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Skevaki C, Nadeau KC, Rothenberg ME, Alahmad B, Mmbaga BT, Masenga GG, Sampath V, Christiani DC, Haahtela T, Renz H. Impact of climate change on immune responses and barrier defense. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1194-1205. [PMID: 38309598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is not just jeopardizing the health of our planet but is also increasingly affecting our immune health. There is an expanding body of evidence that climate-related exposures such as air pollution, heat, wildfires, extreme weather events, and biodiversity loss significantly disrupt the functioning of the human immune system. These exposures manifest in a broad range of stimuli, including antigens, allergens, heat stress, pollutants, microbiota changes, and other toxic substances. Such exposures pose a direct and indirect threat to our body's primary line of defense, the epithelial barrier, affecting its physical integrity and functional efficacy. Furthermore, these climate-related environmental stressors can hyperstimulate the innate immune system and influence adaptive immunity-notably, in terms of developing and preserving immune tolerance. The loss or failure of immune tolerance can instigate a wide spectrum of noncommunicable diseases such as autoimmune conditions, allergy, respiratory illnesses, metabolic diseases, obesity, and others. As new evidence unfolds, there is a need for additional research in climate change and immunology that covers diverse environments in different global settings and uses modern biologic and epidemiologic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysanthi Skevaki
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Blandina T Mmbaga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Kilimanjaro Clinical Research Institute, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Gileard G Masenga
- Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Vanitha Sampath
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass
| | - David C Christiani
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Mass; Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Tari Haahtela
- Skin and Allergy Hospital, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Harald Renz
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, member of the German Center for Lung Research and the Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania; Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Laboratory of Immunopathology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
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2
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Li Q, Byun J, Choi J, Park J, Lee J, Oh YK. Nanomodulator-Mediated Restructuring of Adipose Tissue Immune Microenvironments for Antiobesity Treatment. ACS NANO 2024; 18:9311-9330. [PMID: 38498418 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In obesity, the interactions between proinflammatory macrophages and adipocytes in white adipose tissues are known to play a crucial role in disease progression by providing inflammatory microenvironments. Here, we report that the functional nanoparticle-mediated modulation of crosstalk between adipocytes and macrophages can remodel adipocyte immune microenvironments. As a functional nanomodulator, we designed antivascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 antibody-conjugated and amlexanox-loaded polydopamine nanoparticles (VAPN). Amlexanox was used as a model drug to increase energy expenditure. Compared to nanoparticles lacking antibody modification or amlexanox, VAPN showed significantly greater binding to VCAM-1-expressing adipocytes and lowered the interaction of adipocytes with macrophages. In high fat diet-fed mice, repeated subcutaneous administration of VAPN increased the populations of beige adipocytes and ameliorated inflammation in white adipose tissues. Moreover, the localized application of VAPN in vivo exerted a systemic metabolic effect and reduced metabolic disorders, including insulin tolerance and liver steatosis. These findings suggested that VAPN had potential to modulate the immune microenvironments of adipose tissues for the immunologic treatment of obesity. Although we used amlexanox as a model drug and anti-VCAM-1 antibody in VAPN, the concept of immune nanomodulators can be widely applied to the immunological treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Fuster-Martínez I, Català-Senent JF, Hidalgo MR, Roig FJ, Esplugues JV, Apostolova N, García-García F, Blas-García A. Integrated transcriptomic landscape of the effect of anti-steatotic treatments in high-fat diet mouse models of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Pathol 2024; 262:377-389. [PMID: 38180387 DOI: 10.1002/path.6242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) mouse models are widely used in research to develop medications to treat non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as they mimic the steatosis, inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis typically found in this complex human disease. The aims of this study were to identify a complete transcriptomic signature of these mouse models and to characterize the transcriptional impact exerted by different experimental anti-steatotic treatments. For this reason, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of liver transcriptomic studies performed in HFD-fed C57BL/6J mice, comparing them with control mice and HFD-fed mice receiving potential anti-steatotic treatments. Analyzing 21 studies broaching 24 different treatments, we obtained a robust HFD transcriptomic signature that included 2,670 differentially expressed genes and 2,567 modified gene ontology biological processes. Treated HFD mice generally showed a reversion of this HFD signature, although the extent varied depending on the treatment. The biological processes most frequently reversed were those related to lipid metabolism, response to stress, and immune system, whereas processes related to nitrogen compound metabolism were generally not reversed. When comparing this HFD signature with a signature of human NAFLD progression, we identified 62 genes that were common to both; 10 belonged to the group that were reversed by treatments. Altered expression of most of these 10 genes was confirmed in vitro in hepatocytes and hepatic stellate cells exposed to a lipotoxic or a profibrogenic stimulus, respectively. In conclusion, this study provides a vast amount of information about transcriptomic changes induced during the progression and regression of NAFLD and identifies some relevant targets. Our results may help in the assessment of treatment efficacy, the discovery of unmet therapeutic targets, and the search for novel biomarkers. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Fuster-Martínez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia, Spain
| | - José F Català-Senent
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Roig
- Computational Biomedicine Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan V Esplugues
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nadezda Apostolova
- Departamento de Farmacología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana Blas-García
- FISABIO (Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana), Valencia, Spain
- CIBEREHD (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas), Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Zhu L, Guo G, Jin Y, Hu A, Liu Y. IKBKE regulates angiogenesis by modulating VEGF expression and secretion in glioblastoma. Tissue Cell 2023; 84:102180. [PMID: 37573607 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE As a noncanonical inflammatory kinase, IKBKE is frequently overexpressed and activated and has been identified as an oncogenic protein in glioblastoma. However, the potential function and underlying mechanism of IKBKE contributing to tumor angiogenesis remain elusive. METHODS First, we analyzed the correlation between IKBKE and VEGF expression in glioma samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Second, HUVEC-related assays and Western blot were used to detect the regulatory effect of IKBKE on angiogenesis by modulating VEGF expression. Third, IKBKE depletion could alleviate the influence of VEGF expression on IHC of intracranial glioma model. RESULTS We demonstrate that depletion of IKBKE markedly inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis in glioblastoma. Mechanistically, IKBKE induces VEGF expression and secretion by regulating AKT/FOXO3a in glioblastoma. CONCLUSIONS This study reveals that IKBKE is a novel oncogenic molecule that induces angiogenesis through the promotion of VEGF expression and highlights the potential of targeting IKBKE for glioblastoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Gaochao Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Yuwei Jin
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Aixia Hu
- Department of Pathology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China.
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5
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Luan D, Dadpey B, Zaid J, Bridge-Comer PE, DeLuca JH, Xia W, Castle J, Reilly SM. Adipocyte-Secreted IL-6 Sensitizes Macrophages to IL-4 Signaling. Diabetes 2023; 72:367-374. [PMID: 36449000 PMCID: PMC9935493 DOI: 10.2337/db22-0444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Complex bidirectional cross talk between adipocytes and adipose tissue immune cells plays an important role in regulating adipose function, inflammation, and insulin responsiveness. Adipocytes secrete the pleiotropic cytokine IL-6 in response to both inflammatory and catabolic stimuli. Previous studies have suggested that IL-6 secretion from adipocytes in obesity may promote adipose tissue inflammation. Here, we investigated catabolic stimulation of adipocyte IL-6 secretion and its impact on adipose tissue immune cells. In obesity, catecholamine resistance reduces cAMP-driven adipocyte IL-6 secretion in response to catabolic signals. By restoring adipocyte catecholamine sensitivity in obese adipocytes, amlexanox stimulates adipocyte-specific IL-6 secretion. We report that in this context, adipocyte-secreted IL-6 activates local macrophage STAT3 to promote Il4ra expression, thereby sensitizing them to IL-4 signaling and promoting an anti-inflammatory gene expression pattern. Supporting a paracrine adipocyte to macrophage mechanism, these effects could be recapitulated using adipocyte conditioned media to pretreat bone marrow-derived macrophages prior to polarization with IL-4. The effects of IL-6 signaling in adipose tissue are complex and context specific. These results suggest that cAMP-driven IL-6 secretion from adipocytes sensitizes adipose tissue macrophages to IL-4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danny Luan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine/NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Benyamin Dadpey
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Jessica Zaid
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Pania E. Bridge-Comer
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Julia H. DeLuca
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wenmin Xia
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Joshua Castle
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shannon M. Reilly
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Weill Center for Metabolic Health, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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6
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Tang Y, Ma D, Liang M, Hou Y, Zhang M, Wang J, Yuan C, Li M, Sun C, Xie J, Wang C, Zhang J. Stress-inducible IL-6 is regulated by KLF7 in brown adipocytes. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14931. [PMID: 37025783 PMCID: PMC10070148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-inducible interleukin 6 (IL-6) is generated in brown adipocytes via beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) signaling, which is necessary in stress hyperglycemia, the kind of metabolic adaptation enabling "fight or flight" response by means of liver gluconeogenesis. Nevertheless, the mechanism of ADRB3 signaling mediates IL-6 in brown adipocytes remains unclear. As a result, it is critical to understand how brown adipocytes produce IL-6 via ADRB3 signaling. We found that the ADRB3 agonist and cold stimulation promoted the expression of KLF7 and IL-6 in brown adipocytes of mice. In parallel to these results in vivo, treatment with ADRB3 agonist promoted the expression of KLF7 and the release of IL-6 in primary brown adipocytes of mice. Notably, we discovered that KLF7 positively controls the expression of IL-6 and downregulated KLF7 largely blunted ADRB3 agonist induced IL-6 expressions in brown adipocytes. Our findings suggest that KLF7 is required for the generation of IL-6 when ADRB3 signaling is activated in brown adipocytes.
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7
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Weber A, Medak KD, Townsend LK, Wright DC. Ketogenic diet induced weight loss occurs independent of housing temperature and is followed by hyperphagia and weight regain after cessation in mice. J Physiol 2022; 600:4677-4693. [PMID: 36083198 DOI: 10.1113/jp283469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Ketogenic diets reduce food intake, increase energy expenditure and cause weight loss in rodents Prior preclinical studies have been completed at room temperature, a condition which induces thermal stress and limits clinical translatability We demonstrate that ketogenic diet-induced reductions in food intake, increases in energy expenditure, weight loss and improvements in glucose homeostasis are similar in mice housed at room temperature or thermal neutrality Ketogenic diet induced reductions in food intake appear to explain a large degree of weight loss. Similarly, switching mice from a ketogenic to an obesogenic diet leads to hyperphagia mediated weight gain ABSTRACT: Ketogenic diets (KDs) are a popular tool used for weight management. Studies in mice have demonstrated that KDs reduce food intake, increase energy expenditure and cause weight loss. These studies were completed at room temperature (RT), a condition below the animal's thermal neutral (TN) zone which induces thermal stress. As energy intake and expenditure are sensitive to environmental temperature it's not clear if a KD would exert the same beneficial effects under TN conditions. Adherence to restrictive diets is poor and consequently it is important to examine the effects, and underlying mechanisms, of cycling from a ketogenic to an obesogenic diet. The purpose of the current study was to determine if housing temperature impacted the effects of a KD in obese mice and to determine if the mechanisms driving KD-induced weight loss reverse when mice are switched to an obesogenic high fat diet. We demonstrate that KD-induced reductions in food intake, increases in energy expenditure, weight loss and improvements in glucose homeostasis are not dependent upon housing temperature. KD-induced weight loss, seems to be largely explained by reductions in caloric intake while cycling mice back to an obesogenic diet following a period of KD feeding leads to hyperphagia-induced weight gain. Collectively, our results suggest that prior findings with mice fed a KD at RT are likely not an artifact of how mice were housed and that initial changes in weight when transitioning from an obesogenic to a ketogenic diet or back, are largely dependent on food intake. Abstract figure legend The impact of housing temperature on ketogenic diet mediated changes in energy expenditure, food intake and weight gain. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Weber
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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8
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Xiao QA, He Q, Li L, Song Y, Chen YR, Zeng J, Xia X. Role of IKKε in the Metabolic Diseases: Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888588. [PMID: 35662709 PMCID: PMC9162805 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IKKε (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase ε) is a member of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway. It participates in the inflammatory response and innate immunity against bacteria. In recent decades, IKKε has been closely associated with metabolic regulation. Inhibition of the IKKε pathway can improve fat deposition in the liver, reduce subcutaneous fat inflammation, and improve liver gluconeogenesis in obesity. IKKε is expected to be a new therapeutic target for metabolic diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. Herein, we summarize the structural characterization, physiological function, and pathological role of IKKε in metabolic diseases and small molecule inhibitors of IKKε.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Ao Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China.,Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese MedicineState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Qian He
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lun Li
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yinhong Song
- The Institute of Infection and Inflammation, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Yue-Ran Chen
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese MedicineState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University/the First People's Hospital of Yichang, Yichang, China
| | - Xuan Xia
- Third-grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Traditional Chinese MedicineState Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, China
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9
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Kistner TM, Pedersen BK, Lieberman DE. Interleukin 6 as an energy allocator in muscle tissue. Nat Metab 2022; 4:170-179. [PMID: 35210610 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00538-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research has shown that interleukin 6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional molecule that is both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory, depending on the context. Here, we combine an evolutionary perspective with physiological data to propose that IL-6's context-dependent effects on metabolism reflect its adaptive role for short-term energy allocation. This energy-allocation role is especially salient during physical activity, when skeletal muscle releases large amounts of IL-6. We predict that during bouts of physical activity, myokine IL-6 fulfills the three main characteristics of a short-term energy allocator: it is secreted from muscle in response to an energy deficit, it liberates somatic energy through lipolysis and it enhances muscular energy uptake and transiently downregulates immune function. We then extend this model of energy allocation beyond myokine IL-6 to reinterpret the roles that IL-6 plays in chronic inflammation, as well as during COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and multiorgan failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Kistner
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Bente K Pedersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism/Centre for Physical Activity Research (CIM/CFAS), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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10
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The potential value of amlexanox in the treatment of cancer: Molecular targets and therapeutic perspectives. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 197:114895. [PMID: 34968491 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amlexanox (AMX) is an azoxanthone drug used for decades for the treatment of mouth aphthous ulcers and now considered for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. The drug is usually viewed as a dual inhibitor of the non-canonical IκB kinases IKK-ɛ (inhibitor-kappaB kinase epsilon) and TBK1 (TANK-binding kinase 1). But a detailed target profile analysis indicated that AMX binds directly to twelve protein targets, including different enzymes (IKK-ɛ, TBK1, GRK1, GRK5, PDE4B, 5- and 12-lipoxygenases) and non-enzyme proteins (FGF-1, HSP90, S100A4, S100A12, S100A13). AMX has been demonstrated to have marked anticancer effects in multiple models of xenografted tumors in mice, including breast, colon, lung and gastric cancers and in onco-hematological models. The anticancer potency is generally modest but largely enhanced upon combination with cytotoxic (temozolide, docetaxel), targeted (selumetinib) or biotherapeutic agents (anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies). The multiple targets participate in the anticancer effects, chiefly IKK-ɛ/TBK1 but also S100A proteins and PDE4B. The review presents the molecular basis of the antitumor effects of AMX. The capacity of the drug to block nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is also discussed, as well as AMX-induced reduction of cancer-related pain. Altogether, the analysis provides a survey of the anticancer action of AMX, with the implicated protein targets. The use of this well-tolerated drug to treat cancer should be further considered and the design of newer analogues encouraged.
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11
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Chen D, Du K, Niu X, Zhang H, Zhang X, Tang Y, Zhao J. Development and validation of LC-MS/MS method for amlexanox in rat plasma and its application in preclinical pharmacokinetics. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 36:e5288. [PMID: 34842293 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Amlexanox, an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic agent, has been widely used clinically for the treatment of canker sores, asthma, and allergic rhinitis. Recently, amlexanox has received considerable attention in curing nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases and hepatitis virus infection. Herein, we first established a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrum (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of amlexanox in rat plasma. Propranolol was used as the internal standard (IS). Using a simple protein precipitation method, the amlexanox and IS were separated with Capcell Pak C18 column (2.0 × 50 mm, 5 μm) and eluted with water and acetonitrile each containing 0.1% formic acid using gradient elution condition at a flow rate of 0.4 mL·min-1 . Amlexanox and IS were detected by a triple quadrupole mass in multiple reactive monitoring (MRM) under the transitions of m/z 299.2 → 281.2 and m/z 259.9 → 116.1 with positive electrospray ionization, respectively. The calibration curves of amlexanox were established with the range of 50 to 2000 ng·mL-1 (r2 > 0.99). The validation method consisted of selectivity, accuracy, precision, carryover effect, matrix effect, recovery, dilution effect, and stability. The fully validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of amlexanox in Wistar rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Chen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaixin Du
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaochen Niu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yu Tang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianchun Zhao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.,Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, Qingdao, China
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12
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Liu Y, Guo G, Lu Y, Chen X, Zhu L, Zhao L, Li C, Zhang Z, Jin X, Dong J, Yang X, Huang Q. Silencing IKBKE inhibits the migration and invasion of glioblastoma by promoting Snail1 degradation. Clin Transl Oncol 2021; 24:816-828. [PMID: 34741724 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-021-02726-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common malignant brain tumors in adults and has high mortality and relapse rates. Over the past few years, great advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of GBM, but unfortunately, the five-year overall survival rate of GBM patients is approximately 5.1%. Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon (IKBKE) is a major oncogenic protein in tumors and can promote evil development of GBM. Snail1, a key inducer of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcription factor, is subjected to ubiquitination and degradation, but the mechanism by which Snail1 is stabilized in tumors remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of IKBKE regulating Snail1 in GBM. METHODS First, we analyzed the correlation between the expression of IKBKE and the tumor grade and prognosis through public databases and laboratory specimen libraries. Second, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were used to detect the correlation between IKBKE and Snail expression in glioma samples and cell lines. Western blot and immunofluorescence (IF) experiments were used to detect the quality and distribution of IKBKE and Snail1 proteins. Third, In situ animal model of intracranial glioma to detect the regulatory effect of IKBKE on intracranial tumors. RESULTS In this study, Our study reveals a new connection between IKBKE and Snail1, where IKBKE can directly bind to Snail1, translocate Snail1 into the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Downregulation of IKBKE results in Snail1 destabilization and impairs the tumor cell migration and invasion capabilities. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that the IKBKE-Snail1 axis may serve as a potential therapeutic target for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - G Guo
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - X Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - L Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - L Zhao
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - C Li
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Cerebrovascular Disease Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - X Jin
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - J Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - X Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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13
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A potential probiotic bacterium for antipsychotic-induced metabolic syndrome: mechanisms underpinning how Akkermansia muciniphila subtype improves olanzapine-induced glucose homeostasis in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:2543-2553. [PMID: 34046717 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-021-05878-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Olanzapine (OLZ) is one of the most effective atypical antipsychotics but is associated with severe metabolic side effects, in which the gut microbiota plays an important role. Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila; Akk), a Gram-negative anaerobic bacterium in the intestine, can potentially improve metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect and underlying mechanisms of an A. muciniphila subtype (A. muciniphilasub; Akksub) on OLZ-induced metabolic dysfunction in lean and obese mice. METHODS C57BL/6 female mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce obesity or normal chow for 8 weeks before OLZ treatment for 16 weeks. During the treatment period, mice in each group were orally administrated A. muciniphilasub. Weight gain, glucose and lipid metabolism, and inflammation were evaluated. RESULTS A. muciniphilasub decreased OLZ-related weight gain only at week 16 in lean mice and significantly alleviated OLZ-induced hyperglycemia irrespective of diet. This was accompanied by reduced levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)-key enzymes in hepatic gluconeogenesis-and OLZ-associated insulin resistance. Moreover, OLZ-induced increases in serum interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were improved by A. muciniphilasub in both obese and lean mice. OLZ did not increase serum lipid levels or hepatic fat accumulation. CONCLUSIONS A. muciniphilasub improves OLZ-related hyperglycemia via regulation of G6Pase and PEPCK levels and insulin resistance. Moreover, A. muciniphilasub alleviates systemic inflammation caused by OLZ. A. muciniphilasub is a promising probiotic treatment for OLZ-induced metabolic dysfunction.
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14
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de Souza Mesquita LM, Casagrande BP, Santamarina AB, Sertorio MN, de Souza DV, Mennitti LV, Jucá A, Jamar G, Estadella D, Ribeiro DA, Ventura SPM, de Rosso VV, Pisani LP. Carotenoids obtained from an ionic liquid-mediated process display anti-inflammatory response in the adipose tissue-liver axis. Food Funct 2021; 12:8478-8491. [PMID: 34297028 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01429c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) have been proposed as more efficient and sustainable solvents to replace volatile organic solvents (VOSs). However, the drawbacks associated with their use are still limiting the regular application of bioactive compounds obtained from the processes they mediate as food ingredients. It is true that the number of ILs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for food applications is still low and mainly focused on the ones from the quaternary ammonium family. However, this trend is changing, judging from the evidence that industries are surpassing overgeneralization about ILs (on price and toxicity) and starting to consider the potential and performance of ILs as solvents. Despite the examples of industries applying ILs in their processes, the use of bioactive compounds obtained from IL-based processes as ingredients in food formulations is still a big challenge. The positive influence of carotenoids on diseases associated or originating from the inflammatory scenario including, among others, obesity, is not new. Moreover, it is also well known that the poorest population worldwide does not have the recommended intake of carotenoids, especially those pro-vitaminic A. In an attempt to help answer this issue, dietary supplements containing adequate doses of natural carotenoids are expected to be the solution, or at least, part of the solution for a healthier life, but also, to reduce hunger. Thus, complete studies evaluating the toxicological potential and the real viability of adding these bioactive compounds in food formulations proving (or not!) their safety to consumers and handlers are highly demanded. This work proposes to investigate the potential of carotenoids extracted from Bactris gasipaes feedstocks mediated by an ethanolic solution of an imidazolium-based IL. Thus, male Wistar rats were randomized in six different groups, supplemented or not by carotenoids extracted by IL or VOS, and fed by control- and/or high-fat-diets (HFD). The adipose tissue-liver axis was studied as a model to investigate the influence of the carotenoids on the levels of inflammation and oxidative stress markers. The main results showed that animals supplemented with carotenoids extracted with IL displayed improvements in serum parameters, besides lower metabolic efficiency, and antioxidant response on the liver, even when fed with HFD. However, animals supplemented with carotenoids extracted by VOS showed higher levels of pro-inflammatory markers and huge oxidative stress on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo M de Souza Mesquita
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil. and CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Breno P Casagrande
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Aline B Santamarina
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Marcela N Sertorio
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Vitor de Souza
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laís V Mennitti
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andrea Jucá
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Giovana Jamar
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Debora Estadella
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sónia P M Ventura
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Veridiana V de Rosso
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciana P Pisani
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Silva Jardim Street, 136, Vila Mathias, 11015-020, Santos, SP, Brazil.
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15
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Brandão BB, Poojari A, Rabiee A. Thermogenic Fat: Development, Physiological Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5906. [PMID: 34072788 PMCID: PMC8198523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The concerning worldwide increase of obesity and chronic metabolic diseases, such as T2D, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, motivates further investigations into preventive and alternative therapeutic approaches. Over the past decade, there has been growing evidence that the formation and activation of thermogenic adipocytes (brown and beige) may serve as therapy to treat obesity and its associated diseases owing to its capacity to increase energy expenditure and to modulate circulating lipids and glucose levels. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of brown and beige adipocytes formation and activation will facilitate the development of strategies to combat metabolic disorders. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of pathways and players involved in the development of brown and beige fat, as well as the role of thermogenic adipocytes in energy homeostasis and metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the alterations in brown and beige adipose tissue function during obesity and explore the therapeutic potential of thermogenic activation to treat metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna B. Brandão
- Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Ankita Poojari
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
| | - Atefeh Rabiee
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA 95211, USA;
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16
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Whitson RH, Li SL, Zhang G, Larson GP, Itakura K. Mice with Fabp4-Cre ablation of Arid5b are resistant to diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 528:111246. [PMID: 33757861 PMCID: PMC8956154 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mice with global deletion of Arid5b expression are lean and resistant to diet-induced obesity, and Arid5b is required for adipogenesis in a variety of in vitro models. To determine whether the lean phenotype of Arid5b-/- mice can be explained by its absence in adipose tissues, we generated mice with Fabp4-mediated ablation of Arid5b. Arid5b expression was ablated in adipocytes, from Fabp4-CREpos; Arid5bFLOX/FLOX (FSKO) mice. FSKO mice were not lean when maintained on standard chow, but males were resistant to weight gains when placed on high-fat diets (HFD). This was mainly due to decreased lipid accumulation in subcutaneous (inguinal) white adipose tissue (IWAT), and the liver. Lipid accumulation proceeded normally in gonadal WAT (GWAT) and glucose intolerance developed to the same degree in FSKO and WT controls when subjected to HFD. CD68-positive macrophages were also significantly reduced in both inguinal and gonadal fat depots. RNA-Seq analysis of IWAT adipocytes from FSKO mice on HFD revealed significant decreases in the expression of genes associated with inflammation. Although Arid5b expression was normal in livers of FSKO mice, tissue weight gains and triglyceride accumulation, and expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were markedly reduced in livers of FSKO mice on HFD. These results suggest that Arid5b plays a critical role in lipid accumulation in specific WAT depots, and in the inflammatory signaling from WAT depots to liver that lead to lipid accumulation and hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Whitson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Shu-Lian Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Guoxiang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Garrett P Larson
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Keiichi Itakura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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17
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Reilly SM, Abu-Odeh M, Ameka M, DeLuca JH, Naber MC, Dadpey B, Ebadat N, Gomez AV, Peng X, Poirier B, Walk E, Potthoff MJ, Saltiel AR. FGF21 is required for the metabolic benefits of IKKε/TBK1 inhibition. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:145546. [PMID: 33822771 DOI: 10.1172/jci145546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinases IKKε and TBK1 are activated in liver and fat in mouse models of obesity. We have previously demonstrated that treatment with the IKKε/TBK1 inhibitor amlexanox produces weight loss and relieves insulin resistance in obese animals and patients. While amlexanox treatment caused a transient reduction in food intake, long-term weight loss was attributable to increased energy expenditure via FGF21-dependent beiging of white adipose tissue (WAT). Amlexanox increased FGF21 synthesis and secretion in several tissues. Interestingly, although hepatic secretion determined circulating levels, it was dispensable for regulating energy expenditure. In contrast, adipocyte-secreted FGF21 may have acted as an autocrine factor that led to adipose tissue browning and weight loss in obese mice. Moreover, increased energy expenditure was an important determinant of improved insulin sensitivity by amlexanox. Conversely, the immediate reductions in fasting blood glucose observed with acute amlexanox treatment were mediated by the suppression of hepatic glucose production via activation of STAT3 by adipocyte-secreted IL-6. These findings demonstrate that amlexanox improved metabolic health via FGF21 action in adipocytes to increase energy expenditure via WAT beiging and that adipocyte-derived IL-6 has an endocrine role in decreasing gluconeogenesis via hepatic STAT3 activation, thereby producing a coordinated improvement in metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Reilly
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mohammad Abu-Odeh
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Julia H DeLuca
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Meghan C Naber
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Benyamin Dadpey
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nima Ebadat
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew V Gomez
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - BreAnne Poirier
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Elyse Walk
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and.,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Lemmer IL, Willemsen N, Hilal N, Bartelt A. A guide to understanding endoplasmic reticulum stress in metabolic disorders. Mol Metab 2021; 47:101169. [PMID: 33484951 PMCID: PMC7887651 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global rise of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, demands a thorough molecular understanding of the cellular mechanisms that govern health or disease. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a key organelle for cellular function and metabolic adaptation and, therefore disturbed ER function, known as "ER stress," is a key feature of metabolic disorders. SCOPE OF REVIEW As ER stress remains a poorly defined phenomenon, this review provides a general guide to understanding the nature, etiology, and consequences of ER stress in metabolic disorders. We define ER stress by its type of stressor, which is driven by proteotoxicity, lipotoxicity, and/or glucotoxicity. We discuss the implications of ER stress in metabolic disorders by reviewing evidence implicating ER phenotypes and organelle communication, protein quality control, calcium homeostasis, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and inflammation as key mechanisms in the development of ER stress and metabolic dysfunction. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In mammalian biology, ER is a phenotypically and functionally diverse platform for nutrient sensing, which is critical for cell type-specific metabolic control by hepatocytes, adipocytes, muscle cells, and neurons. In these cells, ER stress is a distinct, transient state of functional imbalance, which is usually resolved by the activation of adaptive programs such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), ER-associated protein degradation (ERAD), or autophagy. However, challenges to proteostasis also impact lipid and glucose metabolism and vice versa. In the ER, sensing and adaptive measures are integrated and failure of the ER to adapt leads to aberrant metabolism, organelle dysfunction, insulin resistance, and inflammation. In conclusion, the ER is intricately linked to a wide spectrum of cellular functions and is a critical component in maintaining and restoring metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke L Lemmer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nienke Willemsen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Nazia Hilal
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Alexander Bartelt
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Pettenkoferstr. 9, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, 80336 Munich, Germany; Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Center Munich, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Technische Universität München, Biedersteiner Str. 29, 80802 München, Germany; Department of Molecular Metabolism, 665 Huntington Avenue, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 02115 Boston, MA, USA.
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19
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Loupy KM, Cler KE, Marquart BM, Yifru TW, D'Angelo HM, Arnold MR, Elsayed AI, Gebert MJ, Fierer N, Fonken LK, Frank MG, Zambrano CA, Maier SF, Lowry CA. Comparing the effects of two different strains of mycobacteria, Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 and M. vaccae ATCC 15483, on stress-resilient behaviors and lipid-immune signaling in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:212-229. [PMID: 33011306 PMCID: PMC7749860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are highly prevalent and often difficult to treat. In rodents, stress-related, anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses may be characterized by social avoidance, exacerbated inflammation, and altered metabolic states. We have previously shown that, in rodents, subcutaneous injections of a heat-killed preparation of the soil-derived bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 promotes stress resilience effects that are associated with immunoregulatory signaling in the periphery and the brain. In the current study, we sought to determine whether treatment with a heat-killed preparation of the closely related M. vaccae type strain, M. vaccae ATCC 15483, would also promote stress-resilience in adult male rats, likely due to biologically similar characteristics of the two strains. Here we show that immunization with either M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or M. vaccae ATCC 15483 prevents stress-induced increases in hippocampal interleukin 6 mRNA expression, consistent with previous studies showing that M. vaccae NCTC 11659 prevents stress-induced increases in peripheral IL-6 secretion, and prevents exaggeration of anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses assessed 24 h after exposure to inescapable tail shock stress (IS) in adult male rats. Analysis of mRNA expression, protein abundance, and flow cytometry data demonstrate overlapping but also unique effects of treatment with the two M. vaccae strains on immunological and metabolic signaling in the host. These data support the hypothesis that treatment with different M. vaccae strains may immunize the host against stress-induced dysregulation of physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kristin E Cler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brandon M Marquart
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Tumim W Yifru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Heather M D'Angelo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mathew R Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ahmed I Elsayed
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew J Gebert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Cristian A Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
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20
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Dosanjh A, Won CY. Amlexanox: A Novel Therapeutic for Atopic, Metabolic, and Inflammatory Disease. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 93:759-763. [PMID: 33380937 PMCID: PMC7757066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Amlexanox, a small molecule targeted therapy which has been used in the treatment of atopic conditions was previously but is not currently available in the United States. Amlexanox has also been legally utilized and administered in Japan as a treatment for asthma, a chronic pulmonary disease characterized by inflammation of the lower respiratory tract. Amlexanox's immune modulatory effects have been the subject of studies which have repurposed the drug for potential therapeutic applications in metabolic and inflammatory disease. Because amlexanox inhibits TANK-binding kinase1 (TBK1) and nuclear factor kB kinase epsilon (IKKε), several studies have demonstrated its usefulness through its evidence downregulation of the immune system and attenuation of downstream TBK1 signaling. Novel therapies, such as amlexanox, for inflammatory conditions such as asthma will continue to be of value in clinical management. This report summarizes key applications of the drug based on animal and human studies and explores its potential in treatment of metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Dosanjh
- Department of Pediatrics, RCHSD, San Diego, CA,To whom all correspondence should be addressed:
A. Dosanjh M.D., Pediatric Respiratory affiliated RCHSD, Department of
Pediatrics, 300 Children’s Way, Medical Staff Office, San Diego, CA 92123;
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21
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Huh JY, Reilly SM, Abu-Odeh M, Murphy AN, Mahata SK, Zhang J, Cho Y, Seo JB, Hung CW, Green CR, Metallo CM, Saltiel AR. TANK-Binding Kinase 1 Regulates the Localization of Acyl-CoA Synthetase ACSL1 to Control Hepatic Fatty Acid Oxidation. Cell Metab 2020; 32:1012-1027.e7. [PMID: 33152322 PMCID: PMC7710607 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic TANK (TRAF family member associated NFκB activator)-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) activity is increased during obesity, and administration of a TBK1 inhibitor reduces fatty liver. Surprisingly, liver-specific TBK1 knockout in mice produces fatty liver by reducing fatty acid oxidation. TBK1 functions as a scaffolding protein to localize acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 1 (ACSL1) to mitochondria, which generates acyl-CoAs that are channeled for β-oxidation. TBK1 is induced during fasting and maintained in the unphosphorylated, inactive state, enabling its high affinity binding to ACSL1 in mitochondria. In TBK1-deficient liver, ACSL1 is shifted to the endoplasmic reticulum to promote fatty acid re-esterification in lieu of oxidation in response to fasting, which accelerates hepatic lipid accumulation. The impaired fatty acid oxidation in TBK1-deficient hepatocytes is rescued by the expression of kinase-dead TBK1. Thus, TBK1 operates as a rheostat to direct the fate of fatty acids in hepatocytes, supporting oxidation when inactive during fasting and promoting re-esterification when activated during obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Huh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mohammad Abu-Odeh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sushil K Mahata
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yoori Cho
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Biosciences, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Courtney R Green
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
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22
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Rojas-Rodriguez R, Ziegler R, DeSouza T, Majid S, Madore AS, Amir N, Pace VA, Nachreiner D, Alfego D, Mathew J, Leung K, Moore Simas TA, Corvera S. PAPPA-mediated adipose tissue remodeling mitigates insulin resistance and protects against gestational diabetes in mice and humans. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaay4145. [PMID: 33239385 PMCID: PMC8375243 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay4145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a physiological state of continuous adaptation to changing maternal and fetal nutritional needs, including a reduction of maternal insulin sensitivity allowing for appropriately enhanced glucose availability to the fetus. However, excessive insulin resistance in conjunction with insufficient insulin secretion results in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), greatly increasing the risk for pregnancy complications and predisposing both mothers and offspring to future metabolic disease. Here, we report a signaling pathway connecting pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) with adipose tissue expansion in pregnancy. Adipose tissue plays a central role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity, and we show that, in both mice and humans, pregnancy caused remodeling of adipose tissue evidenced by altered adipocyte size, vascularization, and in vitro expansion capacity. PAPPA is known to be a metalloprotease secreted by human placenta that modulates insulin-like growth factor (IGF) bioavailability through prolteolysis of IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) 2, 4, and 5. We demonstrate that recombinant PAPPA can stimulate ex vivo human adipose tissue expansion in an IGFBP-5- and IGF-1-dependent manner. Moreover, mice lacking PAPPA displayed impaired adipose tissue remodeling, pregnancy-induced insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, recapitulating multiple aspects of human GDM. In a cohort of 6361 pregnant women, concentrations of circulating PAPPA are inversely correlated with glycemia and odds of developing GDM. These data identify PAPPA and the IGF signaling pathway as necessary for the regulation of maternal adipose tissue physiology and systemic glucose homeostasis, with consequences for long-term metabolic risk and potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raziel Rojas-Rodriguez
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Rachel Ziegler
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tiffany DeSouza
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Sana Majid
- Clinical Translational Research Pathway, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Aylin S Madore
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nili Amir
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Veronica A Pace
- Clinical Translational Research Pathway, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daniel Nachreiner
- Clinical Translational Research Pathway, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - David Alfego
- Division of Data Sciences and Technology, IT, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jomol Mathew
- Division of Data Sciences and Technology, IT, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Katherine Leung
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Tiffany A Moore Simas
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Massachusetts Medical School and UMass Memorial Healthcare, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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23
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Zhao P, Saltiel AR. Interaction of Adipocyte Metabolic and Immune Functions Through TBK1. Front Immunol 2020; 11:592949. [PMID: 33193441 PMCID: PMC7606291 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.592949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes and adipose tissue play critical roles in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. In obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases, immune cells infiltrate into adipose tissues. Interaction between adipocytes and immune cells re-shapes both metabolic and immune properties of adipose tissue and dramatically changes metabolic set points. Both the expression and activity of the non-canonical IKK family member TBK1 are induced in adipose tissues during diet-induced obesity. TBK1 plays important roles in the regulation of both metabolism and inflammation in adipose tissue and thus affects glucose and energy metabolism. Here we review the regulation and functions of TBK1 and the molecular mechanisms by which TBK1 regulates both metabolism and inflammation in adipose tissue. Finally, we discuss the potential of a TBK1/IKKε inhibitor as a new therapy for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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24
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Bruno C, Sieverding K, Freischmidt A, Satoh T, Walther P, Mayer B, Ludolph AC, Akira S, Yilmazer-Hanke D, Danzer KM, Lobsiger CS, Brenner D, Weishaupt JH. Haploinsufficiency of TANK-binding kinase 1 prepones age-associated neuroinflammatory changes without causing motor neuron degeneration in aged mice. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa133. [PMID: 33005894 PMCID: PMC7519725 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in TANK-binding kinase 1 cause genetic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Consistent with incomplete penetrance in humans, haploinsufficiency of TANK-binding kinase 1 did not cause motor symptoms in mice up to 7 months of age in a previous study. Ageing is the strongest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. Hypothesizing that age-dependent processes together with haploinsufficiency of TANK-binding kinase 1 could create a double hit situation that may trigger neurodegeneration, we examined mice with hemizygous deletion of Tbk1 (Tbk1 +/- mice) and wild-type siblings up to 22 months. Compared to 4-month old mice, aged, 22-month old mice showed glial activation, deposition of motoneuronal p62 aggregates, muscular denervation and profound transcriptomic alterations in a set of 800 immune-related genes upon ageing. However, we did not observe differences regarding these measures between aged Tbk1 +/- and wild-type siblings. High age did also not precipitate TAR DNA-binding protein 43 aggregation, neurodegeneration or a neurological phenotype in Tbk1+/ - mice. In young Tbk1+/ - mice, however, we found the CNS immune gene expression pattern shifted towards the age-dependent immune system dysregulation observed in old mice. Conclusively, ageing is not sufficient to precipitate an amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or frontotemporal dementia phenotype or spinal or cortical neurodegeneration in a model of Tbk1 haploinsufficiency. We hypothesize that the consequences of Tbk1 haploinsufficiency may be highly context-dependent and require a specific synergistic stress stimulus to be uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Bruno
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Paul Walther
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - B Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Deniz Yilmazer-Hanke
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroanatomy, Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 61867 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jochen H Weishaupt
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Mannheim Center for Translational Neurosciences, Heidelberg University, 61867 Mannheim, Germany
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25
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Ma Y, Zhu S, Lv T, Gu X, Feng H, Zhen J, Xin W, Wan Q. SQSTM1/p62 Controls mtDNA Expression and Participates in Mitochondrial Energetic Adaption via MRPL12. iScience 2020; 23:101428. [PMID: 32805647 PMCID: PMC7452302 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) encodes thirteen core components of OXPHOS complexes, and its steady expression is crucial for cellular energy homeostasis. However, the regulation of mtDNA expression machinery, along with its sensing mechanism to energetic stresses, is not fully understood. Here, we identified SQSTM1/p62 as an important regulator of mtDNA expression machinery, which could effectively induce mtDNA expression and the effects were mediated by p38-dependent upregulation of mitochondrial ribosomal protein L12 (MRPL12) in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), a highly energy-demanding cell type related to OXPHOS. We further identified a direct binding site within the MRPL12 promoter to ATF2, the downstream effector of p38. Besides, SQSTM1/p62-induced mtDNA expression is involved in both serum deprivation and hypoxia-induced mitochondrial response, which was further highlighted by kidney injury phenotype of TECs-specific SQSTM1/p62 knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that SQSTM1/p62 is a key regulator and energetic sensor of mtDNA expression machinery. SQSTM1/p62 is an important regulator of mtDNA expression machinery SQSTM1/p62 induces MRPL12 expression via activating p38/ATF2 signaling pathway SQSTM1/p62 maintains TECs mitochondrial homeostasis and kidney function
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Renal Division, Peking University First Hospital, Peking University Institute of Nephrology, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Suwei Zhu
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tingting Lv
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xia Gu
- School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Hong Feng
- Cancer Center, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Qiang Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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26
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Knights AJ, Wu J, Tseng YH. The Heating Microenvironment: Intercellular Cross Talk Within Thermogenic Adipose Tissue. Diabetes 2020; 69:1599-1604. [PMID: 32690661 PMCID: PMC7372068 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue serves as the body's primary energy storage site; however, findings in recent decades have transformed our understanding of the multifaceted roles of this adaptable organ. The ability of adipose tissue to undergo energy expenditure through heat generation is termed adaptive thermogenesis, a process carried out by thermogenic adipocytes. Adipocytes are the primary parenchymal cell type in adipose tissue, yet these cells are sustained within a rich stromal vascular microenvironment comprised of adipose stem cells and progenitors, immune cells, neuronal cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Intricate cross talk between these diverse cell types is essential in regulating the activation of thermogenic fat, and the past decade has shed significant light on how this intercellular communication functions. This review will draw upon recent findings and current perspectives on the sophisticated repertoire of cellular and molecular features that comprise the adipose thermogenic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jun Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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27
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Jargaud V, Bour S, Tercé F, Collet X, Valet P, Bouloumié A, Guillemot JC, Mauriège P, Jalkanen S, Stolen C, Salmi M, Smith DJ, Carpéné C. Obesity of mice lacking VAP-1/SSAO by Aoc3 gene deletion is reproduced in mice expressing a mutated vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) devoid of amine oxidase activity. J Physiol Biochem 2020; 77:141-154. [PMID: 32712883 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-020-00756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The product of Aoc3 gene is known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), a glycoprotein contributing to leukocyte extravasation and exhibiting semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase activity (SSAO). Regarding the immune functions of VAP-1/SSAO, it is known that mice bearing Aoc3 gene knock-out (AOC3KO) exhibit defects in leukocyte migration similar to those of mice expressing a mutated VAP-1 lacking functional SSAO activity (knock-in, AOC3KI). However, it has not been reported whether these models differ regarding other disturbances. Thus, we further compared endocrine-metabolic phenotypes of AOC3KO and AOC3KI mice to their respective control. Special attention was paid on adiposity, glucose and lipid handling, since VAP-1/SSAO is highly expressed in adipose tissue (AT). In both mouse lines, no tissue SSAO activity was found, while Aoc3 mRNA was absent in AOC3KO only. Although food consumption was unchanged, both AOC3KO and AOC3KI mice were heavier and fatter than their respective controls. Other alterations commonly found in adipocytes from both lines were loss of benzylamine insulin-like action with unchanged insulin lipogenic responsiveness and adiponectin expression. A similar downregulation of inflammatory markers (CD45, IL6) was found in AT. Glucose handling and liver mass remained unchanged, while circulating lipid profile was distinctly altered, with increased cholesterol in AOC3KO only. These results suggest that the lack of oxidase activity found in AOC3KI is sufficient to reproduce the metabolic disturbances observed in AOC3KO mice, save those related with cholesterol transport. Modulation of SSAO activity therefore constitutes a potential target for the treatment of cardiometabolic diseases, especially obesity when complicated by low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Jargaud
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.,Sanofi, Translational Sciences Unit, Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | - Sandy Bour
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - François Tercé
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Collet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Valet
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Pascale Mauriège
- Dept. of Kinesiology, Fac. of Medicine and PEPS, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Craig Stolen
- MediCity and Biotie Therapies Plc, Turku, Finland
| | - Marko Salmi
- MediCity and Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Christian Carpéné
- Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France. .,University of Toulouse, UMR1048, Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France.
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28
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Reilly SM, Hung CW, Ahmadian M, Zhao P, Keinan O, Gomez AV, DeLuca JH, Dadpey B, Lu D, Zaid J, Poirier B, Peng X, Yu RT, Downes M, Liddle C, Evans RM, Murphy AN, Saltiel AR. Catecholamines suppress fatty acid re-esterification and increase oxidation in white adipocytes via STAT3. Nat Metab 2020; 2:620-634. [PMID: 32694788 PMCID: PMC7384260 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamines stimulate the mobilization of stored triglycerides in adipocytes to provide fatty acids (FAs) for other tissues. However, a large proportion is taken back up and either oxidized or re-esterified. What controls the disposition of these FAs in adipocytes remains unknown. Here, we report that catecholamines redirect FAs for oxidation through the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Adipocyte STAT3 is phosphorylated upon activation of β-adrenergic receptors, and in turn suppresses FA re-esterification to promote FA oxidation. Adipocyte-specific Stat3 KO mice exhibit normal rates of lipolysis, but exhibit defective lipolysis-driven oxidative metabolism, resulting in reduced energy expenditure and increased adiposity when they are on a high-fat diet. This previously unappreciated, non-genomic role of STAT3 explains how sympathetic activation can increase both lipolysis and FA oxidation in adipocytes, revealing a new regulatory axis in metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Reilly
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maryam Ahmadian
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Omer Keinan
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew V Gomez
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia H DeLuca
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Benyamin Dadpey
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Donald Lu
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Zaid
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - BreAnne Poirier
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoling Peng
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Liddle
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Sciences, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anne N Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Cytokinetics, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Division of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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29
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Han Y, Hou R, Zhang X, Liu H, Gao Y, Li X, Qi R, Cai R, Qi Y. Amlexanox exerts anti-inflammatory actions by targeting phosphodiesterase 4B in lipopolysaccharide-activated macrophages. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118766. [PMID: 32504661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amlexanox, an anti-inflammatory agent, is widely used for treating aphthous ulcers. Recently, amlexanox has received considerable attention because of its efficacy in mitigating metabolic inflammation via directly suppressing IKKε/TBK1. However, because the knockdown of IKKε/TBK1 has no anti-inflammatory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed RAW264.7 cells, the mechanism of amlexanox against classical inflammation is independent of IKKε/TBK1. In this study, we aim to examine the effects of amlexanox on LPS-treated macrophages and in a mouse model of endotoxemia. We found that amlexanox significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, both in vitro and in vivo, while increased interleukin-10 level in LPS-activated macrophages. Mechanistically, amlexanox down-regulated nuclear factor κB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase/activator protein-1 signaling by elevating intracellular 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level and subsequently activating protein kinase A. Molecular docking along with fluorescence polarization and enzyme inhibition assays revealed that amlexanox bound directly to phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4B to inhibit its activity. The anti-inflammatory effects of amlexanox could be abolished by the application of cAMP antagonist or PDE4B siRNA. In addition to PDE4B, the activities of PDE1C, 3A, and 3B were directly inhibited by amlexanox. Our results provide mechanistic insight into the clinical utility of amlexanox for the treatment of inflammatory disorders and might contribute to extending the clinical indications of amlexanox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haibo Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ximeng Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruijuan Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Runlan Cai
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Qi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Recent advances in the role of interleukin-6 in health and disease. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 52:47-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Sun Y, Geng M, Yuan Y, Guo P, Chen Y, Yang D, Petersen RB, Huang K, Zheng L. Lmo4‐resistin signaling contributes to adipose tissue‐liver crosstalk upon weight cycling. FASEB J 2020; 34:4732-4748. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902708r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Mengyuan Geng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yangmian Yuan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Peilian Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Yuchen Chen
- Tongji School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dong Yang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Robert B. Petersen
- Foundational Sciences Central Michigan University College of Medicine Mt. Pleasant MI USA
| | - Kun Huang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Ling Zheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis College of Life Sciences Wuhan University Wuhan China
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism Wuhan University Wuhan China
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Challa S, Husain K, Kim R, Coppola D, Batra SK, Cheng JQ, Malafa MP. Targeting the IκB Kinase Enhancer and Its Feedback Circuit in Pancreatic Cancer. Transl Oncol 2020; 13:481-489. [PMID: 32004866 PMCID: PMC6994835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly disease with an overall median 5-year survival rate of 8%. This poor prognosis is because of the development of resistance to chemotherapy and radiation therapy and lack of effective targeted therapies. IκB kinase enhancer (IKBKE) overexpression was previously implicated in chemoresistance. Because IKBKE is frequently elevated in PDAC and IKBKE inhibitors are currently in clinical trials, we evaluated IKBKE as a therapeutic target in this disease. Depletion of IKBKE was found to significantly reduce PDAC cell survival, growth, cancer stem cell renewal, and cell migration and invasion. Notably, IKBKE inhibitor CYT387 and IKBKE knockdown dramatically activated the MAPK pathway. Phospho-RTK array analyses showed that IKBKE inhibition leads to rapid upregulation of ErbB3 and IGF-1R expression, which results in MAPK-ERK pathway activation-thereby limiting the efficacy of IKBKE inhibitors. Furthermore, IKBKE inhibition leads to stabilization of FOXO3a, which is required for RTK upregulation on IKBKE inhibition. Finally, we demonstrated that the IKBKE inhibitors synergize with the MEK inhibitor trametinib to significantly induce cell death and inhibit tumor growth and liver metastasis in an orthotopic PDAC mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Domenico Coppola
- Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jin Q Cheng
- Departments of Molecular Oncology, Tampa, FL, USA
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IKK Epsilon Deficiency Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3602824. [PMID: 32064021 PMCID: PMC6998751 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3602824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder that is considered a chronic inflammatory disease. However, the precise molecular mechanisms involved in AAA have not been fully elucidated. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the function and mechanism of action of inhibitor of kappa B kinase epsilon (IKKε) in inflammatory and metabolic diseases. The angiotensin II- (Ang II-) induced or pharmacological inhibitors were established to test the effects of IKKε on AAA in vivo. After mice were continuously stimulated with Ang II for 28 days, morphologically, we found that knockout of IKKε reduced AAA formation and drastically reduced maximal diameter and severity. We also observed a decrease in elastin degradation and medial destruction, which were independent of systolic blood pressure or plasma cholesterol concentrations. Western blot analyses and immunohistochemical staining were carried out to measure IKKε expression in AAA tissues and cell lines. AAA phenotype of mice was measured by ultrasound and biochemical indexes. In zymography, immunohistology staining, immunofluorescence staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis, TUNEL assay was used to examine the effects of IKKε on AAA progression in AAA mice. IKKε deficiency significantly inhibited inflammatory macrophage infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, ROS production, and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis. We used primary mouse aortic VSMC isolated from apolipoprotein E (Apoe) -/- and Apoe-/-IKKε -/- mice. Mechanistically, IKKε deficiency blunted the activation of the ERK1/2 pathway. The IKKε inhibitor, amlexanox, has the same impact in AAA. Our results demonstrate a critical role of IKKε in AAA formation induced by Ang II in Apoe-/- mice. Targeting IKKε may constitute a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent AAA progression.
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and comprises one of the largest health threats of the twenty-first century. In this chapter, we review the current state of knowledge of NAFLD and underline the striking similarities with atherosclerosis. We first describe current epidemiological data showing the staggering increase of NAFLD numbers and its related clinical and economic costs. We then provide an overview of pathophysiological hepatic processes in NAFLD and highlight the systemic aspects of NAFLD that point toward metabolic crosstalk between organs as an important cause of metabolic disease. Finally, we end by highlighting the currently investigated therapeutic approaches for NAFLD, which also show strong similarities with a range of treatment options for atherosclerosis.
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Leiva M, Matesanz N, Pulgarín-Alfaro M, Nikolic I, Sabio G. Uncovering the Role of p38 Family Members in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:572089. [PMID: 33424765 PMCID: PMC7786386 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.572089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex functions of adipose tissue have been a focus of research interest over the past twenty years. Adipose tissue is not only the main energy storage depot, but also one of the largest endocrine organs in the body and carries out crucial metabolic functions. Moreover, brown and beige adipose depots are major sites of energy expenditure through the activation of adaptive, non-shivering thermogenesis. In recent years, numerous signaling molecules and pathways have emerged as critical regulators of adipose tissue, in both homeostasis and obesity-related disease. Among the best characterized are members of the p38 kinase family. The activity of these kinases has emerged as a key contributor to the biology of the white and brown adipose tissues, and their modulation could provide new therapeutic approaches against obesity. Here, we give an overview of the roles of the distinct p38 family members in adipose tissue, focusing on their actions in adipogenesis, thermogenic activity, and secretory function.
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Luo W, Wang Y, Zhang L, Ren P, Zhang C, Li Y, Azares AR, Zhang M, Guo J, Ghaghada KB, Starosolski ZA, Rajapakshe K, Coarfa C, Li Y, Chen R, Fujiwara K, Abe JI, Coselli JS, Milewicz DM, LeMaire SA, Shen YH. Critical Role of Cytosolic DNA and Its Sensing Adaptor STING in Aortic Degeneration, Dissection, and Rupture. Circulation 2019; 141:42-66. [PMID: 31887080 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.041460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sporadic aortic aneurysm and dissection (AAD), caused by progressive aortic smooth muscle cell (SMC) loss and extracellular matrix degradation, is a highly lethal condition. Identifying mechanisms that drive aortic degeneration is a crucial step in developing an effective pharmacologic treatment to prevent disease progression. Recent evidence has indicated that cytosolic DNA and abnormal activation of the cytosolic DNA sensing adaptor STING (stimulator of interferon genes) play a critical role in vascular inflammation and destruction. Here, we examined the involvement of this mechanism in aortic degeneration and sporadic AAD formation. METHODS The presence of cytosolic DNA in aortic cells and activation of the STING pathway were examined in aortic tissues from patients with sporadic ascending thoracic AAD. The role of STING in AAD development was evaluated in Sting-deficient (Stinggt/gt) mice in a sporadic AAD model induced by challenging mice with a combination of a high-fat diet and angiotensin II. We also examined the direct effects of STING on SMC death and macrophage activation in vitro. RESULTS In human sporadic AAD tissues, we observed the presence of cytosolic DNA in SMCs and macrophages and significant activation of the STING pathway. In the sporadic AAD model, Stinggt/gt mice showed significant reductions in challenge-induced aortic enlargement, dissection, and rupture in both the thoracic and abdominal aortic regions. Single-cell transcriptome analysis revealed that aortic challenge in wild-type mice induced the DNA damage response, the inflammatory response, dedifferentiation and cell death in SMCs, and matrix metalloproteinase expression in macrophages. These changes were attenuated in challenged Stinggt/gt mice. Mechanistically, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage in SMCs and the subsequent leak of DNA to the cytosol activated STING signaling, which induced cell death through apoptosis and necroptosis. In addition, DNA from damaged SMCs was engulfed by macrophages in which it activated STING and its target interferon regulatory factor 3, which directly induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression. We also found that pharmacologically inhibiting STING activation partially prevented AAD development. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that the presence of cytosolic DNA and subsequent activation of cytosolic DNA sensing adaptor STING signaling represent a key mechanism in aortic degeneration and that targeting STING may prevent sporadic AAD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Yidan Wang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Lin Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Pingping Ren
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Yanming Li
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Alon R Azares
- Molecular Cardiology Research Lab (A.R.A.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jiao Guo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Ketan B Ghaghada
- Department of Pediatric Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston (K.B.G., Z.A.S.)
| | | | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology (K.R., C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center (C.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yumei Li
- Human Genome Sequencing Center (Yumei Li, R.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (R.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics (R.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center (Yumei Li, R.C.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Keigi Fujiwara
- Department of Biostatistics and Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (K.F., J.A.)
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Biostatistics and Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Cardiology Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (K.F., J.A.)
| | - Joseph S Coselli
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Dianna M Milewicz
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (D.M.M.)
| | - Scott A LeMaire
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
| | - Ying H Shen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, M.Z., J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery (W.L., Y.W., L.Z., P.R., C.Z., Yanming Li, J.G., J.S.C., S.A.L., Y.H.S.), Texas Heart Institute, Houston
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Guo G, Sun Y, Hong R, Xiong J, Lu Y, Liu Y, Lu J, Zhang Z, Guo C, Nan Y, Huang Q. IKBKE enhances TMZ-chemoresistance through upregulation of MGMT expression in glioblastoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2019; 22:1252-1262. [PMID: 31865606 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-019-02251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive malignant type of brain tumor. Despite advances in diagnosis and therapy, the prognosis of patients with GBM has remained dismal. Multidrug resistance and high recurrence are two of the major challenges in successfully treating brain tumors. IKBKE (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon) is a major oncogenic protein in tumors and can inhibit glioblastoma cell proliferation, migration, and tumorigenesis. Our study aimed to investigate the mechanism of IKBKE enhancing the resistance of glioma cells to temozolomide. METHODS For the in vitro experiments, LN18 and U118 glioblastoma cells were treated with a combination of sh/oe-IKBKE lentivirus and TMZ. Cell proliferation was determined by the EdU assay and colony formation assays. Apoptosis was analyzed by the TUNEL assay. In vivo, LN18 NC and LN18 sh-IKBKE cells were implanted into the cerebrums of nude mice to detect the effect of combination therapy. The protein and mRNA levels were assayed by western blot, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that IKBKE enhances the resistance of glioblastoma cells to temozolomide (TMZ) by activating the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway to upregulate the expression of the DNA repair enzyme o6-methylguanine-dna methyltransferase (MGMT). In glioblastoma cells, IKBKE knockdown enhances apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation, clone formation, and tumor development in vivo induced by TMZ. However, overexpression of IKBKE reduces the effects of TMZ. CONCLUSION Our studies suggest that inhibition of IKBKE can enhance the therapeutic effect of TMZ on GBM in vitro and in vivo, providing new research directions and therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - R Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - J Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - J Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Province Qianfoshan Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315000, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Y Nan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China
| | - Q Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China. .,Key Laboratory of Post-Trauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Tianjin, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Injuries, Variations and Regeneration of Nervous System, Tianjin, China.
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He Q, Xia X, Yao K, Zeng J, Wang W, Wu Q, Tang R, Zou X. Amlexanox reversed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through IKKε inhibition of hepatic stellate cell. Life Sci 2019; 239:117010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.117010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wang L, Mazagova M, Pan C, Yang S, Brandl K, Liu J, Reilly SM, Wang Y, Miao Z, Loomba R, Lu N, Guo Q, Liu J, Yu RT, Downes M, Evans RM, Brenner DA, Saltiel AR, Beutler B, Schnabl B. YIPF6 controls sorting of FGF21 into COPII vesicles and promotes obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15184-15193. [PMID: 31289229 PMCID: PMC6660779 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1904360116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is an endocrine hormone that regulates glucose, lipid, and energy homeostasis. While gene expression of FGF21 is regulated by the nuclear hormone receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in the fasted state, little is known about the regulation of trafficking and secretion of FGF21. We show that mice with a mutation in the Yip1 domain family, member 6 gene (Klein-Zschocher [KLZ]; Yipf6KLZ/Y ) on a high-fat diet (HFD) have higher plasma levels of FGF21 than mice that do not carry this mutation (controls) and hepatocytes from Yipf6KLZ/Y mice secrete more FGF21 than hepatocytes from wild-type mice. Consequently, Yipf6KLZ/Y mice are resistant to HFD-induced features of the metabolic syndrome and have increased lipolysis, energy expenditure, and thermogenesis, with an increase in core body temperature. Yipf6KLZ/Y mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of FGF21 were no longer protected from diet-induced obesity. We show that YIPF6 binds FGF21 in the endoplasmic reticulum to limit its secretion and specifies packaging of FGF21 into coat protein complex II (COPII) vesicles during development of obesity in mice. Levels of YIPF6 protein in human liver correlate with hepatic steatosis and correlate inversely with levels of FGF21 in serum from patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). YIPF6 is therefore a newly identified regulator of FGF21 secretion during development of obesity and could be a target for treatment of obesity and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Wang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, Jiang Su, China;
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
| | - Magdalena Mazagova
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Chuyue Pan
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Hepatology, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang District, 100015 Beijing, China
| | - Katharina Brandl
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jun Liu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Zhaorui Miao
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Na Lu
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Qinglong Guo
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198 Nanjing, Jiang Su, China
| | - Ruth T Yu
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Michael Downes
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Ronald M Evans
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - David A Brenner
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Bruce Beutler
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093;
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161
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40
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Fulham MA, Ratna A, Gerstein RM, Kurt-Jones EA, Mandrekar P. Alcohol-induced adipose tissue macrophage phenotypic switching is independent of myeloid Toll-like receptor 4 expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 317:C687-C700. [PMID: 31268779 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00276.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease results from a combination of immune and metabolic pathogenic events. In addition to liver injury, chronic alcohol consumption also causes adipose tissue inflammation. The specific immune mechanisms that drive this process are unknown. Here, we sought to determine the role of the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in alcohol-induced adipose tissue inflammation. Using a model of chronic, multiple-binge alcohol exposure, we showed that alcohol-mediated accumulation of proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages was absent in global TLR4 knockout mice. Proinflammatory macrophage accumulation did not depend on macrophage TLR4 expression; LysMCre-driven deletion of Tlr4 from myeloid cells did not affect circulating endotoxin or the accumulation of M1 macrophages in adipose tissue following alcohol exposure. Proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine production in the adipose stromal vascular fraction also occurred independently of TLR4. Finally, the levels of other adipose immune cells, such as dendritic cells, neutrophils, B cells, and T cells, were modulated by chronic, multiple-binge alcohol and the presence of TLR4. Together, these data indicate that TLR4 expression on cells, other than myeloid cells, is important for the alcohol-induced increase in proinflammatory adipose tissue macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A Fulham
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anuradha Ratna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel M Gerstein
- Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Evelyn A Kurt-Jones
- Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.,Program in Innate Immunity, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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41
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Townsend LK, Medak KD, Peppler WT, Meers GM, Rector RS, LeBlanc PJ, Wright DC. High-saturated-fat diet-induced obesity causes hepatic interleukin-6 resistance via endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1236-1249. [PMID: 31085628 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m092510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between liver interleukin-6 (IL-6) resistance following high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and glucose intolerance is unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the temporal development of hepatic IL-6 resistance and the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in this process. We hypothesized that HFD would rapidly induce hepatic IL-6 resistance through a mechanism involving ER stress. Male C57BL/6N mice consumed chow or a HFD (60%) derived from lard (saturated) or olive oil (monounsaturated) for 4 days or 7 weeks before being injected intraperitoneally with IL-6 (6 ng·kg-1). Glucose, insulin, and pyruvate tolerance tests were used as proxies for systemic glucose metabolism and hepatic glucose production, respectively. Primary mouse hepatocytes were incubated with palmitate (saturated) and oleate (unsaturated) overnight, then treated with 20 ng/ml IL-6. ER stress was induced via tunicamycin or prevented by sodium phenylbutyrate (PBA). Seven weeks of a saturated, but not monounsaturated, HFD reduced hepatic IL-6 signaling in conjunction with hepatic ER stress. Palmitate directly impaired IL-6 signaling in hepatocytes along with inducing ER stress. Pharmacologically induced ER stress caused hepatic IL-6 resistance, whereas PBA reversed HFD-induced IL-6 resistance. Chronic HFD-induced obesity is associated with hepatic IL-6 resistance due to saturated FA-induced ER stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan K Townsend
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Kyle D Medak
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Willem T Peppler
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Grace M Meers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - R Scott Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine University of Missouri, Columbia, MO.,Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO
| | - Paul J LeBlanc
- Department of Health Sciences Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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42
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Thaane T, Motala AA, Mckune AJ. Lifestyle modification in the management of insulin resistance states in overweight/obesity: the role of exercise training. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/16089677.2019.1608054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tshidi Thaane
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ayesha A Motala
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Andrew J Mckune
- Discipline of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
- Collaborative Research in Bioactives and Biomarkers (CRIBB) Group, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
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43
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Shin CH, Choi DS. Essential Roles for the Non-Canonical IκB Kinases in Linking Inflammation to Cancer, Obesity, and Diabetes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020178. [PMID: 30791439 PMCID: PMC6406369 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-canonical IκB kinases (IKKs) TBK1 and IKKε have essential roles as regulators of innate immunity and cancer. Recent work has also implicated these kinases in distinctively controlling glucose homeostasis and repressing adaptive thermogenic and mitochondrial biogenic response upon obesity-induced inflammation. Additionally, TBK1 and IKKε regulate pancreatic β-cell regeneration. In this review, we summarize current data on the functions and molecular mechanisms of TBK1 and IKKε in orchestrating inflammation to cancer, obesity, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Hyun Shin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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44
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Brenner D, Sieverding K, Bruno C, Lüningschrör P, Buck E, Mungwa S, Fischer L, Brockmann SJ, Ulmer J, Bliederhäuser C, Philibert CE, Satoh T, Akira S, Boillée S, Mayer B, Sendtner M, Ludolph AC, Danzer KM, Lobsiger CS, Freischmidt A, Weishaupt JH. Heterozygous Tbk1 loss has opposing effects in early and late stages of ALS in mice. J Exp Med 2019; 216:267-278. [PMID: 30635357 PMCID: PMC6363427 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20180729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous loss-of-function mutations of TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1 ) cause familial ALS, yet downstream mechanisms of TBK1 mutations remained elusive. TBK1 is a pleiotropic kinase involved in the regulation of selective autophagy and inflammation. We show that heterozygous Tbk1 deletion alone does not lead to signs of motoneuron degeneration or disturbed autophagy in mice during a 200-d observation period. Surprisingly, however, hemizygous deletion of Tbk1 inversely modulates early and late disease phases in mice additionally overexpressing ALS-linked SOD1G93A , which represents a "second hit" that induces both neuroinflammation and proteostatic dysregulation. At the early stage, heterozygous Tbk1 deletion impairs autophagy in motoneurons and prepones both the clinical onset and muscular denervation in SOD1G93A/Tbk1+/- mice. At the late disease stage, however, it significantly alleviates microglial neuroinflammation, decelerates disease progression, and extends survival. Our results indicate a profound effect of TBK1 on brain inflammatory cells under pro-inflammatory conditions and point to a complex, two-edged role of TBK1 in SOD1-linked ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Brenner
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clara Bruno
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Patrick Lüningschrör
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Eva Buck
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Mungwa
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Lena Fischer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Ulmer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Clémentine E Philibert
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Takashi Satoh
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Séverine Boillée
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Sendtner
- Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, University Hospital of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | | | - Karin M Danzer
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian S Lobsiger
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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45
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Peppler WT, Townsend LK, Meers GM, Panasevich MR, MacPherson REK, Rector RS, Wright DC. Acute administration of IL-6 improves indices of hepatic glucose and insulin homeostasis in lean and obese mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2019; 316:G166-G178. [PMID: 30383412 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00097.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Obesity can lead to impairments in hepatic glucose and insulin homeostasis, and although exercise is an effective treatment, the molecular targets remain incompletely understood. As IL-6 is an exercise-inducible cytokine, we aimed to identify whether IL-6 itself influences hepatic glucose and insulin homeostasis and whether this response differs during obesity. In vivo, male mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD; 10% kcal) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 60% kcal) for 7 wk, which induced obesity and hepatic lipid accumulation. LFD- and HFD-fed mice were injected with IL-6 (400 ng, 75 min) or PBS and then with insulin (1 U/kg; ~15 min) or saline, at which point livers were collected. In both LFD- and HFD-fed mice, IL-6 decreased blood glucose and mRNA expression of gluconeogenic genes alongside increased phosphorylation of AKT in comparison to PBS controls, and this occurred without changes in circulating insulin. To determine whether this effect of IL-6 was directly on the liver, we completed in vitro isolated primary hepatocyte experiments from chow-fed mice and cultured with or without exposure to free fatty acid (250 μm palmitate and 250 μm oleate, 24 h) to induce lipid accumulation. In both control and free fatty acid-treated hepatocytes, IL-6 (20 ng/ml, 75 min) slightly attenuated insulin-stimulated (10 nM; ~15 min) AKT phosphorylation. Together, these data suggest that IL-6 may lead to improvements in indices of hepatic glucose and insulin homeostasis in vivo; however, this is likely due to an indirect effect on the hepatocyte. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In this study, we used lean and obese mice and found that a single injection of IL-6 improved glucose tolerance, decreased hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression, and increased hepatic phosphorylation of AKT. In primary hepatocytes cultured under control and lipid-laden conditions, IL-6 had a mild, but deleterious, effect on phosphorylation of AKT. Our results show that the beneficial effects of IL-6 on glucose and insulin homeostasis, in vivo, are maintained in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem T Peppler
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Logan K Townsend
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
| | - Grace M Meers
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | - Matthew R Panasevich
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - R Scott Rector
- Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri , Columbia, Missouri.,Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital , Columbia, Missouri
| | - David C Wright
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph , Guelph, Ontario , Canada
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46
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Beyett TS, Gan X, Reilly SM, Gomez AV, Chang L, Tesmer JJG, Saltiel AR, Showalter HD. Design, synthesis, and biological activity of substituted 2-amino-5-oxo-5H-chromeno[2,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid derivatives as inhibitors of the inflammatory kinases TBK1 and IKKε for the treatment of obesity. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5443-5461. [PMID: 30270002 PMCID: PMC6252132 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The non-canonical IκB kinases TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase ε (IKKε) play a key role in insulin-independent pathways that promote energy storage and block adaptive energy expenditure during obesity. Utilizing docking calculations and the x-ray structure of TBK1 bound to amlexanox, an inhibitor of these kinases with modest potency, a series of analogues was synthesized to develop a structure activity relationship (SAR) around the A- and C-rings of the core scaffold. A strategy was developed wherein R7 and R8 A-ring substituents were incorporated late in the synthetic sequence by utilizing palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions on appropriate bromo precursors. Analogues display IC50 values as low as 210 nM and reveal A-ring substituents that enhance selectivity toward either kinase. In cell assays, selected analogues display enhanced phosphorylation of p38 or TBK1 and elicited IL-6 secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes better than amlexanox. An analogue bearing a R7 cyclohexyl modification demonstrated robust IL-6 production in 3T3-L1 cells as well as a phosphorylation marker of efficacy and was tested in obese mice where it promoted serum IL-6 response, weight loss, and insulin sensitizing effects comparable to amlexanox. These studies provide impetus to expand the SAR around the amlexanox core toward uncovering analogues with development potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Beyett
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Xinmin Gan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0912, United States
| | - Andrew V Gomez
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0912, United States
| | - Louise Chang
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Life Sciences Institute, Departments of Pharmacology and Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0912, United States
| | - Hollis D Showalter
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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47
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Xu J, Jia YF, Tapadar S, Weaver JD, Raji IO, Pithadia DJ, Javeed N, García AJ, Choi DS, Matveyenko AV, Oyelere AK, Shin CH. Inhibition of TBK1/IKKε Promotes Regeneration of Pancreatic β-cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15587. [PMID: 30349097 PMCID: PMC6197228 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33875-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
β-cell proliferation induction is a promising therapeutic strategy to restore β-cell mass. By screening small molecules in a transgenic zebrafish model of type 1 diabetes, we identified inhibitors of non-canonical IκB kinases (IKKs), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and IκB kinase ε (IKKε), as enhancers of β-cell regeneration. The most potent β-cell regeneration enhancer was a cinnamic acid derivative (E)-3-(3-phenylbenzo[c]isoxazol-5-yl)acrylic acid (PIAA), which, acting through the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), stimulated β-cell-specific proliferation by increasing cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity. A combination of PIAA and cilostamide, an inhibitor of β-cell-enriched cAMP hydrolyzing enzyme phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3, enhanced β-cell proliferation, whereas overexpression of PDE3 blunted the mitogenic effect of PIAA in zebrafish. PIAA augmented proliferation of INS-1β-cells and β-cells in mammalian islets including human islets with elevation in cAMP levels and insulin secretion. PIAA improved glycemic control in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with increases in β-cell proliferation, β-cell area, and insulin content in the pancreas. Collectively, these data reveal an evolutionarily conserved and critical role of TBK1/IKKε suppression in expanding functional β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xu
- School of Biological Sciences and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Yun-Fang Jia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Subhasish Tapadar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Jessica D Weaver
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Idris O Raji
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Deeti J Pithadia
- School of Biological Sciences and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Andrés J García
- Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Chong Hyun Shin
- School of Biological Sciences and the Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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48
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Cho CS, Park HW, Ho A, Semple IA, Kim B, Jang I, Park H, Reilly S, Saltiel AR, Lee JH. Lipotoxicity induces hepatic protein inclusions through TANK binding kinase 1-mediated p62/sequestosome 1 phosphorylation. Hepatology 2018; 68:1331-1346. [PMID: 29251796 PMCID: PMC6005718 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Obesity commonly leads to hepatic steatosis, which often provokes lipotoxic injuries to hepatocytes that cause nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH, in turn, is associated with the accumulation of insoluble protein aggregates that are composed of ubiquitinated proteins and ubiquitin adaptor p62/sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1). Formation of p62 inclusions in hepatocytes is the critical marker that distinguishes simple fatty liver from NASH and predicts a poor prognostic outcome for subsequent liver carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanism by which lipotoxicity induces protein aggregation is currently unknown. Here, we show that, upon saturated fatty acid-induced lipotoxicity, TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is activated and phosphorylates p62. TBK1-mediated p62 phosphorylation is important for lipotoxicity-induced aggregation of ubiquitinated proteins and formation of large protein inclusions in hepatocytes. In addition, cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING), upstream regulators of TBK1, are involved in lipotoxic activation of TBK1 and subsequent p62 phosphorylation in hepatocytes. Furthermore, TBK1 inhibition prevented formation of ubiquitin-p62 aggregates not only in cultured hepatocytes, but also in mouse models of obesity and NASH. CONCLUSION These results suggest that lipotoxic activation of TBK1 and subsequent p62 phosphorylation are critical steps in the NASH pathology of protein inclusion accumulation in hepatocytes. This mechanism can provide an explanation for how hypernutrition and obesity promote the development of severe liver pathologies, such as steatohepatitis and liver cancer, by facilitating the formation of p62 inclusions. (Hepatology 2018).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Seok Cho
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hwan-Woo Park
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Department of Cell Biology, Myunggok Medical Research Institute, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon 35365, Republic of Korea
| | - Allison Ho
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ian A. Semple
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Boyoung Kim
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Insook Jang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Haeli Park
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shannon Reilly
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Alan R. Saltiel
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA,Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health, Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Beyett TS, Gan X, Reilly SM, Chang L, Gomez AV, Saltiel AR, Showalter HD, Tesmer JJG. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives of Amlexanox Display Enhanced Potency toward TBK1 and IKK ε and Reveal Mechanisms for Selective Inhibition. Mol Pharmacol 2018; 94:1210-1219. [PMID: 30082428 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.112185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation is a hallmark of obesity, which is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes. The drug amlexanox inhibits IκB kinase ε (IKKε) and TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) to promote energy expenditure and improve insulin sensitivity. Clinical studies have demonstrated efficacy in a subset of diabetic patients with underlying adipose tissue inflammation, albeit with moderate potency, necessitating the need for improved analogs. Herein we report crystal structures of TBK1 in complex with amlexanox and a series of analogs that modify its carboxylic acid moiety. Removal of the carboxylic acid or mutation of the adjacent Thr156 residue significantly reduces potency toward TBK1, whereas conversion to a short amide or ester nearly abolishes the inhibitory effects. IKKε is less affected by these modifications, possibly due to variation in its hinge that allows for increased conformational plasticity. Installation of a tetrazole carboxylic acid bioisostere improved potency to 200 and 400 nM toward IKKε and TBK1, respectively. Despite improvements in the in vitro potency, no analog produced a greater response in adipocytes than amlexanox, perhaps because of altered absorption and distribution. The structure-activity relationships and cocrystal structures described herein will aid in future structure-guided inhibitor development using the amlexanox pharmacophore for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler S Beyett
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Xinmin Gan
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Shannon M Reilly
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Louise Chang
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Andrew V Gomez
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - Hollis D Showalter
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
| | - John J G Tesmer
- Program in Chemical Biology (T.S.B.), Life Sciences Institute (T.S.B., L.C., J.J.G.T.), Departments of Medicinal Chemistry (X.G., H.D.S., J.J.G.T.), Pharmacology (J.J.G.T.), Biological Chemistry (J.J.G.T.), and Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, College of Pharmacy (X.G., H.D.S.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Institute for Diabetes and Metabolic Health (S.M.R., A.V.G., A.R.S.), Departments of Medicine (S.M.R., A.R.S.) and Pharmacology (A.V.G., A.R.S.), University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; and Departments of Biological Sciences and of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (J.J.G.T.)
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50
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Sponton CH, Kajimura S. Multifaceted Roles of Beige Fat in Energy Homeostasis Beyond UCP1. Endocrinology 2018; 159:2545-2553. [PMID: 29757365 PMCID: PMC6692864 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are an inducible form of thermogenic adipose cells that emerge within the white adipose tissue in response to a variety of environmental stimuli, such as chronic cold acclimation. Similar to brown adipocytes that reside in brown adipose tissue depots, beige adipocytes are also thermogenic; however, beige adipocytes possess unique, distinguishing characteristics in their developmental regulation and biological function. This review highlights recent advances in our understanding of beige adipocytes, focusing on the diverse roles of beige fat in the regulation of energy homeostasis that are independent of the canonical thermogenic pathway via uncoupling protein 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Sponton
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Shingo Kajimura
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, San Francisco, California
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
- Correspondence: Shingo Kajimura, PhD, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, 35 Medical Center Way, RMB1023, Box 0669, San Francisco, California 94143. E-mail:
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