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Dadkhah A, Jafari S, Bagheri SM, Ebrahimi A. Association between mesenteric panniculitis and urolithiasis. Emerg Radiol 2024:10.1007/s10140-024-02255-9. [PMID: 38969913 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-024-02255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric panniculitis is a rare condition and refers to benign and nonspecific inflammation of mesenteric fat. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis of a greater prevalence of mesenteric panniculitis in patients with urolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, abdominopelvic CT scans of 500 patients were reviewed for the presence of urolithiasis and mesenteric panniculitis. The inclusion criteria were patients who were referred with acute abdominal pain and were suspected of having urolithiasis or other urinary conditions and who had undergone abdominopelvic CT scan. Subcutaneous fat thickness was measured, and pain intensity was recorded by patient evaluation. RESULTS Mesenteric panniculitis was found in 10 patients, all of whom (100%) had urinary stones (ureter or kidney or both), and none of them had previous surgeries or known malignancies. The prevalence of panniculitis was significantly greater in the group with urolithiasis. In the urolithiasis group, subcutaneous fat thickness was greater in patients with panniculitis, although the difference was not statistically significant. In the subgroup analysis, pain intensity was not significantly greater in patients with panniculitis. CONCLUSION Mesenteric panniculitis is more prevalent among patients with urolithiasis, but it seems that it does not change the intensity of the pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeleh Dadkhah
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niyayesh St, Shahrara, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Jafari
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Morteza Bagheri
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Radiology, Hasheminejad Kidney Center (HKC), University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ebrahimi
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Radiology, Hazrate Rasoul Akram Hospital, Niyayesh St, Shahrara, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu G, Bao L, Chen C, Xu J, Cui X. The implication of mesenteric functions and the biological effects of nanomaterials on the mesentery. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:12868-12879. [PMID: 37492026 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02494f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
A growing number of nanomaterials are being broadly used in food-related fields as well as therapeutics. Oral exposure to these widespread nanomaterials is inevitable, with the intestine being a major target organ. Upon encountering the intestine, these nanoparticles can cross the intestinal barrier, either bypassing cells or via endocytosis pathways to enter the adjacent mesentery. The intricate structure of the mesentery and its entanglement with the abdominal digestive organs determine the final fate of nanomaterials in the human body. Importantly, mesentery-governed dynamic processes determine the distribution and subsequent biological effects of nanomaterials that cross the intestine, thus there is a need to understand how nanomaterials interact with the mesentery. This review presents the recent progress in understanding the mesenteric structure and function and highlights the importance of the mesentery in health and disease, with a focus on providing new insights and research directions around the biological effects of nanomaterials on the mesentery. A thorough comprehension of the interactions between nanomaterials and the mesentery will facilitate the design of safer nanomaterial-containing products and the development of more effective nanomedicines to combat intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Bao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianfu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China.
| | - Xuejing Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety & CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- The GBA National Institute for Nanotechnology Innovation, Guangzhou 510700, Guangdong, China
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Mesenteric panniculitis is associated with cardiovascular risk-factors: A case-control study. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:1657-1661. [PMID: 35853820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluated the prevalence of cardiovascular risk-factors in patients with mesenteric panniculitis. AIMS To determine whether cardiovascular risk-factors and mesenteric panniculitis are associated. METHODS Retrospective, matched case-control study of patients referred to Meir Medical Center, Israel, 2014-2019, who underwent computerized tomography scan, were diagnosed mesenteric panniculitis by radiologic criteria. They were compared to two, matched case-control groups: hospitalized patients without mesenteric panniculitis and the general population based on Israeli Ministry of Health surveys. Patients with active malignancy, IBD or significant intra-abdominal morbidity were excluded. RESULTS Of 376 patients with mesenteric panniculitis diagnosed by computerized tomography, 187 were included. Compared to hospital patients, they had higher incidence of dyslipidemia (77.5%/56.7%), hypertension (52.4%/40.6%), obesity (body mass index>30) (60.4%/30.5%) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (42.2%/16.6%). Similar differences were observed compared to the general population. In multivariable logistic regression, dyslipidemia, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were independent predictors for mesenteric panniculitis. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mesenteric panniculitis have more cardiovascular risk-factors compared to a case-control group and to the general population. This suggests that mesenteric panniculitis is clinically significant and may be part of the metabolic morbidity burden. This association should be further explored.
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Impact of oral lipid and glucose tolerance tests on the postprandial concentrations of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptl) 3 and 4. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:1919-1929. [PMID: 34951653 PMCID: PMC9106616 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02748-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background The postprandial regulation of angiopoietin-like proteins (Angptls) and their expression in adipocytes is poorly characterized. Objective Circulating Angptl3 and 4 were analyzed in healthy individuals undergoing either an oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT; n = 98) or an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; n = 99). Venous blood was drawn after 0, 2, 4, and 6 h during OLTT and after 0, 1, and 2 h during OGTT. Anthropometric and laboratory parameters were assessed and concentrations of Angptls were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Angptl gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and in murine adipose tissues and cellular fractions was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Angptl3 concentrations significantly decreased while Angptl4 levels continuously increased during OLTT. Both proteins remained unaffected during OGTT. Angptl3 and Angptl4 were expressed in murine subcutaneous and visceral AT with higher mRNA levels in mature adipocytes when compared to the stroma-vascular cell fraction. Both proteins were strongly induced during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation and they were unresponsive to glucose in mature fat cells. Adipocyte Angptl3 (but not Angptl4) mRNA expression was inhibited by the polyunsaturated fatty acids arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, whereas nine types of dietary fatty acids remained without any effect. Conclusions There is evidence of short-time regulation of Angptl3/4 levels upon metabolic stress. Angptl4 expression is high and Angptl3 expression is low in AT and restricted mainly to mature adipocytes without any differences concerning fat compartments. Whereas dietary fatty acids and glucose are without any effect, omega-3/-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids inhibited Anptl3 expression in adipocytes.
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Paolillo FR, Campos TYTB, Alvarez C, Sene-Fiorese M, Bagnato VS, de Oliveira Duarte ACG, Parizotto NA. Synergic effects of ultrasound and laser therapies on mesentery for management of obesity and diabetes in rats. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2021; 14:e202100109. [PMID: 34363327 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the mesentery as a new organ was discovered. Mesenteric events may play an important role in the pathophysiology of several diseases. The aim of our study was investigate the synergic effects of ultrasound (US) and laser therapies on mesentery in obese-hyperglycemic rats. The 25 male Wistar rats were randomized into five groups. Obese nondiabetic (OND) group: obese rats without diabetes and no treatment conditions; SHAM group: obese-hyperglycemic rats treated with placebo; US group: obese-hyperglycemic rats treated with US; LASER group: obese-hyperglycemic rats treated with laser and; US+LASER group: obese-hyperglycemic rats treated with US plus laser. An animal model of type 2 diabetes based on a hyperlipidemic diet combined with a low dose of streptozotocin was used in this study. Body mass and biochemical measurements were performed. GOT and GPT level showed a significant reduction in the treated groups than SHAM. The total cholesterol, triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels showed significantly lower values for the US+LASER group. There was also reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases evidenced by Castelli index in the treated groups than SHAM. This study showed that the US and laser treatment on mesentery resulted to an improvement in biochemical measurements of the obese-hyperglycemic rats, especially the total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rossi Paolillo
- Group of Technology Applied to Health and Motricity Sciences, State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos, Brazil
| | | | - Carolina Alvarez
- Optics Group from São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Marcela Sene-Fiorese
- Department of Physical Education and Human Motricity, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
- Optics Group from São Carlos Institute of Physics (IFSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Nivaldo Antonio Parizotto
- Electrothermophototherapy Laboratory, Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of Paraíba (UFPB), João Pessoa, Brazil
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Wu ZX, Wang F, Li L, Yao Y, Long J, Luo QQ, Zhao ZB, Li WL, Cao J, Lian ZX. The Clinical Significance of Mesenteric Lymphocytes in Human Colorectal Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685577. [PMID: 34604029 PMCID: PMC8481834 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The mesentery is a potential site of residual tumor in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the mesenteric immune microenvironment remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the immune landscape of the mesentery, particularly the role of lymphocytes and its association with the clinicopathological characteristics of CRC. Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect lymphocytes in the paired mesenteric tissue specimens adjacent to the colorectal tumors and normal mesenteric tissue specimens 10 cm away from the colorectal tumor edge and preoperative peripheral blood samples obtained from patients with CRC who underwent surgery. T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding was utilized to analyze multiparameter flow cytometry data. Multiplex immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate T cells subsets in the paired mesentery adjacent to the colorectal tumors and normal mesentery. The Fisher’s exact test and non-parametric Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs tests were used for statistical analysis. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine associations between percentage data and clinical parameters of patients with CRC. Results We found that immune cells in the normal mesentery were mainly of lymphoid lineage. Compared with peripheral blood, the normal mesentery showed decreased NK cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio and increased CD3+ CD56+, memory CD4+ T, memory CD8+ T, CD4+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM), and CD8+ TRM cells. Compared with the normal mesentery, the mesentery adjacent to the colorectal tumor showed increased B and regulatory T cells and decreased NK, CD3+ CD56+, CD4+ TRM, and CD8+ TRM cells. Moreover, memory CD8+ T cells and plasmablasts are negatively correlated with the depth of invasion of CRC. Increased memory CD4+ T cells are associated with distant metastasis of CRC and high preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Conclusion The mesentery shows a specific immune microenvironment, which differs from that observed in peripheral blood. CRC can alter the mesenteric immune response to promote tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Xin Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Li
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Long
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Qing Luo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang-Lin Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Xiong Lian
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
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Meteorin-Like Protein (Metrnl) in Obesity, during Weight Loss and in Adipocyte Differentiation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194338. [PMID: 34640356 PMCID: PMC8509786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is an adipo-myokine with pleiotropic effects in adipose tissue (AT). Its systemic regulation in obesity and under weight loss is unclear. Circulating Metrnl concentrations were analyzed by ELISA in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) or low calorie diet (LCD). Metrnl mRNA expression was analyzed in human and murine tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR. About 312 morbidly obese individuals underwent BS (n = 181; BMI 53.4 + 6.8 kg/m2) or LCD (n = 131; BMI 43.5 + 6.7 kg/m2). Serum samples were obtained at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. AT specimen from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were resected during BS. Serum Metrnl levels were lower in type 2 diabetic patients and negatively correlated with HbA1c. In BS and LCD patients, Metrnl concentrations significantly increased after 3 months and returned to baseline levels after 12 months. There was no gender-specific effect. Metrnl mRNA expression did not differ between visceral and subcutaneous AT in n = 130 patients. In contrast, Metrnl gene expression in mice was highest in intra-abdominal AT followed by subcutaneous, peri-renal, and brown AT. In the murine 3T3-L1 cell line, Metrnl expression was high in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes with a transient downregulation during adipocyte differentiation. Metrnl expression remained unaffected upon treatment with glucose, insulin, fatty acids, bile acids, and incretins. Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids downregulated Metrnl expression. Systemic Metrnl is transiently upregulated during massive weight loss and gene expression in adipocytes is differentially regulated.
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García-Pérez-de-Sevilla G, Pérez-Chao EA, Pareja-Galeano H, Martínez-Jiménez EM, de-la-Plaza-San-Frutos M, Sánchez-Pinto-Pinto B, Romero-Morales C. Impact of lifestyle on health-related quality of life among young university students: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2021; 139:443-451. [PMID: 34287512 PMCID: PMC9632534 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2021.0138.r2.120321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle is strongly involved in the pathogenesis and progression of non-communicable diseases, and has a great impact on quality of life. The goal of the present study was to analyze the lifestyle and body composition (BC) of young university students during the pandemic, and their relationship with health-related quality of life (HrQoL). DESIGN AND SETTING Observational cross-sectional study conducted in the Universidad Europea de Madrid, Spain. METHODS A total sample of 56 healthy university students was recruited. Activity, sitting time, adherence to Mediterranean diet and BC were measured. RESULTS Regarding BC, only 5% and 10.7% of the subjects had health risk values for waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio, respectively. The mean daily sitting-time was 8.26 hours, while 19.64% of the subjects spent . 10 hours per day sitting. 92.86% of the subjects complied with the World Health Organization 2020 physical activity recommendations. The mean PREDIMED score was 7.41, while 51.8% of the subjects had low adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Regarding HrQoL, 22 subjects (39.2%) and 26 subjects (46.4%) were in the lowest quintile of physical component summary and mental component summary, respectively, according to the reference values for their age range. There was a negative correlation between physical function and sitting time (r = -0.38). CONCLUSIONS There were high levels of sedentary behavior and low HrQoL values, with a negative moderate correlation between these variables. The findings from the present study especially highlight the importance of implementing public health programs targeting reduction of sitting time among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo García-Pérez-de-Sevilla
- PT. Physiotherapist and Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Alonso Pérez-Chao
- PT. Physiotherapist and Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University Alfonso X, Villanueva de la Cañada, Spain
| | - Helios Pareja-Galeano
- PT. Physiotherapist and Professor, Department of Physical Education, Sport and Human Movement, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva María Martínez-Jiménez
- PT, PhD. Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta de-la-Plaza-San-Frutos
- PT, PhD. Physiotherapist and Professor, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Sánchez-Pinto-Pinto
- MD. Physician, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Unit, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Carlos Romero-Morales
- PT, PhD. Physiotherapist, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid, Spain
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de Sire R, Imperatore N, D'Armiento M, Coccoli P, Di Luna I, Ricciolino S, Castiglione F, Rispo A. Ultrasonography-Based Management of Sclerosing Mesenteritis: From Diagnosis to Follow-Up. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:187-190. [PMID: 33814933 PMCID: PMC8009549 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s290507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is an idiopathic disorder affecting mesentery, characterized by fat necrosis, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. The clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic cases to acute abdomen. The diagnosis is suggested by imaging but can be definitely established only by biopsies. In this paper, we discuss ultrasonography-based management of SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto de Sire
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Nicola Imperatore
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy.,Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, AORN Antonio Cardarelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Armiento
- Pathology, Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Coccoli
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Imma Di Luna
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Ricciolino
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiana Castiglione
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Rispo
- Gastroenterology, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University Federico II of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Monreal-Robles R, Kohn-Gutiérrez AE, Sordia-Ramírez J, Zúñiga-Segura JA, Palafox-Salinas JA, de la Rosa-Pacheco S, Elizondo-Riojas G, González-González JA. Peritoneal cavity circumference on computed tomography predicts outcomes in acute pancreatitis. Eur J Radiol 2020; 132:109327. [PMID: 33049650 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the role of novel intra-abdominal parameters measured by computed tomography (CT) in the prediction of clinical outcomes in acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS Patients with AP underwent an abdominal CT scan on admission to define different intra-abdominal parameters (abdominal circumference, peritoneal cavity circumference, intraabdominal visceral fat area, and subcutaneous fat area) at the L2-L3 level using the open-source image analysis software Osirix Lite v.11.0.4 to predict clinical outcomes. RESULTS Eighty patients with AP were analyzed. Peritoneal cavity circumference (PCC) was the only variable independently associated with outcomes. PCC showed an area under ROC for prediction of severity in AP of 0.830. A PCC ≥ 85 cm increased the risk of severity of AP (RR 15.7), persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome (RR 9.3), acute peripancreatic fluid collection (RR 6.4), necrotizing pancreatitis (RR 21.50), and mortality (RR 2.4). We found a 4.7-fold increase in the risk of developing severe AP for each 10 cm increase in PCC. CONCLUSIONS PCC measurement at the L2-L3 level using a non-enhanced abdominal CT scan on admission in patients with AP is useful in the early prediction of severity, persistent systemic inflammatory response syndrome, local complications, and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Monreal-Robles
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico; Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Ana E Kohn-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Radiología e Imagen, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - José Sordia-Ramírez
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Julian A Zúñiga-Segura
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Javier A Palafox-Salinas
- Departamento de Radiología e Imagen, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Sylvia de la Rosa-Pacheco
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo-Riojas
- Departamento de Radiología e Imagen, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - José A González-González
- Servicio de Gastroenterología, Hospital Universitario "Dr. José Eleuterio González", Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico
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Dhawan D, Sharma S. Abdominal Obesity, Adipokines and Non-communicable Diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 203:105737. [PMID: 32818561 PMCID: PMC7431389 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal obesity may be defined as excess deposits of fat in the abdominal region. It is a common health condition seen in South Asians and is positively related to non-communicable diseases (NCDs). It is independent of body mass index and measured by raised waist circumference for men≥90 cm and women≥80 cm. The reason for its prevalence being common in Indians finds its root from pregnancy, during fetal period and has emerged as a concept of 'Thin Fat Indian'. Malnutrition in such a critical period of growth has consequences in the form of reduced basal metabolic rate (BMR), reduced blood flow to growing tissues, reduced functional ability of vital organs, endocrine changes and reduced capacity of primary adipose tissue. However, excess of visceral fat facilitates high dosage of adipokines in the portal vein to liver and other body tissues having serious implications seen in the form NCDs like diabetes, hypertension, heart diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, kidney disorders, cancer and other health problems. Abdominal obesity should be addressed before it has progressed further to defined health issues by exercise and diet, so that people can live a quality life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Dhawan
- Department of Dietetics and Applied Nutrition, Amity University, Haryana, Gurgaon, India; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Sheel Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India
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Fadel MG, Fehervari M, Khwaja HA. Inflammation and infarction of adipose tissue: implications in bariatric surgery. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2020; 103:e26-e28. [PMID: 32969263 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2020.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat necrosis occurs more frequently in patients who have obesity and diabetes mellitus and is linked to worsening of diabetes. Little evidence is available about surgical complications that are related to inflammation and necrosis of adipose tissue. We report two cases of young women with diabetes who underwent bariatric surgery and had complications resulting from extensive inflammation and necrosis of adipose tissue. The first patient was diagnosed with omental infarction, which is a type of fat necrosis that is rarely associated with obesity and bariatric surgery. The second patient had an intraoperative finding of mesenteric panniculitis, which resulted in an intra-operative change in the choice of bariatric surgery to do a sleeve gastrectomy instead of a gastric bypass. Surgeons who perform surgery on bariatric patients must be aware of complications related to excessive amount of adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Fadel
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,*These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - M Fehervari
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK.,*These authors contributed equally to the manuscript
| | - H A Khwaja
- Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK.,Imperial College London, London, UK
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13
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Whole transcriptional analysis identifies markers of B, T and plasma cell signaling pathways in the mesenteric adipose tissue associated with Crohn's disease. J Transl Med 2020; 18:44. [PMID: 32000799 PMCID: PMC6993458 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02220-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease characterized by chronic intestinal inflammation. The increased visceral adiposity near the affected intestinal area, of which mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) is the main component, is a feature of CD. Both protective and pathological roles have been attributed to this disease-associated tissue in CD. To understand the contribution of MAT to CD pathophysiology, a molecular and cellular signature of disease-associated MAT in CD patients was provided. Methods We performed an observational study with whole transcriptional analysis by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of MAT and ileal mucosa from CD patients with active disease and controls. qPCR and immunohistology were performed for validation analysis. Results RNA-seq identified 17 significantly regulated genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR < 0.05) in CD-MAT compared to non-IBD controls, with a marked upregulation of plasma cell genes (i.e., IGLL5, MZB1, CD79A, POU2AF1, FCRL5, JCHAIN, DERL3, SDC1, PIM2). A less strict statistical cutoff value (|FC| > 1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05) yielded a larger list of 651 genes in CD-MAT compared to controls. CD ileum showed the significant regulation compared to control ileum of 849 genes (|FC| > 1.5; FDR < 0.05) or 2654 genes (|FC| > 1.5, nominal p ≤ 0.05). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed the significant regulation of pathways related to T- and B cell functionality in the MAT of CD patients. Despite the differences between the MAT and ileal signatures of CD patients, we identified a subset of 204 genes significantly modulated in both tissues compared to controls. This common signature included genes related to the plasma cell signature. Genes such as S100A8, S100A9 (calprotectin) and IL1B, which are associated with acute inflammatory response, were exclusively regulated in the ileal mucosa of CD disease. In contrast, some genes encoding for lymphocyte receptors such as MS4A1, CD3D and CD79A were exclusively regulated in CD-MAT, exhibiting a different pattern of immune cell activation compared to the ileal mucosa in CD patients. qPCR and immunohistology confirmed the presence of large infiltrates of CD3+ CD20+ lymphocytes and CD138+ plasma cells in CD-MAT. Conclusion Our data strongly supports the role of CD-associated MAT as a site for T-, B- and plasma cell activation, and suggests that it could also act as a reservoir of memory immune responses.
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Huang YJ, Lee CY, Cao J, Lee HS, Chang CH, Chen PD, Wu YM. Therapeutic Potential of Plasma Proteins Derived from Umbilical Cord Blood for Acute Liver Failure. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:1092-1104. [PMID: 30698974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
There are very limited clinically viable treatment options for acute liver failure, a life-threatening condition that rapidly progresses to loss of liver function. In this study, we aim to evaluate the therapeutic potential of UCBP for acute liver failure induced in a rat model by D-galactosamine (GalN). F344 rats were randomly divided into two groups (control and UCBP-treated) after GalN injection. The therapeutic effects of UCBP were evaluated based on survival rate, H&E staining, TUNEL, PCNA staining, and in vivo BrdU labeling. Hepatocyte proliferation and the therapeutic mechanisms of UCBP were examined with BrdU and Western blot assay in vitro. The survival rate in the UCBP-treated group was found to be increased compared to the control group (85 vs 55%, P = 0.029). UCBP treatment significantly decreased apoptosis and increased cell proliferation. These effects may be secondary to specific bioactive molecules in UCBP. In vitro experiments revealed that adiponectin is one of the key biologically active components of UCBP in facilitating this result and promoting hepatocyte proliferation. Furthermore, this effect is mediated by p38/ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Therefore, this uncomplicated and clinically accessible approach may serve as effective bridge therapy for acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Huang
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lee
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan.,Center of Precision Medicine, College of Medicine , National Taiwan University , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Jerry Cao
- Wollongong Hospital , Wollongong NSW 2500 , Australia
| | - Hsuan-Shu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Po-Da Chen
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei 100 , Taiwan
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15
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Yürümez E, Uğur Ç, Sertçelik M. The assessment of serum omentin levels of children with autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2017.1421397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Yürümez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Çağatay Uğur
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara Pediatric Hematology–Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sertçelik
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hitit University Çorum Training and Research Hospital, Çorum, Turkey
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16
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Kaya C, Bozkurt E, Yazıcı P, İdiz UO, Tanal M, Mihmanlı M. Approach to the diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric panniculitis from the surgical point of view. Turk J Surg 2018; 34:121-124. [PMID: 30023976 DOI: 10.5152/turkjsurg.2018.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic and treatment approaches for patients diagnosed with mesenteric panniculitis. Material and Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients diagnosed with mesenteric panniculitis between January 2010 and March 2016. We recorded the demographic features, clinical symptoms, laboratory values, radiological methods, treatment approach, and outcomes of the patients. Results We evaluated 22 patients (17 male and five female) with a mean age of 45.8±15.7 years. The most frequent complaint was abdominal pain. The patients' histories included colon cancer (n=1), prostatic cancer (n=2), renal cell cancer (n=1), diabetes mellitus (n=4), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=1). Laboratory values revealed elevated C-reactive protein levels in 14 patients (43%). Computed tomography was performed in all the patients. Only 10 patients were followed up in the surgical ward, the remaining 12 underwent outpatient treatment. No complication associated with hospitalization or during outpatient follow-up period was observed. Conclusion Mesenteric panniculitis can be successfully treated conservatively without surgical intervention. Clinical doubt is of great importance for diagnosis, and plausible underlying malignancy should be kept in mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Kaya
- Department of General Surgery, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Emre Bozkurt
- Department of General Surgery, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yazıcı
- Department of General Surgery, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Oğuz İdiz
- Department of General Surgery, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Tanal
- Department of General Surgery, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Mihmanlı
- Department of General Surgery, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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17
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Rehal S, Stephens M, Roizes S, Liao S, von der Weid PY. Acute small intestinal inflammation results in persistent lymphatic alterations. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2018; 314:G408-G417. [PMID: 29351397 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00340.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has a complex pathophysiology with limited treatments. Structural and functional changes in the intestinal lymphatic system have been associated with the disease, with increased risk of IBD occurrence linked to a history of acute intestinal injury. To examine the potential role of the lymphatic system in inflammation recurrence, we evaluated morphological and functional changes in mouse mucosal and mesenteric lymphatic vessels, and within the mesenteric lymph nodes during acute ileitis caused by a 7-day treatment with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). We monitored whether the changes persisted during a 14-day recovery period and determined their potential consequences on dendritic cell (DC) trafficking between the mucosa and lymphoid tissues. DSS administration was associated with marked lymphatic abnormalities and dysfunctions exemplified by lymphangiectasia and lymphangiogenesis in the ileal mucosa and mesentery, increased mesenteric lymphatic vessel leakage, and lymphadenopathy. Lymphangiogenesis and lymphadenopathy were still evident after recovery from intestinal inflammation and correlated with higher numbers of DCs in mucosal and lymphatic tissues. Specifically, a deficit in CD103+ DCs observed during acute DSS in the lamina propria was reversed and further enhanced during recovery. We concluded that an acute intestinal insult caused alterations of the mesenteric lymphatic system, including lymphangiogenesis, which persisted after resolution of inflammation. These morphological and functional changes could compromise DC function and movement, increasing susceptibility to further gastrointestinal disease. Elucidation of the changes in mesenteric and intestinal lymphatic function should offer key insights for new therapeutic strategies in gastrointestinal disorders such as IBD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Lymphatic integrity plays a critical role in small intestinal homeostasis. Acute intestinal insult in a mouse model of acute ileitis causes morphological and functional changes in mesenteric and intestinal lymphatic vessels. While some of the changes significantly regressed during inflammation resolution, others persisted, including lymphangiogenesis and altered dendritic cell function and movement, potentially increasing susceptibility to the recurrence of gastrointestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Rehal
- Inflammation Research Network and Smooth Muscle Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Matthew Stephens
- Inflammation Research Network and Smooth Muscle Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Simon Roizes
- Inflammation Research Network and Smooth Muscle Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Shan Liao
- Inflammation Research Network and Smooth Muscle Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
| | - Pierre-Yves von der Weid
- Inflammation Research Network and Smooth Muscle Research Group, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta , Canada
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18
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Lim HW, Bernstein DE. Risk Factors for the Development of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis, Including Genetics. Clin Liver Dis 2018; 22:39-57. [PMID: 29128060 DOI: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. This trend is, in part, secondary, to the growing incidence of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Other risk factors include age, gender, race/ethnicity, genetic predisposition, and polycystic ovarian disease. With the introduction of genome-wide association studies, genetic mutations contributing to inherited susceptibility to steatosis have been identified, which hold keys to future improvement in diagnosis and management. This article expands on the aforementioned risk factors and summarizes the current available data on genetic and environmental factors associated with this common entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huei-Wen Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Northwell Health, 400 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
| | - David E Bernstein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Center for Liver Diseases, 400 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
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19
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Acu B, Güven ME, Kaptan MA, Öztunalı Ç, Gökçe E, Beyhan M, Kara T. Duplex Doppler Sonographic Assessment of the Superior Mesenteric Artery in Patients With Mesenteric Panniculitis. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:165-172. [PMID: 28731594 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine how the hemodynamic parameters of the superior mesenteric artery are affected in mesenteric panniculitis. METHODS Twenty-one patients with a diagnosis of mesenteric panniculitis on computed tomography were evaluated with duplex Doppler sonography. The control group consisted 20 asymptomatic volunteers. The peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity (EDV), resistive index (RI), pulsatility index (PI), blood flow volume, and body mass index were measured in the group of patients with mesenteric panniculitis, and the findings were compared with those of the control group. RESULTS The mean blood flow volume and EDV were significantly higher in the patient group: The mean superior mesenteric artery blood flow volume ± SD was 917.86 ± 228.97 mL/min in the patient group versus 389.73 ± 92.72 mL/min in the control group (P < .001). The mean EDV was 31.56 ± 8.44 m/s in the patient group versus 19.27 ± 4.19 m/s in the control group (P < .001). The mean RI and PI were significantly lower in the patient group: The mean RI was 0.81 ± 0.04 in the patient group versus 0.85 ± 0.03 in the control group (P = .001). The mean PI was 2.69 ± 0.68 in the patient group versus 3.81 ± 1.13 in the control group (P = .001). the mean superior mesenteric artery diameter was 7.30 ± 0.67 mm in the patient group versus and 6.46 ± 0.66 mm in the control group (P < .001). The mean BMI was 27.95 ± 3.80 kg/m2 in the patient group versus 23.16 ± 3.47 kg/m2 in the control group (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with mesenteric panniculitis, the Doppler spectrum of the superior mesenteric artery shows detectable changes, which are characterized by decreased vascular resistance and increased blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berat Acu
- Department of Radiology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Emrah Güven
- Department of Radiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Kaptan
- Department of Radiology, Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Çiğdem Öztunalı
- Department of Radiology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Gökçe
- Department of Radiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Murat Beyhan
- Department of Radiology, Gaziosmanpaşa University Faculty of Medicine, Tokat, Turkey
| | - Taylan Kara
- Department of Radiology, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Turkey
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20
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Gillies NA, Pendharkar SA, Singh RG, Windsor JA, Bhatia M, Petrov MS. Fasting levels of insulin and amylin after acute pancreatitis are associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Arch Physiol Biochem 2017; 123:238-248. [PMID: 28426339 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2017.1308382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of metabolic diseases continues to rise worldwide, with a growing recognition of metabolic dysregulation after acute inflammatory diseases such as acute pancreatitis (AP). Adipokines and cytokines play an important role in metabolism and the course of AP, but there is a paucity of research investigating their relationship with pancreatic hormones after AP. This study aimed to explore associations between pancreatic hormones and adipokines as well as cytokines to provide insights into the pathophysiology of altered pancreatic hormone secretion following AP [corrected]. METHODS A total of 83 patients previously diagnosed with AP and no prior diabetes or pre-diabetes were recruited into this cross-sectional follow up study. Fasting venous blood samples were collected to analyse a panel of pancreatic hormones and derivatives (amylin, C-peptide, glucagon, insulin, pancreatic polypeptide, somatostatin), adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, retinol binding protein-4, and resistin), and cytokines (interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)). Linear regression analyses were used, and potential confounders were adjusted for in multivariate analyses. RESULTS Insulin was significantly associated with IL-6 in both unadjusted and adjusted models (p = .029 and p = .040, respectively). Amylin was significantly associated with MCP-1 in the unadjusted model (p = .046), and TNF-α in unadjusted and adjusted models (p = .025 and p = .027, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Insulin and amylin have a strong positive association with pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients following an episode of AP. These associations have possible relevance in the development of diabetes associated with diseases of the exocrine pancreas, providing the opportunity to develop novel treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola A Gillies
- a Department of Surgery , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | | | - Ruma G Singh
- a Department of Surgery , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - John A Windsor
- a Department of Surgery , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Madhav Bhatia
- b Department of Pathology , Otago University , Christchurch , New Zealand
| | - Maxim S Petrov
- a Department of Surgery , University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
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Beneficial Effect of Voluntary Exercise on Experimental Colitis in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet: The Role of Irisin, Adiponectin and Proinflammatory Biomarkers. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9040410. [PMID: 28425943 PMCID: PMC5409749 DOI: 10.3390/nu9040410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders exhibited by two major phenotypic forms: Crohn‘s disease and ulcerative colitis. Although the aetiology of IBD is unknown, several factors coming from the adipose tissue and skeletal muscles, such as cytokines, adipokines and myokines, were suggested in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis; however, it has not been extensively studied whether voluntary exercise can ameliorate that disorder. We explored the effect of moderate exercise (i.e., voluntary wheel running) on the disease activity index (DAI), colonic blood flow (CBF), plasma irisin and adiponectin levels and real-time PCR expression of proinflammatory markers in mesenteric fat in mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) colitis fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared to those on a standard chow diet (SD). Macroscopic and microscopic colitis in sedentary SD mice was accompanied by a significant fall in CBF, some increase in colonic tissue weight and a significant increase in the plasma levels of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and IL-13 (p < 0.05). In sedentary HFD mice, colonic lesions were aggravated, colonic tissue weight increased and the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β and leptin levels significantly increased. Simultaneously, a significant decrease in the plasma irisin and adiponectin levels was observed in comparison with SD mice (p < 0.05). Exercise significantly decreased macroscopic and microscopic colitis, substantially increased CBF and attenuated the plasma TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1, IL-1β and leptin levels while raising the plasma irisin and the plasma and WAT concentrations of adiponectin in HFD mice (p < 0.05). We conclude that: (1) experimental colitis is exacerbated in HFD mice, possibly due to a fall in colonic microcirculation and an increase in the plasma and mesenteric fat content of proinflammatory biomarkers; and (2) voluntary physical activity can attenuate the severity of colonic damage in mice fed a HFD through the release of protective irisin and restoration of plasma adiponectin.
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Innate Immunity of Adipose Tissue in Rodent Models of Local and Systemic Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:5315602. [PMID: 28428684 PMCID: PMC5385907 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5315602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The role of adipose tissue in systemic inflammation during bacterial infection is unclear. Effects of Staphylococcus aureus infection on adipocytes in rodent models of experimental endocarditis and peritonitis, the impact of S. aureus infection on gene expression in epididymal and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and effects of S. aureus infection on the toll-like receptor-2- (TLR2-) cathelicidin pathway in vivo and in vitro were investigated. Material and methods. The rat model of catheter-induced S. aureus endocarditis and the mouse model of S. aureus-induced peritonitis were used for infection experiments, gene expression profiling in adipose tissue, and measurement of cytokines. 3T3-L1 adipocytes were analyzed for expression of the TLR2-cathelicidin pathway. Results. Upon systemic bacterial infection by S. aureus, there is a shift from anti- to proinflammatory cytokines in serum and in adipose tissue gene expression. The TLR2-cathelicidin pathway is increasingly expressed during adipocyte differentiation in vitro and is induced upon stimulation by synthetic lipopeptides. Conclusions. Systemic infection by Gram-positive bacteria induces proinflammatory transformation of adipose tissue sites distinct from infection sites, documented on the levels of gene expression and secreted mediators. The TLR2-cathelicidine pathway is expressed and highly inducible in adipocytes in vitro. Lipopeptides are important immune-modulators of adipocytes in both gene expression and protein secretion.
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Coffey JC, O'Leary DP. The mesentery: structure, function, and role in disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016; 1:238-247. [PMID: 28404096 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(16)30026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Systematic study of the mesentery is now possible because of clarification of its structure. Although this area of science is in an early phase, important advances have already been made and opportunities uncovered. For example, distinctive anatomical and functional features have been revealed that justify designation of the mesentery as an organ. Accordingly, the mesentery should be subjected to the same investigatory focus that is applied to other organs and systems. In this Review, we summarise the findings of scientific investigations of the mesentery so far and explore its role in human disease. We aim to provide a platform from which to direct future scientific investigation of the human mesentery in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Calvin Coffey
- Graduate Entry Medical School, 4i Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - D Peter O'Leary
- Graduate Entry Medical School, 4i Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Karrasch T, Schaeffler A. Adipokines and the role of visceral adipose tissue in inflammatory bowel disease. Ann Gastroenterol 2016; 29:424-438. [PMID: 27708507 PMCID: PMC5049548 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2016.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, adipocytes have been recognized as actively participating in local and systemic immune responses via the secretion of peptides detectable in relevant levels in the systemic circulation, the so-called "adipo(cyto)kines". Multiple studies appearing within the last 10-15 years have focused on the possible impact of adipose tissue depots on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Consequently, various hypotheses regarding the role of different adipokines in inflammatory diseases in general and in intestinal inflammatory processes in particular have been developed and have been further refined in recent years. After a focused summary of the data reported concerning the impact of visceral adipose tissue on IBD, such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, our review focuses on recent developments indicating that adipocytes as part of the innate immune system actively participate in antimicrobial host defenses in the context of intestinal bacterial translocation, which are of utmost importance for the homeostasis of the whole organism. Modulators of adipose tissue function and regulators of adipokine secretion, as well as modifiers of adipocytic pattern recognition molecules, might represent future potential drug targets in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Karrasch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Germany
| | - Andreas Schaeffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Giessen University Hospital, Germany
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25
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Nuzzo A, Zappa M, Cazals-Hatem D, Bouhnik Y. Crohn's disease mistaken for long-standing idiopathic mesenteric panniculitis: A case report and management algorithm. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e5073. [PMID: 27684882 PMCID: PMC5265975 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000005073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric panniculitis (MP) is mostly an associated sign of an intra-abdominal or systemic inflammatory primary disease. Nevertheless, etiological and differential diagnosis of idiopathic MP can be challenging when an associate primary cause is not in the foreground. METHODS We report here the case of an isolated small bowel Crohn's disease, long time considered as idiopathic MP. RESULTS This patient presented to our department with a 10-year history of acute abdominal symptoms evolving with flare-up and remission. A diagnosis of idiopathic MP was made based on compatible CT-scan features along with normal laboratory tests and upper and lower bowel endoscopies. As symptoms recurred, a steroid course was proposed which dramatically improved his condition for years. Finally, an explorative laparoscopy was performed because of concern of malignancy when he returned to our unit with a steroid refractory flare-up and weight loss, along with MP nodes growing up to 10 mm. Crohn's disease was eventually diagnosed, based on histopathological middle-gut bowel resection and numerous granulomas in mesenteric nodes without necrosis. CONCLUSION This case emphasizes the importance of excluding inflammatory intestinal lesions before making the diagnosis of idiopathic MP (fecal calprotectin, magnetic resonance enterography, wireless capsule endoscopy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Nuzzo
- Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Nutritional Support
- Correspondence: Alexandre Nuzzo, DHU UNITY, Pôle des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Beaujon—Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Université Paris VII (Denis Diderot), 100 Boulevard du Général Leclerc, 92110 Clichy, France (e-mail: )
| | | | | | - Yoram Bouhnik
- Department of Gastroenterology, IBD and Nutritional Support
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article assesses the role of the mesentery in Crohn's disease. RECENT FINDINGS The mesentery is centrally positioned both anatomically and physiologically. Overlapping mesenteric and submucosal mesenchymal contributions are important in the pathobiology of Crohn's disease. Mesenteric contributions explain the topographic distribution of Crohn's disease in general and mucosal disease in particular. Operative strategies that are mesenteric based (i.e. mesocolic excision) may reduce rates of postoperative recurrence. SUMMARY The net effect of mesenteric events in Crohn's disease is pathologic. This can be targeted by operative means. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/COG/A18.
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Li Y, Zhu W, Zuo L, Shen B. The Role of the Mesentery in Crohn's Disease: The Contributions of Nerves, Vessels, Lymphatics, and Fat to the Pathogenesis and Disease Course. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2016; 22:1483-95. [PMID: 27167572 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a complex gastrointestinal disorder involving multiple levels of cross talk between the immunological, neural, vascular, and endocrine systems. The current dominant theory in CD is based on the unidirectional axis of dysbiosis-innate immunity-adaptive immunity-mesentery-body system. Emerging clinical evidence strongly suggests that the axis be bidirectional. The morphologic and/or functional abnormalities in the mesenteric structures likely contribute to the disease progression of CD, to a less extent the disease initiation. In addition to adipocytes, mesentery contains nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics, stromal cells, and fibroblasts. By the secretion of adipokines that have endocrine functions, the mesenteric fat tissue exerts its activity in immunomodulation mainly through response to afferent signals, neuropeptides, and functional cytokines. Mesenteric nerves are involved in the pathogenesis and prognosis of CD mainly through neuropeptides. In addition to angiogenesis observed in CD, lymphatic obstruction, remodeling, and impaired contraction maybe a cause and consequence of CD. Lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis play a concomitant role in the progress of chronic intestinal inflammation. Finally, the interaction between neuropeptides, adipokines, and vascular and lymphatic endothelia leads to adipose tissue remodeling, which makes the mesentery an active participator, not a bystander, in the disease initiation and precipitation CD. The identification of the role of mesentery, including the structure and function of mesenteric nerves, vessels, lymphatics, and fat, in the intestinal inflammation in CD has important implications in understanding its pathogenesis and clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- *Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; and †Center for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Digestive Disease Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
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Bilski J, Mazur-Bialy A, Brzozowski B, Magierowski M, Zahradnik-Bilska J, Wójcik D, Magierowska K, Kwiecien S, Mach T, Brzozowski T. Can exercise affect the course of inflammatory bowel disease? Experimental and clinical evidence. Pharmacol Rep 2016; 68:827-36. [PMID: 27255494 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) consisting of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are defined as idiopathic, chronic and relapsing intestinal disorders occurring in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to environmental risk factors such as diet and microbiome changes. Since conventional drug therapy is expensive and not fully efficient, there is a need for alternative remedies that can improve the outcome in patients suffering from IBD. Whether exercise, which has been proposed as adjunct therapy in IBD, can be beneficial in patients with IBD remains an intriguing question. In this review, we provide an overview of the effects of exercise on human IBD and experimental colitis in animal models that mimic human disease, although the information on exercise in human IBD are sparse and poorly understood. Moderate exercise can exert a beneficial ameliorating effect on IBD and improve the healing of experimental animal colitis due to the activity of protective myokines such as irisin released from working skeletal muscles. CD patients with higher levels of exercise were significantly less likely to develop active disease at six months. Moreover, voluntary exercise has been shown to exert a positive effect on IBD patients' mood, weight maintenance and osteoporosis. On the other hand, depending on its intensity and duration, exercise can evoke transient mild systemic inflammation and enhances pro-inflammatory cytokine release, thereby exacerbating the gastrointestinal symptoms. We discuss recent advances in the mechanism of voluntary and strenuous exercise affecting the outcome of IBD in patients and experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mazur-Bialy
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bartosz Brzozowski
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, The University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Janina Zahradnik-Bilska
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, The University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dagmara Wójcik
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Magierowska
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Slawomir Kwiecien
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mach
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Clinic, The University Hospital, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
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Abstract
IBD is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract encompassing two main clinical entities: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Although Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis have historically been studied together because they share common features (such as symptoms, structural damage and therapy), it is now clear that they represent two distinct pathophysiological entities. Both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are associated with multiple pathogenic factors including environmental changes, an array of susceptibility gene variants, a qualitatively and quantitatively abnormal gut microbiota and a broadly dysregulated immune response. In spite of this realization and the identification of seemingly pertinent environmental, genetic, microbial and immune factors, a full understanding of IBD pathogenesis is still out of reach and, consequently, treatment is far from optimal. An important reason for this unsatisfactory situation is the currently limited comprehension of what are the truly relevant components of IBD immunopathogenesis. This article will comprehensively review current knowledge of the classic immune components and will expand the concept of IBD immunopathogenesis to include various cells, mediators and pathways that have not been traditionally associated with disease mechanisms, but that profoundly affect the overall intestinal inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heitor S P de Souza
- Department of Gastroenterology &Multidisciplinary Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Lerner Research Institute, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
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Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents Mesenteric Fat Deposition and Inflammation in High-Fat Diet Mice. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:549352. [PMID: 26618193 PMCID: PMC4651788 DOI: 10.1155/2015/549352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenteric fat belongs to visceral fat. An increased deposition of mesenteric fat contributes to obesity associated complications such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. We have investigated the therapeutic effects of bardoxolone methyl (BARD) on mesenteric adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J mice were administered oral BARD during HFD feeding (HFD/BARD), only fed a high-fat diet (HFD), or fed low-fat diet (LFD) for 21 weeks. Histology and immunohistochemistry were used to analyse mesenteric morphology and macrophages, while Western blot was used to assess the expression of inflammatory, oxidative stress, and energy expenditure proteins. Supplementation of drinking water with BARD prevented mesenteric fat deposition, as determined by a reduction in large adipocytes. BARD prevented inflammation as there were fewer inflammatory macrophages and reduced proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1 beta and tumour necrosis factor alpha). BARD reduced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt, suggesting an antioxidative stress effect. BARD upregulates energy expenditure proteins, judged by the increased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) proteins. Overall, BARD induces preventive effect in HFD mice through regulation of mesenteric adipose tissue.
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Pannikulitis des Oberschenkels und Lungenemphysem bei einem 54-jährigen Patienten. Internist (Berl) 2015; 56:696, 698-701. [DOI: 10.1007/s00108-015-3710-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Fatima SS, Butt Z, Bader N, Pathan AZ, Hussain S, Iqbal NT. Role of multifunctional Chemerin in obesity and preclinical diabetes. Obes Res Clin Pract 2015; 9:507-12. [PMID: 25666091 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND "Chemerin" is a multifuntional peptide involved in lipid and glucose metabolism. Elevated levels of this peptide have been associated with insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. This study aims to identify whether Chemerin along with other inflammatory markers (TNFα and hsCRP) can discriminate subjects with subclinical diabetes. METHODOLOGY/FINDINGS Fifty-two asymptomatic healthy volunteers and 22 chronic diabetics (T2DM) were enrolled in a cross sectional study design. They were subjected to a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test [OGTT (2-h glucose>200 mg/dL)] and were then classified as either newly diagnosed diabetics (NDM) (n=23) or healthy controls (n=29). Our results showed a higher Chemerin level in NDM (p<0.01; MWU) compared to controls and previously diagnosed DM. Using ROC analysis, Chemerin level in NDM and T2DM had AUC of 0.963 and 0.764 respectively, compared to healthy controls. We suggest that the cut off of 13.7 ng/ml of Chemerin can discriminate 73% of NDM subjects with impaired glucose level with 91% and 96% of sensitivity and specificity respectively. Elevated serum Chemerin in NDM group is a surrogate of impairment in glucose metabolism in obese individual. CONCLUSIONS Chemerin along with other inflammatory biomarkers suggest an ongoing inflammatory process in a high risk obese group that indicates a pre-diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Sadia Fatima
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Zoya Butt
- Aga Khan University Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Nimrah Bader
- Aga Khan University Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Aly Zaheer Pathan
- Aga Khan University Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Hussain
- Aga Khan University Medical College, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Najeeha Talat Iqbal
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Pakistan.
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Yin J, Hou P, Wu Z, Nie Y. Decreased levels of serum omentin-1 in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Med Sci Monit 2015; 21:118-22. [PMID: 25576244 PMCID: PMC4298282 DOI: 10.12659/msm.892081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is involved in the mechanism of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Omentin, a newly discovered adipokine, is thought to play an anti-inflammatory role. This study aimed to determine whether serum levels of omentin-1 are associated with the presence and disease activity of IBD. MATERIAL/METHODS This study consisted of 192 patients with IBD: 100 with Crohn's disease [CD], 92 with ulcerative colitis [UC], and 104 healthy subjects. Serum levels of omentin-1 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Serum omentin-1 levels were significantly decreased in CD and UC patients compared with healthy controls. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that serum omentin-1 levels were inversely associated with the presence of CD and UC. Active CD and UC patients both had significantly decreased levels of serum omentin-1 compared with inactive CD and UC patients. In both CD and UC patients, serum omentin-1 levels were significantly associated with decreased levels of body mass index (BMI) and C-reactive protein (CRP). CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum omentin-1 levels could be considered as an independent predicting marker of the presence and disease activity of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated to General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated to General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Zhiqiang Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Feeding Disorders, First Affiliated to General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxiao Nie
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated to General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China (mainland)
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes current knowledge on the contribution of mesenteric adipose tissue in intestinal inflammation. We will describe the cellular and humoral characteristics of creeping fat, their potential impact for Crohn's disease and propose a working model for the critical interplay between the creeping fat and the inflamed intestine. RECENT FINDINGS Creeping fat can be distinguished from healthy adipose tissue by its distinctively small adipocytes, by a specific microenvironment defined by high levels of adipokines and by a dominant immune cell infiltration. In Crohn's disease transmural inflammation facilitates increased bacterial translocation into the creeping fat. Translocalizing antigens can directly activate (pre)adipocytes via innate receptors. Adipocyte-derived mediators modulate phenotype and function of innate and adaptive immune cells. Activated (pre)adipocytes and adipokine-modulated immune cells might support a degree of inflammatory activation within the creeping fat that allows competent immune defense against exogenous factors while preventing systemic inflammation. SUMMARY Fat tissue as an active organ in health and disease has been ignored for too long. The last few years of research provided evidence for the complex metabolic and immunological functions of adipose tissue. On the basis of the available data, creeping fat in Crohn's disease exerts a protective function by a localized anti-inflammatory effect, thus preventing a systemic inflammatory response.
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Andrade JMO, Lemos FDO, da Fonseca Pires S, Millán RDS, de Sousa FB, Guimarães ALS, Qureshi M, Feltenberger JD, de Paula AMB, Neto JTM, Lopes MTP, Andrade HMD, Santos RAS, Santos SHS. Proteomic white adipose tissue analysis of obese mice fed with a high-fat diet and treated with oral angiotensin-(1-7). Peptides 2014; 60:56-62. [PMID: 25102447 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2014.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) has been described as a new potential therapeutic tool for the treatment and prevention of metabolic disorders by regulating several pathways in visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). The aim of this study was to access the proteins differentially regulated by Ang-(1-7) using proteomic analysis of visceral adipose tissue. Male mice were divided into three groups and fed for 60 days, with each group receiving one of the following diets: standard diet+HPβCD (ST), high fat diet+HPβCD (HFD) and high fat diet+Ang-(1-7)/HPβCD (HFD+Ang-(1-7)). Body weight, fat weight and food intake were measured. At the end of treatment, Ang-(1-7) induced a decrease in body and fat weight. Differential proteomic analysis using two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) combined with mass spectrometry were performed. Results of protein mapping of mesenteric adipose tissue using 2-DE revealed the presence of about 450 spots in each gel (n=3/treatment) with great reproducibility (>70%). Image analysis and further statistical analysis allowed the detection and identification of eight proteins whose expression was modulated in response to HFD when compared to ST. Among these, two proteins showed a sensitive response to Ang-(1-7) treatment (eno1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase). In addition, three proteins were expressed statistically different between HFD+Ang-(1-7) and HFD groups, and four proteins were modulated compared to standard diet. In conclusion, comparative proteomic analysis of a mice model of diet-induced obesity allowed us to outline possible pathways involved in the response to Ang-(1-7), suggesting that Ang-(1-7) may be a useful tool for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Marcus Oliveira Andrade
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Nursing Department, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fernanda de Oliveira Lemos
- Pharmacology Department, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone da Fonseca Pires
- Parasitology Department, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Frederico Barros de Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Sena Guimarães
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mahboob Qureshi
- Touro University Nevada College of Osteopathic Medicine, Las Vegas, NV, United States
| | | | - Alfredo Maurício Batista de Paula
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jaime Tolentino Miranda Neto
- Physical Training School, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Miriam Teresa Paz Lopes
- Pharmacology Department, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Hélida Monteiro de Andrade
- Parasitology Department, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Robson Augusto Souza Santos
- National Institute of Science and Technology (INCT-NanoBiofar), Physiology Department, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Henrique Sousa Santos
- Laboratory of Health Science, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil; Pharmacology Department, Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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van Putte-Katier N, van Bommel EFH, Elgersma OE, Hendriksz TR. Mesenteric panniculitis: prevalence, clinicoradiological presentation and 5-year follow-up. Br J Radiol 2014; 87:20140451. [PMID: 25271412 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20140451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine prevalence, clinicoradiological characteristics and outcome of patients with mesenteric panniculitis (MP) in a large hospital-based population. METHODS Consecutive abdominal CT examinations of 3820 patients were evaluated for MP. Clinical characteristics, therapy and outcome of patients with MP were evaluated during a 5-year follow-up period. A matched pair analysis was performed to further investigate the relation between MP and malignancy. RESULTS 94 (2.5%) patients with MP were identified (mean age, 66.6 ± 11.2 years, 70.2% male). MP coexisted with malignancy (especially prostatic carcinoma) in 48.9% of patients, and this was slightly but significantly higher than in age- and sex-matched control patients (n = 188, 46.3%). In 48 patients, MP was presumed to be idiopathic. The most frequent presenting symptom was pain (54.3%). Laboratory findings revealed increased acute-phase reactants in half of the patients with MP. CT findings included increased density of mesenterial fat (mean, -56.8 ± 10.8 HU), fat ring sign, tumoural pseudocapsule and small soft-tissue nodules. Patients with MP (14.6%) developed significantly more malignancies during a 5-year follow-up than did the control group (6.9%). One patient was treated with prednisone without satisfactory response. CONCLUSION The prevalence of MP in this study was 2.5%. In most patients, radiologic features included increased mesenteric fat density, fat ring sign and small soft-tissue nodules. MP was associated with a significant higher prevalence of coexisting malignancies and a higher prevalence of future cancer development. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE A more accurate prevalence of MP on CT is demonstrated. An underlying malignancy may play a role.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenteric fat plays an important role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD), and a higher ratio of visceral fat area (VFA) to subcutaneous fat area (SFA) is related to complicated disease status. Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is an effective treatment option for patients with CD, and the aims of this study were to assess the effects of EEN on abdominal fat in patients with CD. METHODS Patient data were obtained from a prospectively maintained database. The SFA and VFA were measured in 38 patients with CD before and after 8-week EEN therapy, and the mesenteric fat index (MFI), defined as the ratio of VFA to SFA, was calculated. The correlations between MFI and CD activity index and C-reactive protein level were also evaluated. RESULTS The median age of the patients in our study was 29 years, and the median duration of disease was 3.05 years. Both VFA (P = 0.029) and MFI (P = 0.021) were significantly decreased in patients after EEN, but no significant change was observed in SFA (P = 0.335). MFI was significantly correlated with CD activity index (r = 0.523, P = 0.001) and C-reactive protein (r = 0.634, P < 0.0001) in patients with active CD before EEN, although no positive correlations were observed in patients after EEN treatment. CONCLUSIONS EEN induction therapy was associated with a significant decrease in VFA in patients with CD, and MFI was significantly correlated with CD activity index and C-reactive protein in active CD. Thus, our data reveal additional beneficial therapeutic mechanisms of enteral nutrition treatment in CD.
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Waluga M, Hartleb M, Boryczka G, Kukla M, Żwirska-Korczala K. Serum adipokines in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6912-6917. [PMID: 24944482 PMCID: PMC4051931 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i22.6912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate serum adipokine levels in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients before treatment and after achieving clinical remission.
METHODS: Serum concentrations of six adipokines (tissue growth factor-β1, adiponectin, leptin, chemerin, resistin, and visfatin) were studied in 40 subjects with active IBD [24 subjects with Crohn’s disease (CD) and in 16 subjects with ulcerative colitis (UC)] before and after three months of therapy with corticosteroids and/or azathioprine. Clinical diagnoses were based on ileocolonoscopy, computed tomography or magnetic resonance enterography and histological examination of mucosal biopsies sampled during endoscopy. Serum levels of adipokines were assessed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The control group was comprised of 16 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.
RESULTS: Baseline leptin concentrations were significantly decreased in both types of IBD compared to controls (8.0 ± 9.1 in CD and 8.6 ± 6.3 in UC vs 16.5 ± 10.1 ng/mL in controls; P < 0.05), and significantly increased after treatment only in subjects with CD (14.9 ± 15.1 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Baseline serum resistin concentrations were significantly higher in CD (19.3 ± 12.5 ng/mL; P < 0.05) and UC subjects (23.2 ± 11.0 ng/mL; P < 0.05) than in healthy controls (10.7 ± 1.1 ng/mL). Treatment induced a decrease in the serum resistin concentration only in UC subjects (14.5 ± 4.0 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Baseline serum concentrations of visfatin were significantly higher in subjects with CD (23.2 ± 3.2 ng/mL; P < 0.05) and UC (18.8 ± 5.3 ng/mL; P < 0.05) than in healthy controls (14.1 ± 5.3 ng/mL). Treatment induced a decrease in the serum visfatin concentrations only in CD subjects (20.4 ± 4.8 ng/mL; P < 0.05). Serum levels of adiponectin, chemerin and tissue growth factor-β1 did not differ between CD and UC subjects compared to healthy controls and also were not altered by anti-inflammatory therapy. Clinical indices of IBD activity did not correlate with adipokine levels.
CONCLUSION: IBD modulates serum adipokine levels by increasing resistin and visfatin release and suppressing leptin production.
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Bilski J, Brzozowski B, Mazur-Bialy A, Sliwowski Z, Brzozowski T. The role of physical exercise in inflammatory bowel disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:429031. [PMID: 24877092 PMCID: PMC4022156 DOI: 10.1155/2014/429031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We reviewed and analyzed the relationship between physical exercise and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) which covers a group of chronic, relapsing, and remitting intestinal disorders including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. The etiology of IBD likely involves a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental risk factors. Physical training has been suggested to be protective against the onset of IBD, but there are inconsistencies in the findings of the published literature. Hypertrophy of the mesenteric white adipose tissue (mWAT) is recognized as a characteristic feature of CD, but its importance for the perpetuation of onset of this intestinal disease is unknown. Adipocytes synthesize proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Hypertrophy of mWAT could play a role as a barrier to the inflammatory process, but recent data suggest that deregulation of adipokine secretion is involved in the pathogenesis of CD. Adipocytokines and macrophage mediators perpetuate the intestinal inflammatory process, leading to mucosal ulcerations along the mesenteric border, a typical feature of CD. Contracting skeletal muscles release biologically active myokines, known to exert the direct anti-inflammatory effects, and inhibit the release of proinflammatory mediators from visceral fat. Further research is required to confirm these observations and establish exercise regimes for IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bilski
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Bartosz Brzozowski
- Gastroenterology Clinic, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-501 Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Mazur-Bialy
- Department of Ergonomics and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Brzozowski
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-531 Cracow, Poland
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Zhang H, Sairam MR. Sex hormone imbalances and adipose tissue dysfunction impacting on metabolic syndrome; a paradigm for the discovery of novel adipokines. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 17:89-97. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AbstractSex hormone imbalance is causally related with visceral adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction and visceral obesity – an etiological component of metabolic syndrome (MetS), associated with high risk of both cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes. In general, premenopausal women appear to be protected from CVD and the dramatic decline in sex steroid hormone occurring during menopausal transitions or other sex-related disorders influence the regional distribution, function, and metabolism of AT and increase the risk of CVD. Visceral AT dysfunction, manifesting as abnormality of fatty acid metabolism, increased oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and excessive production of adipokines have been proposed in the pathogenesis of MetS. However, direct evidence of molecular mechanisms of depot-specific AT alterations, and dysfunction causally related to MetS is limited in studies on postmenopausal women due to difficulty in collecting discrete AT specimens at different ages and repeated sampling from different fat depots. This can be overcome using animal models that can mimic the cluster of pathology leading to MetS and help establish the molecular basis of links between loss of gonadal function on various AT depots and their contribution to MetS. Our group used sex hormone imbalance FSH receptor knock out (FORKO) female mice to recapitulate different aspects of the MetS and addressed the mechanism of visceral obesity related to MetS and discover two novel sex steroid hormone-regulated deep mesenteric estrogen-dependent adipose (MEDAs) genes. Taken together, such recent studies raise hopes for pharmacologic intervention strategies targeting sex steroid hormone signaling in AT to provide protection against AT dysfunction.
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Donohoe CL, O’Farrell NJ, Doyle SL, Reynolds JV. The role of obesity in gastrointestinal cancer: evidence and opinion. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2014; 7:38-50. [PMID: 24381646 PMCID: PMC3871278 DOI: 10.1177/1756283x13501786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of the impact of being overweight and obese on the development of cancers at diverse sites including the gastrointestinal tract. Large epidemiological studies indicate that up to 14% of tumours may be related to obesity. Pathophysiological mechanisms underpinning this association are not well understood and so are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire L. Donohoe
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin/ St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Naoimh J. O’Farrell
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin/ St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne L. Doyle
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin/ St James’ Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John V. Reynolds
- Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin/ St James’ Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
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Park BS, Oh YK, Kim MJ, Shim WB. Skeletal Muscle Troponin I (TnI) in Animal Fat Tissues to Be Used as Biomarker for the Identification of Fat Adulteration. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2014; 34:822-8. [PMID: 26761680 PMCID: PMC4662198 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2014.34.6.822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the existence of skeletal muscle troponin I (smTnI), well-known as a muscle protein in fat tissues, and the utilization of smTnI as a biomarker for the identification of fat adulteration were investigated. A commercial antibody (ab97427) specific to all of animals smTnI was used in this study. Fat and meat samples (cooked and non-cooked) of pork and beef, and chicken considered as representative meats were well minced and extracted by heating and non-heating methods, and the extracts from fat and meat tissues were probed by the antibody used in both enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblot. The antibody exhibited a strong reaction to all meat and fat extracts in ELISA test. On the other hand, the results of immunoblot analsis revealed a 23 kDa high intensity band corresponding to the molecular weight of smTnI (23786 Da). These results demonstrate that the existence of smTnI in all animal fat tissues. Since there are monoclonal antibodies specific to each species smTnI, smTnI in fat tissues could be used as a biomarker to identify or determine animal species adulterated in meat products. Therefore, an analytical method to identify fraudulent fat adulteration can be developed with an antibody specific to each species smTnI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Sup Park
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Florida 32306-1493, USA
| | - Young-Kyoung Oh
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Min-Jin Kim
- School of Physics and Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Won-Bo Shim
- Food Analysis Research Team, Industry Service Research Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 500-360, Korea
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Olivier I, Theodorou V, Valet P, Castan-Laurell I, Ferrier L, Eutamène H. Modifications of mesenteric adipose tissue during moderate experimental colitis in mice. Life Sci 2014; 94:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Revised: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Nic Suibhne T, Raftery TC, McMahon O, Walsh C, O'Morain C, O'Sullivan M. High prevalence of overweight and obesity in adults with Crohn's disease: associations with disease and lifestyle factors. J Crohns Colitis 2013; 7:e241-8. [PMID: 23040290 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity and overweight are major public health issues. Although traditionally associated with weight loss, there is now evidence that increasing Body Mass Index (BMI) and overweight are emerging features of Crohn's disease (CD) and may be associated with more severe disease course. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in patients with CD compared with matched healthy controls and to identify disease-specific and generic factors associated with current BMI in this group. METHODS This was a prospective case-control study (n=200), comprising 100 CD outpatients and 100 age-, sex- and socioeconomically-matched healthy controls. BMI, Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI), clinical and lifestyle factors and circulating inflammatory markers were assessed. RESULTS Overall, 40% of patients with CD were overweight/obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)) compared with 52% of controls (P = 0.206). On regression analysis, higher current BMI was significantly associated with disease specific factors, namely lower disease activity (CDAI) and lower white cell count, suggesting stable disease, as well as older age and lower physical activity. BMI was not significantly associated with the need for surgery or the need for corticosteroids. We identified a novel association between higher BMI and higher CRP, a marker linked both with obesity in the general population and with CD. CONCLUSIONS Overweight was common in out-patients with CD and appeared to reflect current wellness, older age and sedentary lifestyles. The potential long-term implications of high BMI for CRP and inflammatory load merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Treasa Nic Suibhne
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Centre for Health Sciences, Adelaide & Meath Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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46
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Ludwig T, Worsch S, Heikenwalder M, Daniel H, Hauner H, Bader BL. Metabolic and immunomodulatory effects of n-3 fatty acids are different in mesenteric and epididymal adipose tissue of diet-induced obese mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E1140-56. [PMID: 23482450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00171.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In studies emphasizing antiobesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-n-3 PUFA), diets with very high fat content, not well-defined fat quality, and extreme n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios have been applied frequently. Additionally, comparative analyses of visceral adipose tissues (VAT) were neglected. Considering the link of visceral obesity to insulin resistance or inflammatory bowel diseases, we hypothesized that VAT, especially mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT), may exhibit differential responsiveness to diets through modulation of metabolic and inflammatory processes. Here, we aimed to assess dietary LC-n-3 PUFA effects on MAT and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) and on MAT-adjacent liver and intestine in diet-induced obese mice fed defined soybean/palm oil-based diets. High-fat (HF) and LC-n-3 PUFA-enriched high-fat diet (HF/n-3) contained moderately high fat with unbalanced and balanced n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios, respectively. Body composition/organ analyses, glucose tolerance test, measurements of insulin, lipids, mRNA and protein expression, and immunohistochemistry were applied. Compared with HF, HF/n-3 mice showed reduced fat mass, smaller adipocytes in MAT than EAT, improved insulin level, and lower hepatic triacylglycerol and plasma NEFA levels, consistent with liver and brown fat gene expression. Gene expression arrays pointed to immune cell activation in MAT and alleviation of intestinal endothelial cell activation. Validations demonstrated simultaneously upregulated pro- (TNFα, MCP-1) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines and M1/M2-macrophage markers in VAT and reduced CD4/CD8α expression in MAT and spleen. Our data revealed differential responsiveness to diets for VAT through preferentially metabolic alterations in MAT and inflammatory processes in EAT. LC-n-3 PUFA effects were pro- and anti-inflammatory and disclose T cell-immunosuppressive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Ludwig
- Clinical Nutritional Medicine Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
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Rodrigues VS, Milanski M, Fagundes JJ, Torsoni AS, Ayrizono MLS, Nunez CEC, Dias CB, Meirelles LR, Dalal S, Coy CSR, Velloso LA, Leal RF. Serum levels and mesenteric fat tissue expression of adiponectin and leptin in patients with Crohn's disease. Clin Exp Immunol 2013; 170:358-64. [PMID: 23121676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2012.04660.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterized by inflammation and an aetiology that is still unknown. Hypertrophy of mesenteric fat is a reflection of disease activity, as this fat covers the entire length of the affected area. Adipocytes synthesize leptin and adiponectin, adipocytokines responsible for pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we evaluated serum levels of adiponectin and leptin, as well as mesenteral expression of adiponectin in active CD and those in remission. Sixteen patients with ileocaecal CD followed at the Outpatient Clinic, Coloproctology Unit of University of Campinas Clinical Hospital, participated in the study. Analysis of serum adiponectin and leptin by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed in patients with active CD (ACD group), remission CD (RCD group) and in six healthy controls. Ten patients with active ileocaecal CD (FCD group) and eight patients with non-inflammatory disease selected for surgery were also studied. The specimens were snap-frozen and the expression of adiponectin was determined by immunoblot of protein extracts. Serum C-reactive protein levels were higher in the ACD group when compared to the others and no difference of body mass index was observed between the groups. Serum adiponectin was lower in the ACD group when compared to control, but no differences were seen when comparing the ACD and RCD groups. Mesenteric adiponectin expression was lower in the FCD group when compared to the FC group. Serum leptin was similar in all groups. The lower levels of serum and mesenteric adiponectin in active CD suggest a defective regulation of anti-inflammatory pathways in CD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Rodrigues
- Coloproctology Unit, Surgery Department, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sclerosing mesenteritis: A rare case of large bowel and rectum involvement. Arab J Gastroenterol 2012; 13:93-6. [PMID: 22980600 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sclerosing mesenteritis (SM) is an uncommon non-neoplastic inflammatory process in the mesentery that is seen as a pseudotumour, usually involving the small-bowel mesentery and, less commonly, the mesentery of the large bowel. The disease has two well-established histological types: the acute or sub-acute form known as mesenteric panniculitis and the chronic form known as retractile or SM. Because SM lacks special clinical manifestation and typical signs, the possibility of misdiagnosis is very high. The correct diagnosis of SM depends on pathological examination. Here in, we report a case of a 41-year-old male patient with SM of the large bowel.
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49
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Zhang H, Chen X, Sairam MR. Novel genes of visceral adiposity: identification of mouse and human mesenteric estrogen-dependent adipose (MEDA)-4 gene and its adipogenic function. Endocrinology 2012; 153:2665-76. [PMID: 22510272 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visceral adiposity represents a high risk factor for type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease as well as various cancers. While studying sex hormone imbalance-induced early obesity and late onset of insulin resistance in FSH receptor knock out female mice, we identified a novel mesenteric estrogen-dependent adipose gene (MEDA-4) selectively up-regulated in a depot-specific manner in mesenteric adipose tissue. Meda-4 cloned from both mouse and human adipose tissue codes for a 34-kDa cytosolic protein with 91% homology. Mouse Meda-4 mRNA is expressed highest in visceral adipose tissue and localizes predominantly in the adipocyte fraction. Human MEDA-4 is also more abundant in omental fat than sc depot in obese patients. In 3T3-L1 cells endogenous Meda-4 expression increases early during differentiation, and its overexpression promotes differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes and enhances glucose uptake. Conversely, short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of Meda-4 reduces both adipogenic and glucose uptake potential. In promoting adipogenesis, Meda-4 up-regulates transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2. Meda-4 promotes lipid accumulation in adipocytes, regulating adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein 2, CD36, lipoprotein lipase, hormone-sensitive lipase, acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase-1, perilipin-1, and fatty acid synthase expression. 17β-Estradiol reduced Meda-4 expression in mesenteric adipose tissue of ovariectomized mice and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Thus our study identifies Meda-4 as a novel adipogenic gene, capable of promoting differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes, increasing lipid content and glucose uptake in adipocytes. Therefore it might play an important role in adipose tissue expansion in normal and aberrant hormonal conditions and pathophysiological states.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H2W 1R7
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50
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Li RX, Ding YB, Zhao SL, Xiao YY, Li QR, Xia FY, Sun L, Lin X, Wu JR, Liao K, Zeng R. Secretome-Derived Isotope Tags (SDIT) Reveal Adipocyte-Derived Apolipoprotein C-I as a Predictive Marker for Cardiovascular Disease. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:2851-62. [DOI: 10.1021/pr201224e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu-Bo Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell
Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes
for Biological Sciences, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shi-Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell
Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes
for Biological Sciences, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qing-run Li
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Fang-Ying Xia
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and
Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes
for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai,
China
| | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and
Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes
for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai,
China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kan Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell
Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes
for Biological Sciences, Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology,
Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for
Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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