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Cao Y, Chen M, Jiao X, Li S, Wang D, Zhan Y, Li J, Hao Z, Li Q, Liu Y, Feng Y, Li R, Wang H, Liu M, Fu Q, Li Y. Neutrophil extracellular traps mediate the crosstalk between plaque microenvironment and unstable carotid plaque formation. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1717-1735. [PMID: 39085350 PMCID: PMC11372095 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01281-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of unstable carotid atherosclerotic plaques is associated with the induction of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) via the activation of diverse inflammatory mediators in the circulating bloodstream. However, the underlying mechanisms through which NETs influence the microenvironment of atherosclerotic plaques and contribute to the development of unstable carotid plaques remain largely elusive. The objective of this study was to elucidate the role of myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD-1, LY86)-induced NETs underlying the crosstalk between unstable plaque formation and the plaque microenvironment. We employed bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes associated with carotid-unstable plaque, followed by comprehensive validation using various experimental approaches on tissue specimens and plasma samples classified based on pathological characteristics. Patients with carotid-unstable plaques exhibited elevated plasma concentrations of MD-1 (LY86), while patients with stable plaques demonstrated comparatively lower levels. Furthermore, soluble MD-1 was found to induce the formation of NETs through activation of Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. The proliferative and immature vascularization effects of NETs on endothelial cells, as well as their inhibitory impact on cell migration, are directly correlated with the concentration of NETs. Additionally, NETs were found to activate the NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby upregulating ICAM1, VCAM1, MMP14, VEGFA, and IL6 expression in both Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and HAECs. Subsequently, a significant increase in intraplaque neovascularization by NETs results in poor carotid plaque stability, and NETs in turn stimulate macrophages to produce more MD-1, generating a harmful positive feedback loop. Our findings suggest that soluble MD-1 in the bloodstream triggers the production of NETs through activation of the Toll-like receptor signaling pathway and further indicate NETs mediate a crosstalk between the microenvironment of the carotid plaque and the neovascularization of the intraplaque region. Inhibiting NETs formation or MD-1 secretion may represent a promising strategy to effectively suppress the development of unstable carotid plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Minghui Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Xinyu Jiao
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150006, China
| | - Shuijie Li
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150076, China
- State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD), Harbin, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Scientific Research Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yongxuan Zhan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Jiaju Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Zhongfei Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Qingbin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Ruiyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Hongjun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Chinese Formulae, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Yongli Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, China.
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2
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Ding T, Wang Y, Meng Y, Wu E, Shao Q, Lin S, Yu Y, Qian J, He Q, Zhang J, Wang J, Kohane DS, Zhan C. Reciprocal Interaction with Neutrophils Facilitates Cutaneous Accumulation of Liposomes. ACS NANO 2024; 18:18769-18784. [PMID: 38950189 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
Liposomes are versatile drug delivery systems in clinical use for cancer and many other diseases. Unfortunately, PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin (sLip/DOX) exhibits serious dose-limiting cutaneous toxicities, which are closely related to the extravascular accumulation of sLip/DOX in the dermis. No clinical interventions have been proposed for cutaneous toxicities due to the elusive transport pathways. Herein, we showed that the reciprocal interaction between liposomes and neutrophils played pivotal roles in liposome extravasation into the dermis. Neutrophils captured liposomes via the complement receptor 3 (CD11b/CD18) recognizing the fragment of complement component C3 (iC3b) deposited on the liposomal surface. Uptake of liposomes also activated neutrophils to induce CD11b upregulation and enhanced the ability of neutrophils to migrate outside the capillaries. Furthermore, inhibition of complement activation either by CRIg-L-FH (a C3b/iC3b targeted complement inhibitor) or blocking the phosphate negative charge in mPEG-DSPE could significantly reduce liposome uptake by neutrophils and alleviate the cutaneous accumulation of liposomes. These results validated the liposome extravasation pathway mediated by neutrophils and provided potential solutions to the devastating cutaneous toxicities occurring during sLip/DOX treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Ding
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Ercan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Qianwen Shao
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shiqi Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yifei Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jun Qian
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Qin He
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry and Sichuan Province, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, P. R. China
| | - Daniel S Kohane
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Drug Delivery, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Changyou Zhan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences & Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Synthetic Immunology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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3
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Singh V, Singh R, Kushwaha R. Exploring novel protein biomarkers for early-stage diagnosis and prognosis of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2024:S2531-1379(24)00063-4. [PMID: 38584071 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2024.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Efficient classification of T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) involves considering various factors, such as age, white blood cell count, and chromosomal alterations. However, studying protein markers are crucial to improving T-ALL patients' diagnosis and treatment. A study analyzing the expression of proteomes was conducted to identify promising early-stage biomarkers for T-ALL patients METHODS: Label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to analyze the blood proteins of both patients and healthy individuals to identify new biomarkers for T-ALL. The findings were validated by RT-PCR, ELISA and computational analysis RESULTS: The study identified 1467 proteins in the blood, of which nine were upregulated and 35 were downregulated by more than 2-fold. T-ALL patients showed a significant increase in specific disease-related proteins, such as eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia protein, triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1, cisplatin resistance-associated-overexpressed protein, X-ray radiation resistance-associated protein 1, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 10D, protein S100-A8, and copine-4, by more than 3-fold CONCLUSION: The findings of this study provide a valuable protein map of leukemic cells and identify potential biomarkers for leukemic aggressiveness. However, further studies using larger T-ALL patient samples must confirm these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Singh
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Ranjana Singh
- King George's Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India,.
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4
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Zheng Y, Li Y, Li M, Wang R, Jiang Y, Zhao M, Lu J, Li R, Li X, Shi S. COVID-19 cooling: Nanostrategies targeting cytokine storm for controlling severe and critical symptoms. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:738-811. [PMID: 37990647 DOI: 10.1002/med.21997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants continue to wreak havoc worldwide, the "Cytokine Storm" (CS, also known as the inflammatory storm) or Cytokine Release Syndrome has reemerged in the public consciousness. CS is a significant contributor to the deterioration of infected individuals. Therefore, CS control is of great significance for the treatment of critically ill patients and the reduction of mortality rates. With the occurrence of variants, concerns regarding the efficacy of vaccines and antiviral drugs with a broad spectrum have grown. We should make an effort to modernize treatment strategies to address the challenges posed by mutations. Thus, in addition to the requirement for additional clinical data to monitor the long-term effects of vaccines and broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, we can use CS as an entry point and therapeutic target to alleviate the severity of the disease in patients. To effectively combat the mutation, new technologies for neutralizing or controlling CS must be developed. In recent years, nanotechnology has been widely applied in the biomedical field, opening up a plethora of opportunities for CS. Here, we put forward the view of cytokine storm as a therapeutic target can be used to treat critically ill patients by expounding the relationship between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and CS and the mechanisms associated with CS. We pay special attention to the representative strategies of nanomaterials in current neutral and CS research, as well as their potential chemical design and principles. We hope that the nanostrategies described in this review provide attractive treatment options for severe and critical COVID-19 caused by CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mao Li
- Health Management Centre, Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rujing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhong Jiang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengnan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sanjun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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5
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Wu J, Barkat MQ, Su J, Wu F, Tan D, Shen T, He Q, Qu M, Lu M, Cai J, Wu X, Xu C. Inhibition of non-muscular myosin light chain kinase accelerates the clearance of inflammatory cells by promoting the lysosome-mediated cell death. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115986. [PMID: 38056232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections like COVID-19 are the primary cause of death around the world because they can cause acute lung injury (ALI), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and sepsis. Inflammatory cells serve as crucial protective barriers in these diseases. However, excessive accumulation of inflammatory cells is also one of the major causes of organ damage. The non-muscular myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) plays crucial of cytoskeletal components involved in endothelial cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesion, integrity, and permeability. Our previous investigations found that ML-7, a specific inhibitor of MLCK, promoted neutrophil apoptosis through various signaling pathways. In this study, we found that knockout of MLCK significantly promote apoptosis of neutrophils and macrophages in the BALF of the LPS-induced ALI, meanwhile it had no effect on the apoptosis of neutrophils in the circulatory system. RNA-sequencing revealed that the effect of MLCK knockout in inducing apoptosis of inflammatory cells was mediated through lysosomes. Administering ML-7 into the lungs significantly promoted neutrophil apoptosis, accelerating their clearance. In the LPS- or CLP-induced sepsis models, ML-7 administration significantly improves the apoptosis of inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils, at the infection site but had no impact on neutrophils in the circulatory system. ML-7 also significantly improved the survival rate of mice with LPS- or CLP-induced sepsis. Taken together, we found that MLCK plays a crucial role in the survival of inflammatory cells at the infection site. Inhibiting MLCK significantly induces apoptosis of inflammatory cells at the infection site, promoting inflammation resolution, with no impact of the circulatory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 310003, China
| | - Muhammad Qasim Barkat
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiakun Su
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Fugen Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First People's Hospital of Wenling City, Wenling 317500, China
| | - Dan Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qiangqiang He
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meiyu Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Meiping Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Jibao Cai
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Jiangxi Industrial Co. Ltd., Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Ximei Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chengyun Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medcine, Hangzhou City University, 310015, China.
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6
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Burkard P, Schonhart C, Vögtle T, Köhler D, Tang L, Johnson D, Hemmen K, Heinze KG, Zarbock A, Hermanns HM, Rosenberger P, Nieswandt B. A key role for platelet GPVI in neutrophil recruitment, migration, and NETosis in the early stages of acute lung injury. Blood 2023; 142:1463-1477. [PMID: 37441848 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023019940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Excessive neutrophil infiltration into the pulmonary airspace is the main cause for the acute inflammation and lung injury. Platelets have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ALI/ARDS, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we show that the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-coupled immunoglobulin-like platelet receptor, glycoprotein VI (GPVI), plays a key role in the early phase of pulmonary thrombo-inflammation in a model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice. In wild-type (WT) control mice, intranasal LPS application triggered severe pulmonary and blood neutrophilia, hypothermia, and increased blood lactate levels. In contrast, GPVI-deficient mice as well as anti-GPVI-treated WT mice were markedly protected from pulmonary and systemic compromises and showed no increased pulmonary bleeding. High-resolution multicolor microscopy of lung sections and intravital confocal microcopy of the ventilated lung revealed that anti-GPVI treatment resulted in less stable platelet interactions with neutrophils and overall reduced platelet-neutrophil complex (PNC) formation. Anti-GPVI treatment also reduced neutrophil crawling and adhesion on endothelial cells, resulting in reduced neutrophil transmigration and alveolar infiltrates. Remarkably, neutrophil activation was also diminished in anti-GPVI-treated animals, associated with strongly reduced formation of PNC clusters and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) compared with that in control mice. These results establish GPVI as a key mediator of neutrophil recruitment, PNC formation, and NET formation (ie, NETosis) in experimental ALI. Thus, GPVI inhibition might be a promising strategy to reduce the acute pulmonary inflammation that causes ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Burkard
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schonhart
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Timo Vögtle
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Köhler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Linyan Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Denise Johnson
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katherina Hemmen
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katrin G Heinze
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heike M Hermanns
- Medical Clinic II, Division of Hepatology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Peter Rosenberger
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Nieswandt
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, Chair of Experimental Biomedicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Integrative and Translational Bioimaging, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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7
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Shi JT, Cao WY, Zhang XN, Wan HY, Su YS, Qu ZY, Wang R, He W, Jing XH, Wang XY. Local analgesia of electroacupuncture is mediated by the recruitment of neutrophils and released β-endorphins. Pain 2023; 164:1965-1975. [PMID: 37027145 PMCID: PMC10436362 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The efficacy of acupuncture in treating pain diseases has been recognized in clinical practice, and its mechanism of action has been a hot topic in academic acupuncture research. Previous basic research on acupuncture analgesia has focused mostly on the nervous system, with few studies addressing the immune system as a potential pathway of acupuncture analgesia. In this study, we investigated the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the β-endorphins (β-END) content, END-containing leukocyte type and number, sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE), and chemokine gene expression in inflamed tissues. To induce inflammatory pain, about 200 µL of complete Frester adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the unilateral medial femoral muscle of adult Wistar rats. Electroacupuncture treatment was performed for 3 days beginning on day 4 after CFA injection, with parameters of 2/100 Hz, 2 mA, and 30 minutes per treatment. The weight-bearing experiment and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that EA treatment significantly relieved spontaneous pain-like behaviors and increased the level of β-END in inflamed tissue. Injection of anti-END antibody in inflamed tissue blocked this analgesic effect. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence staining revealed that the EA-induced increase in β-END was derived from opioid-containing ICAM-1 + /CD11b + immune cells in inflamed tissue. In addition, EA treatment increased the NE content and expression of β2 adrenergic receptor (ADR-β2) in inflammatory tissues and upregulated Cxcl1 and Cxcl6 gene expression levels. These findings provide new evidence for the peripheral analgesic effect of acupuncture treatment by recruiting β-END-containing ICAM-1 + /CD11b + immune cells and increasing the β-END content at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-tao Shi
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Jiujiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiujiang 332005, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Wan-ying Cao
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Zhang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ye Wan
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yang-Shuai Su
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng-Yang Qu
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Jing
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Wang
- Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Su Y, Gao J, Dong X, Wheeler KA, Wang Z. Neutrophil-Mediated Delivery of Nanocrystal Drugs via Photoinduced Inflammation Enhances Cancer Therapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:15542-15555. [PMID: 37577982 PMCID: PMC10480050 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The efficient delivery of anticancer agents into tumor microenvironments is critical for the success of cancer therapies, but it is a prerequisite that drug carriers should overcome tumor vasculature and possess high drug contents. Here, we found that photoinduced inflammation response caused the migration of neutrophils into tumor microenvironments and neutrophils transported neutrophil-targeted nanoparticles (NPs) across the tumor blood barrier. The results showed that tumor delivery efficiencies of NPs were 5% ID/g, and they were independent of particle sizes (30-200 nm) and their doses (108-1011 NPs). To efficiently deliver anticancer agents into tumors via neutrophils, we fabricated carrier-free paclitaxel nanocrystals (PTX NC). The results showed that neutrophil uptake of PTX NC did not impair neutrophil tumor infiltration, and the sustainable release of PTX from PTX NC in tumors was regulated by paclitaxel protein complexes, thus improving the mouse survival in two preclinical models. Our studies demonstrate that delivery of nanocrystal drugs via neutrophils is a promising method to effectively treat a wide range of cancers, and we have also identified a mechanism of drug release from neutrophils in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Jin Gao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Xinyue Dong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Kraig A Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, Whitworth University, Spokane, Washington 99251, United States
| | - Zhenjia Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
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9
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Conley HE, Sheats MK. Targeting Neutrophil β 2-Integrins: A Review of Relevant Resources, Tools, and Methods. Biomolecules 2023; 13:892. [PMID: 37371473 DOI: 10.3390/biom13060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are important innate immune cells that respond during inflammation and infection. These migratory cells utilize β2-integrin cell surface receptors to move out of the vasculature into inflamed tissues and to perform various anti-inflammatory responses. Although critical for fighting off infection, neutrophil responses can also become dysregulated and contribute to disease pathophysiology. In order to limit neutrophil-mediated damage, investigators have focused on β2-integrins as potential therapeutic targets, but so far these strategies have failed in clinical trials. As the field continues to move forward, a better understanding of β2-integrin function and signaling will aid the design of future therapeutics. Here, we provide a detailed review of resources, tools, experimental methods, and in vivo models that have been and will continue to be utilized to investigate the vitally important cell surface receptors, neutrophil β2-integrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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10
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Chihade DB, Smith P, Swift DA, Otani S, Zhang W, Chen CW, Jeffers LA, Liang Z, Shimazui T, Burd EM, Farris AB, Staitieh BS, Guidot DM, Ford ML, Koval M, Coopersmith CM. MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE DELETION WORSENS LUNG PERMEABILITY AND INCREASES MORTALITY IN PNEUMONIA-INDUCED SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 59:612-620. [PMID: 36640152 PMCID: PMC10065930 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Increased epithelial permeability in sepsis is mediated via disruptions in tight junctions, which are closely associated with the perijunctional actin-myosin ring. Genetic deletion of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) reverses sepsis-induced intestinal hyperpermeability and improves survival in a murine model of intra-abdominal sepsis. In an attempt to determine the generalizability of these findings, this study measured the impact of MLCK deletion on survival and potential associated mechanisms following pneumonia-induced sepsis. MLCK -/- and wild-type mice underwent intratracheal injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Unexpectedly, survival was significantly worse in MLCK -/- mice than wild-type mice. This was associated with increased permeability to Evans blue dye in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid but not in tissue homogenate, suggesting increased alveolar epithelial leak. In addition, bacterial burden was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Cytokine array using whole-lung homogenate demonstrated increases in multiple proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in knockout mice. These local pulmonary changes were associated with systemic inflammation with increased serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 and a marked increase in bacteremia in MLCK -/- mice. Increased numbers of both bulk and memory CD4 + T cells were identified in the spleens of knockout mice, with increased early and late activation. These results demonstrate that genetic deletion of MLCK unexpectedly increases mortality in pulmonary sepsis, associated with worsened alveolar epithelial leak and both local and systemic inflammation. This suggests that caution is required in targeting MLCK for therapeutic gain in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prestina Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | | | | | - Lauren A Jeffers
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Eileen M Burd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alton B Farris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - David M Guidot
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
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11
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Manole S, Rancea R, Vulturar R, Simon SP, Molnar A, Damian L. Frail Silk: Is the Hughes-Stovin Syndrome a Behçet Syndrome Subtype with Aneurysm-Involved Gene Variants? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043160. [PMID: 36834577 PMCID: PMC9968083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a rare disease characterized by thrombophlebitis and multiple pulmonary and/or bronchial aneurysms. The etiology and pathogenesis of HSS are incompletely known. The current consensus is that vasculitis underlies the pathogenic process, and pulmonary thrombosis follows arterial wall inflammation. As such, Hughes-Stovin syndrome may belong to the vascular cluster with lung involvement of Behçet syndrome, although oral aphtae, arthritis, and uveitis are rarely found. Behçet syndrome is a multifactorial polygenic disease with genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and mostly immunological contributors. The different Behçet syndrome phenotypes are presumably based upon different genetic determinants involving more than one pathogenic pathway. Hughes-Stovin syndrome may have common pathways with fibromuscular dysplasias and other diseases evolving with vascular aneurysms. We describe a Hughes-Stovin syndrome case fulfilling the Behçet syndrome criteria. A MYLK variant of unknown significance was detected, along with other heterozygous mutations in genes that may impact angiogenesis pathways. We discuss the possible involvement of these genetic findings, as well as other potential common determinants of Behçet/Hughes-Stovin syndrome and aneurysms in vascular Behçet syndrome. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques, including genetic testing, could help diagnose a specific Behçet syndrome subtype and other associated conditions to personalize the disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Manole
- Department of Radiology, “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Radiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Rancea
- Cardiology Department, Heart Institute “Niculae Stăncioiu”, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy 6, Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30, Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Siao-Pin Simon
- Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Discipline of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Molnar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Institute “Niculae Stăncioiu”, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Damian
- Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior Street, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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12
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Wang J, Le W, Yan T, Jiang J, Chen B. Usage of Nanoparticles to Alter Neutrophils' Function for Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:3676-3689. [PMID: 36018296 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the most abundant white blood cells in the human body, are important immune cells responsible for the innate immune response. Neutrophils can migrate to inflammatory areas, such as tumor sites and infection sites, because of chemotaxis. Neutrophil-based nanomaterials, such as neutrophil-nanomaterial composites and neutrophil membrane-based nanomaterials, can help the drug or imaging agent gather in the inflammatory area with the help of chemotaxis. In addition, some nanomaterials can interfere with the function of neutrophils to treat tissue damage caused by excessive local accumulation of neutrophils. This review focuses on the interaction between nanomaterials and neutrophils as well as the applications of neutrophil-based nanomaterials and neutrophil-interfering nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wenjun Le
- Shanghai East Hospital Ji'an Hospital, 80 Ji'an South Road, Ji'an City 343000, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Tinghua Yan
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinhua Jiang
- Department of Interventional Oncology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Shutova MS, Boehncke WH. Mechanotransduction in Skin Inflammation. Cells 2022; 11:2026. [PMID: 35805110 PMCID: PMC9265324 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the process of mechanotransduction, the cells in the body perceive and interpret mechanical stimuli to maintain tissue homeostasis and respond to the environmental changes. Increasing evidence points towards dysregulated mechanotransduction as a pathologically relevant factor in human diseases, including inflammatory conditions. Skin is the organ that constantly undergoes considerable mechanical stresses, and the ability of mechanical factors to provoke inflammatory processes in the skin has long been known, with the Koebner phenomenon being an example. However, the molecular mechanisms and key factors linking mechanotransduction and cutaneous inflammation remain understudied. In this review, we outline the key players in the tissue's mechanical homeostasis, the available data, and the gaps in our current understanding of their aberrant regulation in chronic cutaneous inflammation. We mainly focus on psoriasis as one of the most studied skin inflammatory diseases; we also discuss mechanotransduction in the context of skin fibrosis as a result of chronic inflammation. Even though the role of mechanotransduction in inflammation of the simple epithelia of internal organs is being actively studied, we conclude that the mechanoregulation in the stratified epidermis of the skin requires more attention in future translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Shutova
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Wolf-Henning Boehncke
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
- Department of Dermatology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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14
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Margraf A, Perretti M. Immune Cell Plasticity in Inflammation: Insights into Description and Regulation of Immune Cell Phenotypes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111824. [PMID: 35681519 PMCID: PMC9180515 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a life-saving immune reaction occurring in response to invading pathogens. Nonetheless, inflammation can also occur in an uncontrolled, unrestricted manner, leading to chronic disease and organ damage. Mechanisms triggering an inflammatory response, hindering such a response, or leading to its resolution are well-studied but so far insufficiently elucidated with regard to precise therapeutic interventions. Notably, as an immune reaction evolves, requirements and environments for immune cells change, and thus cellular phenotypes adapt and shift, leading to the appearance of distinct cellular subpopulations with new functional features. In this article, we aim to highlight properties of, and overarching regulatory factors involved in, the occurrence of immune cell phenotypes with a special focus on neutrophils, macrophages and platelets. Additionally, we point out implications for both diagnostics and therapeutics in inflammation research.
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15
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Ou Z, Dolmatova E, Mandavilli R, Qu H, Gafford G, White T, Valdivia A, Lassègue B, Hernandes MS, Griendling KK. Myeloid Poldip2 Contributes to the Development of Pulmonary Inflammation by Regulating Neutrophil Adhesion in a Murine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025181. [PMID: 35535614 PMCID: PMC9238549 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.025181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Lung injury, a severe adverse outcome of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome, is attributed to excessive neutrophil recruitment and effector response. Poldip2 (polymerase δ-interacting protein 2) plays a critical role in regulating endothelial permeability and leukocyte recruitment in acute inflammation. Thus, we hypothesized that myeloid Poldip2 is involved in neutrophil recruitment to inflamed lungs. Methods and Results After characterizing myeloid-specific Poldip2 knockout mice, we showed that at 18 hours post-lipopolysaccharide injection, bronchoalveolar lavage from myeloid Poldip2-deficient mice contained fewer inflammatory cells (8 [4-16] versus 29 [12-57]×104/mL in wild-type mice) and a smaller percentage of neutrophils (30% [28%-34%] versus 38% [33%-41%] in wild-type mice), while the main chemoattractants for neutrophils remained unaffected. In vitro, Poldip2-deficient neutrophils responded as well as wild-type neutrophils to inflammatory stimuli with respect to neutrophil extracellular trap formation, reactive oxygen species production, and induction of cytokines. However, neutrophil adherence to a tumor necrosis factor-α stimulated endothelial monolayer was inhibited by Poldip2 depletion (225 [115-272] wild-type [myePoldip2+/+] versus 133 [62-178] myeloid-specific Poldip2 knockout [myePoldip2-/-] neutrophils) as was transmigration (1.7 [1.3-2.1] versus 1.1 [1.0-1.4] relative to baseline transmigration). To determine the underlying mechanism, we examined the surface expression of β2-integrin, its binding to soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1, and Pyk2 phosphorylation. Surface expression of β2-integrins was not affected by Poldip2 deletion, whereas β2-integrins and Pyk2 were less activated in Poldip2-deficient neutrophils. Conclusions These results suggest that myeloid Poldip2 is involved in β2-integrin activation during the inflammatory response, which in turn mediates neutrophil-to-endothelium adhesion in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ou
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Xiangya HospitalCentral South University Changsha China
| | - Elena Dolmatova
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Rohan Mandavilli
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Hongyan Qu
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Georgette Gafford
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Taylor White
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Alejandra Valdivia
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Marina S Hernandes
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine Emory University Atlanta GA
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16
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PI3Kγ stimulates a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase to promote myeloid cell adhesion and tumor inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1768. [PMID: 35365657 PMCID: PMC8975949 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29471-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cells play key roles in cancer immune suppression and tumor progression. In response to tumor derived factors, circulating monocytes and granulocytes extravasate into the tumor parenchyma where they stimulate angiogenesis, immune suppression and tumor progression. Chemokines, cytokines and interleukins stimulate PI3Kγ-mediated Rap1 activation, leading to conformational changes in integrin α4β1 that promote myeloid cell extravasation and tumor inflammation Here we show that PI3Kγ activates a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase, MLCK210, that promotes myosin-dependent Rap1 GTP loading, leading to integrin α4β1 activation. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of MLCK210 suppresses integrin α4β1 activation, as well as tumor inflammation and progression. These results demonstrate a critical role for myeloid cell MLCK210 in tumor inflammation and serve as basis for the development of alternative approaches to develop immune oncology therapeutics. Myeloid cell recruitment during tumor inflammation depends on the VCAM-1 receptor integrin α4β1. Here the authors show that a high molecular weight form of myosin light chain kinase, MLCK210, is required for myeloid cell integrin α4β1 activation and adhesion and that MLCK210 inhibition reduces tumor growth and inflammation in preclinical cancer models.
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17
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Chen Y, Huang C, Chen X, Cai Y, Li W, Fang X, Zhang W. Bone protein analysis via label-free quantitative proteomics in patients with periprosthetic joint infection. J Proteomics 2022; 252:104448. [PMID: 34883267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication of arthroplasty. The treatment of PJI often requires multiple operations and long-term use of antibiotics, making PJI a substantial health and economic burden for patients. Therefore, there is an urgent need to elucidate the pathological mechanism of PJI to explore new therapeutic methods. This study aimed to explore proteomics changes in bone tissue around the prosthesis during PJI development, to explain the pathological mechanism and to provide new treatment ideas. Ten patients who underwent revision surgery at our institution were included: 5 patients with Staphylococcus aureus PJI and 5 patients with aseptic failure. The proteomics changes in bone tissues after PJI were investigated by label-free quantitative proteomics, and the pathways affected by the differential proteins were analyzed by GO annotation, GO enrichment analysis, KEGG enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network analysis. We identified 435 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 213 upregulated and 222 downregulated proteins. Analysis revealed activation of immune-related pathways, such as complement and coagulation cascades, phagocytosis, and neutrophil activation, and inhibition of energy metabolism pathways represented by the TCA cycle. We also observed an altered balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts during S. aureus PJI. We hope that these processes will reveal new treatment ideas. SIGNIFICANCE: PJI is a catastrophic complication of arthroplasty. When infection occurs, bacteria may invade periprosthetic bone tissue to escape immunity and cause damage. So far, only few studies focused on the changes of proteomics associated to PJI. This is the first study to describe the proteomics changes of periprosthetic bone tissue of patients with PJI. We found that the pathological process of S. aureus PJI mainly involves activation of the immune system, decreased energy metabolism, and an altered balance of osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changyu Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Yuanqing Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinyu Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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18
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María Irene CC, Juan Germán RC, Gamaliel LL, Dulce Adriana ME, Estela Isabel B, Brenda Nohemí M, Payan Jorge B, Zyanya Lucía ZB, Myriam BDV, Fernanda CG, Adrian OL, Martha Isabel M, Rogelio HP. Profiling the immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing family infection: a perspective from the transcriptome. Virulence 2021; 12:1689-1704. [PMID: 34228582 PMCID: PMC8265813 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1936432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis continues to be an important public health problem. Particularly considering Beijing-family strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which have been associated with drug-resistance and hypervirulence. The Beijing-like SIT190 (BL) is the most prevalent Beijing strain in Colombia. The pathogenic mechanism and immune response against this pathogen is unknown. Thus, we compared the course of pulmonary TB in BALB/c mice infected with Classical-Beijing strain 391 and BL strain 323. The disease course was different among infected animals with Classical-Beijing and BL strain. Mice infected with BL had a 100% mortality at 45 days post-infection (dpi), with high bacillary loads and massive pneumonia, whereas infected animals with Classical-Beijing survived until 60 dpi and showed extensive pneumonia and necrosis. Lung RNA extraction was carried out at early (day 3 dpi), intermediate (day 14 dpi), and late (days 28 and 60 dpi) time points of infection. Transcriptional analysis of infected mice with Classical-Beijing showed several over-expressed genes, associated with a pro-inflammatory profile, including those for coding for CCL3 and CCL4 chemokines, both biomarkers of disease severity. Conversely, mice infected with BL displayed a profile which included the over-expression of several genes associated with immune-suppression, including Nkiras, Dleu2, and Sphk2, highlighting an anti-inflammatory milieu which would allow high bacterial replication followed by an intense inflammatory response. In summary, both Beijing strains induced a non-protective immune response which induced extensive tissue damage, BL strain induced rapidly extensive pneumonia and death, whereas Classical-Beijing strain produced slower extensive pneumonia later associated with extensive necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cerezo-Cortés María Irene
- Universidad Nacional De Colombia, Facultad De Medicina, Departamento De Microbiología, Laboratorio De Micobacterias
| | | | - López-Leal Gamaliel
- Departamento De Microbiología Molecular, Instituto De Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Mata-Espinosa Dulce Adriana
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Bini Estela Isabel
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Marquina–Casitllo Brenda Nohemí
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Barrios Payan Jorge
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Zatarain-Barrón Zyanya Lucía
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
| | - Bobadilla del Valle Myriam
- Departamento De Microbiología Clínica, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán Ciudad De México, México
| | - Cornejo-Granados Fernanda
- Departamento De Microbiología Molecular, Instituto De Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Ochoa-Leyva Adrian
- Departamento De Microbiología Molecular, Instituto De Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México, Avenida Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Murcia Martha Isabel
- Universidad Nacional De Colombia, Facultad De Medicina, Departamento De Microbiología, Laboratorio De Micobacterias
| | - Hernández-Pando Rogelio
- Sección De Patología Experimental, Departamento De Patología, Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad De México, México
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Rho signaling inhibition mitigates lung injury via targeting neutrophil recruitment and selectin-AKT signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119122. [PMID: 34425130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the early responders of the immune system, eliminate intruders, but their over-activation can also instigate tissue damage leading to various autoimmune and inflammatory disease conditions. As approaches causing neutropenia are associated with immunodeficiency, targeting aberrant neutrophil infiltration offers an attractive strategy in neutrophil-centered diseases including acute lung injury. Rho GTPase family proteins Rho, Rac and Cdc42 play important role as regulators of chemotaxis in diverse systems. Rho inhibitors protected against lung injuries, while genetic Rho-deficiency exhibited neutrophil hyperactivity and exacerbated lung injury. These differential outcomes might be due to distinct effects on different cell types or activation/ inhibition of specific signaling pathways responsible for neutrophil polarity, migration and functions. In this study, we explored neutrophil centric effects of Rho signaling mitigation. Consistent with previous reports, Rho signaling inhibitor Y-27632 provided protection against acute lung injury, but without regulating LPS mediated systemic increase of neutrophils in the circulation. Interestingly, the adoptive transfer approach identified a specific defect in neutrophil migration capacity after Rho signaling mitigation. These defects were associated with loss of polarity and altered actin dynamics identified using time-lapse in vitro studies. Further analysis revealed a rescue of stimulation-dependent L-selectin shedding on neutrophils with Rho signaling inhibitor. Surprisingly, functional blocking of L-selectin (CD62L) led to defective recruitment of neutrophils into inflamed lungs. Further, single-cell level analyses identified MAPK signaling as downstream mechanism of Rho signaling and L-selectin mediated effects. p-AKT levels were diminished in detergent resistance membrane-associated signalosome upon Rho signaling inhibition and blockade of selectin. Moreover, inhibition of AKT signaling as well as selectin blocking led to defects in neutrophil polarity. Together, this study identified Rho-dependent distinct L-selectin and AKT signaling mediated regulation of neutrophil recruitment to inflamed lung tissue.
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20
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Qiao P, Zhang D, Zeng S, Wang Y, Wang B, Hu X. Using machine learning method to identify MYLK as a novel marker to predict biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer. Biomark Med 2021; 15:29-41. [PMID: 33427497 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to identify novel marker to predict biochemical recurrence (BCR) in prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy with negative surgical margin. Materials & methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas database, Gene Expression Omnibus database and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia database were employed. The ensemble support vector machine-recursive feature elimination method was performed to select crucial gene for BCR. Results: We identified MYLK as a novel and independent biomarker for BCR in The Cancer Genome Atlas training cohort and confirmed in four independent Gene Expression Omnibus validation cohorts. Multi-omic analysis suggested that MYLK was a DNA methylation-driven gene. Additionally, MYLK had significant positive correlations with immune infiltrations. Conclusion:MYLK was identified and validated as a novel, robust and independent biomarker for BCR in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qiao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Zeng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yicun Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Biao Wang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Urology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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21
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Ou Z, Dolmatova E, Lassègue B, Griendling KK. β1- and β2-integrins: central players in regulating vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment during acute inflammation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 320:H734-H739. [PMID: 33337960 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00518.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The integrin family, an indispensable part of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, consists of a group of heterodimeric adhesion receptors formed by α- and β-integrin subunits. Their wide expression and unique bidirectional signaling pathways allow them to play roles in a variety of biological activities including blood clot formation, cell attachment, and migration. Evidence suggests that integrins are essential regulators of the initiation of acute inflammation, especially two key aspects of this process i.e., vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment. This mini-review discusses the importance of integrins at the onset of the acute inflammatory response and outlines research advances regarding the function of integrins and their modulators at different stages of this process. Insights into the fine-tuning of integrin signaling during acute inflammation may inspire the design of new drugs for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Ou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elena Dolmatova
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Bernard Lassègue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kathy K Griendling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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22
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Srivastava N, Tauseef M, Amin R, Joshi B, Joshi JC, Kini V, Klomp J, Li W, Knezevic N, Barbera N, Siddiqui S, Obukhov A, Karginov A, Levitan I, Komarova Y, Mehta D. Noncanonical function of long myosin light chain kinase in increasing ER-PM junctions and augmentation of SOCE. FASEB J 2020; 34:12805-12819. [PMID: 32772419 PMCID: PMC7496663 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902462rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Increased endothelial permeability leads to excessive exudation of plasma proteins and leukocytes in the interstitium, which characterizes several vascular diseases including acute lung injury. The myosin light chain kinase long (MYLK-L) isoform is canonically known to regulate the endothelial permeability by phosphorylating myosin light chain (MLC-P). Compared to the short MYLK isoform, MYLK-L contains an additional stretch of ~919 amino acid at the N-terminus of unknown function. We show that thapsigargin and thrombin-induced SOCE was markedly reduced in Mylk-L-/- endothelial cells (EC) or MYLK-L-depleted human EC. These agonists also failed to increase endothelial permeability in MYLK-L-depleted EC and Mylk-L-/- lungs, thus demonstrating the novel role of MYLK-L-induced SOCE in increasing vascular permeability. MYLK-L augmented SOCE by increasing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-plasma membrane (PM) junctions and STIM1 translocation to these junctions. Transduction of N-MYLK domain (amino acids 1-919 devoid of catalytic activity) into Mylk-L-/- EC rescued SOCE to the level seen in control EC in a STIM1-dependent manner. N-MYLK-induced SOCE augmented endothelial permeability without MLC-P via an actin-binding motif, DVRGLL. Liposomal-mediated delivery of N-MYLK mutant but not ∆DVRGLL-N-MYLK mutant in Mylk-L-/- mice rescued vascular permeability increase in response to endotoxin, indicating that targeting of DVRGLL motif within MYLK-L may limit SOCE-induced vascular hyperpermeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nityanand Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Mohammad Tauseef
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoILUSA
| | - Ruhul Amin
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Bhagwati Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Jagdish Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Vidisha Kini
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Jennifer Klomp
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Weenan Li
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Nebojsa Knezevic
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Nicolas Barbera
- Department of MedicineThe Uniiversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Shahid Siddiqui
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Alexander Obukhov
- Department of Cellular and Integrative PhysiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA
| | - Andrei Karginov
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Irena Levitan
- Department of MedicineThe Uniiversity of IllinoisChicagoILUSA
| | - Yulia Komarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
| | - Dolly Mehta
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Lung and Vascular BiologyThe University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoILUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesChicago State University College of PharmacyChicagoILUSA
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23
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Zhang Y, Yang X, He X, Liu H, Guo P, Liu X, Xiao Y, Feng X, Wang Y, Li L. A novel mutation of the ITGB2 gene in a Chinese Zhuang minority patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type 1 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency. Gene 2019; 715:144027. [PMID: 31374327 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the clinical and molecular characteristics of a Chinese Zhuang minority patient with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-1 (LAD-1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD). METHODS Routine clinical and physical examinations were performed, and patient data was collected and analyzed. Protein expression levels of Itgb2 and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6pd) proteins were assessed by flow cytometry and the glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) substrate method, respectively. Whole exome sequencing was performed to investigate genetic variations of the patient and his parents. RESULTS The patient had fester disease and delayed separation of the umbilical cord at birth. Staphylococcus was detected in the fluid secretion of the auditory meatus of the patient. He exhibited a recurrent cheek scab, swollen hand, and swollen gum. Hematological examination indicated dramatic elevation of leukocytes including lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils. A novel homozygous mutation was detected in the ITGB2 gene of the patient, which was determined to be a two nucleotide deletion at the site of c.1537-1538 (c.1537-1538delGT), causing a frameshift of 24 amino acids from p.513 and inducing a stop codon (p.V513Lfs*24). A base substitution mutation was identified at c.1466 (c.1466G>T) of G6PD on chromosome X of the patient, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to leucine at p.489 (p.R489L). The patient also showed deficient lymphocyte expression of CD18 (2.99%) and significant downregulation of the G6pd protein. CONCLUSIONS The patient was diagnosed with G6PDD and moderate LAD-1. The combination of LAD-1 and G6PDD in this case may have been due to the high incidence of genetic disease in this minority ethnic population. Analyzing existing LAD-1 and G6PDD cases from different populations can facilitate disease diagnosis and treatment. Particularly, reporting pathogenic mutations of LAD-1 and G6PDD will be crucial for genetic testing and prenatal diagnosis in an effort to decrease the incidence of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaotao Yang
- Department of 2nd Infections, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Pin Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Xingxing Feng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Department of 2nd Infections, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
| | - Li Li
- Kunming Key Laboratory of Children Infection and Immunity, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Children's Major Disease Research, Yunnan Medical Center for Pediatric Diseases, Yunnan Institute of Pediatrics, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming 650228, Yunnan, China.
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24
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Graham WV, He W, Marchiando AM, Zha J, Singh G, Li HS, Biswas A, Ong MLDM, Jiang ZH, Choi W, Zuccola H, Wang Y, Griffith J, Wu J, Rosenberg HJ, Wang Y, Snapper SB, Ostrov D, Meredith SC, Miller LW, Turner JR. Intracellular MLCK1 diversion reverses barrier loss to restore mucosal homeostasis. Nat Med 2019; 25:690-700. [PMID: 30936544 PMCID: PMC6461392 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-019-0393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial barrier loss is a driver of intestinal and systemic diseases. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is a key effector of barrier dysfunction and a potential therapeutic target, but enzymatic inhibition has unacceptable toxicities. Here, we show that a unique domain within the MLCK splice-variant MLCK1 directs perijunctional actomyosin ring (PAMR) recruitment. Using the domain structure and multiple screens, we identified a domain-binding small molecule (Divertin) that blocks MLCK1 recruitment without inhibiting enzymatic function. Divertin blocks acute, TNF-induced MLCK1 recruitment as well as downstream MLC phosphorylation, barrier loss, and diarrhea in vitro and in vivo. Divertin corrects barrier dysfunction and prevents disease development and progression in experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Beyond applications of Divertin in gastrointestinal disease, this general approach to enzymatic inhibition by preventing access to specific subcellular sites provides a new paradigm for safely and precisely targeting individual properties of enzymes with multiple functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vallen Graham
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Weiqi He
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Juanmin Zha
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gurminder Singh
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua-Shan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Amlan Biswas
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ma Lora Drizella M Ong
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zhi-Hui Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda Genomic Resource Center, Soochow University, and Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wangsun Choi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Yitang Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jingshing Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Yingmin Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Scott B Snapper
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Ostrov
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Lawrence W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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25
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Neutrophil transendothelial migration: updates and new perspectives. Blood 2019; 133:2149-2158. [PMID: 30898863 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-12-844605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the first line of cellular defense against invading microorganism by rapidly moving across the blood-endothelial cell (EC) barrier and exerting effector cell functions. The neutrophil recruitment cascade to inflamed tissues involves elements of neutrophil rolling, firm adhesion, and crawling onto the EC surface before extravasating by breaching the EC barrier. The interaction between neutrophils and ECs occurs via various adhesive modules and is a critical event determining the mode of neutrophil transmigration, either at the EC junction (paracellular) or directly through the EC body (transcellular). Once thought to be a homogenous entity, new evidence clearly points to the plasticity of neutrophil functions. This review will focus on recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of the neutrophil transmigration process. It will discuss how neutrophil-EC interactions and the subsequent mode of diapedesis, junctional or nonjunctional, can be context dependent and how this plasticity may be exploited clinically.
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26
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Maas SL, Soehnlein O, Viola JR. Organ-Specific Mechanisms of Transendothelial Neutrophil Migration in the Lung, Liver, Kidney, and Aorta. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2739. [PMID: 30538702 PMCID: PMC6277681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses are dependent on the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation. The classical leukocyte recruitment cascade, consisting of capture, rolling, arrest, adhesion, crawling, and transendothelial migration, is thoroughly studied but mostly in model systems, such as the cremasteric microcirculation. This cascade paradigm, which is widely accepted, might be applicable to many tissues, however recruitment mechanisms might substantially vary in different organs. Over the last decade, several studies shed light on organ-specific mechanisms of leukocyte recruitment. An improved awareness of this matter opens new therapeutic windows and allows targeting inflammation in a tissue-specific manner. The aim of this review is to summarize the current understanding of the leukocyte recruitment in general and how this varies in different organs. In particular we focus on neutrophils, as these are the first circulating leukocytes to reach the site of inflammation. Specifically, the recruitment mechanism in large arteries, as well as vessels in the lungs, liver, and kidney will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne L Maas
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Soehnlein
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (FyFa) and Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joana R Viola
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
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27
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Xu F, Sang W, Li L, He X, Wang F, Wen T, Zeng N. Protective effects of ethyl acetate extracts of Rimulus Cinnamon on systemic inflammation and lung injury in endotoxin-poisoned mice. Drug Chem Toxicol 2018; 42:309-316. [PMID: 30257565 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2018.1509987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Rimulus cinnamon is the dried twig of Cinnamomum cassia Presl. It is widely used in China for the treatment of inflammatory processes, amenorrhea, and other diseases. We aimed to study the protective effects of ethyl acetate extracts of R. cinnamon (EAE) on systemic inflammation and lung injury in endotoxin-poisoned mice. EAE was administered 5 d prior to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge with 15 mg/kg LPS. The administration of EAE increased the levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and decreased the levels of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum. Additionally, EAE relieved the pathological changes in the tissues of the lungs and spleen, and significantly reduced the number of neutrophils in the lung tissues. In addition, treatment with EAE decreased the mRNA expression of the NLR family, pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the lungs, as well as the expression of NLRP3, caspase-1 (p20), and pro-IL-1β proteins. These results demonstrated the promising anti-inflammatory effects of EAE in endotoxin-poisoned mice. Furthermore, EAE could alleviate the lung injury of endotoxin-poisoned mice by antagonizing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Wentao Sang
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Ling Li
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Xinyu He
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Taoqun Wen
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
| | - Nan Zeng
- a Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Chengdu University of TCM , Chengdu , Sichuan , P.R. China
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28
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Choi C, Kwon J, Lim S, Helfman DM. Integrin β1, myosin light chain kinase and myosin IIA are required for activation of PI3K-AKT signaling following MEK inhibition in metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63466-63487. [PMID: 27563827 PMCID: PMC5325378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of targeted therapies against the Ras-ERK signaling pathway are limited due to adaptive resistance of tumor cells. Inhibition of the Ras-ERK pathway can result in activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway, thereby diminishing the therapeutic effects of targeting ERK signaling. Here we investigated the crosstalk between the Ras-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines that have a preference to metastasize to lung (LM2), brain (BrM2) or bone (BoM2). Inhibition of the Ras-ERK pathway reduced motility in both parental and BoM2 cells. In contrast, inhibition of the Ras-ERK pathway in BrM2 and LM2 cells resulted in activation of PI3K-AKT signaling that was responsible for continued cell motility. Analysis of the cross talk between Ras-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways revealed integrin β1, myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin IIA are required for the activation of PI3K-AKT following inhibition of the Ras-ERK pathway. Furthermore, feedback activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway following MEK suppression was independent of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Thus, integrin β1, MLCK, and myosin IIA are factors in the development of resistance to MEK inhibitors. These proteins could provide an opportunity to develop markers and therapeutic targets in a subgroup of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) that exhibit resistance against MEK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolwon Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon, Korea
| | - Junyeob Kwon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon, Korea
| | - David M Helfman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon, Korea
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29
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Schnoor M, García Ponce A, Vadillo E, Pelayo R, Rossaint J, Zarbock A. Actin dynamics in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment during endotoxemia and sepsis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1985-1997. [PMID: 28154894 PMCID: PMC11107778 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2449-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a leading cause of death worldwide. Increased vascular permeability is a major hallmark of sepsis. Dynamic alterations in actin fiber formation play an important role in the regulation of endothelial barrier functions and thus vascular permeability. Endothelial integrity requires a delicate balance between the formation of cortical actin filaments that maintain endothelial cell contact stability and the formation of actin stress fibers that generate pulling forces, and thus compromise endothelial cell contact stability. Current research has revealed multiple molecular pathways that regulate actin dynamics and endothelial barrier dysfunction during sepsis. These include intracellular signaling proteins of the small GTPases family (e.g., Rap1, RhoA and Rac1) as well as the molecules that are directly acting on the actomyosin cytoskeleton such as myosin light chain kinase and Rho kinases. Another hallmark of sepsis is an excessive recruitment of neutrophils that also involves changes in the actin cytoskeleton in both endothelial cells and neutrophils. This review focuses on the available evidence about molecules that control actin dynamics and regulate endothelial barrier functions and neutrophil recruitment. We also discuss treatment strategies using pharmaceutical enzyme inhibitors to target excessive vascular permeability and leukocyte recruitment in septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schnoor
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alexander García Ponce
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Vadillo
- Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Centre for Investigation and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosana Pelayo
- Oncology Research Unit, National Medical Center, Mexican Institute for Social Security, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jan Rossaint
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Zarbock
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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30
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Ávila-Rodríguez D, Solano Agama C, González-Pozos S, Vicente Méndez-Méndez J, Ortiz Plata A, Arreola-Mendoza L, Mendoza-Garrido ME. The shift in GH3 cell shape and cell motility is dependent on MLCK and ROCK. Exp Cell Res 2017; 354:1-17. [PMID: 28300565 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal organization, actin-myosin contractility and the cell membrane together regulate cell morphology in response to the cell environment, wherein the extracellular matrix (ECM) is an indispensable component. Plasticity in cell shape enables cells to adapt their migration mode to their surroundings. GH3 endocrine cells respond to different ECM proteins, acquiring different morphologies: a rounded on collagen I-III (C I-III) and an elongated on collagen IV (C IV). However, the identities of the molecules that participate in these responses remain unknown. Considering that actin-myosin contractility is crucial to maintaining cell shape, we analyzed the participation of MLCK and ROCK in the acquisition of cell shape, the generation of cellular tension and the cell motility mode. We found that a rounded shape with high cortical tension depends on MLCK and ROCK, whereas in cells with an elongated shape, MLCK is the primary protein responsible for cell spreading. Further, in cells with a slow and directionally persistent motility, MLCK predominates, while rapid and erratic movement is ROCK-dependent. This behavior also correlates with GTPase activation. Cells on C I-III exhibited higher Rho-GTPase activity than cells on C IV and vice versa with Rac-GTPase activity, showing a plastic response of GH3 cells to their environment, leading to the generation of different cytoskeleton and membrane organizations and resulting in two movement strategies, rounded and fibroblastoid-like.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Ávila-Rodríguez
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carmen Solano Agama
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sirenia González-Pozos
- Central Laboratories, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Vicente Méndez-Méndez
- Center of Nanosciences and Micro and Nanotechnology (CNMN), National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alma Ortiz Plata
- Laboratory of Experimental Neuropathology, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Arreola-Mendoza
- Department of Biosciences and Engineering, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Studies on Environment and Development (CIIEMAD), National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María E Mendoza-Garrido
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Khapchaev AY, Shirinsky VP. Myosin Light Chain Kinase MYLK1: Anatomy, Interactions, Functions, and Regulation. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1676-1697. [PMID: 28260490 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791613006x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review discusses and summarizes the results of molecular and cellular investigations of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK, MYLK1), the key regulator of cell motility. The structure and regulation of a complex mylk1 gene and the domain organization of its products is presented. The interactions of the mylk1 gene protein products with other proteins and posttranslational modifications of the mylk1 gene protein products are reviewed, which altogether might determine the role and place of MLCK in physiological and pathological reactions of cells and entire organisms. Translational potential of MLCK as a drug target is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Y Khapchaev
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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32
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Szilágyi KL, Liu C, Zhang X, Wang T, Fortman JD, Zhang W, Garcia JGN. Epigenetic contribution of the myosin light chain kinase gene to the risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Transl Res 2017; 180:12-21. [PMID: 27543902 PMCID: PMC5253100 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a devastating clinical syndrome with a considerable case fatality rate (∼30%-40%). Health disparities exist with African descent (AD) subjects exhibiting greater mortality than European descent (ED) individuals. Myosin light chain kinase is encoded by MYLK, whose genetic variants are implicated in ARDS pathogenesis and may influence ARDS mortality. As baseline population-specific epigenetic changes, that is, cytosine modifications, have been observed between AD and ED individuals, epigenetic variations in MYLK may provide insights into ARDS disparities. We compared methylation levels of MYLK cytosine-guanine dinucleotides (CpGs) between ARDS patients and intensive care unit (ICU) controls overall and by ethnicity in a nested case-control study of 39 ARDS cases and 75 non-ARDS ICU controls. Two MYLK CpG sites (cg03892735 and cg23344121) were differentially modified between ARDS subjects and controls (P < 0.05; q < 0.25) in a logistic regression model, where no effect modification by ethnicity or age was found. One CpG site was associated with ARDS in patients aged <58 years, cg19611163 (intron 19, 20). Two CpG sites were associated with ARDS in EDs only, gene body CpG (cg01894985, intron 2, 3) and CpG (cg16212219, intron 31, 32), with higher modification levels exhibited in ARDS subjects than controls. Cis-acting modified cytosine quantitative trait loci (mQTL) were identified using linear regression between local genetic variants and modification levels for 2 ARDS-associated CpGs (cg23344121 and cg16212219). In summary, these ARDS-associated MYLK CpGs with effect modification by ethnicity and local mQTL suggest that MYLK epigenetic variation and local genetic background may contribute to health disparities observed in ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keely L Szilágyi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Ting Wang
- University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
| | - Jeffrey D Fortman
- Biological Resources Laboratory, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Ill
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz
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Nguyen CH, Brenner S, Huttary N, Li Y, Atanasov AG, Dirsch VM, Holzner S, Stadler S, Riha J, Krieger S, Milovanovic D, Fristiohardy A, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Dolznig H, Saiko P, Szekeres T, Giessrigl B, Jäger W, Krupitza G. 12(S)-HETE increases intracellular Ca2+ in lymph-endothelial cells disrupting their barrier function in vitro; stabilization by clinical drugs impairing calcium supply. Cancer Lett 2016; 380:174-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Wang G, Cao L, Liu X, Sieracki NA, Di A, Wen X, Chen Y, Taylor S, Huang X, Tiruppathi C, Zhao YY, Song Y, Gao X, Jin T, Bai C, Malik AB, Xu J. Oxidant Sensing by TRPM2 Inhibits Neutrophil Migration and Mitigates Inflammation. Dev Cell 2016; 38:453-62. [PMID: 27569419 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Blood neutrophils perform an essential host-defense function by directly migrating to bacterial invasion sites to kill bacteria. The mechanisms mediating the transition from the migratory to bactericidal phenotype remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TRPM2, a trp superfamily member, senses neutrophil-generated reactive oxygen species and restrains neutrophil migration. The inhibitory function of oxidant sensing by TRPM2 requires the oxidation of Cys549, which then induces TRMP2 binding to formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and subsequent FPR1 internalization and signaling inhibition. The oxidant sensing-induced termination of neutrophil migration at the site of infection permits a smooth transition to the subsequent microbial killing phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Luyang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nathan A Sieracki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Anke Di
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xi Wen
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yong Chen
- Proteomic Core Facility, NHLBI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xiaojia Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | | | - You-Yang Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaopei Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Tian Jin
- Chemotaxis Signal Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunxue Bai
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jingsong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Vilitkevich EL, Khapchaev AY, Kudryashov DS, Nikashin AV, Schavocky JP, Lukas TJ, Watterson DM, Shirinsky VP. Phosphorylation Regulates Interaction of 210-kDa Myosin Light Chain Kinase N-terminal Domain with Actin Cytoskeleton. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2016; 80:1288-97. [PMID: 26567572 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297915100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
High molecular weight myosin light chain kinase (MLCK210) is a multifunctional protein involved in myosin II activation and integration of cytoskeletal components in cells. MLCK210 possesses actin-binding regions both in the central part of the molecule and in its N-terminal tail domain. In HeLa cells, mitotic protein kinase Aurora B was suggested to phosphorylate MLCK210 N-terminal tail at serine residues (Dulyaninova, N. G., and Bresnick, A. R. (2004) Exp. Cell Res., 299, 303-314), but the functional significance of the phosphorylation was not established. We report here that in vitro, the N-terminal actin-binding domain of MLCK210 is located within residues 27-157 (N27-157, avian MLCK210 sequence) and is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Aurora B at serine residues 140/149 leading to a decrease in N27-157 binding to actin. The same residues are phosphorylated in a PKA-dependent manner in transfected HeLa cells. Further, in transfected cells, phosphomimetic mutants of N27-157 showed reduced association with the detergent-stable cytoskeleton, whereas in vitro, the single S149D mutation reduced N27-157 association with F-actin to a similar extent as that achieved by N27-157 phosphorylation. Altogether, our results indicate that phosphorylation of MLCK210 at distinct serine residues, mainly at S149, attenuates the interaction of MLCK210 N-terminus with the actin cytoskeleton and might serve to regulate MLCK210 microfilament cross-linking activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Vilitkevich
- Russian Cardiology Research and Production Center, Moscow, 121552, Russia.
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Sundararajan V, Gengenbacher N, Stemmler MP, Kleemann JA, Brabletz T, Brabletz S. The ZEB1/miR-200c feedback loop regulates invasion via actin interacting proteins MYLK and TKS5. Oncotarget 2016; 6:27083-96. [PMID: 26334100 PMCID: PMC4694975 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a developmental process which is aberrantly activated during cancer invasion and metastasis. Elevated expression of EMT-inducers like ZEB1 enables tumor cells to detach from the primary tumor and invade into the surrounding tissue. The main antagonist of ZEB1 in controlling EMT is the microRNA-200 family that is reciprocally linked to ZEB1 in a double negative feedback loop. Here, we further elucidate how the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop controls invasion of tumor cells. The process of EMT is attended by major changes in the actin cytoskeleton. Via in silico screening of genes encoding for actin interacting proteins, we identified two novel targets of miR-200c - TKS5 and MYLK (MLCK). Co-expression of both genes with ZEB1 was observed in several cancer cell lines as well as in breast cancer patients and correlated with low miR-200c levels. Depletion of TKS5 or MYLK in breast cancer cells reduced their invasive potential and their ability to form invadopodia. Whereas TKS5 is known to be a major component, we could identify MYLK as a novel player in invadopodia formation. In summary, TKS5 and MYLK represent two mediators of invasive behavior of cancer cells that are regulated by the ZEB1/miR-200 feedback loop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignesh Sundararajan
- Department of Visceral Surgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicolas Gengenbacher
- Division of Vascular Oncology and Metastasis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marc P Stemmler
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia A Kleemann
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Simone Brabletz
- Department of Experimental Medicine I, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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37
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Haines RJ, Beard RS, Chen L, Eitnier RA, Wu MH. Interleukin-1β Mediates β-Catenin-Driven Downregulation of Claudin-3 and Barrier Dysfunction in Caco2 Cells. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:2252-2261. [PMID: 27074920 PMCID: PMC5517031 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-1β is a cytokine involved in mediating epithelial barrier dysfunction in the gut. It is known that IL-1β mediates activation of non-muscle myosin light chain kinase in epithelial cells, but the precise mechanism by which epithelial barrier dysfunction is induced by IL-1β is not understood. METHODS AND RESULTS Using a Caco2 cell model, we show that the expression of the tight junction protein, claudin-3, is transcriptionally downregulated by IL-1β treatment. In addition, after assessing protein and mRNA expression, and protein localization, we show that inhibition of nmMLCK rescues IL-1β-mediated decrease in claudin-3 expression as well as junction protein redistribution. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, we also show that β-catenin targeting of the claudin-3 promoter occurs as a consequence of IL-1β-mediated epithelial barrier dysfunction, and inhibition of nmMLCK interferes with this interaction. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these data represent the first line of evidence demonstrating nmMLCK regulation of claudin-3 expression in response to IL-1β-treated epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Haines
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - R S Beard
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - L Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - R A Eitnier
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - M H Wu
- Department of Surgery, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC 8, Office MDC 2012, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
- James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA.
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38
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Förster Y, Schmidt JR, Wissenbach DK, Pfeiffer SEM, Baumann S, Hofbauer LC, von Bergen M, Kalkhof S, Rammelt S. Microdialysis Sampling from Wound Fluids Enables Quantitative Assessment of Cytokines, Proteins, and Metabolites Reveals Bone Defect-Specific Molecular Profiles. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159580. [PMID: 27441377 PMCID: PMC4956113 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone healing involves a variety of different cell types and biological processes. Although certain key molecules have been identified, the molecular interactions of the healing progress are not completely understood. Moreover, a clinical routine for predicting the quality of bone healing after a fracture in an early phase is missing. This is mainly due to a lack of techniques to comprehensively screen for cytokines, growth factors and metabolites at their local site of action. Since all soluble molecules of interest are present in the fracture hematoma, its in-depth assessment could reveal potential markers for the monitoring of bone healing. Here, we describe an approach for sampling and quantification of cytokines and metabolites by using microdialysis, combined with solid phase extractions of proteins from wound fluids. By using a control group with an isolated soft tissue wound, we could reveal several bone defect-specific molecular features. In bone defect dialysates the neutrophil chemoattractants CXCL1, CXCL2 and CXCL3 were quantified with either a higher or earlier response compared to dialysate from soft tissue wound. Moreover, by analyzing downstream adaptions of the cells on protein level and focusing on early immune response, several proteins involved in the immune cell migration and activity could be identified to be specific for the bone defect group, e.g. immune modulators, proteases and their corresponding inhibitors. Additionally, the metabolite screening revealed different profiles between the bone defect group and the control group. In summary, we identified potential biomarkers to indicate imbalanced healing progress on all levels of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Förster
- University Center of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Johannes R. Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk K. Wissenbach
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne E. M. Pfeiffer
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sven Baumann
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lorenz C. Hofbauer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Centre for Microbial Communities, University of Aalborg, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Stefan Kalkhof
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Bioanalytics, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Coburg, Coburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Rammelt
- University Center of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery and Center for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital “Carl Gustav Carus”, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany
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39
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Wang T, Mathew B, Wu X, Shimizu Y, Rizzo AN, Dudek SM, Weichselbaum RR, Jacobson JR, Hecker L, Garcia JGN. Nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase activity modulates radiation-induced lung injury. Pulm Circ 2016; 6:234-9. [PMID: 27252850 DOI: 10.1086/686491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy as a primary treatment for thoracic malignancies induces deleterious effects, such as acute or subacute radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Although the molecular etiology of RILI is controversial and likely multifactorial, a potentially important cellular target is the lung endothelial cytoskeleton that regulates paracellular gap formation and the influx of macromolecules and fluid to the alveolar space. Here we investigate the central role of a key endothelial cytoskeletal regulatory protein, the nonmuscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK), in an established murine RILI model. Our results indicate that thoracic irradiation significantly augmented nmMLCK protein expression and enzymatic activity in murine lungs. Furthermore, genetically engineered mice harboring a deletion of the nmMLCK gene (nmMLCK(-/-) mice) exhibited protection from RILI, as assessed by attenuated vascular leakage and leukocyte infiltration. In addition, irradiated wild-type mice treated with two distinct MLCK enzymatic inhibitors, ML-7 and PIK (peptide inhibitor of kinase), also demonstrated attenuated RILI. Taken together, these data suggests a key role for nmMLCK in vascular barrier regulation in RILI and warrants further examination of RILI strategies that target nmMLCK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; These authors contributed equally as first authors
| | - Biji Mathew
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; These authors contributed equally as first authors
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Yuka Shimizu
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alicia N Rizzo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Louise Hecker
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA; Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine and Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
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40
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Sun G, Cao C, Chen W, Zhang Y, Dai Y. Differential proteomic analysis of respiratory failure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells using iTRAQ technology. Biomed Rep 2016; 4:573-577. [PMID: 27123249 PMCID: PMC4840512 DOI: 10.3892/br.2016.633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory failure (RF) is a state in which the respiratory system fails by its gas exchange functions. Failure of the lung, which is caused by all types of lung diseases, leads to hypoxaemia with type I respiratory failure. Failure of the pump leads to hypercapnia or type II respiratory failure. Using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology to identify and quantify the total proteins in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of RF patients and identify the differentially expressed proteome. The present study analyzed the total proteins in the PBMCs of RF patients and healthy controls using the eight-plex iTRAQ added with strong cation-exchange chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The differentially expressed proteins were identified by MASCOT. A total of 4,795 differentially expressed proteins were identified, and 403 proteins were upregulated and 421 were downregulated. Among them, 4 proteins were significantly differentially expressed, which were upregulated KIAA1520 protein and γ fibrinogen type B (AA at 202) and downregulated chain A, crystal structure of recombinant human platelet factor 4 and myosin regulatory light polypeptide 9. iTRAQ technology is suitable for identifying and quantifying the proteome in the PBMCs of RF patients. The differentially expressed proteins of RF patients have been identified in the present study, and further research of the molecular mechanism of the differentially expressed proteins is required to clarify the pathogenesis and identify novel biomarkers of RF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoping Sun
- Central Laboratory of Pingshan New District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Cuihui Cao
- Central Laboratory of Pingshan New District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Pingshan New District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518020, P.R. China
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41
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Naydenov NG, Feygin A, Wang D, Kuemmerle JF, Harris G, Conti MA, Adelstein RS, Ivanov AI. Nonmuscle Myosin IIA Regulates Intestinal Epithelial Barrier in vivo and Plays a Protective Role During Experimental Colitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24161. [PMID: 27063635 PMCID: PMC4827066 DOI: 10.1038/srep24161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a critical regulator of intestinal mucosal barrier permeability, and the integrity of epithelial adherens junctions (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ). Non muscle myosin II (NM II) is a key cytoskeletal motor that controls actin filament architecture and dynamics. While NM II has been implicated in the regulation of epithelial junctions in vitro, little is known about its roles in the intestinal mucosa in vivo. In this study, we generated a mouse model with an intestinal epithelial-specific knockout of NM IIA heavy chain (NM IIA cKO) and examined the structure and function of normal gut barrier, and the development of experimental colitis in these animals. Unchallenged NM IIA cKO mice showed increased intestinal permeability and altered expression/localization of several AJ/TJ proteins. They did not develop spontaneous colitis, but demonstrated signs of a low-scale mucosal inflammation manifested by prolapses, lymphoid aggregates, increased cytokine expression, and neutrophil infiltration in the gut. NM IIA cKO animals were characterized by a more severe disruption of the gut barrier and exaggerated mucosal injury during experimentally-induced colitis. Our study provides the first evidence that NM IIA plays important roles in establishing normal intestinal barrier, and protection from mucosal inflammation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayden G Naydenov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Alex Feygin
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298
| | - John F Kuemmerle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298
| | - Gianni Harris
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY
| | - Mary Anne Conti
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Robert S Adelstein
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Andrei I Ivanov
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA23298.,VCU Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298.,Virginia Institute of Molecular Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298
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42
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Wu X, Newbold MA, Haynes CL. Recapitulation of in vivo-like neutrophil transendothelial migration using a microfluidic platform. Analyst 2016; 140:5055-64. [PMID: 26087389 DOI: 10.1039/c5an00967g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophil transendothelial migration (TEM) is an essential physiological process that regulates the recruitment of neutrophils in response to inflammatory signals. Herein, a versatile hydrogel scaffold is embedded in a microfluidic platform that supports an endothelial cell layer cultured in the vertical direction and highly stable chemical gradients; this construct is employed to mimic the in vivo neutrophil TEM process. We found that the number of neutrophils migrating across the endothelial cell layer is dependent on the presented chemoattractant concentration and the spatial profile of the chemical gradient. Endothelial cells play a critical role in neutrophil TEM by promoting neutrophil morphological changes as well as expressing surface receptor molecules that are indispensable for inducing neutrophil attachment and migration. Furthermore, the microfluidic device also supports competing chemoattractant gradients to facilitate neutrophil TEM studies in complex microenvironments that more accurately model the in vivo system than simplified microenvironments without the complexity of chemical gradients. This work demonstrates that combinations of any two different chemoattractants induce more significant neutrophil migration than a single chemoattractant in the same total amount, indicating synergistic effects between distinct chemoattractants. The in vitro reconstitution of neutrophil TEM successfully translates planar neutrophil movement into in vivo-like neutrophil recruitment and accelerates understanding of cellular interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells within the complicated physiological milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Nanoscale Imaging Reveals a Tetraspanin-CD9 Coordinated Elevation of Endothelial ICAM-1 Clusters. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146598. [PMID: 26731655 PMCID: PMC4701507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial barriers have a central role in inflammation as they allow or deny the passage of leukocytes from the vasculature into the tissue. To bind leukocytes, endothelial cells form adhesive clusters containing tetraspanins and ICAM-1, so-called endothelial adhesive platforms (EAPs). Upon leukocyte binding, EAPs evolve into docking structures that emanate from the endothelial surface while engulfing the leukocyte. Here, we show that TNF-α is sufficient to induce apical protrusions in the absence of leukocytes. Using advanced quantitation of atomic force microscopy (AFM) recordings, we found these structures to protrude by 160 ± 80 nm above endothelial surface level. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy proved them positive for ICAM-1, JAM-A, tetraspanin CD9 and f-actin. Microvilli formation was inhibited in the absence of CD9. Our findings indicate that stimulation with TNF-α induces nanoscale changes in endothelial surface architecture and that—via a tetraspanin CD9 depending mechanism—the EAPs rise above the surface to facilitate leukocyte capture.
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Role of Integrin β4 in Lung Endothelial Cell Inflammatory Responses to Mechanical Stress. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16529. [PMID: 26572585 PMCID: PMC4647208 DOI: 10.1038/srep16529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, has lung vascular-protective effects that are associated with decreased agonist-induced integrin β4 (ITGB4) tyrosine phosphorylation. Accordingly, we hypothesized that endothelial cell (EC) protection by simvastatin is dependent on these effects and sought to further characterize the functional role of ITGB4 as a mediator of EC protection in the setting of excessive mechanical stretch at levels relevant to ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Initially, early ITGB4 tyrosine phosphorylation was confirmed in human pulmonary artery EC subjected to excessive cyclic stretch (18% CS). EC overexpression of mutant ITGB4 with specific tyrosines mutated to phenylalanine (Y1440, Y1526 Y1640, or Y1422) resulted in significantly attenuated CS-induced cytokine expression (IL6, IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES). In addition, EC overexpression of ITGB4 constructs with specific structural deletions also resulted in significantly attenuated CS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression compared to overexpression of wildtype ITGB4. Finally, mice expressing a mutant ITGB4 lacking a cytoplasmic signaling domain were found to have attenuated lung injury after VILI-challenge (VT = 40 ml/kg, 4 h). Our results provide mechanistic insights into the anti-inflammatory properties of statins and may ultimately lead to novel strategies targeted at ITGB4 signaling to treat VILI.
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Lou SS, Diz-Muñoz A, Weiner OD, Fletcher DA, Theriot JA. Myosin light chain kinase regulates cell polarization independently of membrane tension or Rho kinase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:275-88. [PMID: 25918227 PMCID: PMC4411279 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201409001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Use of embryonic zebrafish keratocytes as a model system shows that increased myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) activity promotes the formation of multiple protrusions independently of ROCK by increasing myosin accumulation in lamellipodia. Cells polarize to a single front and rear to achieve rapid actin-based motility, but the mechanisms preventing the formation of multiple fronts are unclear. We developed embryonic zebrafish keratocytes as a model system for investigating establishment of a single axis. We observed that, although keratocytes from 2 d postfertilization (dpf) embryos resembled canonical fan-shaped keratocytes, keratocytes from 4 dpf embryos often formed multiple protrusions despite unchanged membrane tension. Using genomic, genetic, and pharmacological approaches, we determined that the multiple-protrusion phenotype was primarily due to increased myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) expression. MLCK activity influences cell polarity by increasing myosin accumulation in lamellipodia, which locally decreases protrusion lifetime, limiting lamellipodial size and allowing for multiple protrusions to coexist within the context of membrane tension limiting protrusion globally. In contrast, Rho kinase (ROCK) regulates myosin accumulation at the cell rear and does not determine protrusion size. These results suggest a novel MLCK-specific mechanism for controlling cell polarity via regulation of myosin activity in protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny S Lou
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alba Diz-Muñoz
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Orion D Weiner
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158 Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158
| | - Daniel A Fletcher
- Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Department of Bioengineering and Biophysics Program, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305 Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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Interaction in endothelium of non-muscular myosin light-chain kinase and the NF-κB pathway is critical to lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular hyporeactivity. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015. [PMID: 26201020 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
During sepsis, endothelial barrier dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular failure, mainly through the release of oxidative metabolites by penetrant leukocytes. We reported the non-muscular isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) playing a pivotal role in endotoxin shock injury associated with oxidative and nitrative stresses, and vascular hyporeactivity. The present study was aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular alterations as well as studying a probable functional association of nmMLCK with nuclear factor κ-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Aortic rings from mice were exposed in vitro to LPS and, then, vascular reactivity was measured. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were incubated with LPS, and interaction of nmMLCK with NF-κB was analysed. We provide evidence that nmMLCK deletion prevents vascular hyporeactivity induced by in vitro LPS treatment but not endothelial dysfunction in the aorta. Deletion of nmMLCK inhibits LPS-induced NF-κB activation and increases nitric oxide (NO) release via induction of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) within the vascular wall. Also, removal of endothelium prevented both NF-κB and iNOS expression in aortic rings. Among the proinflammatory factors released by LPS-treated endothelial cells, interleukin-6 accounts for the induction of iNOS on smooth muscle cells in response to LPS. Of particular interest is the demonstration that, in HAoECs, LPS-induced NF-κB activation occurs via increased MLCK activity sensitive to the MLCK inhibitor, ML-7, and physical interactions between nmMLCK and NF-κB. We report for the first time on NF-κB as a novel partner of nmMLCK within endothelial cells. The present study demonstrates a pivotal role of nmMLCK in vascular inflammatory pathologies.
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Wang H, Hong LJ, Huang JY, Jiang Q, Tao RR, Tan C, Lu NN, Wang CK, Ahmed MM, Lu YM, Liu ZR, Shi WX, Lai EY, Wilcox CS, Han F. P2RX7 sensitizes Mac-1/ICAM-1-dependent leukocyte-endothelial adhesion and promotes neurovascular injury during septic encephalopathy. Cell Res 2015; 25:674-90. [PMID: 25998681 PMCID: PMC4456628 DOI: 10.1038/cr.2015.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Septic encephalopathy (SE) is a critical factor determining sepsis mortality. Vascular inflammation is known to be involved in SE, but the molecular events that lead to the development of encephalopathy remain unclear. Using time-lapse in vivo two-photon laser scanning microscopy, we provide the first direct evidence that cecal ligation and puncture in septic mice induces microglial trafficking to sites adjacent to leukocyte adhesion on inflamed cerebral microvessels. Our data further demonstrate that septic injury increased the chemokine CXCL1 level in brain endothelial cells by activating endothelial P2RX7 and eventually enhanced the binding of Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18)-expressing leukocytes to endothelial ICAM-1. In turn, leukocyte adhesion upregulated endothelial CX3CL1, thereby triggering microglia trafficking to the injured site. The sepsis-induced increase in endothelial CX3CL1 was abolished in CD18 hypomorphic mutant mice. Inhibition of the P2RX7 pathway not only decreased endothelial ICAM-1 expression and leukocyte adhesion but also prevented microglia overactivation, reduced brain injury, and consequently doubled the early survival of septic mice. These results demonstrate the role of the P2RX7 pathway in linking neurovascular inflammation to brain damage in vivo and provide a rationale for targeting endothelial P2RX7 for neurovascular protection during SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- 1] Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China [2] Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Research, College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116622, China
| | - Ling-Juan Hong
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ji-Yun Huang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Rong-Rong Tao
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Chao Tan
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Nan-Nan Lu
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Cheng-Kun Wang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Muhammad M Ahmed
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- School of Medicine, Zhejiang University City College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China
| | - Zhi-Rong Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University Health Schools of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Behavioral Health, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - En-Yin Lai
- Department of Physiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Christopher S Wilcox
- Hypertension, Kidney, and Vascular Research Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC 20007, USA
| | - Feng Han
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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48
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Lysosome and Cytoskeleton Pathways Are Robustly Enriched in the Blood of Septic Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Transcriptomic Data. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:984825. [PMID: 26063982 PMCID: PMC4430672 DOI: 10.1155/2015/984825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units worldwide. A better understanding of the blood systems response to sepsis should expedite the identification of biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapeutic interventions. Methods. We analyzed microarray studies whose data is available from the GEO repository and which were performed on the whole blood of septic patients and normal controls. Results. We identified 6 cohorts consisting of 450 individuals (sepsis = 323, control = 127) providing genome-wide messenger RNA (mRNA) expression data. Through meta-analysis we found the “Lysosome” and “Cytoskeleton” pathways were upregulated in human sepsis patients relative to controls, in addition to previously known signaling pathways (including MAPK, TLR). The key regulatory genes in the “Lysosome” pathway include lysosomal acid hydrolases (e.g., protease cathepsin A, D) as well as the major (LAMP1, 2) and minor (SORT1, LAPTM4B) membrane proteins. In contrast, pathways related to “Ribosome”, “Spliceosome” and “Cell adhesion molecules” were found to be downregulated, along with known pathways for immune dysfunction. Overall, our study revealed distinct mRNA activation profiles and protein-protein interaction networks in blood of human sepsis. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that aberrant mRNA expression in the lysosome and cytoskeleton pathways may play a pivotal role in the molecular pathobiology of human sepsis.
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Liu X, Yang T, Suzuki K, Tsukita S, Ishii M, Zhou S, Wang G, Cao L, Qian F, Taylor S, Oh MJ, Levitan I, Ye RD, Carnegie GK, Zhao Y, Malik AB, Xu J. Moesin and myosin phosphatase confine neutrophil orientation in a chemotactic gradient. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:267-80. [PMID: 25601651 PMCID: PMC4322047 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Jingsong Xu and colleagues investigate how neutrophils initiate polarized migration toward bacteria or chemoattractants. They find that attractant-induced activation of myosin phosphatase results in the deactivation of moesin at the prospective leading edge and its redistribution to the trailing edge, establishing polarity and directional pseudopod formation. Neutrophils respond to invading bacteria by adopting a polarized morphology, migrating in the correct direction, and engulfing the bacteria. How neutrophils establish and precisely orient this polarity toward pathogens remains unclear. Here we report that in resting neutrophils, the ERM (ezrin, radixin, and moesin) protein moesin in its active form (phosphorylated and membrane bound) prevented cell polarization by inhibiting the small GTPases Rac, Rho, and Cdc42. Attractant-induced activation of myosin phosphatase deactivated moesin at the prospective leading edge to break symmetry and establish polarity. Subsequent translocation of moesin to the trailing edge confined the formation of a prominent pseudopod directed toward pathogens and prevented secondary pseudopod formation in other directions. Therefore, both moesin-mediated inhibition and its localized deactivation by myosin phosphatase are essential for neutrophil polarization and effective neutrophil tracking of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Tao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Koya Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsukita
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Laboratory of Biological Science and Laboratory of Cellular Dynamics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuping Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Luyang Cao
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Shalina Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Myung-Jin Oh
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Irena Levitan
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Richard D Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Graeme K Carnegie
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Asrar B Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Jingsong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612
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50
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Sp1/Sp3 transcription factors regulate hallmarks of megakaryocyte maturation and platelet formation and function. Blood 2014; 125:1957-67. [PMID: 25538045 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-593343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Sp1 and Sp3 belong to the specificity proteins (Sp)/Krüppel-like transcription factor family. They are closely related, ubiquitously expressed, and recognize G-rich DNA motifs. They are thought to regulate generic processes such as cell-cycle and growth control, metabolic pathways, and apoptosis. Ablation of Sp1 or Sp3 in mice is lethal, and combined haploinsufficiency results in hematopoietic defects during the fetal stages. Here, we show that in adult mice, conditional pan-hematopoietic (Mx1-Cre) ablation of either Sp1 or Sp3 has minimal impact on hematopoiesis, whereas the simultaneous loss of Sp1 and Sp3 results in severe macrothrombocytopenia. This occurs in a cell-autonomous manner as shown by megakaryocyte-specific (Pf4-Cre) double-knockout mice. We employed flow cytometry, cell culture, and electron microscopy and show that although megakaryocyte numbers are normal in bone marrow and spleen, they display a less compact demarcation membrane system and a striking inability to form proplatelets. Through megakaryocyte transcriptomics and platelet proteomics, we identified several cytoskeleton-related proteins and downstream effector kinases, including Mylk, that were downregulated upon Sp1/Sp3 depletion, providing an explanation for the observed defects in megakaryopoiesis. Supporting this notion, selective Mylk inhibition by ML7 affected proplatelet formation and stabilization and resulted in defective ITAM receptor-mediated platelet aggregation.
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