and reduce side effects. Technological advances will help to discover more endogenous lipid ligands from the vast number of remaining orphan GPCRs and will also lead to the development novel lipid GPCR drugs to treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yasuyuki Kihara
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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36
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Dijkman PM, Muñoz-García JC, Lavington SR, Kumagai PS, dos Reis RI, Yin D, Stansfeld PJ, Costa-Filho AJ, Watts A. Conformational dynamics of a G protein-coupled receptor helix 8 in lipid membranes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaav8207. [PMID: 32851152 PMCID: PMC7428336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav8207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and pharmaceutically most important class of membrane proteins encoded in the human genome, characterized by a seven-transmembrane helix architecture and a C-terminal amphipathic helix 8 (H8). In a minority of GPCR structures solved to date, H8 either is absent or adopts an unusual conformation. The controversial existence of H8 of the class A GPCR neurotensin receptor 1 (NTS1) has been examined here for the nonthermostabilized receptor in a functionally supporting membrane environment using electron paramagnetic resonance, molecular dynamics simulations, and circular dichroism. Lipid-protein interactions with phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipids, in particular, stabilize the residues 374 to 390 of NTS1 into forming a helix. Furthermore, introduction of a helix-breaking proline residue in H8 elicited an increase in ß-arrestin-NTS1 interactions observed in pull-down assays, suggesting that the structure and/or dynamics of H8 might play an important role in GPCR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia M. Dijkman
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Juan C. Muñoz-García
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Steven R. Lavington
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Patricia Suemy Kumagai
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Trabalhador São-Carlense 400, C.P. 369, São Carlos SP 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Rosana I. dos Reis
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Daniel Yin
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Phillip J. Stansfeld
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- School of Life Sciences & Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Antonio José Costa-Filho
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Anthony Watts
- Biomembrane Structure Unit, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
- Corresponding author.
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37
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Takaba K, Maki-Yonekura S, Yonekura K. Collecting large datasets of rotational electron diffraction with ParallEM and SerialEM. J Struct Biol 2020; 211:107549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2020.107549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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38
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Hirakata T, Matsuda A, Yokomizo T. Leukotriene B 4 receptors as therapeutic targets for ophthalmic diseases. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1865:158756. [PMID: 32535236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is an inflammatory lipid mediator produced from arachidonic acid by multiple reactions catalyzed by two enzymes 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) and LTA4 hydrolase (LTA4H). The two receptors for LTB4 have been identified: a high-affinity receptor, BLT1, and a low-affinity receptor, BLT2. Our group identified 12(S)-hydroxy-5Z,8E,10E-heptadecatrienoic acid (12-HHT) as a high-affinity BLT2 ligand. Numerous studies have revealed critical roles for LTB4 and its receptors in various systemic diseases. Recently, we also reported the roles of LTB4, BLT1 and BLT2 in the murine ophthalmic disease models of mice including cornea wound, allergic conjunctivitis, and age-related macular degeneration. Moreover, other groups revealed the evidence of the ocular function of LTB4. In the present review, we introduce the roles of LTB4 and its receptors both in ophthalmic diseases and systemic inflammatory diseases. LTB4 and its receptors are putative novel therapeutic targets for systemic and ophthalmic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Hirakata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Matsuda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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39
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Harayama T, Shimizu T. Roles of polyunsaturated fatty acids, from mediators to membranes. J Lipid Res 2020; 61:1150-1160. [PMID: 32487545 PMCID: PMC7397749 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r120000800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PUFAs, such as AA and DHA, are recognized as important biomolecules, but understanding their precise roles and modes of action remains challenging. PUFAs are precursors for a plethora of signaling lipids, for which knowledge about synthetic pathways and receptors has accumulated. However, due to their extreme diversity and the ambiguity concerning the identity of their cognate receptors, the roles of PUFA-derived signaling lipids require more investigation. In addition, PUFA functions cannot be explained just as lipid mediator precursors because they are also critical for the regulation of membrane biophysical properties. The presence of PUFAs in membrane lipids also affects the functions of transmembrane proteins and peripheral membrane proteins. Although the roles of PUFAs as membrane lipid building blocks were difficult to analyze, the discovery of lysophospholipid acyltransferases (LPLATs), which are critical for their incorporation, advanced our understanding. Recent studies unveiled how LPLATs affect PUFA levels in membrane lipids, and their genetic manipulation became an excellent strategy to study the roles of PUFA-containing lipids. In this review, we will provide an overview of metabolic pathways regulating PUFAs as lipid mediator precursors and membrane components and update recent progress about their functions. Some issues to be solved for future research will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Harayama
- Department of Biochemistry and National Centre of Competence in Research in Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Takao Shimizu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan and Department of Lipidomics, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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40
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Shchepinova MM, Hanyaloglu AC, Frost GS, Tate EW. Chemical biology of noncanonical G protein-coupled receptor signaling: Toward advanced therapeutics. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 56:98-110. [PMID: 32446179 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of signaling membrane proteins, are the target of more than 30% of the drugs on the market. Recently, it has become clear that GPCR functions are far more multidimensional than previously thought, with multiple noncanonical aspects coming to light, including biased, oligomeric, and compartmentalized signaling. These additional layers of functional selectivity greatly expand opportunities for advanced therapeutic interventions, but the development of new chemical biology tools is absolutely required to improve our understanding of noncanonical GPCR regulation and pave the way for future drugs. In this opinion, we highlight the most notable examples of chemical and chemogenetic tools addressing new paradigms in GPCR signaling, discuss their promises and limitations, and explore future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Shchepinova
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Aylin C Hanyaloglu
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Dept. Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Gary S Frost
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, 80 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
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41
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Sasaki F, Yokomizo T. The leukotriene receptors as therapeutic targets of inflammatory diseases. Int Immunol 2020; 31:607-615. [PMID: 31135881 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxz044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukotrienes (LTs) are inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid. LTs include the di-hydroxy acid LT (LTB4) and the cysteinyl LTs (CysLTs; LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4), all of which are involved in both acute and chronic inflammation. We and other groups identified a high-affinity LTB4 receptor, BLT1; the LTC4 and LTD4 receptors, CysLT1 and CysLT2; and the LTE4 receptor, GPR99. Pharmacological studies have shown that BLT1 signaling stimulates degranulation, chemotaxis and phagocytosis of neutrophils, whereas CysLT1 and CysLT2 signaling induces airway inflammation by increasing vascular permeability and the contraction of bronchial smooth muscle. Recently, we and other groups suggested that the LTB4-BLT1 axis and the cysteinyl LTs-CysLT1/2 axis are involved in chronic inflammatory diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, arthritis, obesity, cancer and age-related macular degeneration using animal models for disease and gene knockout mice. This review describes the classical and novel functions of LTs and their receptors in several inflammatory diseases and discusses the potential clinical applications of antagonists for LT receptors and inhibitors of LT biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiyuki Sasaki
- Department of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Yokomizo
- Department of Biochemistry, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
The advent of the X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) in the last decade created the discipline of serial crystallography but also the challenge of how crystal samples are delivered to X-ray. Early sample delivery methods demonstrated the proof-of-concept for serial crystallography and XFEL but were beset with challenges of high sample consumption, jet clogging and low data collection efficiency. The potential of XFEL and serial crystallography as the next frontier of structural solution by X-ray for small and weakly diffracting crystals and provision of ultra-fast time-resolved structural data spawned a huge amount of scientific interest and innovation. To utilize the full potential of XFEL and broaden its applicability to a larger variety of biological samples, researchers are challenged to develop better sample delivery methods. Thus, sample delivery is one of the key areas of research and development in the serial crystallography scientific community. Sample delivery currently falls into three main systems: jet-based methods, fixed-target chips, and drop-on-demand. Huge strides have since been made in reducing sample consumption and improving data collection efficiency, thus enabling the use of XFEL for many biological systems to provide high-resolution, radiation damage-free structural data as well as time-resolved dynamics studies. This review summarizes the current main strategies in sample delivery and their respective pros and cons, as well as some future direction.
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Zhuang Y, Liu H, Edward Zhou X, Kumar Verma R, de Waal PW, Jang W, Xu TH, Wang L, Meng X, Zhao G, Kang Y, Melcher K, Fan H, Lambert NA, Eric Xu H, Zhang C. Structure of formylpeptide receptor 2-G i complex reveals insights into ligand recognition and signaling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:885. [PMID: 32060286 PMCID: PMC7021761 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-14728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Formylpeptide receptors (FPRs) as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can recognize formylpeptides derived from pathogens or host cells to function in host defense and cell clearance. In addition, FPRs, especially FPR2, can also recognize other ligands with a large chemical diversity generated at different stages of inflammation to either promote or resolve inflammation in order to maintain a balanced inflammatory response. The mechanism underlying promiscuous ligand recognition and activation of FPRs is not clear. Here we report a cryo-EM structure of FPR2-Gi signaling complex with a peptide agonist. The structure reveals a widely open extracellular region with an amphiphilic environment for ligand binding. Together with computational docking and simulation, the structure suggests a molecular basis for the recognition of formylpeptides and a potential mechanism of receptor activation, and reveals conserved and divergent features in Gi coupling. Our results provide a basis for understanding the molecular mechanism of the functional promiscuity of FPRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youwen Zhuang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Heng Liu
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - X Edward Zhou
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Ravi Kumar Verma
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parker W de Waal
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Wonjo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ting-Hai Xu
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Xing Meng
- David Van Andel Advanced Cryo-Electron Microscopy Suite, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Gongpu Zhao
- David Van Andel Advanced Cryo-Electron Microscopy Suite, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Yanyong Kang
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
- Takeda Research, 9625 Towne Centre Drive, San Diego, CA, 92130, USA
| | - Karsten Melcher
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - H Eric Xu
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Center for Cancer and Cell Biology, Program for Structural Biology, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Laboratory for GPCR Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Giusti F, Casiraghi M, Point E, Damian M, Rieger J, Bon CL, Pozza A, Moncoq K, Banères JL, Catoire LJ. Structure of the agonist 12-HHT in its BLT2 receptor-bound state. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2630. [PMID: 32060341 PMCID: PMC7021728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59571-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
G Protein-Coupled receptors represent the main communicating pathway for signals from the outside to the inside of most of eukaryotic cells. They define the largest family of integral membrane receptors at the surface of the cells and constitute the main target of the current drugs on the market. The low affinity leukotriene receptor BLT2 is a receptor involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways and can be activated by various unsaturated fatty acid compounds. We present here the NMR structure of the agonist 12-HHT in its BLT2-bound state and a model of interaction of the ligand with the receptor based on a conformational homology modeling associated with docking simulations. Put into perspective with the data obtained with leukotriene B4, our results illuminate the ligand selectivity of BLT2 and may help define new molecules to modulate the activity of this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Giusti
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.,Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule, ICSM UMR 5257, Site de Marcoule, Bâtiment 426, BP 17171, F-30207, Bagnols sur Cèze Cedex, France
| | - Marina Casiraghi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, 279 Campus Drive, 94305, Stanford California, USA
| | - Elodie Point
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Marjorie Damian
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, , 15 av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Jutta Rieger
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, UMR 8232, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex, 05, France
| | - Christel Le Bon
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Pozza
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Karine Moncoq
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS, Université Montpellier, ENSCM, , 15 av. Charles Flahault, 34093, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent J Catoire
- Laboratoire de Biologie Physico-Chimique des Protéines Membranaires, UMR 7099, CNRS/Université de Paris, Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (FRC 550), 13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75005, Paris, France.
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45
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Yanagida K, Valentine WJ. Druggable Lysophospholipid Signaling Pathways. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:137-176. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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46
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Zhou Q, Yang D, Wu M, Guo Y, Guo W, Zhong L, Cai X, Dai A, Jang W, Shakhnovich EI, Liu ZJ, Stevens RC, Lambert NA, Babu MM, Wang MW, Zhao S. Common activation mechanism of class A GPCRs. eLife 2019; 8:e50279. [PMID: 31855179 PMCID: PMC6954041 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Class A G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) influence virtually every aspect of human physiology. Understanding receptor activation mechanism is critical for discovering novel therapeutics since about one-third of all marketed drugs target members of this family. GPCR activation is an allosteric process that couples agonist binding to G-protein recruitment, with the hallmark outward movement of transmembrane helix 6 (TM6). However, what leads to TM6 movement and the key residue level changes of this movement remain less well understood. Here, we report a framework to quantify conformational changes. By analyzing the conformational changes in 234 structures from 45 class A GPCRs, we discovered a common GPCR activation pathway comprising of 34 residue pairs and 35 residues. The pathway unifies previous findings into a common activation mechanism and strings together the scattered key motifs such as CWxP, DRY, Na+ pocket, NPxxY and PIF, thereby directly linking the bottom of ligand-binding pocket with G-protein coupling region. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments support this proposition and reveal that rational mutations of residues in this pathway can be used to obtain receptors that are constitutively active or inactive. The common activation pathway provides the mechanistic interpretation of constitutively activating, inactivating and disease mutations. As a module responsible for activation, the common pathway allows for decoupling of the evolution of the ligand binding site and G-protein-binding region. Such an architecture might have facilitated GPCRs to emerge as a highly successful family of proteins for signal transduction in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtong Zhou
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Dehua Yang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The National Center for Drug ScreeningShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Meng Wu
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Guo
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wanjing Guo
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The National Center for Drug ScreeningShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Li Zhong
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The National Center for Drug ScreeningShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaoqing Cai
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- The National Center for Drug ScreeningShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Antao Dai
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- The National Center for Drug ScreeningShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Wonjo Jang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - Eugene I Shakhnovich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical BiologyHarvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Raymond C Stevens
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Nevin A Lambert
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of GeorgiaAugusta UniversityAugustaUnited States
| | - M Madan Babu
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular BiologyCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor ResearchShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- The National Center for Drug ScreeningShanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman InstituteShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Life Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghaiChina
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47
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Claff T, Yu J, Blais V, Patel N, Martin C, Wu L, Han GW, Holleran BJ, Van der Poorten O, White KL, Hanson MA, Sarret P, Gendron L, Cherezov V, Katritch V, Ballet S, Liu ZJ, Müller CE, Stevens RC. Elucidating the active δ-opioid receptor crystal structure with peptide and small-molecule agonists. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax9115. [PMID: 31807708 PMCID: PMC6881160 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax9115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Selective activation of the δ-opioid receptor (DOP) has great potential for the treatment of chronic pain, benefitting from ancillary anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects. Moreover, DOP agonists show reduced adverse effects as compared to μ-opioid receptor (MOP) agonists that are in the spotlight of the current "opioid crisis." Here, we report the first crystal structures of the DOP in an activated state, in complex with two relevant and structurally diverse agonists: the potent opioid agonist peptide KGCHM07 and the small-molecule agonist DPI-287 at 2.8 and 3.3 Å resolution, respectively. Our study identifies key determinants for agonist recognition, receptor activation, and DOP selectivity, revealing crucial differences between both agonist scaffolds. Our findings provide the first investigation into atomic-scale agonist binding at the DOP, supported by site-directed mutagenesis and pharmacological characterization. These structures will underpin the future structure-based development of DOP agonists for an improved pain treatment with fewer adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Claff
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jing Yu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Véronique Blais
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nilkanth Patel
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Charlotte Martin
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lijie Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Brian J. Holleran
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Olivier Van der Poorten
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kate L. White
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Louis Gendron
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Steven Ballet
- Research Group of Organic Chemistry, Departments of Chemistry and Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhi-Jie Liu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Christa E. Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Corresponding author. (C.E.M.); (R.C.S.)
| | - Raymond C. Stevens
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Ren Building, 393 Middle Huaxia Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201210, China
- Departments of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
- Corresponding author. (C.E.M.); (R.C.S.)
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48
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Zarzycka B, Zaidi SA, Roth BL, Katritch V. Harnessing Ion-Binding Sites for GPCR Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:571-595. [PMID: 31551350 PMCID: PMC6782022 DOI: 10.1124/pr.119.017863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous ions play important roles in the function and pharmacology of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Historically the evidence for ionic modulation of GPCR function dates to 1973 with studies of opioid receptors, where it was demonstrated that physiologic concentrations of sodium allosterically attenuated agonist binding. This Na+-selective effect was distinct from effects of other monovalent and divalent cations, with the latter usually counteracting sodium's negative allosteric modulation of binding. Since then, numerous studies documenting the effects of mono- and divalent ions on GPCR function have been published. While ions can act selectively and nonselectively at many sites in different receptors, the discovery of the conserved sodium ion site in class A GPCR structures in 2012 revealed the unique nature of Na+ site, which has emerged as a near-universal site for allosteric modulation of class A GPCR structure and function. In this review, we synthesize and highlight recent advances in the functional, biophysical, and structural characterization of ions bound to GPCRs. Taken together, these findings provide a molecular understanding of the unique roles of Na+ and other ions as GPCR allosteric modulators. We will also discuss how this knowledge can be applied to the redesign of receptors and ligand probes for desired functional and pharmacological profiles. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The function and pharmacology of GPCRs strongly depend on the presence of mono and divalent ions in experimental assays and in living organisms. Recent insights into the molecular mechanism of this ion-dependent allosterism from structural, biophysical, biochemical, and computational studies provide quantitative understandings of the pharmacological effects of drugs in vitro and in vivo and open new avenues for the rational design of chemical probes and drug candidates with improved properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zarzycka
- Departments of Biological Sciences (B.Z., S.A.Z., V.K.) and Chemistry (V.K.), Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Pharmacology (B.L.R.) and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (B.L.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Departments of Biological Sciences (B.Z., S.A.Z., V.K.) and Chemistry (V.K.), Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Pharmacology (B.L.R.) and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (B.L.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Departments of Biological Sciences (B.Z., S.A.Z., V.K.) and Chemistry (V.K.), Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Pharmacology (B.L.R.) and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (B.L.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Departments of Biological Sciences (B.Z., S.A.Z., V.K.) and Chemistry (V.K.), Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; and Department of Pharmacology (B.L.R.) and Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy (B.L.R.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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49
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Luginina A, Gusach A, Marin E, Mishin A, Brouillette R, Popov P, Shiriaeva A, Besserer-Offroy É, Longpré JM, Lyapina E, Ishchenko A, Patel N, Polovinkin V, Safronova N, Bogorodskiy A, Edelweiss E, Hu H, Weierstall U, Liu W, Batyuk A, Gordeliy V, Han GW, Sarret P, Katritch V, Borshchevskiy V, Cherezov V. Structure-based mechanism of cysteinyl leukotriene receptor inhibition by antiasthmatic drugs. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaax2518. [PMID: 31633023 PMCID: PMC6785256 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled cysteinyl leukotriene receptor CysLT1R mediates inflammatory processes and plays a major role in numerous disorders, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Selective CysLT1R antagonists are widely prescribed as antiasthmatic drugs; however, these drugs demonstrate low effectiveness in some patients and exhibit a variety of side effects. To gain deeper understanding into the functional mechanisms of CysLTRs, we determined the crystal structures of CysLT1R bound to two chemically distinct antagonists, zafirlukast and pranlukast. The structures reveal unique ligand-binding modes and signaling mechanisms, including lateral ligand access to the orthosteric pocket between transmembrane helices TM4 and TM5, an atypical pattern of microswitches, and a distinct four-residue-coordinated sodium site. These results provide important insights and structural templates for rational discovery of safer and more effective drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Luginina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Gusach
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Egor Marin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Alexey Mishin
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Rebecca Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Petr Popov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Anna Shiriaeva
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Élie Besserer-Offroy
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Longpré
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Elizaveta Lyapina
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrii Ishchenko
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Nilkanth Patel
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Vitaly Polovinkin
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nadezhda Safronova
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Andrey Bogorodskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
| | - Evelina Edelweiss
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Hao Hu
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Uwe Weierstall
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Wei Liu
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Alexander Batyuk
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Valentin Gordeliy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institut de Biologie Structurale J.-P. Ebel, Université Grenoble Alpes-CEA-CNRS, Grenoble 38000, France
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Institute of Crystallography, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gye Won Han
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Philippe Sarret
- Department of Pharmacology-Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institut de Pharmacologie de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Valentin Borshchevskiy
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Institute of Complex Systems, ICS-6: Structural Biochemistry, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Juelich Center for Structural Biology, Research Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Research Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141701, Russia
- Departments of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Massink A, Amelia T, Karamychev A, IJzerman AP. Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors by amiloride and its derivatives. Perspectives for drug discovery? Med Res Rev 2019; 40:683-708. [PMID: 31495942 PMCID: PMC7028016 DOI: 10.1002/med.21633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The function of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) can be modulated by compounds that bind to other sites than the endogenous orthosteric binding site, so‐called allosteric sites. Structure elucidation of a number of GPCRs has revealed the presence of a sodium ion bound in a conserved allosteric site. The small molecule amiloride and analogs thereof have been proposed to bind in this same sodium ion site. Hence, this review seeks to summarize and reflect on the current knowledge of allosteric effects by amiloride and its analogs on GPCRs. Amiloride is known to modulate adenosine, adrenergic, dopamine, chemokine, muscarinic, serotonin, gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, GABAB, and taste receptors. Amiloride analogs with lipophilic substituents tend to be more potent modulators than amiloride itself. Adenosine, α‐adrenergic and dopamine receptors are most strongly modulated by amiloride analogs. In addition, for a few GPCRs, more than one binding site for amiloride has been postulated. Interestingly, the nature of the allosteric effect of amiloride and derivatives varies considerably between GPCRs, with both negative and positive allosteric modulation occurring. Since the sodium ion binding site is strongly conserved among class A GPCRs it is to be expected that amiloride also binds to class A GPCRs not evaluated yet. Investigating this typical amiloride‐GPCR interaction further may yield general insight in the allosteric mechanisms of GPCR ligand binding and function, and possibly provide new opportunities for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Massink
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tasia Amelia
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Karamychev
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan P IJzerman
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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