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Legrand C, Peysselon M, Bidart M, Bouras A. Germline POT1 mutation and neuroblastoma: A mere coincidence or true association. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e31054. [PMID: 38706191 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Legrand
- Genetic Service, Department of Genetics and Procreation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Magalie Peysselon
- Genetic Service, Department of Genetics and Procreation, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Bidart
- Genetic Epigenetic and Therapies of Infertility, Institute for Advanced Biosciences INSERM U1209, CNRS UMR5309, Grenoble, France
- GCS AURAGEN, Lyon, France
| | - Ahmed Bouras
- GCS AURAGEN, Lyon, France
- Laboratory of Constitutional Genetics for Frequent Cancer HCL-CLB, Lyon, France
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2
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Baptista Freitas M, Desmyter L, Badoer C, Smits G, Vandernoot I, T Kint de Roodenbeke D. POT1 tumour predisposition: a broader spectrum of associated malignancies and proposal for additional screening program. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-024-01611-0. [PMID: 38839987 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-024-01611-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Protection of Telomeres Protein 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex, regulating telomere length. Some POT1 gene pathogenic variants (PV) lead to telomere elongation, genomic instability and higher risk of cancer. POT1 tumour predisposition syndrome (POT1-TPD) has autosomal dominant inheritance and unknown penetrance. It is associated with increased risk of cutaneous melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, angiosarcoma and gliomas. In this work, we aim to describe a broader cancer phenotype related to POT1-TPD, in three families (two with a four generation pedigree, one with a five generation pedigree). The three index cases were referred to our oncogenetic centre for genetic counselling due to their personal history of cancer. Two underwent clinical exome sequencing of 4,867 genes associated with Mendelian genetic diseases, and another underwent gene panel sequencing including POT1, which identified three different POT1 PV: NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.349C>T; NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.233T>C and NC_000007.14(NM_015450.2):c.818G>A; already described in the literature. Referenced relatives, did a target genetic test (according to the POT1 PV identified in the family). In total, 37 individuals were tested (51.4% females), median age of 46 (22-81) years, with POT1 PV detected in 22. POT1-TPD was observed, but also a higher incidence of other cancers (other sarcomas, papillary thyroid cancer, early onset prostate cancer and leukaemia). These findings contribute to an increase in our knowledge about POT1 PV, and it can play a role in the definition of future POT1 PV screening criteria, POT1 carrier surveillance protocols (possibly considering screening for all types of sarcomas) and in genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurence Desmyter
- Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cindy Badoer
- Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guillaume Smits
- Department of Genetics, Hôpital Universitaire Des Enfants Reine Fabiola, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vandernoot
- Center for Human Genetics, Hôpital Erasme, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Vagher J, Mehrhoff CJ, Florou V, Maese LD. Genetic Predisposition to Sarcoma: What Should Clinicians Know? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2024:10.1007/s11864-024-01192-6. [PMID: 38713268 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-024-01192-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Pathogenic germline variants in the setting of several associated cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) may lead to the development of sarcoma. We would consider testing for a CPS in patients with a strong family history of cancer, multiple primary malignancies, and/or pediatric/adolescent/young adult patients diagnosed with other malignancies strongly associated with CPS. When a CPS is diagnosed in a patient with sarcoma, additional treatment considerations and imaging options for those patients are required. This applies particularly to the use of radiation therapy, ionizing radiation with diagnostic imaging, and the use of alkylating chemotherapy. As data and guidelines are currently lacking for many of these scenarios, we have adopted a shared decision-making process with patients and their families. If the best chance for cure in a patient with CPS requires utilization of radiation therapy or alkylating chemotherapy, we discuss the risks with the patient but do not omit these modalities. However, if there are treatment options that yield equivalent survival rates, yet avoid these modalities, we elect for those options. Considering staging imaging and post-therapy evaluation for sarcoma recurrence, we avoid surveillance techniques that utilize ionizing radiation when possible but do not completely omit them when their use is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennie Vagher
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Casey J Mehrhoff
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA
| | - Vaia Florou
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Luke D Maese
- Department of Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Primary Children's Hospital, University of Utah, 100 Mario Capecchi Dr, Salt Lake City, UT, 84113, USA.
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4
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AlRasheed MM. Genetics of Cardiac Tumours: A Narrative Review. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:639-647. [PMID: 38161083 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac tumours can occur in association with genetic syndromes. Rhabdomyomas have been reported in association with tuberous sclerosis, myxomas with Carney's complex, cardiac fibromas with Gorlin syndrome, and paragangliomas with multiple endocrine neoplasm syndrome. The presentation and prognosis of cardiac tumours associated with genetic syndromes differ compared with sporadic cases. Knowledge about the associated syndromes' genetic features and extracardiac manifestations is essential for the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cardiac neoplasms. Moreover, identifying genetic mutations in benign and malignant cardiac tumours is needed to personalise management and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, this review discusses the genetic abnormalities associated with cardiac tumours, the current genetic screening recommendations, and the effect of those genetic mutations on the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha M AlRasheed
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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5
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Savage SA. Telomere length and cancer risk: finding Goldilocks. Biogerontology 2024; 25:265-278. [PMID: 38109000 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-023-10080-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Telomeres are the nucleoprotein complex at chromosome ends essential in genomic stability. Baseline telomere length (TL) is determined by rare and common germline genetic variants but shortens with age and is susceptible to certain environmental exposures. Cellular senescence or apoptosis are normally triggered when telomeres reach a critically short length, but cancer cells overcome these protective mechanisms and continue to divide despite chromosomal instability. Rare germline variants in telomere maintenance genes cause exceedingly short telomeres for age (< 1st percentile) and the telomere biology disorders, which are associated with elevated risks of bone marrow failure, myelodysplastic syndrome, acute myeloid leukemia, and squamous cell carcinoma of the head/neck and anogenital regions. Long telomeres due to rare germline variants in the same or different telomere maintenance genes are associated with elevated risks of other cancers, such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia or sarcoma. Early epidemiology studies of TL in the general population lacked reproducibility but new methods, including creation of a TL polygenic score using common variants, have found longer telomeres associated with excess risks of renal cell carcinoma, glioma, lung cancer, and others. It has become clear that when it comes to TL and cancer etiology, not too short, not too long, but "just right" telomeres are important in minimizing cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609 Medical Center Drive, 6E456, Bethesda, MD, 20892-6772, USA.
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6
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Andreotti V, Vanni I, Pastorino L, Ghiorzo P, Bruno W. Germline POT1 Variants: A Critical Perspective on POT1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:104. [PMID: 38254993 PMCID: PMC10815363 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Protection of Telomere 1 (POT1) gene was identified as a melanoma predisposition candidate nearly 10 years ago. Thereafter, various cancers have been proposed as associated with germline POT1 variants in the context of the so-called POT1 Predisposition Tumor Syndrome (POT1-TPD). While the key role, and related risks, of the alterations in POT1 in melanoma are established, the correlation between germline POT1 variants and the susceptibility to other cancers partially lacks evidence, due also to the rarity of POT1-TPD. Issues range from the absence of functional or segregation studies to biased datasets or the need for a revised classification of variants. Furthermore, a proposal of a surveillance protocol related to the cancers associated with POT1 pathogenic variants requires reliable data to avoid an excessive, possibly unjustified, burden for POT1 variant carriers. We propose a critical perspective regarding data published over the last 10 years that correlate POT1 variants to various types of cancer, other than cutaneous melanoma, to offer food for thought for the specialists who manage cancer predisposition syndromes and to stimulate a debate on the grey areas that have been exposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Andreotti
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Irene Vanni
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
| | - Lorenza Pastorino
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Ghiorzo
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - William Bruno
- Genetics of Rare Cancers, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo Rosanna Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (V.A.); (I.V.); (L.P.); (P.G.)
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), University of Genoa, V.le Benedetto XV 6, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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7
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Kakurai M, Ito S, Maeda A, Ogawa D, Honda R. Familial Cutaneous Angiosarcoma of the Head. Acta Derm Venereol 2023; 103:adv15314. [PMID: 37987628 PMCID: PMC10680977 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v103.15314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract is missing (Short communication)
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Kakurai
- Division of Dermatology, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jonan, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-0077, Japan
| | - Shusaku Ito
- Division of Dermatology, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jonan, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-0077, Japan.
| | - Akemi Maeda
- Division of Dermatology, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jonan, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-0077, Japan
| | - Daiki Ogawa
- Division of Dermatology, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jonan, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-0077, Japan
| | - Rie Honda
- Division of Dermatology, Hitachi General Hospital, 2-1-1 Jonan, Hitachi, Ibaraki 317-0077, Japan
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8
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Herrera-Mullar J, Fulk K, Brannan T, Yussuf A, Polfus L, Richardson ME, Horton C. Characterization of POT1 tumor predisposition syndrome: Tumor prevalence in a clinically diverse hereditary cancer cohort. Genet Med 2023; 25:100937. [PMID: 37466057 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2023.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Germline variants in POT1 have been implicated in predisposition to melanoma, sarcoma, and glioma in limited studies. Here, we determine the prevalence of cancer types in individuals with POT1 pathogenic variants (PVs) undergoing multigene panel testing (MGPT) for a broad variety of cancer indications. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of data provided on clinical documents from individuals with POT1 PVs identified via MGPT over a 5-year period. Tumor prevalence in POT1 PV heterozygotes was compared with MGPT-negative wild-type (WT) controls using χ2 test. RESULTS POT1 PVs were identified in 227 individuals. POT1 PV and WT (n = 13,315) cohorts had a similar proportion of reported tumors (69.6% and 69.2%, respectively); however, POT1 PV heterozygotes were more likely to be diagnosed with multiple tumors (18.9% vs 8.7%; P < .001). Compared with POT1 WT, we identified a significant increase in melanoma (odds ratio 7.03; 95% CI 4.7-10.5; P < .001) and sarcoma (odds ratio 6.6; 95% CI 3.1-13.9; P < .001). CONCLUSION This analysis of the largest POT1 PV cohort to date validates the inclusion of POT1 in hereditary cancer MGPT and has the potential to impact clinical management recommendations, particularly for patients and families at risk for melanoma and sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly Fulk
- Ambry Genetics 1 Enterprise, Aliso Viejo, CA
| | | | - Amal Yussuf
- Ambry Genetics 1 Enterprise, Aliso Viejo, CA
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Jensen MR, Jelsig AM, Gerdes AM, Hölmich LR, Kainu KH, Lorentzen HF, Hansen MH, Bak M, Johansson PA, Hayward NK, Van Overeem Hansen T, Wadt KA. TINF2 is a major susceptibility gene in Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma. HGG ADVANCES 2023; 4:100225. [PMID: 37646013 PMCID: PMC10461021 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
TINF2 encodes the TINF2 protein, which is a subunit in the shelterin complex critical for telomere regulation. Three recent studies have associated six truncating germline variants in TINF2 that have previously been associated with a cancer predisposition syndrome (CPS) caused by elongation of the telomeres. This has added TINF2 to the long telomere syndrome genes, together with other telomere maintenance genes such as ACD, POT1, TERF2IP, and TERT. We report a clinical study of 102 Danish patients with multiple primary melanoma (MPM) in which a germline truncating variant in TINF2 (p.(Arg265Ter)) was identified in four unrelated participants. The telomere lengths of three variant carriers were >90% percentile. In a routine diagnostic setting, the variant was identified in two more families, including an additional MPM patient and monozygotic twins with thyroid cancer and other cancer types. A total of 10 individuals from six independent families were confirmed carriers, all with cancer history, predominantly melanoma. Our findings suggest a major role of TINF2 in Danish patients with MPM. In addition to melanoma, other cancers in the six families include thyroid, renal, breast, and sarcoma, supporting a CPS in which melanoma, thyroid cancer, and sarcoma predominate. Further studies are needed to establish the full spectrum of associated cancer types and characterize lifetime cancer risk in carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Richter Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Marie Jelsig
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisbet Rosenkrantz Hölmich
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kati Hannele Kainu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Gentofte, Denmark
| | | | | | - Mads Bak
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Thomas Van Overeem Hansen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin A.W. Wadt
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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10
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Takasugi T, Gu P, Liang F, Staco I, Chang S. Pot1b -/- tumors activate G-quadruplex-induced DNA damage to promote telomere hyper-elongation. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9227-9247. [PMID: 37560909 PMCID: PMC10516629 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cancers must activate telomere maintenance mechanisms to achieve replicative immortality. Mutations in the human Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) gene are frequently detected in cancers with abnormally long telomeres, suggesting that the loss of POT1 function disrupts the regulation of telomere length homeostasis to promote telomere elongation. However, our understanding of the mechanisms leading to elongated telomeres remains incomplete. The mouse genome encodes two POT1 proteins, POT1a and POT1b possessing separation of hPOT1 functions. We performed serial transplantation of Pot1b-/- sarcomas to better understand the role of POT1b in regulating telomere length maintenance. While early-generation Pot1b-/- sarcomas initially possessed shortened telomeres, late-generation Pot1b-/- cells display markedly hyper-elongated telomeres that were recognized as damaged DNA by the Replication Protein A (RPA) complex. The RPA-ATR-dependent DNA damage response at telomeres promotes telomerase recruitment to facilitate telomere hyper-elongation. POT1b, but not POT1a, was able to unfold G-quadruplex present in hyper-elongated telomeres to repress the DNA damage response. Our findings demonstrate that the repression of the RPA-ATR DDR is conserved between POT1b and human POT1, suggesting that similar mechanisms may underly the phenotypes observed in human cancers harboring human POT1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Takasugi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Peili Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Fengshan Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Isabelle Staco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Sandy Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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11
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Sharaf R, Jin DX, Grady J, Napier C, Ebot E, Frampton GM, Albacker LA, Thomas DM, Montesion M. A pan-sarcoma landscape of telomeric content shows that alterations in RAD51B and GID4 are associated with higher telomeric content. NPJ Genom Med 2023; 8:26. [PMID: 37709802 PMCID: PMC10502097 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-023-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells need to activate a telomere maintenance mechanism, enabling limitless replication. The bulk of evidence supports that sarcomas predominantly use alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) mechanism, commonly associated with alterations in ATRX and DAXX. In our dataset, only 12.3% of sarcomas harbored alterations in these genes. Thus, we checked for the presence of other genomic determinants of high telomeric content in sarcomas. Our dataset consisted of 13555 sarcoma samples, sequenced as a part of routine clinical care on the FoundationOne®Heme platform. We observed a median telomeric content of 622.3 telomeric reads per GC-matched million reads (TRPM) across all samples. In agreement with previous studies, telomeric content was significantly higher in ATRX altered and POT1 altered sarcomas. We further observed that sarcomas with alterations in RAD51B or GID4 were enriched in samples with high telomeric content, specifically within uterus leiomyosarcoma for RAD51B and soft tissue sarcoma (not otherwise specified, nos) for GID4, Furthermore, RAD51B and POT1 alterations were mutually exclusive with ATRX and DAXX alterations, suggestive of functional redundancy. Our results propose a role played by RAD51B and GID4 in telomere elongation in sarcomas and open research opportunities for agents aimed at targeting this critical pathway in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Grady
- Omico Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christine Napier
- Omico Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ericka Ebot
- Foundation Medicine Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - David M Thomas
- Omico Australian Genomic Cancer Medicine, Sydney, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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12
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Simonin-Wilmer I, Ossio R, Leddin EM, Harland M, Pooley KA, Martil de la Garza MG, Obolenski S, Hewinson J, Wong CC, Iyer V, Taylor JC, Newton-Bishop JA, Bishop DT, Cisneros GA, Iles MM, Adams DJ, Robles-Espinoza CD. Population-based analysis of POT1 variants in a cutaneous melanoma case-control cohort. J Med Genet 2023; 60:692-696. [PMID: 36539277 PMCID: PMC10279804 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in the protection of telomeres 1 gene (POT1) have been associated with predisposition to a range of tumour types, including melanoma, glioma, leukaemia and cardiac angiosarcoma. We sequenced all coding exons of the POT1 gene in 2928 European-descent melanoma cases and 3298 controls, identifying 43 protein-changing genetic variants. We performed POT1-telomere binding assays for all missense and stop-gained variants, finding nine variants that impair or disrupt protein-telomere complex formation, and we further define the role of variants in the regulation of telomere length and complex formation through molecular dynamics simulations. We determine that POT1 coding variants are a minor contributor to melanoma burden in the general population, with only about 0.5% of melanoma cases carrying germline pathogenic variants in this gene, but should be screened in individuals with a strong family history of melanoma and/or multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irving Simonin-Wilmer
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Raul Ossio
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
| | - Emmett M Leddin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
| | - Mark Harland
- Section of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Karen A Pooley
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - James Hewinson
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- CeGaT GmbH, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Chi C Wong
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vivek Iyer
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - John C Taylor
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Institute for Data Analytics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Julia A Newton-Bishop
- Section of Epidemiolgy and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Timothy Bishop
- Section of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Gerardo Andrés Cisneros
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Mark M Iles
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Carla Daniela Robles-Espinoza
- Laboratorio Internacional de Investigación sobre el Genoma Humano, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, Qro, Mexico
- CASM, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
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13
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Zade NH, Khattar E. POT1 mutations cause differential effects on telomere length leading to opposing disease phenotypes. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:1237-1255. [PMID: 37183325 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The protection of telomere protein (POT1) is a telomere-binding protein and is an essential component of the six-membered shelterin complex, which is associated with the telomeres. POT1 directly binds to the 3' single-stranded telomeric overhang and prevents the activation of DNA damage response at telomeres thus preventing the telomere-telomere fusions and genomic instability. POT1 also plays a pivotal role in maintaining telomere length by regulating telomerase-mediated telomere elongation. Mutations in POT1 proteins result in three different telomere phenotypes, which include long, short, or aberrant telomere length. Long telomeres predispose individuals to cancer, while short or aberrant telomere phenotypes result in pro-aging diseases referred to as telomeropathies. Here, we review the function of POT1 proteins in telomere length hemostasis and how the spectrum of mutations reported in POT1 can be segregated toward developing very distinct disease phenotypes of cancer and telomeropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Harish Zade
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be) University, Mumbai, India
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14
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Vassiliou G. Telomere Length and Clonal Hematopoiesis. N Engl J Med 2023. [PMID: 37140164 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2303022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- George Vassiliou
- From the Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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15
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Subasri V, Light N, Kanwar N, Brzezinski J, Luo P, Hansford JR, Cairney E, Portwine C, Elser C, Finlay JL, Nichols KE, Alon N, Brunga L, Anson J, Kohlmann W, de Andrade KC, Khincha PP, Savage SA, Schiffman JD, Weksberg R, Pugh TJ, Villani A, Shlien A, Goldenberg A, Malkin D. Multiple Germline Events Contribute to Cancer Development in Patients with Li-Fraumeni Syndrome. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:738-754. [PMID: 37377903 PMCID: PMC10150777 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is an autosomal dominant cancer-predisposition disorder. Approximately 70% of individuals who fit the clinical definition of LFS harbor a pathogenic germline variant in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. However, the remaining 30% of patients lack a TP53 variant and even among variant TP53 carriers, approximately 20% remain cancer-free. Understanding the variable cancer penetrance and phenotypic variability in LFS is critical to developing rational approaches to accurate, early tumor detection and risk-reduction strategies. We leveraged family-based whole-genome sequencing and DNA methylation to evaluate the germline genomes of a large, multi-institutional cohort of patients with LFS (n = 396) with variant (n = 374) or wildtype TP53 (n = 22). We identified alternative cancer-associated genetic aberrations in 8/14 wildtype TP53 carriers who developed cancer. Among variant TP53 carriers, 19/49 who developed cancer harbored a pathogenic variant in another cancer gene. Modifier variants in the WNT signaling pathway were associated with decreased cancer incidence. Furthermore, we leveraged the noncoding genome and methylome to identify inherited epimutations in genes including ASXL1, ETV6, and LEF1 that confer increased cancer risk. Using these epimutations, we built a machine learning model that can predict cancer risk in patients with LFS with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.725 (0.633-0.810). Significance Our study clarifies the genomic basis for the phenotypic variability in LFS and highlights the immense benefits of expanding genetic and epigenetic testing of patients with LFS beyond TP53. More broadly, it necessitates the dissociation of hereditary cancer syndromes as single gene disorders and emphasizes the importance of understanding these diseases in a holistic manner as opposed to through the lens of a single gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vallijah Subasri
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas Light
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nisha Kanwar
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jack Brzezinski
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Luo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jordan R. Hansford
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Michael Rice Cancer Centre, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australia Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australia Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Cairney
- Department of Paediatrics, London Health Sciences Centre and Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine Elser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital and Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan L. Finlay
- Neuro-Oncology Program, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Noa Alon
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ledia Brunga
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jo Anson
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Wendy Kohlmann
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Kelvin C. de Andrade
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Payal P. Khincha
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sharon A. Savage
- Clinical Genetics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joshua D. Schiffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- PEEL Therapeutics, Inc., Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rosanna Weksberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Trevor J. Pugh
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Goldenberg
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- CIFAR: Child and Brain Development, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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16
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Loh JW, Lee JY, Lim AH, Guan P, Lim BY, Kannan B, Lee ECY, Gu NX, Ko TK, Ng CCY, Lim JCT, Yeong J, Lim JQ, Ong CK, Teh BT, Chan JY. Spatial transcriptomics reveal topological immune landscapes of Asian head and neck angiosarcoma. Commun Biol 2023; 6:461. [PMID: 37106027 PMCID: PMC10140281 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04856-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are rare malignant tumors of the endothelium, arising commonly from the head and neck region (AS-HN) and recently associated with ultraviolet (UV) exposure and human herpesvirus-7 infection. We examined 81 cases of angiosarcomas, including 47 cases of AS-HN, integrating information from whole genome sequencing, gene expression profiling and spatial transcriptomics (10X Visium). In the AS-HN cohort, we observed recurrent somatic mutations in CSMD3 (18%), LRP1B (18%), MUC16 (18%), POT1 (16%) and TP53 (16%). UV-positive AS-HN harbored significantly higher tumor mutation burden than UV-negative cases (p = 0.0294). NanoString profiling identified three clusters with distinct tumor inflammation signature scores (p < 0.001). Spatial transcriptomics revealed topological profiles of the tumor microenvironment, identifying dominant but tumor-excluded inflammatory signals in immune-hot cases and immune foci even in otherwise immune-cold cases. In conclusion, spatial transcriptomics reveal the tumor immune landscape of angiosarcoma, and in combination with multi-omic information, may improve implementation of treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui Wan Loh
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Yi Lee
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abner Herbert Lim
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peiyong Guan
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon Yee Lim
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bavani Kannan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ning Xin Gu
- MGI Tech Singapore PTE LTD, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tun Kiat Ko
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jeffrey Chun Tatt Lim
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency of Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Cancer Discovery Hub, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Oncology Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Mandelker D, Ladanyi M. Germline study points to sarcoma pathways. Science 2023; 379:238-239. [PMID: 36656937 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf8572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic variants related to mitosis and telomere integrity are enriched in sarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mandelker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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18
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Oh KS, Mahalingam M. Melanoma and Glioblastoma-Not a Serendipitous Association. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:00125480-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36624550 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, we came across a patient with malignant melanoma and primary glioblastoma. Given this, we parsed the literature to ascertain the relationship, if any, between these 2 malignancies. We begin with a brief overview of melanoma and glioma in isolation followed by a chronologic overview of case reports and epidemiologic studies documenting both neoplasms. This is followed by studies detailing genetic abnormalities common to both malignancies with a view to identifying unifying genetic targets for therapeutic strategies as well as to explore the possibility of a putative association and an inherited cancer susceptibility trait. From a scientific perspective, we believe we have provided evidence favoring an association between melanoma and glioma. Future studies that include documentation of additional cases, as well as a detailed molecular analyses, will lend credence to our hypothesis that the co-occurrence of these 2 conditions is likely not serendipitous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Shing Oh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL
| | - Meera Mahalingam
- Dermatopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, VA-Integrated-Service-Network-1 (VISN1), West Roxbury, MA
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19
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Bakr FS, Whittaker SJ. Advances in the understanding and treatment of Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1043254. [PMID: 36505788 PMCID: PMC9729763 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1043254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL) are a heterogeneous group of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) characterised by the clonal proliferation of malignant, skin homing T-cells. Recent advances have been made in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of CTCL. Multiple deep sequencing studies have revealed a complex genomic landscape with large numbers of novel single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs). Commonly perturbed genes include those involved in T-cell receptor signalling, T-cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, epigenetic regulators as well as genes involved in genome maintenance and DNA repair. In addition, studies in CTCL have identified a dominant UV mutational signature in contrast to systemic T-cell lymphomas and this likely contributes to the high tumour mutational burden. As current treatment options for advanced stages of CTCL are associated with short-lived responses, targeting these deregulated pathways could provide novel therapeutic approaches for patients. In this review article we summarise the key pathways disrupted in CTCL and discuss the potential therapeutic implications of these findings.
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20
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Hakkarainen M, Koski JR, Heckman CA, Anttila P, Silvennoinen R, Lievonen J, Kilpivaara O, Wartiovaara‐Kautto U. A germline exome analysis reveals harmful POT1 variants in multiple myeloma patients and families. EJHAEM 2022; 3:1352-1357. [PMID: 36467798 PMCID: PMC9713058 DOI: 10.1002/jha2.557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Observations of inherited susceptibility to multiple myeloma have led to active research in defining predisposing genes to the disease. Here, we analysed 128 plasma cell dyscrasia patients' germline whole-exome sequencing data. Rare dominantly inherited pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant was found in 9.4% of the patients. Among the P/LP variants, CHEK2 (p. Thr410MetfsTer15) was the most prevalent (n = 5, 3.9%). Interestingly, P/LP variants in POT1 were identified in three patients (2.3%). Our findings broaden the spectrum of POT1-related cancers and demonstrate the importance of the germline genetic analysis in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Hakkarainen
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Jessica R. Koski
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Caroline A. Heckman
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland ‐ FIMM, HiLIFE ‐ Helsinki institute of Life ScienceUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pekka Anttila
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Raija Silvennoinen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Juha Lievonen
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Outi Kilpivaara
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics/Medium, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine FlagshipUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic Center (Helsinki University Hospital), HUSLAB Laboratory of GeneticsHelsinkiFinland
| | - Ulla Wartiovaara‐Kautto
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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21
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Li Y, Xie Y, Wang D, Xu H, Ye J, Yin JC, Chen J, Yan J, Ye B, Chen C. Whole exome sequencing identified a novel POT1 variant as a candidate pathogenic allele underlying a Li-Fraumeni-like family. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963364. [PMID: 36387164 PMCID: PMC9664187 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) and Li-Fraumeni-like (LFL) syndrome are rare hereditary diseases characterized by predisposition to a diverse spectrum of cancer types, primarily sarcoma. The pathogenic variants underlying the majority of LFL cases remain to be explored. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) on 13 core members of a large LFL family with highly aggregated incidences of cancers, including cases with sarcoma, non-small cell lung cancer and cardiac angiosarcoma, and conducted a comprehensive literature review of candidate gene associations in LFS/LFL syndromes or sarcoma to identify potential pathogenic germline variants. RESULTS No germline variants in the best-known LFL/LFS-associated gene TP53 were detected. Of all the genes associated with LFS/LFL or sarcoma that we have surveyed, we identified a novel p.P35L germline variant in POT1 (protection of telomeres 1). Germline and somatic alterations in POT1 have been implicated in a series of familial cancers, including angiosarcoma, glioma, melanoma and colorectal cancer. This particular variant is located in the telomere-binding OB1 domain, which is important in maintaining the proper telomere length, and showed high conservation across different POT1 orthologues. No record of the variant was found in any of the 1000 genomes, ExAC, gnomAD, dpSNP and COSMIC databases. Prediction algorithms and in silico structural analysis suggested completely disrupted protein structure and function of POT1 in the presence of this mutation. CONCLUSIONS Leveraging WES, we identified a novel germline risk allele, p.P35L in POT1, that likely predisposes to LFL syndrome. Our results support the routine testing of POT1 and other LFL/LFS-associated genes in the risk populations to enable early cancer diagnosis, prevention and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Li
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yupeng Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Di Wang
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junru Ye
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani C. Yin
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junrong Yan
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Ye
- Medical Department, Nanjing Geneseeq Technology Inc., Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengshui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Interventional Pulmonology of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China,*Correspondence: Chengshui Chen,
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22
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Benusiglio PR. The European Journal of Human Genetics is turning 30: a selection of major cancer genetics papers published by the Journal. Eur J Hum Genet 2022; 30:1097-1099. [PMID: 36221025 PMCID: PMC9554035 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-022-01148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick R Benusiglio
- UF d'Oncogénétique Clinique, Département de Génétique Médicale et Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, 47-83 boulevard de l'Hôpital, F-75013, Paris, France.
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 938 et SIRIC CURAMUS, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Equipe Instabilité des Microsatellites et Cancer, 184 rue du Faubourg Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France.
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23
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Jain P, Iyer S, Straka J, Surrey LF, Pogoriler J, Han H, Smith T, Busch C, Fox E, Li M, Waanders AJ, Resnick A, Davare MA. Discovery and functional characterization of the oncogenicity and targetability of a novel NOTCH1-ROS1 gene fusion in pediatric angiosarcoma. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2022; 8:mcs.a006222. [PMID: 36307212 PMCID: PMC9632357 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are rare, malignant soft tissue tumors in children that arise in a wide range of anatomical locations and have limited targeted therapies available. Here, we report a rare case of a pediatric angiosarcoma (pAS) with Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) expressing a novel NOTCH1-ROS1 gene fusion. Although both NOTCH1 and ROS1 are established proto-oncogenes, our study is the first to describe the mechanistic role of NOTCH1-ROS1 fusion arising via intrachromosomal rearrangement. NOTCH1-ROS1 displayed potent neoplastic transformation propensity in vitro, and harbors tumorigenic potential in vivo, where it induced oncogenic activation of the MAPK, PI3K/mTOR, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in a murine allograft model. We found an unexpected contribution of the NOTCH1 extracellular region in mediating NOTCH1-ROS1 activation and oncogenic function, highlighting the contribution of both NOTCH1 and ROS1 fusion partners in driving tumorigenicity. Interestingly, neither membrane localization nor fusion protein dimerization were found to be essential for NOTCH1-ROS1 fusion oncogenicity. To target NOTCH1-ROS1-driven tumors, we tested both NOTCH1-directed inhibitors and ROS1-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) in heterologous models (NIH3T3, Ba/F3). Although NOTCH1 inhibitors did not suppress NOTCH1-ROS1-driven oncogenic growth, we found that oral entrectinib treatment effectively suppressed the growth of NOTCH-ROS1-driven tumors. Taken together, we report the first known pAS case with a novel NOTCH1-ROS1 alteration along with a detailed report on the function and therapeutic targeting of NOTCH1-ROS1. Our study highlights the importance of genomic profiling of rare cancers such as pAS to reveal actionable drivers and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Jain
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Sudarshan Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Joshua Straka
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lea F. Surrey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Pogoriler
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Harry Han
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tiffany Smith
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christine Busch
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fox
- Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Marilyn Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Angela J. Waanders
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA;,Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
| | - Adam Resnick
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;,Division of Neurosurgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Monika A. Davare
- Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
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24
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Fanelli A, Marconato L, Licenziato L, Minoli L, Rouquet N, Aresu L. POT1 mutations are frequent and associated with Ki-67 index in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:968807. [PMID: 36016811 PMCID: PMC9396242 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.968807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents one of the most frequent and deadliest neoplasia in dogs worldwide and is characterized by a remarkable degree of clinical heterogeneity, with poor chances to anticipate the outcome. Even if in the last years some recurrently mutated genes have been identified, the genetic origin of canine DLBCL (cDLBCL) is not yet completely understood. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of POT1 mutations in cDLBCL and to elucidate the role of such gene in the pathogenesis of this tumor. Mutations in POT1 were retrieved in 34% of cases, in line with previous reports, but no significant associations with any clinico-pathological variable were identified. Likewise, POT1 mutations are not predictive of worse prognosis. Interestingly, Ki-67 index was significantly higher in dogs harboring POT1 mutations compared to wild-type ones. These results suggest that POT1 mutations may exert their pathogenic role in cDLBCL by promoting cellular proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Fanelli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonella Fanelli
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Licenziato
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Minoli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Luca Aresu
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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25
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Subramaniam A, Giani C, Napolitano A, Ravi V, Frezza AM, Jones RL. Management of Vascular Sarcoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2022; 31:485-510. [PMID: 35715146 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2022.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Vascular sarcomas encompass 3 well-defined sarcoma types: hemangioendothelioma, Kaposi sarcoma, and angiosarcoma. These distinct types are exceedingly rare and very different in terms of clinical behavior, biological features, and treatment approach. Because of this rarity and heterogeneity, it is crucial that vascular sarcomas are treated in sarcoma reference centers or networks, in order to ensure optimal management. The diversity of vascular sarcomas also needs to be taken into account in the design of clinical trials, in order to produce meaningful results that can be consistently translated into everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Subramaniam
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0450, FC12.3044, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Claudia Giani
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Napolitano
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
| | - Vinod Ravi
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1400 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0450, FC12.3044, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Anna Maria Frezza
- Medical Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Via Giacomo Venezian 1, Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Robin L Jones
- Sarcoma Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JJ, UK
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26
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Martínez P, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Ferrara-Romeo I, Serrano R, Flores JM, Blasco MA. A mouse model for Li-Fraumeni-Like Syndrome with cardiac angiosarcomas associated to POT1 mutations. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010260. [PMID: 35727838 PMCID: PMC9212151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The shelterin protein POT1 has been found mutated in many different familial and sporadic cancers, however, no mouse models to understand the pathobiology of these mutations have been developed so far. To address the molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenic effects of POT1 mutant proteins in humans, we have generated a mouse model for the human POT1R117C mutation found in Li-Fraumeni-Like families with cases of cardiac angiosarcoma by introducing this mutation in the Pot1a endogenous locus, knock-in for Pot1aR117C. We find here that both mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and tissues from Pot1a+/ki mice show longer telomeres than wild-type controls. Longer telomeres in Pot1a+/ki MEFs are dependent on telomerase activity as they are not found in double mutant Pot1a+/kiTert-/- telomerase-deficient MEFs. By using complementation assays we further show that POT1a pR117C exerts dominant-negative effects at telomeres. As in human Li-Fraumeni patients, heterozygous Pot1a+/ki mice spontaneously develop a high incidence of angiosarcomas, including cardiac angiosarcomas, and this is associated to the presence of abnormally long telomeres in endothelial cells as well as in the tumors. The Pot1a+/R117C mouse model constitutes a useful tool to understand human cancers initiated by POT1 mutations. We have generated a mouse model for the human POT1R117C mutation found in Li-Fraumeni-Like (LFL) families with cases of cardiac angiosarcoma by introducing this mutation in the Pot1a endogenous locus, knock-in for Pot1aR117C. The Pot1a+/ki mice show longer telomeres than wild-type controls. Longer telomeres in mutant mice are dependent on telomerase activity as they are not found in a telomerase deficient background. As in human Li-Fraumeni patients, heterozygous Pot1a+/ki mice spontaneously develop a high incidence of angiosarcomas, including cardiac angiosarcomas, and this is associated to the presence of abnormally long telomeres in endothelial cells as well as in the tumors. The ki-Pot1aR117C mouse constitutes a potential pre-clinical mouse model for LFL syndrome presenting with high angiosarcoma incidence that could provide in the future a very useful tool for the study of treatments for these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Martínez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sánchez-Vázquez
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iole Ferrara-Romeo
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Serrano
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M. Flores
- Animal Surgery and Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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27
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Kao EY, McEwen AE, Aden JK, Schaub SK, Ricciotti RW, Mantilla JG. Clinical and Pathologic Characterization of 94 Radiation-Associated Sarcomas: Our Institutional Experience. Int J Surg Pathol 2022:10668969221105626. [PMID: 35695212 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Radiation-associated sarcomas are an uncommon complication of therapeutic radiation. However, their prevalence has increased with the more widespread use of this treatment modality. The clinical, pathologic and genetic characteristics of radiation-associated sarcomas are not fully understood. In this study we describe the features of 94 radiation-associated sarcomas reviewed at our institution between 1993 and 2018, evaluate their overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes, and compare them with their sporadic counterparts reviewed within the same time period. Histologic subtypes of all radiation-associated sarcomas included 31 (33%) undifferentiated sarcomas, 20 (21%) osteosarcomas, 17 (18%) angiosarcomas, 10 (11%) malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), 9 (10%) leiomyosarcomas, 4 (4%) myxofibrosarcomas, and 3 (3%) rhabdomyosarcomas. Six patients had a documented cancer predisposition syndrome. The most common preceding neoplasms included adenocarcinoma (47%) and squamous cell carcinoma (19%), with a mean latency of 13 years. Multivariable Cox survival analysis demonstrated that advanced stage at diagnosis based on pT category (AJCC eighth edition) and fragmented resection were associated with worse survival outcomes. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in PFS between radiation-associated undifferentiated sarcomas and MPNST when compared to their sporadic counterparts using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log-rank analysis. Overall, our study shows that radiation-associated sarcomas comprise a wide clinico-pathologic spectrum of disease, with a tendency for aggressive clinical behavior. This study further delineates the understanding of these uncommon diseases. Future studies are necessary to better understand the genetic and epigenetic changes that drive the differences in behavior between these tumors and their sporadic counterparts, and to offer better treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Y Kao
- Department of Pathology, 377811San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Abbye E McEwen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James K Aden
- Graduate Medical Education, 377811San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Stephanie K Schaub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert W Ricciotti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jose G Mantilla
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, 7284University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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28
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Identification of a Cancer-Predisposing Germline POT1 p.Ile49Metfs*7 Variant by Targeted Sequencing of a Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040591. [PMID: 35456397 PMCID: PMC9028718 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline disruptive variants in Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) predispose to a wide variety of cancers, including melanoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), Hodgkin lymphoma, myeloproliferative neoplasms, and glioma. We report the first case of splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) arising in a patient with a germline POT1 variant: a 65-year-old male with an extensive history of cancer, including melanoma and papillary thyroid carcinoma, who presented with circulating atypical lymphocytosis. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 20% involvement by a CD5−CD10− B-cell lymphoma that was difficult to classify. During the clinical workup of his low-grade lymphoma, targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) identified POT1 p.I49Mfs*7 (NM_015450:c. 147delT) at a variant allele frequency (VAF) of 51%. NGS of skin fibroblasts confirmed the POT1 variant was germline. This likely pathogenic POT1 loss-of-function variant has only been reported once before as a germline variant in a patient with glioma and likely represents one of the most deleterious germline POT1 variants ever linked to familial cancer. The spectrum of cancers associated with germline pathogenic POT1 variants (i.e., autosomal dominant POT1 tumor predisposition syndrome) should potentially be expanded to include SMZL, a disease often associated with the loss of chromosome 7q: the location of the POT1 genetic locus (7q31.33).
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29
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Telomeres and Cancer. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11121405. [PMID: 34947936 PMCID: PMC8704776 DOI: 10.3390/life11121405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are indispensable chromatin structures for genome protection and replication. Telomere length maintenance has been attributed to several functional modulators, including telomerase, the shelterin complex, and the CST complex, synergizing with DNA replication, repair, and the RNA metabolism pathway components. As dysfunctional telomere maintenance and telomerase activation are associated with several human diseases, including cancer, the molecular mechanisms behind telomere length regulation and protection need particular emphasis. Cancer cells exhibit telomerase activation, enabling replicative immortality. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activation is involved in cancer development through diverse activities other than mediating telomere elongation. This review describes the telomere functions, the role of functional modulators, the implications in cancer development, and the future therapeutic opportunities.
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30
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Spaner DE. O-GlcNAcylation in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and Other Blood Cancers. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772304. [PMID: 34868034 PMCID: PMC8639227 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past decade, aberrant O-GlcNAcylation has emerged as a new hallmark of cancer. O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification that results when the amino-sugar β-D-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is made in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and covalently attached to serine and threonine residues in intracellular proteins by the glycosyltransferase O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAc moieties reflect the metabolic state of a cell and are removed by O-GlcNAcase (OGA). O-GlcNAcylation affects signaling pathways and protein expression by cross-talk with kinases and proteasomes and changes gene expression by altering protein interactions, localization, and complex formation. The HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also recognized to mediate survival of cells in harsh conditions. Consequently, O-GlcNAcylation can affect many of the cellular processes that are relevant for cancer and is generally thought to promote tumor growth, disease progression, and immune escape. However, recent studies suggest a more nuanced view with O-GlcNAcylation acting as a tumor promoter or suppressor depending on the stage of disease or the genetic abnormalities, proliferative status, and state of the p53 axis in the cancer cell. Clinically relevant HBP and OGA inhibitors are already available and OGT inhibitors are in development to modulate O-GlcNAcylation as a potentially novel cancer treatment. Here recent studies that implicate O-GlcNAcylation in oncogenic properties of blood cancers are reviewed, focusing on chronic lymphocytic leukemia and effects on signal transduction and stress resistance in the cancer microenvironment. Therapeutic strategies for targeting the HBP and O-GlcNAcylation are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Maleszewski JJ, Basso C, Bois MC, Glass C, Klarich KW, Leduc C, Padera RF, Tavora F. The 2021 WHO Classification of Tumors of the Heart. J Thorac Oncol 2021; 17:510-518. [PMID: 34774791 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Maleszewski
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Melanie C Bois
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Carolyn Glass
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kyle W Klarich
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Charles Leduc
- Department of Pathology and Cellular Biology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fabio Tavora
- Department of Pathology, Argos Laboratory/Messejana Heart and Lung Hospital, Fortaleza, Brazil
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32
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Olkinuora AP, Peltomäki PT, Aaltonen LA, Rajamäki K. From APC to the genetics of hereditary and familial colon cancer syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R206-R224. [PMID: 34329396 PMCID: PMC8490010 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes attributable to high penetrance mutations represent 9-26% of young-onset CRC cases. The clinical significance of many of these mutations is understood well enough to be used in diagnostics and as an aid in patient care. However, despite the advances made in the field, a significant proportion of familial and early-onset cases remains molecularly uncharacterized and extensive work is still needed to fully understand the genetic nature of CRC susceptibility. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing and associated methods, several predisposition loci have been unraveled, but validation is incomplete. Individuals with cancer-predisposing mutations are currently enrolled in life-long surveillance, but with the development of new treatments, such as cancer vaccinations, this might change in the not so distant future for at least some individuals. For individuals without a known cause for their disease susceptibility, prevention and therapy options are less precise. Herein, we review the progress achieved in the last three decades with a focus on how CRC predisposition genes were discovered. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical implications of these discoveries and anticipate what to expect in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa P Olkinuora
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi T Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Distinct functions of POT1 proteins contribute to the regulation of telomerase recruitment to telomeres. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5514. [PMID: 34535663 PMCID: PMC8448735 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25799-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human shelterin components POT1 and TPP1 form a stable heterodimer that protects telomere ends from ATR-dependent DNA damage responses and regulates telomerase-dependent telomere extension. Mice possess two functionally distinct POT1 proteins. POT1a represses ATR/CHK1 DNA damage responses and the alternative non-homologous end-joining DNA repair pathway while POT1b regulates C-strand resection and recruits the CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complex to telomeres to mediate C-strand fill-in synthesis. Whether POT1a and POT1b are involved in regulating the length of the telomeric G-strand is unclear. Here we demonstrate that POT1b, independent of its CST function, enhances recruitment of telomerase to telomeres through three amino acids in its TPP1 interacting C-terminus. POT1b thus coordinates the synthesis of both telomeric G- and C-strands. In contrast, POT1a negatively regulates telomere length by inhibiting telomerase recruitment to telomeres. The identification of unique amino acids between POT1a and POT1b helps us understand mechanistically how human POT1 switches between end protective functions and promoting telomerase recruitment.
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34
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Familial Melanoma and Susceptibility Genes: A Review of the Most Common Clinical and Dermoscopic Phenotypic Aspect, Associated Malignancies and Practical Tips for Management. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163760. [PMID: 34442055 PMCID: PMC8397216 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A family history of melanoma greatly increases the risk of developing cutaneous melanoma, a highly aggressive skin cancer whose incidence has been steadily increasing worldwide. Familial melanomas account for about 10% of all malignant melanomas and display an inheritance pattern consistent with the presence of pathogenic germline mutations, among which those involving CDKN2A are the best characterized. In recent years, a growing number of genes, such as MC1R, MITF, CDK4, POT1, TERT, ACD, TERF2IP, and BAP1, have been implicated in familial melanoma. The fact that individuals harboring these germline mutations along with their close blood relatives have a higher risk of developing multiple primary melanomas as well as other internal organ malignancies, especially pancreatic cancer, makes cascade genetic testing and surveillance of these families of the utmost importance. Unfortunately, due to a polygenic inheritance mechanism involving multiple low-risk alleles, genetic modifiers, and environmental factors, it is still very difficult to predict the presence of these mutations. It is, however, known that germline mutation carriers can sometimes develop specific clinical traits, such as high atypical nevus counts and specific dermoscopic features, which could theoretically help clinicians predict the presence of these mutations in prone families. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the high- and intermediate-penetrance genes primarily linked to familial melanoma, highlighting their most frequently associated non-cutaneous malignancies and clinical/dermoscopic phenotypes.
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35
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Khodadadi E, Mir SM, Memar MY, Sadeghi H, Kashiri M, Faeghiniya M, Jamalpoor Z, Sheikh Arabi M. Shelterin complex at telomeres: Roles in cancers. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Sharma S, Mukherjee AK, Roy SS, Bagri S, Lier S, Verma M, Sengupta A, Kumar M, Nesse G, Pandey DP, Chowdhury S. Human telomerase is directly regulated by non-telomeric TRF2-G-quadruplex interaction. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109154. [PMID: 34010660 PMCID: PMC7611063 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) remains suppressed in most normal somatic cells. Resulting erosion of telomeres leads eventually to replicative senescence. Reactivation of hTERT maintains telomeres and triggers progression of >90% of cancers. However, any direct causal link between telomeres and telomerase regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that the telomere-repeat-binding-factor 2 (TRF2) binds hTERT promoter G-quadruplexes and recruits the polycomb-repressor EZH2/PRC2 complex. This is causal for H3K27 trimethylation at the hTERT promoter and represses hTERT in cancer as well as normal cells. Two highly recurrent hTERT promoter mutations found in many cancers, including ∼83% glioblastoma multiforme, that are known to destabilize hTERT promoter G-quadruplexes, showed loss of TRF2 binding in patient-derived primary glioblastoma multiforme cells. Ligand-induced G-quadruplex stabilization restored TRF2 binding, H3K27-trimethylation, and hTERT re-suppression. These results uncover a mechanism of hTERT regulation through a telomeric factor, implicating telomere-telomerase molecular links important in neoplastic transformation, aging, and regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Sharma
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Ananda Kishore Mukherjee
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Shuvra Shekhar Roy
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Sulochana Bagri
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Silje Lier
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Antara Sengupta
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Imaging Facility, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Gaute Nesse
- Department of Microbiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Shantanu Chowdhury
- Integrative and Functional Biology Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; GNR Knowledge Centre for Genome and Informatics, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India; CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi 110025, India.
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The Power of Stress: The Telo-Hormesis Hypothesis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051156. [PMID: 34064566 PMCID: PMC8151059 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptative response to stress is a strategy conserved across evolution to promote survival. In this context, the groundbreaking findings of Miroslav Radman on the adaptative value of changing mutation rates opened new avenues in our understanding of stress response. Inspired by this work, we explore here the putative beneficial effects of changing the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, the telomeres, in response to stress. We first summarize basic principles in telomere biology and then describe how various types of stress can alter telomere structure and functions. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of stress-induced telomere signaling with hormetic effects.
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Jalali A, Yu K, Beechar V, Bosquez Huerta NA, Grichuk A, Mehra D, Lozzi B, Kong K, Scott KL, Rao G, Bainbridge MN, Bondy ML, Deneen B. POT1 Regulates Proliferation and Confers Sexual Dimorphism in Glioma. Cancer Res 2021; 81:2703-2713. [PMID: 33782098 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Germline POT1 mutations are found in a spectrum of cancers and confer increased risk. Recently, we identified a series of novel germline POT1 mutations that predispose carrier families to the development of glioma. Despite these strong associations, how these glioma-associated POT1 mutations contribute to glioma tumorigenesis remains undefined. Here we show that POT1-G95C increases proliferation in glioma-initiating cells in vitro and in progenitor populations in the developing brain. In a native mouse model of glioma, loss of Pot1a/b resulted in decreased survival in females compared with males. These findings were corroborated in human glioma, where low POT1 expression correlated with decreased survival in females. Transcriptomic and IHC profiling of Pot1a/b-deficient glioma revealed that tumors in females exhibited decreased expression of immune markers and increased expression of cell-cycle signatures. Similar sex-dependent trends were observed in human gliomas that had low expression of POT1. Together, our studies demonstrate context-dependent functions for POT1 mutation or loss in driving progenitor proliferation in the developing brain and sexual dimorphism in glioma. SIGNIFICANCE: This study shows that manipulation of POT1 expression in glioma has sex-specific effects on tumorigenesis and associated immune signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jalali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kwanha Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Vivek Beechar
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Navish A Bosquez Huerta
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony Grichuk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Deepika Mehra
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Brittney Lozzi
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kathleen Kong
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Kenneth L Scott
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew N Bainbridge
- Rady Children's Institute of Genomic Medicine, Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, California
| | - Melissa L Bondy
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. .,Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.,Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
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Chan JY, Lim JQ, Yeong J, Ravi V, Guan P, Boot A, Tay TKY, Selvarajan S, Md Nasir ND, Loh JH, Ong CK, Huang D, Tan J, Li Z, Ng CCY, Tan TT, Masuzawa M, Sung KWK, Farid M, Quek RHH, Tan NC, Teo MCC, Rozen SG, Tan P, Futreal A, Teh BT, Soo KC. Multiomic analysis and immunoprofiling reveal distinct subtypes of human angiosarcoma. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:5833-5846. [PMID: 33016928 DOI: 10.1172/jci139080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiosarcomas are rare, clinically aggressive tumors with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. We analyzed angiosarcomas from 68 patients, integrating information from multiomic sequencing, NanoString immuno-oncology profiling, and multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence for tumor-infiltrating immune cells. Through whole-genome sequencing (n = 18), 50% of the cutaneous head and neck angiosarcomas exhibited higher tumor mutation burden (TMB) and UV mutational signatures; others were mutationally quiet and non-UV driven. NanoString profiling revealed 3 distinct patient clusters represented by lack (clusters 1 and 2) or enrichment (cluster 3) of immune-related signaling and immune cells. Neutrophils (CD15+), macrophages (CD68+), cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), Tregs (FOXP3+), and PD-L1+ cells were enriched in cluster 3 relative to clusters 2 and 1. Likewise, tumor inflammation signature (TIS) scores were highest in cluster 3 (7.54 vs. 6.71 vs. 5.75, respectively; P < 0.0001). Head and neck angiosarcomas were predominant in clusters 1 and 3, providing the rationale for checkpoint immunotherapy, especially in the latter subgroup with both high TMB and TIS scores. Cluster 2 was enriched for secondary angiosarcomas and exhibited higher expression of DNMT1, BRD3/4, MYC, HRAS, and PDGFRB, in keeping with the upregulation of epigenetic and oncogenic signaling pathways amenable to targeted therapies. Molecular and immunological dissection of angiosarcomas may provide insights into opportunities for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yongsheng Chan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Blood Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | - Jing Quan Lim
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joe Yeong
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore
| | - Vinod Ravi
- Department of Sarcoma Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peiyong Guan
- Integrated Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Programme
| | - Arnoud Boot
- Integrated Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Programme.,Centre for Computational Biology, and
| | | | | | | | - Jie Hua Loh
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Choon Kiat Ong
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Dachuan Huang
- Lymphoma Genomic Translational Research Laboratory, Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Tan
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhimei Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cedric Chuan-Young Ng
- Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Thuan Tong Tan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Mikio Masuzawa
- Department of Regulation Biochemistry, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Minato City, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Wing-Kin Sung
- Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore.,School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mohamad Farid
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Blood Cancer Centre, Singapore
| | | | - Ngian Chye Tan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, Singapore
| | | | - Steven George Rozen
- Integrated Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Programme.,Centre for Computational Biology, and.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Patrick Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore
| | - Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Singapore.,Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.,Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, Division of Medical Sciences National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre Singapore
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division of Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore.,SingHealth Duke-NUS Head and Neck Centre, Singapore
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40
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Tomasova K, Kroupa M, Forsti A, Vodicka P, Vodickova L. Telomere maintenance in interplay with DNA repair in pathogenesis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Mutagenesis 2021; 35:261-271. [PMID: 32083302 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geaa005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) continues to be one of the leading malignancies and causes of tumour-related deaths worldwide. Both impaired DNA repair mechanisms and disrupted telomere length homeostasis represent key culprits in CRC initiation, progression and prognosis. Mechanistically, altered DNA repair results in the accumulation of mutations in the genome and, ultimately, in genomic instability. DNA repair also determines the response to chemotherapeutics in CRC treatment, suggesting its utilisation in the prediction of therapy response and individual approach to patients. Telomere attrition resulting in replicative senescence, simultaneously by-passing cell cycle checkpoints, is a hallmark of malignant transformation of the cell. Telomerase is almost ubiquitous in advanced solid cancers, including CRC, and its expression is fundamental to cell immortalisation. Therefore, there is a persistent effort to develop therapeutics, which are telomerase-specific and gentle to non-malignant tissues. However, in practice, we are still at the level of clinical trials. The current state of knowledge and the route, which the research takes, gives us a positive perspective that the problem of molecular models of telomerase activation and telomere length stabilisation will finally be solved. We summarise the current literature herein, by pointing out the crosstalk between proteins involved in DNA repair and telomere length homeostasis in relation to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Tomasova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kroupa
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Asta Forsti
- Hopp Children's Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Department of Molecular Biology of Cancer, Institute of Experimental Medicine, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, Praha, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Center in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Alej Svobody, Plzeň, Czech Republic.,Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Albertov, Praha, Czech Republic
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41
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Active and Passive Destabilization of G-Quadruplex DNA by the Telomere POT1-TPP1 Complex. J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166846. [PMID: 33549587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chromosome ends are protected by guanosine-rich telomere DNA that forms stable G-quadruplex (G4) structures. The heterodimeric POT1-TPP1 complex interacts specifically with telomere DNA to shield it from illicit DNA damage repair and to resolve secondary structure that impedes telomere extension. The mechanism by which POT1-TPP1 accomplishes these tasks is poorly understood. Here, we establish the kinetic framework for POT1-TPP1 binding and unfolding of telomere G4 DNA. Our data identify two modes of POT1-TPP1 destabilization of G4 DNA that are governed by protein concentration. At low concentrations, POT1-TPP1 passively captures transiently unfolded G4s. At higher concentrations, POT1-TPP1 proteins bind to G4s to actively destabilize the DNA structures. Cancer-associated POT1-TPP1 mutations impair multiple reaction steps in this process, resulting in less efficient destabilization of G4 structures. The mechanistic insight highlights the importance of cell cycle dependent expression and localization of the POT1-TPP1 complex and distinguishes diverse functions of this complex in telomere maintenance.
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42
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Henslee G, Williams CL, Liu P, Bertuch AA. Identification and characterization of novel ACD variants: modulation of TPP1 protein level offsets the impact of germline loss-of-function variants on telomere length. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:a005454. [PMID: 33446513 PMCID: PMC7903889 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a005454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere biology disorders, largely characterized by telomere lengths below the first centile for age, are caused by variants in genes associated with telomere replication, structure, or function. One of these genes, ACD, which encodes the shelterin protein TPP1, is associated with both autosomal dominantly and autosomal recessively inherited telomere biology disorders. TPP1 recruits telomerase to telomeres and stimulates telomerase processivity. Several studies probing the effect of various synthetic or patient-derived variants have mapped specific residues and regions of TPP1 that are important for interaction with TERT, the catalytic component of telomerase. However, these studies have come to differing conclusions regarding ACD haploinsufficiency. Here, we report a proband with compound heterozygous novel variants in ACD (NM_001082486.1)-c.505_507delGAG, p.(Glu169del); and c.619delG, p.(Asp207Thrfs*22)-and a second proband with a heterozygous chromosomal deletion encompassing ACD: arr[hg19] 16q22.1(67,628,846-67,813,408)x1. Clinical data, including symptoms and telomere length within the pedigrees, suggested that loss of one ACD allele was insufficient to induce telomere shortening or confer clinical features. Further analyses of lymphoblastoid cell lines showed decreased nascent ACD RNA and steady-state mRNA, but normal TPP1 protein levels, in cells containing heterozygous ACD c.619delG, p.(Asp207Thrfs*22), or the ACD-encompassing chromosomal deletion compared to controls. Based on our results, we conclude that cells are able to compensate for loss of one ACD allele by activating a mechanism to maintain TPP1 protein levels, thus maintaining normal telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Henslee
- Baylor College of Medicine, Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Christopher L Williams
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas 77021, USA
| | - Alison A Bertuch
- Baylor College of Medicine, Integrated Molecular and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Texas Children's Hospital, Cancer and Hematology Centers, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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43
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A Single Center Retrospective Review of Patients from Central Italy Tested for Melanoma Predisposition Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249432. [PMID: 33322357 PMCID: PMC7763813 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) is one of the most common skin cancers worldwide. CMM pathogenesis involves genetic and environmental factors. Recent studies have led to the identification of new genes involved in CMM susceptibility: beyond CDKN2A and CDK4, BAP1, POT1, and MITF were recently identified as potential high-risk melanoma susceptibility genes. This study is aimed to evaluate the genetic predisposition to CMM in patients from central Italy. From 1998 to 2017, genetic testing was performed in 888 cases with multiple primary melanoma and/or familial melanoma. Genetic analyses included the sequencing CDKN2A, CDK4, BAP1, POT1, and MITF in 202 cases, and of only CDKN2A and CDK4 codon 24 in 686 patients. By the evaluation of the personal and familial history, patients were divided in two clinical categories: “low significance” and “high significance” cases. 128 patients (72% belonging to the “high significance” category, 28% belonging to the “low significance” category) were found to carry a DNA change defined as pathogenic, likely pathogenic, variant of unknown significance (VUS)-favoring pathogenic or VUS. It is important to verify the genetic predisposition in CMM patients for an early diagnosis of further melanomas and/or other tumors associated with the characterized genotype.
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Nathan V, Johansson PA, Palmer JM, Hamilton HR, Howlie M, Brooks KM, Hayward NK, Pritchard AL. A rare missense variant in protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) predisposes to a range of haematological malignancies. Br J Haematol 2020; 192:e57-e60. [PMID: 33216348 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Nathan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter A Johansson
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Palmer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hayley R Hamilton
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Madeleine Howlie
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kelly M Brooks
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas K Hayward
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Antonia L Pritchard
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,University of Highlands and Islands, Inverness, Scotland
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Replication stress conferred by POT1 dysfunction promotes telomere relocalization to the nuclear pore. Genes Dev 2020; 34:1619-1636. [PMID: 33122293 PMCID: PMC7706707 DOI: 10.1101/gad.337287.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Pinzaru et al. set out to uncover the pathways that enable the proliferation of cells expressing cancer-associated POT1 mutations. Using complementary genetic and proteomic approaches, the authors identify a conserved function for the NPC in resolving replication defects at telomere loci. Mutations in the telomere-binding protein POT1 are associated with solid tumors and leukemias. POT1 alterations cause rapid telomere elongation, ATR kinase activation, telomere fragility, and accelerated tumor development. Here, we define the impact of mutant POT1 alleles through complementary genetic and proteomic approaches based on CRISPR interference and biotin-based proximity labeling, respectively. These screens reveal that replication stress is a major vulnerability in cells expressing mutant POT1, which manifests as increased telomere mitotic DNA synthesis at telomeres. Our study also unveils a role for the nuclear pore complex in resolving replication defects at telomeres. Depletion of nuclear pore complex subunits in the context of POT1 dysfunction increases DNA damage signaling, telomere fragility and sister chromatid exchanges. Furthermore, we observed telomere repositioning to the nuclear periphery driven by nuclear F-actin polymerization in cells with POT1 mutations. In conclusion, our study establishes that relocalization of dysfunctional telomeres to the nuclear periphery is critical to preserve telomere repeat integrity.
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46
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Identification of Germline Mutations in Melanoma Patients with Early Onset, Double Primary Tumors, or Family Cancer History by NGS Analysis of 217 Genes. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8100404. [PMID: 33050356 PMCID: PMC7601281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8100404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is the deadliest skin malignity with a rising prevalence worldwide. Patients carrying germline mutations in melanoma-susceptibility genes face an increased risk of melanoma and other cancers. To assess the spectrum of germline variants, we analyzed 264 Czech melanoma patients indicated for testing due to early melanoma (at <25 years) or the presence of multiple primary melanoma/melanoma and other cancer in their personal and/or family history. All patients were analyzed by panel next-generation sequencing targeting 217 genes in four groups: high-to-moderate melanoma risk genes, low melanoma risk genes, cancer syndrome genes, and other genes with an uncertain melanoma risk. Population frequencies were assessed in 1479 population-matched controls. Selected POT1 and CHEK2 variants were characterized by functional assays. Mutations in clinically relevant genes were significantly more frequent in melanoma patients than in controls (31/264; 11.7% vs. 58/1479; 3.9%; p = 2.0 × 10−6). A total of 9 patients (3.4%) carried mutations in high-to-moderate melanoma risk genes (CDKN2A, POT1, ACD) and 22 (8.3%) patients in other cancer syndrome genes (NBN, BRCA1/2, CHEK2, ATM, WRN, RB1). Mutations in high-to-moderate melanoma risk genes (OR = 52.2; 95%CI 6.6–413.1; p = 3.2 × 10−7) and in other cancer syndrome genes (OR = 2.3; 95%CI 1.4–3.8; p = 0.003) were significantly associated with melanoma risk. We found an increased potential to carry these mutations (OR = 2.9; 95%CI 1.2–6.8) in patients with double primary melanoma, melanoma and other primary cancer, but not in patients with early age at onset. The analysis revealed affected genes in Czech melanoma patients and identified individuals who may benefit from genetic testing and future surveillance management of mutation carriers.
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Wu Y, Poulos RC, Reddel RR. Role of POT1 in Human Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102739. [PMID: 32987645 PMCID: PMC7598640 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The segmentation of eukaryotic genomes into discrete linear chromosomes requires processes to solve several major biological problems, including prevention of the chromosome ends being recognized as DNA breaks and compensation for the shortening that occurs when linear DNA is replicated. A specialized set of six proteins, collectively referred to as shelterin, is involved in both of these processes, and mutations in several of these are now known to be involved in cancer. Here, we focus on Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1), the shelterin protein that appears to be most commonly involved in cancer, and consider the clinical significance of findings about its biological functions and the prevalence of inherited and acquired mutations in the POT1 gene. Abstract Telomere abnormalities facilitate cancer development by contributing to genomic instability and cellular immortalization. The Protection of Telomeres 1 (POT1) protein is an essential subunit of the shelterin telomere binding complex. It directly binds to single-stranded telomeric DNA, protecting chromosomal ends from an inappropriate DNA damage response, and plays a role in telomere length regulation. Alterations of POT1 have been detected in a range of cancers. Here, we review the biological functions of POT1, the prevalence of POT1 germline and somatic mutations across cancer predisposition syndromes and tumor types, and the dysregulation of POT1 expression in cancers. We propose a framework for understanding how POT1 abnormalities may contribute to oncogenesis in different cell types. Finally, we summarize the clinical implications of POT1 alterations in the germline and in cancer, and possible approaches for the development of targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxiu Wu
- Cancer Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
- ProCan® Cancer Data Science Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Rebecca C. Poulos
- ProCan® Cancer Data Science Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
| | - Roger R. Reddel
- Cancer Research Unit, Children’s Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-8865-2901
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48
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Belhadj S, Terradas M, Munoz-Torres PM, Aiza G, Navarro M, Capellá G, Valle L. Candidate genes for hereditary colorectal cancer: Mutational screening and systematic review. Hum Mutat 2020; 41:1563-1576. [PMID: 32449991 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide approaches applied for the identification of new hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) genes, identified several potential causal genes, including RPS20, IL12RB1, LIMK2, POLE2, MRE11, POT1, FAN1, WIF1, HNRNPA0, SEMA4A, FOCAD, PTPN12, LRP6, POLQ, BLM, MCM9, and the epigenetic inactivation of PTPRJ. Here we attempted to validate the association between variants in these genes and nonpolyposis CRC by performing a mutational screening of the genes and PTPRJ promoter methylation analysis in 473 familial/early-onset CRC cases, a systematic review of the published cases, and assessment of allele frequencies in control population. In the studied cohort, 24 (5%) carriers of (predicted) deleterious variants in the studied genes and no constitutional PTPRJ epimutations were identified. Assessment of allele frequencies in controls compared with familial/early-onset patients with CRC showed association with increased nonpolyposis CRC risk of disruptive variants in RPS20, IL12RB1, POLE2, MRE11 and POT1, and of FAN1 c.149T>G (p.Met50Arg). Lack of association was demonstrated for LIMK2, PTPN12, LRP6, PTPRJ, POLQ, BLM, MCM9 and FOCAD variants. Additional studies are required to provide conclusive evidence for SEMA4A, WIF1, HNRNPA0 c.-110G>C, and FOCAD large deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Belhadj
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariona Terradas
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau M Munoz-Torres
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Aiza
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Matilde Navarro
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Gabriel Capellá
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Laura Valle
- Hereditary Cancer Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Program in Molecular Mechanisms and Experimental Therapy in Oncology (Oncobell), IDIBELL, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Spain
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MiR-185 targets POT1 to induce telomere dysfunction and cellular senescence. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:14791-14807. [PMID: 32687062 PMCID: PMC7425516 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Protection of telomere 1 (POT1), the telomeric single-stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein in the shelterin complex, has been implicated in the DNA damage response, tumorigenesis and aging. Telomere dysfunction induced by telomere deprotection could accelerate cellular senescence in primary human cells. While previous work demonstrated the biological mechanism of POT1 in aging and cancer, how POT1 is posttranscriptionally regulated remains largely unknown. To better understand the POT1 regulatory axis, we performed bioinformatic prediction, and selected candidates were further confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Collectively, our results revealed that miR-185 can significantly reduce POT1 mRNA and protein levels by directly targeting the POT1 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR). Overexpression of miR-185 increased telomere dysfunction-induced foci (TIF) signals in both cancer cells and primary human fibroblasts. Elevated miR-185 led to telomere elongation in the telomerase-positive cell line HTC75, which was phenotypically consistent with POT1 knocking down. Moreover, miR-185 accelerated the replicative senescence process in primary human fibroblasts in a POT1-dependent manner. Interestingly, increased serum miR-185 could represent a potential aging-related biomarker. Taken together, our findings reveal miR-185 as a novel aging-related miRNA that targets POT1 and provide insight into the telomere and senescence regulatory network at both the intracellular and extracellular levels.
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Fernandes SG, Dsouza R, Pandya G, Kirtonia A, Tergaonkar V, Lee SY, Garg M, Khattar E. Role of Telomeres and Telomeric Proteins in Human Malignancies and Their Therapeutic Potential. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1901. [PMID: 32674474 PMCID: PMC7409176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are the ends of linear chromosomes comprised of repetitive nucleotide sequences in humans. Telomeres preserve chromosomal stability and genomic integrity. Telomere length shortens with every cell division in somatic cells, eventually resulting in replicative senescence once telomere length becomes critically short. Telomere shortening can be overcome by telomerase enzyme activity that is undetectable in somatic cells, while being active in germline cells, stem cells, and immune cells. Telomeres are bound by a shelterin complex that regulates telomere lengthening as well as protects them from being identified as DNA damage sites. Telomeres are transcribed by RNA polymerase II, and generate a long noncoding RNA called telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), which plays a key role in regulating subtelomeric gene expression. Replicative immortality and genome instability are hallmarks of cancer and to attain them cancer cells exploit telomere maintenance and telomere protection mechanisms. Thus, understanding the role of telomeres and their associated proteins in cancer initiation, progression and treatment is very important. The present review highlights the critical role of various telomeric components with recently established functions in cancer. Further, current strategies to target various telomeric components including human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) as a therapeutic approach in human malignancies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Rebecca Dsouza
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Sook Y. Lee
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signaling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore; (V.T.); (S.Y.L.)
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem Cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201313, India; (G.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM’s NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai 400056, India; (S.G.F.); (R.D.)
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