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Sun M, Li M, Cui X, Yan L, Pei Y, Wang C, Guan C, Zhang X. Terpenoids derived from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae oil enhance sleep by modulating neurotransmitter signaling in mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26979. [PMID: 38463787 PMCID: PMC10923681 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae oil (SZSO) is a natural vegetable oil extracted from Semen Ziziphi Spinosae, a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its sleep-promoting properties, while the mechanisms are still unclear. Our findings revealed that the terpenoids present in SZSO (T-SZSO) were identified as the active components responsible for promoting sleep. Network pharmacological analysis suggested that T-SZSO targeted different sleep-aid pathways to varying degrees and exhibited potential for preventing central nervous system diseases. Notably, lupeol and betulinicaldehyde exhibited more pronounced effects. Additionally, T-SZSO significantly elevated serotonin levels, enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthesis, promoted GABA A receptor expression, and decreased glutamate and norepinephrine expression levels. Moreover, T-SZSO was found to downregulate IL-1β expression while upregulating superoxide dismutase and inducible nitric oxide synthase levels. In conclusion, this study presents the first investigation into the pharmacological basis of SZSO in promoting sleep and highlights the potential of nature food in improving suboptimal health conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhe Sun
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
- Health Foods R&D Office of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Mengnan Li
- National Key Laboratory for Innovation and Transformation of Luobing Theory, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
- Key Laboratory of State Administration of TCM (Cardio-Cerebral Vessel Collateral Disease), Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Xinwen Cui
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lin Yan
- Health Foods R&D Office of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Yiqiao Pei
- College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Health Foods R&D Office of Hebei Yiling Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Shijiazhuang 050035, China
| | - Chunbo Guan
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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2
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Briguglio S, Cambria C, Albizzati E, Marcello E, Provenzano G, Frasca A, Antonucci F. New Views of the DNA Repair Protein Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated in Central Neurons: Contribution in Synaptic Dysfunctions of Neurodevelopmental and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:2181. [PMID: 37681912 PMCID: PMC10486624 DOI: 10.3390/cells12172181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase principally known to orchestrate DNA repair processes upon DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Mutations in the Atm gene lead to Ataxia-Telangiectasia (AT), a recessive disorder characterized by ataxic movements consequent to cerebellar atrophy or dysfunction, along with immune alterations, genomic instability, and predisposition to cancer. AT patients show variable phenotypes ranging from neurologic abnormalities and cognitive impairments to more recently described neuropsychiatric features pointing to symptoms hardly ascribable to the canonical functions of ATM in DNA damage response (DDR). Indeed, evidence suggests that cognitive abilities rely on the proper functioning of DSB machinery and specific synaptic changes in central neurons of ATM-deficient mice unveiled unexpected roles of ATM at the synapse. Thus, in the present review, upon a brief recall of DNA damage responses, we focus our attention on the role of ATM in neuronal physiology and pathology and we discuss recent findings showing structural and functional changes in hippocampal and cortical synapses of AT mouse models. Collectively, a deeper knowledge of ATM-dependent mechanisms in neurons is necessary not only for a better comprehension of AT neurological phenotypes, but also for a higher understanding of the pathological mechanisms in neurodevelopmental and degenerative disorders involving ATM dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Briguglio
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Clara Cambria
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Elena Albizzati
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | - Elena Marcello
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Giuseppe Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, MI, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Provenzano
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology—CIBIO, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38068 Trento, TN, Italy;
| | - Angelisa Frasca
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine (BIOMETRA), University of Milan, Via F.lli Cervi 93, 20129 Segrate (MI) and via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milan, MI, Italy; (S.B.); (C.C.); (A.F.)
- Institute of Neuroscience, IN-CNR, Via Raoul Follereau 3, 20854 Vedano al Lambro, MB, Italy
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3
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Moradi K, Aldarraji Z, Luthra M, Madison GP, Ascoli GA. Normalized unitary synaptic signaling of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex predicted by deep learning of experimental recordings. Commun Biol 2022; 5:418. [PMID: 35513471 PMCID: PMC9072429 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03329-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biologically realistic computer simulations of neuronal circuits require systematic data-driven modeling of neuron type-specific synaptic activity. However, limited experimental yield, heterogeneous recordings conditions, and ambiguous neuronal identification have so far prevented the consistent characterization of synaptic signals for all connections of any neural system. We introduce a strategy to overcome these challenges and report a comprehensive synaptic quantification among all known neuron types of the hippocampal-entorhinal network. First, we reconstructed >2600 synaptic traces from ∼1200 publications into a unified computational representation of synaptic dynamics. We then trained a deep learning architecture with the resulting parameters, each annotated with detailed metadata such as recording method, solutions, and temperature. The model learned to predict the synaptic properties of all 3,120 circuit connections in arbitrary conditions with accuracy approaching the intrinsic experimental variability. Analysis of data normalized and completed with the deep learning model revealed that synaptic signals are controlled by few latent variables associated with specific molecular markers and interrelating conductance, decay time constant, and short-term plasticity. We freely release the tools and full dataset of unitary synaptic values in 32 covariate settings. Normalized synaptic data can be used in brain simulations, and to predict and test experimental hypothesis. A deep learning model trained on roughly 2,600 synaptic traces from hippocampal electrophysiology datasets demonstrates how specific covariates influence synaptic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Moradi
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program and Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zainab Aldarraji
- Bioengineering Department and Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Megha Luthra
- Bioengineering Department and Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Grey P Madison
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A Ascoli
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program and Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA. .,Bioengineering Department and Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.
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4
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Yarotskyy V, Lark ARS, Nass SR, Hahn YK, Marone MG, McQuiston AR, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Chloride channels with ClC-1-like properties differentially regulate the excitability of dopamine receptor D1- and D2-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C395-C409. [PMID: 35080921 PMCID: PMC8917939 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00397.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic chloride (Cl-) regulation is critical for synaptic inhibition. In mature neurons, Cl- influx and extrusion are primarily controlled by ligand-gated anion channels (GABAA and glycine receptors) and the potassium chloride cotransporter K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), respectively. Here, we report for the first time, to our knowledge, a presence of a new source of Cl- influx in striatal neurons with properties similar to chloride voltage-gated channel 1 (ClC-1). Using whole cell patch-clamp recordings, we detected an outwardly rectifying voltage-dependent current that was impermeable to the large anion methanesulfonate (MsO-). The anionic current was sensitive to the ClC-1 inhibitor 9-anthracenecarboxylic acid (9-AC) and the nonspecific blocker phloretin. The mean fractions of anionic current inhibition by MsO-, 9-AC, and phloretin were not significantly different, indicating that anionic current was caused by active ClC-1-like channels. In addition, we found that Cl- current was not sensitive to the transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A; Ano1) inhibitor Ani9 and that the outward Cl- rectification was preserved even at a very high intracellular Ca2+ concentration (2 mM), indicating that TMEM16B (Ano2) did not contribute to the total current. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the presence of ClC-1 channels in the striatum mainly localized to the somata of striatal neurons. Finally, we found that 9-AC decreased action potential firing frequencies and increased excitability in medium spiny neurons (MSNs) expressing dopamine type 1 (D1) and type 2 (D2) receptors in the brain slices, respectively. We conclude that ClC-1-like channels are preferentially located at the somata of MSNs, are functional, and can modulate neuronal excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Yarotskyy
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Arianna R. S. Lark
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sara R. Nass
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Yun K. Hahn
- 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Michael G. Marone
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - A. Rory McQuiston
- 2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Pamela E. Knapp
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,3Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kurt F. Hauser
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,2Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia,3Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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5
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Bian Z, Zhang W, Tang J, Fei Q, Hu M, Chen X, Su L, Fei C, Ji D, Mao C, Tong H, Yuan X, Lu T. Mechanisms Underlying the Action of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in the Treatment of Insomnia: A Study Involving Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:752211. [PMID: 35002696 PMCID: PMC8740267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanisms and related bioactive components of ZSS for the treatment of insomnia. Method: The insomnia model of rat induced by PCPA was established. After oral administration of ZSS extract, the general morphological observation, pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test and histopathological evaluation were carried out. Network pharmacology, assisted by UHPLC-Q-Exactive-MS/MS analysis, was developed to identify the targets of ZSS in the treatment of insomnia, as well as the corresponding signaling pathways. In addition, we validated the identified targets and pathways by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The pentobarbital sodium-induced sleep test, determination of 5-HT and GABA levles in hypothalamic tissues and HE staining showed that ZSS extract was an effective treatment for insomnia. Network pharmacology analysis identified a total of 19 candidate bioactive ingredients in ZSS extract, along with 433 potentially related targets. Next, we performed protein-protein interaction (PPI), MCODE clustering analysis, GO functional enrichment analysis, KEGG pathway enrichment analysis, and ingredient-target-pathway (I-T-P) sub-networks analysis. These methods allowed us to investigate the synergistic therapeutic effects of crucial pathways, including the serotonergic and GABAergic synapse pathways. Our analyses revealed that palmitic acid, coclaurine, jujuboside A, N-nornuciferine, caaverine, magnoflorine, jujuboside B, and betulinic acid, all played key roles in the regulation of these crucial pathways. Finally, we used the PCPA-induced insomnia in rats to validate the data generated by network pharmacology; these in vivo experiments clearly showed that pathways associated with the serotonergic and GABAergic system were activated in the rats model. Furthermore, ZSS treatment significantly suppressed high levels of HTR1A, GABRA1, and GABRG2 expression in the hypothalamus and reduced the expression levels of HTR2A. Conclusion: Based on the combination of comprehensive network pharmacology and in vivo experiments, we successfully identified the potential pharmacological mechanisms underlying the action of ZSS in the treatment of insomnia. The results provide a theoretical basis for further development and utilization of ZSS, and also provide support for the development of innovative drugs for the treatment of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Jingyue Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Qianqian Fei
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Minmin Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Lianlin Su
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghao Fei
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - De Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaohang Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuxi TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Wuxi, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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6
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Zhou Y, Cheng Y, Li Y, Ma J, Wu Z, Chen Y, Mei J, Chen M. Soluble β-amyloid impaired the GABA inhibition by mediating KCC2 in early APP/PS1 mice. Biosci Trends 2021; 15:330-340. [PMID: 34526443 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2021.01245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, which has become the leading cause of dementia cases globally. Synaptic failure is an early pathological feature of AD. However, the cause of synaptic failure in AD, especially the GABAergic synaptic activity remains unclear. Extensive evidence indicates that the presence of soluble amyloid-β is an early pathological feature in AD, which triggers synaptic dysfunction and cognitive decline. Our recent study explored the relation of GABAergic transmission and soluble Aβ in early APP/PS1 mice. Firstly, we found soluble Aβ42 levels were significantly increased in serum, hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in 3-4 months APP/PS1 mice, which was much earlier than Aβ plagues formation. In addition, we found TNF-α and BDNF expression levels were increased, while KCC2 and GABAAR expression were decreased in 3-4 months APP/PS1 hippocampus. When we treated 3-4 months APP/PS1 mice with a potent γ-secretase inhibitor, LY411575, which can reduce the soluble Aβ42 levels, the TNF-α and BDNF protein levels were decreased, while KCC2 and GABAAR levels were increased. In conclusion, our study suggested soluble Aβ may impaired the GABA inhibition by mediating KCC2 levels in early APP/PS1 mice. KCC2 may be served as a potential biomarker for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yujie Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiyao Ma
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Zhihan Wu
- First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuenan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jinyu Mei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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7
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Naderi M, Puar P, JavadiEsfahani R, Kwong RWM. Early developmental exposure to bisphenol A and bisphenol S disrupts socio-cognitive function, isotocin equilibrium, and excitation-inhibition balance in developing zebrafish. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:144-154. [PMID: 34808222 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the oxytocinergic system and excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in synaptic transmission and neural circuits are common hallmarks of various neurodevelopmental disorders. Several experimental and epidemiological studies have shown that perinatal exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS) may contribute to a range of childhood neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the effects of BPA and BPS on social-cognitive development and the associated mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we explored the impacts of early developmental exposure (2hpf-5dpf) to environmentally relevant concentrations of BPA, and its analog BPS (0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 μM), on anxiety, social behaviors, and memory performance in 21 dpf zebrafish larvae. Our results revealed that early-life exposure to low concentrations of BPA and BPS elevated anxiety-like behavior, while fish exposed to higher concentrations of these chemicals displayed social deficits and impaired object recognition memory. Additionally, we found that co-exposure with an aromatase inhibitor antagonized BPA- and BPS-induced effects on anxiety levels and social behaviors, while the co-exposure to an estrogen receptor antagonist restored recognition memory in zebrafish larvae. These results indicate that BPA and BPS may affect social-cognitive function through distinct mechanisms. On the other hand, exposure to low BPA/BPS concentrations increased both the mRNA and protein levels of isotocin (zebrafish oxytocin) in the zebrafish brain, whereas a reduction in its mRNA level was observed at higher concentrations. Further, alterations in the transcript abundance of chloride transporters, and molecular markers of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamatergic systems, were observed in the zebrafish brain, suggesting possible E/I imbalance following BPA or BPS exposure. Collectively, the results of this study demonstrate that early-life exposure to low concentrations of the environmental contaminants BPA and BPS can interfere with the isotocinergic signaling pathway and disrupts the establishment of E/I balance in the developing brain, subsequently leading to the onset of a suite of behavioral deficits and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Naderi
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.
| | - Pankaj Puar
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | | | - Raymond W M Kwong
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada
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8
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Peerboom C, Wierenga CJ. The postnatal GABA shift: A developmental perspective. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 124:179-192. [PMID: 33549742 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
GABA is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter that counterbalances excitation in the mature brain. The inhibitory action of GABA relies on the inflow of chloride ions (Cl-), which hyperpolarizes the neuron. In early development, GABA signaling induces outward Cl- currents and is depolarizing. The postnatal shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA is a pivotal event in brain development and its timing affects brain function throughout life. Altered timing of the postnatal GABA shift is associated with several neurodevelopmental disorders. Here, we argue that the postnatal shift from depolarizing to hyperpolarizing GABA represents the final shift in a sequence of GABA shifts, regulating proliferation, migration, differentiation, and finally plasticity of developing neurons. Each developmental GABA shift ensures that the instructive role of GABA matches the circumstances of the developing network. Sensory input may be a crucial factor in determining proper timing of the postnatal GABA shift. A developmental perspective is necessary to interpret the full consequences of a mismatch between connectivity, activity and GABA signaling during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlijn Peerboom
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corette J Wierenga
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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9
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Murillo-de-Ozores AR, Chávez-Canales M, de los Heros P, Gamba G, Castañeda-Bueno M. Physiological Processes Modulated by the Chloride-Sensitive WNK-SPAK/OSR1 Kinase Signaling Pathway and the Cation-Coupled Chloride Cotransporters. Front Physiol 2020; 11:585907. [PMID: 33192599 PMCID: PMC7606576 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.585907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of Cl- as an intracellular signaling ion has been increasingly recognized in recent years. One of the currently best described roles of Cl- in signaling is the modulation of the With-No-Lysine (K) (WNK) - STE20-Proline Alanine rich Kinase (SPAK)/Oxidative Stress Responsive Kinase 1 (OSR1) - Cation-Coupled Cl- Cotransporters (CCCs) cascade. Binding of a Cl- anion to the active site of WNK kinases directly modulates their activity, promoting their inhibition. WNK activation due to Cl- release from the binding site leads to phosphorylation and activation of SPAK/OSR1, which in turn phosphorylate the CCCs. Phosphorylation by WNKs-SPAK/OSR1 of the Na+-driven CCCs (mediating ions influx) promote their activation, whereas that of the K+-driven CCCs (mediating ions efflux) promote their inhibition. This results in net Cl- influx and feedback inhibition of WNK kinases. A wide variety of alterations to this pathway have been recognized as the cause of several human diseases, with manifestations in different systems. The understanding of WNK kinases as Cl- sensitive proteins has allowed us to better understand the mechanistic details of regulatory processes involved in diverse physiological phenomena that are reviewed here. These include cell volume regulation, potassium sensing and intracellular signaling in the renal distal convoluted tubule, and regulation of the neuronal response to the neurotransmitter GABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Rafael Murillo-de-Ozores
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Chávez-Canales
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Paola de los Heros
- Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INC, Research Division, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Gamba
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
- Molecular Physiology Unit, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Castañeda-Bueno
- Department of Nephrology and Mineral Metabolism, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Zhao N, Li CC, Di B, Xu LL. Recent advances in the NEK7-licensed NLRP3 inflammasome activation: Mechanisms, role in diseases and related inhibitors. J Autoimmun 2020; 113:102515. [PMID: 32703754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a high-molecular-weight complex mediated by the activation of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) seed in innate immunity. Once NLRP3 is activated, the following recruitment of the adapter apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (CARD) (ASC) and procaspase-1 would be initiated. Cleavage of procaspase-1 into active caspase-1 then leads to the maturation of the precursor forms of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 into biologically active IL-1β and IL-18. The activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is thought to be tightly associated with a regulator never in mitosis A (NIMA)-related kinase 7 (NEK7), apart from other signaling events such as K+ efflux and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plus, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been linked to various metabolic disorders, chronic inflammation and other diseases. In this review, we firstly describe the cellular/molecular mechanisms of the NEK7-licensed NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Then we detail the potential inhibitors that can selectively and effectively modulate either the NEK7-NLRP3 complex itself or the related molecular/cellular events. Finally, we describe some inhibitors as promising therapeutic strategies for diverse diseases driven by NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Cui-Cui Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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11
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Huang W, Tan M, Wang Y, Liu L, Pan Y, Li J, Ouyang M, Long C, Qu X, Liu H, Liu C, Wang J, Deng L, Xiang Y, Qin X. Increased intracellular Cl - concentration improves airway epithelial migration by activating the RhoA/ROCK Pathway. Theranostics 2020; 10:8528-8540. [PMID: 32754261 PMCID: PMC7392015 DOI: 10.7150/thno.46002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the airway, Cl- is the most abundant anion and is critically involved in transepithelial transport. The correlation of the abnormal expression and activation of chloride channels (CLCs), such as cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulators (CFTRs), anoctamin-1, and CLC-2, with cell migration capability suggests a relationship between defective Cl- transport and epithelial wound repair. However, whether a correlation exists between intracellular Cl- and airway wound repair capability has not been explored thus far, and the underlying mechanisms involved in this relationship are not fully defined. Methods: In this work, the alteration of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i) was measured by using a chloride-sensitive fluorescent probe (N-[ethoxycarbonylmethyl]-6-methoxyquinolium bromide). Results: We found that clamping with high [Cl-]i and 1 h of treatment with the CLC inhibitor CFTR blocker CFTRinh-172 and chloride intracellular channel inhibitor IAA94 increased intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) in airway epithelial cells. This effect improved epithelial cell migration. In addition, increased [Cl-]i in cells promoted F-actin reorganization, decreased cell stiffness, and improved RhoA activation and LIMK1/2 phosphorylation. Treatment with the ROCK inhibitor of Y-27632 and ROCK1 siRNA significantly attenuated the effects of increased [Cl-]i on LIMK1/2 activation and cell migration. In addition, intracellular Ca2+ concentration was unaffected by [Cl-]i clamping buffers and CFTRinh-172 and IAA94. Conclusion: Taken together, these results suggested that Cl- accumulation in airway epithelial cells could activate the RhoA/ROCK/LIMK cascade to induce F-actin reorganization, down-regulate cell stiffness, and improve epithelial migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
- Affiliated Liutie Central Hospital of Guangxi medical university, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545007, China
| | - Meiling Tan
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
- School of Nursing, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yan Pan
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Mingxing Ouyang
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Chunjiao Long
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiangping Qu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Huijun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Chi Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Jia Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Linhong Deng
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Respiratory Medical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Xiaoqun Qin
- School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
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12
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Moradi K, Ascoli GA. A comprehensive knowledge base of synaptic electrophysiology in the rodent hippocampal formation. Hippocampus 2020; 30:314-331. [PMID: 31472001 PMCID: PMC7875289 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and synaptic architecture of the rodent hippocampus has been described in thousands of peer-reviewed publications. However, no human- or machine-readable public catalog of synaptic electrophysiology data exists for this or any other neural system. Harnessing state-of-the-art information technology, we have developed a cloud-based toolset for identifying empirical evidence from the scientific literature pertaining to synaptic electrophysiology, for extracting the experimental data of interest, and for linking each entry to relevant text or figure excerpts. Mining more than 1,200 published journal articles, we have identified eight different signal modalities quantified by 90 different methods to measure synaptic amplitude, kinetics, and plasticity in hippocampal neurons. We have designed a data structure that both reflects the differences and maintains the existing relations among experimental modalities. Moreover, we mapped every annotated experiment to identified potential connections, that is, specific pairs of presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron types. To this aim, we leveraged Hippocampome.org, an open-access knowledge base of morphologically, electrophysiologically, and molecularly characterized neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation. Specifically, we have implemented a computational pipeline to systematically translate neuron type properties into formal queries in order to find all compatible potential connections. With this system, we have collected nearly 40,000 synaptic data entities covering 88% of the 3,120 potential connections in Hippocampome.org. Correcting membrane potentials with respect to liquid junction potentials significantly reduced the difference between theoretical and experimental reversal potentials, thereby enabling the accurate conversion of all synaptic amplitudes to conductance. This data set allows for large-scale hypothesis testing of the general rules governing synaptic signals. To illustrate these applications, we confirmed several expected correlations between synaptic measurements and their covariates while suggesting previously unreported ones. We release all data open-source at Hippocampome.org in order to further research across disciplines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Moradi
- Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (USA)
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (USA)
- Bioengineering Department, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA (USA)
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13
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Russo I, Gavello D, Menna E, Vandael D, Veglia C, Morello N, Corradini I, Focchi E, Alfieri A, Angelini C, Bianchi FT, Morellato A, Marcantoni A, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Ottaviani MM, Yekhlef L, Giustetto M, Taverna S, Carabelli V, Matteoli M, Carbone E, Turco E, Defilippi P. p140Cap Regulates GABAergic Synaptogenesis and Development of Hippocampal Inhibitory Circuits. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:91-105. [PMID: 29161354 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The neuronal scaffold protein p140Cap was investigated during hippocampal network formation. p140Cap is present in presynaptic GABAergic terminals and its genetic depletion results in a marked alteration of inhibitory synaptic activity. p140Cap-/- cultured neurons display higher frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) with no changes of their mean amplitude. Consistent with a potential presynaptic alteration of basal GABA release, p140Cap-/- neurons exhibit a larger synaptic vesicle readily releasable pool, without any variation of single GABAA receptor unitary currents and number of postsynaptic channels. Furthermore, p140Cap-/- neurons show a premature and enhanced network synchronization and appear more susceptible to 4-aminopyridine-induced seizures in vitro and to kainate-induced seizures in vivo. The hippocampus of p140Cap-/- mice showed a significant increase in the number of both inhibitory synapses and of parvalbumin- and somatostatin-expressing interneurons. Specific deletion of p140Cap in forebrain interneurons resulted in increased susceptibility to in vitro epileptic events and increased inhibitory synaptogenesis, comparable to those observed in p140Cap-/- mice. Altogether, our data demonstrate that p140Cap finely tunes inhibitory synaptogenesis and GABAergic neurotransmission, thus regulating the establishment and maintenance of the proper hippocampal excitatory/inhibitory balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Russo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Daniela Gavello
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Menna
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milano, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - David Vandael
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Carola Veglia
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Noemi Morello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Irene Corradini
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milano, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Alfieri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Costanza Angelini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Federico Tommaso Bianchi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Marcantoni
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Marco Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Latefa Yekhlef
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Giustetto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,National Institute of Neuroscience-Italy, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefano Taverna
- Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Valentina Carabelli
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Institute of Neuroscience, CNR, Milano, Italy.,Istituto Clinico Humanitas, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Emilio Carbone
- Department of Drug Science, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,NIS Centre of Excellence, Torino, Italy
| | - Emilia Turco
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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14
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Lorenzo LE, Godin AG, Ferrini F, Bachand K, Plasencia-Fernandez I, Labrecque S, Girard AA, Boudreau D, Kianicka I, Gagnon M, Doyon N, Ribeiro-da-Silva A, De Koninck Y. Enhancing neuronal chloride extrusion rescues α2/α3 GABA A-mediated analgesia in neuropathic pain. Nat Commun 2020; 11:869. [PMID: 32054836 PMCID: PMC7018745 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-14154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal disinhibition has been hypothesized to underlie pain hypersensitivity in neuropathic pain. Apparently contradictory mechanisms have been reported, raising questions on the best target to produce analgesia. Here, we show that nerve injury is associated with a reduction in the number of inhibitory synapses in the spinal dorsal horn. Paradoxically, this is accompanied by a BDNF-TrkB-mediated upregulation of synaptic GABAARs and by an α1-to-α2GABAAR subunit switch, providing a mechanistic rationale for the analgesic action of the α2,3GABAAR benzodiazepine-site ligand L838,417 after nerve injury. Yet, we demonstrate that impaired Cl- extrusion underlies the failure of L838,417 to induce analgesia at high doses due to a resulting collapse in Cl- gradient, dramatically limiting the benzodiazepine therapeutic window. In turn, enhancing KCC2 activity not only potentiated L838,417-induced analgesia, it rescued its analgesic potential at high doses, revealing a novel strategy for analgesia in pathological pain, by combined targeting of the appropriate GABAAR-subtypes and restoring Cl- homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis-Etienne Lorenzo
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Antoine G Godin
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Francesco Ferrini
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Karine Bachand
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabel Plasencia-Fernandez
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Labrecque
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre A Girard
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Ecole Polytechnique, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Dominic Boudreau
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Irenej Kianicka
- Chlorion Pharma, Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Laurent Pharmaceuticals Inc., Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Gagnon
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre for Innovation, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicolas Doyon
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada
- Finite Element Interdisciplinary Research Group (GIREF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alfredo Ribeiro-da-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yves De Koninck
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, Quebec Mental Health Institute, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Graduate program in Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
- Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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15
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Abstract
Cl- is the major extracellular (Cl-out) and intracellular (Cl-in) anion whose concentration is actively regulated by multiple transporters. These transporters generate Cl- gradients across the plasma membrane and between the cytoplasm and intracellular organelles. [Cl-]in changes rapidly in response to cell stimulation and influences many physiological functions, as well as cellular and systemic homeostasis. However, less appreciated is the signaling function of Cl-. Cl- interacts with multiple proteins to directly modify their activity. This review highlights the signaling function of Cl- and argues that Cl- is a bona fide signaling ion, a function deserving extensive exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Lüscher
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Laura Vachel
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ehud Ohana
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shmuel Muallem
- Epithelial Signaling and Transport Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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16
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Larsen HM, Hansen SK, Mikkelsen JD, Hyttel P, Stummann TC. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and neural network synaptic transmission in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons. Stem Cell Res 2019; 41:101642. [PMID: 31707211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2019.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor has been extensively researched as a target for treatment of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. Investigation of the α7 receptor is commonly performed in animals but it is critical to increase the biologically relevance of the model systems to fully capture the physiological role of the α7 receptor in humans. For example most humans, in contrast to animals, express the hybrid gene CHRFAM7A, the product of which modulates α7 receptor activity. In the present study, we used human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neurons to establish a humanized α7 model. We established a cryobank of neural stem cells (NSCs) that could reproducibly be matured into neurons expressing neuronal markers and CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A. The neurons responded to NMDA, GABA, and acetylcholine and exhibited synchronized spontaneous calcium oscillations. Gene expression studies and application of a range of α7 positive allosteric modulators (PNU-120595, TQS, JNJ-39393406 and AF58801) together with the α7 agonist PNU-282987 during measurement of intracellular calcium levels demonstrated the presence of functional α7 receptors in matured hiPSC-derived neuronal cultures. Pharmacological α7 activation also resulted in intracellular signaling as measured by ERK 1/2 phosphorylation and c-Fos protein expression. Moreover, PNU-120596 increased the frequency of the spontaneous calcium oscillations demonstrating implication of α7 receptors in human synaptic networks activity. Overall, we show that hiPSC derived neurons are an advanced in vitro model for studying human α7 receptor pharmacology and the involvement of this receptor in cellular processes as intracellular signaling and synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hjalte M Larsen
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne K Hansen
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens D Mikkelsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, University Hospital Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Poul Hyttel
- Stem Cells and Embryology Group, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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17
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Lee JR, Lee JY, Kim HJ, Hahn MJ, Kang JS, Cho H. The inhibition of chloride intracellular channel 1 enhances Ca 2+ and reactive oxygen species signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-11. [PMID: 31316050 PMCID: PMC6802611 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chloride intracellular channel 1 (CLIC1) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer due to its intrinsic characteristics; it is overexpressed in specific tumor types and its localization changes from cytosolic to surface membrane depending on activities and cell cycle progression. Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical signaling molecules that modulate diverse cellular functions, including cell death. In this study, we investigated the function of CLIC1 in Ca2+ and ROS signaling in A549 human lung cancer cells. Depletion of CLIC1 via shRNAs in A549 cells increased DNA double-strand breaks both under control conditions and under treatment with the putative anticancer agent chelerythrine, accompanied by a concomitant increase in the p-JNK level. CLIC1 knockdown greatly increased basal ROS levels, an effect prevented by BAPTA-AM, an intracellular calcium chelator. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements clearly showed that CLIC1 knockdown significantly increased chelerythrine-induced Ca2+ signaling as well as the basal Ca2+ level in A549 cells compared to these levels in control cells. Suppression of extracellular Ca2+ restored the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1-knockdown A549 cells relative to that in control cells, implying that CLIC1 regulates [Ca2+]i through Ca2+ entry across the plasma membrane. Consistent with this finding, the L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC) blocker nifedipine reduced the basal Ca2+ level in CLIC1 knockdown cells to that in control cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that CLIC1 knockdown induces an increase in the intracellular Ca2+ level via LTCC, which then triggers excessive ROS production and consequent JNK activation. Thus, CLIC1 is a key regulator of Ca2+ signaling in the control of cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Rin Lee
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Yoon Lee
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Kim
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Myong-Joon Hahn
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Kang
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hana Cho
- 0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aSingle Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea ,0000 0001 2181 989Xgrid.264381.aDepartment of Physiology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
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18
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Valdivieso ÁG, Santa‐Coloma TA. The chloride anion as a signalling effector. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:1839-1856. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ángel G. Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
- The National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
| | - Tomás A. Santa‐Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical SciencesPontifical Catholic University of Argentina Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
- The National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET) Buenos Aires 1107 Argentina
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19
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Duan J, Pandey S, Li T, Castellano D, Gu X, Li J, Tian Q, Lu W. Genetic Deletion of GABA A Receptors Reveals Distinct Requirements of Neurotransmitter Receptors for GABAergic and Glutamatergic Synapse Development. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:217. [PMID: 31231192 PMCID: PMC6558517 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult brain GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate the majority of synaptic inhibition that provides inhibitory balance to excitatory drive and controls neuronal output. In the immature brain GABAAR signaling is critical for neuronal development. However, the cell-autonomous role of GABAARs in synapse development remains largely unknown. We have employed the CRISPR-CAS9 technology to genetically eliminate GABAARs in individual hippocampal neurons and examined GABAergic and glutamatergic synapses. We found that development of GABAergic synapses, but not glutamatergic synapses, critically depends on GABAARs. By combining different genetic approaches, we have also removed GABAARs and two ionotropic glutamate receptors, AMPA receptors (AMPARs) and NMDA receptors (NMDARs), in single neurons and discovered a striking dichotomy. Indeed, while development of glutamatergic synapses and spines does not require signaling mediated by these receptors, inhibitory synapse formation is crucially dependent on them. Our data reveal a critical cell-autonomous role of GABAARs in inhibitory synaptogenesis and demonstrate distinct molecular mechanisms for development of inhibitory and excitatory synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Duan
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States.,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Saurabh Pandey
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Tianming Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David Castellano
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xinglong Gu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jun Li
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Qingjun Tian
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wei Lu
- Synapse and Neural Circuit Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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20
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Tillman L, Zhang J. Crossing the Chloride Channel: The Current and Potential Therapeutic Value of the Neuronal K +-Cl - Cotransporter KCC2. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8941046. [PMID: 31240228 PMCID: PMC6556333 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8941046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Chloride (Cl-) homeostasis is an essential process involved in neuronal signalling and cell survival. Inadequate regulation of intracellular Cl- interferes with synaptic signalling and is implicated in several neurological diseases. The main inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system is γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). GABA hyperpolarises the membrane potential by activating Cl- permeable GABAA receptor channels (GABAAR). This process is reliant on Cl- extruder K+-Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2), which generates the neuron's inward, hyperpolarising Cl- gradient. KCC2 is encoded by the fifth member of the solute carrier 12 family (SLC12A5) and has remained a poorly understood component in the development and severity of many neurological diseases for many years. Recent advancements in next-generation sequencing and specific gene targeting, however, have indicated that loss of KCC2 activity is involved in a number of diseases including epilepsy and schizophrenia. It has also been implicated in neuropathic pain following spinal cord injury. Any variant of SLC12A5 that negatively regulates the transporter's expression may, therefore, be implicated in neurological disease. A recent whole exome study has discovered several causative mutations in patients with epilepsy. Here, we discuss the implications of KCC2 in neurological disease and consider the evolving evidence for KCC2's potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Tillman
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Jinwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Medical School, College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Hatherly Laboratories, Exeter EX4 4PS, UK
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Kipnis PA, Sullivan BJ, Kadam SD. Sex-Dependent Signaling Pathways Underlying Seizure Susceptibility and the Role of Chloride Cotransporters. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050448. [PMID: 31085988 PMCID: PMC6562404 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Seizure incidence, severity, and antiseizure medication (ASM) efficacy varies between males and females. Differences in sex-dependent signaling pathways that determine network excitability may be responsible. The identification and validation of sex-dependent molecular mechanisms that influence seizure susceptibility is an emerging focus of neuroscience research. The electroneutral cation-chloride cotransporters (CCCs) of the SLC12A gene family utilize Na+-K+-ATPase generated electrochemical gradients to transport chloride into or out of neurons. CCCs regulate neuronal chloride gradients, cell volume, and have a strong influence over the electrical response to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. Acquired or genetic causes of CCCs dysfunction have been linked to seizures during early postnatal development, epileptogenesis, and refractoriness to ASMs. A growing number of studies suggest that the developmental expression of CCCs, such as KCC2, is sex-dependent. This review will summarize the reports of sexual dimorphism in epileptology while focusing on the role of chloride cotransporters and their associated modulators that can influence seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Kipnis
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Brennan J Sullivan
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| | - Shilpa D Kadam
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Hugo Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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22
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Szodorai E, Bampali K, Romanov RA, Kasper S, Hökfelt T, Ernst M, Lubec G, Harkany T. Diversity matters: combinatorial information coding by GABA A receptor subunits during spatial learning and its allosteric modulation. Cell Signal 2018; 50:142-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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23
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Roux S, Lohof A, Ben-Ari Y, Poulain B, Bossu JL. Maturation of GABAergic Transmission in Cerebellar Purkinje Cells Is Sex Dependent and Altered in the Valproate Model of Autism. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:232. [PMID: 30104962 PMCID: PMC6077203 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain development is accompanied by a shift in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) response from depolarizing-excitatory to hyperpolarizing-inhibitory, due to a reduction of intracellular chloride concentration. This sequence is delayed in Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). We now report a similar alteration of this shift in the cerebellum, a structure implicated in ASD. Using single GABAA receptor channel recordings in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), we found two conductance levels (18 and 10 pS), the former being dominant in newborns and the latter in young-adults. This conductance shift and the depolarizing/excitatory to hyperpolarizing/inhibitory GABA shift occurred 4 days later in females than males. Our data support a sex-dependent developmental shift of GABA conductance and chloride gradient, leading to different developmental timing in males and females. Because these developmental sequences are altered in ASD, this study further stresses the importance of developmental timing in pathological neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Roux
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)-CNRS, UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ann Lohof
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8256, Biological Adaptation and Ageing, Paris, France
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Neurochlore, Ben-Ari Institute of Neuroarcheology, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Poulain
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)-CNRS, UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Louis Bossu
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives (INCI)-CNRS, UPR 3212, Strasbourg, France
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Rahmati N, Hoebeek FE, Peter S, De Zeeuw CI. Chloride Homeostasis in Neurons With Special Emphasis on the Olivocerebellar System: Differential Roles for Transporters and Channels. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:101. [PMID: 29765304 PMCID: PMC5938380 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The intraneuronal ionic composition is an important determinant of brain functioning. There is growing evidence that aberrant homeostasis of the intracellular concentration of Cl- ([Cl-]i) evokes, in addition to that of Na+ and Ca2+, robust impairments of neuronal excitability and neurotransmission and thereby neurological conditions. More specifically, understanding the mechanisms underlying regulation of [Cl-]i is crucial for deciphering the variability in GABAergic and glycinergic signaling of neurons, in both health and disease. The homeostatic level of [Cl-]i is determined by various regulatory mechanisms, including those mediated by plasma membrane Cl- channels and transporters. This review focuses on the latest advances in identification, regulation and characterization of Cl- channels and transporters that modulate neuronal excitability and cell volume. By putting special emphasis on neurons of the olivocerebellar system, we establish that Cl- channels and transporters play an indispensable role in determining their [Cl-]i and thereby their function in sensorimotor coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negah Rahmati
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Freek E. Hoebeek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- NIDOD Institute, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht and Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Saša Peter
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Chris I. De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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25
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Lorenz-Guertin JM, Jacob TC. GABA type a receptor trafficking and the architecture of synaptic inhibition. Dev Neurobiol 2018; 78:238-270. [PMID: 28901728 PMCID: PMC6589839 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitous expression of GABA type A receptors (GABAA R) in the central nervous system establishes their central role in coordinating most aspects of neural function and development. Dysregulation of GABAergic neurotransmission manifests in a number of human health disorders and conditions that in certain cases can be alleviated by drugs targeting these receptors. Precise changes in the quantity or activity of GABAA Rs localized at the cell surface and at GABAergic postsynaptic sites directly impact the strength of inhibition. The molecular mechanisms constituting receptor trafficking to and from these compartments therefore dictate the efficacy of GABAA R function. Here we review the current understanding of how GABAA Rs traffic through biogenesis, plasma membrane transport, and degradation. Emphasis is placed on discussing novel GABAergic synaptic proteins, receptor and scaffolding post-translational modifications, activity-dependent changes in GABAA R confinement, and neuropeptide and neurosteroid mediated changes. We further highlight modern techniques currently advancing the knowledge of GABAA R trafficking and clinically relevant neurodevelopmental diseases connected to GABAergic dysfunction. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 78: 238-270, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lorenz-Guertin
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
| | - Tija C Jacob
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15261
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26
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Everington EA, Gibbard AG, Swinny JD, Seifi M. Molecular Characterization of GABA-A Receptor Subunit Diversity within Major Peripheral Organs and Their Plasticity in Response to Early Life Psychosocial Stress. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:18. [PMID: 29467616 PMCID: PMC5807923 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) subtype A receptors (GABAARs) are integral membrane ion channels composed of five individual proteins or subunits. Up to 19 different GABAAR subunits (α1–6, β1–3, γ1–3, δ, ε, θ, π, and ρ1–3) have been identified, resulting in anatomically, physiologically, and pharmacologically distinct multiple receptor subtypes, and therefore GABA-mediated inhibition, across the central nervous system (CNS). Additionally, GABAAR-modulating drugs are important tools in clinical medicine, although their use is limited by adverse effects. While significant advances have been made in terms of characterizing the GABAAR system within the brain, relatively less is known about the molecular phenotypes within the peripheral nervous system of major organ systems. This represents a potentially missed therapeutic opportunity in terms of utilizing or repurposing clinically available GABAAR drugs, as well as promising research compounds discarded due to their poor CNS penetrance, for the treatment of peripheral disorders. In addition, a broader understanding of the peripheral GABAAR subtype repertoires will contribute to the design of therapies which minimize peripheral side-effects when treating CNS disorders. We have recently provided a high resolution molecular and function characterization of the GABAARs within the enteric nervous system of the mouse colon. In this study, the aim was to determine the constituent GABAAR subunit expression profiles of the mouse bladder, heart, liver, kidney, lung, and stomach, using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting with brain as control. The data indicate that while some subunits are expressed widely across various organs (α3–5), others are restricted to individual organs (γ2, only stomach). Furthermore, we demonstrate complex organ-specific developmental expression plasticity of the transporters which determine the chloride gradient within cells, and therefore whether GABAAR activation has a depolarizing or hyperpolarizing effect. Finally, we demonstrate that prior exposure to early life psychosocial stress induces significant changes in peripheral GABAAR subunit expression and chloride transporters, in an organ- and subunit-specific manner. Collectively, the data demonstrate the molecular diversity of the peripheral GABAAR system and how this changes dynamically in response to life experience. This provides a molecular platform for functional analyses of the GABA–GABAAR system in health, and in diseases affecting various peripheral organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan A Everington
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Adina G Gibbard
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jerome D Swinny
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Mohsen Seifi
- Institute for Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences and School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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27
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Prepubertal Development of GABAergic Transmission to Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Neurons and Postsynaptic Response Are Altered by Prenatal Androgenization. J Neurosci 2018; 38:2283-2293. [PMID: 29374136 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2304-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons regulate reproduction through pulsatile GnRH release. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have persistently elevated luteinizing hormone release frequency, reflecting GnRH release; this exacerbates hyperandrogenemia and disrupted reproductive cycles that are characteristic of this disorder. Clinical evidence suggests that neuroendocrine features of PCOS may manifest peripubertally. Adult mice prenatally exposed to androgens (PNA) mimic several reproductive features of PCOS. GnRH neurons from these mice have increased firing activity and receive increased GABAergic transmission, which is excitatory. When changes emerge during development is unknown. To study the typical postnatal development of GABAergic transmission and the effects of PNA treatment and sex, whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings were made of GABAergic postsynaptic currents (PSCs) in GnRH neurons in brain slices from prepubertal through adult control and PNA female and male mice. GABAergic transmission was present by 1 week of age in females and males and increased in frequency, reaching adult levels at 3 and 4 weeks, respectively. GABAergic PSC frequency was elevated in 3-week-old PNA versus control females. PSC frequency in both controls and PNA mice was activity independent, suggesting that PNA induces changes in synapse organization. PNA also alters the functional response of GnRH neurons to GABA. GABA induced firing in fewer neurons from 3-week-old PNA than control females; membrane potential depolarization induced by GABA was also reduced in cells from PNA mice at this age. PNA thus induces changes during development in the presynaptic organization of the GABAergic network afferent to GnRH neurons as well as the postsynaptic GnRH neuron response, both of which may contribute to adult reproductive dysfunction.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The central neuronal network that regulates reproduction is overactive in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a leading cause of infertility. Recent evidence of neuroendocrine dysfunction in midpubertal girls suggests that the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PCOS may arise before pubertal maturation. Prenatal exposure to androgens (PNA) in mice mimics several neuroendocrine features of PCOS. GABAergic transmission to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons is important for reproduction and is increased in adult PNA mice. The typical development of this network and when changes with PNA and sex arise relative to puberty are unknown. These studies provide evidence that PNA alters prepubertal development of the GABAergic network afferent to GnRH neurons, including both the presynaptic organization and postsynaptic response. These changes may contribute to reproductive dysfunction in adults.
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28
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Agez M, Schultz P, Medina I, Baker DJ, Burnham MP, Cardarelli RA, Conway LC, Garnier K, Geschwindner S, Gunnarsson A, McCall EJ, Frechard A, Audebert S, Deeb TZ, Moss SJ, Brandon NJ, Wang Q, Dekker N, Jawhari A. Molecular architecture of potassium chloride co-transporter KCC2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16452. [PMID: 29184062 PMCID: PMC5705597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15739-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
KCC2 is a neuron specific K+-Cl− co-transporter that controls neuronal chloride homeostasis, and is critically involved in many neurological diseases including brain trauma, epilepsies, autism and schizophrenia. Despite significant accumulating data on the biology and electrophysiological properties of KCC2, structure-function relationships remain poorly understood. Here we used calixarene detergent to solubilize and purify wild-type non-aggregated and homogenous KCC2. Specific binding of inhibitor compound VU0463271 was demonstrated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Mass spectrometry revealed glycosylations and phosphorylations as expected from functional KCC2. We show by electron microscopy (EM) that KCC2 exists as monomers and dimers in solution. Monomers are organized into “head” and “core” domains connected by a flexible “linker”. Dimers are asymmetrical and display a bent “S-shape” architecture made of four distinct domains and a flexible dimerization interface. Chemical crosslinking in reducing conditions shows that disulfide bridges are involved in KCC2 dimerization. Moreover, we show that adding a tag to the C-terminus is detrimental to KCC2 function. We postulate that the conserved KCC2 C-ter may be at the interface of dimerization. Taken together, our findings highlight the flexible multi-domain structure of KCC2 with variable anchoring points at the dimerization interface and an important C-ter extremity providing the first in-depth functional architecture of KCC2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Agez
- CALIXAR, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France
| | - Patrick Schultz
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire) INSERM, U964; CNRS/Strasbourg University, UMR7104 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | | | - David J Baker
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew P Burnham
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, UK
| | - Ross A Cardarelli
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Leslie C Conway
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | | | | | - Anders Gunnarsson
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eileen J McCall
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexandre Frechard
- Department of Integrated Structural Biology, IGBMC (Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire) INSERM, U964; CNRS/Strasbourg University, UMR7104 1, rue Laurent Fries, BP10142, 67404, Illkirch, France
| | - Stéphane Audebert
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille Protéomique, Marseille, France
| | - Tarek Z Deeb
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College, London, WC1E, 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.,Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Wang
- AstraZeneca Tufts Laboratory for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111, USA.,Neuroscience, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niek Dekker
- Discovery Sciences, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Anass Jawhari
- CALIXAR, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.
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Samba Reddy D. Sex differences in the anticonvulsant activity of neurosteroids. J Neurosci Res 2017; 95:661-670. [PMID: 27870400 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the leading causes of chronic neurological morbidity worldwide. Acquired epilepsy may result from a number of conditions, such as brain injury, anoxia, tumors, stroke, neurotoxicity, and prolonged seizures. Sex differences have been observed in many seizure types; however, some sex-specific seizure disorders are much more prevalent in women. Despite some inconsistencies, substantial data indicates that sensitivity to seizure stimuli differs between the sexes. Men generally exhibit greater seizure susceptibility than women, whereas many women with epilepsy experience a cyclical occurrence of seizures that tends to center around the menstrual period, which has been termed catamenial epilepsy. Some epilepsy syndromes show gender differences with female predominance or male predominance. Steroid hormones, endogenous neurosteroids, and sexually dimorphic neural networks appear to play a key role in sex differences in seizure susceptibility. Neurosteroids, such as allopregnanolone, reflect sex differences in their anticonvulsant activity. This Review provides a brief overview of the evidence for sex differences in epilepsy and how sex differences influence the use of neurosteroids in epilepsy and epileptogenesis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doodipala Samba Reddy
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University Health Sciences Center, College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas
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30
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Valdivieso ÁG, Mori C, Clauzure M, Massip-Copiz M, Santa-Coloma TA. CFTR modulates RPS27 gene expression using chloride anion as signaling effector. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 633:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Depolarizing, inhibitory GABA type A receptor activity regulates GABAergic synapse plasticity via ERK and BDNF signaling. Neuropharmacology 2017; 128:324-339. [PMID: 29074304 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) begins as the key excitatory neurotransmitter in newly forming circuits, with chloride efflux from GABA type A receptors (GABAARs) producing membrane depolarization, which promotes calcium entry, dendritic outgrowth and synaptogenesis. As development proceeds, GABAergic signaling switches to inhibitory hyperpolarizing neurotransmission. Despite the evidence of impaired GABAergic neurotransmission in neurodevelopmental disorders, little is understood on how agonist-dependent GABAAR activation controls the formation and plasticity of GABAergic synapses. We have identified a weakly depolarizing and inhibitory GABAAR response in cortical neurons that occurs during the transition period from GABAAR depolarizing excitation to hyperpolarizing inhibitory activity. We show here that treatment with the GABAAR agonist muscimol mediates structural changes that diminish GABAergic synapse strength through postsynaptic and presynaptic plasticity via intracellular Ca2+ stores, ERK and BDNF/TrkB signaling. Muscimol decreases synaptic localization of surface γ2 GABAARs and gephyrin postsynaptic scaffold while β2/3 non-γ2 GABAARs accumulate in the synapse. Concurrent with this structural plasticity, muscimol treatment decreases synaptic currents while enhancing the γ2 containing benzodiazepine sensitive GABAAR tonic current in an ERK dependent manner. We further demonstrate that GABAAR activation leads to a decrease in presynaptic GAD65 levels via BDNF/TrkB signaling. Together these data reveal a novel mechanism for agonist induced GABAergic synapse plasticity that can occur on the timescale of minutes, contributing to rapid modification of synaptic and circuit function.
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32
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Hsu YT, Chang YG, Chang CP, Siew JJ, Chen HM, Tsai CH, Chern Y. Altered behavioral responses to gamma-aminobutyric acid pharmacological agents in a mouse model of Huntington's disease. Mov Disord 2017; 32:1600-1609. [PMID: 28782830 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptions in gamma-aminobutyric (GABA) acid signaling are believed to be involved in Huntington's disease pathogenesis, but the regulation of GABAergic signaling remains elusive. Here we evaluated GABAergic signaling by examining the function of GABAergic drugs in Huntington's disease and the expression of GABAergic molecules using mouse models and human brain tissues from Huntington's disease. METHODS We treated wild-type and R6/2 mice (a transgenic Huntington's disease mouse model) acutely with vehicle, diazepam, or gaboxadol (drugs that selectively target synaptic or extrasynaptic GABAA receptors) and monitored their locomotor activity. The expression levels of GABAA receptors and a major neuron-specific chloride extruder (potassium-chloride cotransporter-2) were analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS The R6/2 mice were less sensitive to the sedative effects of both drugs, suggesting reduced function of GABAA receptors. Consistently, the expression levels of α1/α2 and δ subunits were lower in the cortex and striatum of R6/2 mice. Similar results were also found in 2 other mouse models of Huntington's disease and in Huntington's disease patients. Moreover, the interaction and expression levels of potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 and its activator (brain-type creatine kinase) were decreased in Huntington's disease neurons. These findings collectively suggest impaired chloride homeostasis, which further dampens GABAA receptor-mediated inhibitory signaling in Huntington's disease brains. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulated GABAergic responses and altered expression levels of GABAA receptors and potassium-chloride cotransporter-2 in Huntington's disease mice appear to be authentic and may contribute to the clinical manifestations of Huntington's disease patients. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Hsu
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Gin Chang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan International Graduate Program in Interdisciplinary Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Pang Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jing Siew
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Mei Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chon-Haw Tsai
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yijuang Chern
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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33
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Tang T, Lang X, Xu C, Wang X, Gong T, Yang Y, Cui J, Bai L, Wang J, Jiang W, Zhou R. CLICs-dependent chloride efflux is an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Nat Commun 2017; 8:202. [PMID: 28779175 PMCID: PMC5544706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome can sense different pathogens or danger signals, and has been reported to be involved in the development of many human diseases. Potassium efflux and mitochondrial damage are both reported to mediate NLRP3 inflammasome activation, but the underlying, orchestrating signaling events are still unclear. Here we show that chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) act downstream of the potassium efflux-mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) axis to promote NLRP3 inflammasome activation. NLRP3 agonists induce potassium efflux, which causes mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Mitochondrial ROS then induces the translocation of CLICs to the plasma membrane for the induction of chloride efflux to promote NEK7-NLRP3 interaction, inflammasome assembly, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1β secretion. Thus, our results identify CLICs-dependent chloride efflux as an essential and proximal upstream event for NLRP3 activation.The NLRP3 inflammasome is key to the regulation of innate immunity against pathogens or stress, but the underlying signaling regulation is still unclear. Here the authors show that chloride intracellular channels (CLIC) interface between mitochondria stress and inflammasome activation to modulate inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Tang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xueting Lang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Congfei Xu
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Xiaqiong Wang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Li Bai
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
| | - Rongbin Zhou
- Institute of Immunology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Innovation Center for Cell Signalling Network, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China. .,Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230027, China.
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Puskarjov M, Fiumelli H, Briner A, Bodogan T, Demeter K, Lacoh CM, Mavrovic M, Blaesse P, Kaila K, Vutskits L. K-Cl Cotransporter 2-mediated Cl- Extrusion Determines Developmental Stage-dependent Impact of Propofol Anesthesia on Dendritic Spines. Anesthesiology 2017; 126:855-867. [PMID: 28301408 DOI: 10.1097/aln.0000000000001587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General anesthetics potentiating γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated signaling are known to induce a persistent decrement in excitatory synapse number in the cerebral cortex when applied during early postnatal development, while an opposite action is produced at later stages. Here, the authors test the hypothesis that the effect of general anesthetics on synaptogenesis depends upon the efficacy of GABA receptor type A (GABAA)-mediated inhibition controlled by the developmental up-regulation of the potassium-chloride (K-Cl) cotransporter 2 (KCC2). METHODS In utero electroporation of KCC2 was used to prematurely increase the efficacy of (GABAA)-mediated inhibition in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in the immature rat somatosensory cortex. Parallel experiments with expression of the inward-rectifier potassium channel Kir2.1 were done to reduce intrinsic neuronal excitability. The effects of these genetic manipulations (n = 3 to 4 animals per experimental group) were evaluated using iontophoretic injection of Lucifer Yellow (n = 8 to 12 cells per animal). The total number of spines analyzed per group ranged between 907 and 3,371. RESULTS The authors found a robust effect of the developmental up-regulation of KCC2-mediated Cl transport on the age-dependent action of propofol on dendritic spines. Premature expression of KCC2, unlike expression of a transport-inactive KCC2 variant, prevented a propofol-induced decrease in spine density. In line with a reduction in neuronal excitability, the above result was qualitatively replicated by overexpression of Kir2.1. CONCLUSIONS The KCC2-dependent developmental increase in the efficacy of GABAA-mediated inhibition is a major determinant of the age-dependent actions of propofol on dendritic spinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Puskarjov
- From the Department of Biosciences and Neuroscience Center (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland (M.P., M.M., P.B., K.K.); Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technology, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (H.F.); Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Intensive Care, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland (A.B., T.B., C.-M.L., L.V.); Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland (A.B., T.B., K.D., L.V.); and Institute of Experimental Medicine of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary (K.D.). Current position: Institute of Physiology I, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, Münster, Germany (P.B.)
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Clauzure M, Valdivieso ÁG, Massip-Copiz MM, Mori C, Dugour AV, Figueroa JM, Santa-Coloma TA. Intracellular Chloride Concentration Changes Modulate IL-1β Expression and Secretion in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cultured Cells. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:2131-2140. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariángeles Clauzure
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ángel G. Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - María M. Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Consuelo Mori
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
| | | | | | - Tomás A. Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) and School of Medical Sciences, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED); Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA); Buenos Aires Argentina
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Kirmse K, Hübner CA, Isbrandt D, Witte OW, Holthoff K. GABAergic Transmission during Brain Development: Multiple Effects at Multiple Stages. Neuroscientist 2017; 24:36-53. [PMID: 28378628 DOI: 10.1177/1073858417701382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved in deciphering the cellular and network functions of GABAergic transmission in the intact developing brain. First, in vivo studies in non-mammalian and mammalian species confirmed the long-held assumption that GABA acts as a mainly depolarizing neurotransmitter at early developmental stages. At the same time, GABAergic transmission was shown to spatiotemporally constrain spontaneous cortical activity, whereas firm evidence for GABAergic excitation in vivo is currently missing. Second, there is a growing body of evidence indicating that depolarizing GABA may contribute to the activity-dependent refinement of neural circuits. Third, alterations in GABA actions have been causally linked to developmental brain disorders and identified as potential targets of timed prophylactic interventions. In this article, we review these major recent findings and argue that both depolarizing and inhibitory GABA actions may be crucial for physiological brain maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut Kirmse
- 1 Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Dirk Isbrandt
- 3 Institute for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,4 German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Otto W Witte
- 1 Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Knut Holthoff
- 1 Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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Contestabile A, Magara S, Cancedda L. The GABAergic Hypothesis for Cognitive Disabilities in Down Syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:54. [PMID: 28326014 PMCID: PMC5339239 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21. DS affects multiple organs, but it invariably results in altered brain development and diverse degrees of intellectual disability. A large body of evidence has shown that synaptic deficits and memory impairment are largely determined by altered GABAergic signaling in trisomic mouse models of DS. These alterations arise during brain development while extending into adulthood, and include genesis of GABAergic neurons, variation of the inhibitory drive and modifications in the control of neural-network excitability. Accordingly, different pharmacological interventions targeting GABAergic signaling have proven promising preclinical approaches to rescue cognitive impairment in DS mouse models. In this review, we will discuss recent data regarding the complex scenario of GABAergic dysfunctions in the trisomic brain of DS mice and patients, and we will evaluate the state of current clinical research targeting GABAergic signaling in individuals with DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Contestabile
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Genova, Italy
| | - Salvatore Magara
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Genova, Italy
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT)Genova, Italy; Dulbecco Telethon InstituteGenova, Italy
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Chen M, Wang J, Jiang J, Zheng X, Justice NJ, Wang K, Ran X, Li Y, Huo Q, Zhang J, Li H, Lu N, Wang Y, Zheng H, Long C, Yang L. APP modulates KCC2 expression and function in hippocampal GABAergic inhibition. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28054918 PMCID: PMC5224924 DOI: 10.7554/elife.20142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is enriched at the synapse, but its synaptic function is still poorly understood. We previously showed that GABAergic short-term plasticity is impaired in App knock-out (App-/-) animals, but the precise mechanism by which APP regulates GABAergic synaptic transmission has remained elusive. Using electrophysiological, biochemical, moleculobiological, and pharmacological analysis, here we show that APP can physically interact with KCC2, a neuron-specific K+-Cl- cotransporter that is essential for Cl- homeostasis and fast GABAergic inhibition. APP deficiency results in significant reductions in both total and membrane KCC2 levels, leading to a depolarizing shift in the GABA reversal potential (EGABA). Simultaneous measurement of presynaptic action potentials and inhibitory postsynaptic currents (IPSCs) in hippocampal neurons reveals impaired unitary IPSC amplitudes attributable to a reduction in α1 subunit levels of GABAAR. Importantly, restoration of normal KCC2 expression and function in App-/- mice rescues EGABA, GABAAR α1 levels and GABAAR mediated phasic inhibition. We show that APP functions to limit tyrosine-phosphorylation and ubiquitination and thus subsequent degradation of KCC2, providing a mechanism by which APP influences KCC2 abundance. Together, these experiments elucidate a novel molecular pathway in which APP regulates, via protein-protein interaction with KCC2, GABAAR mediated inhibition in the hippocampus. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20142.001 Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of dementia. One of the hallmarks of the disease is the formation of sticky protein clumps called amyloid plaques in the brain. These plaques are formed from specific fragments of a protein called APP. The intact form of APP is essential for synapses (the junctions across which neurons transmit signals) to form and work correctly. The hippocampus is one of the first brain regions to be affected in Alzheimer’s disease and is important for forming memories and emotions. In the hippocampus, GABAA receptors at synapses normally tightly regulate synaptic signaling by reducing the ability of the receiving neuron to respond, but this inhibition is disrupted in Alzheimer’s disease. Studies suggest that APP can affect how GABAA receptors transmit signals, but it is not known how it does so. One possibility is that APP regulates a protein called KCC2 that helps to maintain the inhibitory effect of GABAA receptors. To investigate this, Chen et al. genetically modified mice to lack the gene that produces APP. These mice had a lower level of KCC2 in their hippocampus than normal mice, and their GABAA receptors were less able to inhibit synaptic signaling. Further experiments demonstrated that APP physically interacts with KCC2 and maintains normal levels of the protein by preventing it from being chemically modified and degraded. Chen et al. also showed that treating mice that lack APP with specific compounds can restore KCC2 activity and return the behavior of synaptic GABAA receptors to normal. Future studies in mice (and eventually people) that exhibit symptoms of Alzheimer's disease will help to determine whether KCC2 is important in the development of the disease. If so, modifying the levels of the KCC2 protein in the brain could potentially help to slow down memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20142.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinzhao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxiang Jiang
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Brain Science Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhi Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nicholas J Justice
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Ran
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Huo
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Nannan Lu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Huffington Center on Aging, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Cheng Long
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Brain Science Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Psychology and Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Brain Science Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
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Pizzamiglio L, Focchi E, Murru L, Tamborini M, Passafaro M, Menna E, Matteoli M, Antonucci F. New Role of ATM in Controlling GABAergic Tone During Development. Cereb Cortex 2016; 26:3879-88. [PMID: 27166172 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhw125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to guarantee the proper excitatory/inhibitory balance is one of the most critical steps during early development responsible for the correct brain organization, function, and plasticity. GABAergic neurons guide this process leading to the right structural organization, brain circuitry, and neuronal firing. Here, we identified the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM), a serine/threonine protein kinase linked to DNA damage response, as crucial in regulating neurotransmission. We found that reduced levels of ATM in the hippocampal neuronal cultures produce an excitatory/inhibitory unbalance toward inhibition as indicated by the higher frequency of miniature inhibitory postsynaptic current events and an increased number of GABAergic synapses. In vivo, the increased inhibition still persists and, even if a higher excitation is also present, a reduced neuronal excitability is found as indicated by the lower action potential frequency generated in response to high-current intensity stimuli. Finally, we found an elevated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation in heterozygous hippocampi associated with lower expression levels of the ERK1/2 phosphatase PP1. Given that the neurodegenerative condition associated with genetic mutations in the Atm gene, ataxia telangiectasia, presents a variable phenotype with impairment in cognition, our molecular findings provide a logical frame for a more clear comprehension of cognitive defects in the pathology, opening to novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Pizzamiglio
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Lazzaro Spallanzani, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Focchi
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano, Rozzano (Milan), Italy
| | - Luca Murru
- Institute of Neuroscience, C.N.R., 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Tamborini
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elisabetta Menna
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano, Rozzano (Milan), Italy Institute of Neuroscience, C.N.R., 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Matteoli
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS Rozzano, Rozzano (Milan), Italy Institute of Neuroscience, C.N.R., 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - Flavia Antonucci
- Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy Institute of Neuroscience, C.N.R., 20129 Milan, Italy
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40
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Mele M, Leal G, Duarte CB. Role of GABAAR trafficking in the plasticity of inhibitory synapses. J Neurochem 2016; 139:997-1018. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miranda Mele
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Graciano Leal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
| | - Carlos B. Duarte
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences; University of Coimbra; Coimbra Portugal
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41
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Awad PN, Sanon NT, Chattopadhyaya B, Carriço JN, Ouardouz M, Gagné J, Duss S, Wolf D, Desgent S, Cancedda L, Carmant L, Di Cristo G. Reducing premature KCC2 expression rescues seizure susceptibility and spine morphology in atypical febrile seizures. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 91:10-20. [PMID: 26875662 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atypical febrile seizures are considered a risk factor for epilepsy onset and cognitive impairments later in life. Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and a history of atypical febrile seizures often carry a cortical malformation. This association has led to the hypothesis that the presence of a cortical dysplasia exacerbates febrile seizures in infancy, in turn increasing the risk for neurological sequelae. The mechanisms linking these events are currently poorly understood. Potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2 affects several aspects of neuronal circuit development and function, by modulating GABAergic transmission and excitatory synapse formation. Recent data suggest that KCC2 downregulation contributes to seizure generation in the epileptic adult brain, but its role in the developing brain is still controversial. In a rodent model of atypical febrile seizures, combining a cortical dysplasia and hyperthermia-induced seizures (LHS rats), we found a premature and sustained increase in KCC2 protein levels, accompanied by a negative shift of the reversal potential of GABA. In parallel, we observed a significant reduction in dendritic spine size and mEPSC amplitude in CA1 pyramidal neurons, accompanied by spatial memory deficits. To investigate whether KCC2 premature overexpression plays a role in seizure susceptibility and synaptic alterations, we reduced KCC2 expression selectively in hippocampal pyramidal neurons by in utero electroporation of shRNA. Remarkably, KCC2 shRNA-electroporated LHS rats show reduced hyperthermia-induced seizure susceptibility, while dendritic spine size deficits were rescued. Our findings demonstrate that KCC2 overexpression in a compromised developing brain increases febrile seizure susceptibility and contribute to dendritic spine alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia N Awad
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1N8, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie T Sanon
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Bidisha Chattopadhyaya
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Josianne Nunes Carriço
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Mohamed Ouardouz
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Jonathan Gagné
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1N8, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sandra Duss
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Daniele Wolf
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1N8, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sébastien Desgent
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Laura Cancedda
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, via Morego, 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Lionel Carmant
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1N8, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - Graziella Di Cristo
- Neurosciences Department, Université de Montréal, 2960 Chemin de la Tour, Montréal, Québec H3T 1N8, Canada; CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, 3175 Chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1C5, Canada.
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Jaenisch N, Liebmann L, Guenther M, Hübner CA, Frahm C, Witte OW. Reduced tonic inhibition after stroke promotes motor performance and epileptic seizures. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26173. [PMID: 27188341 PMCID: PMC4870642 DOI: 10.1038/srep26173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke survivors often recover from motor deficits, either spontaneously or with the support of rehabilitative training. Since tonic GABAergic inhibition controls network excitability, it may be involved in recovery. Middle cerebral artery occlusion in rodents reduces tonic GABAergic inhibition in the structurally intact motor cortex (M1). Transcript and protein abundance of the extrasynaptic GABAA-receptor complex α4β3δ are concurrently reduced (δ-GABAARs). In vivo and in vitro analyses show that stroke-induced glutamate release activates NMDA receptors, thereby reducing KCC2 transporters and down-regulates δ-GABAARs. Functionally, this is associated with improved motor performance on the RotaRod, a test in which mice are forced to move in a similar manner to rehabilitative training sessions. As an adverse side effect, decreased tonic inhibition facilitates post-stroke epileptic seizures. Our data imply that early and sometimes surprisingly fast recovery following stroke is supported by homeostatic, endogenous plasticity of extrasynaptic GABAA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Jaenisch
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lutz Liebmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Madlen Guenther
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Christian A. Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Christiane Frahm
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Otto W. Witte
- Hans-Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
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Hernan AE, Holmes GL. Antiepileptic drug treatment strategies in neonatal epilepsy. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2016; 226:179-93. [PMID: 27323943 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The highest risk of seizures across the lifespan is in the neonatal period. The enhanced excitability of the immature brain compared to the mature brain is related to the sequential development and expression of essential neurotransmitter signaling pathways. During the neonatal period there is an overabundance of excitatory receptors, and γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA) is potentially depolarizing, as opposed to hyperpolarizing in the older brain. While this enhanced excitability is required for regulation of activity-dependent synapse formation and refining of synaptic connections that are necessary for normal brain development, enhanced excitability predisposes the immature brain to seizures. In addition to being common, neonatal seizures are very difficult to treat; antiepileptic drugs used in older children and adults are less efficacious, and possibly detrimental to brain development. In an effort to target the unique features of neurotransmission in the neonate, bumetanide, an NKCC1 inhibitor which reduces intraneuronal Cl(-) and induces a significant shift of EGABA toward more hyperpolarized values in vitro, has been used to treat neonatal seizures. As the understanding of the pathophysiology of genetic forms of neonatal epilepsy has evolved there have been a few successful attempts to pharmacologically target the mutated protein. This approach, while promising, is challenging due to the findings that the genetic syndromes presenting in infancy demonstrate genetic heterogeneity in regard to both the mutated gene and its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Hernan
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - G L Holmes
- University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, United States.
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Harada K, Matsuoka H, Fujihara H, Ueta Y, Yanagawa Y, Inoue M. GABA Signaling and Neuroactive Steroids in Adrenal Medullary Chromaffin Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:100. [PMID: 27147972 PMCID: PMC4834308 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is produced not only in the brain, but also in endocrine cells by the two isoforms of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), GAD65 and GAD67. In rat adrenal medullary chromaffin cells only GAD67 is expressed, and GABA is stored in large dense core vesicles (LDCVs), but not synaptic-like microvesicles (SLMVs). The α3β2/3γ2 complex represents the majority of GABAA receptors expressed in rat and guinea pig chromaffin cells, whereas PC12 cells, an immortalized rat chromaffin cell line, express the α1 subunit as well as the α3. The expression of α3, but not α1, in PC12 cells is enhanced by glucocorticoid activity, which may be mediated by both the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GABA has two actions mediated by GABAA receptors in chromaffin cells: it induces catecholamine secretion by itself and produces an inhibition of synaptically evoked secretion by a shunt effect. Allopregnanolone, a neuroactive steroid which is secreted from the adrenal cortex, produces a marked facilitation of GABAA receptor channel activity. Since there are no GABAergic nerve fibers in the adrenal medulla, GABA may function as a para/autocrine factor in the chromaffin cells. This function of GABA may be facilitated by expression of the immature isoforms of GAD and GABAA receptors and the lack of expression of plasma membrane GABA transporters (GATs). In this review, we will consider how the para/autocrine function of GABA is achieved, focusing on the structural and molecular mechanisms for GABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Harada
- Department of Cell and Systems Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hidetada Matsuoka
- Department of Cell and Systems Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Fujihara
- Department of Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ueta
- Department of Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Yuchio Yanagawa
- Department of Genetic and Behavioral Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masumi Inoue
- Department of Cell and Systems Physiology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health School of Medicine Kitakyushu, Japan
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Veerawatananan B, Surakul P, Chutabhakdikul N. Maternal restraint stress delays maturation of cation-chloride cotransporters and GABAA receptor subunits in the hippocampus of rat pups at puberty. Neurobiol Stress 2015; 3:1-7. [PMID: 26844244 PMCID: PMC4730793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The GABAergic synapse undergoes structural and functional maturation during early brain development. Maternal stress alters GABAergic synapses in the pup's brain that are associated with the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders in adults; however, the mechanism for this is still unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of maternal restraint stress on the development of Cation-Chloride Cotransporters (CCCs) and the GABAA receptor α1 and α5 subunits in the hippocampus of rat pups at different postnatal ages. Our results demonstrate that maternal restraint stress induces a transient but significant increase in the level of NKCC1 (Sodium–Potassium Chloride Cotransporter 1) only at P14, followed by a brief, yet significant increase in the level of KCC2 (Potassium-Chloride Cotransporter 2) at P21, which then decreases from P28 until P40. Thus, maternal stress alters NKCC1 and KCC2 ratio in the hippocampus of rat pups, especially during P14 to P28. Maternal restraint stress also caused biphasic changes in the level of GABAA receptor subunits in the pup's hippocampus. GABAA receptor α1 subunit gradually increased at P14 then decreased thereafter. On the contrary, GABAA receptor α5 subunit showed a transient decrease followed by a long-term increase from P21 until P40. Altogether, our study suggested that the maternal restraint stress might delay maturation of the GABAergic system by altering the expression of NKCC1, KCC2 and GABAA receptor α1 and α5 subunits in the hippocampus of rat pups. These changes demonstrate the dysregulation of inhibitory neurotransmission during early life, which may underlie the pathogenesis of psychiatric diseases at adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bovorn Veerawatananan
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
| | - Pornprom Surakul
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand
| | - Nuanchan Chutabhakdikul
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakornpathom 73170, Thailand
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Alshahrani S, Almutairi MM, Kursan S, Dias-Junior E, Almiahuob MM, Aguilar-Bryan L, Di Fulvio M. Increased Slc12a1 expression in β-cells and improved glucose disposal in Slc12a2 heterozygous mice. J Endocrinol 2015; 227:153-65. [PMID: 26400961 PMCID: PMC4623298 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The products of the Slc12a1 and Slc12a2 genes, commonly known as Na(+)-dependent K(+)2Cl(-) co-transporters NKCC2 and NKCC1, respectively, are the targets for the diuretic bumetanide. NKCCs are implicated in the regulation of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl(-)]i) in pancreatic β-cells, and as such, they may play a role in glucose-stimulated plasma membrane depolarization and insulin secretion. Unexpectedly, permanent elimination of NKCC1 does not preclude insulin secretion, an event potentially linked to the homeostatic regulation of additional Cl(-) transporters expressed in β-cells. In this report we provide evidence for such a mechanism. Mice lacking a single allele of Slc12a2 exhibit lower fasting glycemia, increased acute insulin response (AIR) and lower blood glucose levels 15-30 min after a glucose load when compared to mice harboring both alleles of the gene. Furthermore, heterozygous expression or complete absence of Slc12a2 associates with increased NKCC2 protein expression in rodent pancreatic β-cells. This has been confirmed by using chronic pharmacological down-regulation of NKCC1 with bumetanide in the mouse MIN6 β-cell line or permanent molecular silencing of NKCC1 in COS7 cells, which results in increased NKCC2 expression. Furthermore, MIN6 cells chronically pretreated with bumetanide exhibit increased initial rates of Cl(-) uptake while preserving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, our results suggest that NKCCs are involved in insulin secretion and that a single Slc12a2 allele may protect β-cells from failure due to increased homeostatic expression of Slc12a1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 216 HSB, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USAPacific Northwest Diabetes Research InstituteSeattle, Washington 98122, USA
| | - Mohammed Mashari Almutairi
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 216 HSB, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USAPacific Northwest Diabetes Research InstituteSeattle, Washington 98122, USA
| | - Shams Kursan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 216 HSB, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USAPacific Northwest Diabetes Research InstituteSeattle, Washington 98122, USA
| | - Eduardo Dias-Junior
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 216 HSB, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USAPacific Northwest Diabetes Research InstituteSeattle, Washington 98122, USA
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Almiahuob
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 216 HSB, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USAPacific Northwest Diabetes Research InstituteSeattle, Washington 98122, USA
| | - Lydia Aguilar-Bryan
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 216 HSB, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USAPacific Northwest Diabetes Research InstituteSeattle, Washington 98122, USA
| | - Mauricio Di Fulvio
- Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBoonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, 216 HSB, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USAPacific Northwest Diabetes Research InstituteSeattle, Washington 98122, USA
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Tsukahara T, Masuhara M, Iwai H, Sonomura T, Sato T. Repeated stress-induced expression pattern alterations of the hippocampal chloride transporters KCC2 and NKCC1 associated with behavioral abnormalities in female mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 465:145-51. [PMID: 26239662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The balance of cation-chloride co-transporters, particularly KCC2 and NKCC1, is critical for GABAergic inhibitory signaling. However, KCC2/NKCC1 balance is disrupted in many neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, correlations between chronic stress, KCC2 and NKCC1 in the hippocampus remain poorly understood. Despite the fact that emotional disorders in humans are far more prevalent in women, there have been relatively few studies about female subjects. Here we investigated behaviors and expression patterns of KCC2 and NKCC1 in the hippocampi of female mice under chronic stress. Repeated stress (RS) was induced in experimental mice by repeated forced water administration. Then, expression patterns of GABAergic signaling molecules were identified by immunohistochemical analysis and performance was assessed using several behavioral tests. The results of semi-quantitative analysis showed that RS decreased KCC2 expression and increased NKCC1 expression in membranes of granular and pyramidal cells in the hippocampus. The novel object recognition (NOR) test and sociability test revealed that RS induced cognitive and sociability deficits, whereas RS increased the time spent in the open arms of the elevated plus maze test and induced attention deficits in other tests. In summary, RS induced alterations in membrane KCC2/NKCC1 balance in the hippocampus of female mice, which may contribute to GABAergic disinhibition associated with cognitional, sociability and attention deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Tsukahara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Masaaki Masuhara
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Haruki Iwai
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-854, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sonomura
- Department of Anatomy II, School of Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sato
- Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan.
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Titz S, Sammler EM, Hormuzdi SG. Could tuning of the inhibitory tone involve graded changes in neuronal chloride transport? Neuropharmacology 2015; 95:321-31. [PMID: 25843644 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarizing synaptic inhibition through GABAA and glycine receptors depends on the presence of the neuronal cation-chloride-cotransporter protein, KCC2. Several transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms have been shown to regulate KCC2 and thereby influence the polarity and efficacy of inhibitory synaptic transmission. It is unclear however whether regulation of KCC2 enables the transporter to attain different levels of activity thus allowing a neuron to modulate the strength of inhibitory synaptic transmission to its changing requirements. We therefore investigated whether phosphorylation can allow KCC2 to achieve distinct levels of [Cl(-)]i in neurons. We generated a variety of KCC2 alanine dephosphorylation mimics and used NH4(+)-induced pHi shifts in cultured hippocampal neurons to quantify the rate of KCC2 transport activity exhibited by these mutants. To explore the relationship between KCC2 transport and GABAA receptor-mediated current amplitudes we performed gramicidine perforated-patch recordings. The correlation between EGABA and NH4(+)-induced pHi shifts enabled an estimate of the range of chloride extrusion possible by kinase/phosphatase regulation of KCC2. Our results demonstrate that KCC2 transport can vary considerably in magnitude depending on the combination of alanine mutations present on the protein. Transport can be enhanced to sufficiently high levels that hyperpolarizing GABAA responses may be obtained even in neurons with an extremely negative resting membrane potential and at high extracellular K(+) concentrations. Our findings highlight the significant potential for regulating the inhibitory tone by KCC2-mediated chloride extrusion and suggest that cellular signaling pathways may act combinatorially to alter KCC2 phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and thereby tune the strength of synaptic inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Titz
- Institute for Physiology und Pathophysiology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 326, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Esther M Sammler
- Division of Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Sheriar G Hormuzdi
- Division of Neuroscience, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Barberis
- Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Post-synaptic Mechanisms of GABAergic Transmission, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Bacci
- Inserm U 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités UPMC Paris 06, UMR S 11 Paris, France ; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière Paris, France
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50
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Holmes GL, Tian C, Hernan AE, Flynn S, Camp D, Barry J. Alterations in sociability and functional brain connectivity caused by early-life seizures are prevented by bumetanide. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 77:204-19. [PMID: 25766676 PMCID: PMC4682568 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a well-described association between infantile epilepsy and pervasive cognitive and behavioral deficits, including a high incidence of autism spectrum disorders. Despite the robustness of the relationship between early-life seizures and the development of autism, the pathophysiological mechanism by which this occurs has not been explored. As a result of increasing evidence that autism is a disorder of brain connectivity we hypothesized that early-life seizures would interrupt normal brain connectivity during brain maturation and result in an autistic phenotype. Normal rat pups underwent recurrent flurothyl-induced seizures from postnatal (P)days 5-14 and then tested, along with controls, for developmental alterations of development brain oscillatory activity from P18-P25. Specifically we wished to understand how normal changes in rhythmicity in and between brain regions change as a function of age and if this rhythmicity is altered or interrupted by early life seizures. In rat pups with early-life seizures, field recordings from dorsal and ventral hippocampus and prefrontal cortex demonstrated marked increase in coherence as well as a decrease in voltage correlation at all bandwidths compared to controls while there were minimal differences in total power and relative power spectral densities. Rats with early-life seizures had resulting impairment in the sociability and social novelty tests but demonstrated no evidence of increased activity or generalized anxiety as measured in the open field. In addition, rats with early-life seizures had lower seizure thresholds than controls, indicating long-standing alterations in the excitatory/inhibition balance. Bumetanide, a pharmacological agent that blocks the activity of NKCC1 and induces a significant shift of ECl toward more hyperpolarized values, administration at the time of the seizures precluded the subsequent abnormalities in coherence and voltage correlation and resulted in normal sociability and seizure threshold. Taken together these findings indicate that early-life seizures alter the development of oscillations and result in autistic-like behaviors. The altered communication between these brain regions could reflect the physiological underpinnings underlying social cognitive deficits seen in autism spectrum disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Holmes
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405, USA.
| | - Chengju Tian
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405, USA
| | - Amanda E Hernan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405, USA
| | - Sean Flynn
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405, USA
| | - Devon Camp
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405, USA
| | - Jeremy Barry
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT05405, USA
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