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Xue Y, Boivin JR, Wadduwage DN, Park JK, Nedivi E, So PTC. Multiline orthogonal scanning temporal focusing (mosTF) microscopy for scattering reduction in in vivo brain imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10954. [PMID: 38740797 PMCID: PMC11091065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal focusing two-photon microscopy has been utilized for high-resolution imaging of neuronal and synaptic structures across volumes spanning hundreds of microns in vivo. However, a limitation of temporal focusing is the rapid degradation of the signal-to-background ratio and resolution with increasing imaging depth. This degradation is due to scattered emission photons being widely distributed, resulting in a strong background. To overcome this challenge, we have developed multiline orthogonal scanning temporal focusing (mosTF) microscopy. mosTF captures a sequence of images at each scan location of the excitation line. A reconstruction algorithm then reassigns scattered photons back to their correct scan positions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of mosTF by acquiring neuronal images of mice in vivo. Our results show remarkable improvements in in vivo brain imaging with mosTF, while maintaining its speed advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Josiah R Boivin
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dushan N Wadduwage
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jong Kang Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elly Nedivi
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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2
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Xue Y, Boivin JR, Wadduwage DN, Park JK, Nedivi E, So PT. Multiline Orthogonal Scanning Temporal Focusing (mosTF) Microscopy for Scattering Reduction in High-speed in vivo Brain Imaging. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3576146. [PMID: 38014213 PMCID: PMC10680946 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3576146/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Temporal focusing two-photon microscopy enables high resolution imaging of fine structures in vivo over a large volume. A limitation of temporal focusing is that signal-to-background ratio and resolution degrade rapidly with increasing imaging depth. This degradation originates from the scattered emission photons are widely distributed resulting in a strong background. We have developed Multiline Orthogonal Scanning Temporal Focusing (mosTF) microscopy that overcomes this problem. mosTF captures a sequence of images at each scan location of the excitation line, followed by a reconstruction algorithm reassigns scattered photons back to the correct scan position. We demonstrate mosTF by acquiring mice neuronal images in vivo. Our results show remarkably improvements with mosTF for in vivo brain imaging while maintaining its speed advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Josiah R. Boivin
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Dushan N. Wadduwage
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Jong Kang Park
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Elly Nedivi
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Peter T.C. So
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- Dept. of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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3
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Lin J, Cheng Z, Yang G, Cui M. Optical gearbox enabled versatile multiscale high-throughput multiphoton functional imaging. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6564. [PMID: 36323707 PMCID: PMC9630539 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34472-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the function and mechanism of biological systems, it is crucial to observe the cellular dynamics at high spatiotemporal resolutions within live animals. The recent advances in genetically encoded function indicators have significantly improved the response rate to a near millisecond time scale. However, the widely employed in vivo imaging systems often lack the temporal solution to capture the fast biological dynamics. To broadly enable the capability of high-speed in vivo deep-tissue imaging, we developed an optical gearbox. As an add-on module, the optical gearbox can convert the common multiphoton imaging systems for versatile multiscale high-throughput imaging applications. In this work, we demonstrate in vivo 2D and 3D function imaging in mammalian brains at frame rates ranging from 50 to 1000 Hz. The optical gearbox's versatility and compatibility with the widely employed imaging components will be highly valuable to a variety of deep tissue imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianian Lin
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Zongyue Cheng
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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4
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Wei Z, Sun T, Shimoda S, Chen Z, Chen X, Wang H, Huang Q, Fukuda T, Shi Q. Bio-inspired engineering of a perfusion culture platform for guided three-dimensional nerve cell growth and differentiation. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1006-1017. [PMID: 35147637 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Collagen provides a promising environment for 3D nerve cell culture; however, the function of perfusion culture and cell-growth guidance is difficult to integrate into such an environment to promote cell growth. In this paper, we develop a bio-inspired design method for constructing a perfusion culture platform for guided nerve cell growth and differentiation in collagen. Based on the anatomical structure of peripheral neural tissue, a biomimetic porous structure (BPS) is fabricated by two-photon polymerization of IP-Visio. The micro-capillary effect is then utilized to facilitate the self-assembly of cell encapsulated collagen into the BPS. 3D perfusion culture can be rapidly implemented by inserting the cell-filled BPS into a pipette tip connected with syringe pumps. Furthermore, we investigate the nerve cell behavior in the BPS. 7-channel aligned cellular structures surrounded with a Schwann cell layer can be stably formed after a long-time perfusion culture. Differentiation of PC12 cells and mouse neural stem cells shows 3D neurite outgrowth alignment and elongation in collagen. The calcium activities of differentiated PC12 cells are visualized for confirming the preliminary formation of cell function. These results demonstrate that the proposed bio-inspired 3D cell culture platform with the advantages of miniaturization, structure complexity and perfusion has great potential for future application in the study of nerve regeneration and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihou Wei
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Shingo Shimoda
- Center of Brain Science (CBS), CBS-TOYOTA Collaboration Center (BTCC), Intelligent Behaviour Control Unit, Riken, Nagoya 463-0003, Japan
| | - Zhe Chen
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Toshio Fukuda
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qing Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems (Beijing Institute of Technology), Ministry of Education, 100081, People's Republic of China.
- School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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5
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Kajtez J, Nilsson F, Fiorenzano A, Parmar M, Emnéus J. 3D biomaterial models of human brain disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 147:105043. [PMID: 33887378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Inherent limitations of the traditional approaches to study brain function and disease, such as rodent models and 2D cell culture platforms, have led to the development of 3D in vitro cell culture systems. These systems, products of multidisciplinary efforts encompassing stem cell biology, materials engineering, and biofabrication, have quickly shown great potential to mimic biochemical composition, structural properties, and cellular morphology and diversity found in the native brain tissue. Crucial to these developments have been the advancements in stem cell technology and cell reprogramming protocols that allow reproducible generation of human subtype-specific neurons and glia in laboratory conditions. At the same time, biomaterials have been designed to provide cells in 3D with a microenvironment that mimics functional and structural aspects of the native extracellular matrix with increasing fidelity. In this article, we review the use of biomaterials in 3D in vitro models of neurological disorders with focus on hydrogel technology and with biochemical composition and physical properties of the in vivo environment as reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janko Kajtez
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden.
| | - Fredrik Nilsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Fiorenzano
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Malin Parmar
- Department of Experimental Medical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Center, Division of Neurobiology and Lund Stem Cell Center, BMC A11, Lund University, Lund, S-22184, Sweden
| | - Jenny Emnéus
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Forro C, Caron D, Angotzi GN, Gallo V, Berdondini L, Santoro F, Palazzolo G, Panuccio G. Electrophysiology Read-Out Tools for Brain-on-Chip Biotechnology. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:124. [PMID: 33498905 PMCID: PMC7912435 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Brain-on-Chip (BoC) biotechnology is emerging as a promising tool for biomedical and pharmaceutical research applied to the neurosciences. At the convergence between lab-on-chip and cell biology, BoC couples in vitro three-dimensional brain-like systems to an engineered microfluidics platform designed to provide an in vivo-like extrinsic microenvironment with the aim of replicating tissue- or organ-level physiological functions. BoC therefore offers the advantage of an in vitro reproduction of brain structures that is more faithful to the native correlate than what is obtained with conventional cell culture techniques. As brain function ultimately results in the generation of electrical signals, electrophysiology techniques are paramount for studying brain activity in health and disease. However, as BoC is still in its infancy, the availability of combined BoC-electrophysiology platforms is still limited. Here, we summarize the available biological substrates for BoC, starting with a historical perspective. We then describe the available tools enabling BoC electrophysiology studies, detailing their fabrication process and technical features, along with their advantages and limitations. We discuss the current and future applications of BoC electrophysiology, also expanding to complementary approaches. We conclude with an evaluation of the potential translational applications and prospective technology developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Forro
- Tissue Electronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53-80125 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Davide Caron
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Gian Nicola Angotzi
- Microtechnology for Neuroelectronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (G.N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Gallo
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Luca Berdondini
- Microtechnology for Neuroelectronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (G.N.A.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesca Santoro
- Tissue Electronics, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Largo Barsanti e Matteucci, 53-80125 Naples, Italy; (C.F.); (F.S.)
| | - Gemma Palazzolo
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
| | - Gabriella Panuccio
- Enhanced Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego, 30-16163 Genova, Italy; (D.C.); (V.G.)
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7
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Zhuang C, Li X, Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Dai Q. Photobleaching Imprinting Enhanced Background Rejection in Line-Scanning Temporal Focusing Microscopy. Front Chem 2021; 8:618131. [PMID: 33392156 PMCID: PMC7773834 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.618131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, two-photon temporal focusing microscopy (2pTFM) provides a parallel high-speed imaging strategy with optical sectioning capability. Owing to out-of-focus fluorescence induced by scattering, 2pTFM suffers deteriorated signal-to-background ratio (SBR) for deep imaging in turbid tissue, Here, we utilized the photobleaching property of fluorophore to eliminate out-of-focus fluorescence. According to different decay rates in different focal depth, we extract the in-focus signals out of backgrounds through time-lapse images. We analyzed the theoretical foundations of photobleaching imprinting of the line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy, simulated implementation for background rejection, and demonstrated the contrast enhancement in MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cells and cleared Thy1-YFP mouse brains. More than 50% of total background light rejection was achieved, providing higher SBR images of the MCF-10A samples and mouse brains. The photobleaching imprinting method can be easily adapted to other fluorescence dyes or proteins, which may have application in studies involving relatively large and nontransparent organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaowei Zhuang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyang Li
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanlong Zhang
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjie Kong
- Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Beijing, China.,Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Intelligence, Beijing Municipal Education Commission, Beijing, China
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8
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Chang CY, Lin CY, Hu YY, Tsai SF, Hsu FC, Chen SJ. Temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy with optimized parallel multiline scanning for fast biotissue imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200171RR. [PMID: 33386708 PMCID: PMC7778456 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.016501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Line scanning-based temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy (TFMPM) has superior axial excitation confinement (AEC) compared to conventional widefield TFMPM, but the frame rate is limited due to the limitation of the single line-to-line scanning mechanism. The development of the multiline scanning-based TFMPM requires only eight multiline patterns for full-field uniform multiphoton excitation and it still maintains superior AEC. AIM The optimized parallel multiline scanning TFMPM is developed, and the performance is verified with theoretical simulation. The system provides a sharp AEC equivalent to the line scanning-based TFMPM, but fewer scans are required. APPROACH A digital micromirror device is integrated in the TFMPM system and generates the multiline pattern for excitation. Based on the result of single-line pattern with sharp AEC, we can further model the multiline pattern to find the best structure that has the highest duty cycle together with the best AEC performance. RESULTS The AEC is experimentally improved to 1.7 μm from the 3.5 μm of conventional TFMPM. The adopted multiline pattern is akin to a pulse-width-modulation pattern with a spatial period of four times the diffraction-limited line width. In other words, ideally only four π / 2 spatial phase-shift scans are required to form a full two-dimensional image with superior AEC instead of image-size-dependent line-to-line scanning. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the developed parallel multiline scanning-based TFMPM has the multiline pattern for sharp AEC and the least scans required for full-field uniform excitation. In the experimental results, the temporal focusing-based multiphoton images of disordered biotissue of mouse skin with improved axial resolution due to the near-theoretical limit AEC are shown to clearly reduce background scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Yuan Chang
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yun Lin
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yvonne Y. Hu
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Feng Tsai
- National Cheng Kung University, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chun Hsu
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Jen Chen
- National Chiao Tung University, College of Photonics, Tainan, Taiwan
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9
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Abstract
Engineered human mini-brains, made possible by knowledge from the convergence of precision microengineering and cell biology, permit systematic studies of complex neurological processes and of pathogenesis beyond what can be done with animal models. By culturing human brain cells with physiological microenvironmental cues, human mini-brain models reconstitute the arrangement of structural tissues and some of the complex biological functions of the human brain. In this Review, we highlight the most significant developments that have led to microphysiological human mini-brain models. We introduce the history of mini-brain development, review methods for creating mini-brain models in static conditions, and discuss relevant state-of-the-art dynamic cell-culture systems. We also review human mini-brain models that reconstruct aspects of major neurological disorders under static or dynamic conditions. Engineered human mini-brains will contribute to advancing the study of the physiology and aetiology of neurological disorders, and to the development of personalized medicines for them.
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Nikolakopoulou P, Rauti R, Voulgaris D, Shlomy I, Maoz BM, Herland A. Recent progress in translational engineered in vitro models of the central nervous system. Brain 2020; 143:3181-3213. [PMID: 33020798 PMCID: PMC7719033 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the human brain poses a substantial challenge for the development of models of the CNS. Current animal models lack many essential human characteristics (in addition to raising operational challenges and ethical concerns), and conventional in vitro models, in turn, are limited in their capacity to provide information regarding many functional and systemic responses. Indeed, these challenges may underlie the notoriously low success rates of CNS drug development efforts. During the past 5 years, there has been a leap in the complexity and functionality of in vitro systems of the CNS, which have the potential to overcome many of the limitations of traditional model systems. The availability of human-derived induced pluripotent stem cell technology has further increased the translational potential of these systems. Yet, the adoption of state-of-the-art in vitro platforms within the CNS research community is limited. This may be attributable to the high costs or the immaturity of the systems. Nevertheless, the costs of fabrication have decreased, and there are tremendous ongoing efforts to improve the quality of cell differentiation. Herein, we aim to raise awareness of the capabilities and accessibility of advanced in vitro CNS technologies. We provide an overview of some of the main recent developments (since 2015) in in vitro CNS models. In particular, we focus on engineered in vitro models based on cell culture systems combined with microfluidic platforms (e.g. 'organ-on-a-chip' systems). We delve into the fundamental principles underlying these systems and review several applications of these platforms for the study of the CNS in health and disease. Our discussion further addresses the challenges that hinder the implementation of advanced in vitro platforms in personalized medicine or in large-scale industrial settings, and outlines the existing differentiation protocols and industrial cell sources. We conclude by providing practical guidelines for laboratories that are considering adopting organ-on-a-chip technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Nikolakopoulou
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rossana Rauti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dimitrios Voulgaris
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Iftach Shlomy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ben M Maoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anna Herland
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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11
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Lovett ML, Nieland TJ, Dingle YTL, Kaplan DL. Innovations in 3-Dimensional Tissue Models of Human Brain Physiology and Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909146. [PMID: 34211358 PMCID: PMC8240470 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
3-dimensional (3D) laboratory tissue cultures have emerged as an alternative to traditional 2-dimensional (2D) culture systems that do not recapitulate native cell behavior. The discrepancy between in vivo and in vitro tissue-cell-molecular responses impedes understanding of human physiology in general and creates roadblocks for the discovery of therapeutic solutions. Two parallel approaches have emerged for the design of 3D culture systems. The first is biomedical engineering methodology, including bioengineered materials, bioprinting, microfluidics and bioreactors, used alone or in combination, to mimic the microenvironments of native tissues. The second approach is organoid technology, in which stem cells are exposed to chemical and/or biological cues to activate differentiation programs that are reminiscent of human (prenatal) development. This review article describes recent technological advances in engineering 3D cultures that more closely resemble the human brain. The contributions of in vitro 3D tissue culture systems to new insights in neurophysiology, neurological diseases and regenerative medicine are highlighted. Perspectives on designing improved tissue models of the human brain are offered, focusing on an integrative approach merging biomedical engineering tools with organoid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Lovett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Thomas J.F. Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Yu-Ting L. Dingle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155
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12
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Dingle YTL, Liaudanskaya V, Finnegan LT, Berlind KC, Mizzoni C, Georgakoudi I, Nieland TJF, Kaplan DL. Functional Characterization of Three-Dimensional Cortical Cultures for In Vitro Modeling of Brain Networks. iScience 2020; 23:101434. [PMID: 32805649 PMCID: PMC7452433 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures recapitulate key features of the brain including morphology, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, gradients of factors, and mechanical properties. However, there remains a need for experimental and computational tools to investigate network functions in these 3D models. To address this need, we present an experimental system based on 3D scaffold-based cortical neuron cultures in which we expressed the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f to record neuronal activity at the millimeter-scale. Functional neural network descriptors were computed with graph-theory-based network analysis methods, showing the formation of functional networks at 3 weeks of culture. Changes to the functional network properties upon perturbations to glutamatergic neurotransmission or GABAergic neurotransmission were quantitatively characterized. The results illustrate the applicability of our 3D experimental system for the study of brain network development, function, and disruption in a biomimetic microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting L Dingle
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Volha Liaudanskaya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Liam T Finnegan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Kyler C Berlind
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Craig Mizzoni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Irene Georgakoudi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Thomas J F Nieland
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 200 College Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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13
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Quicke P, Howe CL, Song P, Jadan HV, Song C, Knöpfel T, Neil M, Dragotti PL, Schultz SR, Foust AJ. Subcellular resolution three-dimensional light-field imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:035006. [PMID: 32904628 PMCID: PMC7456658 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.3.035006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Light-field microscopy (LFM) enables high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and light efficient volume imaging at fast frame rates. Voltage imaging with genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) stands to particularly benefit from LFM's volumetric imaging capability due to high required sampling rates and limited probe brightness and functional sensitivity. Aim: We demonstrate subcellular resolution GEVI light-field imaging in acute mouse brain slices resolving dendritic voltage signals in three spatial dimensions. Approach: We imaged action potential-induced fluorescence transients in mouse brain slices sparsely expressing the GEVI VSFP-Butterfly 1.2 in wide-field microscopy (WFM) and LFM modes. We compared functional signal SNR and localization between different LFM reconstruction approaches and between LFM and WFM. Results: LFM enabled three-dimensional (3-D) localization of action potential-induced fluorescence transients in neuronal somata and dendrites. Nonregularized deconvolution decreased SNR with increased iteration number compared to synthetic refocusing but increased axial and lateral signal localization. SNR was unaffected for LFM compared to WFM. Conclusions: LFM enables 3-D localization of fluorescence transients, therefore eliminating the need for structures to lie in a single focal plane. These results demonstrate LFM's potential for studying dendritic integration and action potential propagation in three spatial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Quicke
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carmel L. Howe
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pingfan Song
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Herman V. Jadan
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chenchen Song
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Knöpfel
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Brain Sciences, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Neil
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Department of Physics, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pier L. Dragotti
- Imperial College London, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Schultz
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Simon R. Schultz, E-mail: ; Amanda J. Foust, E-mail:
| | - Amanda J. Foust
- Imperial College London, Department of Bioengineering, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College London, Centre for Neurotechnology, London, United Kingdom
- Address all correspondence to Simon R. Schultz, E-mail: ; Amanda J. Foust, E-mail:
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14
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Chen X, Zhu S, Wang H, Bao C, Yang D, Zhang C, Lin P, Cheng JX, Zhan Y, Liang J, Tian J. Accelerated Stimulated Raman Projection Tomography by Sparse Reconstruction From Sparse-View Data. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:1293-1302. [PMID: 31425010 PMCID: PMC7329365 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2019.2935301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Stimulated Raman projection tomography (SRPT), a recently developed label-free volumetric chemical imaging technology, has been reported to quantitatively reconstruct the distribution of chemicals in a three-dimensional (3D) complex system. The current image reconstruction scheme used in SRPT is based on a filtered back projection (FBP) algorithm that requires at least 180 angular-dependent projections to rebuild a reasonable SRPT image, resulting in a long total acquisition time. This is a big limitation for longitudinal studies on live systems. METHODS We present a sparse-view data-based sparse reconstruction scheme, in which sparsely sampled projections at 180 degrees were used to reconstruct the volumetric information. In the scheme, the simultaneous algebra reconstruction technique (SART), combined with total variation regularization, was used for iterative reconstruction. To better describe the projection process, a pixel vertex driven model (PVDM) was developed to act as projectors, whose performance was compared with those of the distance driven model (DDM). RESULTS We evaluated our scheme with numerical simulations and validated it for SRPT by mapping lipid contents in adipose cells. Simulation results showed that the PVDM performed better than the DDM in the case of using sparse-view data. Our scheme could maintain the quality of the reconstructed images even when the projection number was reduced to 15. The cell-based experimental results demonstrated that the proposed scheme can improve the imaging speed of the current FBP-based SRPT scheme by a factor of 9-12 without sacrificing discernible imaging details. CONCLUSION Our proposed scheme significantly reduces the total acquisition time required for SRPT at a speed of one order of magnitude faster than the currently used scheme. This significant improvement in imaging speed would potentially promote the applicability of SRPT for imaging living organisms.
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15
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Papagiakoumou E, Ronzitti E, Emiliani V. Scanless two-photon excitation with temporal focusing. Nat Methods 2020; 17:571-581. [PMID: 32284609 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-020-0795-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Temporal focusing, with its ability to focus light in time, enables scanless illumination of large surface areas at the sample with micrometer axial confinement and robust propagation through scattering tissue. In conventional two-photon microscopy, widely used for the investigation of intact tissue in live animals, images are formed by point scanning of a spatially focused pulsed laser beam, resulting in limited temporal resolution of the excitation. Replacing point scanning with temporally focused widefield illumination removes this limitation and represents an important milestone in two-photon microscopy. Temporal focusing uses a diffusive or dispersive optical element placed in a plane conjugate to the objective focal plane to generate position-dependent temporal pulse broadening that enables axially confined multiphoton absorption, without the need for tight spatial focusing. Many techniques have benefitted from temporal focusing, including scanless imaging, super-resolution imaging, photolithography, uncaging of caged neurotransmitters and control of neuronal activity via optogenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Emiliano Ronzitti
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Photonics Department, Institut de la Vision, Sorbonne University, Inserm S968, CNRS UMR7210, Fondation Voir et Entendre, Paris, France.
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16
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Zhang Y, Zhou T, Hu X, Li X, Xie H, Fang L, Kong L, Dai Q. Overcoming tissue scattering in wide-field two-photon imaging by extended detection and computational reconstruction. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:20117-20132. [PMID: 31510112 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.020117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared to point-scanning multiphoton microscopy, line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy (LTFM) is competitive in high imaging speed while maintaining tight axial confinement. However, considering its wide-field detection mode, LTFM suffers from shallow penetration depth as a result of the crosstalk induced by tissue scattering. In contrast to the spatial filtering based on confocal slit detection, here we propose the extended detection LTFM (ED-LTFM), the first wide-field two-photon imaging technique to extract signals from scattered photons and thus effectively extend the imaging depth. By recording a succession of line-shape excited signals in 2D and reconstructing signals under Hessian regularization, we can push the depth limitation of wide-field imaging in scattering tissues. We validate the concept with numerical simulations, and demonstrate the performance of enhanced imaging depth in in vivo imaging of mouse brains.
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17
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Rowlands CJ, Bruns OT, Franke D, Fukamura D, Jain RK, Bawendi MG, So PTC. Increasing the penetration depth of temporal focusing multiphoton microscopy for neurobiological applications. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D: APPLIED PHYSICS 2019; 52:264001. [PMID: 33191950 PMCID: PMC7655118 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/ab16b4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The first ever demonstration of temporal focusing with short wave infrared (SWIR) excitation and emission is demonstrated, achieving a penetration depth of 500 µm in brain tissue. This is substantially deeper than the highest previously-reported values for temporal focusing imaging in brain tissue, and demonstrates the value of these optimized wavelengths for neurobiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver T Bruns
- Helmholtz Pioneer Campus (HPC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Franke
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Dai Fukamura
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumour Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rakesh K Jain
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratory for Tumour Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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18
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Gottschalk S, Degtyaruk O, Mc Larney B, Rebling J, Deán-Ben XL, Shoham S, Razansky D. Isolated Murine Brain Model for Large-Scale Optoacoustic Calcium Imaging. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:290. [PMID: 31068768 PMCID: PMC6491858 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time visualization of large-scale neural dynamics in whole mammalian brains is hindered with existing neuroimaging methods having limited capacity when it comes to imaging large tissue volumes at high speeds. Optoacoustic imaging has been shown to be capable of real-time three-dimensional imaging of multiple cerebral hemodynamic parameters in rodents. However, optoacoustic imaging of calcium activity deep within the mammalian brain is hampered by strong blood absorption in the visible light spectrum as well as a lack of activity labels excitable in the near-infrared window. We have developed and validated an isolated whole mouse brain preparation labeled with genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP6f, which can closely resemble in vivo conditions. An optoacoustic imaging system coupled to a superfusion system was further designed and used for rapid volumetric monitoring of stimulus-evoked calcium dynamics in the brain. These new imaging setup and isolated preparation's protocols and characteristics are described here in detail. Our new technique captures calcium fluxes as true three-dimensional information across the entire brain with temporal resolution of 10 ms and spatial resolution of 150 μm, thus enabling large-scale neural recording at penetration depths and spatio-temporal resolution scales not covered with any existing neuroimaging techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Gottschalk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oleksiy Degtyaruk
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benedict Mc Larney
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Rebling
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Xosé Luis Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Shy Shoham
- Tech4Health and Neuroscience Institutes and Department of Ophthalmology, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Weisenburger S, Tejera F, Demas J, Chen B, Manley J, Sparks FT, Martínez Traub F, Daigle T, Zeng H, Losonczy A, Vaziri A. Volumetric Ca 2+ Imaging in the Mouse Brain Using Hybrid Multiplexed Sculpted Light Microscopy. Cell 2019; 177:1050-1066.e14. [PMID: 30982596 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium imaging using two-photon scanning microscopy has become an essential tool in neuroscience. However, in its typical implementation, the tradeoffs between fields of view, acquisition speeds, and depth restrictions in scattering brain tissue pose severe limitations. Here, using an integrated systems-wide optimization approach combined with multiple technical innovations, we introduce a new design paradigm for optical microscopy based on maximizing biological information while maintaining the fidelity of obtained neuron signals. Our modular design utilizes hybrid multi-photon acquisition and allows volumetric recording of neuroactivity at single-cell resolution within up to 1 × 1 × 1.22 mm volumes at up to 17 Hz in awake behaving mice. We establish the capabilities and potential of the different configurations of our imaging system at depth and across brain regions by applying it to in vivo recording of up to 12,000 neurons in mouse auditory cortex, posterior parietal cortex, and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Weisenburger
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Tejera
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey Demas
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon Chen
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jason Manley
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fraser T Sparks
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Tanya Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA; Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria; The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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20
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Xue Y, Berry KP, Boivin JR, Rowlands CJ, Takiguchi Y, Nedivi E, So PTC. Scanless volumetric imaging by selective access multifocal multiphoton microscopy. OPTICA 2019; 6:76-83. [PMID: 31984218 PMCID: PMC6980307 DOI: 10.1364/optica.6.000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous, high-resolution imaging across a large number of synaptic and dendritic sites is critical for understanding how neurons receive and integrate signals. Yet, functional imaging that targets a large number of submicrometer-sized synaptic and dendritic locations poses significant technical challenges. We demonstrate a new parallelized approach to address such questions, increasing the signal-to-noise ratio by an order of magnitude compared to previous approaches. This selective access multifocal multiphoton microscopy uses a spatial light modulator to generate multifocal excitation in three dimensions (3D) and a Gaussian-Laguerre phase plate to simultaneously detect fluorescence from these spots throughout the volume. We test the performance of this system by simultaneously recording Ca2+ dynamics from cultured neurons at 98-118 locations distributed throughout a 3D volume. This is the first demonstration of 3D imaging in a "single shot" and permits synchronized monitoring of signal propagation across multiple different dendrites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Kalen P. Berry
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Josiah R. Boivin
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Christopher J. Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Yu Takiguchi
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Elly Nedivi
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Peter T. C. So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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21
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Lou K, Wang B, Jee AY, Granick S, Amblard F. Deep line-temporal focusing with high axial resolution and a large field-of-view using intracavity control and incoherent pulse shaping. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:4919-4922. [PMID: 30320783 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.004919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Line-temporal focusing has been recognized as an elegant strategy that provides two-photon microscopy with an effective means for fast imaging through parallelization, together with an improved resilience to scattering for deep imaging. However, the axial resolution remains sub-optimal, except when using high NA objectives and a small field-of-view. With the introduction of an intracavity control of the spectral width of the femtosecond laser to adaptively fill the back aperture of the objective lens, line-temporal focusing two-photon microscopy is demonstrated to reach near-diffraction-limited axial resolution with a large back-aperture objective lens, and improved immunity to sample scattering. In addition, a new incoherent flattop beam shaping method is proposed which provides a uniform contrast with little degradation of the axial resolution along the focus line, even deep in the sample. This is demonstrated in large volumetric imaging of mouse lung samples.
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22
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Shor E, Merdler U, Brosh I, Shoham S, Levenberg S. Induced neuro-vascular interactions robustly enhance functional attributes of engineered neural implants. Biomaterials 2018; 180:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Zhang Y, Kong L, Xie H, Han X, Dai Q. Enhancing axial resolution and background rejection in line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy by focal modulation. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:21518-21526. [PMID: 30130858 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.021518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Compared with two-photon point-scanning microscopy, line-scanning temporal focusing microscopy breaks the limitation on imaging rate and maintains the axial resolution, which makes it promising for various biomedical studies. However, for deep tissue imaging, it suffers from reduced axial resolution and increased background noise due to sample induced wavefront distortion. Here, we propose a spatio-spectral focal modulation technique to enhance axial resolution and background rejection by simply subtracting an aberrated image, which is induced by a spatial light modulator, from an unaberrated image. The proposed technique could improve the axial resolution by a factor of 1.3 in our implementation, verified by both simulations and experiments. Besides, we show that compared with spatial modulation alone, spatio-spectral modulation induces less peak intensity loss caused by image subtraction. We further demonstrate the performance of our technique on the enhanced axial resolution and background rejection by deep imaging of cleared mouse brains and in vivo imaging of living mouse brains.
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24
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Hillman EM, Voleti V, Patel K, Li W, Yu H, Perez-Campos C, Benezra SE, Bruno RM, Galwaduge PT. High-speed 3D imaging of cellular activity in the brain using axially-extended beams and light sheets. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 50:190-200. [PMID: 29642044 PMCID: PMC6002850 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
As optical reporters and modulators of cellular activity have become increasingly sophisticated, the amount that can be learned about the brain via high-speed cellular imaging has increased dramatically. However, despite fervent innovation, point-scanning microscopy is facing a fundamental limit in achievable 3D imaging speeds and fields of view. A range of alternative approaches are emerging, some of which are moving away from point-scanning to use axially-extended beams or sheets of light, for example swept confocally aligned planar excitation (SCAPE) microscopy. These methods are proving effective for high-speed volumetric imaging of the nervous system of small organisms such as Drosophila (fruit fly) and D. Rerio (Zebrafish), and are showing promise for imaging activity in the living mammalian brain using both single and two-photon excitation. This article describes these approaches and presents a simple model that demonstrates key advantages of axially-extended illumination over point-scanning strategies for high-speed volumetric imaging, including longer integration times per voxel, improved photon efficiency and reduced photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Mc Hillman
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Venkatakaushik Voleti
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kripa Patel
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wenze Li
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hang Yu
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Citlali Perez-Campos
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sam E Benezra
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Bruno Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randy M Bruno
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Bruno Lab, Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pubudu T Galwaduge
- Laboratory for Functional Optical Imaging, Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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26
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Sun B, Salter PS, Roider C, Jesacher A, Strauss J, Heberle J, Schmidt M, Booth MJ. Four-dimensional light shaping: manipulating ultrafast spatiotemporal foci in space and time. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:17117. [PMID: 30839626 PMCID: PMC6107044 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The spectral dispersion of ultrashort pulses allows the simultaneous focusing of light in both space and time, which creates so-called spatiotemporal foci. Such space-time coupling may be combined with the existing holographic techniques to give a further dimension of control when generating focal light fields. In the present study, it is shown that a phase-only hologram placed in the pupil plane of an objective and illuminated by a spatially chirped ultrashort pulse can be used to generate three-dimensional arrays of spatio-temporally focused spots. By exploiting the pulse front tilt generated at focus when applying simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF), it is possible to overlap neighboring foci in time to create a smooth intensity distribution. The resulting light field displays a high level of axial confinement, with experimental demonstrations given through two-photon microscopy and the non-linear laser fabrication of glass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangshan Sun
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Patrick S Salter
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
| | - Clemens Roider
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Mullerstrasse 44, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Alexander Jesacher
- Division of Biomedical Physics, Innsbruck Medical University, Mullerstrasse 44, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Johannes Strauss
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Johannes Heberle
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Michael Schmidt
- Institute of Photonic Technologies, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Konrad-Zuse-Strasse 3/5, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
| | - Martin J Booth
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, UK
- Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6, Erlangen 91052, Germany
- Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3SR, UK
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27
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Li Z, Hou J, Suo J, Qiao C, Kong L, Dai Q. Contrast and resolution enhanced optical sectioning in scattering tissue using line-scanning two-photon structured illumination microscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:32010-32020. [PMID: 29245869 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.032010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Optical sectioning imaging with high spatial resolution deep inside scattering samples such as mammalian brain is of great interest in biological study. Conventional two-photon microscopy deteriorates in focus when light scattering increases. Here we develop an optical sectioning enhanced two-photon technique which incorporates structured illumination into line-scanning spatial-temporal focusing microscopy (LTSIM), and generate patterned illumination via laser intensity modulation synchronized with scanning. LTSIM brings scattering background elimination and in-focus contrast enhancement, and realizes nearly 2-fold increase in spatial resolution to ∼208 nm laterally and ∼0.94 µm axially. In addition, the intensity modulated line-scanning implementation of LTSIM enables fast and flexible generation of structured illumination, permitting adjustable spatial frequency profiles to optimize image contrast. The highly qualified optical sectioning ability of our system is demonstrated on samples including tissue phantom, C. elegans and mouse brain at depths over hundreds of microns.
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28
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Palazzolo G, Moroni M, Soloperto A, Aletti G, Naldi G, Vassalli M, Nieus T, Difato F. Fast wide-volume functional imaging of engineered in vitro brain tissues. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8499. [PMID: 28819205 PMCID: PMC5561227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08979-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The need for in vitro models that mimic the human brain to replace animal testing and allow high-throughput screening has driven scientists to develop new tools that reproduce tissue-like features on a chip. Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro cultures are emerging as an unmatched platform that preserves the complexity of cell-to-cell connections within a tissue, improves cell survival, and boosts neuronal differentiation. In this context, new and flexible imaging approaches are required to monitor the functional states of 3D networks. Herein, we propose an experimental model based on 3D neuronal networks in an alginate hydrogel, a tunable wide-volume imaging approach, and an efficient denoising algorithm to resolve, down to single cell resolution, the 3D activity of hundreds of neurons expressing the calcium sensor GCaMP6s. Furthermore, we implemented a 3D co-culture system mimicking the contiguous interfaces of distinct brain tissues such as the cortical-hippocampal interface. The analysis of the network activity of single and layered neuronal co-cultures revealed cell-type-specific activities and an organization of neuronal subpopulations that changed in the two culture configurations. Overall, our experimental platform represents a simple, powerful and cost-effective platform for developing and monitoring living 3D layered brain tissue on chip structures with high resolution and high throughput.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Palazzolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Moroni
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.,Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems @UniTn, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy.,Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - A Soloperto
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy
| | - G Aletti
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - G Naldi
- Dipartimento di Matematica, Università degli studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - M Vassalli
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council of Italy, Genoa, Italy
| | - T Nieus
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy.
| | - F Difato
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, Italy.
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29
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Chen X, Zhang C, Lin P, Huang KC, Liang J, Tian J, Cheng JX. Volumetric chemical imaging by stimulated Raman projection microscopy and tomography. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15117. [PMID: 28436473 PMCID: PMC5413981 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric imaging allows global understanding of three-dimensional (3D) complex systems. Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and optical projection tomography have been reported to image 3D volumes with high resolutions and at high speeds. Such methods, however, usually rely on fluorescent labels for chemical targeting, which could perturb the biological functionality in living systems. We demonstrate Bessel-beam-based stimulated Raman projection (SRP) microscopy and tomography for label-free volumetric chemical imaging. Our SRP microscope enables fast quantitation of chemicals in a 3D volume through a two-dimensional lateral scan. Furthermore, combining SRP and sample rotation, we demonstrate the SRP tomography that can reconstruct the 3D distribution of chemical compositions with optical spatial resolution at a higher speed than the Gaussian-beam-based stimulated Raman scattering sectioning imaging can. We explore the potential of our SRP technology by mapping polymer particles in 3D volumes and lipid droplets in adipose cells. Recent advances have enabled high-speed three-dimensional optical imaging through the use of fluorescent markers. Here, Chen et al. integrate stimulated Raman imaging into those methods, enabling the label-free and chemically specific volumetric imaging of complex samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education &School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China.,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Peng Lin
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Kai-Chih Huang
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Jimin Liang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education &School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging of Ministry of Education &School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China.,Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ji-Xin Cheng
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
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30
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Yang W, Yuste R. In vivo imaging of neural activity. Nat Methods 2017; 14:349-359. [PMID: 28362436 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since the introduction of calcium imaging to monitor neuronal activity with single-cell resolution, optical imaging methods have revolutionized neuroscience by enabling systematic recordings of neuronal circuits in living animals. The plethora of methods for functional neural imaging can be daunting to the nonexpert to navigate. Here we review advanced microscopy techniques for in vivo functional imaging and offer guidelines for which technologies are best suited for particular applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijian Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Neurotechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rafael Yuste
- Department of Biological Sciences, Neurotechnology Center, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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31
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Marom A, Shor E, Levenberg S, Shoham S. Spontaneous Activity Characteristics of 3D "Optonets". Front Neurosci 2017; 10:602. [PMID: 28119555 PMCID: PMC5220075 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sporadic spontaneous network activity emerges during early central nervous system (CNS) development and, as the number of neuronal connections rises, the maturing network displays diverse and complex activity, including various types of synchronized patterns. These activity patterns have major implications on both basic research and the study of neurological disorders, and their interplay with network morphology tightly correlates with developmental events such as neuronal differentiation, migration and establishment of neurotransmitter phenotypes. Although 2D neural cultures models have provided important insights into network activity patterns, these cultures fail to mimic the complex 3D architecture of natural CNS neural networks and its consequences on connectivity and activity. A 3D in-vitro model mimicking early network development while enabling cellular-resolution observations, could thus significantly advance our understanding of the activity characteristics in the developing CNS. Here, we longitudinally studied the spontaneous activity patterns of developing 3D in-vitro neural network “optonets,” an optically-accessible bioengineered CNS model with multiple cortex-like characteristics. Optonet activity was observed using the genetically encodable calcium indicator GCaMP6m and a 3D imaging solution based on a standard epi-fluorescence microscope equipped with a piezo-electric z-stage and image processing-based deconvolution. Our results show that activity patterns become more complex as the network matures, gradually exhibiting longer-duration events. This report characterizes the patterns over time, and discusses how environmental changes affect the activity patterns. The relatively high degree of similarity between the network's spontaneously generated activity patterns and the reported characteristics of in-vivo activity, suggests that this is a compelling model system for brain-in-a chip research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Marom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
| | - Erez Shor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
| | - Shulamit Levenberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology Haifa, Israel
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32
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Bovetti S, Moretti C, Zucca S, Dal Maschio M, Bonifazi P, Fellin T. Simultaneous high-speed imaging and optogenetic inhibition in the intact mouse brain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40041. [PMID: 28053310 PMCID: PMC5215385 DOI: 10.1038/srep40041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetically encoded calcium indicators and optogenetic actuators can report and manipulate the activity of specific neuronal populations. However, applying imaging and optogenetics simultaneously has been difficult to establish in the mammalian brain, even though combining the techniques would provide a powerful approach to reveal the functional organization of neural circuits. Here, we developed a technique based on patterned two-photon illumination to allow fast scanless imaging of GCaMP6 signals in the intact mouse brain at the same time as single-photon optogenetic inhibition with Archaerhodopsin. Using combined imaging and electrophysiological recording, we demonstrate that single and short bursts of action potentials in pyramidal neurons can be detected in the scanless modality at acquisition frequencies up to 1 kHz. Moreover, we demonstrate that our system strongly reduces the artifacts in the fluorescence detection that are induced by single-photon optogenetic illumination. Finally, we validated our technique investigating the role of parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons in the control of spontaneous cortical dynamics. Monitoring the activity of cellular populations on a precise spatiotemporal scale while manipulating neuronal activity with optogenetics provides a powerful tool to causally elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying circuit function in the intact mammalian brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Bovetti
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Moretti
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefano Zucca
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Dal Maschio
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Bonifazi
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Italy-Israel Joint Neuroscience Laboratory, Tel Aviv University, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,Computational Neuroimaging Lab, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Plaza de Cruces, s/n E-48903, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Tommaso Fellin
- Optical Approaches to Brain Function Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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33
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Deán-Ben XL, Sela G, Lauri A, Kneipp M, Ntziachristos V, Westmeyer GG, Shoham S, Razansky D. Functional optoacoustic neuro-tomography for scalable whole-brain monitoring of calcium indicators. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16201. [PMID: 30167137 PMCID: PMC6059886 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive observation of spatiotemporal activity of large neural populations distributed over entire brains is a longstanding goal of neuroscience. We developed a volumetric multispectral optoacoustic tomography platform for imaging neural activation deep in scattering brains. It can record 100 volumetric frames per second across scalable fields of view ranging between 50 and 1000 mm3 with respective spatial resolution of 35-200 μm. Experiments performed in immobilized and freely swimming larvae and in adult zebrafish brains expressing the genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5G demonstrate, for the first time, the fundamental ability to directly track neural dynamics using optoacoustics while overcoming the longstanding penetration barrier of optical imaging in scattering brains. The newly developed platform thus offers unprecedented capabilities for functional whole-brain observations of fast calcium dynamics; in combination with optoacoustics' well-established capacity for resolving vascular hemodynamics, it could open new vistas in the study of neural activity and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Luís Deán-Ben
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Gali Sela
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Antonella Lauri
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Kneipp
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vasilis Ntziachristos
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Gil G Westmeyer
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging (IBMI), Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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34
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Prevedel R, Verhoef AJ, Pernía-Andrade AJ, Weisenburger S, Huang BS, Nöbauer T, Fernández A, Delcour JE, Golshani P, Baltuska A, Vaziri A. Fast volumetric calcium imaging across multiple cortical layers using sculpted light. Nat Methods 2016; 13:1021-1028. [PMID: 27798612 DOI: 10.1038/nmeth.4040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although whole-organism calcium imaging in small and semi-transparent animals has been demonstrated, capturing the functional dynamics of large-scale neuronal circuits in awake behaving mammals at high speed and resolution has remained one of the main frontiers in systems neuroscience. Here we present a method based on light sculpting that enables unbiased single- and dual-plane high-speed (up to 160 Hz) calcium imaging as well as in vivo volumetric calcium imaging of a mouse cortical column (0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm) at single-cell resolution and fast volume rates (3-6 Hz). We achieved this by tailoring the point-spread function of our microscope to the structures of interest while maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio using a home-built fiber laser amplifier with pulses that are synchronized to the imaging voxel speed. This enabled in vivo recording of calcium dynamics of several thousand neurons across cortical layers and in the hippocampus of awake behaving mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Prevedel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria.,Max F. Perutz Laboratories Support GmbH, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform Quantum Phenomena &Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aart J Verhoef
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Siegfried Weisenburger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria.,The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ben S Huang
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Tobias Nöbauer
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria.,The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alma Fernández
- Photonics Institute, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Peyman Golshani
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.,West Los Angeles Virginia Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna, Austria.,Max F. Perutz Laboratories Support GmbH, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Research Platform Quantum Phenomena &Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
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35
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Neural Circuits on a Chip. MICROMACHINES 2016; 7:mi7090157. [PMID: 30404330 PMCID: PMC6190100 DOI: 10.3390/mi7090157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits are responsible for the brain's ability to process and store information. Reductionist approaches to understanding the brain include isolation of individual neurons for detailed characterization. When maintained in vitro for several days or weeks, dissociated neurons self-assemble into randomly connected networks that produce synchronized activity and are capable of learning. This review focuses on efforts to control neuronal connectivity in vitro and construct living neural circuits of increasing complexity and precision. Microfabrication-based methods have been developed to guide network self-assembly, accomplishing control over in vitro circuit size and connectivity. The ability to control neural connectivity and synchronized activity led to the implementation of logic functions using living neurons. Techniques to construct and control three-dimensional circuits have also been established. Advances in multiple electrode arrays as well as genetically encoded, optical activity sensors and transducers enabled highly specific interfaces to circuits composed of thousands of neurons. Further advances in on-chip neural circuits may lead to better understanding of the brain.
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36
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Hernandez O, Papagiakoumou E, Tanese D, Fidelin K, Wyart C, Emiliani V. Three-dimensional spatiotemporal focusing of holographic patterns. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11928. [PMID: 27306044 PMCID: PMC4912686 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-photon excitation with temporally focused pulses can be combined with phase-modulation approaches, such as computer-generated holography and generalized phase contrast, to efficiently distribute light into two-dimensional, axially confined, user-defined shapes. Adding lens-phase modulations to 2D-phase holograms enables remote axial pattern displacement as well as simultaneous pattern generation in multiple distinct planes. However, the axial confinement linearly degrades with lateral shape area in previous reports where axially shifted holographic shapes were not temporally focused. Here we report an optical system using two spatial light modulators to independently control transverse- and axial-target light distribution. This approach enables simultaneous axial translation of single or multiple spatiotemporally focused patterns across the sample volume while achieving the axial confinement of temporal focusing. We use the system's capability to photoconvert tens of Kaede-expressing neurons with single-cell resolution in live zebrafish larvae. Three-dimensional computer-generated holography cannot be implemented with temporal focusing. Here, Hernandez et al. use two spatial light modulators to control transverse- and axial-target light distribution, generating spatiotemporally focused patterns with uniform light distribution throughout the entire volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hernandez
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, Paris Descartes University, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Eirini Papagiakoumou
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, Paris Descartes University, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France.,Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm), France
| | - Dimitrii Tanese
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, Paris Descartes University, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Kevin Fidelin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UPMC, Inserm UMR S975, CNRS UMR 7225, Campus Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 building de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, UPMC, Inserm UMR S975, CNRS UMR 7225, Campus Hospitalier Pitié Salpêtrière, 47 building de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Wavefront-Engineering Microscopy Group, Neurophotonics Laboratory, CNRS UMR 8250, Paris Descartes University, UFR Biomédicale, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
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37
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Wu J, Xiong B, Lin X, He J, Suo J, Dai Q. Snapshot Hyperspectral Volumetric Microscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24624. [PMID: 27103155 PMCID: PMC4840377 DOI: 10.1038/srep24624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive analysis of biological specimens brings about the demand for capturing the spatial, temporal and spectral dimensions of visual information together. However, such high-dimensional video acquisition faces major challenges in developing large data throughput and effective multiplexing techniques. Here, we report the snapshot hyperspectral volumetric microscopy that computationally reconstructs hyperspectral profiles for high-resolution volumes of ~1000 μm × 1000 μm × 500 μm at video rate by a novel four-dimensional (4D) deconvolution algorithm. We validated the proposed approach with both numerical simulations for quantitative evaluation and various real experimental results on the prototype system. Different applications such as biological component analysis in bright field and spectral unmixing of multiple fluorescence are demonstrated. The experiments on moving fluorescent beads and GFP labelled drosophila larvae indicate the great potential of our method for observing multiple fluorescent markers in dynamic specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Wu
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xing Lin
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jijun He
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jinli Suo
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Qionghai Dai
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology (TNList), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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38
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Kong L, Tang J, Cui M. In vivo volumetric imaging of biological dynamics in deep tissue via wavefront engineering. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:1214-1221. [PMID: 26832504 PMCID: PMC4741314 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.001214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biological systems undergo dynamical changes continuously which span multiple spatial and temporal scales. To study these complex biological dynamics in vivo, high-speed volumetric imaging that can work at large imaging depth is highly desired. However, deep tissue imaging suffers from wavefront distortion, resulting in reduced Strehl ratio and image quality. Here we combine the two wavefront engineering methods developed in our lab, namely the optical phase-locked ultrasound lens based volumetric imaging and the iterative multiphoton adaptive compensation technique, and demonstrate in vivo volumetric imaging of microglial and mitochondrial dynamics at large depth in mouse brain cortex and lymph node, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjie Kong
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jianyong Tang
- Laboratory of Systems Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meng Cui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Integrated imaging cluster, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Bindley bioscience center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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39
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Farah N, Levinsky A, Brosh I, Kahn I, Shoham S. Holographic fiber bundle system for patterned optogenetic activation of large-scale neuronal networks. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:045002. [PMID: 26793741 PMCID: PMC4717229 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.4.045002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetic perturbation has become a fundamental tool in controlling activity in neurons. Used to control activity in cell cultures, slice preparations, anesthetized and awake behaving animals, optical control of cell-type specific activity enables the interrogation of complex systems. A remaining challenge in developing optical control tools is the ability to produce defined light patterns such that power-efficient, precise control of neuronal populations is obtained. Here, we describe a system for patterned stimulation that enables the generation of structured activity in neurons by transmitting optical patterns from computer-generated holograms through an optical fiber bundle. The system couples the optical system to versatile fiber bundle configurations, including coherent or incoherent bundles composed of hundreds of up to several meters long fibers. We describe the components of the system, a method for calibration, and a detailed power efficiency and spatial specificity quantification. Next, we use the system to precisely control single-cell activity as measured by extracellular electrophysiological recordings in ChR2-expressing cortical cell cultures. The described system complements recent descriptions of optical control systems, presenting a system suitable for high-resolution spatiotemporal optical control of wide-area neural networks in vitro and in vivo, yielding a tool for precise neural system interrogation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nairouz Farah
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Bar Ilan University, Optometry Department, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Alexandra Levinsky
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Technion Autonomous Systems Program, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Inbar Brosh
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Itamar Kahn
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Institute, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shy Shoham
- Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Address all correspondence to: Shy Shoham, E-mail:
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40
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Marom A, Mahto SK, Shor E, Tenenbaum-Katan J, Sznitman J, Shoham S. Microfluidic Chip for Site-Specific Neuropharmacological Treatment and Activity Probing of 3D Neuronal "Optonet" Cultures. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1478-83, 1422. [PMID: 25953011 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study introduces a "brain-on-a-chip" microfluidic platform that hosts brain-like 3D cultures ("optonets") whose activity and responses to flowing drugs are recorded optically. Optonets are viable, optically accessible 3D neural networks whose characteristics approximate cortical networks. The results demonstrate the ability to monitor complex 3D activity patterns during extended site-specific, reversible neuropharmacogical exposure, suggesting an interesting potential in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Marom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Erez Shor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
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41
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Paluch-Siegler S, Mayblum T, Dana H, Brosh I, Gefen I, Shoham S. All-optical bidirectional neural interfacing using hybrid multiphoton holographic optogenetic stimulation. NEUROPHOTONICS 2015; 2:031208. [PMID: 26217673 PMCID: PMC4512959 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.2.3.031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of neural information processing could potentially be advanced by combining flexible three-dimensional (3-D) neuroimaging and stimulation. Recent developments in optogenetics suggest that neurophotonic approaches are in principle highly suited for noncontact stimulation of network activity patterns. In particular, two-photon holographic optical neural stimulation (2P-HONS) has emerged as a leading approach for multisite 3-D excitation, and combining it with temporal focusing (TF) further enables axially confined yet spatially extended light patterns. Here, we study key steps toward bidirectional cell-targeted 3-D interfacing by introducing and testing a hybrid new 2P-TF-HONS stimulation path for accurate parallel optogenetic excitation into a recently developed hybrid multiphoton 3-D imaging system. The system is shown to allow targeted all-optical probing of in vitro cortical networks expressing channelrhodopsin-2 using a regeneratively amplified femtosecond laser source tuned to 905 nm. These developments further advance a prospective new tool for studying and achieving distributed control over 3-D neuronal circuits both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Paluch-Siegler
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
| | - Tom Mayblum
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
| | - Hod Dana
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147, United States
| | - Inbar Brosh
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
| | - Inna Gefen
- Ruppin Academic Center, School of Engineering, Medical Engineering, Emeq Hefer 4025000, Israel
- Address all correspondence to: Inna Gefen, E-mail: ; Shy Shoham, E-mail:
| | - Shy Shoham
- Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Technion City, Haifa 3200000, Israel
- Address all correspondence to: Inna Gefen, E-mail: ; Shy Shoham, E-mail:
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42
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Hopkins AM, DeSimone E, Chwalek K, Kaplan DL. 3D in vitro modeling of the central nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2015; 125:1-25. [PMID: 25461688 PMCID: PMC4324093 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There are currently more than 600 diseases characterized as affecting the central nervous system (CNS) which inflict neural damage. Unfortunately, few of these conditions have effective treatments available. Although significant efforts have been put into developing new therapeutics, drugs which were promising in the developmental phase have high attrition rates in late stage clinical trials. These failures could be circumvented if current 2D in vitro and in vivo models were improved. 3D, tissue-engineered in vitro systems can address this need and enhance clinical translation through two approaches: (1) bottom-up, and (2) top-down (developmental/regenerative) strategies to reproduce the structure and function of human tissues. Critical challenges remain including biomaterials capable of matching the mechanical properties and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of neural tissues, compartmentalized scaffolds that support heterogeneous tissue architectures reflective of brain organization and structure, and robust functional assays for in vitro tissue validation. The unique design parameters defined by the complex physiology of the CNS for construction and validation of 3D in vitro neural systems are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Hopkins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Elise DeSimone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Karolina Chwalek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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Rupprecht P, Prevedel R, Groessl F, Haubensak WE, Vaziri A. Optimizing and extending light-sculpting microscopy for fast functional imaging in neuroscience. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:353-68. [PMID: 25780729 PMCID: PMC4354592 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.000353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A number of questions in system biology such as understanding how dynamics of neuronal networks are related to brain function require the ability to capture the functional dynamics of large cellular populations at high speed. Recently, this has driven the development of a number of parallel and high speed imaging techniques such as light-sculpting microscopy, which has been used to capture neuronal dynamics at the whole brain and single cell level in small model organisms. However, the broader applicability of light-sculpting microcopy is limited by the size of volumes for which high speed imaging can be obtained and scattering in brain tissue. Here, we present strategies for optimizing the present tradeoffs in light-sculpting microscopy. Various scanning modalities in light-sculpting microscopy are theoretically and experimentally evaluated, and strategies to maximize the obtainable volume speeds, and depth penetration in brain tissue using different laser systems are provided. Design-choices, important parameters and their trade-offs are experimentally demonstrated by performing calcium-imaging in acute mouse-brain slices. We further show that synchronization of line-scanning techniques with rolling-shutter read-out of the camera can reduce scattering effects and enhance image contrast at depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rupprecht
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Current address: Friedrich Miescher Institute, Basel,
Switzerland
| | - Robert Prevedel
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
| | | | | | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna,
Austria
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
- Research Platform Quantum Phenomena & Nanoscale Biological Systems (QuNaBioS), University of Vienna, Vienna,
Austria
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